Mathworks COMMUNICATIONS TOOLBOX RELEASE NOTES RELEASE NOTE

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

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Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

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Summary by Version ............................... 1

Version 4.5 (R2010a) Communications Toolbox

Software

Version 4.4 (R2009b) Communications Toolbox

Software

Version 4.3 (R2009a) Communications Toolbox

Software

Version 4.2 (R2008b) Communications Toolbox

Software

Version 4.1 (R2008a) Communications Toolbox

Software

........................................ 4

........................................ 8

........................................ 13

........................................ 16

........................................ 18

Contents

Version 4.0 (R2007b) Communications Toolbox

Software

Version 3.5 (R2007a) Communications Toolbox

Software

Version 3.4 (R2006b) Communications Toolbox

Software

Version 3.3 (R2006a) Communications Toolbox

Software

Version 3.2 (R14SP3) Com munications Toolbox

Software

Version 3.1 (R14SP2Communications Toolbox

Software

........................................ 21

........................................ 24

........................................ 27

........................................ 29

........................................ 30

........................................ 31

iii

Version 3.0.1 (R14SP1) Communications Toolbox

Software

........................................ 33

Version 3.0 (R14) Communications Toolbox Software

Version 2.1 (R13) Communications Toolbox Software

Version 2.0 (R12) Communications Toolbox Software

Communications Toolbox Release Notes Compatibility

Summary

....................................... 65

.. 34

.. 45

.. 57

iv Contents

SummarybyVersion

This table provides quick access to what’s new in each version. For clarification, see “ Using Release Notes” on page 2 .

Communications Toolbox™ Release N otes

Version (Release)

Latest Versi V4.5 (R2010a

V4.4 (R2009b)

V4.3 (R2009a)

V4.2 (R2

V4.1 (R2008a)

V4.0 (R2007b)

V3.5 (

V3.4 (R2006b)

008b)

R2007a)

New Features and Changes

Yes

)

Details

Yes Details

Yes Detai

Yes Details

Version Compatibilit Consideratio

Yes Summary

No Bug Reports

No Bug Re

Yes Summary

Fixed Bugs

and Known

Problems

Bug Reports Includes fix

Bug Reports Includes fixes

Bug Repor Includes

Includes fixes

ports

des fixes

Inclu

Bug Reports Includes fixes

Bug Reports No

fixes

Related Documentation at Web Site

Printable R elease Notes: PDF

Current product documentation

V3.3 (R2006a)

.2 (R14SP3)

V3.1 (R14SP2)

Yes

ails

Det

Yes Details

No Bug

No Bug Reports No

Yes Summary

Reports

ludes fixes

Inc

Bug Reports Includes fixes

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Version (Release)

V3.0.1 (R14SP1)

V3.0 (R14)

V2.1 (R13)

V2.0 (R12)

New Features and Changes

Yes Details

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes Summary

Fixed Bugs and Known Problems

Fixed bugs

Fixed bugs and known problems

Fixed bugs

Related Documentation at Web Site

Using Release Notes

Use release notes when upgrading to a newer version to learn about:

• New features

• Changes

• Potential impact on your existing files and practices

Review the release notes for other MathWorks™ products required for this product (for example, MATLAB bugs, or compatibility considerations in other products impact you.

or Simulink®). Determine if enhancements,

If you are upgrading from a software version other than the m ost recent one, review the current release notes and all interim versions. For example, when you upg rade from V1.0 to V1.2, review the release notes for V1.1 and V1.2.

What Is in the Release Notes

New Features and Changes

• New functionality

• Changes to existing functionality

SummarybyVersion

Version Compatibility Con si derations

When a new feature or change introduces a reported incompatibility between versions, the Compatibility Considerations subsection explains the impact.

Compatibility issues reported after the product release appear under Bug Reports at The MathWorks™ Web site. Bug fixes can sometimes result in incompatibilities, so review the fixed bugs in Bug Reports for any compatibility impact.

Fixed Bugs and Known Problems

The MathWorks offers a user-searchable Bug Reports database so you can view Bug Reports. The development team updates this database at release time and as more information becomes available. Bug Reports include provisions for any known workarounds or file replacem ents. Information is available for bugs existing in or fixed in Release 14SP2 or later. Information is not avail able for all bugs in earlier releases.

Access Bug Reports using y our MathWorks Account.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Version 4.5 (R2010a) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 4.5 (R2010a):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes Summary

• “Error Rate Test Console Enhancements” on page 4

• “biterr Function Supports Logical Input Arguments” on page 6

• “Demos” on page 7

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Bug Reports Includes fixes.

Related Documentation at Web Site

Printable Release Notes: PDF

Current product documentation

Error Rate Test Console Enhancements

The Error Rate Test Console now contains:

• Plotting enhancements,

• A new stop simulation option

• Simultaneous specification of sweep values

• Descriptions for test probes

Surface Plotting Capabilities

The r esul ts object supports a new surface plotting method. The surf(r) method creates a 3 -D, color, surface plot based on the results available in t he

results object. The following items define the surface plot:

• The test point you specify using the

object

• The test metric currently you specify in the

object

TestPoint property of the results

Metric property of the results

Version 4.5 (R2010a) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

For more information see testconsole.Results.

New Stop Simulation Option

The SimulationLimitOption property supports a new stop option: ’Number of errors and transmissions’.

Use this selection when you want to simulate a slow fading channel. The number of transmissions ensures a minimum number of errors occur. These multiple runs provide a long enough observation time for both deep fades and high gain phases of the channel to appear. For more information, see

commtest.ErrorRate.

Simultaneous Specification of Sweep Values

The setTestParameterSweepValues method now supports simultaneous specification of sweep values, allowing you to specify the sweep values for multiple registered test parameters at one time. For more information, se e the

setTestParameterSweepValues method section of the commtest.ErrorRate

help page.

The simulation runs for a number of transmissions. Through these runs, the toolbox ensures that a minimum number of errors occur. These multiple runs also provide a long enough observation time for both deep fades and high gain phases of the channel to appear.

Probe Descriptions

You can add a description for a probe in the system under test. You can read the description for the probe using Error Rate Test Console. This enhancement allows you to review the probe’s use without having to access the code for the system under test. For more information, see “Registering Test Probes” in the Communications Toolbox™ User’s Guide.

getTestProbeDescription method of the

Parsing of Results

The results object ha s two new m ethods, setParsingVal ue s and getParsingValues. which are relevant for parsing and plotting data.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Use these methods to specify single sweep values for test parameters that differ from the ones in TestParameter1 and TestParameter2. The results object returns data values or plots that correspond to test p arameters you specify in TestParameter1 and TestParameter2 and single sweep values you specify using the setParsingValues method for all additional test parameters. The parsing values default to the first value in the sweep vector of each test parameter.

You display the current parsingvaluesbycallingthegetParsingValues method of the results object.

For more information, see: Parsing and Plotting Results for Multiple Parameter Simulations,

Compatibility Considerations

Loading a test console object defined in a previous version of the Error Rate Test Console software results in a warning message. The warning instructs you to resave the test console object. To prevent this warning from appearing, resave the test console object using the latest version of the Error Rate Test Console software.

testconsole.Results and commtest.ErrorRate.

Surface Plotting Capabilities. The plotting method. The on the results available in the

surf(r) method creates a 3-D, color, surface plo t based

results object. The following items define

results object supports a new surface

the surface plot:

• The test point you specify using the

TestPoint property of the results

object

• The test metric currently you specify in the

Metric property of the results

object

For more information see

testconsole.Results.

biterr Function Supports Logical Input Arguments

The biterr function now accepts logical input arguments. For more information, including examples, see the Communications Toolbox Reference Guide.

biterr help page in the

Version 4.5 (R2010a) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

Demos

This release contains a new demo, Passband Modulation with Adjacent Channel Interference, which shows how to use baseband modulators and demodulators with frequency upconversion and downconversion to simulate passband communication systems.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Version 4.4 (R2009b) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 4.4 (R2009b):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes Summary

New features and changes introduced in this version are:

• “Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurements” on page 8

• “New EVM Normalization Options” on page 9

• “Error Rate Test Console” on page 9

• “Channel Objects Support Parallel Co m puting Toolbox” on page 9

• “New Demos” on page 10

• “Functions and Function Elements Being Removed” on page 11

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Bug Reports Includes fixes.

Related Documentation at Web Site

Printable Release Notes: PDF

Current product documentation

Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurements

Adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) calculations characterize spectral regrowth, caused by amplifier nonlinearity, in a communications system component, such as a modulator or an analog front end. These calculations determine the likelihood that a given system causes interference with an adjacent channel.

Many present transmission standards, such as IS-95, CDMA, WCDMA,

802.11, and Bluetooth, contain a definition for ACPR measuremen ts. Most standards define ACPR measurements as the ratio of the average power in the main channel and any adjacent channels. The specific offset frequencies and measurement bandwidths (BWs) you use depends on the specific industry standard you are using. For instance, measurements of CDMA amplifiers

Version 4.4 (R2009b) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

involve two offsets (from the carrier frequency) of 885 kHz and 1.98 MHz, and a measurement BW of 30 KHz.

