Macromedia Administering ColdFusion Server User Manual
Administering
ColdFusion Server
ColdFusion 4.5
Allaire Corporation
Copyright Notice
© 1999 Allaire Corporation. All rights reserved.
This manual, as well as the software described in it, is furnished under license and may
be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. The content of
this manual is furnished for informational use only, is subject to change without
notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by Allaire Corporation. Allaire
Corporation assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that
may appear in this book.
Except as permitted by such license, no part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Allaire
Corporation.
ColdFusion and HomeSite are federally registered trademarks of Allaire Corporation,
HomeSite, the ColdFusion logo and the Allaire logo are trademarks of Allaire
Corporation in the USA and other countries. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT,
Windows 95, Microsoft Access, and FoxPro are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation. All other products or name brands are the trademarks of their respective
holders. Solaris is a trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc. UNIX is a trademark of The
Open Group. PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems Inc.
Part number: AA-45ADM-RK
Contents
Preface: Welcome to ColdFusion ...................................................................xi
Intended Audience......................................................................................................................... xii
Welcome to the ColdFusion 4.5 Web Application Server........................................................... xii
Products and System Requirements ............................................................................................ xii
New features in ColdFusion 4.5 ....................................................................................................xiv
New visual tools......................................................................................................................xiv
Enhancements to CFML ........................................................................................................xiv
Better reliability .......................................................................................................................xv
Improved performance...........................................................................................................xv
Enterprise connectivity features ...........................................................................................xvi
Security enhancements..........................................................................................................xvi
Developer Resources ....................................................................................................................xvii
About ColdFusion Documentation........................................................................................... xviii
Documentation updates..................................................................................................... xviii
ColdFusion manuals ........................................................................................................... xviii
ColdFusion Server online documentation...........................................................................xix
Printing ColdFusion documentation....................................................................................xix
Documentation conventions..................................................................................................xx
Getting Answers ..............................................................................................................................xx
Contacting Allaire....................................................................................................................xx
Chapter 1: Installing and Configuring ColdFusion........................................1
ColdFusion System Requirements ................................................................................................. 2
Windows (NT, 98, or 95)........................................................................................................... 2
Solaris (Enterprise edition only).............................................................................................. 4
Linux.......................................................................................................................................... 5
Installing ColdFusion on Windows ................................................................................................5
Verifying that a Web server is running.................................................................................... 5
Installing ColdFusion............................................................................................................... 6
Uninstalling ColdFusion........................................................................................................ 11
Performing Windows-specific configurations ..................................................................... 11
Installing ColdFusion on Solaris................................................................................................... 13
Installing ColdFusion............................................................................................................. 14
Upgrading from a previous release of ColdFuison.............................................................. 16
iv Administering ColdFusion Server
Uninstalling ColdFusion.........................................................................................................16
Configuring Web servers for Solaris.......................................................................................16
Using scripts to start and stop ColdFusion manually..........................................................22
Installing ColdFusion on Linux .....................................................................................................23
Installing ColdFusion..............................................................................................................23
Uninstalling ColdFusion.........................................................................................................25
Chapter 2: Introduction to ColdFusion Server.............................................27
Overview of Administering ColdFusion........................................................................................28
Accessing the Administrator...................................................................................................28
Initial ColdFusion administration tasks................................................................................29
Summary of Administrative Tasks.................................................................................................29
The ColdFusion Administrator......................................................................................................30
ColdFusion Services on Windows NT ...........................................................................................32
ColdFusion Processes on Solaris...................................................................................................33
Starting and Stopping ColdFusion ................................................................................................33
Windows NT ............................................................................................................................34
Solaris.......................................................................................................................................34
Windows 95 and Windows 98.................................................................................................34
Stopping ColdFusion ..............................................................................................................35
Chapter 3: Configuring ColdFusion Server ..................................................37
The ColdFusion Administrator......................................................................................................39
Accessing the Administrator remotely ..................................................................................39
Starting and Stopping ColdFusion ................................................................................................41
Using batch files to start and stop ColdFusion (Windows)..................................................41
Using scripts to start and stop ColdFusion (Solaris)............................................................42
The Server Settings Page ................................................................................................................42
Caching Settings .............................................................................................................................44
Configuring Administrator Security..............................................................................................44
Managing Client Variables.............................................................................................................45
Planning client state management........................................................................................45
State Management and Server Clustering....................................................................................48
Configuring a data source in a clustering environment ......................................................48
Enabling External Client State Management................................................................................48
Client variable storage options ..............................................................................................49
Purge client variables..............................................................................................................49
Disable global client variable updates...................................................................................49
