Made BIKCWN001BLA-UK, BIKCWN003BLA-UK, BIKCWN004BLA-UK, BIKCWN002BLA-UK, BIKMLW001COP-UK User Manual

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Colwyn Single Speed City Bike

BIKCWN001BLA-UK BIKCWN003BLA-UK BIKCWN004BLA-UK BIKCWN002BLA-UK

Mallow Single Speed City Bike

BIKMLW001COP-UK BIKMLW002COP-UK BIKMLW003COP-UK BIKMLW004COP-UK

Made in China

Recommendations for the continual safe use of this product are stated throughout this manual. Please retain for future reference.

Model number Product description, color, size

BIKCWN001BLA-UK Colwyn Single Speed City Bike, Matt Black and Copper, S/M

BIKCWN003BLA-UK Colwyn Single Speed City Bike, Matt Black and Copper, M/L

BIKCWN002BLA-UK Colwyn Single Speed City Bike, Matt Black and Gold, S/M

BIKMLW001COP-UK Mallow Single Speed City Bike, Copper and White, S/M

BIKMLW002COP-UK Mallow Single Speed City Bike, Copper and White, M/L

BIKMLW003COP-UK Mallow Single Speed City Bike, Copper and Black, S/M

BIKMLW004COP-UK Mallow Single Speed City Bike, Copper and Black, M/L

Congratulations on the purchase of your new bicycle!

With proper assembly and maintenance, this bicycle will offer you years of enjoyable riding.

IMPORTANT:

Carefully read this manual and follow all instructions. Your bicycle may come with additional instruction sheets. Please ensure that you read and become familiar with their contents. Keep this manual for future use. If this bicycle was purchased for a child, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to verify the bicycle has been properly assembled, and that the user has been properly trained and instructed on the use of this bicycle.

This manual is provided to assist you and is not intended to be a comprehensive manual covering all aspects of maintaining and repairing a bicycle. The bicycle purchased is a complex piece of equipment that must be properly assembled and maintained in order to be ridden safely. If there are any doubts about the proper assembly and maintenance of the bicycle, have it assembled and maintained by a professional bicycle mechanic.

RECORD YOUR SERIAL NUMBER

Your bicycle has a unique serial number stamped into the bottom of the frame shown in the ﬁgure. Record this number HERE for future reference. This number is helpful in reclaiming your bicycle if ever lost or stolen.

THIS INFORMATION IS ONLY AVAILABLE ON THE BICYCLE ITSELF.

There is no record of your serial number where purchased or with our company. It is your responsibility as owner to record this information.

Serial number: _______________________________________

Safety warnings

In the interest of safe cycling, make sure you read and understand this bicycle owner’s manual.

The above safety alert symbol is important, along with words such as DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, IMPORTANT, and NOTE or NOTICE. Pay close attention to the information following these words and/or symbol because it involves rider safety.

• DANGER and WARNING: Pay special attention to

these. Failure to do so could result in serious injury or death to the rider or others.

• CAUTION: If not followed these instructions could

result in injury or mechanical failure or damage to the bicycle.

• NOTE or IMPORTANT: These specify something that

is of special interest.

Owner’s responsibility

IMPORTANT: Reading and following the information and instructions in this manual are essential to the rider’s ability to ride safely.

1. It is the responsibility of the owner—or in the case of a younger rider—the parents or guardian of the rider to ensure all assembly instructions have been followed. Even if the bicycle has been assembled by the seller or a professional assembly company.

2. Brakes are essential to safety. Check and make sure that the brakes are working properly before riding the bicycle. Remember any mechanical system changes condition during use and must be maintained and checked before every use.

3. Bicycle laws may vary depending on location. Know and understand the rules and laws that apply in the riding area.

4. Know how to operate the bicycle and all related equipment before the ﬁrst ride. Ensure that other individuals allowed to use the bicycle know how to properly and safely use the bicycle.

5. There are many different types of bicycles and often these types are designed for different uses. Know the type of bicycle, including proper bicycle sizing for the rider, which ensures good control during use.

6. Any major service or adjustments on the bicycle should be carried out by a competent adult or a professional bicycle mechanic. If you wish to make adjustments yourself, this manual contains important tips on how.

