MAXIM MAX3544 Technical data

19-5470; Rev 0; 7/10
EVALUATION KIT
AVAILABLE
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
The MAX3544 broadband single-conversion television tuner is designed for use in digital (DVB-T, DVB-C, GB20600) television sets and terrestrial receivers. It receives all television bands from 47MHz to 862MHz and converts the selected channel to an industry-standard 36MHz IF.
The MAX3544 includes a variable-gain low-noise input amplifier; an RF tracking filter; an image rejection mixer; a peak detector; an optional internal, self-contained RF gain-control loop (RFAGC); a VCO with fractional-N PLL; an IF bandpass filter; an IF variable-gain amplifier; and a crystal oscillator.
The MAX3544 is available in a small, 6mm x 6mm, thin QFN package, and the application circuit fits in 20mm x 25mm on a two-layer board with single-sided component mounting.
Applications
DVB-T/DVB-T2
DVB-C
DTMB/GB20600
ATSC
Features
S Standard IF Architecture Ensures < -70dBc Spurs
S Integrated RF Tracking Filter
S Integrated IF Bandpass Filter
S Full-Band Coverage (47MHz to 862MHz)
S 70dB Image Rejection
S 4dB Noise Figure
S Fast-Locking, Low Phase-Noise PLL Supports
256QAM
S Crystal Oscillator and Buffer/Divider to Drive
Baseband IC
S 745mW Power Dissipation
Ordering Information
PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
MAX3544CTL+
0NC to +70NC
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. *EP = Exposed paddle.
40 TQFN-EP*
MAX3544
Block Diagram/Typical Application Circuit/Pin Configuration
CC
TUNE
GND
FRAC-N
RFGND2
25
PLL
IFOUT1A
SDA
IFOUT1B
REFDIV
XTALE
/N
8 9 10
ADDR
IFVGC
LC BANDPASS
XTALB
21
I2C
IFIN-
FILTER
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
SCL
V
CCDIG
REFOUT
GND
DTVOUT+
DTVOUT-
GND
V
CC
GND
IFIN+
REF_OUT
2
C
I
DIGITAL
DEMODULATOR
IFVGC
DIG_IF
TFVL2
TFVH1
TFVH2
TFU1
TFU2A
TFU2B
TFU3
LEXT
RFINL
LDOBYP
VCCTFVL1
V
27282930 26 24 23 22
31
32
33
MAX3544
34
35
TRACKING
36
FILTER
37
38
V
CC
39
40
+
1 2
RFINH
RFGND1
PDET
4 5 6 7
3
CCIF
V
RFVGC
NOTE: LAYOUT FITS 25mm x 20mm ON 2-LAYER BOARD WITH DEVICE PLACEMENT ON TOP SIDE ONLY.
_______________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VCC to GND ..........................................................-0.3V to +3.6V
RFINL, RFINH, IFIN+, IFIN-, DTVOUT+, DTVOUT-,
IFOUT1A, IFOUT1B .............................. -0.3V to (V
SDA, SCLK, IFAGC, RFVGA ................................ -0.3V to +3.6V
Short-Circuit Protection: DTVOUT+, DTVOUT-,
IFOUT1A, IFOUT1B .................................................. Indefinite
RF Input Power .............................................................. +10dBm
MAX3544
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
CC
+ 0.3V)
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX3544 Evaluation Kit, VCC = 3.1V to 3.5V, TA = 0NC to +70NC, registers set according to Table 1. Typical values are at VCC =
3.3V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
Supply Voltage 3.1 3.5 V
Supply Current
RF and IF VGC Input Bias Current
RF and IF VGC Control Voltage Maximum gain 3.0 V RF and IF VGC Control Voltage Minimum gain 0.5 V
SERIAL INTERFACE
Input Logic-Level Low
Input Logic-Level High
Output Logic-Level Low 3mA sink current 0.4 V
Output Logic-Level High
Maximum Clock Rate 400 kHz
IF VGA enabled 225 270 Standby (REF oscillator on) R08[7] = 1 5
At 0.5V to 3.0V DC
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC)
(derate 35.7mW/NC above +70NC).............................2857mW
Operating Temperature Range ............................. 0NC to +70NC
Junction Temperature .....................................................+150NC
Storage Temperature Range ............................ -65NC to +165NC
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................+300NC
Soldering Temperature (reflow) ......................................+260NC
-100 to +100
0.3 x V
CC
0.7 x V
CC
VCC -
0.5V
mA
FA
V
V
V
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX3544 Evaluation Kit, RF center frequency = 666MHz, IF center frequency = 36.15MHz, registers set according to Table 1, f
= 16MHz, V
REF
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
OVERALL REQUIREMENTS (RF INPUT TO IF OUTPUT)
RFINL Operating Frequency Range
RFINH Operating Frequency Range
Maximum Voltage Gain to IFOUT1
2 ______________________________________________________________________________________
RFVGC
= V
= 3.0V, VCC = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.)
IFVGC
Tunable frequency range 47 345 MHz
Tunable frequency range 345 862 MHz
DVB-T mode (see Table 1) 50 dB
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(MAX3544 Evaluation Kit, RF center frequency = 666MHz, IF center frequency = 36.15MHz, registers set according to Table 1, f
= 16MHz, V
REF
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
RF Gain Control Range (gain at V Noise Figure 4 dB
Image Rejection
IF VARIABLE-GAIN AMPLIFIER
Maximum Voltage Gain
Minimum Voltage Gain
In-Channel Output V1dB 36.15MHz CW output signal > 2.5 V
DETECTOR
Wideband Detector Input-Referred Attack Point
Narrowband Detector Input-Referred Attack Point
SIGMA-DELTA FRAC-N SYNTHESIZER
N-Divider Value 19 251 Fractional-N Resolution 20 Bits Phase-Detector Frequency f Phase-Detector Frequency f
REFERENCE OSCILLATOR
Frequency (Note 2) 16 32 MHz External Overdrive Level AC-coupled sine-wave input 0.5 1.5 V
REFERENCE OSCILLATOR OUTPUT BUFFER
Output Frequency /1, /4 modes 4 4 f Output Level
Note 1: Guaranteed by production test at +25NC. 0NC and +70NC are guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 2: Guaranteed by design and characterization.
