The MAX1947 is a compact, high-efficiency, step-up DCDC converter that regulates output voltages from 1.8V to
3.3V to power µP/DSP cores, memory, and I/O rails in 1and 2-cell alkaline/NiMH/NiCd battery-powered systems.
It features an internal 800mA switch and synchronous
rectifier to achieve up to 94% efficiency and to eliminate
the need for an external Schottky diode.
High-frequency switching (up to 2MHz) results in low
ripple and small external components, while automatic
pulse skipping at light loads reduces supply current to
just 70µA for extended battery life. Maxim’s proprietary
True Shutdown™ reduces supply current to just 2µA
and fully discharges the output to ground. The converter is offered in fixed-output voltages of 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.0V,
and 3.3V, requiring no feedback or compensation network. A 75ms RESET output flag provides for power-on
reset (POR) and undervoltage detection. The MAX1947
is available in a space-saving 8-pin TDFN package.
Applications
MP3 Players, Pagers, and CD Players
PDAs and Organizers
Digital Still Cameras
Cordless Phones
Wireless Mice/Keyboards
Portable Medical Equipment
Other Battery-Powered Systems
Features
♦ Low Input (0.7V) and Output (1.8V) Voltage
Capability
♦ Internal Synchronous Rectifier
♦ High 94% Efficiency
♦ Fixed Output Voltages: 1.8V, 2.5V, 3V, and 3.3V
♦ Up to 2MHz Switching Allows Small External
Components and Low Output Ripple
♦ Automatic Pulse Skipping at Light Loads for
Extended Battery Life
♦ Low 70µA (typ) Operating Supply Current
(Measured at OUT)
♦ Low 2µA Logic-Controlled Shutdown
♦ True Shutdown Fully Discharges Output to Ground
♦ Uses Only Small Ceramic Capacitors
♦ 75ms RESET Output Flag
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
*xy represents the output voltage code (e.g., 18 =1.8V).
Standard output voltages include 3.3V (33), 3.0V (30), 2.5V
(25), and 1.8V (18). Contact the factory for other output voltages
in 100mV increments between 1.8V and 3.3V; the minimum
order quantity is 25,000 units.
+Denotes lead-free package.
EVALUATION KIT
AVAILABLE
True Shutdown is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
PARTTEMP RANGEPIN-PACKAGE
MAX1947ETAxy*-T-40°C to +85°C
MAX1947ETAxy*+T -40°C to +85°C
8 TDFN 3mm x 3mm
8 TDFN 3mm x 3mm
PKG
CODE
T833-1
T833-1
TOP VIEW
RESET
1
2
GND
3
4
A "+" SIGN WILL REPLACE THE FIRST
PIN INDICATOR ON LEAD-FREE PACKAGES.
MAX1947
TDFN
3mm x 3mm
87BATT
OUTGND
LX
6
PGNDSHDN
5
MAX1947
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with
= 1.5V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note 1: LX has internal clamp diodes to PGND and OUT. Applications that forward bias these diodes should take care not to exceed the
IC’s package power-dissipation limits.
BATT, OUT, SHDN to GND ...................................-0.3V to +4.0V
RESET to GND..........................................-0.3V to (V
OUT
+ 0.3V)
PGND to GND .......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
Note 2: Limits are 100% production tested at TA= +25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed by design.
Note 3: When BATT is greater than the output-voltage set point, the part is in track mode (see the Track Mode section).