CAUTION: Any adjustments made are entirely at the owner’s risk. If in doubt, have adjustments and/or repairs done by a qualiﬁed bicycle mechanic.

7. Check the bicycle regularly and do any required maintenance.

WARNING:

• As with all mechanical components, the bicycle is

subject to wear and high stresses. Different materials and components might react to wear or stress fatigue in different ways. If the design life of a component has been exceeded, it may suddenly fail, possibly causing injuries to the rider. Any form of crack, scratches, or change of colouring in highly stressed areas indicate that the life of the component has been reached and it should be replaced.

NOTE: Only use original parts for replacement. Original replacement parts can be obtained from authorised retailers. Only authorised retailers will be able to supply you with a tested part appropriate for your bicycle’s purpose.

Intended use

• This bicycle is classiﬁed under Condition 1 of the industry use conditions. Condition 1 bicycles are for riding on a paved surface where the tires do not lose ground contact. These bicycles are intended for use only on public roads, paths, and tracks that are in good condition. These bicycles are NOT intended for off road use.

• This bicycle is not compatible with luggage holders or child seats.

• The maximum weight limit of this bicycle is 125 kg (max weight of rider + bicycle). DO NOT OVERLOAD.

WARNING: Do NOT use your bicycle for freestyle and stunt riding, jumping or competitive events. Even if you are riding a mountain bicycle, you should know that off-road use or any similar activities can be dangerous, and you are warned that you assume the risk for personal injury, damages or losses incurred from such use. Do not ride your bicycle when any part is damaged or not working properly. If you are unsure how to carry out repairs or maintenance on your bicycle, consult a local bicycle mechanic for professional assistance and support.

ALWAYS WEAR A HELMET — IT COULD SAVE YOUR LIFE!

A properly ﬁtting bicycle helmet fully compliant with EN 1078 should be worn at all times when riding your bicycle.

The correct helmet should:

• be comfortable

• be lightweight

• have good ventilation

• ﬁt correctly

• cover the forehead

• be securely fastened on the rider.

Rules of the road

CAUTION: Before riding your bicycle, check the brakes and other parts of the bicycle. Make sure all parts are tightened, assembled correctly, and working properly. The ﬁrst ride should be taken in a large, open, level area. If you have a problem, check the assembly instructions and follow the maintenance procedures in this book.

1. CAUTION: WET AND ICY WEATHER WARNING:

Check your brakes frequently. The ability to stop is critical. Roads are slippery in wet weather so avoid sharp turns and allow more distance for stopping. Brakes may become less efﬁcient when wet. Leaves, loose gravel, and other debris on the road can also affect stopping distance. If at all possible, do not ride in wet weather—vision and control may be impaired, creating a greater risk of accidents and injury.

2. WARNING: NIGHT TIME OPERATION: It is NOT

recommended to ride your bicycle at night. If you have an emergency that requires you to ride at night you must have proper lights and reﬂectors. NEVER ride at night without a helmet, taillight, white front reﬂector, red rear reﬂector, pedal reﬂectors, and white wheel reﬂectors. You must be able to clearly see the surface where you are riding and be seen by others.

3. Always wear shoes when riding a bicycle. Avoid

loose ﬁtting clothes. Wear a cuff band or a trouser clip to keep trousers from getting caught in the chain wheel. Long sleeves, long trousers, gloves, eye protection, a good helmet, elbow and knee pads are recommended. Wearing a helmet is required by law in many countries and is always a good idea.

4. Obey all trafﬁc regulations. Most trafﬁc regulations

apply to bicycle riders as well as automobile operators. Observe all county and local trafﬁc regulations, signs, and signals. Check with your local police station on bicycle licensing and inspection, and where it is legal to ride your bicycle.

5. NOTE: Some countries and local laws may require

that your bicycle be equipped with a warning device such as a horn or a bell.

6. Cover the bicycle’s stem, handlebar, and top tube

with safety pads for additional protection.

7. Do not ride your bicycle if the chain cover is not

attached, or if any of the bicycle’s mechanical systems are not functioning properly. Doing so could result in personal injury or damage to the bicycle.

8. If any components becomes loose while riding,

STOP immediately and re-tighten or contact a mechanic for repair.