For more information, see the ACPR M easurement Tutorial in the Communications Toolbox User’s G uide.

commmeasure.ACPR help page or Overview of

New EVM Normalization Options

commmeasure.EVM now supports three normalization options. You can

normalize measurements according to the average power of the reference signal, average constellation power, or peak constellation power. This enhancement provides you with the flexibility to use EVM normalization with the different definitions of EVM measurements that appear in various industry standards. Typically, the variations in these standards pertain to the normalization option.

For more information, see the

commmeasure.EVM help page.

Error Rate Test Console

Communications Toolbox contains a command-line approach for simulating error rate in a communications system. The error rate test console runs simulation on a user-defined communications system to obtain error rate analysis.

If you also have a user license for the Parallel Computing Toolbox software, the error rate test console reduces simulation time by automatically distributing the work load among the number of available processors.

For more information, see the Simulations Using the Error Rate Test Console in the Comm unications Toolbox Getting Started Guide,orErrorRateTestConsoleinthe Communications Toolbox User’s Guide.

commtest.ErrorRate help page, Running

Channel Objects Support Parallel Computing Toolbox

rayleighchan, ricianchan,andmimochan now support the Parallel

Computing Toolbox™ software. Using the default MATLAB random stream algorithm, channel objects can generate independent channels on different workers. Since

rayleighchan, ricianchan,andmimochan can generate

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

independent channels on each worker, you can use the Parallel Computing Toolbox software to run simulations on multiple workers, reducing simulation time.

Compatibility Considerations

rayleighchan, ricianchan,andmimochan now use the default MATLAB

random stream. S oftware versions before the 2009b release use the V5 RANDN (Ziggurat) algorithm to generate channel path gains. The default random stream is more robust for use with Parallel Computing Toolbox software and can generate channel path gain values that are the statistical equivalent to the V5 RANDN (Ziggurat) algorithm.

rayleighchan, ricianchan,andmimochan do not support reset(h,s),where

h represents a channel and s represents the new channel state. To obtain the random number generation functionality before the 2009b release, including

reset(h,s) support, use legacychannelsim. You can not use channel objects

with Parallel Computing Toolbox software to run simulations in legacy mode.

New Demos

The following demos are ne w or updated for this release:

• Two new demos show how to simulate 3GPP EGPRS2 and IEEE 802.11b

communications systems using the Error Rate Test Console. These demos can be run on m u l t ip le workers if you have a user license for the Parallel Computing Toolbox software.

• The Raised Cosine demo n ow uses the filter design object

fdesign.pulseshaping.

Version 4.4 (R2009b) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

Function or Function Element Name

seqgen.pn

rcosfir

rcosflt

rcosiir

rcosine

randint

Functions and Fu

What Happens When you use the Function or Element?

Warns

Still runs

Still runs N\A

Still runs

Use This Instead Compatibility

commsrc.pn

fdesign.pulseshaping

fdesign.

fdesign.pulseshaping

randi

nction Elements Being Removed

Considerations

Use commscrc.pn to create a PN sequence generator object.

.pulseshaping

ised cosine finite

lse re sponse filter

pulseshaping

Use fdes ign to design ra (FIR) im p u

Use fdes ign. pulseshaping to design a filter input signal using raised cosine filter. Does not support IIR.

Do not use.

Use fdes ign. pulseshaping to design a design a raised cosine filter. Does not support IIR.

Use Randi to generate matrix of uniformly distributed random integers

reset(h,s) for rayleighchan

reset(h,s) for ricianchan

reset(h,s) for mimochan

state parameter

for

awgn

Errors

Still runs

N\A Do not use. See

legacychannelsim

N\A Do not use. See

legacychannelsim

N\A Do not use. See

legacychannelsim

,whichisarandomstream

None.

handle

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Function or Function Element Name

state parameter

for

wgn

state parameter

for

bsc

state parameter

for

randerr

state parameter

for

randsrc

What Happens When you use the Function or Element?

Still runs

Use This Instead Compatibility

Considerations

s,whichisarandomstream

None.

handle

s,whichisarandomstream

None.

handle

s,whichisarandomstream

None.

handle

s,whichisarandomstream

None.

handle

Version 4.3 (R2009a) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

Version 4.3 (R2009a) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 4.3 (R2009a):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes Bug Reports

New features and changes introduced in this version are

• “Bell-Shape Doppler Object” o n page 13

• “Scatter Plot” on page 13

• “EVM and MER Measurements” on page 14

• “commsrc package now supports PN sequence generation” on page 14

• “MIMO channel simulation support” on page 15

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Includes fixes.

Related Documentation at Web Site

Printable Release Notes: PDF

Current product documentation

Bell-Shape Doppler Object

The doppler.bell function creates a bell-shape Doppler spectrum object. You can use this object for the the

rayleighchan function, ricianchan function, or the mimochan function.

For more information, refer to the

DoplerSpectrum property of a channel object for

doppler.bell help page.

Scatter Plot

Communications Toolbox supports the creation of a scatter plot Grap hical User Interface (GUI) that displays measurement and scatter plot results in the same figure. The scatter plot feature is part of the Users can create the scatter plot object in two ways: using a default object or by defining parameter-value pairs. To access the scatter plot feature, type

commscope.ScatterPlot at the MATLAB command line. For more

information, see the

commscope.ScatterPlot help page.

commscope package.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

EVM and MER Measu

Communications Modulation Erro demodulator pe of the signal-t types of measu communicatio conforms to th EVM, Peak EVM

Users can cre defining pa measure for (%). To acce command li

The MER obj standard unit of me also in de command

, the unit of measure for MER is decibels (dB). For consistency, the

asure for Minimum MER and Percentile MER measurements is

cibels. To access this object, type

line. For more information, see the

commsrc genera

In orde sequen objec versi in a fu

tion

r to make all of the communications sources available together, t h e

ce generator functionality is now part of the t provides the same characteristics and behavior as in previous Toolbox ons. As a result, the

ture release.

Toolbox can perform Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) and

r Ratio (MER) measurements. EVM is a measurement of

rformance in the presence of impairments. MER is a measure

o-noise ratio (SNR) in a digital modulation application. These

rements are useful for determining system performance in

ns applications. For example, determining if an EDGE system

e 3GPP radio transmission standards requires accurate RMS,

, and 95th percentile for the EVM measurements.

ate an EVM object in two ways: using a default object or by

rameter-value pairs. As defined by the 3GPP standard, the unit of

RMS, Maximum, and Percentile EVM measurements is percentile ss the EVM object, type

ne. For more information, see the

ectispartofthe

package now supports PN sequence

rements

commmeasure.EVM at the M ATLAB

commmeasure.EVM help page.

commmeasure package. As defined by the DVB

commmeasure.MER at the MATLAB

commmeasure.MER help page.

commsrc package. This

seqgen.pn function is obsolete and will be removed

Compatibility Consideration

Note The MathWorks will remove the seqgen function from a future version

of the Communications Toolbox product. While the product still supports this function, you should use

commsrc.pn instead.

Version 4.3 (R2009a) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

MIMO channel sim

The new MIMO chan simulations. Yo channels. For m

802.11b WLAN Ph

nel object supports multiple-input multiple output

u can specify correlated or uncorrelated fading between

ore information, see the

ysical Layer demo.

ulation support

mimochan help page or the IEEE

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Version 4.2 (R2008b) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 4.2 (R2008b):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

No Bug Reports

New features and changes introduced in this version are

• “Pattern Generator” on page 16

• “EyeScope Compare Measurement Results View” on page 16

• “New Demos” on page 16

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Includes fixes.

Related Documentation at Web Site

Printable Release Notes: PDF

Current product documentation

Pattern Generator

Communications Toolbox software now includes Pattern Generator object. YoucanusethisobjecttogenerateNRZorRZsignalsandinjectjitter, which enables stress tests for high speed communications systems. For more information, refer to the

commsrc.pattern help page.

EyeScope Compare Measurement Results View

EyeScope now supports the ability to import multiple eye diagram objects. Additionally, EyeScope now contains a View menu,whichyoucanuseto compare m easurement results from multiple eye diagram objects.

New Demos

New d emos and demos containing updates for this release:

• New

Multipath Fading Channel Modeling demo.

Version 4.2 (R2008b) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

• Updates to Eye Diagr am Measurements demo include use of pattern

generator, importing multiple eye diagram objects, and comparing measurement results.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Version 4.1 (R2008a) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 4.1 (R2008a):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

No Bug Reports

New features and changes introduced in this version are

• “Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC)” on page 18

• “Eye Diagram Measurements” on page 18

• “EyeScope Functionality” on page 19

• “New BCH and Reed Solomon Objects” on page 19

• “New Demos” on page 20

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Includes fixes.

Related Documentation at Web Site

Printable Release Notes: PDF

Current product documentation

Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC)

New CRC generator and detector objects have been added to the Communications Toolbox software.

