The MAX19997A dual downconversion mixer is a versatile, highly integrated diversity downconverter that provides high linearity and low noise figure for a multitude of
1800MHz to 2900MHz base-station applications. The
MAX19997A fully supports both low- and high-side LO
injection architectures for the 2300MHz to 2900MHz
WiMAX™, LTE, WCS, and MMDS bands, providing
8.7dB gain, +24dBm input IP3, and 10.3dB NF in the
low-side configuration, and 8.7dB gain, +24dBm input
IP3, and 10.4dB NF in the high-side configuration. Highside LO injection architectures can be further extended
down to 1800MHz with the addition of one tuning element (a shunt inductor) on each RF port.
The device integrates baluns in the RF and LO ports,
an LO buffer, two double-balanced mixers, and a pair
of differential IF output amplifiers. The MAX19997A
requires a typical LO drive of 0dBm and a supply current guaranteed below 420mA to achieve the targeted
linearity performance.
The MAX19997A is available in a compact 6mm x 6mm,
36-pin thin QFN lead-free package with an exposed
pad. Electrical performance is guaranteed over the
extended temperature range, from TC= -40°C to +85°C.
Applications
2.3GHz WCS Base Stations
2.5GHz WiMAX and LTE Base Stations
2.7GHz MMDS Base Stations
UMTS/WCDMA and cdma2000
®
3G Base
Stations
PCS1900 and EDGE Base Stations
PHS/PAS Base Stations
Fixed Broadband Wireless Access
Wireless Local Loop
Private Mobile Radios
Military Systems
Features
o 1800MHz to 2900MHz RF Frequency Range
o 1950MHz to 3400MHz LO Frequency Range
o 50MHz to 550MHz IF Frequency Range
o Supports Both Low-Side and High-Side LO
Injection
o 8.7dB Conversion Gain
o +24dBm Input IP3
o 10.3dB Noise Figure
o +11.3dBm Input 1dB Compression Point
o 70dBc Typical 2 x 2 Spurious Rejection at
PRF= -10dBm
o Dual Channels Ideal for Diversity Receiver
Applications
o Integrated LO Buffer
o Integrated LO and RF Baluns for Single-Ended
Inputs
o Low -3dBm to +3dBm LO Drive
o Pin Compatible with the MAX19999 3000MHz to
4000MHz Mixer
o Pin Similar to the MAX9995/MAX9995A and
MAX19995/MAX19995A 1700MHz to 2200MHz
Mixers and the MAX9985/MAX9985A and
MAX19985/MAX19985A 700MHz to 1000MHz
Mixers
o 42dB Channel-to-Channel Isolation
o Single +5.0V or +3.3V Supply
o External Current-Setting Resistors Provide Option
for Operating Device in Reduced-Power/ReducedPerformance Mode
optimized for the standard RF band (see Table 1), no input RF or LO signals applied, VCC= +4.75V to
+5.25V, T
C
= -40°C to +85°C. Typical values are at VCC= +5.0V, TC= +25°C, unless otherwise noted. R1, R4 = 750Ω, R2, R5 = 698Ω.)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VCCto GND...........................................................-0.3V to +5.5V
RF_, LO to GND.....................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
IFM_, IFD_, IFM_SET, IFD_SET, LO_ADJ_M,
LO_ADJ_D to GND.................................-0.3V to (V
CC
+ 0.3V)
RF_, LO Input Power ......................................................+15dBm
RF_, LO Current (RF_ and LO is DC
shorted to GND through balun)................................... ...50mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (Note 1) ..............................8.7W
S ee Tab l e 2 for an outl i ne of tuni ng el em ents
op ti m i zed for 1950M H z op er ati on;
op ti m i zati on at other fr eq uenci es w i thi n the
1800M H z to 2400M H z r ang e can b e
achi eved w i th different component values;
contact the factory for details
(Notes 5, 6)19503400MHz
Using Mini-Circuits TC4-1W-17 4:1
transformer as defined in the TypicalApplication Circuit, IF matching
components affect the IF frequency range
(Notes 5, 6)
IF
Using alternative Mini-Circuits TC4-1W-7A
4:1 transformer, IF matching components
affect the IF frequency range (Notes 5, 6)
3.03.33.6V
18002400MHz
100550
MHz
50250
LO Drive LevelP
LO
-3+3dBm
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
Conversion GainG
Conversion Gain Flatness
Gain Variation Over TemperatureTC
fRF = 2400MHz to 2900MHz,
C
T
= +25°C (Notes 8, 9, 10)
C
fRF = 2305MHz to 2360MHz0.15
fRF = 2500MHz to 2570MHz0.15
fRF = 2570MHz to 2620MHz0.1
fRF = 2500MHz to 2690MHz0.15
= 2700MHz to 2900MHz0.15
f
RF
fRF = 2300MHz to 2900MHz,
CG
= -40°C to +85°C
T
C
8.18.79.3dB
-0.01dB/°C
dB
MAX19997A
Dual, SiGe High-Linearity, 1800MHz to 2900MHz
Downconversion Mixer with LO Buffer
Note 5: Operation outside this range is possible, but with degraded performance of some parameters. See the
Typical Operating
Characteristics
.
