Thank you from all of us at Sensata Technologies for purchasing this ACLD-40 controller. The
ACLD-40 (also know as the ACLD) is a product under the Magnum-Dimensions brand from Sensata
Technologies. We understand that you have many purchasing options in the marketplace, and we
are pleased that you have decided on this product. This ACLD was proudly assembled and tested
in the United States at our facility in Everett, Washington.
At Sensata, we are committed to providing you with quality products and services, and hope that
your experience with us is pleasant and professional.
Disclaimer of Liability
The use of this manual and the conditions or methods of installation, operation, use and maintenance
of the ACLD controller is beyond the control of Sensata Technologies. Therefore, this company does
not assume responsibility and expressly disclaims liability for loss, damage, or expense whether
direct, indirect, consequential or incidental that may arise out of or be any way connected with
such installation, operation, use, or maintenance.
Due to continuous improvements and product updates, the images shown in this manual may not
exactly match the unit purchased.
Restrictions on Use
The ACLD may only be used in life support devices and systems with the express written approval
of Sensata Technologies. Failure of this load diversion controller can reasonably be expected to
cause failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that
device or system. If the ACLD fails, it is reasonable to assume the health of the user or other
persons may be endangered.
Description – ACLD-40 Owner’s Manual
Part Number and Revision – 64-0062 Rev A
Date Published – February 2015
This manual is printed without color for cost savings. However, this entire manual is available
for download—with many of the fi gures available in color—under the Document Library tab at
www.Magnum-Dimensions.com.
Contact Information
For Magnum-Dimensions Products:
Sensata Technologies
2211 West Casino Rd.
Everett, WA 98204
Phone: 425-353-8833
Fax: 425-353-8390
Web:
www.Magnum-Dimensions.com
Record the ACLD’s serial number in case you need to provide this information in the future.
THIS MANUAL CONTAINS IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ACLD-40 CONTROLLER THAT SHALL
BE FOLLOWED DURING THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF THIS PRODUCT. Before using
the ACLD, read all instructions and cautionary markings. Also, be sure to follow the instructions
provided for each component of the system. Do not perform any installation or service described
in this owner’s manual unless properly trained and capable. Incorrect installation or service may
result in the risk of electric shock, fire, or other safety hazard.
Safety Symbols
The following safety symbols have been placed throughout this manual to indicate dangerous and
important safety instructions.
WARNING: This symbol indicates that failure to take a specifi ed action could result in
physical harm to the user.
CAUTION: This symbol indicates that failure to take a specifi ed action could result in
damage to the equipment.
Info: This symbol indicates information that emphasizes or supplements important
points of the main text.
Safety Precautions
• All electrical work must be performed in accordance with local and national electrical codes.
• This product is designed for indoor/compartment installation. It must not be exposed to rain,
snow, moisture, or liquids of any type.
• Use insulated tools to reduce the chance of electrical shock or accidental short circuits.
• There are no user-serviceable parts contained in this product.
• This unit is provided with integral protection against overloads.
• Use Class 1 wiring methods for field wiring connections to terminals of a Class 2 circuit.
• Listed or labeled equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with any instructions
included in the listing or labeling.
• Always verify proper wiring prior to turning on the ACLD.
• Use only copper wires with a minimum temperature rating of 75°C (167°F).
• AC wiring must be no less than #10 AWG (5.3 mm
• Torque all AC wiring connections to the required values.
• The ACLD must be properly mounted, see Section 2.3 “Mounting the ACLD” in this manual.
• Protection for the AC output wiring against overcurrent is not included in the ACLD and must
be provided as part of the system installation. Refer to Section 2.8 “Wiring the ACLD” for more
information.
• The AC output neutral conductor is not connected (bonded) to the ACLD chassis. Both the input
and output conductors are isolated from the ACLD chassis. System grounding, if required, is
the responsibility of the system installer and must comply with local and national electrical
codes and standards.
2
) gauge copper wire.
