The MAX1184 is a 3V, dual 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) featuring fully-differential wideband trackand-hold (T/H) inputs, driving two pipelined, 9-stage
ADCs. The MAX1184 is optimized for low-power, highdynamic performance applications in imaging, instrumentation, and digital communication applications. This
ADC operates from a single 2.7V to 3.6V supply, consuming only 105mW while delivering a typical signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) of 59.5dB at an input frequency of
7.5MHz and a sampling rate of 20Msps. The T/H driven
input stages incorporate 400MHz (-3dB) input amplifiers.
The converters may also be operated with single-ended
inputs. In addition to low operating power, the MAX1184
features a 2.8mA sleep mode as well as a 1µA powerdown mode to conserve power during idle periods.
An internal 2.048V precision bandgap reference sets
the full-scale range of the ADC. A flexible reference
structure allows the use of the internal or an externally
derived reference, if desired for applications requiring
increased accuracy or a different input voltage range.
The MAX1184 features parallel, CMOS-compatible
three-state outputs. The digital output format is set to
two’s complement or straight offset binary through a single control pin. The device provides for a separate output power supply of 1.7V to 3.6V for flexible interfacing.
The MAX1184 is available in a 7mm x 7mm, 48-pin
TQFP package, and is specified for the extended
industrial (-40°C to +85°C) temperature range.
Pin-compatible higher speed versions of the MAX1184
are also available. See Table 2 at end of data sheet for a
list of pin-compatible versions. Refer to the MAX1180
data sheet for 105Msps, the MAX1181 data sheet for
80Msps, the MAX1182 data sheet for 65Msps, and the
MAX1183 data sheet for 40Msps. In addition to these
speed grades, this family includes a 20Msps multiplexed output version (MAX1185), for which digital data
is presented time-interleaved on a single, parallel 10-bit
output port.
Applications
High-Resolution Imaging
I/Q Channel Digitization
Multchannel IF Undersampling
Instrumentation
Video Application
Features
♦ Single 3V Operation
♦ Excellent Dynamic Performance:
59.5dB SNR at f
IN
= 7.5MHz
74dB SFDR at f
IN
= 7.5MHz
♦ Low Power:
35mA (Normal Operation)
2.8mA (Sleep Mode)
1µA (Shutdown Mode)
♦ 0.02dB Gain and 0.25° Phase Matching (typ)
♦ Wide ±1V
(VDD= 3V, OVDD= 2.5V, 0.1µF and 1.0µF capacitors from REFP, REFN, and COM to GND; REFOUT connected to REFIN through a
10kΩ resistor, V
IN
= 2V
P-P
(differential with respect to COM), CL= 10pF at digital outputs (Note 1), f
CLK
= 20MHz, TA= T
MIN
to T
MAX
,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T
A
= +25°C.) (Note 2)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VDD, OVDD to GND...............................................-0.3V to +3.6V
OGND to GND.......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
INA+, INA-, INB+, INB- to GND ...............................-0.3V to V
DD
REFIN, REFOUT, REFP, REFN, CLK,
COM to GND ..........................................-0.3V to (V
DD
+ 0.3V)
OE, PD, SLEEP, T/B, D9A–D0A,
D9B–D0B to OGND .............................-0.3V to (OV
(VDD= 3V, OVDD= 2.5V, 0.1µF and 1.0µF capacitors from REFP, REFN, and COM to GND; REFOUT connected to REFIN through a
10kΩ resistor, V
IN
= 2V
P-P
(differential with respect to. COM), CL= 10pF at digital outputs (Note 1), f
CLK
= 20MHz, TA= T
MIN
to
T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C.) (Note 2)
Note 1: Equivalent dynamic performance is obtainable over full OVDDrange with reduced CL.
Note 2: Specifications at ≥ +25°C are guaranteed by production test and < +25°C are guaranteed by design and characterization.
Note 3: SNR, SINAD, THD, SFDR, and HD3 are based on an analog input voltage of -0.5dBFS referenced to a 1.024V full-scale
input voltage range.
Note 4: Intermodulation distortion is the total power of the intermodulation products relative to the individual carrier. This number is
6dB or better, if referenced to the two-tone envelope.
Note 5: Digital outputs settle to V
IH
, VIL. Parameter guaranteed by design.