Before riding

A minute spent checking your bicycle before each ride signiﬁcantly improves your safety and the enjoyment of your ride. Each time before you ride make a habit of performing the following safety checks:

1. Stand in front of the bicycle facing rearward and hold the front wheel securely between your legs. Try to twist the handlebar and verify that they do not move. Then pull the handlebars up, trying to lift the bicycle. There should be no movement.

2. Try and push the front wheel from side to side and conﬁrm that it feels tight and will not wobble. Lift the front wheel up by the handlebars and strike the wheel downwards with the heel of your hand. Conﬁrm that it is securely attached to the fork. Spin the front wheel and conﬁrm that it does not wobble or contact the fork or brake pads.

3. Try to lift, push down, and twist the seat to conﬁrm that it’s tight.

4. Check the connection of the pedals to the crank arms. You should see no pedal screw threads and the pedal should feel ﬁrm and positioned parallel to the ground.

6. Check and make sure that the fenders and accessories are ﬁrmly attached and will not contact any moving parts. Make sure all reﬂectors are in position and not broken.

7. Lastly, put on your bicycle safety helmet and mount your bicycle. Your safety is well worth just a minute. Be sure to read and follow the warnings and instructions in the Assembly, Maintenance and other sections of this manual.

WARNING: This bicycle must be properly assembled before use. It is strongly recommended that you review the complete Assembly guide and perform checks speciﬁed in this manual before riding. Failure to properly assemble and maintain your bicycle could result in serious injury or death.

5. Apply your brake(s) and make sure they feel ﬁrm to the touch. Spin the wheel(s) and apply the brakes. The brakes should effectively stop the wheel(s).

Conﬁguration of a bicycle

NOTE: This is a typical bicycle. Your bicycle may have other or different parts, and in some cases, may not have all parts shown here.

8 9

1. Top tube

2. Down tube

3. Stem

4. Handlebar

5. Grips

6. Brake lever

7. Front reﬂector

8. Headset

1819

9. Headtube

10. Front brake

11. Front hub

12. Spokes

13. Pedal

14. Crank arm

15. Chain wheel

16. Chain

17. Chain stay

18. Tyre

19. Rim

20. Rear hub

21. Seat stay

121314151617

22. Rear brake

23. Rear reﬂector

24. Seat

25. Seat post

26. Seat post clamp

Bicycle size and ﬁt

Correct frame size

When selecting a new bicycle, the correct choice of frame size is a very important safety consideration. The ideal clearance will vary between types of bicycles and rider preference. Correct frame size makes straddling the frame, when off the seat, easier and safer in situations such as sudden trafﬁc stops.

3–5 cm

WARNING: There should be a clearance of no less than 3–5 cm between the groin area of the rider and the top tube of the bicycle while the rider straddles the bicycle with both feet ﬂat on the ground.

Seat height

In order to obtain the most comfortable riding position and offer the best possible pedalling efﬁciency, the seat height should be set correctly in relation to the rider’s leg length. The correct seat height should not allow leg strain from over-extension, and the hips should not rock from side to side when pedalling.

While sitting on the bicycle with one pedal at its lowest point, place the ball of your foot on the pedal. The correct seat height will allow the knee to be slightly bent in this position.

Arm reach

To obtain maximum comfort, the rider should not over extend his or her reach when riding. There should be a slight bend in the rider’s elbows. Refer to the Assembly section to learn how to adjust the seat height and arm reach.

WARNING: The seat’s “minimum insertion” mark should not be visible when the seat is inserted into the seat mast of the bicycle. Do not raise the seat beyond this mark. The seat post or frame may break causing you to lose control and fall. Always check and make sure that the seat post clamp is tightened securely before riding.

1. Arms not over-extended

2. Handlebar and stem about the same height as the seat

3. Pedal in bottom position

Assembly

Your new bicycle was assembled and tuned in at the factory and then partially disassembled for shipping. The following assembly instructions will enable you to prepare your bicycle for your ﬁrst ride. For more details on inspection, lubrication, maintenance, and adjustment of any area please refer to the relevant sections in this manual. Consult a professional bicycle mechanic if you have ANY doubts or concerns about properly as-

sembling, repairing, or maintaining your bicycle.

Tools needed

The following tools are needed to assemble your purchased bicycle.

