MAXIM MAX2021 Technical data
General Description
The MAX2021 low-noise, high-linearity, direct upconversion/downconversion quadrature modulator/demodulator is designed for RFID handheld and portal
readers, as well as single and multicarrier 750MHz to
1200MHz GSM/EDGE, cdma2000®, WCDMA, and
iDEN®base-station applications. Direct conversion
architectures are advantageous since they significantly
reduce transmitter or receiver cost, part count, and
power consumption as compared to traditional IF-based
double conversion systems.
In addition to offering excellent linearity and noise performance, the MAX2021 also yields a high level of component integration. This device includes two matched
passive mixers for modulating or demodulating in-phase
and quadrature signals, two LO mixer amplifier drivers,
and an LO quadrature splitter. On-chip baluns are also
integrated to allow for single-ended RF and LO connections. As an added feature, the baseband inputs have
been matched to allow for direct interfacing to the transmit DAC, thereby eliminating the need for costly I/Q
buffer amplifiers.
The MAX2021 operates from a single +5V supply. It is
available in a compact 36-pin thin QFN package (6mm
x 6mm) with an exposed paddle. Electrical performance is guaranteed over the extended -40°C to
+85°C temperature range.
Applications
RFID Handheld and Portal Readers
Single and Multicarrier WCDMA 850 Base Stations
Single and Multicarrier cdmaOne™ and cdma2000
Base Stations
GSM 850/GSM 900 EDGE Base Stations
Predistortion Transmitters and Receivers
WiMAX Transmitters and Receivers
Fixed Broadband Wireless Access
Military Systems
Microwave Links
Digital and Spread-Spectrum Communication
Systems
Video-on-Demand (VOD) and DOCSIS Compliant
Edge QAM Modulation
Cable Modem Termination Systems (CMTS)
Features
♦ 750MHz to 1200MHz RF Frequency Range
♦ Scalable Power: External Current-Setting
Resistors Provide Option for Operating Device in
Reduced-Power/Reduced-Performance Mode
♦ 36-Pin, 6mm x 6mm TQFN Provides High Isolation
in a Small Package
Modulator Operation:
♦ Meets 4-Carrier WCDMA 65dBc ACLR
♦ +21dBm Typical OIP3
♦ +58dBm Typical OIP2
♦ +16.7dBm Typical OP
1dB
♦ -32dBm Typical LO Leakage
♦ 43.5dBc Typical Sideband Suppression
♦ -174dBm/Hz Output Noise Density
♦ DC to 300MHz Baseband Input Allows a Direct
Launch DAC Interface, Eliminating the Need for
Costly I/Q Buffer Amplifiers
♦ DC-Coupled Input Allows Ability for Customer
Offset Voltage Control
Demodulator Operation:
♦ +35.2dBm Typical IIP3
♦ +76dBm Typical IIP2
♦ > 30dBm IP
1dB
♦ 9.2dB Typical Conversion Loss
♦ 9.3dB Typical NF
♦ 0.06dB Typical I/Q Gain Imbalance
♦ 0.15° I/Q Typical Phase Imbalance
MAX2021
High-Dynamic-Range, Direct Up-/Downconversion
750MHz to 1200MHz Quadrature Mod/Demod
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
Ordering Information
19-3918; Rev 0; 3/06
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
PART
TEMP RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
PKG
CODE
MAX2021ETX
T3666-2
MAX2021ETX-T
T3666-2
MAX2021ETX+
T3666-2
MAX2021ETX+T
T3666-2
*EP = Exposed paddle. + = Lead free.
-T = Tape-and-reel package.
cdma2000 is a registered trademark of Telecommunications
Industry Association.
iDEN is a registered trademark of Motorola, Inc.
cdmaOne is a trademark of CDMA Development Group.
