The ICL761X–ICL764X family of monolithic CMOS op
amps combine ultra-low input current with low-power
operation over a wide supply voltage range. With pinselectable quiescent currents of 10µA, 100µA, or
1000µA per amplifier, these op amps will operate from
±1V to ±8V power supplies, or from single supplies
from 2V to 16V. The CMOS outputs swing to within millivolts of the supply voltages.
The ultra-low bias current of 1pA makes this family of
op amps ideal for long time constant integrators,
picoammeters, low droop rate sample/hold amplifiers
and other applications where input bias and offset currents are critical. A low noise current of 0.01pA√Hz and
an input impedance of 1012Ω ensure optimum performance with very high source impedances in such
applications as pH meters and photodiode amplifiers.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Total Supply Voltage (V+ to V-) ...........................................+18V
Input Voltage ........................................(V+ + 0.3V) to (V- - 0.3V)
Differential Input Voltage (Note 1)......±(V+ + 0.3V) to (V- - 0.3V)
Duration of Output Short Circuit (Note 2) ......................Unlimited
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +25°C)
TO-99 Metal Can (derate 2mW/°C above +25°C) .......250mW
Note 1: Long-term offset voltage stability will be degraded if large input differential voltages are applied for long periods of time.
Note 2: The outputs may be shorted to ground or to either supply for V
SUPP
≤ 10V. Care must be taken to insure that the dissipation
rating is not exceeded.
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONS
RS ≤ 100kΩ,
T
= +25°C
Input Offset VoltageV
Temperature
Coefficient of V
Input Offset CurrentI
Input Bias CurrentI
Common-Mode
Voltage Range
(Except ICL7612/
ICL7616)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Total Supply Voltage (V+ to V-) ...........................................+18V
Input Voltage ........................................(V+ + 0.3V) to (V- - 0.3V)
M Series.............................................................-55°C to +125°C
E Series................................................................-40°C to +85°C
C Series .................................................................-0°C to +70°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................-55°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................+300°C
Note 5: Long-term offset voltage stability will be degraded if large input differential voltages are applied for long periods of time.
Note 6: The outputs may be shorted to ground or to either supply for V
The voltage input to the IQpin of the single and triple
amplifiers selects a quiescent current (I
Q
) of 10µA,
100µA, or 1000µA. The dual and quad amplifiers have
fixed quiescent current (IQ) settings. Unity-gain bandwidth and slew-rate increase with increasing quiescent
current, as does output sink current capability. The output source current capability is independent of quiescent current.
The lowest I
Q
setting that results in sufficient bandwidth
and slew rate should be selected for each specific
application.
The IQpin of the single and triple amplifiers controls
the quiescent current as follows:
Input Offset Nulling
The input offset can be nulled by connecting a 25kΩ
pot between the OFFSET terminals with the wiper connected to V+. At quiescent currents of 1mA and 100µA,
the nulling range provided is adequate for all V
OS
selections. However, with higher values of VOS, and an
IQof 10µA, nulling may not be possible.
Frequency Compensation
All of the ICL7611 and ICL7621 series except the
ICL7614 are internally compensated for unity-gain
operation. The ICL7614 is externally compensated by a
capacitor connected between COMP and OUT pins,
with 39pF being greater than unity. The compensation
capacitor value may be reduced to increase the bandwidth and slew rate. The ICL7132 is not compensated
and does not have frequency compensation pins. Use
only at gains 20 at IQof 1mA; at gains > 10 at IQof
100µA; at gain > 5 at IQof 10µA.
Output Loading Considerations
Approximately 70% of the amplifier’s quiescent current
flows in the output stage. The output swing can
approach the supply rails for output loads of 1MΩ,
100kΩ, and 10kΩ, using the output stage in a highly
linear Class A mode. Crossover distortion is avoided
and the voltage gain is maximized in this mode. The
output stage, however, can also be operated in Class
AB, which supplies higher output currents (see the
Typical Operating Characteristics
). The voltage gain
decreases and the output transfer characteristic is nonlinear during the transition from Class A to Class B
operation.
The output stage, with a gain that is directly proportional to load impedance, approximates a transconductance amplifier. Approximately the same open-loop
gains are obtained at each of the IQsettings if corresponding loads of 10kΩ, 100kΩ, and 1MΩ are used.
The maximum output source current is higher than the
maximum sink current, and is independent of IQ.