Cross screwdriver Spanner

DANGER! Failure to properly assemble and maintain your bicycle could result in serious injury or death.

Allen wrenches

#4, #5, #6

Scissors

Unpacking

Code Component Qty

A Pre-assembled bicycle 1

B Front wheel 1

C Left pedal 1

B C D E

1. Remove all bicycle components inside the box.

2. Check and make sure no parts are loose or damaged.

3. Carefully remove the front wheel which is attached to the side of the bicycle for shipping.

4. Carefully remove all other packaging material from the bicycle. This includes zip ties, axle caps, and materials protecting the frame.

D Right pedal 1

E Seat 1

CAUTION: The pre-assembled bicycle comes with the brakes already installed. Carefully position the handlebar and the brake cables to avoid damaging the cables during assembly. Do not disassemble the brakes or remove the brake cables.

I. Installing the front wheel

1. Loosen the front wheel head nut / axle nut (1).

2. Place the bicycle in a position where the front fork is facing upwards. Place the front wheel between the fork allowing both wheel axles (3) to rest on the fork.

3. Slide the L-shaped washer retainer (2) onto the wheel axle and into the hold on the fork as shown in the ﬁgure.

4. Centre the wheel (4) in the fork. Alternating between sides, securely tighten the head nut / axle nut with a spanner.

5. Spin the wheel (4) to check if the wheel is properly centred and does not wobble. If the wheel is not properly centred or if it wobbles, loosen the nuts and realign.

Torque for the head nut / axle nut: 24–28 Nm

1. Head nut / axle nut

2. Washer retainer

3. Wheel axle

1 2

4. Front wheel

II. Installing the pedals

1. Take the pedal (1) marked “R” and position its axle into the

right crank arm. NOTE: The mark is found on the front face of the axle.

2. Thread the pedal (1) onto the right crank arm (3) by turning the pedal clockwise.

3. Once the axle is threaded all the way in, use a spanner to securely tighten the nut (2) locking the pedal into place.

4. Take the pedal (4) marked “L” and position its axle into the left crank arm (5).

5. Thread the pedal (4) into the left crank arm (5) by turning the pedal counterclockwise.

6. Once the axle is threaded all the way in, use a spanner to securely tighten the nut (2) locking the pedal into place.

NOTE: Pedals cannot be assembled into the wrong crank. Ensure that each pedal goes into the correct crank by checking the letter markings thoroughly before assembling. DO NOT force a pedal into the wrong crank arm.

Torque for the pedal lock nut: 30 Nm

1. Right pedal

2. Nut

CAUTION: Make sure that you do not cross-thread the pedals. Cross-threading will damage the threads in the crank arm. If the pedal does not turn easily, do not force it. Back the spindle out and start over.

3. Right crank arm

4. Left pedal

5. Left crank arm

III. Installing the handlebar

1. Stand the bicycle upright with two wheels on the ground. The front forks should be facing forward.

2. Use an allen wrench to loosen the 4 bolts (1) from the handlebar clamp (2) on the stem (3).

3. Remove the bolts and washers (1) and the front half of the clamp (2). Set them aside for later use.

4. Place the handlebar (4) onto the holder (2).

5. Rotate the handlebar (4) up or down so that the brake levers are in line with your hand and arm for easy use. Arrange the brake cables (5) in a way as to not to interfere with the installation or steering of the bicycle.

6. Reinstall the front half of the handlebar clamp (2) and reinsert the bolts and washers (1).

7. Tighten the bolts (1) securely using an allen wrench.

Torque for the handlebar clamp bolts: 8 Nm

NOTE: Your bicycle comes with the front and rear brakes already pre-assembled. Be familiar with the use of hand brakes:

• Left lever for rear brake, right lever for front brake (UK)

• Right lever for rear brake, left lever for front brake (Europe)

A greater force is required to activate the rear brake due to longer cable length.

1. Bolt and washer

2. Handlebar clamp

3. Stem

4. Handlebar

5. Brake cable

IV. Installing the seat

1. Insert the seat post (1) into the bicycle tube past the

minimum insertion line (4) indicated on the seat post. Loosen the seat post clamp (2) using an allen wrench if necessary.

