MAXIM MAX2838 Technical data

General Description
The MAX2838 direct-conversion, zero-IF, RF transceiv­er is designed specifically for 3.3GHz to 3.9GHz wire­less broadband systems. The MAX2838 completely integrates all circuitry required to implement the RF transceiver function, providing RF-to-baseband receive path, baseband-to-RF transmit path, VCO, frequency synthesizer, and baseband/control interface. The device includes a fast-settling sigma-delta RF synthe­sizer with smaller than 29Hz frequency steps. The MAX2838 supports 2Tx, 2Rx MIMO applications with a master device providing coherent LO to the slave device. The transceiver IC also integrates circuits for on-chip DC-offset cancellation, I/Q error, and carrier­leakage detection circuits. Only an RF bandpass filter (BPF), TCXO, RF switch, PA, and a small number of passive components are needed to form a complete wireless broadband RF radio solution.
The MAX2838 completely eliminates the need for an external SAW filter by implementing on-chip monolithic filters for both the receiver and transmitter. The base­band filters along with the Rx and Tx signal paths are optimized to meet the stringent noise figure and lineari­ty specifications. The device supports up to 2048-FFT OFDM and implements programmable channel filters for 1.5MHz to 28MHz RF channel bandwidths. The transceiver requires only 2µs Tx-Rx switching time. The IC is available in a small 48-pin thin QFN package mea­suring only 6mm x 6mm x 0.8mm.
Applications
802.16-2004/802.16d Fixed WiMAX™
802.16e MIMO Mobile WiMAX
WiMAX Pico and Femto Basestations
NLOS Wireless Broadband Systems
Features
3.3GHz to 3.9GHz Wide-Band OperationMaster-Slave Modes with Coherent LO for MIMOComplete RF Transceiver, and PA Driver
0dBm Linear OFDM Transmit Power
-70dBr Tx Spectral Emission Mask
2.8dB Rx Noise Figure Tx/Rx I/Q Error and LO Leakage Detection and
Adjustment Automatic Rx DC Offset Correction Monolithic Low-Noise VCO with -39dBc Integrated
Phase Noise Programmable Rx I/Q Lowpass Channel Filters Programmable Tx I/Q Lowpass Anti-Aliasing Filter Sigma-Delta Fractional-N PLL with 29Hz Step Size 60dB Tx Gain Control Range with 1dB Step Size,
Digitally Controlled 94dB Rx Gain Control Range with 2dB Step Size,
Digitally Controlled 60dB Analog RSSI Instantaneous Dynamic Range 4-Wire SPI™ Digital Interface I/Q Analog Baseband Interface Digital Tx/Rx/Shutdown Mode Control Low-Power CLOCKOUT Mode On-Chip Digital Temperature Sensor Readout
+2.7V to +3.6V Transceiver SupplyLow-Power Shutdown ModeSmall 48-Pin Thin QFN Package (6mm x 6mm x 0.8mm)
MAX2838
3.3GHz to 3.9GHz
Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
1
Pin Configuration
Ordering Information
19-1049; Rev 1; 8/08
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
*
EP = Exposed paddle.
+
Denotes a lead-free package.
T = Tape and reel.
WiMAX is a trademark of the WiMAX Forum. SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.
PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
M AX 2838E TM + T- 40°C to + 85°C 48 TQ FN - E P *
VCCRXLNA
GNDRXLNA
RXRF+
RXRF-
VCCTXPAD
TXRF+
TXRF-
TXBBI-
TXBBI+
TXBBQ+
TXBBQ-
VCCRXMX
RXTX
ENABLE
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37
+
1
2
3
B5
4
5
6
B4
7
8
B3
B2
9
10
11
12
B1
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
PABIAS
VCCTMX
MAX2838
CS
SCLK
VCCDIG
CLKOUT
48 THIN QFN
REFCLK
VCCRXFL
VCCCP
RXHP
GNDCP
VCCRXVGA
CPOUT+
RXBBI+
CPOUT-
RXBBI-
GNDVCO
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
RXBBQ+
RXBBQ-
B6
B7
RSSI
DIN
DOUT
EXTVCO+
EXTVCO-
VCCLO
VCCVCO
VCOBYP
MAX2838
3.3GHz to 3.9GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2838 Evaluation Kit, VCC_ = 2.7V to 3.6V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, ENABLE and RXTX set according to operating mode, CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, transmitter and receiver in maximum gain, no input signal at RF inputs, all RF inputs and outputs terminated into 50Ω, receiver baseband outputs are open. 90mV
RMS
differential I and Q signals (1MHz) applied to I and Q baseband inputs of transmitter in transmit mode, all registers set to recommended settings and corresponding test mode, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at V
CC
= 2.8V, fLO= 3.6GHz, and TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
V
CC_
Pins to GND..................................................-0.3V to +3.6V
RF Inputs: RXRF+, RXRF-, EXTVCO+,
EXTVCO- to GND ................................................-0.3V to +3.6V
RF Outputs: TXRF+, TXRF-, EXTVCO+,
EXTVCO- to GND ................................................-0.3V to +3.6V
Analog Inputs: TXBBI+, TXBBI-, TXBBQ+,
TXBBQ-, REFCLK to GND ...................................-0.3V to +3.6V
Analog Outputs: RXBBI+, RXBBI-, RXBBQ+,
RXBBQ-, RSSI, VCOBYP, CPOUT+, CPOUT-,
PABIAS to GND ...................................................-0.3V to +3.6V
Digital Inputs: ENABLE, RXTX, CS, SCLK,
DIN, RXHP B1–B7 to GND ..................................-0.3V to +3.6V
Digital Outputs: DOUT, CLKOUT to GND .............-0.3V to +3.6V
Short-Circuit Duration
Analog Outputs: RXBBI+, RXBBI-, RXBBQ+,
RSSI, VCOBYP,RXBBQ-, CPOUT+, CPOUT-,
PABIAS, TXRF-, TXRF+ ......................................................10s
Digital Outputs: DOUT, CLKOUT .........................................10s
RF Input Power: RXRF+, RXRF- .....................................+15dBm
RF Output Differential Load VSWR: TXRF+, TXRF- .................6:1
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
48-Pin Thin QFN (derate 37mW/°C above +70°C) ...... > 2.96W
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
CAUTION! ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
PARAMETERS CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Supply Voltage V
Supply Current
Rx I/Q Output Common-Mode Voltage
CC_
S hutd ow n m ode TA = +25°C 12 µA
Standby mode, see Tables 1 and 2
Rx mode, see Tables 1 and 2
Tx mode, see Tables 1 and 2
Rx calibration mode, see Tables 1 and 2
Tx calibration mode, see Tables 1 and 2
D9:D8 = 00 in A4:A0 = 00100 0.8 1.0 1.2
D9:D8 = 01 in A4:A0 = 00100 1.1
D9:D8 = 10 in A4:A0 = 00100 1.2
D9:D8 = 11 in A4:A0 = 00100 1.35
Single configuration 35 52
MIMO master configuration 44
MIMO slave configuration 11
Single configuration 103 133
MIMO master configuration 112
MIMO slave configuration 80
Single configuration 152 186
MIMO master configuration 160
MIMO slave configuration 128
Single configuration 142 182
MIMO master configuration 151
MIMO slave configuration 119
Single configuration 111 145
MIMO master configuration 120
MIMO slave configuration 88
2.7 2.8 3.6 V
mA
V
MAX2838
3.3GHz to 3.9GHz
Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Rx MODE
(MAX2838 Evaluation Kit, VCC_ = 2.8V, TA= +25°C, fLO= 3.6GHz, fRF= 3.601GHz, receiver baseband I/Q outputs at 90mV
RMS
, f
REF