Like most amplifiers, there are output loads for which
the amplifier stability is not guaranteed. In particular,
avoid capacitive loads greater than 100pF; and while
on the 1mA IQsetting, avoid loads less than 5kΩ. Since
the output stage is a transconductance output, very
large (>10µF) capacitive loads will create a dominant
pole and the output will be stable, even with loads that
are less than 5kΩ.
Extended Common-Mode Voltage Range
(ICL7612/ICL7616)
A common-mode voltage range that includes both V+
and V- is often desirable, especially in single-supply
operation. The ICL7612/ICL7616 extended commonmode range op amps are designed specifically to meet
this need. The ICL7612 input common-mode voltage
range (CMVR) extends beyond both power-supply rails
when operated with at least 3V total supply and an I
Q
of 10µA or 100µA. The ICL7616 CMVR includes the
negative supply voltage (or ground when operated with
a single supply) at an IQor 10µA or 100µA.
PC Board Layout
Careful PC board layout techniques must be used to
take full advantage of the very low bias current of the
ICL7611 family. The inputs should be encircled with a
low-impedance trace, or guard, that is at the same
potential as the inputs. In an inverting amplifier, this is
normally ground; in a unity-gain buffer connect the
guard to the output. A convenient way of guarding the
8-pin TO-99 version of the ICL7611 is to use a 10-pin
circle, with the two extra pads on either side of the
input pins to provide space for a guard ring (see Figure
8). Assembled boards should be carefully cleaned,
and if a high humidity environment is expected, conformally coated.
The ICL7611 family will operate from a single 2V to 16V
power supply. The common-mode voltage range of the
standard amplifier types when operated from a single
supply is 1.0V to (V+ - 0.6V) at 10µA I
Q
. At 100µA IQ,
the CMVR is 1.0V to (V+ - 0.8V), and at 1mA IQ, the
CMVR is 1.3V to (V+ - 1.3V). If this CMVR range is
insufficient, use the ICL7612, whose CMVR includes
both ground and V+, or the ICL7616, whose CMVR
includes ground.
A convenient way to generate a psuedo-ground at V+/2
is to use one op amp of a quad to buffer a V+/2 voltage
from a high-impedance resistive divider.
Low-Voltage Operation
Operation at V
SUPP
= ±1.0V is only guaranteed at IQ=
10µA. Output swings to within a few millivolts of the
supply rails are achievable for RL(> or =) 1MΩ.
Guaranteed input CMVR is ±0.6V minimum and typically +0.9V to -0.7V at V
SUPP
= ±1.0V. For applications
where greater common-mode range is desirable, see
the description of ICL7612 and ICL7616 above.
Applications Information
Note that in no case is IQ shown. The value of IQ must
be chosen by the designer with regard to frequency
response and power dissipation.
Figure 1. Instrumentation Amplifier—Adjust R3 to improve
CMRR. The offset of all three amplifiers is nulled by the offset
adjustment of A2.
Figure 2. Simple Follower—By using the ICL7612 in these
applications, the circuits will follow rail-to-rail inputs
Figure 9. Low Droop Rate Sample and Hold—S2 improves
accuracy and acquisition time by including the voltage drop
across S1 inside the feedback loop. R1 closes the feedback
loop of A1 during the hold phase. The droop rate is [I
,
the time constant of this integrator is 100,000s. Since the input
voltage is converted to a current by R
IN
, the input voltage can
far exceed the power-supply range.
Figure 11. Pico Ammeter—The response time of this curcuit is
R
FB
x CFB, where CFBis the stray capacitance between the
output and the inverting terminal of the amplifier.
Figure 12. 60Hz Twin “T“ Notch Filter—The low 1pA bias current of the ICL7611 allows use of small 540pF and 270pF
capacitors, even with a notch frequency of 60Hz. The 60Hz
rejection is approximately 40dB.
For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the
package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the
package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE TYPEPACKAGE CODEDOCUMENT NO.
TO99T99-8
21-0022
8 PDIPP8-1
21-0043
8 SOS8-2
21-0041
8 CDIPJ16-3
21-0045
14 PDIPP14-3
21-0043
14 CDIPJ14-3
21-0045
16 PDIPP16-1
21-0043
16 SOS16-1
21-0041
16 Wide SOW16-2
21-0042
Revision History
ICL761X–ICL764X
Single/Dual/Triple/Quad
Operational Amplifiers
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
26
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