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
BATT
= 1.5V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)
Startup to Normal-Mode Output
Transition Voltage
NFET Current Limit
PFET Turn-Off Current
Internal NFET
On-Resistance
Internal PFET
On-Resistance
LX Leakage Current
SHUTDOWN MODE
Shutdown Supply CurrentSHDN = GND24µA
SHDN Input Voltage
SHDN Input Bias Current
OUT Discharge Resistance in
Shutdown
RESET OUTPUT
Reset OUT Voltage Trip LevelV
Minimum V
Reset Timeout65140235ms
RESET Output Voltage
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
50mV hysteresis, rising edge1.401.621.73V
TA = 0°C to +85°C6008001000
T
= -40°C to +85°C5808001000
A
TA = 0°C to +85°C1575150
T
= -40°C to +85°C1075150
A
MAX1947ETA180.30.6
I
= 100mA
LX
I
= 100mA
LX
SHDN = GND, V
V
= 3.6V
LX
V
IH
V
IL
SHDN = OUT or GND, TA = +25°C1100
SHDN = OUT or GND, T
SHDN = GND5001000Ω
falling, 1% hysteresis879093%
OUT
for Valid Reset0.9V
OUT
I
= 200µA0.3
SINK
I
= 200µA0.8 x V
SOURCE
MAX1947ETA250.220.44
MAX1947ETA300.170.34
MAX1947ETA330.150.3
MAX1947ETA180.51.0
MAX1947ETA250.350.7
MAX1947ETA300.280.56
MAX1947ETA330.250.5
OUT
= 0V,
TA = +25°C0.11
T
= +85°C1
A
0.8 x
V
BATT
= +85°C5
A
OUT
0.18 x
V
BATT
mA
mA
Ω
Ω
µA
V
nA
V
MAX1947
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with
(VIN= 1.5V, Circuit of Typical Application Circuit, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
1.74
1.76
1.80
1.78
1.82
1.84
010050150 200 250 300 350
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. LOAD CURRENT
MAX1947toc10
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
HEAVY-LOAD SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
MAX1947toc13
V
OUT
(AC-COUPLED)
I
L
V
LX
V
IN
(AC-COUPLED)
50mV/div
50mV/div
2V/div
500mA/div
2μs/div
LINE-TRANSIENT WAVEFORMS
MAX1947toc15
V
IN
V
OUT
(AC-COUPLED)
1.5V
1V
50mV/div
10μs/div
1.74
1.76
1.80
1.78
1.82
1.84
0.70.90.81.0 1.11.31.51.21.41.6 1.7
NO-LOAD OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
MAX1947toc11
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
LIGHT-LOAD SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
MAX1947toc14
V
OUT
(AC-COUPLED)
I
L
V
LX
V
IN
(AC-COUPLED)
50mV/div
50mV/div
2V/div
500mA/div
2μs/div
LOAD-TRANSIENT WAVEFORMS
MAX1947toc16
I
LOAD
V
OUT
(AC-COUPLED)
200mA/div
50mV/div
10μs/div
1.74
1.76
1.80
1.78
1.82
1.84
-4010-15356085
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX1947toc12
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
I
LOAD
= 40mA
MAX1947
Detailed Description
The MAX1947 compact step-up DC-DC converter starts
up with voltages as low as 0.8V and operates with input
voltages down to 0.7V. An internal synchronous rectifier
reduces cost by eliminating the need for an external
Schottky diode and improves overall efficiency by
reducing losses in the circuit. The efficiency is further
increased with the low 70µA quiescent current and low
on-resistance of the internal n-channel MOSFET power
switch. The MAX1947 uses Maxim’s proprietary True
Shutdown circuitry, which disconnects the output from
the input in shutdown and actively discharges the
output to ground.
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with
(VIN= 1.5V, Circuit of Typical Application Circuit, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
V
V
RESET
IN
V
OUT
PINNAMEFUNCTION
POWER-ON RESET WAVEFORMS
20ms/div
MAX1947toc17
1V/div
1V/div
1V/div
V
RESET
V
SHDN
EXITING AND ENTERING
SHUTDOWN WAVEFORMS
V
OUT
20ms/div
MAX1947toc18
1V/div
1V/div
1V/div
Active-Low Push-Pull Reset Output. RESET goes high 75ms (min) after the output voltage has
1RESET
2GNDGround. Connect to exposed paddle.
3GNDGround. Connect to exposed paddle.
4SHDN
5PGNDPower Ground. Connect to exposed paddle.
6LX
7OUT
8BATTBatter y C onnecti on. V
—EPExposed Paddle. Connect to GND and PGND.
exceeded 90% of its final value. The RESET output is valid for output voltages as low as 0.9V. RESET
is driven low in shutdown.
Shutdown Input. Connect to BATT or logic 1 for normal operation. Connect to GND or logic 0 for a low
quiescent-current shutdown mode.
Inductor Connection to the Drains of the Internal n-Channel Switch and p-Channel Synchronous
Rectifier
Regulator Output. Bypass with 10µF ceramic capacitor to GND for full-load capability. For less than
50% of full load, a 4.7µF capacitor can be used.
i s used for the star tup osci l l ator and to p ow er the chi p w hen V
B A TT
OU T
< V
B A TT
.
Control Scheme
The MAX1947 is a bootstrapped design. Upon turn-on,
a startup oscillator brings the output voltage high
enough to allow the main DC-DC circuitry to run. Once
the output voltage reaches 1.62V (typ) the main DC-DC
circuitry turns on and boosts the output voltage to the
final regulation point.