2. Tighten the seat post clamp (2) just enough to hold the seat and follow the instructions for adjusting the seat height. See “Bicycle size and ﬁt” section for recommendations.

Adjusting the seat height

1. Pull the seat up or push the seat down to adjust the seat height to your preference.

2. Using an allen wrench, tighten the seat post clamp securely after adjustments are made.

Adjusting the arm reach

1. Loosen the adjusting bolt (3) underneath the seat.

2. Tilt the seat upward or downward to adjust the angle of the seat to your preference. Push the seat forward or backward to adjust the distance of the seat from the handlebar. Refer to the calibrated line found on the seat’s bottom rails to ﬁne tune the angle and position of the seat.

3. After adjustments are made, tighten the adjusting bolt securely with an allen wrench.

WARNING: Ensure that the seat is inserted past the minimum insertion line indicated in the seat post. Failure to do so may cause the seat post or frame to break causing you to lose control and fall.

1. Seat post

2. Seat post clamp

3. Adjusting bolt

4. Minimum insertion line

Torque for the seat post clamp: 10 Nm

Torque for the saddle adjusting bolt: 17 Nm

(Optional) Flipping the rear wheel

This bicycle is equipped with a “ﬂip-ﬂop” or doublesided rear hub. A ﬂip ﬂop has sprockets or chain rings on either side of the hub: a ﬁxed gear on one side, and a single freewheel on the other side.

By default, your bicycle uses the freewheel instead of the ﬁxed gear in order to make it easier to climb hills and let you coast on descents. Should your needs require you to use the ﬁxed gear, perform the following procedures to ﬂip the wheel.

How to ﬂip the rear wheel:

See ﬁgure on next page.

1. Loosen and remove the axle nuts (7) on both sides of the rear hub (5).

2. Remove the rear wheel. Slide the wheel forward in order to dislodge its axles (8) from the frame dropouts (2).

3. Slip the chain (3) off the freewheel (4).

6. Reinstall the rear wheel by sliding its axles into the frame drop-outs (6). Ensure that the chain (2) is tight.

7. Reinstall the axle nuts (7) and tighten securely.

WARNING: Be sure to use the front and rear brakes of the bicycle when the freewheel is being used.

See the “Chain and chain wheel” section under “Maintenance” for information on proper adjustment of the chain after installment.

4. Flip the rear wheel 180° degrees relative to the rear hub so that the fixed gear ring (6) is now on the right (chain) side.

5. Slip the chain (3) on the fixed gear ring (6).

1. Seat stays

2. Drop-outs

3. Chain

4. Freewheel

5. Rear hub

6. Fixed gear ring

7. Axle nut

8. Axle

Reﬂectors

Your bicycle may be supplied with one front (white), one rear (red), two wheel (white) reﬂectors, and four pedal (orange) reﬂectors.

Reﬂectors are an important safety and legal requirement and should be securely attached and in good condition at all times. Periodically inspect all reﬂectors, brackets, and mounting hardware for signs of wear or damage. Immediately replace anything damaged.

Some bicycles will require you to install reﬂectors onto the bicycle. Refer to the following sections for instructions on installing bicycle reﬂectors.

WARNING: Reﬂectors are important safety devices which are designed as an integral part of your bicycle. Regulations require every bicycle to be equipped with front, rear, wheel, and pedal reﬂectors. These reﬂectors are designed to pick up and reﬂect street lights and car lights in a way that helps you to be seen and recognized as a moving bicyclist. Check reﬂectors and their mounting brackets regularly to make sure they are clean, straight, unbroken, and securely mounted. Have your dealer replace damaged reﬂectors and straighten or tighten any that are bent or loose.

Installing a front mount reﬂector on the handlebar

1. Loosen and remove the bracket screw (2) from the plastic bracket (4).

2. Install the plastic bracket loop (4) onto the handlebar tube.

3. Position the plastic bracket (4) on the handlebar (3) between the grip and the crossbar, about 12.7 cm from the end of the handlebar.

4. Tighten the bracket screw (2) securely. If the bracket is still loose, insert a shim inside to make it tight.

1. Reﬂector

2. Bracket screw

3. Handlebar

4. Plastic bracket

CAUTION: Ensure that the reﬂector is vertical to the ground and facing straight forward. If the reﬂector is aimed up or down, incoming headlights may not reﬂect properly on the reﬂector.