Note 6: With REFIN driven externally, REFP, COM, and REFN are left floating while powered down.
21D9BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 9 (MSB), Channel B
22D8BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 8, Channel B
23D7BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 7, Channel B
24D6BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 6, Channel B
25D5BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 5, Channel B
26D4BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 4, Channel B
27D3BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 3, Channel B
28D2BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 2, Channel B
29D1BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 1, Channel B
30D0BThree-State Digital Output, Bit 0 (LSB), Channel B
31, 34OGNDOutput Driver Ground
32, 33OV
35D0AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 0 (LSB), Channel A
36D1AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 1, Channel A
37D2AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 2, Channel A
38D3AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 3, Channel A
39D4AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 4, Channel A
40D5AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 5, Channel A
41D6AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 6, Channel A
42D7AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 7, Channel A
43D8AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 8, Channel A
44D9AThree-State Digital Output, Bit 9 (MSB), Channel A
45REFOUT
46REFINReference Input. V
47REFP
48REFN
—EPExposed Pad. Connect to analog ground.
DD
Output Driver Supply Voltage. Bypass each pin to OGND with a 0.1µF capacitor. The output
driver supply accepts an input range of 1.7V to 3.6V.
Internal Reference Voltage Output. May be connected to REFIN through a resistor or a resistor
divider.
= 2 x (V
REFIN
Positive Reference Input/Output. Conversion range is ± (V
> 0.1µF capacitor.
Negative Reference Input/Output. Conversion range is ± (V
a > 0.1µF capacitor.
REFP
- V
REFN
). Bypass to GND with a >1nF capacitor.
- V
REFP
REFP
). Bypass to GND with a
REFN
- V
). Bypass to GND with
REFN
Detailed Description
The MAX1184 uses a 9-stage, fully-differential
pipelined architecture (Figure 1) that allows for highspeed conversion while minimizing power consumption. Samples taken at the inputs move progressively
through the pipeline stages every half clock cycle.
Counting the delay through the output latch, the clockcycle latency is five clock cycles.
1.5-bit (2-comparator) flash ADCs convert the heldinput voltages into a digital code. The digital-to-analog
converters (DACs) convert the digitized results back
into analog voltages, which are then subtracted from
the original held input signals. The resulting error signals are then multiplied by two and the residues are
passed along to the next pipeline stages, where the
process is repeated until the signals have been
processed by all nine stages. Digital error correction
compensates for ADC comparator offsets in each of
these pipeline stages and ensures no missing codes.
= INPUT VOLTAGE BETWEEN INA+ AND INA- (DIFFERENTIAL OR SINGLE-ENDED)
INA
= INPUT VOLTAGE BETWEEN INB+ AND INB- (DIFFERENTIAL OR SINGLE-ENDED)
V
INB
DIGITAL CORRECTION LOGIC
T/H
V
INB
10
D9B–D0B
MAX1184
Input Track-and-Hold (T/H) Circuits
Figure 2 displays a simplified functional diagram of the
input track-and-hold (T/H) circuits in both track-andhold mode. In track mode, switches S1, S2a, S2b, S4a,
S4b, S5a, and S5b are closed. The fully differential circuits sample the input signals onto the two capacitors
(C2a and C2b) through switches S4a and S4b. S2a and
S2b set the common mode for the amplifier input, and
open simultaneously with S1, sampling the input waveform. Switches S4a and S4b are then opened before
switches S3a and S3b, connect capacitors C1a and
C1b to the output of the amplifier, and switch S4c is
closed. The resulting differential voltages are held on
capacitors C2a and C2b. The amplifiers are used to
charge capacitors C1a and C1b to the same values
originally held on C2a and C2b. These values are then
presented to the first-stage quantizers and isolate the
pipelines from the fast-changing inputs. The wide input
bandwidth T/H amplifiers allow the MAX1184 to trackand-sample/hold analog inputs of high frequencies (>
Nyquist). The ADC inputs (INA+, INB+, INA-, and INB-)
can be driven either differentially or single-ended.
Match the impedance of INA+ and INA-, as well as
INB+ and INB- and set the common-mode voltage to
midsupply (V
DD
/2) for optimum performance.