Page ii
Safety Information
CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ IMPORTANTES
CONSERVER CES INSTRUCTIONS
CE MANUEL CONTIENT DES INSTRUCTIONS IMPORTANTES POUR LE CONTRÔLEUR ACLD-40 AU
COURS DE L’INSTALLATION ET FONCTIONNEMENT DU PRODUCT. Before utilisant le ACLD, lire
toutes les instructions et mises en garde. Aussi, assurez-vous de suivre les instructions fournies
pour chaque composant du système. Ne pas effectuer toute installation ou service décrit dans le
manuel du propriétaire, à moins bien formé et capable. Mauvaise installation ou entretien peuvent
entraîner des risques de choc électrique, d’incendie ou autre danger pour la sécurité.
Symboles de sécurité
Les symboles de sécurité suivants ont été placéstout au long de ce manuel pour indiquer des
conditions dangereuses et les consignes de sécurité importantes.
AVERTISSEMENT: Ce symbole indique que le défaut de prendre une action spécifi ée
pourraitcauser des dommages physiques à l’utilisateur.
ATTENTION: Ce symbole indique que le défaut de prendre une action spécifi ée peut
entraîner des dommages à l’équipement.
Info: Ce symbole indique une information qui met l’accent ou des suppléments points
importants du texte principal.
Consignes de sécurité
• Tous les travaux électriques doivent être effectués en conformité avec les codes locaux et
nationaux électriques.
• Ce produit est conçu pour l’installation / du compartiment intérieur. Il ne doit pas être exposé
à la pluie, la neige, l’humidité ou des liquides de tout type.
• Utiliser des outils isolés pour réduire le risque de choc électrique ou courts-circuits accidentels.
• Il n’y a pas réparable par l’utilisateur contenues dans ce produit.
• Cet appareil est fourni avec une protection intégrale contre les surcharges.
• Utiliser des méthodes de câblage Classe 1 pour les connexions de câblage sur le terrain aux
bornes d’un circuit de Classe 2.
• Coté ou étiquetés équipement doit être installé et utilisé conformément aux instructions
fi gurant dans la liste ou l’étiquetage.
• Toujours vérifi er le câblage avant de mettre sur le ACLD.
• Utilisez des fi ls de cuivre seulement avec une cote de température minimale de 75°C (167°F).
• AC câblage ne doit pas être inférieure à #10 AWG (5.3 mm
• Serrer toutes les connexions de câblage ca aux valeurs requises.
• Le ACLD doit être correctement monté, voir la Section 2.3 “Montage du ACLD” dans ce manuel.
• Protection pour le câblage de sortie AC contre les surintensités n’est pas inclus dans le ACLD
et doivent être fournis dans le cadre de l’installation du système. Reportez-vous à la Section
2.8 “Câblage du ACLD “ pour plus d’informations .
• Le conducteur de sortie CA neutre n’est pas connecté (collé) sur le châssis ACLD. À la fois
l’entrée et la sortie des conducteurs sont isolés du châssis ACLD. Sol, si nécessaire, est
de la responsabilité de l’installateur du système et doit être conforme aux codes locaux et
nationaux et des normes électriques.
Congratulations on your purchase of the ACLD-40 (AC Load Diversion - 4.0kW) controller. The
ACLD-40 (also know as the ACLD) is designed to be used in an AC coupled system—networked
with a MS-PAE Series
power to a resistive load.
The ACLD-40 controller includes the following features:
• Automatic three-stage battery regulation (with adjustable voltage and charging parameters).
• Controls up to 4000 watts of excess power to prevent battery overcharge.
• Automatic battery temperature compensation—provides optimum charging even during
extreme temperature changes (when using the inverter’s Battery Temperature Sensor).
• A networked diversion device—using inverter and network ports.
• ON/OFF mounted switch with status/fault indicator LED; operation and power information
is provided when using the inverter’s remote.
• Designed to work with MS-PAE Series inverters to prevent battery overcharging.
• Diversion load is isolated from in-home AC loads and receives PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
voltage—prevents AC line disturbance by providing smooth transition when regulating.
• Allows the use of resistive AC household loads (i.e., water heater tanks) instead of expensive
and hard to fi nd DC loads to divert excess current.
• Does not require additional/external sensors to monitor battery inverter output current,
battery voltage, or battery type.