Note 6: Not production tested.
Note 7: All limits reflect losses of external components, including a 0.8dB loss at f
IF
= 350MHz due to the 4:1 impedance trans-
former. Output measurements taken at the IF outputs of
Typical Application Circuit
.
Note 8: Guaranteed by design and characterization.
Note 9: 100% production tested for functional performance.
Note 10: RF frequencies below 2400MHz require external RF tuning similar to components listed in Table 2.
Note 11: Maximum reliable continuous input power applied to the RF or IF port of this device is +12dBm from a 50Ω source.
Note 12: Measured with external LO source noise filtered so the noise floor is -174dBm/Hz. This specification reflects the effects of
all SNR degradations in the mixer, including the LO noise as defined in Application Note 2021:
Specifications and
Measurement of Local Oscillator Noise in Integrated Circuit Base Station Mixers
.
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
2RF - 2LO Spur2 x 2
3RF - 3LO Spur3 x 3
RF Input Return Loss
LO Input Return Loss
IF Output ImpedanceZ
IF Output Return Loss
RF-to-IF Isolation25dB
LO Leakage at RF Port-36dBm
2LO Leakage at RF Port-31dBm
LO Leakage at IF Port-13.5dBm
Channel Isolation
PRF = -10dBm, f
= -5dBm, f
P
RF
PRF = -10dBm, f
= -5dBm, f
P
RF
LO on and IF terminated into a matched
impedance
RF and IF terminated into a matched
impedance
Nominal differential impedance at the IC’s
IF
IF outputs
RF terminated into 50Ω, LO driven by 50Ω
source, IF transformed to 50Ω using
external components shown in the Typical
Application Circuit
RFMAIN (RFDIV) converted power
measured at IFDIV (IFMAIN) relative to
IFMAIN (IFDIV), all unused ports terminated
to 50Ω
The MAX19997A dual, downconversion mixer provides
high linearity and low noise figure for a multitude of
1800MHz to 2900MHz base-station applications. The
device fully supports both low-side and high-side LO
injection architectures for the 2300MHz to 2900MHz
WiMAX, LTE, WCS, and MMDS bands. WCDMA,
cdma2000, and PCS1900 applications utilizing highside LO injection architectures are also supported by
adding one additional tuning element (a shunt inductor)
on each RF port.
The MAX19997A operates over an LO range of
1950MHz to 3400MHz and an IF range of 50MHz to
550MHz. Integrated baluns and matching circuitry allow
50Ω single-ended interfaces to the RF and LO ports.
The integrated LO buffer provides a high drive level to
the mixer core, reducing the LO drive required at the
MAX19997A’s input to a range of -3dBm to +3dBm. The
IF port incorporates a differential output, which is ideal
for providing enhanced 2RF - 2LO (low-side injection)
and 2LO - 2RF (high-side injection) performance.