Analog Inputs and Reference
Configurations
The full-scale range of the MAX1184 is determined by the
internally generated voltage difference between REFP
(VDD/2 + V
REFIN
/4) and REFN (VDD/2 - V
REFIN
/4). The
full-scale range for both on-chip ADCs is adjustable
through the REFIN pin, which is provided for this purpose.
REFOUT, REFP, COM (VDD/2), and REFN are internally
buffered low-impedance outputs.
The MAX1184 provides three modes of reference operation:
• Internal reference mode
• Buffered external reference mode
• Unbuffered external reference mode
In internal reference mode, connect the internal reference output REFOUT to REFIN through a resistor (e.g.,
10kΩ) or resistor-divider, if an application requires a
reduced full-scale range. For stability and noise filtering
purposes, bypass REFIN with a >10nF capacitor to
GND. In internal reference mode, REFOUT, COM,
REFP, and REFN become low-impedance outputs.
In buffered external reference mode, adjust the reference voltage levels externally by applying a stable and
accurate voltage at REFIN. In this mode, COM, REFP,
and REFN become outputs. REFOUT may be left open
or connected to REFIN through a >10kΩ resistor.
In unbuffered external reference mode, connect REFIN
to GND. This deactivates the on-chip reference buffers
for REFP, COM, and REFN. With their buffers shut
down, these nodes become high impedance and may
be driven through separate external reference sources.
Dual 10-Bit, 20Msps, 3V, Low-Power ADC with
Internal Reference and Parallel Outputs
The MAX1184’s CLK input accepts CMOS-compatible
clock signals. Since the interstage conversion of the
device depends on the repeatability of the rising and
falling edges of the external clock, use a clock with low
jitter and fast rise and fall times (< 2ns). In particular,
sampling occurs on the rising edge of the clock signal,
requiring this edge to provide lowest possible jitter. Any
significant aperture jitter would limit the SNR performance of the on-chip ADCs as follows:
where f
IN
represents the analog input frequency and t
AJ
is the time of the aperture jitter.
Clock jitter is especially critical for undersampling
applications. The clock input should always be considered as an analog input and routed away from any analog input or other digital signal lines.
The MAX1184 clock input operates with a voltage threshold set to V
DD
/2. Clock inputs with a duty cycle other than
50%, must meet the specifications for high and low periods as stated in the Electrical Characteristics.
System Timing Requirements
Figure 3 depicts the relationship between the clock
input, analog input, and data output. The MAX1184
samples at the rising edge of the input clock. Output
data for channels A and B is valid on the next rising
edge of the input clock. The output data has an internal
latency of five clock cycles. Figure 4 also determines
the relationship between the input clock parameters
and the valid output data on channels A and B.
Digital Output Data, Output Data Format
Selection (T/B), Output Enable (
OE
)
All digital outputs, D0A–D9A (Channel A) and
D0B–D9B (Channel B), are TTL/CMOS logic-compatible. There is a five-clock-cycle latency between any
particular sample and its corresponding output data.
Figure 3. System Timing Diagram
SNR
=×
20
log
⎛
⎜
2
⎝
1
ft
×× ×
INAJ
⎞
⎟
)π
⎠
N
N + 1
5-CLOCK-CYCLE LATENCY
N + 2
N + 3
N + 4
N + 5
N + 6
ANALOG INPUT
CLOCK INPUT
t
DO
DATA OUTPUT
D9A–D0A
DATA OUTPUT
D9B–D0B
t
CH
N - 6
N - 6N - 5N - 4N - 3N - 2N - 1NN + 1
N - 5
N - 4
N - 3
N - 2
t
CL
N - 1
N
N + 1
MAX1184
Dual 10-Bit, 20Msps, 3V, Low-Power ADC with
Internal Reference and Parallel Outputs
Table 1. MAX1184 Output Codes For Differential Inputs
*V
REF
= V
REFP
- V
REFN
The output coding can be chosen to be either straight
offset binary or two’s complement (Table 1) controlled
by a single pin (T/B). Pull T/B low to select offset binary
and high to activate two’s complement output coding.
The capacitive load on the digital outputs D0A–D9A
and D0B–D9B should be kept as low as possible
(<15pF) to avoid large digital currents that could feed
back into the analog portion of the MAX1184, thereby
degrading its dynamic performance. Using buffers on
the digital outputs of the ADCs can further isolate the
digital outputs from heavy capacitive loads. To further
improve the dynamic performance of the MAX1184,
small-series resistors (e.g., 100Ω) may be added to the
digital output paths close to the MAX1184.