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
36 Thin QFN-EP*
(6mm x 6mm)
36 Thin QFN-EP*
(6mm x 6mm)
36 Thin QFN-EP*
(6mm x 6mm)
36 Thin QFN-EP*
(6mm x 6mm)
MAX2021
High-Dynamic-Range, Direct Up-/Downconversion
750MHz to 1200MHz Quadrature Mod/Demod
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VCC_ to GND ........................................................-0.3V to +5.5V
BBI+, BBI-, BBQ+, BBQ- to GND...............-3.5V to (V
CC
+ 0.3V)
LO, RF to GND Maximum Current ......................................30mA
RF Input Power ...............................................................+30dBm
Baseband Differential I/Q Input Power (Note A) ............+20dBm
LO Input Power...............................................................+10dBm
RBIASLO1 Maximum Current .............................................10mA
RBIASLO2 Maximum Current .............................................10mA
RBIASLO3 Maximum Current .............................................10mA
θJA(without air flow) ..........................................…………34°C/W
θ
JA
(2.5m/s air flow) .........................................................28°C/W
θ
JC
(junction to exposed paddle) ...................................8.5°C/W
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering 10s, non-lead free)...........+245°C
Lead Temperature (soldering 10s, lead free) ..................+260°C
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2021 Typical Application Circuit, VCC= +4.75V to +5.25V, GND = 0V, I/Q inputs terminated into 100Ω differential, LO input terminated into 50Ω, RF output terminated into 50Ω, 0V common-mode input, R1 = 432Ω, R2 = 619Ω, R3 = 332Ω, T
C
= -40°C to +85°C, unless
otherwise noted. Typical values are at V
CC
= +5V, V
BBI
= V
BBQ
= 1.4V
P-P
, fIQ= 1MHz, TC= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Supply Voltage V
CC
V
Total Supply Current I
TOTAL
Pins 3, 13, 15, 31, 33 all connected to V
CC
315 mA
Total Power Dissipation
mW
Note A: Maximum reliable continuous power applied to the baseband differential port is +20dBm from an external 100Ω source.
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Modulator)
(MAX2021 Typical Application Circuit, VCC= +4.75V to +5.25V, GND = 0V, I/Q differential inputs driven from a 100Ω DC-coupled
source, 0V common-mode input, P
LO
= 0dBm, 750MHz ≤ fLO≤ 1200MHz, 50Ω LO and RF system impedance, R1 = 432Ω, R2 = 619Ω,
R3 = 332Ω, T
C
= -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at VCC= +5V, V
BBI
= 1.4V
P-P
differential, V
BBQ
= 1.4V
P-P
differential, fIQ= 1MHz,
f
LO
= 900MHz, TC= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
UNITS
BASEBAND INPUT
Baseb and Input Di fferential Impedance
fIQ = 1MHz 53 Ω
BB Common-Mode Input Voltage
Range
0
V
LO INPUT
LO Input Frequency Range
MHz
LO Input Drive -6 +3
dBm
LO Input Return Loss RF and IF terminated (Note 3) 12 dB
I/Q MIXER OUTPUTS
fLO = 900MHz
Output IP3 OIP3
f
BB1
= 1.8MHz,
f
BB2
= 1.9MHz
f
LO
= 1000MHz
dBm
Output IP2 OIP2
f
BB1
= 1.8MHz,
f
BB2
= 1.9MHz
dBm
Output P1dB
f
BB
= 25MHz,
P
LO
= 0dBm
dBm
Output Power P
OUT
0.7
dBm
Output Power Variation Over
Temperature
T
C
= -40°C to +85°C
dB/°C
Output-Power Flatness
Sweep f
BB
, PRF flatness for fBB from 1MHz
to 50MHz
dB
4.75 5.00 5.25
230 271
1355 1654
SYMBOL
MIN TYP MAX
-3.5
750 1200
-0.016
21.1
22.3
57.9
16.7
0.15
+3.5
MAX2021
High-Dynamic-Range, Direct Up-/Downconversion
750MHz to 1200MHz Quadrature Mod/Demod
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
RF INPUT
RF Frequency f
RF
750
MHz
Conversion Loss L
C
fBB = 25MHz (Note 7) 9.2 dB
Noise Figure NF fLO = 900MHz 9.3 dB
Noise Figure Under-Blocking
f
BLOCKER
= 900MHz, PRF = 11dBm,
f
RF
= fLO = 890MHz (Note 8)
dB
Input Third-Order Intercept IIP3
f
RF1
= 925MHz, f
RF2
= 926MHz, fLO =
900MHz, P
RF
= PLO = 0dBm, f
SPUR
= 24MHz
dBm
IIP2
f
RF1
= 925MHz, f
RF2
= 926MHz, fLO =
900MHz, P
RF
= PLO = 0dBm, f
SPUR
= 51MHz
76
dBm
Input 1dB Compression P
1dB
fIF = 50MHz, fLO = 900MHz, PLO = 0dBm 30
dBm