Eye Diagram Measurements

Communications To olbo x product n ow provides eye diagram measurements, generated from the histogram data of eye diagram objects. This feature will be he lp fu l for sig nal integrity an alysis, a m aj or focus of backplane and optical communications development.

You can obtain the following measurements on an eye diagram:

• Eye Crossing Times

• Eye Crossing Amplitude

• Eye Delay

• Eye Level

• Eye Amplitude

• Eye Height

• Eye Width

• Vertical Eye O pening

• Eye Crossing Percentage

• Eye SNR

• Quality Factor

• Random Jitter

• Deterministic Jitter

• Total Jitter

• RMS Jitter

Version 4.1 (R2008a) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

• Peak-to-Peak Jitter

• Horizontal Eye Opening

• EyeRiseTime

• Eye Fall Time

EyeScope Functionality

EyeScope can be used to examine eye diagram results in a user-friendly, graphical environment. EyeScope shows both the eye diagram figure and measurement results in a unified GUI, providing a more efficient means for viewing results.

New BCH and Reed Solomon Objects

Communications Toolbox softw a re now contains BCH and Reed Solomon objects. These objects extend the capabilities of existing BCH and Reed Solomon functions by enabling punctures and erasure coding. Refer to the following reference pages for more information:

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

• bchdec

• bchenc

• fec.rsdec

• fec.rsenc

New Demos

New demos have been added for spatial multiplexing and Eye Diagram

Measurements

• The

spatial multiplexing demo illustrates how to perform spatial

multiplexing

using Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) detection

schemes.

• The

Eye Diagram Measurements demo illustrates how to use the

commscope.eyediagram object to perform eye diagram measurements on simulated signals.

Version 4.0 (R2007b) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

Version 4.0 (R2007b) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 4.0 (R2007b):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

No Bug Reports

New features and changes introduced in this version are

• “Bi-Gaussian Doppler and Asy m m etrical Jakes Doppler Spectra Objects

Added” on page 21

• “Channel Objects and Channel Visualization Tool Enhanced” on page 22

• “ricianchan Object Enhanced” on page 22

• “Demos Modeling Various Channels Added” on page 22

• “Eye Diagram Object Added” on page 22

• “Modem Objects Added” on page 22

• “Theoretical BERs Added to BERTool and Enhanced in bercoding” on

page 22

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Includes fixes.

Related Documentation at Web Site

Printable Release Notes: PDF

Current product documentation

• “New stdchan Object” on page 23

• “bchenc Enhanced” on page 23

Bi-Gaussian Doppler and Asymmetrical Jakes Doppler Spectra Objects Added

The doppler.bigaussian function creates a bivariate Gaussian Doppler spectrum object, which is used in the object.

DopplerSpectrum property of a channel

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Channel Objects Enhanced

Channel objects different Dopp

ricianchan Ob

All paths now h path of a Rici

Each path can

See the

rici

Demos Mode

New demos m

These can typing

andemo_cost207

Eye Diag

New eye d traver

iagram object is added, that uses color to convey how often a trace

ses a point.

and channel visualization tool are enhanced to support

ler spectra per path.

ject Enhanced

ave the option of being Rician-faded (previously only the first

an multipath fading channel could be Rician-faded).

be assigned different values for the

anchan

reference page for details.

ling Various Channels Added

odeling COST 207, GSM/EDGE, and HF are added.

be accessed through the demos pane of the Help browser, or by

ram Object Added

and Channel Visualization Tool

K and fdLOS parameters.

and chand emo_ hf at the command line.

Modem

New PA

Theo berc

retical BERs added to BERTool for hard-decision and soft-decision

Theo

oding with AWGN. Existing results in

dec

Objects Added

M, OQPSK, DPSK, MSK, and General QAM modem objects are added.

retical BERs Added to BERTool and Enhanced in

oding

bercoding aremademoreprecise.

Version 4.0 (R2007b) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

New stdchan Obje

The new stdchan o channel models,

bchenc Enhanc

The bchenc fun

bject constructs channel objects according to standardized

including COST 207, GSM/EDGE, 3GPP, and ITU-R.

ction now runs faster, especially for longer codeword lengths.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Version 3.5 (R2007a) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 3.5 (R2007a):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes Summary

New features and changes introduced in this version are

• “Added Support for Different Doppler Spectra to Channel Objects” on

page 24

• “Theoretical Results Refined for

page 25

• “Various Enhancements Made to BERTool” on page 25

• “New Demo on MIMO Systems Showcasing Space-Time Block Coding”

on page 26

• “New PN Sequence Generator Object” on page 26

• “New

• “Enhanced Speed of

dvbs2ldpc Function” on page 26

finddelay Function” on page 26

alignsignals Function” on page 26

rsdec and bchdec Functions” on page 26

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Bug Reports Includes fixes.

berawgn, berfading, and BERTool” on

Related Documentation at Web Site

Added Support for Different Doppler Spectra to Channel Objects

A package of Doppler classes is added. These classes are used to instantiate Doppler objects to be used with the Rayleigh and Rician channel objects:

•

doppler.flat

• doppler.gaussian

• doppler.jakes

Version 3.5 (R2007a) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

• doppler.rjakes

• doppler.rounded

See individual reference pages for details.

Theoretical Results Refined for berawgn, berfading, and BERTool

Many of the previous theoretical results are now more accurate.

The functions in addition to the bit error rate.

Several new theoretical results have been added.

berawgn and berfading can now return the symbol e rror rate

Compatibility Considerations

The results fro m these functions may be different from those of previous releases as they are now more accurate.

Various Enhancements Made to BERTool

When performing Monte Carlo simulations using BERTool, the BER plot is now updated every time a new data point is calculated. This allows the user to see whether the calculation is on the righ t track, and possibly start usin g the results while the calculation is in progress.

Theoretical BER plots are now shown to be one of exact, approximate, lower bounds, or upper bounds.

Theoretical error control coding BER results for Hamming, Golay, and Reed Solomon codes are now available in the BERTool.

See “BERTool: A Bit Error Rate Analysis GUI” in the Communications Toolbox User’s Guide for details.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

New Demo on MIMO S Space-Time Bloc

A new demo on MIMO space-time blo

showdemo('in

ck coding. You can open this demo by typing

troMIMOSystems')

New PN Sequenc

The object se linear-feed generator (S

qgen.pn

back shift register that is implemented using a simple shift register

SRG, or Fibonacci). See reference page for details.

New dvbs2ld

The functi from the DV

New findd

The funct

New alig

The func

dvbs2ldpc returns the parity-check matrix of an LDPC code

B-S.2 standard.

elay

ion

finddelay estimates delays between signals.

nsignals

tion

alignsignals aligns two signals by delaying the earlier signal.

k Coding

systems is added, illustrating orthogonal

e Generator Object

produces a pseudorandom noise sequence using a

Function

ystems Showcasing

at the command line.

Enhanc

The fu

nctions

ed Speed of

rsdec an d bchdec are enhanced to run significantly faster.

rsdec and bchdec Function s

Version 3.4 (R2006b) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

Version 3.4 (R2006b) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 3.4 (R2006b):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes Summary

New features and changes introduced in this version are

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Bug Reports No

Related Documentation at Web Site

Theoretical BER Results Added

Theoretical error control coding BER results for Hamming, Golay, and Reed Solomon codes are now available in the function

bercoding.

Bitwise Soft-Decision Outputs for PSK and QAM Demodulators

Bitwise soft-decision outputs are enabled for the PSK and QAM demodulation through the use of new PSK and QAM modem objects. See “Object-Based PSK and QAM Modulation and Demodulation” on page 28.

Added LDPC Encoder and Decoder Objects

The objects fec.ldpcenc and fec.ldpcdec respectively encode and decode LDPC codes.

Line-of-Sight Doppler Shift Added to Rician Channel

The property DirectPathDopplerShift, which specifies the maximum Doppler shift of the line-of-sight path, is added to the Rician channel object.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Object-Based PS

K and QAM Modulation and

Demodulation

PSK and QAM modul classes

modem.

pskmod

Compatibility Considerations

See “Using Mod

QAM and PSK Mo Functions O

The functio may be remov

Compatibility Considerations

Use the ne instead. on page 28.

pskmod, pskdemod, qammod,andqamdemod are obsolete and

ed in the future.

w object based PSK and QAM modulation and demodulation objects

See “Object-Based PSK and QAM Modulation and Demodulation”

ation and demodulation is now done using the new , modem.pskdemod, modem.qammod,andmodem.qamdemod.

em Objects” and individual reference pages for details.

dulation and Demodulation

bsoleted

Version 3.3 (R2006a) Communica tions Toolbox™ Software

Version 3.3 (R2006a) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 3.3 (R2006a):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

No Bug Reports

New features and changes introduced in this version are

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Includes fixes.

Related Documentation at Web Site

convenc and vitdec Updated with Puncturing and Erasing

The function convenc is updated with puncturing capabilities. The function

vitdec now decodes codewords with punctures and erasures. Note that their

function syntax have also changed.