Figure 4 displays the timing relationship between output enable and data output valid as well as powerdown/wake-up and data output valid.
Power-Down (PD) and
Sleep (SLEEP) Modes
The MAX1184 offers two power-save modes—sleep and
full power-down mode. In sleep mode (SLEEP = 1), only
the reference bias circuit is active (both ADCs are disabled), and current consumption is reduced to 2.8mA.
To enter full power-down mode, pull PD high. With OE
simultaneously low, all outputs are latched at the last
value prior to the power down. Pulling OE high forces
the digital outputs into a high-impedance state.
Applications Information
Figure 5 depicts a typical application circuit containing
two single-ended to differential converters. The internal
reference provides a VDD/2 output voltage for level-shifting purposes. The input is buffered and then split to a
voltage follower and inverter. One lowpass filter per ADC
suppresses some of the wideband noise associated with
high-speed op amps follows the amplifiers. The user may
select the R
ISO
and CINvalues to optimize the filter performance, to suit a particular application. For the application in Figure 5, a R
ISO
of 50Ω is placed before the
capacitive load to prevent ringing and oscillation. The
22pF C
IN
capacitor acts as a small bypassing capacitor.
Figure 4. Output Timing Diagram
DIFFERENTIAL INPUT
VOLTAGE*
V
x 511/512+FULL SCALE - 1LSB11 1111 111101 1111 1111
REF
V
x 1/512+ 1 LSB10 0000 000100 0000 0001
REF
0Bipolar Zero10 0000 000000 0000 0000
- V
x 1/512- 1 LSB01 1111 111111 1111 1111
REF
-V
x 511/512- FULL SCALE + 1 LSB00 0000 000110 0000 0001
Figure 7: Using an Op Amp for Single-Ended, AC-Coupled
Input Drive
Using Transformer Coupling
A RF transformer (Figure 6) provides an excellent solution to convert a single-ended source signal to a fully
differential signal, required by the MAX1184 for optimum performance. Connecting the center tap of the
transformer to COM provides a VDD/2 DC level shift to
the input. Although a 1:1 transformer is shown, a stepup transformer may be selected to reduce the drive
requirements. A reduced signal swing from the input
driver, such as an op amp, may also improve the overall distortion.
In general, the MAX1184 provides better SFDR and
THD with fully-differential input signals than single-
ended drive, especially for very high input frequencies.
In differential input mode, even-order harmonics are
lower as both inputs (INA+, INA- and/or INB+, INB-) are
balanced, and each of the ADC inputs only requires half
the signal swing compared to a single-ended mode.
Single-Ended AC-Coupled Input Signal
Figure 7 shows an AC-coupled, single-ended application. Amplifiers like the MAX4108 provide high speed,
high bandwidth, low noise, and low distortion to maintain the integrity of the input signal.
The most frequently used modulation technique for digital communications applications is probably the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Typically found in
spread-spectrum-based systems, a QAM signal represents a carrier frequency modulated in both amplitude
and phase. At the transmitter, modulating the baseband
signal with quadrature outputs, a local oscillator followed
by subsequent up-conversion can generate the QAM
signal. The result is an in-phase (I) and a quadrature (Q)
carrier component, where the Q component is 90 degree
phase-shifted with respect to the in-phase component. At
the receiver, the QAM signal is divided down into it’s I
and Q components, essentially representing the modulation process reversed. Figure 8 displays the demodulation process performed in the analog domain, using the
dual matched 3V, 10-bit ADC (MAX1184), and the
MAX2451 quadrature demodulator to recover and digitize the I and Q baseband signals. Before being digitized
by the MAX1184, the mixed down-signal components
may be filtered by matched analog filters, such as
Nyquist or pulse-shaping filters, which remove any
unwanted images from the mixing process, thereby
enhancing the overall signal-to-noise (SNR) performance
and minimizing intersymbol interference.