RFVGC
= V
= 3.0V, VCC = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.)
IFVGC
= 3.0V) - (gain at V
RFVGC
Image applied at 77.8MHz above desired channel’s center frequency
Output load impedance > 2kI||3pF, differential load
Output load impedance > 2kI||3pF, differential load, V
= 0.5V
IFVGC
Programmable, R0B[6:4] = 100, CW input signal -36 dBm
Programmable, R0B[2:0] = 011, CW input signal -47 dBm
/2 8 10.5 MHz
XTAL
/1 16 21 MHz
XTAL
Load Impedance > 20kI||3pF
= 0.5V) 53 dB
RFVGC
47MHz to 470MHz > 70
470MHz to 862MHz > 65
60 dB
19 dB
1.1 V
XTAL
dB
P-P
P-P
MHz
P-P
MAX3544
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Typical Register Summary
Table 1 shows register settings to configure the MAX3544 for operation with a 16MHz crystal frequency and 666MHz RF frequency with a differential LC bandpass filter.
Table 1. Typical Register Settings
MAX3544
REGISTER NAME REGISTER ADDRESS REGISTER FUNCTION
R00 0x00 VCO 4C R01 0x01 NDIV INT 2B R02 0x02 NDIV FRAC2 8E R03 0x03 NDIV FRAC1 26 R04 0x04 NDIV FRAC0 (VAS Trigger) 66 R05 0x05 MODE CTRL D8 R06 0x06 TFS Calculated from ROM values R07 0x07 TFP Calculated from ROM values R08 0x08 SHUTDOWN 00 R09 0x09 REF CONFIG 0A R0A 0x0A VAS CONFIG 16
R0B 0x0B PWRDET CFG1 43 R0C 0x0C PWRDET CFG2 01 R0D 0x0D FILT CF ADJ Read from ROM R0E 0x0E ROM ADDR 00
R0F 0x0F IRHR Read from ROM
R10 0x10 ROM READBACK Read only
R11 0x11 VAS STATUS Read only
R12 0x12 GEN STATUS Read only
R13 0x13 BIAS ADJ 56
R14 0x14 TEST1 40
R15 0x15 ROM WRITE DATA Maxim use only
DVB-T MODE, 8MHz
DIFFERENTIAL IF
(hex)
4 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Typical Operating Characteristics
(MAX3544 Evaluation Kit, VCC = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, registers set according to Table 1, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX3544
CASCADED VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. FREQUENCY
100
95
90
85
80
75
VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
70
65
60
0 900
FREQUENCY (MHz)
+70°C
CASCADED VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. IFVGC VOLTAGE
100
fRF = 666MHz
90
80
70
60
VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
50
40
30
0.5 3.0 IFVGC VOLTAGE (V)
0°C
+70°C
0°C
+25°C
DVB-T MODE
800700100 200 300 500400 600
+25°C
DVB-T MODE
2.52.01.51.0
MAX3544 toc01
MAX3544 toc03
CASCADED VOLTAGE GAIN
vs. RFVGC VOLTAGE
100
fRF = 666MHz
90
80
70
60
50
VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
40
30
20
0.5 3.0
0°C
+70°C
RFVGC VOLTAGE (V)
NOISE FIGURE
vs. FREQUENCY
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
NOISE FIGURE (dB)
3
2
1
0
INPUT DIPLEXER CROSSOVER
FREQUENCY IS 345MHz
+25°C
0 900
FREQUENCY (MHz)
MAX3544 toc02
+25°C
DVB-T MODE
2.52.01.0 1.5
MAX3544 toc04
800700500 600200 300 400100
DVB-T SENSITIVITY vs. FREQUENCY
-70 64QAM (3/4CR, 1/4GI, 8K, 8MHz), BER < 2e-4
-72
-74
-76
-78
-80
-82
SENSITIVITY (dBm)
-84
-86
MEASURED MAX3544
-88
-90
0 900
NORDIG SPECIFICATION
FREQUENCY (MHz)
MAX3544 toc05
800700500 600200 300 400100
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX3544 Evaluation Kit, VCC = 3.3V, TA = +25NC, registers set according to Table 1, unless otherwise noted.)
-20
MAX3544
-25
-30
-35
-40
DESIRED/BLOCKER (dB)
-45
-50
-55
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-55
INPUT-REFERRED ATTACK POINT (dBm)
-60
DVB-T DIGITAL BLOCKER HANDLING
vs. BLOCKER CHANNEL
64QAM (3/4CR, 1/4GI, 8K, 8MHz), BER < 2e-4
NORDIG SPECIFICATION
MEASURED MAX3544
-4 9 RELATIVE BLOCKER CHANNEL
876543210-1-2-3
DETECTOR ATTACK POINT
vs. DETECTOR THRESHOLD SETTING
fRF = 666MHz, CW TONE, DVB-T MODE
WIDEBAND DETECTOR
NARROWBAND DETECTOR
0 7
DETECTOR THRESHOLD SETTING
654321
MAX3544 toc06
MAX3544 toc08
IMAGE REJECTION
vs. FREQUENCY
100
90
80
70
60
IMAGE REJECTION (dB)
50
40
30
0 900800
+70°C
FREQUENCY (MHz)
REFOUT VOLTAGE vs. TIME
0.9 f
= 16MHz
XTAL
0.6
0.3
0
-0.3
REFOUT VOLTAGE (V)
-0.6
-0.9 0 0.5
/1 MODE (16MHz)
/4 MODE (4MHz)
TIME (µs)