1.1 What is an AC Load Diversion Controller (ACLD)?
The basic operating concept of an AC or DC diversion controller is quite simple. Monitor the battery
bank, and if an energy source (e.g. solar panel, wind generator, etc.) should cause the battery
to rise to a predetermined voltage level, connect a diversion load of suffi cient size to prevent the
battery from being overcharged. By diverting the unused energy that your solar panel or wind
generator is producing, you can make use of it—such as heating a hot water or heating a room.
The ACLD-40 is an AC load diversion controller that maximizes the use of onsite-generated power
(i.e., renewable energy) by diverting any excess energy to resistive loads on the AC side. By
diverting the excess current on the AC side and not on the DC side (through the battery-based
inverter), there is less strain on the battery-based inverter. Also, since the wiring is on the AC
side, there is less voltage drop, less expensive system wires and diversion loads, and fewer issues
when trying to determine how to size the diversion loads/hardware.
1
inverter—to provide three-stage battery charging and to divert any excess
1.2 What is an AC Coupled system, and why do I need an ACLD?
Many homeowners utilize renewable energy (i.e., PV, wind, etc.) by installing a high effi ciency,
battery-less, grid-tie inverter (also known as an utility-interactive inverter) to offset their power
consumption from the utility grid. However, these homeowners soon learn that when a utility
power outage occurs, the grid-tie inverter is required to shut down. This can cause considerable
frustration as the homeowner realizes that the critical loads in the home (refrigerator, lights, water
pump, etc.) are no longer powered and all the energy produced by the renewable energy source
is being wasted while the utility power is out.
To overcome some of the disadvantages of a battery-less, grid-tie inverter; homeowners add a
battery-based inverter and batteries to power critical loads during a utility power outage. However,
the generated power from the renewable energy continues to be wasted until the utility power
returns.
1 This manual will specifi cally refer to the MS-PAE Series to work with the ACLD-40. How-
ever, the ACLD will work with any battery-based inverter that provides a MagNet communications
port and has an output of 230 or 240 VAC (50 or 60 Hz). This means the MS-PAE Series, MS-E
Series, or MS-PE Series inverters will work with the ACLD-40.
Traditionally, when a battery-based inverter is used, the renewable energy system is connected
or ‘coupled’ to the battery (or DC) side of the inverter. In a DC coupled system, the renewable
energy is wired at a lower voltage to better match the battery bank, and a DC controller is used to
manage the energy to prevent the battery from being overcharged. This type of system is usually
more costly and complex to install because of more components; and because the voltage is lower,
there are more effi ciency losses as a whole (when compared to a grid-tie inverter-only system).
However, using a concept known as AC Coupling, a four quadrant (bi-directional) battery-based
inverter (such as Sensata’s MS-PAE Series) can be installed that utilizes the renewable energy to
power the home’s critical loads during a power outage from the AC side. With the addition of a
battery bank, a critical-loads sub-panel, and a diversion controller with load, coupling a MS-PAE
Series inverter on the AC side can be very advantageous. The existing renewable energy system
does not need to be rewired to the DC side, and the high conversion effi ciency of the grid-tie
inverter is maintained while the utility power is available.
1.3 How an AC Coupled System Works
Described below is how an AC-Coupled system works when utility power is available, and when
there is an utility power outage.
When utility power is available (see Figure 1-1): Normally, when utility power is available and a
MS-PAE Series inverter is installed, the grid-tie inverter converts the renewable energy to work in
parallel with the utility to power the loads in the home (main-panel and critical loads sub-panel),
charge the battery system, and feed any surplus renewable energy back into the utility grid.