Grounding, Bypassing, and
Board Layout
The MAX1184 requires high-speed board layout design
techniques. Locate all bypass capacitors as close to the
device as possible, preferably on the same side as the
ADC, using surface-mount devices for minimum inductance. Bypass VDD, REFP, REFN, and COM with two
parallel 0.1µF ceramic capacitors and a 2.2µF bipolar
capacitor to GND. Follow the same rules to bypass the
digital supply (OV
DD
) to OGND. Multilayer boards with
separated ground and power planes produce the highest level of signal integrity. Consider the use of a split
ground plane arranged to match the physical location of
the analog ground (GND) and the digital output driver
ground (OGND) on the ADC’s package. The two ground
planes should be joined at a single point such that the
noisy digital ground currents do not interfere with the
analog ground plane. The ideal location of this connection can be determined experimentally at a point along
the gap between the two ground planes, which produces optimum results. Make this connection with a lowvalue, surface-mount resistor (1Ω to 5Ω), a ferrite bead,
or a direct short. Alternatively, all ground pins could
share the same ground plane, if the ground plane is sufficiently isolated from any noisy, digital systems ground
plane (e.g., downstream output buffer or DSP ground
plane). Route high-speed digital signal traces away
from the sensitive analog traces of either channel. Make
sure to isolate the analog input lines to each respective
converter to minimize channel-to-channel crosstalk.
Keep all signal lines short and free of 90 degree turns.
Static Parameter Definitions
Integral Nonlinearity (INL)
Integral nonlinearity is the deviation of the values on an
actual transfer function from a straight line. This straight
line can be either a best straight-line fit or a line drawn
between the endpoints of the transfer function, once
offset and gain errors have been nullified. The static linearity parameters for the MAX1184 are measured using
the best straight-line fit method.
0°
90°
÷
8
DOWNCONVERTER
MAX2451
INA+
MAX1184
INA-
INB+
INB-
DSP
POST
PROCESSING
Figure 8. Typical QAM Application, Using the MAX1184
MAX1184
Dual 10-Bit, 20Msps, 3V, Low-Power ADC with
Internal Reference and Parallel Outputs
Differential nonlinearity is the difference between an
actual step width and the ideal value of 1LSB. A DNL
error specification of less than 1LSB guarantees no
missing codes and a monotonic transfer function.
Dynamic Parameter Definitions
Aperture Jitter
Figure 9 depicts the aperture jitter (tAJ), which is the
sample-to-sample variation in the aperture delay.
Aperture Delay
Aperture delay (tAD) is the time defined between the
falling edge of the sampling clock and the instant when
an actual sample is taken (Figure 9).
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
For a waveform perfectly reconstructed from digital
samples, the theoretical maximum SNR is the ratio of the
full-scale analog input (RMS value) to the RMS quantization error (residual error). The ideal, theoretical minimum
analog-to-digital noise is caused by quantization error
only and results directly from the ADC’s resolution
(N-Bits):
SNR
dB[max]
= 6.02 x N + 1.76
In reality, there are other noise sources besides quantization noise (e.g. thermal noise, reference noise, clock
jitter, etc.). SNR is computed by taking the ratio of the
RMS signal to the RMS noise, which includes all spectral components minus the fundamental, the first five
harmonics, and the DC offset.
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion (SINAD)
SINAD is computed by taking the ratio of the RMS signal to all spectral components minus the fundamental
and the DC offset.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
THD is typically the ratio of the RMS sum of the first four
harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental itself.
This is expressed as:
where V
1
is the fundamental amplitude, and V2through
V
5
are the amplitudes of the 2nd- through 5th-order
harmonics.
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR)
SFDR is the ratio expressed in decibels of the RMS
amplitude of the fundamental (maximum signal component) to the RMS value of the next largest spurious
component, excluding DC offset.
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)
The two-tone IMD is the ratio expressed in decibels of
either input tone to the worst 3rd-order (or higher) intermodulation products. The individual input tone levels
backed off by 6.5dB from full scale.
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
.)
PACKAGE OUTLINE,
48L TQFP, 7x7x1.0mm EP OPTION
21-0065
48L,TQFP.EPS
1
G
2
Dual 10-Bit, 20Msps, 3V, Low-Power ADC with
Internal Reference and Parallel Outputs
MAX1184
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
21 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
Pages changed at Rev 1: Title change—all pages, 1–21
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
.)
PACKAGE OUTLINE,
48L TQFP, 7x7x1.0mm EP OPTION
21-0065
2
G
2
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