The MAX3270 is a complete Clock Recovery and Data
Retiming IC for 155Mbps and 622Mbps SDH/SONET
and ATM applications. The MAX3270 meets Bellcore
and CCITT jitter tolerance specifications ensuring errorfree data recovery. Recovered clock and data are
phase aligned using a fully integrated phase-locked
loop (PLL). An output frequency monitor (FM) is included to detect loss of PLL acquisition or a loss of input
data.
The MAX3270 has differential ECL input and output
interfaces, so it is less susceptible to noise in a highfrequency environment. The fully integrated PLL
includes an integrated phase-frequency detector that
eliminates the need for external references.
________________________Applications
155Mbps (STM-1/OC-3)/622Mbps (STM-4/
OC-12) SDH/SONET Transmission Systems
BYPASS SUPPLIES WITH 0.1µF AND 0.01µF CAPACITORS.
DECOUPLE AVEE1, AVEE2, AND GVEE SUPPLY PINS.
2.2µF
8
10
2.2µF
6
Maxim Integrated Products
-4.5V
450Ω
20Ω
20Ω
Call toll free 1-800-998-8800 for free samples or literature.
1
155Mbps/622Mbps Clock Recovery and
Data Retiming IC with Fully Integrated
Phase/Frequency Detector
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltages
VTTL to GND .....................................................-0.5V to +8.0V
to GND.......................................................-0.5V to +8.0V
V
CC
to GND........................................................-8.0V to +0.5V
V
EE
SDIP, SDIN, EXC...................................................-8.0V to +0.5V
RDOP, RDON, RCOP, RCON, CRP.......................-8.0V to +0.5V
EXCS, RST, CRS....................................................-0.5V to +8.0V
FILP, FILG, FILN....................................................-8.0V to +0.5V
MAX3270
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Guard-Ring Negative Supply to Substrate: -4.5VGVEE1
Negative Supply for Input Buffers: -4.5VAVEE12
Serial Data Input: 155Mbps or 622Mbps. Differential ECL Positive.SDIP3
Serial Data Input: 155Mbps or 622Mbps. Differential ECL Negative.SDIN4
MAX3270
FM6
14EXCExternal Clock. Single-ended ECL input.
15, 16AVCCGround for VCO: 0V
17, 19, 38,
39
18CRS
20RSTResets all digital flip-flops, TTL input. Reset is assert when low.
21, 22, 34,
35, 36
23, 33, 37,
40, 43, 44
24, 27, 29,
32
25RDONNegative Recovered Data Output, differential ECL output: 155Mbps or 622Mbps.
26RDOPPositive Recovered Data Output, differential ECL output: 155Mbps or 622Mbps.
28CRPClock-Reference Output Divide-by-4. ECL low-power single-ended: 38Mbps or 155Mbps.
30RCONNegative Recovered Clock Output, differential ECL output: 155Mbps or 622Mbps.
31RCOPPositive Recovered Clock Output, differential ECL output: 155Mbps or 622Mbps.
41PHADJ
42VRPhase Reference Voltage: 0V. The PHADJ pin compares to this voltage. Set to ground.
DVCCDigital Ground for Mux: 0V
DVEEDigital Negative Supply: -4.5V
N.C.No Connection
OVCCOutput Driver Ground: 0V
Ground for Input Buffers: 0VAVCC5
Frequency Monitor Output. This pin monitors the input voltage to the VCO. When the PLL is locked,
the pin will be ≅ 0V.
Guard-Ring Positive Supply to Epi: 0VAVCC7
Loop Filter Ground. This pin connects to an external filter.FILG8
Loop Filter Positive. This pin connects to an external filter.FILP9
Loop Filter Negative. This pin connects to an external filter.FILN10
TTL Positive Supply: +5.0VVTTL11
Negative Supply for VCO: -4.5VAVEE212
External Clock-Select TTL Input. A logical high selects the external clock.EXCS13
Clock-Rate Select TTL Input. This selects the clock rate to be either 155Mbps or 622Mbps. A logichigh level selects the 622Mbps mode.
Phase Adjust. This is an analog adjustment that varies the static phase between the input data and
the recovered clock. If not used, this input should be grounded. The range is from -1V to 1V.
The block diagram of Figure 1 shows the MAX3270’s
architecture. The phase-locked loop (PLL) consists of a
phase/frequency detector (PFD), a loop filter amplifier,
and a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).
Phase Detector
The phase detector produces a voltage proportional to
the phase difference of the incoming data and the output of the recovered clock. Because of its feedback
nature, the PLL will drive the error voltage to zero, making the phase difference zero and aligning the recovered clock to the incoming data. An external
phase-adjustment pin (PHADJ) allows the user to vary
phase alignment.
Frequency Detector
A frequency detector is also incorporated into the PLL.
Frequency detection aids in the acquisition of the input
data; this frequency-aided acquisition is necessary during start-up conditions, since the input data stream and
VCO difference frequency may be outside the PLL
bandwidth. The input data stream is sampled by quadrature components of the VCO clock, generating a difference frequency. Depending on the rotation of the
difference frequency, the PFD will drive the VCO so that
the difference frequency is driven to zero. Once frequency acquisition is obtained, the frequency detector
will return to a neutral state.