0°C
+25°C
DVB-T MODE
700600500400300200100
0.40.30.20.1
MAX3544 toc07
MAX3544 toc09
6 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION
1 RFINH
2 RFGND1
3 RFVGC RF VGA Gain Control Voltage. Accepts a DC voltage from 0.5V to 3V. 4 V
5 RFGND2
6 IFOUT1A
7 IFOUT1B
8 IFVGC IF VGA Gain Control Voltage. Accepts a DC voltage from 0.5V to 3V.
9 ADDR
10, 11 IFIN-, IFIN+ Differential IF VGA Input. Connect to the IF filter output.
12, 14,
17, 26
13, 27,
29, 39
15, 16
18 REFOUT Crystal Output to Drive Baseband IC. Output frequency is f 19 V
20 SCL
21 XTALB
22 XTALE Crystal Oscillator Emitter. Connect a capacitor to ground and a capacitor to XTALB.
23 REFDIV
24 SDA
25 TUNE PLL Charge-Pump Output and TUNE Input. Connect to the PLL loop filter. 28 LDOBYP
CCIF
GND Ground. Connect pin to paddle ground to minimize trace inductance.
V
CC
DTVOUT-, DTVOUT+
CCDIG
High-Frequency RF Input. Matched to 75I over the operating band. Requires a DC-blocking capacitor.
RF Ground. Bypass to the PCB’s ground plane with a 1000pF capacitor. Keep traces as short as pos­sible to minimize inductance to ground plane. Do not connect RFGND1 and RFGND2 together.
IF Power Supply. Requires a 600I series ferrite bead to a bypass capacitor to ground.
RF Ground. Bypass to the PCB’s ground plane with a 1000pF capacitor. Keep traces as short as pos­sible to minimize inductance to ground plane. Do not connect RFGND1 and RFGND2 together.
Dual-Mode IF Output. In single-ended mode, this pin is the IF signal output. In differential mode, this pin is the positive terminal of the differential IF output.
Dual-Mode IF Output. In single-ended mode, this pin is the SAW filter bandwidth switch. In differential mode, this pin is the negative terminal of the differential IF output.
2-Wire Serial-Interface Address Line. This pin sets the device address for the I2C-compatible serial interface. There are three selectable addresses based on the state of this pin: logic-low, logic-high, or unconnected.
Power-Supply Connections. Bypass each supply pin with a separate 1000pF capacitor to ground.
Differential IF VGA Output. Connect to the demodulator input. Requires a 1000pF DC-blocking capacitor.
or f
XTAL
Digital Supply. Requires a 15I series resistor to a 1FF bypass capacitor.
2-Wire Serial Clock Interface. Connect to the serial bus and ensure the bus includes an approximately 5kI pullup resistor.
Crystal Oscillator Base. Connect to the crystal through a DC-blocking capacitor and connect a capacitor to XTALE.
Reference Frequency Divider Control. Three modes are available depending on the state of this pin: high = f
register is not guaranteed; therefore, unconnected mode should only be used if the controller can reprogram I2C in any of the divider settings.
2-Wire Serial Data Interface. Connect to serial bus and ensure the bus includes an approximately 5kI pullup resistor.
Bypass for On-Chip VCO LDO. Bypass to ground with a 0.47FF capacitor.
XTAL
/1, low = f
/4, unconnected = state determined by register. Note: Power-up state of
XTAL
XTAL
/4.
MAX3544
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Pin Description (continued)
PIN NAME FUNCTION
30 TFVL1* VHF Low Tracking Filter 1 31 TFVL2* VHF Low Tracking Filter 2 32 TFVH1* VHF High Tracking Filter 1 33 TFVH2* VHF High Tracking Filter 2
MAX3544
34 TFU1* UHF Tracking Filter 1 35 TFU2A* UHF Tracking Filter 2A 36 TFU2B* UHF Tracking Filter 2B 37 TFU3* UHF Tracking Filter 3 38 LEXT* RF VGA Supply Voltage. Connect through a 270nH pullup inductor to VCC. 40 RFINL — EP (GND) Exposed Paddle Ground. Solder evenly to the PCB ground plane for proper operation.
*Improper placement of these inductors degrades image rejection, gain, and noise figure. Copy Maxim reference design layout
exactly in this area.
Low-Frequency RF Input. Matched to 75I over the operating band. Requires a DC-blocking capacitor.
Detailed Description
I2C-Compatible Serial Interface
The MAX3544 uses a 2-wire I2C-compatible serial inter­face consisting of a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). SDA and SCL facilitate bidirectional communication between the MAX3544 and the master at clock frequencies up to 400kHz. The master initiates a data transfer on the bus and generates the SCL signal to permit data transfer. The MAX3544 behaves as a slave device that transfers and receives data to and from the master. Pull SDA and SCL high with external pullup resis­tors for proper bus operation.
One bit is transferred during each SCL clock cycle. A minimum of nine clock cycles is required to transfer a byte in or out of the MAX3544 (8 data bits and an ACK/ NACK). The data on SDA must remain stable during the high period of the SCL clock pulse. Changes in SDA while SCL is high and stable are considered control sig­nals (see the START and STOP Conditions section). Both SDA and SCL remain high when the bus is not busy.
