Martel Electronics MasterCAL User Manual

MasterCAL
Calibrator
June 2004
© 2004 Beta. All rights reserved. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies. Beta Calibrators Corporation is a unit of Martel Electronics For more information on Martel go to www.martelcorp.com
Users Manual

WARRANTY

Martel Electronics Corporation warrants all products against material defects and workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months after the date of shipment. Problems or defects that arise from misuse or abuse of the instrument are not covered. If any product is to be returned, a “Return Material Authorization” number must be obtained from our Customer Service Department. This number must be indicated on the return package as notice to our Receiving Department to accept the shipment. Any package not so marked will not be accepted and will be returned to the shipper. Martel will not be responsible for damage as a result of poor return packaging. Out of warranty repairs and recali­bration will be subject to specific charges. Under no circumstances will Martel Electronics be liable for any device or circumstance beyond the value of the product.
Customer Service
For service please contact Beta:
Beta Calibrators Corporation A unit of Martel Electronics 2309 Springlake Road, #600 Farmers Branch, TX 75234-5875
1-800-537-2181 972-241-2200
Or visit us on the World Wide Web:
www.betacalibrators.com

Table of Contents

Title Page
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1
Standard Equipment...................................................................................................... 2
Safety Information ......................................................................................................... 7
Getting Started Exercise................................................................................................ 10
Operating Features........................................................................................................ 12
Input and Output Jacks............................................................................................. 12
Keys.......................................................................................................................... 14
Display...................................................................................................................... 17
Setting Up the Calibrator ............................................................................................... 19
Using the Strap and Bail........................................................................................... 19
Charging the Battery................................................................................................. 20
Battery Life................................................................................................................ 22
Preserving Battery Life ............................................................................................. 23
Using the Optional Battery Eliminator....................................................................... 23
Selecting the Display Language ............................................................................... 24
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MasterCAL
Users Manual
Adjusting the Display Contrast .................................................................................. 24
Displaying the Date and Time ................................................................................... 24
Using the Backlight ................................................................................................... 26
Personalizing the Calibrator ...................................................................................... 26
Using Measure Mode..................................................................................................... 28
Measurement Ranges............................................................................................... 28
Measuring Electrical Parameters .............................................................................. 28
Testing Continuity ..................................................................................................... 30
Measuring Pressure .................................................................................................. 30
Measuring Temperature............................................................................................ 34
Using Thermocouples........................................................................................... 34
Using Resistance-Temperature Detectors (RTDs)............................................... 37
Measurement Scale .................................................................................................. 41
Linear-Output Transmitters................................................................................... 41
Square-Law Process Variables ............................................................................ 42
Measuring or Sourcing with Custom Units ................................................................ 43
Using the 700-IV Current Shunt ................................................................................ 44
Damping Your Measurements................................................................................... 44
Using Source Mode........................................................................................................ 46
Sourcing Electrical Parameters................................................................................. 46
Simulating a 4 to 20 mA Transmitter......................................................................... 48
Supplying Loop Power .............................................................................................. 50
Sourcing Pressure..................................................................................................... 52
Simulating Thermocouples........................................................................................ 55
Simulating RTDs ....................................................................................................... 56
Source Scale............................................................................................................. 62
Linear-Responding Transmitters .......................................................................... 62
Square-Law Process Variables ............................................................................ 62
ii
Contents
Stepping and Ramping the Output Value ................................................................. 63
Using Manual Step............................................................................................... 63
Using Auto Step ................................................................................................... 64
Ramping the Output............................................................................................. 65
Simultaneous Measure/Source ..................................................................................... 68
Calibrating a Process Instrument .................................................................................. 71
Generating “As Found” Test Data............................................................................. 71
Adjusting the Transmitter.......................................................................................... 76
“As Left” Test Run..................................................................................................... 77
Test Comments ........................................................................................................ 78
Calibrating a Delta-Pressure Flow Instrument .......................................................... 78
Calibrating a Limit Switch ......................................................................................... 79
Transmitter Mode .......................................................................................................... 82
Memory Operations....................................................................................................... 84
Saving Results.......................................................................................................... 84
Reviewing Memory ................................................................................................... 86
Data Logging ............................................................................................................ 86
Recording Min and Max Measurements................................................................... 89
Running a Preloaded Task ....................................................................................... 89
Clearing Memory ...................................................................................................... 89
Using the Built-in Calculator .......................................................................................... 90
Saving to and Recalling from the Registers.............................................................. 90
Using the Calculator to Set the Source Value .......................................................... 91
Quick Guide to Applications .......................................................................................... 91
Replacing the Battery Pack ...................................................................................... 101
Internal Lithium Backup Battery................................................................................ 102
Cleaning the Calibrator............................................................................................. 102
Calibration Data........................................................................................................ 102
(continued)
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MasterCAL
Users Manual
Index
In Case of Difficulty ................................................................................................... 102
Service Center Calibration or Repair......................................................................... 103
Replacement Parts......................................................................................................... 104
Accessories.................................................................................................................... 105
Specifications................................................................................................................. 106
DC Voltage Measurement......................................................................................... 107
AC Voltage Measurement ......................................................................................... 108
DC Current Measurement ......................................................................................... 109
Resistance Measurement.......................................................................................... 109
Continuity Testing ..................................................................................................... 110
Frequency Measurement .......................................................................................... 110
DC Voltage Output .................................................................................................... 111
DC Current Output .................................................................................................... 112
Resistance Sourcing ................................................................................................. 113
Frequency Sourcing .................................................................................................. 114
Temperature, Thermocouples................................................................................... 115
Temperature, Resistance Temperature Detectors.................................................... 118
Loop Power Supply ................................................................................................... 120
Top and Bottom Limits of Ranges with Auto Range On............................................ 121
General Specifications .............................................................................................. 123
iv