Enhanced pamdemod, pskdemod, and qamdemod Functions

The pamdemod, pskdemod,andqamdemod functions are enhanced to run significantly faster.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Version 3.2 (R14SP3) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 3.2 (R14SP3):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

No Bug Reports No

New features and changes introduced in this version are

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Related Documentation at Web Site

Added function bchnumerr

bchnumerr returns all the possible combinations of message lengths and

number of correctable errors for a BCH code of given length.

Speed increase in bchgenpoly, bchenc, and bchdec functions

bchgenpoly, bchenc,andbc hdec function have been enhanced to run more

rapidly.

Version 3.1 (R14SP2Communications Toolbox™ Software

Version 3.1 (R14SP2Comm unications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 3.1 (R14SP2):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes—Details labeled as Compatibility Considerations, below. See also Summary.

New features and changes introduced in this version are

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Bug Reports Includes fixes.

Related Documentation at Web Site

Channel Visualization Tool

A new channel visualization tool allows you to plot various channel characteristics.

Improved Rayleigh Fading Channel

Increased the signal proces sing speed of the Rayleigh Fading channel,

rayleighchan, by up to a factor of two.

Gray Coding Functionality

Added the functions b in2g ray and gray2bin to convert between Gray de coded and encoded integers.

Added Gray symbol ordering to the functions

qammod, fskmod, pskdemod, pamdemod, dpskdemod, qamdemod,andfskdemod.

pskmod, pammod, dpskmod,

Rician Channel Enhancement to the BERTool

The bertool now has theoretical BER results for a Rician channel.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

gfrank

Compatibility Considerations

The function gfrank now returns 0,insteadof[], on a zero matrix input.

encode, decode, and quantiz

Compatibility Considerations

The outputs of the encod e, decode,andquantiz functions now match the input vector’s orientation.

Version 3.0.1 (R14SP1) Com munications Toolbox™ So ftware

Version 3.0.1 (R14SP1) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 3.0.1 (R14SP1):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

New features and changes introduced in this version are

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Fixed bugs

Related Documentation at Web Site

Rician Channel BER Calculations

The BERTool is enhanced to allow for Rician channel BER calculations. For details, see Available Sets of Theoretical BER Data in the Communications Toolbox documentation.

berfading Updated for Rician Channel

berfading is enhanced to return the BER of BP SK over uncoded flat Rician

fading channels. For details, see the Communications Toolbox documentation for

berfading.

New Adaptive Equalization Demo

A new demo illustrates adaptive equalization using Embedded MATLAB. To open the demo, type

equalizer_eml at the M ATLAB command line.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Version 3.0 (R14) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 3.0 (R14):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes—Details labeled as Compatibility Considerations, below. See also Summary.

New features and changes introduced in this version are

• “Bit Error Rate An alysis GUI” on page 35

• “Performance Evaluation” on page 35

• “Equalizers” on page 35

• “Fading Channels and Binary Symmetric Channel” on page 36

• “Interleavers” on page 37

• “Huffman Coding” on page 38

• “Pulse Shaping” on page 38

• “Utility Functions” on page 38

• “Enhanceme nts for Modulation” on page 39

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Fixed bugs

Related Documentation at Web Site

• “Enhanceme nts for BCH Coding” on page 40

• “Updating Existing Modulation MATLAB Code” on page 41

• “Updating Existing BCH MATLAB Code” on page 41

• “Changes in Functionality” on page 43

• “Obsolete Functions” on page 43

Version 3.0 (R14) Communications Toolbox™ Software

Bit Error Rate A n

Communications BERTool that hel performance. T

bertool

in the MATLAB C

Performance

The functio error rate p

Function

berawgn

bercoding

berconf

berfad

berfi

bersync

distspec

semianalytic

int

ing

Toolbox has a graphical user interface (GUI) called ps you analyze communication systems’ bit error rate (BER)

oinvoketheGUI,type

ommand Window.

Evaluation

ns in the table below enable you to measure or visualize the bit

erformance of a communication system.

alysis GUI

Purpose

Error probability for uncoded AWGN channels

Error probability for coded AWGN channels

BER and c simulat

Error p

Fit a curve to nonsmooth empirical BER data

Bit error rate f or imperfect synchronization

Compute the distance spectrum of a convolutional code

Calculatebiterrorrateusingthesemianalytic technique

onfidence interval of Monte Carlo

ion

robability for Rayleigh fading channels

Equalizers

The functions in the table below enable you to equalize a signal using a linear equalizer, a decision feedback equalizer, or a maximum-likelihood sequence estimation equalizer based on the Viterbi algorithm.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Function

cma

dfe

equalize

lineareq

lms

mlseeq

normlms

rls

signlms

varlms

Purpose

Construct a constant modulus algorithm (CMA) object

Construct a decision feedback equalizer object

Equalize a signal using an equalizer object

Construct a linear equalizer object

Construct a least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm object

Equalize a linearly modulated signal using the Viterbi algorithm

Construct a normalized least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm object

Construct a recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive algorithm object

Construct a signed least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm object

Construct a variable step size least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm object

Fading Channels and Binary Symmetric Channel

The functions in the tables below enable you to model a Rayleigh fading channel, Rician fading channel, and binary symmetric channel.

Function

bsc

filter (for channel objects)

rayleighchan

reset

ricianchan

Purpose

Model a binary symmetric channel

Filter sig nal w i th channel object

Construct a Rayleigh fading channel object

Reset channel object

Construct a Rician fading channel object

Interleavers

The functions in and convolution

Version 3.0 (R14) Communications Toolbox™ Software

the tables below enable you to perform block interleaving

al interleaving, respectively.

Block Interlea

Function

algdeintrlv

ving

Purpose

Restore ordering of symbols, using algebraically derived permutation table

algintrlv

Reorder symbols, using algebraically derived permutation table

deintrlv

helscandeintrlv

helscanintrlv

intrlv

matdei

ntrlv

Restore ordering of symbols

Restore ordering of symbols in a helical pattern

Reorder

Restor column

trlv

matin

Reord empty

deintrlv

rand

Rest perm

dintrlv

ran

Reorder symbols, using a random permutation

Convolutional Interleaving

symbols in a helical pattern

sequence of symbols

e ordering of symbols by filling a matrix by

s and emptying it by rows

er symbols by filling a matrix by rows and

ingitbycolumns

ore ordering of symbols, using a random

utation

nction

onvdeintrlv

onvintrlv

heldeintrlv

helintrlv

rpose

estore ordering of sy mbo ls, using shift registers

ermute symbols, using shift registers

Restore ordering of symbols permuted using

helintrlv

Permute symbols , using a helical array

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Convolutional Interleaving (Continued)

Function

muxdeintrlv

muxintrlv

Purpose

Restore ordering of symbols, using specified shift registers

Permute symbols, u sin g shift registers with specified delays

Huffman Coding

The functions in the table below enable you to perform Huffman coding.

Function

huffmandeco

huffmandict

huffmanenco

Purpose

Huffman decoder

Generate Huffman code dictionary for a source with known probability model

Huffman encoder

Pulse Shaping

The functions in the table below enable you to perform rectangular pulse shaping at a transmitter and matched filtering at the corresponding receiver.

Function

intdump

rectpulse

These functions can be useful in conjunction with the modulation functions listed below.

Purpose

Integrate and dump

Rectangular pulse shaping

Utility Functions

The toolbox now includes the following utility functions, details of which are on the corresponding reference pages.

Version 3.0 (R14) Communications Toolbox™ Software

Function

noisebw

qfunc

qfuncinv

Purpose

Equivalent noise bandwidth of a filter

Q function

Inverse Q function

Enhancements for Modulation

The functions in the tables below enable you to perform modulation and demodulation using analog and digital methods. Some of the functions support modulation types that Communications Toolbox d id not previously support (DPSK and OQPSK). Other functions enhance and replace the older modulation and demodulation functions in Communications Toolbox. The new modulation and demodulation functions are designed to be easier to use than the older ones. Note, however, that the current set of modulation functions supports only analog passband and digital baseband modulation.

Analog Passband Modulation

Function

amdemod

ammod

fmdemod

fmmod

pmdemod

pmmod

ssbdemod

ssbmod

Purpose

Amplitude demodulation

Amplitude modulation

Frequency demodulation

Frequency modulation

Phase demodulation

Phase modulation

Single sideband amplitude demodulation

Single sideband amplitude modulation

Digital Baseband Modulation

Function

dpskdemod

dpskmod

Purpose

Differential phase shift keying demodulation

Differential phase shift keying modulation

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Digital Baseband Modulation (Continued)

Function

fskdemod

fskmod

genqamdemod

genqammod

modnorm

oqpskdemod

oqpskmod

pamdemod

pammod

pskdemod

pskmod

qamdemod

qammod

Purpose

Frequency s hift keying demodulation

Frequency shift keying modulation

General quadrature amplitude demodulation

General quadrature amplitude modulation

Scaling factor for normalizing modulation output

Offset quadrature phase shift keying demodulation

Offset quadrature phase shift keying modulation

Pulse amplitude demodulation

Pulse amplitude modulation

Phase shift keying demodulation

Phase shift keying modulation

Quadrature amplitude demodulation

Quadrature amplitude modulation

Enhancements for BCH Coding

The functions in the table below enable you to encode and decode BCH codes. These functions enhance and replace the older BCH coding functions in Communications Toolbox.

