MAXIM MAX2009 Technical data

General Description
The MAX2009 adjustable RF predistorter is designed to improve power amplifier (PA) adjacent-channel power rejection (ACPR) by introducing gain and phase expan­sion in a PA chain to compensate for the PA’s gain and phase compression. With its +23dBm maximum input power level and wide adjustable range, the MAX2009 can provide up to 12dB of ACPR improvement for power amplifiers operating in the 1200MHz to 2500MHz frequency band. Lower frequencies of operation can be achieved with this IC’s counterpart, the MAX2010.
The MAX2009 is unique in that it provides up to 7dB of gain expansion and 24° of phase expansion as the input power is increased. The amount of expansion is configurable through two independent sets of control: one set adjusts the gain expansion breakpoint and slope, while the second set controls the same parameters for phase. With these settings in place, the linearization circuit can be run in either a static set-and­forget mode, or a more sophisticated closed-loop implementation can be employed with real-time soft­ware-controlled distortion correction. Hybrid correction modes are also possible using simple lookup tables to compensate for factors such as PA temperature drift or PA loading.
The MAX2009 comes in a 28-pin thin QFN exposed pad (EP) package (5mm x 5mm) and is specified for the extended (-40°C to +85°C) temperature range.
Applications
WCDMA/UMTS, cdma2000, DCS1800, and PCS1900 Base Stations
Feed-Forward PA Architectures
Digital Baseband Predistortion Architectures
Military Applications
WLAN Applications
Features
Up to 12dB ACPR Improvement*Independent Gain and Phase Expansion ControlsGain Expansion Up to 7dBPhase Expansion Up to 24°1200MHz to 2500MHz Frequency RangeExceptional Gain and Phase FlatnessGroup Delay <1.3ns (Gain and Phase Sections
Combined)
±0.04ns Group Delay Ripple Over a 100MHz BandCapable of Handling Input Drives Up to +23dBmOn-Chip Temperature Variation CompensationSingle +5V SupplyLow Power Consumption: 75mW (typ)Fully Integrated into Small 28-Pin Thin QFN
Package
*Performance dependent on amplifier, bias, and modulation.
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
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4
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MAX2009
GAIN
CONTROL
PHASE
CONTROL
GND*
GND*
ING
GND*
GND*
OUTP
GND*
V
CCG
GND*
PBRAW
PBEXP
PBIN
GND*
V
CCP
GND*
INP
GND*
PFS1
PFS2
PDCS1
PDCS2
GND*
OUTG
GND*
GCS
GFS
GBP
GND*
*INTERNALLY CONNECTED TO EXPOSED GROUND PADDLE.
Functional Diagram/
Pin Configuration
Ordering Information
19-2929; Rev 0; 8/03
*EP = Exposed paddle.
EVALUATION KIT
AVAILABLE
PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
MAX2009ETI-T -40°C to +85°C
28 Thin QFN-EP*
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim's website at www.maxim-ic.com.
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable RF Predistorter
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2009 EV kit; V
CCG
= V
CCP
= +4.75V to +5.25V; no RF signal applied; INP, ING, OUTP, OUTG are AC-coupled and terminated to
50Ω; V
PF_S1
= open; PBEXP shorted to PBRAW; V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0.8V; V
PBIN
= V
GBP
= V
GCS
= GND; V
GFS
= V
CCG
; TA= -40°C to
+85°C. Typical values are at V
CCG
= V
CCP
= +5.0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
V
CCG
, V
CCP
to GND ..............................................-0.3V to +5.5V
ING, OUTG, GCS, GFS, GBP to GND......-0.3V to (V
CCG
+ 0.3V)
INP, OUTP, PFS_, PDCS_, PBRAW,
PBEXP, PBIN to GND ............................-0.3V to (V
CCP
+ 0.3V)
Input (ING, INP, OUTP, OUTG) Level ............................+23dBm
PBEXP Output Current ........................................................±1mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C) 28-Pin Thin QFN-EP
(derate 21mW/°C above +70°C)...............................1667mW
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering 10s) ..................................+300°C
PARAMETER CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Supply Voltage V
CCG
, V
CCP
V
V
CCP
5.8 7
Supply Current
V
CCG
10
mA
PBIN, PBRAW 0
Analog Input Voltage Range
GBP, GFS, GCS 0
V
V
GFS
= V
GCS
= V
PBRAW
= 0V -2 +2
V
GBP
= 0 to +5V
Analog Input Current
V
PBIN
= 0 to +5V
µA
Logic-Input High Voltage PDCS1, PDCS2 (Note 1) 2.0 V
Logic-Input Low Voltage PDCS1, PDCS2 (Note 1) 0.8 V
Logic Input Current -2 +2 µA
4.75 5.25
-100 +170
-100 +220
12.1
V
CCP
V
CCG
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCG
= V