START and STOP Conditions
The master initiates a transmission with a START condi­tion (S), which is a high-to-low transition on SDA while SCL is high. The master terminates a transmission with a STOP condition (P), which is a low-to-high transition on SDA while SCL is high.
Acknowledge and Not-Acknowledge Conditions
Data transfers are framed with an acknowledge bit (ACK) or a not-acknowledge bit (NACK). Both the master and the MAX3544 (slave) generate acknowledge bits. To generate an acknowledge, the receiving device must pull SDA low before the rising edge of the acknowledge­related clock pulse (ninth pulse) and keep it low during the high period of the clock pulse.
To generate a not-acknowledge condition, the receiver allows SDA to be pulled high before the rising edge of the acknowledge-related clock pulse, and leaves SDA high during the high period of the clock pulse. Monitoring the acknowledge bits allows for detection of unsuccessful data transfers. An unsuccessful data trans­fer happens if a receiving device is busy or if a system fault has occurred. In the event of an unsuccessful data transfer, the bus master must reattempt communication at a later time.
Slave Address
The MAX3544 has a 7-bit slave address plus one R/W bit. These 8 bits must be sent to the device following a START condition to initiate communication. The slave address is determined by the state of the ADDR pin as shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Address Configurations
ADDR PIN ADDR2 ADDR1
0 0 0 0xC0 0xC1
Unconnected 0 1 0xC2 0xC3
1 1 0 0xC4 0xC5
WRITE AD-
DRESS
READ AD-
DRESS
8 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
SLAVE ADDRESS
MAX3544
S 1 1 0 0 0 ADDR2 ADDR1 R/W ACK
SDA
SCL
NOTE: TIMING PARAMETERS CONFORM WITH I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2
C BUS SPECIFICATIONS.
Figure 1. MAX3544 Slave Address Byte. Example shows read address 0x0C1 (ADDR pin grounded).
The MAX3544 continuously awaits a START condition fol­lowed by its slave address. When the device recognizes
Figure 2 illustrates an example in which registers 0, 1,
and 2 are written with 0x0E, 0xD8, and 0xE1, respectively. its slave address, it acknowledges by pulling the SDA line low for one clock period; it is ready to accept or send data depending on the R/W bit (Figure 1).
Write Cycle
When addressed with a write command, the MAX3544 allows the master to write to a single register or to mul­tiple successive registers.
A write cycle begins with the bus master issuing a START condition followed by the 7 slave address bits and a write bit (R/W = 0). The MAX3544 issues an ACK if the slave address byte is successfully received. The bus master must then send to the slave the address of the first reg­ister it wishes to write to. If the slave acknowledges the address, the master can then write 1 byte to the register at the specified address. Data is written beginning with the most significant bit. The MAX3544 again issues an ACK if the data is successfully written to the register. The master can continue to write data to the successive internal registers with the MAX3544 acknowledging each successful transfer, or it can terminate transmission by
A read cycle begins with the bus master issuing a START
condition followed by the 7 slave address bits and a
write bit (R/W = 0). The MAX3544 issues an ACK if the
slave address byte is successfully received. The master
then sends the 8-bit address of the first register that it
wishes to read. The MAX3544 then issues another ACK.
Next, the master must issue a START condition followed
by the 7 slave address bits and a read bit (R/W = 1). The
MAX3544 issues an ACK if it successfully recognizes
its address and begins sending data from the speci-
fied register address starting with the most significant
bit (MSB). Data is clocked out of the MAX3544 on the
rising edge of SCL. On the ninth rising edge of SCL, the
master can issue an ACK and continue reading succes-
sive registers or it can issue a NACK followed by a STOP
condition to terminate transmission. The read cycle does
not terminate until the master issues a STOP condition.
Figure 3 illustrates an example in which registers 0 and
1 are read back. issuing a STOP condition. The write cycle does not termi-
nate until the master issues a STOP condition.
P
Read Cycle
WRITE DEVICE
START
ADDRESS
11000[ADDR2][ADDR1] 0
R/W
WRITE REGISTER
ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK
ADDRESS
0x00
WRITE DATA TO
REGISTER 0x00
0x0E
WRITE DATA TO
REGISTER 0x01
Figure 2. Example: Write registers 0, 1, and 2 with 0x0E, 0xD8, and 0xE1, respectively.
WRITE DEVICE
START
110000[ADDR2][ADDR1]
ADDRESS
R/W
ADDRESS
0x00
WRITE 1ST REGISTER
ACK NACK
ACK
START
WRITE DEVICE
110000[ADDR2][ADDR1]0
ADDRESS
R/W
1
Figure 3. Example: Read data from registers 0 and 1.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
0xD8
ACK
READ DATA
REG 0
D7–D0
WRITE DATA TO
REGISTER 0x02
0xE1
READ DATA
ACK
REG 1
D7–D0
STOP
STOP
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Control Register Description
The MAX3544 includes 18 programmable registers, two status registers (read only), one register for ROM readback (read only), and one for Maxim use only. The programmable registers configure the VCO settings, PLL settings, detector and AGC settings, state control, bias adjustments, individual block shutdown, and the track­ing filter frequency. These programmable registers are
MAX3544
also readable. The read-only registers include two status registers and a ROM table data register.
Typical bit settings are provided only for user conve-
nience and are not guaranteed at power-up. All registers
must be written no earlier than 100Fs after power-up
or recovery from a brownout event (i.e., when VCC
drops below 1V) to initialize the registers. Then follow
up by rewriting the registers needed for channel/fre-
quency programming (i.e., registers R00–R04). The typi-
cal values listed in Table 3 configure the MAX3544 for
DVB-T reception with 16MHz crystal, 8MHz channel BW,
36.15MHz IF center frequency, differential LC bandpass
filter, and 666MHz RF center frequency.