Utility
Grid
Crit ic al
Loa ds
Renewable
Energy
Main
Panel
Sub-
Panel
Grid-Tie
Inverter
Inverter
ACLD-40
Controller
AC Load
(Primary)
Battery
Bank
Battery Back-up Section
AC Load
(Secondary)
ACLD Section
Power Flow
Utility Grid
Renewable
Energy
Figure 1-1, ACLD Inactive (Utility Power Available)
During a utility power outage (see Figure 1-2): When the utility power fails, the grid-tie inverter
disconnects (preventing the use of the renewable energy) and the MS-PAE Series inverter
automatically starts powering the critical loads. However, because the output of the MS-PAE
Series inverter is connected to the same AC bus as the grid-tie inverter and its output waveform
is compatible to the utility’s waveform, the grid-tie inverter re-synchronizes to the AC output
waveform of the MS-PAE Series inverter. After a minimum 5-minute disconnect period, the gridtie inverter reconnects and starts inverting all the energy from the renewable energy source just
like it did when it was connected to utility power.
The grid-tie inverter—now reconnected using the AC output waveform of the MS-PAE Series
inverter—converts as much of the available renewable energy as possible. However, during a
utility power interruption, the main panel loads are no longer connected and the utility grid is not
available to export any excess power that is generated. This means there may be more power on
the AC bus than the critical loads can consume, causing current to be pushed back thru the AC
output of the MS-PAE Series inverter into the battery bank. Since this is not the normal path for
the MS-PAE Series inverter to sense incoming current, it is not able to control the battery voltage
(or regulate the current, which requires the inverter to be rated to handle the full power output
of the renewable energy source). If the renewable energy provides more current that the critical
loads can use, there is the possibility that the battery voltage will rise and cause damage to the
battery. If the battery voltage is allowed to rise high enough, a High Battery Voltage fault on
the MS-PAE Series inverter will occur, causing it to turn off; which in turn shuts down the entire
system (i.e., critical loads and grid-tie inverter turn off). To prevent this from happening, there
must be a method of regulating the battery bank and ensuring it is properly charged; this is why
the ACLD-40 is needed.
Utility
Grid
Crit ic al
Loa ds
Renewable
Energy
Main
Panel
Sub-
Panel
Grid-Tie
Inverter
Inverter
ACLD-40
Controller
AC Load
(Primary)
Battery
Bank
Battery Back-up Section
AC Load
(Secondary)
ACLD Section
Power Flow
Renewable
Energy (RE)
Inverter power
(when RE no t
available)
Figure 1-2, ACLD Active (Utility Power NOT Available)
In an AC-coupled system, there are several methods that are used to regulate the battery voltage,
as described below:
1. AC disconnect driven by DC controlled relays: When the battery voltage rises above a
maximum setpoint, a battery voltage controlled relay is activated to open the AC connection to
the grid-tie inverter. This causes the critical load sub-panel to now be powered from the batteries
through the battery-based inverter. When the battery voltage falls to the low setpoint, the relay
closes and allows the grid-tie inverter to reconnect and begin generating power from the renewable
energy. If the battery voltage rises again, this cycle repeats.
Disadvantages:
• Batteries are cycled, not regulated—does not allow the batteries to be properly charged.
• Generated power from the renewable energy is wasted while the relay is opened.
• The DC relay setpoints must be set much higher than required to ensure the DC relay
doesn’t connect or interfere with normal charging (from the battery-based inverter) and
any sell back voltage settings once the utility power returns.
• No temperature-compensated regulation while charging.
2. DC diversion driven by DC controlled relays: When the battery voltage rises above a
maximum setpoint, a battery voltage controlled relay is used to switch on a dedicated DC diversion
load to consume any excess power. When the battery voltage falls to the low setpoint, the dedicated
diversion load turns off. If the battery voltage rises again, this cycle repeats.
Disadvantages:
• Batteries are cycled, not regulated—does not allow the batteries to be properly charged.
• Diffi cult to source and size DC diversion loads to absorb the full output of the renewable
energy source.
• The regulation setpoint must be set much higher than required to ensure the diversion load
is not always in “regulation”, and that it doesn’t interfere with normal charging (from the
battery-based inverter) or any sell back voltage settings once the utility power returns.
• Since excess power is regulated on the DC side, the battery-based inverter is required to be
always on, re-converting the renewable energy from AC back to DC where it is diverted—an
extra conversion step creates energy loss and there is an unnecessary use of the inverter.
• No temperature-compensated regulation while charging.