CCP
= +4.75V to +5.25V, 50Ω environment, PIN= -20dBm, fIN= 1200MHz to 2500MHz, V
GCS
= +1.0V,
V
GFS
= +5.0V, V
GBP
= +1.2V, V
PBIN
= V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= +5V, V
PBRAW
= V
PBEXP
, TA= -40°C to +85°C. Typical values
are at f
IN
= 2140MHz, V
CCG
= V
CCP
= +5V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS
UNITS
Operating Frequency Range
MHz
VSWR ING, INP, OUTG, OUTP
PHASE CONTROL SECTION
Nominal Gain
dB
Gain Variation Over Temperature
TA = -40°C to +85°C
dB
Gain Flatness Over a 100MHz band
dB
Phase-Expansion Breakpoint Maximum
V
PBIN
= +5V 23
dBm
Phase-Expansion Breakpoint Minimum
V
PBIN
= 0V 3.7
dBm
Phase-Expansion Breakpoint Variation Over Temperature
T
A
= -40°C to +85°C
dB
V
PF_S1
= +5V, V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V,
P
IN
= -20 dBm to +23 dBm
V
PDCS1
= 5V, V
PDCS2
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= +1.5V
V
PDCS1
= 0V, V
PDCS2
= 5V, V
PF_S1
= +1.5V 9.2
Phase Expansion
V
PF_S1
= 0V, V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= +5V,
P
IN
= -20dBm to +23dBm
7.6
Degrees
Phase-Expansion Slope Maximum
P
IN
= +15dBm 1.2
Degrees
/dB
Phase-Expansion Slope Minimum
V
PF_S1
= 0V, V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= +5V,
P
IN
= +15dBm
0.4
Degrees
/dB
Phase Slope Variation Over Temperature
P
IN
= +15dBm, TA = -40°C to +85°C
Degrees
/dB
Phase Ripple Over a 100MHz band, deviation from linear phase
Degrees
Noise Figure 7.5 dB
Absolute Group Delay Interconnects de-embedded 0.7 ns
Group Delay Ripple Over a 100MHz band
ns
Parasitic Gain Expansion PIN = -20dBm to +23dBm 0.9 dB
MIN TYP MAX
1200 2500
1.3:1
-7.5
-1.4
±0.1
±1.3
23.7
14.2
-0.1
±0.15
±0.03
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable RF Predistorter
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Note 1: Guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 2: All limits reflect losses and characteristics of external components shown in the Typical Application Circuit, unless otherwise
noted.
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCG
= V
CCP
= +4.75V to +5.25V, 50Ω environment, PIN= -20dBm, fIN= 1200MHz to 2500MHz, V
GCS
= +1.0V,
V
GFS
= +5.0V, V
GBP
= +1.2V, V
PBIN
= V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= +5V, V
PBRAW
= V
PBEXP
, TA= -40°C to +85°C. Typical values
are at f
IN
= 2140MHz, V
CCG
= V
CCP
= +5V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS
GAIN CONTROL SECTION
-16
V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= +5V -23
Nominal Gain
V
GCS
= +5V, V
GFS
= 0V
dB
Gain Variation Over Temperature
TA = -40°C to +85°C-1dB
Gain Flatness Over a 100MHz band
dB
Gain-Expansion Breakpoint Maximum
V
GBP
= +5V 23
Gain-Expansion Breakpoint Minimum
V
GBP
= +0.5V -3
Gain-Expansion Breakpoint Variation Over Temperature
T
A
= -40°C to +85°C
dB
V
GFS
= +5V, PIN = -20dBm to +23dBm 6.6
Gain Expansion
V
GFS
= 0V, PIN = -20dBm to +23dBm 3.6
dB
V
GFS
= +5V, PIN = +15dBm 0.5
Gain-Expansion Slope
V
GFS
= +0V, PIN = +15dBm
Gain Slope Variation Over Temperature
P
IN
= +15dBm, TA = -40°C to +85°C
Noise Figure 16 dB
Absolute Group Delay Interconnects de-embedded
ns
Group Delay Ripple Over a 100MHz band
ns
Phase Ripple Over a 100MHz band, deviation from linear phase
Parasitic Phase Expansion PIN = -20dBm to +23dBm 5
MIN TYP MAX UNITS
-8.5
±0.3
-0.3
0.26
-0.04 dB/dB
0.61
±0.01
±0.07 Degrees
dBm
dBm
dB/dB
Degrees
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
4.75 4.954.85 5.05 5.15 5.25
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX2009TOC01
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
TA = +85°C
TA = +25°C
TA = -40°C
SMALL-SIGNAL INPUT RETURN LOSS
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC02
40
35
25
30
10
5
15
20
0
INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB)
1.1 1.5 1.71.3
1.9
2.1 2.3 2.5
FREQUENCY (GHz)
A = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 0V
B = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= 5V
C = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 5V, V
PF_S1
= 0V
D = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 5V
B
D
C
A
SMALL-SIGNAL OUTPUT RETURN LOSS
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC03
40
35
25
30
10
5
15
20
0
OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB)
1.1 1.5 1.71.3
1.9
2.1 2.3 2.5
FREQUENCY (GHz)
A = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 0V
B = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= 5V
C = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 5V, V
PF_S1
= 0V
D = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 5V
B
C
A
D
LARGE-SIGNAL INPUT RETURN LOSS
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC04
40
35
25
30
10
5
15
20
0
INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB)
1.1 1.5 1.71.3
1.9
2.1 2.3 2.5
FREQUENCY (GHz)
A = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 0V
B = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= 5V
C = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 5V, V
PF_S1
= 0V
D = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 5V
C
D
B
A
PIN = +15dBm
LARGE-SIGNAL OUTPUT RETURN LOSS
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC05
40
35
25
30
10
5
15
20
0
OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB)
1.1 1.5 1.71.3
1.9
2.1 2.3 2.5
FREQUENCY (GHz)
A = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 0V
B = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= 5V
C = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 5V, V
PF_S1
= 0V
D = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 5V
C
D
B
A
PIN = +15dBm
-10.0
-8.5
-9.0
-9.5
-7.5
-8.0
-5.5
-6.0
-6.5
-7.0
-5.0
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC06
FREQUENCY (GHz)
GAIN (dB)
TA = +85°C
TA = +25°C
TA = -40°C
Typical Operating Characteristics
Phase Control Section
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCP
= +5.0V, PIN= -20dBm, V
PBIN
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= +5.0V, V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, fIN= 2140MHz, TA= +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable RF Predistorter
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
-10.0
-8.5
-9.0
-9.5
-7.5
-8.0
-5.5
-6.0
-6.5
-7.0
-5.0
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC07
FREQUENCY (GHz)
GAIN (dB)
V
CCP
= 4.75V, 5.0V, 5.25V
-8.0
-7.5
-6.5
-7.0
-6.0
-5.5
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. COARSE SLOPE
MAX2009TOC08
COARSE SLOPE (V)
GAIN (dB)
PDCS1 = 0, PDCS2 = 5
PDCS1 = 5, PDCS2 = 5
PDCS1 = 5, PDCS2 = 0
PDCS1 = 0, PDCS2 = 0
V
PF_S1
= 1.5V
V
PF_S1
= 0V
V
PF_S1
= 5V
-8.0
-7.5
-6.5
-7.0
-6.0
-5.5
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN
vs. COARSE SLOPE
MAX2009TOC09
COARSE SLOPE (V)
GAIN (dB)
TA = -40°C
TA = +25°C
TA = +85°C
PDCS1 = 0, PDCS2 = 5
PDCS1 = 5, PDCS2 = 5
PDCS1 = 5, PDCS2 = 0
PDCS1 = 0, PDCS2 = 0
GROUP DELAY
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC10
0.50
0.60
0.55
0.75
0.80
0.70
0.65
0.85
DELAY (ns)
1.1 1.5 1.71.3
1.9
2.1 2.3 2.5
FREQUENCY (GHz)
A = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 0V
B = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= 5V
C = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 5V, V
PF_S1
= 0V
D = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 5V
D
C
A
B
INTERCONNECTS DE-EMBEDDED
NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC11
5.0
6.5
5.5
6.0
8.0
8.5
9.0
7.5
7.0
9.5
NOISE FIGURE (dB)
1.5 1.7 1.9
2.1
2.3 2.5
FREQUENCY (GHz)
A = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 0V
B = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= 5V
C = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 5V, V
PF_S1
= 0V
D = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= V
PF_S1
= 5V
D
C
A
B
5.70
5.80
5.75
5.90
5.85
5.95
6.00
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC12
INPUT POWER (dBm)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
08124162024
A = V
PBIN
= 0V
B = V
PBIN
= 0.5V
C = V
PBIN
= 1.0V
D
E
C
A
B
D = V
PBIN
= 1.5V
E = V
PBIN
= 3.0V
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
Phase Control Section (continued)
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCP
= +5.0V, PIN= -20dBm, V
PBIN
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= +5.0V, V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, fIN= 2140MHz, TA= +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
-7.8
-7.4
-7.6
-6.6
-7.0
-6.2
-6.8
-7.2
-6.4
-6.0
GAIN EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC13
INPUT POWER (dBm)
GAIN (dB)
-7 3 8-2 13 18 23
A = V
PBIN
= 0V
B = V
PBIN
= 0.5V
C = V
PBIN
= 1.0V
D
E
F
A
B
D = V
PBIN
= 1.5V
E = V
PBIN
= 2.0V
F = V
PBIN
= 2.5V
C
150
190
PHASE EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC14
INPUT POWER (dBm)
PHASE (DEGREES)
180
160
170
-7 3 8-2 13 18 23
A = V
PBIN
= 0V
B = V
PBIN
= 0.5V
C = V
PBIN
= 1.0V
D
E
F
A
B
D = V
PBIN
= 1.5V
E = V
PBIN
= 2.0V
F = V
PBIN
= 2.5V
C
-7.8
-7.4
-7.6
-6.6
-7.0
-6.2
-6.8
-7.2
-6.4
-6.0
GAIN EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC15
INPUT POWER (dBm)
GAIN (dB)
-7 3 8-2 13 18 23
A = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V
B = V
PDCS1
= 5V, V
PDCS2
= 0V
D
A
B
C
C = V
PDCS1
= 0V, V
PDCS2
= 5V
D = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 5V
-7.8
-7.4
-7.6
-6.6
-7.0
-6.2
-6.8
-7.2
-6.4
-6.0
GAIN EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC16
INPUT POWER (dBm)
GAIN (dB)
-7 3 8-2 13 18 23
A = V
PF_S1
= 0V
B = V
PF_S1
= 0.5V
C = V
PF_S1
= 1.0V
D = V
PF_S1
= 1.5V
E
A
B
E = V
PF_S1
= 2.0V
F = V
PF_S1
= 5.0V
V
PDCS1
= 5.0V
C
D
F
150
190
PHASE EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC17
INPUT POWER (dBm)
PHASE (DEGREES)
180
160
170
-7 3 8-2 13 18 23
A = V
PF_S1
= 0V
B = V
PF_S1
= 0.5V
C = V
PF_S1
= 1.0V
D
E
F
A
B
D = V
PF_S1
= 1.5V
E = V
PF_S1
= 2.0V
F = V
PF_S1
= 5.0V
V
PDCS1
= 5.0V
C
150
190
PHASE EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC18
INPUT POWER (dBm)
PHASE (DEGREES)
180
160
170
-7 3 8-2 13 18 23
A = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V
B = V
PDCS1
= 5V, V
PDCS2
= 0V
A
D
C
C = V
PDCS1
= 0V, V
PDCS2
= 5V
D = V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 5V
B
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
Phase Control Section (continued)
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCP
= +5.0V, PIN= -20dBm, V
PBIN
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= +5.0V, V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, fIN= 2140MHz, TA= +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable RF Predistorter
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
-7.8
-6.8
-7.3
-5.8
-6.3
-5.3
GAIN EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC19
INPUT POWER (dBm)
GAIN (dB)
-7 3 8-2 13 18 23
V
PDCS1
= 5.0, V
PF_S1
= 1.5V
T
A
= -40°C
T
A
= +25°C
T
A
= +85°C
150
160
165
155
175
170
180
PHASE EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
INPUT POWER (dBm)
PHASE (DEGREES)
-7 3 8-2 13 18 23
V
PDCS1
= 5.0, V
PF_S1
= 1.5V
T
A
= -40°C
T
A
= +25°C
T
A
= +85°C
MAX2009TOC20
8.0
8.4
8.2
8.8
8.6
9.2
9.0
9.4
4.75 4.954.85 5.05 5.15 5.25
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX2009TOC21
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
TA = +85°C
T
A
= +25°C
T
A
= -40°C
40
30
35
20
25
10
5
15
0
1.1 1.7 1.91.51.3 2.1 2.3 2.5
SMALL-SIGNAL INPUT RETURN LOSS
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC22
FREQUENCY (GHz)
INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB)
A = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 0V
B = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 5V
C = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 0V
D = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 5V
A
B
D
C
40
30
35
20
25
10
5
15
0
1.1 1.7 1.91.51.3 2.1 2.3 2.5
SMALL-SIGNAL OUTPUT RETURN LOSS
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC23
FREQUENCY (GHz)
OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB)
A = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 0V
B = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 5V
C = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 0V
D = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 5V
B
A
D
C
Typical Operating Characteristics
Gain Control Section
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCG
= +5.0V, PIN= -20dBm, V
GBP
= +1.2V, V
GFS
= +5.0V, V
GCS
= +1.0V, fIN= 2140MHz, TA= +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
Phase Control Section (continued)
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCP
= +5.0V, PIN= -20dBm, V
PBIN
= 0V, V
PF_S1
= +5.0V, V
PDCS1
= V
PDCS2
= 0V, fIN= 2140MHz, TA= +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
40
30
35
20
25
10
5
15
0
1.1 1.7 1.91.51.3 2.1 2.3 2.5
LARGE-SIGNAL OUTPUT RETURN LOSS
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC25
FREQUENCY (GHz)
OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (dB)
A = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 0V
B = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 5V
C = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 0V
D = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 5V
B
A
D
C
PIN = +15dBm
-20
-18
-19
-16
-17
-14
-13
-15
-12
1.1 1.7 1.91.51.3 2.1 2.3 2.5
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC26
FREQUENCY (GHz)
GAIN (dB)
TA = -40°C
T
A
= +85°C
T
A
= +25°C
-20
-18
-19
-16
-17
-14
-13
-15
-12
1.1 1.7 1.91.51.3 2.1 2.3 2.5
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC27
FREQUENCY (GHz)
GAIN (dB)
V
CCG
= 4.75V, 5.0V, 5.25V
-25
-21
-23
-17
-19
-13
-9
-11
-15
-7
034215
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. V
GCS
MAX2009TOC28
V
GCS
(V)
