H
C
O
O
Na
O
HO
H
O
H
O
H
O
O
O
O
O
HH
OOC
O
O
N
a
DID YOU KNOW?
Sir Isaac N ewton is considered by many scholars
to be one of the most infl u ential people in huma n
history!
SIR ISAAC NEWTON
SCIENCE
FACT
PAG E
5
A rocket is simply a chamber filled with pressurized gas.
A small opening called a nozzle allows the air to escape, c ausing
thrust that propels the rocket. With this project you can make a
Rocket Car that is powered by pressurized gas. The Rocket Car
is one way to observe Newton’s First and Third Laws of Motion.
Because of individual variations in the Rocket Car, yours will
travel different distance s and often in unpredictable directions.
Through modifications, you can correct for undesirable results
and improve your car’s efficiency.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION:
• Newton’s First Law
“O bjects at rest will stay at re st and obje c ts in motion
wil l stay in m oti on i n a s traig ht l ine unl ess ac ted u pon
by an unbalanced force.” In other words, the forces
propelling the rocket car forward must be stronger
than those trying to stop it.
• Newton’s Third Law
“For every action there is always an opposite and
equal reaction.” When an action takes place, like
gases escaping from a rocket, a reaction follows —
in this case, the rocket car runs along the ground.
ACIDS AND BASES ARE EVERYWHERE
Every liquid you see will probably have either acidic or
basic traits. Scientists use something called the pH scale to
measure how acidic or basic a liquid is.
• What is an Acid?
A n Ac id is a s ol ut io n t ha t h as an exc es s of Hy dr og en io ns .
It comes from the Latin word “acidus” which means
sharp or sour. Vinegar is one type of acid solution.
• What is a Base?
A Base is a solution that has an excess of Hydroxide
ions. Another word for base is alkali. One example
of this is Sodium Bicarbonate, or Baking Soda.
SCIENTIFIC MAKE-UP OF
VARIOUS CHEMICALS
CITRIC ACID
C
6H8O7
SODIUM BICARBONATE
(Baking Soda)
NaHCO
3
SODIUM ACETATE
CH
3
COONa
NOTE: Cit ric Acid So lution ha s an equiv alent pH v alue of Vinegar.
CARBON DIOXIDE
CO
2
WATER
H
2
O
CITRIC ACID + WATER = CITRIC ACID SOLUTION
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