3. DC Diversion Controller off the battery: When the battery voltage rises above a voltage
regulation setpoint, the DC Diversion Controller sends excess current to a dedicated DC diversion
load to maintain the battery voltage. When the battery voltage falls below the regulation setpoint,
current is no longer sent to the dedicated diversion load.
Disadvantages:
• Diffi cult to source and size DC diversion loads correctly. If the load is too small, it cannot divert
enough power from the source (wind, hydro, etc.), and the battery could be overcharged. If
the diversion load is too large, it will draw more current than the rating of the controller—
causing damage or causing the controller’s protection circuits to open the load.
• Multiple controllers are usually needed even for medium sized renewable energy systems
(i.e., a 4kW/48VDC system requires at least a 70-amp controller).
• The regulation setpoint must be set much higher than required to ensure the diversion load
is not always in “regulation”, and that it doesn’t interfere with normal charging (from the
battery-based inverter) or any sell back voltage settings once the utility power returns.
• Since excess power is regulated on the DC side, the battery-based inverter is required to be
always on, re-converting the renewable energy from AC back to DC where it is diverted—this
extra conversion step creates energy loss and there is an unnecessary use of the inverter.
4. Frequency disturbance/shift from the battery-based inverter: When the battery voltage
rises above a maximum setpoint, a battery-based inverter changes its output frequency to cause
the grid-tie inverter to limit the energy from the renewable energy source to the battery.
Disadvantages:
• Generated power from the renewable energy is limited/wasted during the frequency shift.
• Batteries are cycled, not regulated—does not allow the batteries to get properly charged
• The frequency-shift setpoint must be set higher than required to ensure it doesn’t interfere
with normal charging (from the battery-based inverter) or any sell back voltage settings
once the utility power returns
• No temperature compensated regulation while charging
1
.
1
.
Note1 – May not occur if networked to the grid-tie inverter
5. AC diversion driven by DC controlled relays: A battery voltage controlled relay is used
to switch on a dedicated AC diversion load (i.e., space heater, air conditioner, etc.) to consume
any excess power when the battery voltage rises above a maximum setpoint. When the battery
voltage falls to the low setpoint, the dedicated diversion load turns off. If the battery voltage rises
again, this cycle repeats.
Disadvantages:
• Batteries are cycled, not regulated—does not allow the batteries to be properly charged.
• AC diversion loads must be sized to absorb the full output of the renewable energy source
and confi gured to always be on (no temperature or thermostat turn-off control).
• AC diversion loads, when activated, can cause enough AC line drop/disturbance to disconnect
the grid-tie inverter—wasting generated energy.
• No temperature compensated regulation while charging.
6. AC Load Diversion Controller (ACLD-40): When the battery voltage rises above a voltage
regulation setpoint, the ACLD-40 begins to send excess current to a dedicated AC diversion load
to maintain the battery voltage. When the battery voltage falls below the regulation setpoint,
current is no longer sent to the dedicated diversion load.
Advantages:
• Batteries are properly charged/regulated - true three-stage charging to batteries during
power outage.
• Easier to source and size AC diversion loads to absorb the full output of the renewable
energy source.
• Primary AC diversion loads can be confi gured for temperature/thermostat turn-off—primary
loads are not required to always be on.
• AC diversion loads are isolated from the grid-tie inverter’s output to provide a smooth turnon transition—prevents the inverter from disconnecting due to AC line drop/disturbance.
• ACLD-40 communicates with the MS-PAE Series inverter, this provides:
o No confusion or interference trying to coordinate the inverter’s and controller’s setpoints
once the utility power returns—controller uses same charge setpoints as the MS-PAE
Series inverter for regulation.
o Temperature compensated regulation while charging—uses temperature sensor readings
from the MS-PAE Series inverter.
o Information on diverted power and the controller’s status can be displayed using a
remote control.
o Knows when grid power returns—ensures the renewable energy is not being diverted
and is available to be fed back to the utility grid.
• Does not require multiple current sensors and devices—all current fl ow is monitored at the
controller to determine when to divert excess current.
• No AC to DC energy conversion loss when trying to regulate battery voltage—excess power
is regulated on the AC side.