RF Input and Balun
The MAX19997A’s two RF inputs (RFMAIN and RFDIV)
provide a 50Ω match when combined with a series DCblocking capacitor. This DC-blocking capacitor is
required as the input is internally DC shorted to ground
through each channel’s on-chip balun. When using a
22pF DC-blocking capacitor, the RF port input return
loss is typically 15dB over the RF frequency range of
2600MHz to 2900MHz.
Pin Description
PINNAMEFUNCTION
1RFMAIN
2, 5, 6, 8, 12, 15,
18, 23, 28, 31, 34
3, 7, 20, 22, 24–27GND
4, 10, 16, 21, 30,
36
9RFDIVDiversity Channel RF Input. Internal matched to 50Ω. Requires a DC-blocking capacitor.
11IFD_SET
13, 14IFD+, IFD-
17LO_ADJ_D
19LO
29LO_ADJ_M
32, 33IFM-, IFM+
35IFM_SET
GNDGround. Not internally connected. Ground these pins or leave unconnected.
V
CC
Main Channel RF Input. Internally matched to 50Ω. Requires an input DC-blocking
capacitor.
Ground. Internally connected to the exposed pad. Connect all ground pins and the
exposed pad (EP) together.
Power Supply. Connect bypass capacitors as close as possible to the pin (see the
Typical Application Circuit).
IF Diversity Amplifier Bias Control. Connect a resistor from this pin to ground to set the
bias current for the diversity IF amplifier.
Diversity Mixer Differential IF Output. Connect pullup inductors from each of these pins
to V
(see the Typical Application Circuit).
CC
LO Diversity Amplifier Bias Control. Connect a resistor from this pin to ground to set the
bias current for the diversity LO amplifier.
Local Oscillator Input. This input is internally matched to 50Ω. Requires an input DCblocking capacitor.
LO Main Amplifier Bias Control. Connect a resistor from this pin to ground to set the bias
current for the main LO amplifier.
Main Mixer Differential IF Output. Connect pullup inductors from each of these pins to
(see the Typical Application Circuit).
V
CC
IF Main Amplifier Bias Control. Connect a resistor from this pin to ground to set the bias
current for the main IF amplifier.
E xp osed P ad . Inter nal l y connected to GN D . S ol d er thi s exp osed p ad to a P C B p ad that
—EP
uses m ul ti p l e g r ound vi as to p r ovi d e heat tr ansfer out of the d evi ce i nto the P C B g r ound
p l anes. These m ul ti p l e g r ound vi as ar e al so r eq ui r ed to achi eve the noted RF p er for m ance.
MAX19997A
Dual, SiGe High-Linearity, 1800MHz to 2900MHz
Downconversion Mixer with LO Buffer
The MAX19997A’s RF range can be further extended
down to 1800MHz by adding one additional tuning element on each RF port. For 1950MHz RF applications,
connect a 12nH shunt inductor from pins 1 and 9 to
ground. Also, change the value of the DC-blocking
capacitors (C1 and C8) from 22pF to 1pF. See the
Typical Application Circuit
for details.
LO Input, Buffer, and Balun
A two-stage internal LO buffer allows a wide input
power range for the LO drive. All guaranteed specifications are for an LO signal power from -3dBm to +3dBm.
The on-chip low-loss balun, along with an LO buffer,
drives the double-balanced mixer. All interfacing and
matching components from the LO input to the IF outputs are integrated on-chip.
High-Linearity Mixer
The core of the MAX19997A is a pair of doublebalanced, high-performance passive mixers.
Exceptional linearity is provided by the large LO swing
from the on-chip LO buffer. When combined with the
integrated IF amplifiers, the cascaded IIP3, 2RF - 2LO
rejection, and NF performance are typically +24dBm
IIP3, -67dBc, and 10.3dB, respectively for low-side LO
injection architectures covering the 2300MHz to
2900MHz band. Cascaded performance levels are
comparable for high-side LO injection architectures;
IIP3, 2LO - 2RF rejection, and NF levels are typically
rated at +24dBm IIP3, -73dBc, and 10.4dB, respectively over the same 2300MHz to 2900MHz band.
Differential IF Output Amplifier
The MAX19997A mixers have an IF frequency range of
50MHz to 550MHz. The differential, open-collector IF
output ports require external pullup inductors to VCC.