List of Tables

Table Title Page
1. Summary of Source and Measure Functions ....................................................................... 4
2. Input/Output Jacks and Connectors ..................................................................................... 12
3. Key Functions....................................................................................................................... 15
4. Battery Life ........................................................................................................................... 22
5. Thermocouple Types Accepted............................................................................................ 35
6. RTD Types Accepted............................................................................................................ 37
7. Simultaneous MEASURE/SOURCE Functions with Loop Power Disabled.......................... 69
8. Simultaneous MEASURE/SOURCE Functions with Loop Power Enabled........................... 70
9. Replacement Parts ............................................................................................................... 104
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vi

List of Figures

Figure Title Page
1. Standard Equipment............................................................................................................. 5
2. Definition of Symbols............................................................................................................ 7
3. Jumper Connections for Demonstration ............................................................................... 11
4. Measure/Source Example .................................................................................................... 11
5. Input/Output Jacks and Connectors ..................................................................................... 13
6. Keys...................................................................................................................................... 14
7. Elements of a Typical Display .............................................................................................. 18
8. Using the Bail and Installing the Strap.................................................................................. 19
9. Removing the Battery and Using the Charger...................................................................... 21
10. Electrical Measurement Connections ................................................................................... 29
11. Connections for Measuring Pressure ................................................................................... 33
12. Measuring Temperature with a Thermocouple..................................................................... 36
13. Using a Jumper Correctly ..................................................................................................... 39
14. Measuring Temperature with an RTD................................................................................... 40
15. Electrical Sourcing Connections........................................................................................... 47
16. Connections for Simulating a 4 to 20 mA Transmitter .......................................................... 49
17. Connections for Supplying Loop Power................................................................................ 51
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18. Connections for Sourcing Pressure ...................................................................................... 54
19. Connections for Simulating a Thermocouple ........................................................................ 57
20. Connections for Simulating an RTD...................................................................................... 58
21. Sourcing Temperature using Drywell .................................................................................... 60
22. Checking a Relay Output Trip Alarm..................................................................................... 67
23. Calibrating a Thermocouple Temperature Transmitter ......................................................... 73
24. Limit Switch Terminology ...................................................................................................... 79
25. Calibrating a Chart Recorder ................................................................................................ 92
26. Measuring Voltage Drop ....................................................................................................... 92
27. Monitoring AC Line Voltage and Frequency ......................................................................... 93
28. Calibrating a Current-to-Pressure (I/P) Transmitter .............................................................. 94
29. Measuring the Output Current of a Transmitter..................................................................... 95
30. Measuring a Precision Resistor ............................................................................................ 96
31. Sourcing Resistance ............................................................................................................. 96
32. Checking a Switch................................................................................................................. 97
33. Checking a Tachometer........................................................................................................ 97
34. Calibrating a Pressure-to-Current (P/I) Transmitter .............................................................. 98
35. Calibrating a mV to Current Transmitter................................................................................ 99
36. Checking a Vortex Sheeding Flowmeter............................................................................... 100
37. LCD Operating Environment Specification............................................................................ 126
viii