Function

bchdec

bchenc

bchgenpoly

Purpose

BCH decoder

BCH encoder

Generator polynomial of BCH code

When processing codes using these functions, you can control the primitive polynomial used to describe the Galois field containing the code symbols and the position of the parity symbols.

Version 3.0 (R14) Communications Toolbox™ Software

Updating Existi

ng Modulation MATLAB Code

Compatibility Considerations

If your existin you might want capabilities

• The toolbox no

However, it s is usually pr

• The toolbox

However, it

• The new suit

modulatio number of f

• The new mo

shaping w Also, the the modu

rectpul

• In most c

descri sets of update docume outpu

g MATLAB code performs modulation or demodulation, then

to update it to use the enhanced modulation or demodulation

. H ere are some important points to keep in mind:

longer supports digital passband modulation/demodulation.

upports digital baseband modulation/demodulation, which

eferable.

no longer supports analog baseband modulation/demodulation. supports analog passband modulation/demodulation.

e of functions includes a different function for each supported

n type, whe reas the old suite of functions included a smaller

unctions that each supported many modulation types.

dulation/demodulation functions do not apply rectangular pulse

hen modulating, and do not downsample when demodulating. new functions’ syntax does not involve lator input. To imitate the old functions’ behavior, see the new

and intdump functions.

ases, the new f unctions use different kinds of input argume nts to

be param eters of the modulation or demodulation scheme. T he new

argumentsaremeanttobeeasiertouse,butdetermininghowto

code might not be obvious. To make the task easier, compare the ntation for the old and new functions and compare the functions’

ts for small or w ell-understoo d data sets.

Fd, the sampling rate of

Updat

ingExistingBCHMATLABCode

Compatibility Considerations

ur existing MATLAB code processes BCH codes, then you might want

If yo

pdate it to use the enhanced BCH capabilities. Here are some important

to u

nts to keep in mind:

poi

• Use

• Us

bchenc instead of bchenco and encode(...,'bch').

bchdec instead of bchdeco and decode(...,'bch').

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

• Use bchgenpoly instead of bchpoly.

bchenc and bchdec use Galois arrays for the messages and codewords.

•

To learn more about Galois arrays, see “Representing Ele m en t s of Galois Fields” in the Communications Toolbox User’s Guide.

•

bchenc places (and bchdec expects to find) the parity symbols at the end of

each w ord by default. To process codes in which the parity symbols are at the beginning of each word, use the string argument when you invoke

Converting Between Release 13 and Release 14 Represen tations of Code Data. To help you update your existing MATLAB code that processes

BCH codes, the example below illustrates how to encode data using the new

bchenc function and the earlier encode and bchenco functions.

% Basic parameters for co ding n = 15; k = 11; % Message len gth and codeword length w = 10; % Number of words to encode in this example

% R13 binary vector format mydata_r13 = randint(w*k,1); % Long v ecto r % R13 binary matrix format mydata_r13_mat = reshape(mydata_r13,k,w)'; % One message per row % R13 decimal format mydata_r13_dec = bi2de(mydata_r13_mat); % Convert to decimal .

'beginning' as the last input

bchenc and bchdec.

% Equivalent R14 Galois ar ray format mydata_r14 = fliplr(gf(mydata_r13_mat));

% Encode the data using R13 methods. code_r13 = encode(mydata_r13,n,k,'bch'); code_r13_mat = encode(mydata_r13_mat,n,k,'bch'); code_r13_dec = encode(mydata_r13_dec,n,k,'bch/decimal'); code_r13_bchenco = bchenco(mydata_r13_mat,n,k);

% Encode the data using R14 method. code_r14 = bchenc(mydata_r14,n,k); codeX = fliplr(double(code_r14.x)); % Retrieve from Galois array .

% Check that all resulting codes are the same.

Version 3.0 (R14) Communications Toolbox™ Software

% c1, c2, c3, and c4 should all be true. c1 = isequal(de2bi(code_r13_dec),code_r13_mat); c2 = isequal(reshape(code_r13,n,w)',code_r13_mat); c3 = isequal(code_r13_bchenco,code_r13_mat); c4 = isequal(code_r13_mat,codeX); % Compare R13 with R14.

Changes in Functionality

Compatibility Considerations

The encode and decode functions no longer perform BCH encoding and decoding. Use the

bchenc and bchdec functions instead.

Obsolete Functions

Compatibility Considerations

The table below lists functions that are obsolete. Although they are included in Release 13 for backward compatibility, they might be removed in a future release. The second c olum n lists functions that provide similar functionality. In some cases, the similar function requires different input arguments or produces different output arguments, compared to the original function.

Obsolete Function Similar Function in R1 4

ademod amdemod, fmdemod, pmdemod,

ssbdemod

ademodce

amod ammod, fmmod, pmmod, ssbmod

amodce

apkconst

bchdeco bchdec

bchenco bchenc

Use passband demodulation instead:

amdemod, fmdemod, pmdemod, ssbdemod

Use passband modulation instead :

ammod, fmmod, pmmod, ssbmod

genqammod scatterplot for plotting

or pskmod for mapping;

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Obsolete Function Similar Function in R1 4

bchpoly bchgenpoly

ddemod

ddemodce genqamdemod, pamdemod, pskdemod,

demodmap genqamdemod, pamdemod, pskdemod,

dmod

dmodce genqammod, pammod, pskmod, qammod,

modmap genqammod, pammod, pskmod, qammod

qaskdeco qamdemod

qaskenco

Use baseband demodulation instead:

genqamdemod, pamdemod, pskdemod, qamdemod, fskdemod

qamdemod, fskdemod

qamdemod

Use baseband modulation instead:

genqammod, pammod, pskmod, qammod, fskmod

fskmod

for mapping; scatterplot for plotting

qammod

for mapping; scatterplot

for plotting

Version 2.1 (R13) Communications Toolbox™ Software

Version 2.1 (R13) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 2.1 (R13):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes—Details labeled as Compatibility Considerations, below. See also Summary.

New features and changes introduced in this version are

• “Galois Field Computations” on page 45

• “Enhancements for Reed-Solomon Codes” on page 46

• “Arithmetic Coding” on page 46

• “Fixed Bugs” on page 46

• “Known Problems” on page 47

• “Updating Existing Galois Field Code” on page 47

• “Updating Existing Reed-Solomon MATLAB Code” on page 53

• “Changes in Functionality” on page 55

• “Obsolete Functions” on page 56

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Fixed bugs and known problems

Related Documentation at Web Site

Galois Field Computations

Communications Toolbox supports a new data type that allows you to manipulate arrays of elements of a Galois field having 2 m is an integer between 1 and 16. When you use this data ty pe, mo st computations have the same syntax that you would use to manipulate ordinary MATLAB arrays of real numbers. The consistency with MATLAB syntax makes the new G alois field capabilities easier to use than the analogous Release 12 capabilities.

elements, where

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Enhancements for Reed-Solomon Codes

The functions in the table below allow you to encode and decode Reed-Solomon codes, including shortened Reed-Solom on codes. These functions enhance and replace the older Reed-Solomo n coding functions in Communications Toolbox.

Function Purpose

rsdec

rsenc

rsgenpoly

When processing codes using the se functions, you can control the generator polynomial, the primitive polynomial used to describe the Galois field containing the code symbols, and the position of the parity symbols.

Reed-Solomon decoder

Reed-Solomon encoder

Generator polynomial of Reed-Solomon code

Arithmetic Coding

The functions in the table below allow you to perform arithmetic coding.

Function Purpose

arithdeco

arithenco

Decode binary code using arithmetic decoding

Encode a sequence of symbols using arithmetic coding

Fixed Bugs

Reed-Solomon decoder corrects up to t errors

The new function rsdec accurately decodes Reed-Solomon codes containing up to

t errors in each codeword. This new function replaces the earlier functions

rsdeco and rsdecode.

Version 2.1 (R13) Communications Toolbox™ Software

Reed-Solomon encoder and decoder use more conventional format for data

The new functions rsenc and rsdec operate on the new Galois data type, which represents symbols using a decimal fo r m at.

The new functions enable you to choose whether parity bits appear at the beginning or end of each codeword.

Known Problems

Galois field manipulations canno t be compiled

The Galois field data type is not compatible with the MATLAB Compiler.

Incorrect name of data file in printed documentation

The section "Speed and Nondefault Primitive Polynomials" in the printed manual refers to a MAT-file called

userGftable.mat.

gftable.mat. It should say

Updating Existing Galois Field Code

Compatibility Considerations

If your existing code performs computations in Galois fields having 2 elements, where m is an integer between 1 and 16, then you might want to update your code to use the new Galois field capabilities.