Table 3. Register Configuration
REG
ADDR
0x00 R00 VCO 4C VCO[1:0] VSUB[3:0] VDIV[1:0] 0x01 R01 NDIV INT 2B NINT[7:0] 0x02 R02 NDIV FRAC2 8E CPS CP RDIV[1:0] F[19:16] 0x03 R03 NDIV FRAC1 26 F[15:8]
0x04 R04
0x05 R05 MODE CTRL D8 LNA2G RFIN RFLPF CHBW TFB[1:0] IFSEL[1:0] 0x06 R06 TFS 30 TFS[7:0] 0x07 R07 TFP 12 TFP[5:0] 0x08 R08 SHUTDOWN 00 STBY SDRF SDMIX SDIF SDIFVG SDPD SDSYN SDVCO
0x09 R09 REF CONFIG 0A CPLIN[1:0] ALC[1:0] XODIV 0x0A R0A VAS CONFIG 17 LFDIV[1:0] VASS VAS ADL ADE LTC[1:0] 0x0B R0B PWRDET CFG1 43 DWPD WPDA[2:0] DNPD NPDA[2:0] 0x0C R0C PWRDET CFG2 01 PULLUP RFIFD[1:0] 0x0D R0D FILT CF ADJ ROM CFSET[5:0]
0x0E R0E ROM ADDR 00 ROMA[3:0]
0x0F R0F IRHR ROM IRHR[7:0]
0x10 R10 ROM READBACK RO ROMR[7:0]
0x11 R11 VAS STATUS RO VVCO[1:0] VVSB[3:0] VASA VASE
0x12 R12 GEN STATUS RO VCP TRIM POR VCOADC[2:0]
0x13 R13 BIAS ADJ 56 MIXGM LNA2B[1:0] MIXB[1:0] FILTB IFVGAB
0x14 R14 TEST1 40 RESERVED
0x15 R15 ROM WRITE DATA 00 ROMW[7:0]
Note: Registers should be written in the order of ascending addresses. When changing frequency, write R00 to R07 in order of ascending addresses to ensure proper VCO setup.
REG
NAME
REGISTER FUNCTION
NDIV FRAC0
(VAS Trigger)
TYPICAL
SETTING
MSB BIT LOCATION LSB
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
66 F[7:0]
10 _____________________________________________________________________________________
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Register and Bit Descriptions
Table 4. R00: VCO Register—VCO and LO Divider Control (Address: 00h)
BIT NAME
VCO[1:0] 7:6 01
VSUB[3:0] 5:2 0011
VDIV[1:0] 1:0 00
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
VCO select. Selects one of three VCOs when VAS = 0, or selects the VCO starting band when VASS = 0. 00 = Selects VCO1 (approximately 2200MHz to 2800MHz) 01 = Selects VCO2 (approximately 2800MHz to 3500MHz) 10 = Selects VCO3 (approximately 3500MHz to 4400MHz) 11 = VCO shutdown
VCO sub-band select. Selects one of 16 possible VCO sub-bands when VAS = 0, or selects the VCO starting sub-band when VASS = 0. 0000 = Selects SB0 … 1111 = Selects SB15
VCO divider ratio select. 00 = Sets VCO divider to 4 (use when fLO > 550MHz) 01 = Sets VCO divider to 8 (use when 275MHz < fLO < 550MHz) 10 = Sets VCO divider to 16 (use when 137.5MHz < fLO < 275MHz) 11 = Sets VCO divider to 32 (use when fLO < 137.5MHz)
Table 5. R01: NDIV INT Register—Integer Part of N-Divider (Address: 01h)
BIT NAME
NINT[7:0] 7:0
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
0010 1011
FUNCTION
Sets the PLL integer divide number (N)
MAX3544
Table 6. R02: NDIV FRAC2 Register—N-Divider Fractional Part [19:16] and R-Divider (Address: 02h)
BIT
NAME
CPS 7 1
CP 6 0 For Maxim use only
RDIV[1:0] 5:4 00
F[19:16] 3:0 1110 N-divider fractional part bits 19:16 (out of 19:0)
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Sets the charge-pump current-selection mode between automatic and manual. Must set to 1 for proper operation.
Reference divider. 00 = /1 01 = /2 1X = Maxim use only
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Table 7. R03: NDIV FRAC1 Register—N-Divider Fractional Part [15:8] (Address: 03h)
BIT NAME
F[15:8] 7:0 0010 0110 N-divider fractional part bits 15:8 (out of 19:0)
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL
SETTING
FUNCTION
Table 8. R04: NDIV FRAC0 Register—N-Divider Fractional Part [7:0] (Address: 04h)
MAX3544
BIT NAME
F[7:0] 7:0
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
Table 9. R05: MODE CTRL Register—Mode Control (Address: 05h)
BIT NAME
LNA2G 7 1
RFIN 6 1
RFLPF 5 0
CHBW 4 1
TFB[1:0] 3:2 10
IFSEL[1:0] 1:0 00
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL
SETTING
0110 0110
TYPICAL
SETTING
FUNCTION
N-divider fractional part bits 7:0 (out of 19:0). Writing this register also triggers VCO autoselect (VAS).
FUNCTION
Premixer gain configuration. Set to 1 for nominal gain. Set to 0 for approximately
2.5dB reduced gain.