These pullup inductors are also used to resonate out the
parasitic shunt capacitance of the IC, PCB components,
and PCB to provide an optimized IF match at the frequency of interest. Note that differential IF outputs are
ideal for providing enhanced 2RF - 2LO and 2LO - 2RF
rejection performance. Single-ended IF applications
require a 4:1 balun to transform the 200Ω differential
output impedance to a 50Ω single-ended output. After
the balun, voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) is typically 1.2:1.
Applications Information
Input and Output Matching
The RF and LO inputs are internally matched to 50Ω. No
matching components are required for RF frequencies
ranging from 2400MHz to 2900MHz. RF and LO inputs
require only DC-blocking capacitors for interfacing.
If desired, the RF band can be extended down to
1800MHz by adding two external matching components on each RF port. See the
Typical Application
Circuit
and Table 2 for details.
The IF output impedance is 200Ω (differential). For
evaluation, an external low-loss 4:1 (impedance ratio)
balun transforms this impedance down to a 50Ω singleended output (see the
Typical Application Circuit
).
Reduced-Power Mode
Each channel of the MAX19997A has two pins
(LO_ADJ_ _, IF_ _SET) that allow external resistors to set
the internal bias currents. Nominal values for these
resistors are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Larger-value
resistors can be used to reduce power dissipation at the
expense of some performance loss. If ±1% resistors are
not readily available, ±5% resistors may be substituted.
Significant reductions in power consumption can be
realized by operating the mixer with an optional supply
voltage of +3.3V. Doing so reduces the overall power
consumption by up to 53%. See the
+3.3V Supply,
Low-Side LO Injection AC Electrical Characteristics
table and the relevant +3.3V curves in the
Typical
Operating Characteristics
section to evaluate the power
vs. performance tradeoffs.
Layout Considerations
A properly designed PCB is an essential part of any
RF/microwave circuit. Keep RF signal lines as short as
possible to reduce losses, radiation, and inductance.
For the best performance, route the ground pin traces
directly to the exposed pad under the package.
The PCB exposed pad MUST be connected to the
ground plane of the PCB. It is suggested that multiple
vias be used to connect this pad to the lower-level
ground planes. This method provides a good RF/thermal-conduction path for the device. Solder the exposed
pad on the bottom of the device package to the PCB.
The MAX19997A evaluation kit can be used as a reference for board layout. Gerber files are available upon
request at www.maxim-ic.com.
Table 1. Standard RF Band Application Circuit Component Values (Optimized for
Frequencies Ranging from 2400MHz to 2900MHz)
*
Use 390nH (0805) inductors for an IF frequency of 200MHz. Contact the factory for details.
Power-Supply Bypassing
Proper voltage supply bypassing is essential for highfrequency circuit stability. Bypass each V
CC
pin with
the capacitors shown in the
Typical Application Circuit
.
Exposed Pad RF/Thermal Considerations
The exposed pad (EP) of the MAX19997A’s 36-pin thin
QFN-EP package provides a low thermal-resistance
path to the die. It is important that the PCB on which the
MAX19997A is mounted be designed to conduct heat
from the EP. In addition, provide the EP with a lowinductance path to electrical ground. The EP MUST be
soldered to a ground plane on the PCB, either directly
or through an array of plated via holes.
DESIGNATIONQTYDESCRIPTIONCOMPONENT SUPPLIER
C1, C8222pF microwave capacitors (0402)
C1411.5pF microwave capacitor (0402)
C4, C9, C13, C15,
C17, C18
C10, C11, C12,
C19, C20, C21
L1, L2, L3, L44120nH wire-wound high-Q inductors* (0805)Coilcraft, Inc.
L7, L80Not used—
R1, R42
60.01µF microwave capacitors (0402)
682pF microwave capacitors (0603)
750Ω ±1% resistors (0402). Use for VCC = +5.0V applications. Larger
values can be used to reduce power at the expense of some
performance loss. See the Typical Operating Characteristics section.