I/Q Gain Mismatch fBB = 1MHz, fLO = 900MHz, PLO = 0dBm
dB
PLO = 0dBm 1.1
I/Q Phase Mismatch
f
BB
= 1MHz,
f
LO
= 900MHz
P
LO
= -3dBm
degrees
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Demodulator)
(MAX2021 Typical Application Circuit when operated as a demodulator, VCC= +4.75V to +5.25V, GND = 0V, differential baseband outputs converted to a 50Ω single-ended output, P
RF
= PLO= 0dBm, 750MHz ≤ fLO≤ 1200MHz, 50Ω LO and RF system impedance, R1 =
432Ω, R2 = 619Ω, R3 = 332Ω, T
C
= -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at VCC= +5V, TC= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2)
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Modulator) (continued)
(MAX2021 Typical Application Circuit, VCC= +4.75V to +5.25V, GND = 0V, I/Q differential inputs driven from a 100Ω DC-coupled
source, 0V common-mode input, P
LO
= 0dBm, 750MHz ≤ fLO≤ 1200MHz, 50Ω LO and RF system impedance, R1 = 432Ω, R2 = 619Ω,
R3 = 332Ω, T
C
= -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at VCC= +5V, V
BBI
= 1.4V
P-P
differential, V
BBQ
= 1.4V
P-P
differential, fIQ= 1MHz,
f
LO
= 900MHz, TC= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
ACLR (1st Adjacent Channel
5MHz Offset)
Single-carrier WCDMA (Note 4) 65 dBc
LO Leakage
No external calibration, with each
baseband input terminated in 50Ω
-32
dBm
P
LO
= 0dBm 30
Sideband Suppression
No external calibration,
f
LO
= 920MHz
P
LO
= -3dBm
dBc
Output Noise Density
dBm/Hz
Output Noise Floor P
OUT
= 0dBm, fLO = 900MHz (Note 6)
dBm/Hz
RF Return Loss (Note 3) 15 dB
Note 1: Guaranteed by design and characterization.
Note 2: T
C
is the temperature on the exposed paddle.
Note 3: Parameter also applies to demodulator topology.
Note 4: Single-carrier WCDMA with 10.5dB peak-to-average ratio at 0.1% complementary cumulative distribution function,
P
RF
= -10dBm (PRFis chosen to give -65dBc ACLR).
Note 5: No baseband drive input. Measured with the inputs terminated in 50Ω. At low output levels, the output noise is thermal.
Note 6: The output noise versus P
OUT
curve has the slope of LO noise (Ln dBc/Hz) due to reciprocal mixing.
Note 7: Conversion loss is measured from the single-ended RF input to single-ended combined baseband output.
Note 8: The LO noise (L = 10
(Ln/10)
), determined from the modulator measurements can be used to deduce the noise figure under-
blocking at operating temperature (Tp in Kelvin), F
BLOCK
= 1 + (Lcn - 1) Tp / To + LP
BLOCK
/ (1000kTo), where To = 290K,
P
BLOCK
in mW, k is Boltzmann’s constant = 1.381 x 10
(-23)
J/K, and Lcn = 10
(Lc/10)
, Lc is the conversion loss. Noise figure
under-blocking in dB is NF
BLOCK
= 10 x log (F
BLOCK
). Refer to Application Note 3632.
39.6
43.5
E ach b aseb and inp ut ter mi nated i n 50Ω (N ote 5) -174
-168
1200
NF
BLOCK
17.8
35.2
Input Second-Order Intercept
0.06
0.15
MAX2021
High-Dynamic-Range, Direct Up-/Downconversion
750MHz to 1200MHz Quadrature Mod/Demod
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Typical Operating Characteristics
(MAX2021 Typical Application Circuit, VCC= +4.75V to +5.25V, GND = 0V, I/Q differential inputs driven from a 100Ω DC-coupled
source, 0V common-mode input, PLO= 0dBm, 750MHz ≤ fLO≤ 1200MHz, 50Ω LO and RF system impedance, R1 = 432Ω, R2 = 619Ω,
R3 = 332Ω, TC= -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at VCC= +5V, V
BBI
= 1.4V
P-P
differential, V
BBQ
= 1.4V
P-P
differential, fIQ= 1MHz,
fLO= 900MHz, TC= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE (T
C
)
MAX2021 toc01
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TOTAL SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
603510-15
220
240
260
280
VCC = 4.75V
VCC = 5.0V
300
200
-40 85
VCC = 5.25V
ACLR vs. OUTPUT POWER PER CARRIER
MAX2021 toc02
OUTPUT POWER PER CARRIER (dBm)
ACLR (dB)
-17-27-37
-78
-76
-74
-72
-70
-68
-66
-64
-62
-60
-80
-47 -7
SINGLE-CARRIER WCDMA
ADJACENT CHANNEL
ALTERNATE CHANNEL
ACLR vs. OUTPUT POWER PER CARRIER
MAX2021 toc03
OUTPUT POWER PER CARRIER (dBm)
ACLR (dB)
-17-27-37
-78
-76
-74
-72