0 = Selects RFINL input (for fRF < 345MHz) 1 = Selects RFINH input (for fRF > 345MHz)
0 = Disables RF LPF (for fRF > 110MHz) 1 = Enables RF LPF (for fRF < 110MHz)
0 = Sets IF BW to 7MHz mode 1 = Sets IF BW to 8MHz mode
Selects the tracking filter band of operation. 00 = VHFL (for fRF < 196MHz) 01 = VHFH (for 196MHz < fRF < 440MHz 10 = UHF (for fRF > 440MHz) 11 = Unused
IF output selection. 00 = IFOUT1 differential mode (for driving a differential bandpass filter) 01 = IFOUT1 single-ended (for driving a switched BW single-ended SAW filter) 10 = Unused 11 = Unused
Table 10. R06: TFS Register—Tracking Filter Series Capacitor (Address: 06h)
BIT
NAME
TFS[7:0] 7:0 N/A
12 _____________________________________________________________________________________
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Programs series capacitor values in the tracking filter. The value is determined from the values in the ROM table applied to an equation executed in the Maxim-provided device driver code.
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Table 11. R07: TFP Register—Tracking Filter Parallel Capacitor (Address: 07h)
MAX3544
BIT NAME
EMPTY 7:6 00 Empty
TFP[5:0] 5:0 N/A
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Programs parallel capacitor values in the tracking filter. The value is determined from the values in the ROM table applied to an equation executed in the Maxim­provided device driver code.
Table 12. R08: SHUTDOWN Register—Shutdown Control (Address: 08h)
BIT NAME
STBY 7 0
SDRF 6 0 RF shutdown. Must set to 0 for proper operation.
SDMIX 5 0 Mixer shutdown. Must set to 0 for proper operation.
SDIF 4 0 IF shutdown. Must set to 0 for proper operation.
SDIFVG
SDPD 2 0 Power-detector shutdown. Must set to 0 for proper operation.
SDSYN 1 0 Frequency synthesizer shutdown. Must set to 0 for proper operation.
SDVCO 0 0 VCO shutdown. Must set to 0 for proper operation.
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
3 0
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Standby. 1 = All circuits shut down except crystal oscillator and REFOUT
IF VGA shutdown. 0 = IF VGA enabled 1 = IF VGA disabled
Table 13. R09: REF CONFIG Register—Reference Oscillator Configuration (Address: 09h)
BIT NAME
EMPTY 7:5 000 Empty
CPLIN[1:0] 4:3 01 Must set to 01 for proper operation
ALC[1:0] 2:1 01 Must set to 01 for proper operation
XODIV 0 0
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Sets crystal oscillator divider for REFOUT signal when REFDIV pin is unconnected. 0: f 1: f
REFOUT REFOUT
= f = f
XTAL XTAL
/4
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Table 14. R0A: VAS CONFIG Register—VCO Autoselect Configuration (Address: 0Ah)
BIT NAME
LFDIV[1:0] 7:6 00
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
MAX3544
VASS 5 0
VAS 4 1 Controls the VCO autoselect (VAS) function. Must set to 1 for proper operation.
ADL 3 0
ADE 2 0
LTC[1:0] 1:0 10 Sets the VCO autoselect wait time. Must set to 10 for proper operation.
Note: Only production tested and guaranteed functional in states 0001 0010, 0101 0010, and 1001 0010. All other states are untested and may not function correctly. Contact Maxim if untested settings will be used in production.
TYPICAL
SETTING
FUNCTION
Sets the low-frequency clock-divider. 00 = Use for 16MHz ≤ f 01 = Use for 20MHz ≤ f 10 = Use for 28MHz ≤ f 11 = Unused
Controls the VCO autoselect (VAS) start conditions function. 0 = VAS starts from the current VCO/VCOSB loaded in the VCO[1:0] and VSUB[3:0] bits (in R00) 1 = VAS starts from the currently used VCO and VCOSB
Enables or disables the VCO tuning voltage ADC latch when the VCO autoselect (VAS) mode is disabled. 0 = Disables the ADC latch 1 = Latches the ADC value
Enables or disables VCO tuning voltage ADC read when the VCO autoselect (VAS) mode is disabled. 0 = Disables ADC read 1 = Enables ADC read
< 20MHz
REF
< 28MHz
REF
≤ 32MHz
REF
Table 15. R0B: PWRDET CFG1 Register—Power-Detector Configuration 1 of 2 (Address: 0Bh)
BIT NAME
DWPD 7 0
WPDA[2:0] 6:4 100
DNPD 3 0
NPDA[2:0] 2:0 011
Note: Only production tested and guaranteed functional in state X100 X011, where X can be either 0 or 1. All other states are untested and may not function correctly. Contact Maxim if untested settings will be used in production.
14 _____________________________________________________________________________________
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Enables or disables wideband power detector. Use this state for autonomous RFAGC. 0 = Enables wideband power detector 1 = Disables wideband power detector
Sets the wideband power-detector attack point (takeover point). 000 = Min 100 = Nom (see the Typical Operating Characteristics) 111 = Max
Enables or disables narrowband power detector. Use this state for autonomous RFAGC. 0 = Enables narrowband detector 1 = Disables narrowband detector
Sets the narrowband power-detector attack point (takeover point). 000 = Min 011 = Nom (see the Typical Operating Characteristics) 111 = Max
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Table 16. R0C: PWRDET CFG2 Register—Power-Detector Configuration 2 of 2 (Address: 0Ch)
MAX3544
BIT NAME
EMPTY 7:3 0000 0 Empty
PULLUP 2 0 Must set to 0 for proper operation
RFIFD[1:0] 1:0 01
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
RF IF AGC diode voltage. 00 = Approximately 0.6V 01 = Approximately 0.95V 10 = Approximately 1.3V 11 = Off
Table 17. R0D: FILT CF ADJ Register—IF Filter Center Frequency and BW Adjustment (Address: 0Dh)
BIT NAME
EMPTY 7:6 00 Empty
CFSET[5:0] 5:0 ROM
Note: Only production tested and guaranteed functional in factory-trimmed state from ROM table. All other states are untested and may not function correctly. Contact Maxim if untested settings will be used in production.