Replacing Functions. The table below lists Release 12 functio ns that correspond to Release 13 functions or operators acting on the new Galois field data type. Compared to the syntax of their Release 12 counterparts, the syntaxes of the Release 13 functions are different, but generally easier to use.

Release 13 Function

Release 12 Function

gfadd +

gfconv conv

or Operator Comments

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Release 12 Function

gfcosets cosets cosets returns a

gfdeconv deconv

gfdiv ./

gffilter filter

gflineq \

gfplus +

gfprimck isprimitive

gfprimdf primpoly

gfprimfd primpoly

gfrank rank

gfroots roots

gfsub -

gftuple .^, log, polyval

Release 13 Function or Operator Comments

cell array, whereas

gfcosets returns a

NaN-padded matrix.

Unlike gffilt er,

filter also returns the

final states.

isprimitive

primitivity but not reducibility.

Unlike gfroots , roots indicates multiplicities of roots and can process polynomials in an extension field

See “Converting and Simplifying Formats Using R 13 Galois Arrays” on page 51 for more details.

detects

Version 2.1 (R13) Communications Toolbox™ Software

Converting Between Release 1 2 and Release 13 Representations of Field Elements. In some parts of your existing code, you might need to

convert data between the exponential format supported in Release 12 and the new Galois array. The code example below performs such conversions on a sample vector that represents elements of GF(16).

% Sample data m = 4; % For example, work in GF(2^4) = GF(16). a_r12 = [2 5 0 -Inf]; % GF(16) elements in exponential format

% 1. Convert to the Release 13 Galois array. A = gf(2,m); % Primitive element of the field a_r13 = A.^(a_r12); % Posi tiv e exponents mean A to that power. a_r13(find(a_r12 < 0)) = 0; % Negative exponents mean zero.

% 2. Convert back to the Release 12 exponential format. m = a_r13.m; A = gf(2,m); a_r12again = zeros(size(a_r13)); % Preallocate space in a matrix. zerolocations = find(a_r13 == 0); nonzerolocations = find(a_r13 ~= 0); a_r12again(zerolocations) = -Inf; % M ap 0 to negative exponent. a_r12again(nonzerolocations) = log(a_r13(nonzerolocations));

% Check that the two conversions are inverses. ck = isequal(a_r12,a_r12again)

ck =

Converting Between Release 1 2 and Release 13 Representations of Polynomials. Release 12 and Release 13 use different formats for

representing polynomials over GF(2

). Release 12 represents a polynomial as a vector of coefficients in order of ascending powers. Depending on the context, each coefficient listed in the vector represents either an element in a prime field or the exponential format of an element in an extension field. Release 13 uses the conventions described below.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Primitive Polynomials

The functions gf, isprimitive,andprimpoly represent a primitive polynomial using an integer scalar whose binary representation lists the coefficients of the polynomial. The least significant bit is the constant term.

For example, the scalar 13 has binary representation 1101 and represents the polynomial D

+D2+1.

Other Polynomials

When performing arithmetic with, e valuating, or finding roots of a polynomial, or when finding a minimal polynomial of a field element, you represent the polynomial using a Galois vector of coefficients in order of descending powers. Each coefficient listed in the vector represents an element in the field using the representation described in “How Integers Correspond to Galois F ield Elements”.

For example, the Galois vector

3+x2

x x GF(2

+ 1. Also, the Galois vector gf([1 2 3],3) represents the polynomial

+ Ax + (A+1), where A is a root of the default primitive polynomial for

). The coefficient of A+1 corresponds to the vector entry of 3 because

the binary representation of 3 is 11.

Example Showing Conversions

The code example below might help you determine how to convert between the Release 12 and Release 13 formats for polynomials.

gf([1 1 0 1],1) represents the polynomial

m = 3; % Work in GF(8).

poly_r12 = [1 1 0 1]; % 1+x+x^3, ascending order poly_r13 = gf([1 0 1 1],m); % x^3+x+1 in GF(8), descending order

% R12 polynomials pp_r12 = gfprimdf(m); % A primitive polynomial mp_r12 = gfminpol(4,m); % The minimal polynomial of an element rts_r12 = gfroots(poly_r12); % Find r oots .

Version 2.1 (R13) Communications Toolbox™ Software

% R13 polynomials pp_r13 = primpoly(m,'nodisplay'); % A primitive polynomial mp_r13 = minpol(gf(4,m)); % The minim al polynomial of an element rts_r13 = roots(poly_r13); % Find roo ts.

% R12 polynomials converted to R13 formats % For primitive poly, chan ge binary vector to decimal scalar. pp_r12_conv = bi2de(pp_r12); % For minimal poly, change ordering and make it a Galois array. mp_r12_conv = gf(fliplr(mp_r12)); % For roots of polynomial, note that R12 answers are in % exponential format. Conv ert to Galois array format. rts_r12_conv = gf(2,m) .^ rts_r12;

% Check that R12 and R13 yield the same answers. c1 = isequal(pp_r13,pp_r12_conv); % True. c2 = isequal(mp_r13,mp_r12_conv); % True. c3 = isequal(rts_r13,rts_r12_conv); % True.

Converting and Simplifying Formats Using R13 Galois Arrays. If your existing code uses

gftuple to convert between e xponential and polynomial

formats, or to simplify one of these formats, then the code example below might help you determine how to perform those tasks using the Release 13 Galois array.

% First define key characteristics of the field. m = 4; % For example, work in GF(2^4) = GF(16). A = gf(2,m); % Primitive element of the field

% 1. Simplifying a Polynom ial Format poly_big = 2^10 + 2^7; % Want to refer to the element A^10 + A^7. However, % cannot use gf(poly_big,m ) because poly_big is too large. poly1 = A.^10 + A.^7 % One way to define the element. poly2 = polyval(de2bi(poly_big,'left-msb'),A); % Another way. % The results show that A^10 + A^7 equals A^3 + A^2 in this % field, using the binary representation of 12 as 1100.

% 2. Simplifying an Expone nti al Format

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

exp_big = 39; exp_simple = log(A.^exp_big) % Simplest exponential format. % The results show that A^39 equals A^9 in this field.

% 3. Converting from Expon ent ial to Polynomial Format expf1 = 7; pf1 = A.^expf1 % The results show that A^7 equals A^3 + A + 1 in this % field, using the binary representation of 11 as 1011.

% 4. Converting from Polyn omi al to Exponential Format pf2 = 11; % Represents the element A^3 + A + 1 expf2 = log(gf(pf2,m)) % The results show that A^3 + A + 1 equals A^7 in this field.

The output is below.

poly1 = GF(2^4) array. Pr imit ive polynomial = D^4+D+1 (19 decimal)

Array elements =

exp_simple =

pf1 = GF(2^4) array. Primitive polynomial = D^4+D+1 (19 decimal)

Array elements =

expf2 =

Version 2.1 (R13) Communications Toolbox™ Software

Updating Existi

ng Reed-Solomon MATLAB Code

Compatibility Considerations

If your existin want to update some importan

• Use

•

rsenc inst

rsdec ins

rsgenpo

rsenc and rs

learn more a Fields”.

rsenc and r

•

Release 12 Release 1 Release 1

• The Rele

exponen convert upgrade Releas

g MATLAB code proces ses Reed-Solomon codes, then you might

it to use the enhanced Reed-Solomon capabilities. Below are

t points to keep in mind:

ead of

rsenco, rsencode,andencode(...,'rs').

tead of

dec

rsdeco, rsdecode,anddecode(...,'rs').

instead of rspoly.

use Galois arrays for the messages and codewords. To

bout Galois arrays, see “Representing Elements of Galois

sdec

interpret symbols in a different way compared to the

functions. For an example sh owing how to convert between 2 and Release 13 interpretations, see “Converting Between 2 and Release 13 Representations of Code Data” on page 54.

ase 12 functions support three different data formats. The

tial format is most easily converted to the Release 13 format. To

your data among the various Release12formatsasyouprepareto

to the new Release 13 functions, see “Converting Among Various

e 12 Representations of Coding Data” on page 55.

•

rsenc,

repres indic to the

• rse

eac the ar

rsdec,andrsgen poly use a Galois array in descending order to

ent the generator polynom ial argument. The commands below

ate ho w to conv ert generator polynomials from the Release 12 format

Release 13 format.

n = 7; k = 3; % E xamples of code parameters m = log2(n+1); % Number of bits in each symbol gp_r12 = rspoly(n,k); % R1 2 exponential format, ascending order gp_r13 = gf(2,m).^fliplr(gp_r12); % Convert to R13 format.

places (and rsdec expects to find) the parity symbols at the end of

h w ord by default. To process codes in which the parity symbols are at

beginning of each word, use the string

gument when you invoke

rsenc and rsdec.

'beginning' as the last input

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Converting Between Release 1 2 and Release 13 Representations of Code Data. To help yo u update your existing M -code that processes

Reed-Solomon codes, the example below illustrates how to encode data using the new

rsenc function and the earlier rsenco function.