Introduction

The Beta MasterCAL Calibrator (hereafter referred to as the calibrator) is a battery-powered, hand-held instrument that measures and sources electrical and physical parameters, and provides basic HART communicator functions when used with HART­capable transmitters. Refer to the
HART to use the HART communication feature.
The calibrator lets you troubleshoot, calibrate, verify, and document your work on process instruments. Calibrator Specifications are at the back of the manual.
Mode Users Guide
for instructions on how
MasterCAL

Calibrator

addition to these functions, the calibrator has the following features:
General features:
An analog display to make it easy to read measurements when the input is unstable.
A setup option that lets you set the display to English, French, German, Italian, or Spanish.
A thermocouple (TC) input/output jack and internal isothermal block with automatic reference-junction temperature compensation. Or, you can manually enter an external temperature reference.
A summary of the measuring and sourcing functions provided by the calibrator is shown in Table 1. In
1
The ability to store results for later review.
MasterCAL
Users Manual
The ability to automatically log up to 8,000 data points.
A serial computer interface for uploading/downloading tasks, lists, and results.
Automatic calibration procedures for transmitters and limit switches using split screen MEASURE/SOURCE mode.
Transmitter mode in which the calibrator can be configured to emulate the functions of a process instrument.
Built-in calculator with square-root function, and accessible registers containing measure and source values.
An optional bar code wand for entering alphanumeric characters.
Measuring features:
Damping (smoothing of the last several readings), with display indicator of damped status.
Display of measurements in engineering units, percent of scale, square-law inputs, or custom units.
The ability to capture and display minimum and maximum measured levels.
Sourcing features:
The ability to set source values to engineering units, percent of scale, square-law outputs, or custom units.
Manual and automatic stepping, and an output ramp feature for testing limit switches. Trip detect is either a 1 V change or a continuity status change (Open or Short) from one ramp increment to the next.
For performance testing and calibration instructions contact Beta.
To contact Beta, call: USA and Canada: 1-800-537-2181
972-241-2200 Or visit us on the World Wide Web:
www.betacalibrators.com

Standard Equipment

The items listed below and shown in Figure 1 are included with your calibrator. If the calibrator is
2
Calibrator Standard Equipment
damaged or something is missing, contact the place of purchase immediately. To order replacement parts or spares, see the user-replaceable parts list at the end of this manual.
TL24 industrial test leads (two sets)
AC20 test clips (two sets)
TP20 test probes (one set)
HART interface cable
BP7235 rechargeable nickel-metal hydride pack
BC7217 battery charger with Instruction Sheet
Adjustable quick-release strap (PN 946769)
Jumper for three-wire RTD measurement
connections (two included, PN 944632)
MasterCAL Users Manual on CD
MasterCAL
HART
Mode Users Guide on CD
3
MasterCAL
Users Manual
Table 1. Summary of Source and Measure Functions
Function Measure Source
vdc V 0 V to +/-300 V 0 V to 15 V (10 mA max)
hac V 0 V to 300 V rms, 20 Hz to 5 kHz No sourcing hFrequency 1 Hz to 1 kHz (100 mV to 300 V rms)
1 kHz to 30 kHz (0.5 V to 30 V rms) 30 kHz to 50 kHz (1 V to 30 V rms)
qResistance 0 Ω to 11 k 0 Ω to 11 k
0.1 V to 10 V p-p sine wave, or peak square wave, 0 Hz to 50 kHz
mdc Current 0 mA to 110 mA 0 to 22 mA (28 V max), sourcing or sinking
qContinuity Beep and the word Short indicates continuity No sourcing
tThermocouple Types E, N, J, K, T, B, R, S, C, L, or U tRTD
pPressure 27 modules ranging from 0 to 10 in. H2O
(2.5 kPa) to 0 to 10,000 psi (69,000 kPa) sLoop Power 24 or 28 V (22 mA max) Note: Use an external hand pump or other pressure source as a pressure stimulus for the source pressure function.
100 Platinum (3926)
100 Platinum (385)
120 Nickel (672) 200 Platinum (385) 500 Platinum (385)
1000 Platinum (385)
10 Copper (427)
100 Platinum (3916)
Note
4
Calibrator Standard Equipment
TP20
Test Probe
(1 Red and 1 Black)
AC20
Test Clip
(2 Red and 2 Black)
Test Leads
(2 Red and 2 Black)
TL24
Jumper
(2 Black)
Figure 1. Standard Equipment
Strap
V
V
Hz
7
8
4
5
1
2
0
V
R
T
D
.
A
m
A
m
R
T
D
U
S
R
O
C
E
E
A
M
S
30V M
AX
TC
RTD
L
R
E
C
A
9
Z
E
(
R
)
O
6
3
E
N
T
E
R
V
300V
T
C
M
AX
ot01f.eps
5
MasterCAL
Users Manual
BC7217
Battery Charger
BP7235
Nickel-Metal Hydride
Battery Pack
Users
Manual
+ HART Mode Users Guide
on CD
Figure 1. Standard Equipment (cont)
HART
Interface
Cable
ot02f.eps
6
Calibrator Safety Information