Create client variable data source tables...............................................................................50
Migrating Client Variable Data......................................................................................................50
Creating client variable tables................................................................................................50
Sample table creation page ....................................................................................................51
Enabling Application and Session Variables ................................................................................51
Specifying timeouts.................................................................................................................51
Monitoring ColdFusion Performance...........................................................................................52
ColdFusion counters available...............................................................................................52
Locking Variables............................................................................................................................53
Contents v
ColdFusion Java Settings................................................................................................................54
ColdFusion Version Information...................................................................................................55
Solaris version information....................................................................................................55
The ColdFusion Logging Page .......................................................................................................56
Administrator email address..................................................................................................56
Log directory............................................................................................................................56
Log slow pages.........................................................................................................................57
Logging email messages .........................................................................................................57
Log files created by ColdFusion ............................................................................................57
Log file format..........................................................................................................................58
Mapping Directories.......................................................................................................................58
Using the Extensions Pages............................................................................................................59
Managing CFX tags..................................................................................................................59
CFX tag samples ......................................................................................................................59
Registering a Java applet.........................................................................................................60
Debug Settings in the ColdFusion Administrator........................................................................62
Configuring Administrator Mail....................................................................................................63
Indexing Data with Verity...............................................................................................................64
Using the Verity Collections page..........................................................................................64
Creating a collection ...............................................................................................................64
Populating a collection ...........................................................................................................65
Verity Supported File Types...........................................................................................................65
Repairing, Optimizing, Purging, and Deleting Collections.........................................................66
Configuring Server-Side Source Control.......................................................................................67
Requirements ..........................................................................................................................67
Using ColdFusion in a Distributed Configuration.......................................................................68
Distributed ColdFusion and clustering.................................................................................68
Changes in the 4.5 version......................................................................................................68
Configuring Distributed ColdFusion ............................................................................................69
Using the modified plug-in ....................................................................................................69
The Network Listener Module (NLM) ...................................................................................71
Installing the module on UNIX..............................................................................................72
Listener Module Command Line Options....................................................................................73
Using the INI file to specify startup options .........................................................................74
Chapter 4: Managing Data Sources ..............................................................77
About ColdFusion Data Sources....................................................................................................78
Supported Databases .....................................................................................................................79
Where to go from here ............................................................................................................80
Choosing the Right Drivers............................................................................................................80
ODBC Drivers ..........................................................................................................................80
Native Drivers..........................................................................................................................81
OLE DB Drivers........................................................................................................................82
Adding Data Sources for ColdFusion ............................................................................................82
ColdFusion Settings................................................................................................................84
Verifying ColdFusion Data Sources...............................................................................................85
Connecting to Microsoft SQL Server Databases ..........................................................................87
Configuring Microsoft SQL Server Options (Windows).......................................................87
vi Administering ColdFusion Server
Configuring Microsoft SQL Server Options (UNIX) .............................................................88
Connecting to Visual FoxPro Databases.......................................................................................89
Configuring Visual FoxPro Options (Windows)....................................................................89
Connecting to OpenIngress Databases.........................................................................................90
Configuring OpenIngress Options (UNIX)............................................................................90
Connecting to dBase Databases....................................................................................................92
Configuring dBase Options (Windows).................................................................................92
Configuring Inprise dBase Options (UNIX) ..........................................................................93
Connecting to Microsoft Access Databases..................................................................................94
Configuring Microsoft Access Options (Windows) ..............................................................94
Access Connectivity Tips (Windows).....................................................................................95
Connecting to Microsoft Excel Databases ....................................................................................96
Configuring Microsoft Excel Options (Windows).................................................................96
Connecting to ASCII Text Databases.............................................................................................97
Configuring Microsoft Text options (Windows)...................................................................97
Configuring Microsoft Text ODBC options (UNIX)..............................................................97
Connecting to Oracle 7.3/8.0 Databases.......................................................................................98
Configuring Oracle 7.3/8.0 Options (Windows) ...................................................................98
Configuring Oracle 7.3/8.0 Options (UNIX)..........................................................................98
Connecting to Oracle 7 and 8.0 Databases (UNIX)...............................................................99
Connecting to Oracle 8.0.x through ODBC (UNIX)............................................................101
Troubleshooting the Oracle 7.3 Native Driver (Windows).................................................102
Configuring the Oracle 8 Client (Windows, UNIX).............................................................103
Connecting to DB2 Data Sources................................................................................................105