% Basic parameters for co ding m = 4; % Number of bits per s ymbo l in each codeword t = 2; % Error-correction capability n = 2^m-1; k = n-2*t; % Message length and codeword length w = 10; % Number of words to encode in this example

% Lookup tables to transla te formats between rsenco and rsenc p2i = [0 gf(2,m).^[0:2^m-2 ]]; % Galois vector listing powers i2p = [-1 log(gf(1:2^m-1,m ))]; % Integer vector listing logs

% R12 method, exponential format % Exponential format uses integers between -1 and 2^m-2. mydata_r12 = randint(w,k,2^m)-1; code_r12 = rsenco(mydata_r12,n,k,'power'); % * Encode the data. * % Convert any -Inf values to -1 to facilitate comparisons. code_r12(isinf(code_r12)) = -1; code_r12 = reshape(code_r12,n,w)'; % One codeword per row

% R12 method, decimal format % This yields same results as R12 exponential format. mydata_r12_dec = mydata_r12 + 1; % Convert to decimal. code_r12_dec = rsenco(mydata_r12_dec,n,k,'decimal'); % Encode. code_r12_dectoexp = code_r12_dec - 1; % Convert to exponential. c1 = isequal(code_r12,code_r12_dectoexp); % True.

% R12 method, binary format % This yields same results as R12 exponential format. mydata_r12_bin = de2bi(mydata_r12_dec',m); % Convert to bina ry. code_r12_bin = rsenco(mydata_r12_bin,n,k,'binary'); % Encode. code_r12_bintoexp = reshape(bi2de(code_r12_bin),n,w)' - 1; c2 = isequal(code_r12,code_r12_bintoexp); % True.

% R13 method mydata_r13 = fliplr(mydata_r12); % Reverse the order. % Convert format, using +2 to get in the right range fo r indexing.

Version 2.1 (R13) Communications Toolbox™ Software

mydata_r13 = p2i(mydata_r13+2); code_r13 = rsenc(mydata_r13,n,k); % * Encode the data. * codeX = double(code_r13.x); % Retrieve data from Galois array. % Convert format, using +1 to get in the right range fo r indexing. codelogX = i2p(codeX+1); codelogX = fliplr(codelogX); % Reverse the order again.

c3 = isequal(code_r12,codelogX) % True.

c3 =

Converting Among Various Release 12 Representations of Coding Data. These rules indicate how to convert among the exponential, decimal,

and binary formats that the Release 12 Reed-Solomon functions support:

• To convert from decimal format to exponential format, subtract one.

• To convert from exponential format to decimal format, replace any negative

values by -1 and then add one.

• To convert between decimal and binary formats, use

de2bi an d bi2de.The

right-most bit is the most significant bit in this context.

The commands below illustrate these conversions.

msgbin = randint(11,4); % Message fo r a (15,11) = (2^4-1, 11) code msgdec = bi2de(msgbin)'; % Binary to decimal msgexp = msgdec - 1; % Decimal to exponential codeexp = rsenco(msgexp,15,11,'power'); codeexp(find(codeexp < 0)) = -1; % Use -1 consistently. codedec = codeexp + 1; % Exponential to decimal codebin = de2bi(codedec); % Decimal t o binary

Changes in Functionality

Compatibility Considerations

The table below lists functions whose behavior has changed.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Function Change in Functionality

wgn

Obsolete Functions

Compatibility Considerations

The default measurement unit is the dBW, formerly documented as "dB." To specify this unit explicitly in the syntax, set the argument to

powertype input

'dBW',not'dB'.The

output of the function is unaffected by this change in syntax.

Function Similar Function

gfplus

rsdeco rsdec

rsdecode rsdec

rsenco rsenc

rsencode rsenc

rspoly rsgenpoly

operator for Galois arrays

Version 2.0 (R12) Communications Toolbox™ Software

Version 2.0 (R12) Communications Toolbox Software

This table summarizes what’s new in Version 2.0 (R12):

New Features and Changes

Yes Details below

Version Compatibility Considerations

Yes—Details labeled as Compatibility Considerations, below. See also Summary.

New features and changes introduced in this version are

• “Convolutional Coding Functions” on page 57

• “Gaussian Noise Functions” on page 58

• “Other New Functions” on page 58

• “Enhancements to Existing Fun ctions” on page 58

• “Fixed Bugs” on page 59

• “Changes in Functionality” on page 62

• “Obsolete Functions” on page 64

Fixed Bugs an d Known Problems

Fixed bugs

Related Documentation at Web Site

Convolutional Coding Functions

Communications Toolbox processes feedforward and feedback convolutional codes that can be described by a trellis structure or a set of generator polynomials. It uses the Viterbi algorithm to implement hard-decision and soft-decision decoding. These new functions support convolutional coding:

•

convenc creates a convolutional code from binary data.

vitdec decodes convolutionally encoded d ata using the Viterbi algorithm.

•

poly2trellis converts a polynomial description of a convolutional encoder

•

to a trellis description.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

• istrellis checks if the input is a valid trellis structure representing a

convolutional encoder.

Gaussian Noise Functions

These new functions create Gaussian noise:

•

awgn adds white Gaussian noise to the input signal to produce a specified

signal-to-noise ratio.

•

wgn generates white Gaussian noise with a specified power, impedance,

and complexity.

Other New Functions

These functions are also new in Release 12:

•

eyediagram plots an eye diagram.

marcumq implements the generalized Marcum Q function.

•

oct2dec converts octal numbers to decimal numbers.

•

randerr generates bit error patterns. This is similar to the obsolete

•

function

randbit, but it accepts a more intuitive set of input arguments

and uses an upgraded random number generator.

•

randsrc generates random matrices using a prescribed alphabet.

scatterplot produces a scatter plot.

•

syndtable generates syndrome decoding tables. This is similar to the

•

obsolete function

htruthtb, but it is not limited to single-error-correction

codes.

Enhancements to Existing Functions

The following functions have been enhanced in Release 12:

•

biterr and symerr provide a third output argument that indicates the

results of individual comparisons. These functions also provide more comprehensive support for comparisons between a vector and a matrix.

Version 2.0 (R12) Communications Toolbox™ Software

• de2bi and bi2de use an optional input flag to indicate the ordering of bits.

If you omit the flag from the list of input arguments, then the default behavior matches that of Release 11.

•

randint can operate without input arguments. Also, it can accept a

negative value for the optional third input argument.

Fixed Bugs

VITERBIisslowanddoesnotdecodecorrectly

VITERBI has been replaced by a new function, VITDEC, which is much faster and decodes correctly.

DDEMOD and DDEMODCE do not produce correct symbol error rates

DDEMOD and DDEMODCE now produce the optimal symbol error rate in AWGN for PSK, ASK, QASK (QAM), FSK, and noncoherent FSK.

DMOD and DMODCE generate incorrect waveform for MSK and FSK

DMOD and DMODCE now generate the correct waveform for MSK and FSK.

GFADD, GFSUB, GFDIV, GFMUL, GFCONV and GFDECONV return incorrect answers

GFADD, GFSUB, GFDIV, GFMUL, GFCONV and GFDECONV have been improved in the following ways:

• Correct answers for prime and extension Galois fields, including prime

fields,GF(p),wherep>2.

• Correct handling of -Inf and negative values for extension Galois fields.

• Enhanced help descriptions to better distinguish the purposes of the

functions.

• Improved input parameter checking.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

GFMINPOL returns incorrect answers when first input is -Inf or when p>2. The function also sometimes crashes

GFMINPOL now returns the correct answers and does not crash.

GFPLUS and RSENCODE returns incorrect answers for negative inputs

GFPLUS now returns correct answers for negative inputs. This fix also allows RSENCODE to return correct results.

GFLINEQ returns incorrect answers in prime Galois fields of order greaterthan 2

GFLINEQ now solves linear equations in prime Galois fields of order greater than 2.

GFPRIMDF produces "out of memory" messages for degrees higher than 24

GFPRIMDF now uses less memory and can find primitives of degrees greater than 24. Howev er, this calculation will take considerable time.

DECODE using the cyclic decoder option does not decode (23,12) Golay codecorrectly

The cyclic decoder now decodes the (23,12) Golay code correctly.

GFPRIMFD finds incorrect primitive polynomial

GFPRIMFD finds the correct primit ive poly nomial for the given Galois field.

GFTUPLE returns incorrect answers when m=1

GFTUPLE now returns the correct answers when m=1.

GFPRIMCK, GFTRUNC, GFADD and GFFILTER causes segmentation violations

GFPRIMCK, GFTRUNC, GFADD and GFFILTER do not cause segmentation violations.

Version 2.0 (R12) Communications Toolbox™ Software

GFPRIMCK returns incorrect answers if p > 2 or inputs are large.

GFPRIMCK correctly determines if a polynomial is irreducible and/or primitive.

DECODE i ncorrectly dec odes block codes

DECODE now correctly decodes block codes using either the [I P] or [P I] standard forms of the generator and parity-check matrices.