Safety Information

This calibrator is designed and tested in accordance with IEC1010-1 and CAN/CSA C22.2 No.
1010.1-92. Use the calibrator only as specified in
AC-Alternating Current
DC-Direct Current
Fuse
Pressure
ON/OFF
Recycling
CAT
II
Figure 2. Definition of Symbols
this manual, otherwise the protection provided by the calibrator may be impaired.
Symbols used on the calibrator and in this manual are explained in Figure 2.
CAUTION see explanation in manual
Common (LO) Input equipotentiality
Equipment protected throughout by DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED INSULATION
Conforms to relevent European Union directives.
Conforms to relevent Canadian Standards Association directives.
Overvoltage (Installation) Category IEC 1010-1 refers to the level of Impluse Withstand Voltage protection provided. Typical locations include; Mains Wall outlets, local appliances and PORTABLE EQUIPMENT.
II
, Pollution Degree 2 per
gj56f.eps
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MasterCAL
Users Manual
Safety Information (cont)
A Warning identifies conditions and actions that pose hazards to the user; a Caution identifies conditions and actions that may damage the calibrator or the equipment under test.
WWarning
To avoid electric shock or personal injury, adhere to the following practices:
Do not use the calibrator if it is damaged.
Before you use the calibrator, inspect the insulating cover. Look for cracks or missing plastic. Pay particular attention to the insulation surrounding the connectors.
Disconnect the power and discharge all high-
voltage capacitors in the equipment under test before testing resistance or continuity.
Inspect the test leads for damaged insulation
or exposed metal. Check test lead continuity. Replace damaged test leads before using the calibrator.
Do not use the calibrator if it operates
abnormally. Protection may be impaired. When in doubt, have the calibrator serviced.
Select the proper function and range for your
measurement.
Use caution when working above 30 V ac
rms, 42 V ac pk, or 60 V dc. Such voltages pose a shock hazard.
When using the probes, keep your fingers
away from the probe contacts. Keep your fingers behind the finger guards on the probes.
Connect the common test lead before you
connect the live test lead. When you disconnect test leads, disconnect the live test lead first.
Replace the battery as soon as there is a low
battery indication on the display. The possibility of false readings can lead to electric shock and personal injury.
8
Calibrator Safety Information
Safety Information (cont)
WWarning (cont)
Do not apply more than the rated voltage, as
marked on the calibrator, between the terminals, or between any terminal and earth ground.
When using probes, keep your fingers
behind the finger guards.
Do not use the calibrator with any part of the
case or cover removed.
Do not operate the calibrator around
explosive gas, vapor, or dust.
When using a pressure module, make sure
the process pressure line is shut off and depressurized before you connect it to or disconnect it from the pressure module.
Disconnect test leads before changing to
another measure or source function.
When servicing the calibrator, use only
specified replacement parts.
Do not use any battery eliminator other than
the Fluke model BE9005 Battery Eliminator.
Caution
To avoid possible damage to the calibrator or the equipment under test, follow these guidelines:
Disconnect circuit power and discharge all
high-voltage capacitors before testing resistance, continuity, diodes, or capacitance.
Use the proper terminals, function, and range
for your measurements.
9
MasterCAL
Users Manual