Installing a rear reﬂector on the seat post

1. Loosen and remove the bracket screw (1) from the plastic bracket (3).

2. Loop the plastic bracket (3) around the seat post (4).

3. Begin to tighten the bracket screw (1) just enough to hold the reﬂector (2) in place. Adjust the reﬂector so that it is in an upright position. Make sure the reﬂector is facing away from the bicycle.

4. Tighten the bracket screw (1) securely. If the bracket (3) is still loose, insert a shim inside to make it tight.

1. Bracket screw

2. Reﬂector

3. Plastic bracket

4. Seat post

CAUTION: Ensure that the reﬂector is vertical to the ground and facing straight forward. If the reﬂector is aimed up or down, incoming headlights may not reﬂect properly on the reﬂector.

Installing spoke mount wheel reﬂectors

1. Position the reﬂector (1) near the hub of the wheel and align both ends of the reﬂector to the spokes (4). Make sure that the spokes clip into the brackets (2) located on both ends of the reﬂector.

2. Gradually push the reﬂector (1) towards the rim (3) until the reﬂector is ﬁrmly held in place by the tension from the spokes (4) at either side of the reﬂector.

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 when installing a spoke mount wheel reﬂector on the other wheel.

1. Reﬂector

2. Brackets

3. Rim

4. Spokes

Maintenance

General care

• For painted frames, dust the surface and remove any loose dirt with a dry cloth. To clean, wipe the bicycle with a damp cloth soaked in water and mild detergent. Dry with a cloth and polish using car or furniture wax.

• Use an anti-rust ﬂuid to wipe chrome plated bicycles and/or parts.

• Use soap and water to clean plastic parts and rubber tyres.

• Wash your bicycle frequently and wipe or spray all unpainted parts with anti-rust ﬂuid. Make sure that the wheels dry completely so that braking performance is not affected.

• If exposed to rain, dry your bicycle completely and apply anti-rust treatment to prevent accelerated deterioration of the bearings.

• Use touch up paint or clear nail polish on scratched or chipped paint to prevent rust.

• Regularly clean and lubricate all moving parts, tighten components and make adjustments as required.

• To minimize rust, use BED, SATIN, or TITANIUM surface treatments.

• Components will wear out eventually and will need replacing. This is normal and is not covered by any guarantee or warranty.

substitute presents a great risk to your safety and can shorten the life of the bicycle.

Storage

• Keep your bicycle in a dry location away from inclement weather and direct sun exposure. Ultraviolet rays may cause the paint to fade, and rubber and plastic parts to crack.

• Before storing your bicycle for a long period of time, clean and lubricate all components and wax the frame. Deﬂate the tyres to half pressure and hang the bicycle off the ground.

• Do not store the bicycle near electric motors. Ozone emissions may affect the rubber and paint.

• Do not cover the bicycle with plastic and other material. Moisture can accumulate and cause rusting.

Security

• Keep a record of the bicycle’s serial number located on the frame underneath the bottom bracket. See the beginning of this manual for more information.

• Register the bicycle with the local police.

• Invest in a high quality bicycle lock that can resist hacksaws and bolt cutters. Always lock your bicycle to an immovable object when it is left unattended.

• When replacing components, use only original components for the bicycle. The use of any other

Component maintenance

Tools needed for maintenance:

1. Spanner or ring spanner set: 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm,

12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm

2. Pedal spanner 15 mm

3. Allen key wrenches: 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm

4. Adjustable spanner

5. Standard ﬂat head screwdriver

6. Standard Phillips head screwdriver

7. Standard slip joint pliers

8. Tyre pump

9. Tube repair kit

10. Tyre levers

Suggested travel tools

The following items should be useful when going on a long bicycle ride:

1. Spare tube

2. Patch kit

3. Pump

4. Tyre levers

5. Multi-tool

6. Cell phone or change for a pay phone

Hand brakes

Maintenance for brakes:

• Keep the wheel rims and the brake pads clean and free of wax, lubricant, and dirt at all times.

• Keep brakes properly adjusted and in good working condition at all times.