= 40MHz, CS = ENABLE = RXTX = high, SCLK = DIN = low, channel bandwidth BW = 7MHz, with power matching for the RF inputs using the typical applications and registers set to default settings and corresponding test mode, unless otherwise noted. Unmodulated single-tone RF input signal is used with specifications that normally apply over the entire operating conditions, unless otherwise indicated. Rx I/Q differential output load impedance = 10kΩ || 8pF.) (Note 1)
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(MAX2838 Evaluation Kit, VCC_ = 2.7V to 3.6V, TA= -40°C to +85°C, ENABLE and RXTX set according to operating mode, CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, transmitter and receiver in maximum gain, no input signal at RF inputs, all RF inputs and outputs terminated into 50Ω, receiver baseband outputs are open. 90mV
RMS
differential I and Q signals (1MHz) applied to I and Q baseband inputs of transmitter in transmit mode, all registers set to recommended settings and corresponding test mode, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at V
CC
= 2.8V, fLO= 3.6GHz, and TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETERS CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Tx Baseband Input Common­Mode Voltage Operating Range
Tx Baseband Input Bias Current Source current 8 20 µA
LOGIC INPUTS: ENABLE, RXTX, SCLK, DIN, CS, B1:B7, RXHP
Digital Input Voltage High, V
Digital Input Voltage Low, V
Digital Input Current High, I
Digital Input Current Low, I
LOGIC OUTPUTS: DOUT
Digital Output Voltage High, V
Digital Output Voltage Low, V
DC-coupled 0.5 1.2 V
IH
IL
IH
IL
Sourcing 100µA V
OH
Sinking 100µA 0.4 V
OL
V
- 0.4 V
C C
0.4 V
-1 +1 µA
-1 +1 µA
- 0.4 V
C C
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
RECEIVER SECTION: LNA RF INPUT TO BASEBAND I/Q OUTPUTS
RF Input Frequency Range 3.3 3.9 GHz
Peak-to-Peak Gain Variation over RF Input Frequency Range
RF Input Return Loss All LNA settings 10 dB
Total Voltage Gain TA = -40°C to +85°C
Gain Change Settling Time
Baseband Gain Range
Baseb and Gai n M i ni m um S tep S i ze 2dB
Tested at band edges and band center 1.8 dB
Maximum gain, B7:B1 = 0000000 88 98
Minimum gain, B7:B1 = 1111111 5 10
From max RF gain to max RF Gain - 8dB 8
From max RF gain to max RF gain - 16dB 16RF Gain Steps
From max RF gain to max RF gain - 32dB 32
Any RF or baseband gain change; gain settling to within ±1dB of steady state; RXHP = 1
Any RF or baseband gain change; gain settling to within ±0.1dB of steady state; RXHP = 1
Fr om m axi m um b aseb and g ai n ( B5:B1 = 00000) to m i ni m um b aseb and g ai n ( B5:B1 = 11111)
200
500
62 dB
dB
dB
ns
MAX2838
3.3GHz to 3.9GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Rx MODE (continued)
(MAX2838 Evaluation Kit, VCC_ = 2.8V, TA= +25°C, fLO= 3.6GHz, fRF= 3.601GHz, receiver baseband I/Q outputs at 90mV
RMS
, f
REF
= 40MHz, CS = ENABLE = RXTX = high, SCLK = DIN = low, channel bandwidth BW = 7MHz, with power matching for the RF inputs using the typical applications and registers set to default settings and corresponding test mode, unless otherwise noted. Unmodulated single-tone RF input signal is used with specifications that normally apply over the entire operating conditions, unless otherwise indicated. Rx I/Q differential output load impedance = 10kΩ || 8pF.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
DSB Noise Figure
In-Band Input P-1dB
Maximum Output Signal Level
Out-of-Band Input IP3 (Note 2)
I/Q Phase Error 1MHz baseband output; 1 σ variation, TA = +25°C 0.15 D eg r ees
I/Q Gain Imbalance 1MHz baseband output; 1 σ variation, TA = +25°C 0.05 dB
I/Q Output DC Droop
I/Q Static DC Offset
Loopback Gain (for Receiver I/Q Calibration)
RECEIVER BASEBAND FILTERS
Baseband Highpass Filter Corner Frequency
Voltage gain 65dB with max RF gain (B7:B6 = 00) 2.9
V ol tag e g ai n = 50d B w i th m ax RF g ai n - 8d B ( B7:B6 = 01) 7.9
V ol tag e g ai n = 45d B w i th m ax RF g ai n - 16d B ( B7:B6 = 10) 13.7
V ol tag e g ai n = 15d B w i th m ax RF g ai n - 32d B ( B7:B6 = 11) 31.4