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Sets the IF filter center frequency and bandwidth. For proper operation, must read value from ROM address A[5:0] and write that value to this register.
Table 18. R0E: ROM ADDR Register—ROM Address (Address: 0Eh)
BIT NAME
EMPTY 7:4 00 Empty
ROMA[3:0] 3:0 0000
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Address bits of the ROM register to be read or written. Must set to 0000 when not reading the ROM table.
Table 19. R0F: IRHR Register (Address: 0Fh )
BIT NAME
IRHR[7:0] 7:0 ROM
Note: Only production tested and guaranteed functional in factory-trimmed state from ROM table. All other states are untested and may not function correctly.
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
For proper operation, must read value from ROM address B[7:0] and write that value to this register.
Table 20. R10: ROM READBACK Register—ROM Readback (Address: 10h)
BIT NAME
ROMR[7:0] 7:0 N/A Data bits read from the ROM table address as specified by R0E[3:0]
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Table 21. R11: VAS STATUS Register—VCO Autoselect Status (Address: 11h)
BIT NAME
VVCO[1:0] 7:6 N/A
MAX3544
VVSB[3:0] 5:2 N/A
VASA 1 N/A
VASE 0 N/A
Note: Not production tested or guaranteed functional.
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
Table 22. R12: GEN STATUS Register—General Status (Address: 12h)
BIT NAME
EMPTY 7:6 N/A Empty
VCP 5 N/A Maxim use only
TRIM 4 N/A Maxim use only
POR 3 N/A Maxim use only
VCOADC
[2:0]
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
2:0 N/A
TYPICAL SETTING
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Indicates which VCO has been selected by either the autoselect state machine or by manual selection when the VSA state machine is disabled. See the R00 descrip­tion for the VCO[1:0] definition.
Indicates which sub-band of a particular VCO has been selected by either the autoselect state machine or by manual selection when the VSA state machine is disabled. See the R00 description for the VSUB[3:0] definition.
Indicates whether VCO autoselection was successful. 0 = Indicates the autoselect function is disabled or unsuccessful VCO selection 1 = Indicates successful VCO autoselection
Status indicator for the autoselect function. 0 = Indicates the autoselect function is active 1 = Indicates the autoselect process is inactive
FUNCTION
VCO tuning voltage indicators. 000 = PLL not in lock, tune to the next lowest sub-band 001 to 110 = PLL in lock 111 = PLL not in lock, tune to the next higher sub-band
Note: Not production tested or guaranteed functional.
Table 23. R13: BIAS ADJ Register—Bias Adjustments (Address: 13h)
BIT NAME
EMPTY 7 0 Empty
MIXGM 6 1
LNA2B[1:0] 5:4 01
16 _____________________________________________________________________________________
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL SETTING
FUNCTION
Mixer gain setting. Set to 1 for nominal gain. Set to 0 for approximately 2dB reduced gain.
LNA bias. 00 = Unused 01 = Nominal setting 10 = Unused 11 = Highest linearity setting
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Table 23. R13: BIAS ADJ Register—Bias Adjustments (Address: 13h) (continued)
BIT NAME
MIXB[1:0] 3:2 01
FILTB 1 1 Must set to 1 for proper operation
IFVGAB 0 0
Note: Only production tested and guaranteed functional in state 0XX1 X11X, where X can be either 1 or 0. All other states are untested and may not function correctly. Contact Maxim if untested settings will be used in production.
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
Table 24. R14: TEST1 Register (Address: 14h)
BIT NAME
RESERVED 7:0
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
TYPICAL
SETTING
TYPICAL SETTING
0100 0000
FUNCTION
Mixer bias. 00 = Unused 01 = Nominal setting 10 = Unused 11 = Highest linearity setting
IF VGA bias. 0 = Default 1 = Highest current (approximately nominal + 6mA)
FUNCTION
Must set to 0100 0000 for proper operation
MAX3544
Note: This register is not available to the end user.
Table 25. R15: ROM WRITE DATA Register (Address: 15h)
BIT NAME
ROMW[7:0] 7:0 N/A Maxim use only
Note: This register is not available to the end user.
BIT LOCATION
(0 = LSB)
Applications Information
The MAX3544 features separate low- and high-frequency inputs. These two inputs are combined to a single input by an off-chip diplexer circuit as shown in the Typical Application Circuit. When the desired channel is less than 345MHz, use RFINL. When the desired input is greater than 345MHz, use RFINH. Further, when the desired input is less than 110MHz, an internal lowpass filter should be enabled to limit high-frequency interfer­ence incident at the mixer input. The lowpass filter is enabled by the RFLPF bit in R05[5].
Besides selecting the appropriate input port and setting
TYPICAL SETTING
RF Inputs and Filters
FUNCTION
RFLPF appropriately, one of three tracking filters must be chosen based on the desired frequency. Set TFB (R05[3:2]) to select VHFL, VHFH, or UHF tracking filter bands. Use VHFL when the desired frequency is less than 196MHz, use VHFH when the desired frequency is between 196MHz and 440MHz, or use UHF when the desired frequency is greater than 440MHz.
The MAX3544 is designed to control its own RF gain based on internally measured signal and blocker levels. The user can adjust the AGC attack points (takeover points) by setting WDPA and NDPA in register R0B. Alternatively, the user can control the RF gain by driving the RFVGC input pin.
RF Gain Control
______________________________________________________________________________________ 17
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Table 26. ROM Table
DESCRIPTION ADDR MSB DATA BYTE LSB
BIAS 0x0 Unused BIAS[3:0]
VHF-Low Tracking Filter. VLS0, VLS1, VLP0, VLP1
VHF-High Tracking Filter.