Getting Started Exercise

The following is a brief getting started exercise that will make it easier to understand the instructions in the rest of the manual.
1. When you first unpack the calibrator, you will need to charge the battery. See Figure 9 and charge the battery for 2 hours.
2. Reinstall the battery in the calibrator.
3. Connect the calibrator’s voltage output to its voltage input as follows: connect leftmost pair of jacks (V RTD SOURCE) to the right most pair of jacks (V MEAS). (See Figure 3.)
4. Press o to turn on the calibrator. Press u and d to adjust the display contrast for the best looking display. The calibrator powers up in the dc voltage measurement function, and is taking readings on the V MEAS pair of input jacks.
5. Press s to switch to the SOURCE screen. The calibrator is still measuring dc voltage, and you can see the active measurements at the top of the display.
6. Press v to select dc voltage sourcing. Press 5 on the keypad and eto begin sourcing 5.0000 V dc.
7. Now press M to go to the split-screen, simultaneous MEASURE/SOURCE mode. The calibrator is simultaneously sourcing dc volts and measuring dc volts. You can see the measurement readings in the top window, and the active source value in the bottom window as shown in Figure 4.
10
Calibrator Getting Started Exercise
V
V
Hz
7
8
4
5
1
2
0
V
m
A
R
T
D
30V
MAX
m
R
T
CAT
SO
U
RC
E
M
E
A
30V
30V
MAX
MAX
TC
R
TD
C
L
E
A
R
9
(
Z
E
O
)
R
6
3
E
T
E
N
.
A D
S
R
V
300V
T
C
MAX
Figure 3. Jumper Connections for Demonstration
ot03f.eps
gj4s.eps
Figure 4. Measure/Source Example
11
MasterCAL
Users Manual

Operating Features

Input and Output Jacks

Figure 5 shows the calibrator input and output jacks. Table 2 explains their use.
Table 2. Input/Output Jacks and Connectors
No. Name Description
1 Battery Eliminator jack Jack for the Model BE9005 Battery Eliminator. Use the battery eliminator for bench-top
applications where ac line power is available. This input does not charge the battery.
2 w SERIAL PORT Connects the calibrator to an RS-232 serial port on a personal computer. 3 Pressure module
connector
4 TC input/output Jack for measuring or simulating thermocouples. This jack accepts a miniature
5, 6 wMEAS V jacks Input jacks for measuring voltage, frequency, or three- or four-wire RTDs (Resistance
7, 8 wSOURCE mA,
MEAS mA RTD jacks
9,10 wSOURCE V RTD
jacks
Connects the calibrator to a pressure module.
polarized thermocouple plug with flat, in-line blades spaced 7.9 mm (0.312 in) center to center.
Temperature Detectors). Jacks for sourcing or measuring current, measuring resistance and RTDs, and supplying loop power.
Output jacks for sourcing voltage, resistance, frequency, and for simulating RTDs.
12
Calibrator Operating Features
BETA
MasterCAL
S
E
M
A
m
A
S
E
E
C
R
S
U
O
V
V
Hz
7
8
5
2
0
m
Am
RTD
C
A
E
M
E
A
3
0
M
A
X
9
6
3
.
A
T
S
V
4
1
V
RTD
S
O
U
R
C
3
0
V
M
A
X
3
0
V
M
A
X
T
TC
RTD
L
R
E
C
A
(
Z
E
O
)
R
E
N
T
E
R
V
3
0
0
V
T
C
M
A
X
990
1
2
3
P
U
4
10
9
7
8
5
6
ot05f.eps
Figure 5. Input/Output Jacks and Connectors
13
MasterCAL
Users Manual