4. If one pad is closer to the rim than the other, loosen the lock nut (3) at the back of the brake. Squeeze the brake lever to hold it centred, and then re-tighten the lock nut (3).

Caliper brakes

You can do some minor brake adjustments using the cable adjusting barrel. To adjust the front and rear brake calipers, follow these steps:

1. Squeeze the brake pads (5) against the rim.

2. Loosen the lock nut (7) and then turn the cable adjusting barrel (1) shown in the ﬁgure.

3. Check the brake pad (5) clearance. It should be maximum of 2 mm from the rim.

4. Re-tighten the lock nut (7).

If it is not possible to set the brake pads close enough to the rim, you may have to adjust the cable length. Do the following procedure.

1. Screw the cable adjusting barrel 3/4 of the way in.

2. Squeeze the pads against the rim, open the quick release lever (6) and then pull the brake cable through using pliers.

WARNING: Ensure the brake ﬁxing nut is properly tightened. Failure to do this may cause the brake assembly to dislodge from the fork.

Most side-pull calipers also have a centring adjustment bolt (4) that enables you to properly centre the caliper over the rim. Make sure that there is an equal distance between the brake pad and the rim on both sides of the wheel. Also make sure that the brake pads themselves are properly adjusted. The pads should contact the rim so that it is centred from top to bottom on the rim surface. The distance between the top of the pad and the top of rim should be no less than 1 mm to ensure that the brake pad does not contact the tyre in any way.

3. Close the quick release lever (6) and the squeeze the corresponding brake lever on the handlebar to test. Fine tune using the cable adjusting barrel (1).

WARNING: Do not ride a bicycle that is not operating properly.

Wheels

Wheel inspection:

1. Cable adjusting barrel

2. Brake arm

The wheels of the bicycle should be kept in top condition. Properly maintaining your bicycle’s wheels ensures good braking performance and stability when riding. Be aware of the following potential issues:

2 3

• Dirty or greasy rims

CAUTION: Dirt and/or grease can render your brakes ineffective. Do not clean rims with oily or greasy materials. When cleaning, use a clean rag or wash with soapy water, and then rinse and air dry. Avoid riding when the rims are wet. When lubricating your bicycle, don’t get oil on the rim surfaces.

• Cracked or thinning rims

Traditional rim brake systems work by creating friction between the rim and the brake pad when the rider applies the brakes. This friction, plus the introduction of dirt, grease, sand and other contaminants between the rim and brake pad, will eventually cause the outer wall of the rim (braking surface) to wear thin.

3. Brake assembly lock nut

4. Centring adjustment bolt

5. Brake pad

6. Quick release lever

7. Lock nut

WARNING: In extreme conditions, the thin outer wall can crack and fail, resulting in possible injury to the rider. Inspect the outer walls of the rims regularly. Contact a professional bicycle mechanic if cracks or other damages are found.

• Wheels not straight

Lift each wheel off the ground and spin them to see if they are crooked or out of alignment. If the wheels are

not straight, contact a professional bicycle mechanic for repair and/or adjustment.

• Broken or loose spokes

Check for missing or damaged spokes. Make sure that all the spokes are tight.

CAUTION: Damaged or missing spokes render the bicycle unstable and can result to an accident if not corrected. Contact a professional bicycle mechanic for repair immediately.

• Loose hub bearings

Inﬂating the tyre to near maximum recommended pressure gives the lowest rolling resistance; but produces the harshest ride. High pressures work best on smooth, dry pavement. Low pressures, the minimum of the recommended pressure range, give the best performance on smooth, slick terrain such as hard-packed clay, and on deep, loose surfaces such as deep, dry sand.

Tyre pressure that is too low for your weight and the riding conditions can cause tube puncture by allowing the tyre to deform sufﬁciently so that the inner tube is pinched between the rim and the riding surface.

Lift each wheel off the ground and move the wheel from side to side. CAUTION: If there is movement be- tween the axle and the hub, do not ride the bicycle. Adjustment is required.

Tyres and tubes

Tyre pressure

Bicycle tyres loose pressure over time. For this reason it is important to check your tyre pressure before riding your bicycle. It is recommended to inﬂate the tyres using a manual bicycle pump.

CAUTION: Pencil type automotive tyre gauges can be inaccurate and should not be relied upon for consistent, accurate pressure readings. Use a high quality dial gauge instead.