Max RF gain (B7:B6 = 00) -35
Max RF gain - 8dB (B7:B6 = 01) -27
Max RF gain - 16dB (B7:B6 = 10) -19
Max RF gain - 32dB (B7:B6 = 11) -3
Over passband frequency range; at any gain setting; 1dB compression point, differential output
Max RF gain (B7:B6 = 00), AGC set for -65dBm wanted signal
Max RF gain - 8dB (B7:B6 = 01), AGC set for -55dBm wanted signal
Max RF gain - 16dB (B7:B6 = 10), AGC set for -40dBm wanted signal
Max RF gain - 32dB (B7:B6 = 11), AGC set for -30dBm wanted signal
After completion of default power-on on-chip DC cancellation, 1 σ variation
N o RF i np ut si g nal ; B7:B1 = 0000000, after com p l eti on of d efaul t p ow er - on on- chi p D C cancel l ati on, 1 σ var i ati on
Tr ansm itter I/Q i nput to r ecei ver I/Q outp ut; tr ansm i tter B6:B1 = 000011, r ecei ver B5:B1 = 10011 p r og r am m ed thr oug h S P I
Corner frequency 1 600
Corner frequency 2 100
Corner frequency 3 30
Corner frequency 4 1
Corner frequency 5 0.1
-7.0 -2 +2.5 dB
2.5 V
-10
-5
-4
+23
±1 V/s
±1.0 mV
dBm
dBm
dB
P-P
kHz
MAX2838
3.3GHz to 3.9GHz
Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Rx MODE (continued)
(MAX2838 Evaluation Kit, VCC_ = 2.8V, TA= +25°C, fLO= 3.6GHz, fRF= 3.601GHz, receiver baseband I/Q outputs at 90mV
RMS
, f
REF
= 40MHz, CS = ENABLE = RXTX = high, SCLK = DIN = low, channel bandwidth BW = 7MHz, with power matching for the RF inputs using the typical applications and registers set to default settings and corresponding test mode, unless otherwise noted. Unmodulated single-tone RF input signal is used with specifications that normally apply over the entire operating conditions, unless otherwise indicated. Rx I/Q differential output load impedance = 10kΩ || 8pF.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0000 1.5
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0001 1.75
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0010 3.5
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0011 5.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0100 5.5
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0101 6.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0110 7.0
RF Channel BW Supported by Baseband Filter
Baseband Gain Ripple 0 to 3.2MHz for BW = 7MHz 1 dB
Baseband Group Delay Ripple 0 to 3.2MHz for BW = 7MHz 65 ns
Baseband Filter Rejection for 7MHz RF Channel BW
RSSI
RSSI Minimum Output Voltage R
RSSI Maximum Output Voltage R
RSSI Slope 30 mV/dB
RSSI Output Settling Time
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 0111 8.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1000 9.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1001 10.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1010 12.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1011 14.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1100 15.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1101 20.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1110 24.0
A4:A0 = 00010 serial bits D7:D4 = 1111 28.0
At 4.67MHz 7
At > 10.5MHz 53
At > 14MHz 75
At > 29.4MHz 75
10kΩ 0.65 V
LOAD
10kΩ 2.4 V
LOAD
To within 3dB of steady state
+32dB signal step 200
-32dB signal step 800
MHz
dB
ns
P-P
P-P
MAX2838
3.3GHz to 3.9GHz Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—Tx MODE
(MAX2838 Evaluation Kit, VCC_ = 2.8V, TA= +25°C, fRF= 3.601GHz , fLO= 3.6GHz. f
REF
= 40MHz, ENABLE = CS = high, and RXTX
= SCLK = DIN = low, with power matching for the differential RF pins using the
Typical Operating Circuit
. Lowpass filter is set to
7MHz RF channel BW, 90mV
RMS
sine and cosine signal (or 90mV
RMS
64QAM 1024-FFT OFDMA FUSC I/Q signals wherever OFDM is mentioned) applied to baseband I/Q inputs of transmitter (differential DC-coupled). Registers set to recommended settings and corresponding test mode, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS
(MAX2838 Evaluation Kit, VCC= 2.8V, TA= +25°C, fLO= 3.6GHz, f
REF