1.1kΩ ±1% resistors (0402). Use for V
values can be used to reduce power at the expense of some
performance loss. See the Typical Operating Characteristics section.
= +3.3V applications. Larger
CC
Murata Electronics North
America, Inc.
Murata Electronics North
America, Inc.
Murata Electronics North
America, Inc.
Murata Electronics North
America, Inc.
Digi-Key Corp.
Digi-Key Corp.
698Ω ±1% resistors (0402). Use for VCC = +5.0V applications. Larger
values can be used to reduce power at the expense of some
R2, R52
R3, R62
T1, T224:1 IF baluns (TC4-1W-17+)Mini-Circuits
U11MAX19997A IC (36 TQFN-EP)
performance loss. See the Typical Operating Characteristics section.
845Ω ±1% resistors (0402). Use for V
values can be used to reduce power at the expense of some
performance loss. See the Typical Operating Characteristics section.
0Ω resistors (1206). These resistors can be increased in value to reduce
power dissipation in the device, but reduces the compression point. Full
performance achieved using 0Ω.
P
1dB
= +3.3V applications. Larger
CC
Digi-Key Corp.
Digi-Key Corp.
Digi-Key Corp.
Maxim Integrated Products,
Inc.
MAX19997A
Dual, SiGe High-Linearity, 1800MHz to 2900MHz
Downconversion Mixer with LO Buffer
Table 2. Extended RF Band Application Circuit Component Values (Optimized for
1950MHz Operation)
*
Use 390nH (0805) inductors for an IF frequency of 200MHz. Contact the factory for details.
DESIGNATIONQTYDESCRIPTIONCOMPONENT SUPPLIER
C1, C821pF microwave capacitors (0402)
C1411.5pF microwave capacitor (0402)
C4, C9, C13, C15,
C17, C18
C10, C11, C12,
C19, C20, C21
L1, L2, L3, L44120nH wire-wound high-Q inductors* (0805)Coilcraft, Inc.
L7, L82
60.01µF microwave capacitors (0402)
682pF microwave capacitors (0603)
12nH i nd uctor s ( 0402) . U se to i m p r ove RF m atch fr om 1800M H z to
2400M H z. C onnect L7 and L8 fr om p i ns 1 and 9, r esp ecti vel y, to g r ound .
Murata Electronics North
America, Inc.
Murata Electronics North
America, Inc.
Murata Electronics North
America, Inc.
Murata Electronics North
America, Inc.
Coilcraft, Inc.
750Ω ±1% resistors (0402). Use for V
R1, R42
R2, R52
R3, R62
T1, T224:1 IF baluns (TC4-1W-17+)Mini-Circuits
U11MAX19997A IC (36 TQFN-EP)
values can be used to reduce power at the expense of some
performance loss. See the Typical Operating Characteristics section.
698Ω ±1% resistors (0402). Use for V
values can be used to reduce power at the expense of some
performance loss. See the Typical Operating Characteristics section.
0Ω resistors (1206). These resistors can be increased in value to reduce
power dissipation in the device, but reduces the compression point. Full
For the latest package outline information and land patterns
(footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
. Note that a
“+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only.
Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but
the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE
TYPE
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE NO.
LAND
PATTERN NO.
36 Thin QFN-EPT3666+2
21-0141
90-0049
TOP VIEW
RFMAIN
GND
GND
V
CC
GND
GND
GND
GND
RFDIV
EXPOSED PAD ON THE BOTTOM OF THE PACKAGE.
CC
V
IFM_SET
GND
36
35
11
IFD_SET
34
12
GND
+
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CC
V
6mm x 6mm THIN QFN (EXPOSED PAD)
CC
IFM+
33
13
IFD+
IFM-
GND
32
31
MAX19997A
EXPOSED
14
15
IFD-
GND
PAD
LO_ADJ_M
V
30
16
CC
V
GND
29
28
17
18
GND
LO_ADJ_D
27
GND
26
GND
25
GND
24
GND
23
GND
22
GND
21
V
CC
20
GND
19
LO
MAX19997A
Dual, SiGe High-Linearity, 1800MHz to 2900MHz
Downconversion Mixer with LO Buffer
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________