Configuring DB2 Options (Windows)..................................................................................105
Configuring DB2 Options (UNIX)........................................................................................105
Configuring System and Services Files (UNIX)...................................................................106
Installing and Configuring DB2 Client Enabler (UNIX).....................................................107
Data source and start script settings for DB2 (UNIX).........................................................108
DB2 Binding and Privileges for ODBC (UNIX)....................................................................109
Executing a DB2 Stored Procedure (Windows, UNIX).......................................................109
Connecting to Informix data sources..........................................................................................111
Configuring Informix Options (Windows) ..........................................................................111
Configuring Informix Options (UNIX).................................................................................112
Connecting to Informix Data Sources (UNIX) ....................................................................113
Connecting to Informix through ODBC/CLI (Windows, UNIX) .......................................114
Connecting to Sybase System 11 data sources...........................................................................117
Configuring Sybase System 11 Options (Windows) ...........................................................117
Configuring Sybase System 11 Options (UNIX)..................................................................118
Tips for Connecting to Sybase System 11 (UNIX)...............................................................119
Using ColdFusion to Create a Data Source.................................................................................120
Chapter 5: Scheduling and Static Page Generation ..................................123
About Scheduling ColdFusion Pages ..........................................................................................124
Scheduling a ColdFusion Page ....................................................................................................124
Specifying the Interval for a Scheduled Task..............................................................................125
Specifying the Page to Execute ....................................................................................................126
Saving Scheduled Output to a File ..............................................................................................126
Contents vii
Defining the Scheduler Refresh Interval.....................................................................................126
Logging Scheduled Events ...........................................................................................................127
Chapter 6: Creating Scalable and Highly Available Web Sites.................129
What is Scalability? .......................................................................................................................130
Performance ..........................................................................................................................130
Load management ................................................................................................................132
Issues Affecting Successful Scalability Implementations..........................................................132
Designing and coding scalable applications.......................................................................133
Avoiding common bottlenecks ............................................................................................137
DNS effects on Web site performance and availability......................................................138
Load testing your Web applications....................................................................................142
What is Web Site Availability?......................................................................................................144
Availability & reliability.........................................................................................................145
Common failures...................................................................................................................146
A Web site availability scenario............................................................................................146
Failover considerations.........................................................................................................147
Techniques for Creating Scalable & Highly Available Sites.......................................................149
What is clustering?.................................................................................................................149
Hardware-based clustering solutions..................................................................................150
Software-based clustering solutions....................................................................................152
Combining hardware and software clustering solutions...................................................154
Introducing ClusterCATS for ColdFusion...................................................................................155
ClusterCATS for ColdFusion Features.................................................................................155
ClusterCATS for ColdFusion Components.................................................................................158
ClusterCATS Server ...............................................................................................................158
ClusterCATS Explorer ...........................................................................................................159
ClusterCATS Server Administrator ......................................................................................160
Before You Install..........................................................................................................................161
Review the release notes.......................................................................................................161
Verify system requirements..................................................................................................161
Configure your primary DNS server....................................................................................163
Configure your Web server’s network settings ...................................................................171
Configure ClusterCATS for use across firewalls..................................................................184
Installing ClusterCATS .................................................................................................................185
Creating Clusters...........................................................................................................................192
Creating clusters with the Cluster Setup Wizard................................................................192
Creating clusters manually...................................................................................................199
Configuring Load Balancing & High Availability Features........................................................203
Configuring server load thresholds......................................................................................203
Configuring session-aware load balancing.........................................................................207
Configuring ColdFusion probes...........................................................................................208
Integrating ClusterCATS with load balancing devices.......................................................211
Configuring administrator alarm notifications ..................................................................215
Configuring administration e-mail support .......................................................................217
Configuring cluster administration security.......................................................................218
Performing Common Cluster Administration Tasks.................................................................223
Changing a server’s state......................................................................................................224
viii Administering ColdFusion Server
Restricting a server from participating in a cluster ............................................................224
Putting a cluster member in maintenance mode...............................................................225
Updating software or content on an existing cluster .........................................................228
Resetting a server’s configuration to its pre-clustered state..............................................230
Administering UNIX-based Clusters...........................................................................................231
Using the ClusterCATS Web Explorer..................................................................................231
Using the ClusterCATS server utilities.................................................................................261
Troubleshooting............................................................................................................................267
Other Informational Resources...................................................................................................267
White papers..........................................................................................................................267
Web sites ................................................................................................................................268
Books......................................................................................................................................268
Chapter 7: Using CGI with ColdFusion........................................................269