GAIN (dB)
V
GFS
= 0V, 1.5V, 5.0V
-25
-21
-23
-17
-19
-13
-9
-11
-15
-7
034215
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN vs. V
GCS
MAX2009TOC29
V
GCS
(V)
GAIN (dB)
TA = +85°C
TA = -40°C
T
A
= +25°C
40
30
35
20
25
10
5
15
0
1.1 1.7 1.91.51.3 2.1 2.3 2.5
LARGE-SIGNAL INPUT RETURN LOSS
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC24
FREQUENCY (GHz)
INPUT RETURN LOSS (dB)
A = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 0V
B = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 5V
C = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 0V
D = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 5V
B
A
D
C
PIN = +15dBm
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
Gain Control Section (continued)
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCG
= +5.0V, PIN= -20dBm, V
GBP
= +1.2V, V
GFS
= +5.0V, V
GCS
= +1.0V, fIN= 2140MHz, TA= +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable RF Predistorter
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC31
6
8
12
10
18
22
20
24
16
14
26
NOISE FIGURE (dB)
1.5 1.7
1.9
2.1 2.3 2.5
FREQUENCY (GHz)
A = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 0V
B = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 5V
C = V
GCS
= 1.5V, V
GFS
= 5V
B
D
E
C
A
D = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 0V
E = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 5V
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC32
5
10
20
25
15
30
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
04812 2016 24
INPUT POWER (dBm)
A = V
GBP
= 0V
B = V
GBP
= 0.5V
C = V
GBP
= 1.0V
B
E
D
C
A
D = V
GBP
= 1.5V
E = V
GBP
= 3.0V
GAIN EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC33
-23
-21
-13
-9
-17
-15
-11
-19
-7
GAIN (dB)
-7 -2
3
81813 23
INPUT POWER (dBm)
A = V
GBP
= 0V
B = V
GBP
= 0.5V
C = V
GBP
= 1.0V
D = V
GBP
= 1.5V
B
C
D
A
E = V
GBP
= 2.0V
F = V
GBP
= 2.5V
G = V
GBP
= 3.5V
H = V
GBP
= 5.0V
G
F
E
H
PHASE EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC34
130
140
160
180
150
170
190
PHASE (DEGREES)
-7 -2
3
81813 23
INPUT POWER (dBm)
A = V
GBP
= 0V
B = V
GBP
= 0.5V
C = V
GBP
= 1.0V
D = V
GBP
= 1.5V
B
C
D
A
E = V
GBP
= 2.0V
F = V
GBP
= 2.5V
G = V
GBP
= 3.5V
H = V
GBP
= 5.0V
G
FE
H
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
Gain Control Section (continued)
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCG
= +5.0V, PIN= -20dBm, V
GBP
= +1.2V, V
GFS
= +5.0V, V
GCS
= +1.0V, fIN= 2140MHz, TA= +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
0.45
0.55
0.50
0.65
0.60
0.70
0.75
1.1 1.7 1.91.51.3 2.1 2.3 2.5
GROUP DELAY vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2009TOC30
FREQUENCY (GHz)
DELAY (ns)
A = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 0V
B = V
GCS
= 0V, V
GFS
= 5V
INTERCONNECTS DE-EMBEDDED
C = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 0V
D = V
GCS
= 5V, V
GFS
= 5V
B
A
C
D
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
PHASE EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC37
130
160
180
140
150
170
190
PHASE (DEGREES)
-7 -2
3
81813 23
INPUT POWER (dBm)
A = V
GCS
= 0V
B = V
GCS
= 0.5V
C = V
GCS
= 1.0V
E
F
C
D
A, B
D = V
GCS
= 1.5V
E = V
GCS
= 2.0V
F = V
GCS
= 2.5V
PHASE EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC38
130
160
180
140
150
170
190
PHASE (DEGREES)
-7 -2
3
81813 23
INPUT POWER (dBm)
A = V
GFS
= 0V
B = V
GFS
= 0.5V
C = V
GFS
= 1.0V
E
F
C
D
A, B
D = V
GFS
= 1.5V
E = V
GFS
= 2.0V
F = V
GFS
= 5.0V
GAIN EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC39
-17
-16
-15
-14
-11
-9
-13
-12
-10
-8
GAIN (dB)
-7 -2
3
81813 23
INPUT POWER (dBm)
TA = -40°C
T
A
= +25°C
T
A
= +85°C
PHASE EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC40
140
148
156
144
142
146
152
150
158
154
160
PHASE (DEGREES)
-7 -2
3
81813 23
INPUT POWER (dBm)
TA = -40°C
T
A
= +25°C
T
A
= +85°C
GAIN EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC35
-23
-21
-13
-9
-17
-15
-11
-19
-7
GAIN (dB)
-7 -2
3
81813 23
INPUT POWER (dBm)
A = V
GFS
= 0V
B = V
GFS
= 0.5V
C = V
GFS
= 1.0V
E
F
C
D
A, B
D = V
GFS
= 1.5V
E = V
GFS
= 2.0V
F = V
GFS
= 5.0V
GAIN EXPANSION vs. INPUT POWER
MAX2009TOC36
-23
-21
-13
-9
-17
-15
-11
-19
-7
GAIN (dB)
-7 -2
3
81813 23
INPUT POWER (dBm)
A = V
GCS
= 0V
B = V
GCS
= 0.5V
C = V
GCS
= 1.0V
F
E
C
D
A, B
D = V
GCS
= 1.5V
E = V
GCS
= 2.0V
F = V
GCS
= 2.5V
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
Gain Control Section (continued)
(MAX2009 EV kit, V
CCG
= +5.0V, PIN= -20dBm, V
GBP
= +1.2V, V
GFS
= +5.0V, V
GCS
= +1.0V, fIN= 2140MHz, TA= +25°C, unless
otherwise noted.)