Loop Filter and VCO
The PLL is a second-order transfer function whose
bandwidth is set by the loop filter. The VCO is integrated into the PLL and always operates at 622MHz. The
center frequency is tightly controlled by laser trimming,
limiting frequency drift when lock is lost. 155Mbps or
622Mbps mode is selected by the clock-rate select
(CRS) pin. CRS selects the inputs to multiplexer MUX2.
The internal VCO can be bypassed with an external
clock applied to the EXC input. The external clock
select (EXCS) controls the input selections to multiplexers MUX1 and MUX2.
155Mbps/622Mbps Clock Recovery and
Data Retiming IC with Fully Integrated
Phase/Frequency Detector
__________________Design Procedure
The MAX3270 is intended for use in SDH/SONET sys-
Selecting the Data Rate
tems operating at 155.52Mbps or 622.08Mbps data
rates. TTL inputs (CRS and EXCS) are provided for
selecting the recovered clock rate (Table 1). It is also
possible to switch to an externally supplied clock by
enabling the EXC input. The EXC input is a high-speed
MAX3270
single-ended ECL interface capable of handling serial
clock rates of 155MHz and 622MHz.
The loop filter within the PLL consist of a transconductance amplifier and the external filter elements Rf and
Cf (Figure 2). The closed-loop bandwidth of a PLL can
be approximated by:
where KDis the gain of the phase detector, KO is the
gain of the VCO, and Gm is the transconductance of
the filter amplifier. Because this filter is an integrator, a
zero in the open-loop gain is required for stability. This
zero is set by the following equation:
where the recommended external values are Rf = 20Ω
and Cf = 2.2µF. To decrease the PLL’s closed-loop
bandwidth, reduce the value of Rf. Decreasing this
bandwidth will improve the MAX3270’s jitter transfer
performance but reduce jitter tolerance. The MAX3270
has been designed (using the recommended values of
Rf and Cf) to meet the Bellcore and CCITT specifications for jitter tolerance of a Network Element. Carefully
consider the application if a reduction in loop bandwidth is desired. By reducing Rf an order of magnitude,
the PLL’s bandwidth becomes more sensitive to the
internal tolerances of the IC. As a result, the loop bandwidth may have a wider variation. If Rf is reduced, then
Cf should also be increased to maintain loop stability
and minimize jitter peaking.
Setting the Loop Filter
KDKOGm Rf
wz= 1 / (Rf Cf)
MAX3270
Gm
FILP
Rf
Cf
Figure 2. Loop Filter
RECOVERED DATA OUTPUT
13
-1 PRBS WITH 200 CONSECUTIVE ONES
(2
200 ONES
Figure 3. Recovered Data Output
BER <10
12
-
100ns/div2.532µs1.532µs
The MAX3270 is optimally designed to acquire lock
and to provide a bit-error rate (BER) of less than 10
for long strings of consecutive zeros or ones. Using the
recommended external values for Rf = 20Ω and Cf =
2.2µF, measured results show that the MAX3270 can
tolerate more than 200 consecutive ones or zeros.
Figure 3 shows a bit stream of 213- 1 PRBS with 200
consecutive ones.
The MAX3270 data and clock I/Os (SDIP, SDIN, RDOP,
RDON, RCOP, RCON, and EXC) are open emitters,
designed to interface with ECL signal levels. It is important to bias these ports appropriately. A circuit that provides a Thevenin equivalent of 50Ω to -2V should be
used with fixed-impedance transmission lines for proper termination. Figure 4 shows some typical input and
output termination methods.
The serial data input signals (SDIP and SDIN) are the
differential inputs to an emitter coupled pair. As a result,
the MAX3270 can accept differential input signal levels
as low as 250mV. The serial input (SDIP) can also be
driven single-ended by externally biasing SDIN to the
center of the voltage swing (approximately -1.3V). Make
sure that the differential inputs and outputs each see the
same termination impedance for balanced operation.
CRP is also an open-emitter ECL output, but it requires
a termination resistor of 450Ω to -4.5V. If this output is
not used, reduce power by connecting CRP to V
through a resistor valued at 10kΩ or more.
The MAX3270’s performance can be greatly affected
by circuit board layout and design. Use good high-frequency design techniques, including minimizing
ground inductances and using fixed-impedance transmission lines on the data and clock signals. Power-
Input and Output Termination
EE
supply decoupling should be placed as close to the
VEE and VTTL pins as possible. AVEE1, AVEE2 and
GVEE should each have their own bypass/decoupling
elements, independent of each other and any other -
4.5V supply. Make sure to isolate the inputs from the
outputs to reduce feedthrough.
__________Applications Information
Lock Detection
The MAX3270 has an output (FM) that monitors the input
voltage to the VCO. FM is an analog output that can be
used as a flag to indicate that the PLL is locked. Under
normal operation, the loop is locked and the FM output
is approximately equal to 0V. When the PLL is unlocked,
the VCO will drift. The FM output monitors this drift and
will equal approximately ±1V in the limit.
Phase Adjust
In some applications, the optimum alignment point
between the recovered clock and the serial data is not
at the center of the eye diagram. The MAX3270 has a
PHADJ input that can be used in these applications to
introduce a phase difference between the recovered
clock and the serial data. When no phase difference is
desired, this input should be set to 0V. The VR pin is the
reference input for PHADJ and is normally tied to GND.
155Mbps/622Mbps Clock Recovery and
Data Retiming IC with Fully Integrated
Phase/Frequency Detector
MAX3270
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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__________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600
12
__________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 737-7600