-70
-68
-66
-64
-62
-60
-80
-47 -7
ADJACENT CHANNEL
ALTERNATE CHANNEL
TWO-CARRIER WCDMA
ACLR vs. OUTPUT POWER PER CARRIER
MAX2021 toc04
OUTPUT POWER PER CARRIER (dBm)
ACLR (dB)
-17-27-37
-78
-76
-74
-72
-70
-68
-66
-64
-62
-60
-80
-47 -7
FOUR-CARRIER WCDMA
ADJACENT CHANNEL
ALTERNATE CHANNEL
SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION
vs. LO FREQUENCY
MAX2021 toc05
LO FREQUENCY (MHz)
SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc)
11251050975900825
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
750 1200
PLO = -3dBm
PLO = -6dBm
PLO = 0dBm
PLO = +3dBm
SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION
vs. LO FREQUENCY
MAX2021 toc06
LO FREQUENCY (MHz)
SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc)
11251050975900825
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
750 1200
VCC = 4.75V, 5.0V, 5.25V
SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION
vs. LO FREQUENCY
MAX2021 toc07
LO FREQUENCY (MHz)
SIDEBAND SUPPRESSION (dBc)
11251050975900825
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
750 1200
TC = +25°C
TC = +85°C
TC = -40°C
OUTPUT IP3 vs. LO FREQUENCY
MAX2021 toc08
LO FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT IP3 (dBm)
11251050975900825
15
20
25
30
10
750 1200
TC = -40°C
TC = +85°C
TC = +25°C
PLO = 0dBm, V
CC
= 5.0V
OUTPUT IP3 vs. LO FREQUENCY
MAX2021 toc09
LO FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT IP3 (dBm)
11251050975900825
15
20
25
30
10
750 1200
VCC = 5.25V
VCC = 5.0V
VCC = 4.75V
TC = +25°C
MODULATOR
MAX2021
High-Dynamic-Range, Direct Up-/Downconversion
750MHz to 1200MHz Quadrature Mod/Demod
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
OUTPUT IP3 vs. LO FREQUENCY
MAX2021 toc10
LO FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT IP3 (dBm)
11251050975900825
15
20
25
30
10
750 1200
PLO = +3dBm
PLO = -3dBm
PLO = -6dBm
PLO = 0dBm
TC = +25°C
OUTPUT IP3
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX2021 toc11
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT IP3 (dBm)
1.750-1.75
21
22
23
24
25
26
20
-3.50 3.50
fLO = 900MHz, PLO = 0dBm
OUTPUT IP3
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX2021 toc12
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT IP3 (dBm)
1.750-1.75
21
22
23
24
25
26
20
-3.50 3.50
fLO = 1000MHz
OUTPUT IP2 vs. LO FREQUENCY
MAX2021 toc13
LO FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT IP2 (dBm)
11251050975900825
50
60
70
80
40
750 1200
TC = +25°C
TC = -40°C
TC = +85°C
OUTPUT IP2 vs. LO FREQUENCY
MAX2021 toc14
LO FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT IP2 (dBm)
11251050975900825
50
60
70
80
40
750 1200
VCC = 5.0V
VCC = 5.25V
VCC = 4.75V
OUTPUT IP2 vs. LO FREQUENCY
MAX2021 toc15
LO FREQUENCY (MHz)
OUTPUT IP2 (dBm)
11251050975900825
50
60
70
80
40
750 1200
PLO = +3dBm
PLO = -6dBm
PLO = -3dBm
PLO = 0dBm
OUTPUT IP2
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX2021 toc16
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT IP2 (dBm)
1.750-1.75
60
65
70
75
80
55
-3.50 3.50
fLO = 900MHz
OUTPUT IP2
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
MAX2021 toc17
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT IP2 (dBm)
1.750-1.75
60
55
65
70
50
-3.50 3.50
fLO = 1000MHz
MODULATOR OUTPUT POWER
vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2021 toc18
INPUT POWER (dBm)
OUTPUT POWER (dBm)
1916 252213
10
5
0
15
20
-5
10 28
INPUT SPLIT BETWEEN I AND Q,
f
IF
= 25MHz, fLO = 900MHz
VCC = 4.75V, 5.0V, 5.25V
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2021 Typical Application Circuit, VCC= +4.75V to +5.25V, GND = 0V, I/Q differential inputs driven from a 100Ω DC-coupled
source, 0V common-mode input, PLO= 0dBm, 750MHz ≤ fLO≤ 1200MHz, 50Ω LO and RF system impedance, R1 = 432Ω, R2 = 619Ω,
R3 = 332Ω, TC= -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at VCC= +5V, V
BBI
= 1.4V
P-P
differential, V
BBQ
= 1.4V
P-P
differential, fIQ= 1MHz,
fLO= 900MHz, TC= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MODULATOR
Loading...