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable RF Predistorter
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Detailed Description
The MAX2009 adjustable predistorter can provide up to 12dB of ACPR improvement for high-power amplifiers by introducing gain and phase expansion to compensate for the PA’s gain and phase compression. The MAX2009 enables real-time software-controlled distortion correc­tion, as well as set-and-forget tuning through the adjust­ment of the expansion starting point (breakpoint) and the rate of expansion (slope). The gain and phase break-
points can be set over a 20dB input power range. The phase expansion slope is variable from 0.3°/dB to
2.0°/dB and can be adjusted for a maximum of 24° of phase expansion. The gain expansion slope is variable from 0.1dB/dB to 0.6dB/dB and can be adjusted for a maximum of 7dB gain expansion.
The following sections describe the tuning methodology best implemented with a class A amplifier. Other classes of operation may require significantly different settings.
Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION
1, 2, 4, 5, 7,
8, 10, 16, 20,
22, 26, 28
GND Ground. Internally connected to the exposed paddle.
3 ING
RF Gain Input. Connect ING to a coupling capacitor if it is not connected to OUTP. ING is interchangeable with OUTG.
6 OUTP
RF Phase Output. Connect OUTP to a coupling capacitor if it is not connected to INP. OUTP is interchangeable with INP.
9 INP RF Phase Input. Connect INP to a coupling capacitor. This pin is interchangeable with OUTP.
11 PFS1 Fine Phase-Slope Control Input 1. See the Typical Application Circuit.
12 PFS2 Fine Phase-Slope Control Input 2. See the Typical Application Circuit.
13 PDCS1 Digital Coarse Phase-Slope Control Range Input 1. Set to logical zero for the steepest slope.
14 PDCS2 Digital Coarse Phase-Slope Control Range Input 2. Set to logical zero for the steepest slope.
15 V
CCP
Phase-Control Supply Voltage. Bypass with a 0.01µF capacitor to ground as close to the device as possible. Phase section can operate without V
CCG
.
17 PBIN Phase Breakpoint Control Input
18 PBEXP Phase Expansion Output. Connect PBEXP to PBRAW to use PBIN as the breakpoint control voltage.
19 PBRAW Uncompensated Phase Breakpoint Input
21 V
CCG
Gain-Control Supply Voltage. Bypass with a 0.01µF capacitor to ground as close to the device as possible. Gain section can operate without V
CCP
.
23 GBP Gain Breakpoint Control Input
24 GFS Fine Gain-Slope Control Input
25 GCS Coarse Gain-Slope Control Input
27 OUTG RF Gain Output. Connect OUTG to a coupling capacitor. OUTG is interchangeable with ING.
EP GND Exposed Ground Paddle. Solder EP to the ground plane.
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
Phase Expansion Circuitry
Figure 1 shows a typical PA’s phase behavior with respect to input power. For input powers less than the breakpoint level, the phase remains relatively constant. As the input power becomes greater than the break­point level, the phase begins to compress and deterio­rate the power amplifier’s linearity. To compensate for this AM-PM distortion, the MAX2009 provides phase expansion, which occurs at the same breakpoint level but with the opposite slope. The overall result is a flat phase response.
Phase Expansion Breakpoint
The phase expansion breakpoint is typically controlled by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) connected through the PBIN pin. The PBIN input voltage range of 0V to VCCcorresponds to a breakpoint input power range of 3.7dBm to 23dBm. To achieve optimal perfor­mance, the phase expansion breakpoint of the MAX2009 must be set to equal the phase compression breakpoint of the PA.