= 40MHz, CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, PLL loop bandwidth = 180kHz, charge-pump comparison frequency = 40MHz, T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
TRANSMIT SECTION: Tx BASEBAND I/Q INPUTS TO RF OUTPUTS
RF Output Frequency Range 3.3 3.9 GHz
Peak-to-Peak Gain Variation over RF Band
Total Voltage Gain Maximum gain; at unbalanced 50Ω matched output 8 dB
Maximum Output Power over Frequency
RF Output Return Loss All gain settings 7 dB
RF Gain Control Range 60 dB
RF Gain Control Binary Weights
Unwanted Sideband Suppression
Carrier Leakage Rel ati ve to 0d Bm outp ut p ow er ; w i thout cal i b r ati on b y m od em -40 dBc
Tx I/Q Input Impedance (R || C)
Baseband Frequency Response for 7MHz RF Channel BW
Baseband Group Delay Ripple 0 to 4.9MHz (BW = 7MHz) 15 ns
O FD M si g nal confor m i ng to sp ectr al em i ssi on m ask and
- 36d B EV M after I/Q i m bal ance cal i br ation by m od em ( N ote 3)
B1 1
B2 2
B3 4
B4 8
B5 16
B6 32
Without calibration by modem, and excludes modem I/Q imbalance; P
Minimum differential resistance 60 kΩ
Maximum differential capacitance 0.5 pF
0 to 4.67MHz -8
At > 13.23MHz -45
OUT
= 0dBm
2.6 dB
0 dBm
-40 dBc
dB
dB
P-P
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
RF Channel Center Frequency 3.3 3.9 GHz
Channel Center Frequency Programming Minimum Step Size
Charge-Pump Comparison Frequency
Reference Frequency Range 11 40 80 MHz
Refer ence Fr eq uency Inp ut Level s AC-coupled to REFCLK pin 800 mV
29 Hz
11 40 MHz
P-P
MAX2838
3.3GHz to 3.9GHz
Wireless Broadband RF Transceiver
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS (continued)
(MAX2838 Evaluation Kit, VCC= 2.8V, TA= +25°C, fLO= 3.6GHz, f
REF
= 40MHz, CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, PLL loop bandwidth = 180kHz, charge-pump comparison frequency = 40MHz, T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MISCELLANEOUS BLOCKS
(MAX2838 Evaluation Kit, VCC= 2.8V, f
REF
= 40MHz, CS = high, SCLK = DIN = low, and TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted) (Note 1)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Programmable Reference Divider Values
Closed-Loop Integrated Phase Noise
Charge-Pump Output Current On each differential side 0.8 mA
Close-In Spur Level
Reference Spur Level f
Turnaround LO Frequency Error
Temperature Range over which VCO Maintains Lock
C LKO U T Fr eq uency D i vi d er V al ues A4:A0 = 10100, D6:D5 = 01 ( N ote 4)
CLKOUT Output Swing R = 10kΩ, C = 10pF
External VCO Input Power MIMO slave mode only -10 dBm
External VCO Output Power MIMO master mode only -8 dBm
A4:A0 = 10100, D2:D1 = 00 1
A4:A0 = 10100, D2:D1 = 01 2
Loop BW = 180kHz, integrate phase noise from 200Hz to 5MHz
f
= 0 to 1.8MHz -45
OFFSET
f
= 1.8MHz to 7MHz -70
OFFSET
f
> 7MHz -80
OFFSET
40MHz -73 dBc
OFFSET
Rel ati ve to stead y state; m easur ed 35µs after Tx- Rx or Rx- Tx sw i tchi ng i nstant, and 4µs after any r ecei ver g ai n chang es
Rel ati ve to the i ni ti al am b i ent tem p er atur e TA , as l ong as the fi nal tem p er atur e i s w i thi n op er ati ng tem p er atur e r ang e
-39 dBc
±50 Hz
T
± 40 °C
A
2
Low drive 1.6
High drive 2.4
dBc
V
P-P
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
PA BIAS DAC: CURRENT MODE
Numbers of bits 6
Minimum Output Sink Current D5:D0 = 000000 in A4:A0 = 11100 0 µA
Maximum Output Sink Current D5:D0 = 111111 in A4:A0 = 11100 310 µA
Compliance Voltage Range 0.8 V
Turn-On Time E xcl ud es p r og r am m ab l e d el ay of 0 to 7µs i n step s of 0.5µs 200 ns
DNL 1 LSB
PA BIAS DAC: VOLTAGE MODE
Output High Level 10mA source current VCC - 0.2 V
Output Low Level 10mA sink current 0.1 V
Turn-On Time E xcl ud es p r og r am m ab l e d el ay of 0 to 7µs i n step s of 0.5µs 200 ns
ON-CHIP TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Temperature Step Size C
Read-out at DOUT pin through SPI A4:A0 = 00111, D4:D0
TA = +25°C 01111
TA = +85°C 11001Digital Output Code
= -40°C 00100
T
A
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