Keys

Figure 6 shows the calibrator keys and Table 3 explains their functions. The softkeys are the four unmarked blue keys just below the display. Softkey functions are defined by the labels that appear above the softkey during operation. Softkey labels and other display text are shown in this manual in bold type, for example,
Choices.
BETA MasterCAL 990
21
3
4
16
MEAS
15
14
13
SOURCE
V
V
Hz
789
456
123
0
mA mA
V
RTD
SOURCE
30V
MAX
30V
MAX
SETUPmA
TC
RTD
CLEAR
(ZERO)
ENTER
.
V
RTD
CAT
MEAS
300V 30V MAX
TC
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ot06f.eps
Figure 6. Keys
14
Calibrator Operating Features
Table 3. Key Functions
No. Name Description
1 M key Cycles the calibrator through MEASURE, SOURCE, and MEASURE/SOURCE modes. 2 m key Selects mA (current) measure or source function. For loop power on/off, go to the Setup
mode.
3 s key Enters and exits Setup mode to modify operating parameters.
4 Softkeys Perform the function defined by the label above each key on the display. 5 C key Turns the backlight on and off. 6 p key Selects the pressure measurement or sourcing function. 7 t key Selects TC (thermocouple) or RTD (resistance temperature detector) measurement or
sourcing functions.
8 r key Toggles between HART communication mode and analog operation. In calculator mode, this
key provides the square root function.
9 c key Clears a partial data entry, or zeros the output when in the SOURCE mode. When using a
pressure module, zeros the pressure module reading.
15
MasterCAL
Users Manual
Table 3. Key Functions (cont)
No. Name Description
10 u, d , L, and R
keys
11 ekey Terminates a numeric entry when setting a source value, or confirms your choice in a
12 qkey Toggles between resistance and continuity functions in MEASURE mode, or selects
13 Numeric keypad Used whenever a numeric entry is required.
14 hkey Toggles between ac voltage and frequency functions in MEASURE mode, or selects
15 vkey Selects the dc voltage function in MEASURE mode, or selects dc voltage in SOURCE
16 okey Turns the power on and off.
Adjust the display contrast.
Make choices from lists on the display.
Increase or decrease the source level when using the step feature.
In calculator mode, provide arithmetic functions (+ - ÷ ×).
list. In calculator mode, provides the equals arithmetic operator (=).
the resistance function in SOURCE mode.
frequency output in SOURCE mode.
mode.
16
Calibrator Operating Features

Display

Figure 7 shows the features of a typical display. The display shown is MEASURE mode. Near the top of the display is “Source Off.” This is the area of the display that shows what is happening in the other mode (SOURCE or MEASURE). The other parts of the display are as follows:
Status Bar: shows the time and date (if set in
Setup mode), and shows the status of Loop Power, Battery Save, and Backlight Timeout; all of which are set in Setup mode. The low battery and backlight on symbols also appear here.
Mode Indicator: Shows whether the calibrator is
in MEASURE or SOURCE mode. In split screen MEASURE/SOURCE mode, there is a Mode Indicator for each window.
Measured Value: Shows the measured value in
your choice of engineering units or percent of scale.
Range Status: Shows whether Auto Range is on,
and what range is currently being used.
Custom Units Indicator: Shows that the
displayed units are custom. The original engineering units of the measure or source function are not displayed.
Secondary Value: Shows the measure or source
value in original engineering units whenever scaling or custom units are active.
17
MasterCAL
Users Manual
Loop Power Annunciator
Time and Date Display
Status Bar
Mode Indicator
Measured Value
Softkey Labels
Figure 7. Elements of a Typical Display
Battery Gauge
Source Status
Undamped (Unsettled) Indicator
Custom Units Indicator
Secondary Value
ot07c.eps
18
Calibrator Setting Up the Calibrator

Setting Up the Calibrator

Using the Strap and Bail

After you unpack the calibrator, attach its carrying strap as shown in Figure 8. You can adjust the strap as necessary to hang the calibrator on any sturdy
Figure 8. Using the Bail and Installing the Strap
support. Figure 8 also shows you how to open the bail to stand the calibrator at a comfortable viewing angle for benchtop use.
gj8f.eps
19
MasterCAL
Users Manual

Charging the Battery

wBefore you use the calibrator for the first time, charge its battery pack in the external battery charger. The Model BC7217 charger charges both the NiMH and Ni-Cd battery packs.
Figure 9 shows how to remove the battery. Remove the battery door and tap the calibrator with your hand to get the battery out. Place the battery in the charger and connect the charger to line power. The charger automatically senses line voltage and adjusts itself accordingly.
A discharged battery is fully charged in 2 hours or less in fast-charge mode (steady indicator light on
the charger). Full charge is maintained after that time in trickle-charge mode (blinking indicator light on the charger). Switching between charging modes is automatic. You can leave the battery pack on trickle charge indefinitely without damage.
Note
When you remove a charged battery from the charger, wait for the blinking indicator to go off before you insert a discharged battery. It takes about 2 seconds for the battery charger to reset.
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