CGI vs. Web Server APIs ...............................................................................................................270
Limitations of CGI.........................................................................................................................270
Referencing Application Pages with CGI ....................................................................................271
URLs and the cfml.exe script................................................................................................271
Application page references.................................................................................................272
Chapter 8: ColdFusion Security...................................................................273
Why Is ColdFusion Security Important? 274
Types of ColdFusion Security...............................................................................................275
Choosing a Level of ColdFusion Security ...................................................................................276
Developing Applications ......................................................................................................277
Deploying Applications ........................................................................................................278
Securing the ColdFusion Administrator..............................................................................280
To Learn More About Security.....................................................................................................281
Chapter 9: Configuring Basic Security........................................................283
About Basic Security.....................................................................................................................284
Installation defaults ..............................................................................................................284
Configuring Basic Remote Development Security.....................................................................284
Securing data sources ...........................................................................................................285
ColdFusion Remote Development Services (RDS) ....................................................................285
Basic Security Limitations ....................................................................................................285
Securing ColdFusion file resources .....................................................................................286
Securing ColdFusion data sources.......................................................................................286
Using a Password to Restrict Access to RDS...............................................................................287
ColdFusion Studio Password................................................................................................287
Removing password-based access control: Windows........................................................287
Removing password-based access control: Solaris............................................................287
Configuring Basic Runtime Security...........................................................................................288
Chapter 10: Configuring Advanced Security .............................................289
What is Advanced Security? .........................................................................................................290
Contents ix
Advanced Security Basics.............................................................................................................290
User Directories.....................................................................................................................291
Resources...............................................................................................................................291
Policies ...................................................................................................................................292
Security Contexts...................................................................................................................293
Advanced Security Implementations..........................................................................................294
Securing Applications with User Security...........................................................................294
Securing Resources with RDS Security................................................................................295
Securing Applications with a Security Sandbox .................................................................295
Securing the ColdFusion Administrator..............................................................................296
Creating an Advanced Security Framework ...............................................................................297
Implementation summary ...................................................................................................297
Installing Advanced Security .......................................................................................................298
Setting Up a Security Server.........................................................................................................299
Caching Advanced Security Information....................................................................................300
Defining User Directories ............................................................................................................301
Defining a Security Context .........................................................................................................304
Specifying Resources to Protect...................................................................................................305
Implementing ColdFusion RDS Security....................................................................................307
Implementing User Security........................................................................................................308
Implementing Server Sandbox Security .....................................................................................308
Securing the ColdFusion Administrator .....................................................................................310
Viewing a Map of your Security Framework...............................................................................311
An Example of ColdFusion Studio Security................................................................................311
Enabling Advanced Security.................................................................................................312
Specifying a User Directory..................................................................................................312
Defining a security context...................................................................................................312
Specifying resources to protect............................................................................................313
Adding policies......................................................................................................................314
Granting access privileges....................................................................................................314
Assigning users/groups to policies ......................................................................................315
Enable ColdFusion Studio Security.....................................................................................316
Undocumented Tags and Functions...........................................................................................317
Administrative Functions.....................................................................................................318
Administrative Tags ..............................................................................................................318
Index ..............................................................................................................319
x Administering ColdFusion Server
Preface Welcome to ColdFusion
Administering ColdFusion Server is intended for anyone who needs to install,
configure, and maintain ColdFusion Server.
Contents
• Intended Audience...........................................................................................xii
• Welcome to the ColdFusion 4.5 Web Application Server..............................xii
• Products and System Requirements...............................................................xii
• New features in ColdFusion 4.5 ..................................................................... xiv
• Developer Resources...................................................................................... xvii
• About ColdFusion Documentation ............................................................. xviii
• Getting Answers ................................................................................................xx
xii Administering ColdFusion Server
Intended Audience
Administering ColdFusion Server is meant for anyone who needs to install, configure,
and maintain one or more ColdFusion Server installations.
Welcome to the ColdFusion 4.5 Web Application Server
The ColdFusion 4.5 release focuses on fundamentals — the fundamentals of delivering
your e-business: faster development, better reliability, enhanced scalability, expanded
integration, and stronger security.
At the center of the ColdFusion 4.5 release is an application server platform that's been
highly optimized with new functionality and native support for UNIX. As a result, your
e-business systems will run better and do more. With this release we're launching a
new edition of ColdFusion Server for Linux so you can take advantage of the reliability
and performance of the hottest new Internet server operating system.
While optimizing the core server, we also enhanced fundamental features including
email integration, server-side FTP and HTTP, advanced security, scheduling, and
database connectivity — again giving you more reliability and new functionality.