RCOSFLT does not correctly filter and upsample the input signal

RCOSFLT now applies the correct raised-cosine filter type a nd fully filters and upsamples the input signal.

EYESCAT is difficult to use and plots I and Q components together

EYESCAT has been replaced by new functions, EYEDIAGRAM and SCATTERPLOT, w h ich are easier to use, plot I and Q components separately, and allow X-Y plots.

ADEMOD ignores the phase offset parameter under the ’pm’ option andhas no sensitivity parameter under the ’fm’ option

The phase offset now causes the correct phase offset in the dem o d ulator. New parameters w ere introduced to allow the sensitivity to be changed.

ADEMOD ’pm’ option - sensitivity parameter is required and causes a dcoffset

ADEMOD now has an optional parameter called ’VCOconst’ that replaces sensitivity and does not cause a dc offset.

RANDINT hangs when the range is large

RANDINT no longer hangs for large numbers.

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

RANDBIToutputisnotrandom

RANDBIT has been replaced by a new function, RANDERR, which generates random output and supports for seeding.

Changes in Functionality

Compatibility Considerations

The table below lists functions whose behavior has changed.

Function Change in Functionality

bi2de

biterr

biterr, symerr

Distinguishes between rows and columns as input vectors. Treats column vector as separate numbers, not as digits of a single number. To adapt your existing code, transpose the input vector if necessary.

Input argument k must be large enough to represent all eleme nts of the input arguments

Distinguish between rows and columns as input vectors. To adapt your existing code, transpose the input vector if necessary.

x and y.

Use different strings for the input argument that controls row-wise and column-wise comparisons.

Produce vector, not scalar, output ifoneinputisavector. Seethese functions’ reference pages for more information.

Version 2.0 (R12) Communications Toolbox™ Software

Function Change in Functionality

de2bi

Second input argument, if it appears, must not be smaller than the number of bits in any element of the first input argument. Previously, the function produced a truncated binary representation instead of an error. To adapt your existing code, specify a su ff ici ently large number for the second input argument and then truncate the answer manually.

ddemod

Default behavior uses no filter, not a Butterworth filter. Regardless of filtering, the function uses an integrator to perform demodulation.

dmod, ddemod, dmodce, ddemodce, modmap, demodmap

For frequency shift keying method, the default separation betw ee n successive frequencies is

2*Fd/M. For minimum shift keying

method, the separation between

encode, decode

frequencies is

No longer support convolutional coding. Use

Fd/2,notFd.

convenc and vitdec

instead.

gflineq

If the equation has no solutions, then the function returns an empty matrix, not a matrix of zeros.

randint

Uses state instead of seed to initialize random number generator. See

rand for more information

about initializing random number generators.

rcosflt

The 'wdelay' flag is superfluous. The function now behaves as the Release 11 function behaved with the

'wdelay'’flag.

Fd,not

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Obsolete Functions

Compatibility Considerations

The table below lists functions that are obsolete. Although they are included in Release 12 for backward compatibility, they might be removed in a future release. Where applicable, the second column lists functions that provide similar functionality. In some cases, the similar function requires different arguments or produces different results compared to the original function.

Function Similar Fun ction, if Any

commgui

convdeco vitdec

convenco convenc

eyescat eyediagram, scatterplot

flxor bitxor

gen2abcd

htruthtb syndtable

imp2sys

oct2gen

randbit randerr

sim2gen

sim2logi

sim2tran

viterbi vitdec

Communications Toolbox™ Relea s e Notes Compatibility Summary

Communications Toolbox Release Notes Compatibility Summary

This table summ incompatibili use files on mu new feature or

Version (Release) New Features and Changes with Version

Latest Version V4.5 (R2010a)

V4.4 (R2009b) See the Compatibility Consi d erations

V4.3 (R2009a) See the Compatibility Consi d erations

arizes new features and changes that might cause

ties when you upgrade from an earlier version, or when y ou

ltiple versions. Detai ls are provided in the description of the

change.

Compatibility Impact

See the Compatibility Considerations subheading for each of these new features or changes:

• “Error Rate Test Console Enhancements” on

page 4

subheading for each of these new features or changes:

• “Channel Objects Support Parallel

Computing Toolbox” on page 9

• “Functions and Function E lements Being

Removed” on page 11

subheading for each of these new features or changes:

V4.2 (R2008b)

V4.1 (R2008a)

V4.0 (R2007b)

• commsrc.package now supports PN sequence

generation

None

Communications Toolbox™ Release Notes

Version (Release) New Features and Changes with Version

Compatibility Impact

V3.5 (R2007a) See the Compatibility Consi d erations

subheading for each of these new features or changes:

• “Theoretical Results Refined for

berfading, and BERTool” on page 25

berawgn,

V3.4 (R2006b) See the Compatibility Consi d erations

subheading for each of these new features or changes:

• “Object-Based PSK and QAM Modulation

and Demodulation” on page 28

• “QAM and PSK M odulation and

Demodulation Functions Obsoleted” on page 28

V3.3 (R2006a)

V3.2 (R14SP3)

None

V3.1 (R14SP2) See the Compatibility Consi d erations

subheading for each of these new features or changes:

• “gfrank” on page 32

• “encode, decode, and quantiz” on page 32

V3.0.1 (R14SP1)

None

Communications Toolbox™ Relea s e Notes Compatibility Summary

Version (Release) New Features and Changes with Version

Compatibility Impact

V3.0 (R14) See the Compatibility Considerations

subheading for each of these new features or changes:

• “Updating Existing M odulation MATLAB

Code” on page 41

• “Updating Existing BCH MATLAB Code” on

page 41

• “Changes in Functionality” on page 43

• “Obsolete Functions” on page 43

V2.1 (R13) See the Compatibility Considerations

subheading for each of these new features or changes:

• “Updating Existing Galois Field Code” on

page 47

• “Updating Existing Reed-Solomon MATLAB

Code” on page 53

• “Changes in Functionality” on page 55

• “Obsolete Functions” on page 56

V2.0 (R12) See the Compatibility Considerations

subheading for each of these new features or changes:

• “Changes in Functionality” on page 62

• “Obsolete Functions” on page 64

Mathworks COMMUNICATIONS TOOLBOX RELEASE NOTES RELEASE NOTE

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

SummarybyVersion

New Features and Changes

Using Release Notes

What Is in the Release Notes

Version Compatibility Con si derations

Fixed Bugs and Known Problems

Version 4.5 (R2010a) Communications Toolbox Software

Error Rate Test Console Enhancements

Surface Plotting Capabilities

New Stop Simulation Option

Simultaneous Specification of Sweep Values

Probe Descriptions

Parsing of Results

Compatibility Considerations

biterr Function Supports Logical Input Arguments

Demos

Version 4.4 (R2009b) Communications Toolbox Software

Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) Measurements

New EVM Normalization Options

Error Rate Test Console

Channel Objects Support Parallel Computing Toolbox

Compatibility Considerations

New Demos

Version 4.3 (R2009a) Communications Toolbox Software

Bell-Shape Doppler Object

Scatter Plot

Compatibility Consideration

Version 4.2 (R2008b) Communications Toolbox Software

Pattern Generator

EyeScope Compare Measurement Results View

New Demos

Version 4.1 (R2008a) Communications Toolbox Software

Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC)

Eye Diagram Measurements

EyeScope Functionality

New BCH and Reed Solomon Objects

New Demos

Version 4.0 (R2007b) Communications Toolbox Software

Version 3.5 (R2007a) Communications Toolbox Software

Added Support for Different Doppler Spectra to Channel Objects

Theoretical Results Refined for berawgn, berfading, and BERTool

Compatibility Considerations

Various Enhancements Made to BERTool

Version 3.4 (R2006b) Communications Toolbox Software

Theoretical BER Results Added

Bitwise Soft-Decision Outputs for PSK and QAM Demodulators

Added LDPC Encoder and Decoder Objects

Line-of-Sight Doppler Shift Added to Rician Channel

Compatibility Considerations

Compatibility Considerations

Version 3.3 (R2006a) Communications Toolbox Software

convenc and vitdec Updated with Puncturing and Erasing

Enhanced pamdemod, pskdemod, and qamdemod Functions

Version 3.2 (R14SP3) Communications Toolbox Software

Added function bchnumerr

Speed increase in bchgenpoly, bchenc, and bchdec functions

Version 3.1 (R14SP2Comm unications Toolbox Software

Channel Visualization Tool

Improved Rayleigh Fading Channel

Gray Coding Functionality

Rician Channel Enhancement to the BERTool

gfrank

Compatibility Considerations

encode, decode, and quantiz

Compatibility Considerations

Version 3.0.1 (R14SP1) Communications Toolbox Software

Rician Channel BER Calculations

berfading Updated for Rician Channel

New Adaptive Equalization Demo

Version 3.0 (R14) Communications Toolbox Software

Equalizers

Fading Channels and Binary Symmetric Channel

Interleavers

Convolutional Interleaving

Huffman Coding

Pulse Shaping