The unique minimum off-time, current-limited control
scheme is the key to the MAX1947’s low operating current and high efficiency over a wide load range. The
architecture combines the high output power and efficiency of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) device with
the ultra-low quiescent current of a traditional pulseskipping controller. The switching frequency can be as
high as 2MHz and depends upon the load current and
input voltage. The MAX1947 is designed to operate
using low-ESR ceramic capacitors, so output voltage
ripple due to ESR is very small (approximately 10mV
P-P
).
Track Mode
The MAX1947 enters track mode when BATT is greater
than the output-voltage regulation point. Track mode
can only be entered under the following conditions:
V
BATT
> V
OUT
, V
OUT
> V
OUT
regulation point, and the
minimum off-time expires. During track mode, the synchronous rectifier is turned on 100% of the time and the
output voltage tracks the battery voltage. Track mode is
exited by V
OUT
falling below the V
OUT
regulation point.
Synchronous Rectification
The internal synchronous rectifier eliminates the need
for an external Schottky diode, reducing cost and board
space. During the cycle off-time, the p-channel MOSFET
turns on and shunts the MOSFET body diode. As a
result, the synchronous rectifier significantly improves
efficiency without the addition of an external component. Conversion efficiency can be as high as 94%.
RESET
The MAX1947 features an active-low push-pull RESET
output for use with a microcontroller (µC). It signals the
µC when the MAX1947 output voltage is within operating limits. During startup, RESET is held low. When the
RESET threshold (90% of the output regulation voltage)
is reached, a 75ms (min) timer begins counting. RESET
is switched high once the timer expires.
The MAX1947 enters shutdown mode when SHDN is
driven low. During shutdown, the synchronous rectifier
disconnects the output from the input, eliminating the DC
conduction path that normally exists with traditional boost
converters in shutdown mode. The output is actively discharged to ground through an internal 500Ω resistor. The
quiescent current is reduced to 2µA while in shutdown
mode. Drive SHDN high for normal operation. The output
reaches regulation approximately 650µs after SHDN
goes high.
Applications Information
Inductor Selection
An inductor value of 4.7µH performs well in most applications. The MAX1947 also works with inductors in the
2.2µH to 6.8µH range. Smaller inductance values typi-
cally offer a smaller physical size for a given series
resistance, allowing the smallest overall circuit dimensions but with lower output-current capability. Circuits
using larger inductance values exhibit higher outputcurrent capability, but are larger for the same series
resistance and current rating.
The inductor’s incremental saturation current rating should
be greater than the peak switch-current limit. However, it
is generally acceptable to bias the inductor into saturation
by as much as 20%, although this slightly reduces
efficiency (see the Electrical Characteristics for the
MAX1947 NFET current limit). Table 1 lists the suggested
components for several typical applications. Also, the
inductor’s DC resistance significantly affects efficiency.
Table 2 lists suggested component manufacturers.
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with
is
the LX switch’s off-time (0.25µs typ), and RLis the
series resistance of the inductor.
Capacitor Selection
The MAX1947 is specifically designed for using small,
inexpensive, low-ESR ceramic capacitors. X5R and
X7R dielectrics are recommended when operating over
wide temperature ranges. Bypass the output of the
MAX1947 with 10µF when using maximum load currents. When using less than half the maximum load current capability, the output capacitor can be reduced to
4.7µF. Bypass the input with a 2.2µF or larger ceramic
capacitor. Table 1 lists the suggested values for the
input and output capacitors for typical applications.
PCB Layout and Grounding
Careful PCB layout is important for minimizing ground
bounce and noise. Keep the IC’s GND pins and the
ground leads of the input and output filter capacitors
very close together. Connect GND and PGND directly
to the exposed paddle. In addition, keep all connections to the OUT and LX pins as short as possible. To
maximize output power and efficiency and minimize
output ripple voltage, use short, wide traces from the
input and output. A sample layout is available in the
MAX1947 evaluation kit.
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
.)
6, 8, &10L, DFN THIN.EPS
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 6,8,10 & 14L,
TDFN, EXPOSED PAD, 3x3x0.80 mm
21-0137
1
H
2
MAX1947
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with
RESET
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
11 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
.)
Revision History
Pages changed at Revision 5: 1, 2, 8, 10
COMMON DIMENSIONS
SYMBOL
MIN. MAX.
A0.70 0.80
D2.903.10
E2.903.10
A1
0.000.05
L0.200.40
0.25 MIN.k
A20.20 REF.
PACKAGE VARIATIONS
PKG. CODE ND2E2eJEDEC SPECb[(N/2)-1] x e