Tyre pressure is given either as a maximum pressure or as a pressure range. How a tyre performs under different terrain or weather conditions depends largely on the tyre pressure.

Recommended PSI rating for tyres: See side wall of tyre

WARNING: Never inﬂate a tyre beyond its

recommended maximum pressure. Exceeding the recommended maximum pressure may blow the tyre off the rim which could cause damage to the bicycle and injury to the rider and others. The best way to inﬂate a bicycle tyre to the correct pressure is with a bicycle pump. Never use a service station air hose to inﬂate a bicycle tyre. Service station air hoses are designed for larger tyres and therefore can easily exceed the recommended maximum pressure of a bicycle causing the tyre to blow off the rim.

Tyre treads

Some special high-performance tyres have unidirectional treads: their tread pattern is designed to work better in one direction than in the other. The sidewall marking of a unidirectional tyre will have an arrow showing the correct rotation direction. If your bicycle has unidirectional tyres, be sure that they are mounted to rotate in the correct direction.

Tyre valves

The tyre valve allows air to enter the tyre’s inner tube under pressure, but doesn’t let it back out unless you want it to.

There are primarily two kinds of bicycle tube valves: The Schrader Valve and the Presta Valve (see ﬁgure).

The Schrader valve is similar to the valve on a car tyre. This is the type of valve stem you should have on your bicycle. To inﬂate a tyre with a Schrader valve, remove the valve cap and push the air hose or pump onto the end of the valve stem. To let air out of a Schrader valve, depress the pin in the end of the valve stem using a key or other appropriate object.

Your bicycle pump should match the tyre valve on your bicycle.

Fixing a ﬂat tyre:

In an event of a ﬂat tyre and you need to repair the tyre, follow the steps below.

1. Remove the wheel.

2. Deﬂate the tyre completely via the valve. Loosen the tyre bead by pushing it inward all around.

3. Press one side of the tyre bead up over the edge of the rim to unset the bead. CAUTION: In order to avoid damaging the rim, use tyre levers and not a screwdriver.

1. Schrader valve

2. Presta Valve

4. Remove the tube, leave the tyre on the rim.

5. Locate and patch the leaks using a tube repair kit or replace the tube entirely. NOTE: Use a replacement tube with a size and valve that is the correct type for your bicycle.

6. Locate the possible cause of the leak by matching the position of the leak in the tube with the tyre.

7. Remove the tyre completely and inspect for a nail, glass, thorn, etc., and remove them. Also inspect

the inside of the rim to ensure there are no protruding spokes, rust or other potential causes. If needed, replace the rim tape which covers the spoke ends.

8. Remount one side of the tyre into the rim.

9. Using a hand pump, slightly inﬂate the tube to give it some shape.

10. Insert the valve stem through the hole in the rim, and work the tube into the tyre. NOTE: Make sure that the valve stem is not twisted or deformed.

11. Remount the other side of the tyre by pushing the edge toward the centre of the rim using only your hands. Start on either side of the valve and work your way around the rim.

12. Before the tyre is completely mounted, push the valve up the rim to make sure that the tyre can sit squarely in position.

13. Remount the rest of the tyre, rolling the last, most difﬁcult part using your thumbs. CAUTION: Avoid using tyre leavers as these can easily puncture the tube or damage the tyre.

Cables and cable housing

Cables and their housing are one of the most overlooked parts on the bicycle. The ﬁrst indication that your cables and housing need to be replaced is an increased amount of pressure needed to operate the brakes.

Before every ride, check that there are no kinks or frays in the cables and housing (see ﬁgure).

14. Check that the tube is not caught between the rim and the tyre bead at any point.

15. Using a hand pump, inﬂate the tube until the tyre begins to take shape. Check that the tyre bead is evenly seated all the way around the rim. When properly seated, fully inﬂate the tyre to the recommended pressure.

16. Replace the wheel into the frame checking that all brakes and quick release levers are properly adjusted.

WARNING: Always check the brake cable routing to ensure smooth and free application of the brakes. Cables that are kinked, frayed or otherwise damaged, or cables that are wrapped around the stem or frame may affect braking power or cause unintended sudden stops and loss of control.

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