MAX3544
VHS0, VHS1, VHP0, VHP1
UHF Tracking Filter. US0, US1, UP0, UP1
IF Filter 0xA Unused Unused C[5] C[4] C[3] C[2] C[1] C[0] IRHR 0xB IRHR[7] IRHR[6] IRHR[5] IRHR[4] IRHR[3] IRHR[2] IRHR[1] IRHR[0] Reserved 0xC Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved
0x1 VLS0[5] VLS0[4] VLS0[3] VLS0[2] VLS0[1] VLS0[0] VLS1[5] VLS1[4] 0x2 VLS1[3] VLS1[2] VLS1[1] VLS1[0] VLP0[5] VLP0[4] VLP0[3] VLP0[2] 0x3 VLP0[1] VLP0[0] VLP1[5] VLP1[4] VLP1[3] VLP1[2] VLP1[1] VLP1[0] 0x4 VHS0[5] VHS0[4] VHS0[3] VHS0[2] VHS0[1] VHS0[0] VHS1[5] VHS1[4] 0x5 VHS1[3] VHS1[2] VHS1[1] VHS1[0] VHP0[5] VHP0[4] VHP0[3] VHP0[2] 0x6 VHP0[1] VHP0[0] VHP1[5] VHP1[4] VHP1[3] VHP1[2] VHP1[1] VHP1[0] 0x7 US0[5] US0[4] US0[3] US0[2] US0[1] US0[0] US1[5] US1[4] 0x8 US1[3] US1[2] US1[1] US1[0] UP0[5] UP0[4] UP0[3] UP0[2] 0x9 UP0[1] UP0[0] UP1[5] UP1[4] UP1[3] UP1[2] UP1[1] UP1[0]
VCO and VCO Divider Selection
The MAX3544 frequency synthesizer includes three VCOs with 16 sub-bands for each VCO. These VCOs and sub-bands are selected to best center the VCO near the operating frequency. This selection process is performed automatically by the VAS circuitry. The Maxim driver software seeds the VCO starting band for fastest selection time.
In addition to VCO selection, a VCO divider value of 32, 16, 8, or 4 must be selected to provide the desired mixer LO drive frequency. The divider is selected by VDIV in register R00[1:0].
Reading the ROM Table
The MAX3544 includes 13 ROM registers to store fac­tory calibration data (see Table 26). Each ROM table entry must be read using a two-step process. First, the address of the ROM bits to be read must be pro­grammed into the ROM ADDR register (R0E[3:0]).
Once the address has been programmed, the data stored in that address is automatically transferred to the ROM READBACK register (R10[7:0]). The ROM data at the specified address can then be read from the ROM READBACK register and stored in the microprocessor’s
local memory. After all ROM registers have been read and stored in the microprocessor’s local memory, ROM ADDR must be programmed to 00 for proper operation.
Setting RF Tracking Filter Codes
The MAX3544 includes a programmable tracking filter for each band of operation to optimize rejection of out­of-band interference while minimizing insertion loss for the desired received signal. The center frequency of each tracking filter is selected by a switched-capacitor array that is programmed by the TFS[7:0] bits in the R06 register and the TFP[5:0] bits in the R07 register.
Optimal tracking filter settings for each channel vary from part to part due to process variations. To accommodate part-to-part variations, each part is factory calibrated by Maxim. During calibration the correction factors for the series and parallel tracking capacitor arrays are calculat­ed and written into an internal ROM table. The user must read the ROM table upon power-up and store the data in local memory (8 bytes total) to calculate the optimal TFS and TFP settings for each channel. The equation for setting TFS and TFP at each channel is available in the device driver code provided by Maxim. Table 26 shows the address and bits for each ROM table entry.
18 _____________________________________________________________________________________
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Layout Recommendations
IMPORTANT: The MAX3544 includes on-chip track­ing filters that utilize external inductors placed on the PCB at pins 30 through 37. Because the tracking filters operate at frequencies up to 862MHz, they are sensitive to the inductor and PCB trace parasitics. To achieve the optimal RF performance (gain, noise figure, and image rejection), the MAX3544 is production tested and trimmed with the exact inductors, their relative location and orientation, and the trace parasitics present on the MAX3544 Reference Design. To avoid performance degradation, PCB designs should exactly copy the RF section of the Reference Design layout and use the inductors specified in the Reference Design bill of mate­rials. Contact Maxim to obtain the Reference Design layout to use as a starting point for PCB designs.
In addition to the aforementioned requirements, follow general good RF layout practices. Keep RF signal lines
as short as possible to minimize losses and radiation. Use controlled impedance on all high-frequency traces. The exposed paddle must be soldered evenly to the board’s ground plane for proper operation. Use abun­dant vias beneath the exposed paddle and maximize the area of continuous ground plane around the paddle on the bottom layer for maximum heat dissipation. Use abundant ground vias between RF traces to minimize undesired coupling.
To minimize coupling between different sections of the IC, the ideal power-supply layout is a star configuration, which has a large decoupling capacitor at the central VCC node. The VCC traces branch out from this node, with each trace going to separate VCC pins of the MAX3544. Each VCC pin must have a bypass capaci­tor with a low impedance to ground at the frequency of interest. Do not share ground vias among multiple con­nections to the PCB ground plane.
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE
TYPE
40 TQFN-EP T4066+2
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE
NO.
21-0141 90-0053
LAND PATTERN
NO.
MAX3544
______________________________________________________________________________________ 19
Multiband Digital Television Tuner
Revision History
REVISION
NUMBER
0 7/10 Initial release
REVISION
DATE
MAX3544
DESCRIPTION
PAGES
CHANGED
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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©
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