Phase Expansion Slope
The phase expansion slope of the MAX2009 must also be adjusted to equal the opposite slope of the PA’s phase compression curve. The phase expansion slope of the MAX2009 is controlled by the PFS1, PFS2, PDCS1, and PDCS2 pins. With pins PFS1 and PFS2, AC-coupled and connected to a variable capacitor or varactor diode,
the PFS1 and PFS2 pins perform the task of fine tuning the phase expansion slope. Since off-chip varactor diodes are recommended for this function, they must be closely matched and identically biased. A minimum effective capacitance of 2pF to 6pF is required to achieve the full phase slope range as specified in the Electrical Characteristics tables.
As shown in Figure 2, the varactors connected to PFS1 and PFS2 are in series with three internal capacitors on each pin. By connecting and disconnecting these inter­nal capacitors, a larger change in phase expansion slope can be achieved through the logic levels present­ed at the PDCS1 and PDCS2 pins. The phase expan­sion slope is at its maximum when both V
PDCS1
and
V
PDCS2
equal 0V. The phase tuning has a minimal
effect on the small-signal gain.
Gain Expansion Circuitry
In addition to phase compression, the PA also suffers from gain compression (AM-AM) distortion, as shown in Figure 3. The PA gain curve remains flat for input pow­ers below the breakpoint level, and begins to compress at a given rate (slope) for input powers greater than the breakpoint level. To compensate for such gain com­pression, the MAX2009 generates a gain expansion, which occurs at the same breakpoint level with the opposite slope. The overall result is a flat gain response at the PA output.
COMBINED PHASE (DEGREES)
IMPROVED
PHASE DISTORTION
MAX2009 PHASE (DEGREES)
MAX2009
PHASE EXPANSION
PA PHASE (DEGREES)
BREAKPOINT
PA PHASE
COMPRESSION
SLOPE
P
IN
(dBm) P
IN
(dBm) P
IN
(dBm)
Figure 1. PA Phase Compression Canceled by MAX2009 Phase Expansion
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable RF Predistorter
14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
MAX2009
PF_S1
PFS1
PFS2
PDCS1
PDCS2
PHASE-CONTROL
CIRCUITRY
SWITCH
CONTROL
2
Figure 2. Simplified Phase Slope Internal Circuitry
BREAKPOINT
SLOPE
P
IN
(dBm) P
IN
(dBm) P
IN
(dBm)
PA GAIN (dB)
MAX2009 GAIN (dB)
COMBINED GAIN (dB)
PA GAIN
COMPRESSION
MAX2009
GAIN EXPANSION
IMPROVED
GAIN DISTORTION
Figure 3. PA Gain Compression Canceled by MAX2009 Gain Expansion
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
Gain Expansion Breakpoint
The gain expansion breakpoint is usually controlled by a DAC connected through the GBP pin. The GBP input voltage range of 0.5V to 5V corresponds to a breakpoint input power range of 3dBm to 23dBm. To achieve the optimal performance, the gain expansion breakpoint of the MAX2009 must be set to equal the gain compres­sion point of the PA. The GBP control has a minimal effect on the small-signal gain when operated from 0.5V to 5V.
Gain Expansion Slope
In addition to properly setting the breakpoint, the gain expansion slope of the MAX2009 must also be adjusted to compensate for the PA’s gain compression. The slope should be set using the following equation:
where:
MAX2009_SLOPE = MAX2009 gain section’s slope in dB/dB.
PA_SLOPE = PA’s gain slope in dB/dB, a negative number for compressive behavior.
To modify the gain expansion slope, two adjustments must be made to the biases applied on pins GCS and GFS. Both GCS and GFS have an input voltage range of 0V to VCC, corresponding to a slope of approximately
0.1dB/dB to 0.6dB/dB. The slope is set to maximum when V
GCS
= 0V and V
GFS
= +5V, and the slope is at its
minimum when V
GCS
= +5V and V
GFS
= 0V.
Unlike the GBP pin, modifying the gain expansion slope bias on the GCS pin causes a change in the part’s inser­tion loss and noise figure. For example, a smaller slope caused by GCS results in a better insertion loss and lower noise figure. The GFS does not affect the insertion loss. It can provide up to -30% or +30% total slope varia­tion around the nominal slope set by GCS.
Large amounts of GCS bias adjustment can also lead to an undesired (or residual) phase expansion/compres­sion behavior. There exists an optimal bias voltage that minimizes this parasitic behavior (typically GCS = 1.0V). Control voltages higher than the optimal result in para­sitic phase expansion, lower control voltages result in phase compression. GFS does not contribute to the phase behavior and is preferred for slope control.
Applications Information
The following section describes the tuning methodology best implemented with a class A amplifier. Other classes of operation may require significantly different settings.
Gain and Phase Expansion Optimization
The best approach to improve the ACPR of a PA is to first optimize the AM-PM response of the phase sec­tion. For most high-frequency LDMOS amplifiers, improving the AM-PM response provides the bulk of the ACPR improvement. Figure 4 shows a typical configu­ration of the phase tuning circuit. A power sweep on a network analyzer allows quick real-time tuning of the AM-PM response. First, tune PBIN to achieve the phase expansion starting point (breakpoint) at the same point where the PA’s phase compression begins. Next, use control pins PF_S1, PDCS1, and PDCS2 to obtain the optimal AM-PM response. The typical values for these pins are shown in Figure 4.
To further improve the ACPR, connect the phase out­put to the gain input through a preamplifier. The pre­amplifier is used to compensate for the high insertion loss of the gain section. Figure 5 shows a typical appli­cation circuit of the MAX2009 with the phase section cascaded to the gain section for further ACPR opti­mization. Similar to tuning the phase section, first tune the gain expansion breakpoint through the GBP pin and adjust for the desired gain expansion with pins GCS and GFS. To minimize the effect of GCS on the parasitic phase response, minimize the control voltage to around 1V. Some retuning of the AM-PM response may be necessary.
Layout Considerations
A properly designed PC board is an essential part of any high-frequency circuit. To minimize external com­ponents, the PC board can be designed to incorporate small values of inductance and capacitance to optimize the input and output VSWR (refer to the MAX2009). The phase section’s PFS1 and PFS2 pins are sensitive to external parasitics. Minimize trace lengths and keep varactor diodes close to the pins. Remove the ground plane underneath the traces can further help reduce the parasitic capacitance. For best performance, route the ground pin traces directly to the grounded EP underneath the package. Solder the EP on the bottom of the device package evenly to the board ground plane to provide a heat transfer path along with signal grounding.
MAX SLOPE
PA SLOPE
PA SLOPE
20091_
_
_
=
+
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable RF Predistorter
16 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Power-Supply Bypassing
Bypass each VCCpin with a 0.01µF capacitor.
Exposed Pad RF
The exposed paddle (EP) of the MAX2009’s 28-pin thin QFN-EP package provides a low inductance path to ground. It is important that the EP be soldered to the ground plane on the PC board, either directly or through an array of plated via holes.
MAX2009
GAIN
CONTROL
PHASE
CONTROL
POWER
AMPLIFIER
P
OUT
= 7dBm
63
27
OUTP ING
OUTG
P
IN
= 14dBm
PREAMPLIFIER
23GBP
24GFS
GCSPDCS2PDCS1PBIN
141317 25
INP
PFS1
PFS2
PBEXP
PBRAW
9
11
12
18
19
V
PF_S1
= 1.5V
V
PBIN
= 0.8V
V
PDCS1
= 0V
V
PDCS2
= 5V
Figure 4. AM-PM Response Tuning Circuit
Table 1. Suggested Components of Typical Application Circuit
DESIGNATION
VALUE TYPE
C1, C6, C8, C10
0402 ceramic capacitors
C2, C3
0402 ceramic capacitors
C4, C5
0603 ceramic capacitors
C7, C9
0402 ceramic capacitors
R1, R2 1kΩ ±5% 0402 resistors
VR1, VR2
Skyworks
SMV1232-079
Hyperabrupt varactor diodes
8.2pF ±0.25pF
1.5pF ±0.1pF
0.01µF ±10%
0.5pF ±0.1pF
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
______________________________________________________________________________________ 17
MAX2009
GAIN
CONTROL
PHASE
CONTROL
PREAMPLIFIER
63
27
OUTP ING
OUTG
P
IN
= 14dBm
PREAMPLIFIER
23GBP
24GFS
GCSPDCS2PDCS1PBIN
141317 25
INP
PFS1
PFS2
PBEXP
PBRAW
9
11
12
18
19
V
PF_S1
= 1.5V
V
PBIN
= 0.8V
V
PDCS1
= 0V
V
PDCS2
= 5V
V
GBP
= 1V
V
GFS
= 1.5V
V
GCS
= 1V
POWER
AMPLIFIER
GAIN = 7dB
Figure 5. MAX2009 Phase and Gain Optimization Circuit
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable RF Predistorter
18 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Typical Application Circuit
28 27 26 25 24 23 22
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
MAX2009
GAIN
CONTROL
PHASE
CONTROL
GND*
GND*
ING
GND*
GND*
OUTP
GND*
V
CCG
GND*
PBRAW
PBEXP
PBIN
GND*
V
CCP
GND*
INP
GND*
PFS1
PFS2
PDCS1
PDCS2
GND*
OUTG
GND*
GCS
GFS
GBP
GND*
W = 10 mils** L = 160 mils
C9
C8
C10
PREAMPLIFER
OPTIONAL MATCH COMPENSATION*
C5
C4
CONTROL
UNIT
VR2
R1
R2
C3C2
VR1
C1
PREAMPLIFER
W = 10 mils** L = 160 mils
C7
C6
POWER
AMPLIFER
*INTERNALLY CONNECTED TO EXPOSED GROUND PADDLE. **FR4 0.015in THICK DIELECTRIC.
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT:
Bipolar: 160
CMOS: 240
PROCESS: BiCMOS
MAX2009
1200MHz to 2500MHz Adjustable
RF Predistorter
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 19
© 2003 Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
.)
QFN THIN.EPS
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