The focus on fundamentals extends to new features. As part of a broad new
commitment to Java, ColdFusion 4.5 has a range of new Java integration options from
Java CFXs to Java Servlet support to Java object and EJB connectivity. In ColdFusion
Studio 4.5, we added new tools to make you more productive including a flexible new
project architecture that makes managing and deploying complex Web applications a
snap. On the server, we focused on reliability, performance and security with features
such as service-level fail-over, Cisco Local Director integration, and OS security
integration.
Whether you're revolutionizing your company's HR operations, building the next
generation of your firm's global intranet, or launching the next killer .COM company,
you'll find the speed, scalability, connectivity, and security you need in ColdFusion 4.5.
Products and System Requirements
ColdFusion has been fully tested on the following platforms and with the following
configurations.
ColdFusion Server 4.5 Enterprise Edition for Windows
• Windows NT 4.0 SP4+
• Intel Pentium or above
• 150 MB hard disk space
• 128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended for clustering)
Preface xiii
ColdFusion Server 4.5 Enterprise Edition for Solaris
• SPARC Solaris 2.5.1, 2.6, or 7 (patch 103582-1B or higher)
• 128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended for clustering)
• 200 MB hard disk space
ColdFusion Server 4.5 Enterprise Edition for Linux
• Red Hat Linux 6.0 or 6.1
• Intel Pentium or above
• 128 MB RAM (256 MB recommended for clustering)
• 150 MB hard disk space
ColdFusion Server 4.5 Professional Edition for Windows
• Windows 95/98 or Windows NT 4.0
• Intel Pentium or above
• 50 MB hard disk space
• 32 MB RAM (128 MB recommended)
ColdFusion Server 4.5 Professional Edition for Linux
• Red Hat Linux 6.0 or 6.1
• Intel Pentium or above
• 64 MB RAM (128 MB recommended)
• 100 MB hard disk space
ColdFusion Studio 4.5
• Windows 95/98/NT4
• Intel Pentium or above
• 35 MB hard disk space
• 32 MB RAM (64 MB recommended)
xiv Administering ColdFusion Server
New features in ColdFusion 4.5
A wide range of new features are available in ColdFusion 4.5.
New visual tools
Universal File Browser — Access all your files from a single explorer that integrates
access to the Windows file system, ColdFusion RDS servers, and FTP servers. Dragand-drop between any of these services all in an integrated file browser.
Advanced Project Management — Manage your complex Web application
development projects with a new project architecture that gives you more flexibility
and control using physical, virtual, and auto-inclusive project folders as well as project
resource browsing.
Scriptable Deployment — Deploy applications to complex server configurations with
FTP or ColdFusion Remote Development Services (RDS). Use VBScript or Java Script to
fully script deployment of projects with granular control over how files uploaded.
Setup deployment scripts using a powerful wizard and save scripts for re-use.
Collapsible Code — Work with large, complex scripts and pages more easily by
collapsing sections of the code in the editor so you can build sophisticated
applications more quickly.
Function Insight — Find the parameters and format for functions instantly and inline
as you code.
Image Map Editor — Create image maps right in ColdFusion Studio with a new easyto-use visual tool.
Configuration Wizard — Setup your work environment so it meets all your needs
using any of more than dozen common configurations.
TopStyle CSS Editor — Create and edit standards-compliant cascading style sheets to
easily control the look and feel of your web applications.
WML Support — Build wireless Web applications quickly and easily with the complete
set of Wireless Markup Language (WML) visual tools.
Enhancements to CFML
Object Scripting — Instantiate and script objects using CFML script in addition to the
CFOBJECT tag easier integration with distributed object middleware such as COM and
CORBA.
Structured Exception Handling — Exception handling now offers hierarchical
exception handling that supports both greater customization and greater access to
internal exceptions.
String Conversion Functions — Convert strings quickly and easily to be compatible
with Java Script and XML standards.
Preface xv
Better reliability
Server Probes — Guarantee high availability by automatically detecting when a
ColdFusion Server or Web server hangs or stops, failing-over to a new machine in a
ColdFusion cluster, and restarting the server with problems. (Enterprise Edition only)
Improved Automatic Server Recovery — Monitor and automatically restart server
process in case of failures or critical errors on individual servers not deployed in a
cluster.
Clustering Support for Apache — Setup ColdFusion clusters on Linux and Solaris
using the Apache Web Server. (Enterprise Edition only)
Automatic Shared Variable Locking — Lock user and session variable reads
automatically at the server level to prevent destabilizing conflicts and control thread
write contentions. Configure variable locking to meet the specific needs of your
applications.
Individual Data Source Control — Enable and disable individual data sources
individually without affecting server availability for runtime data source maintenance
without server restarts.
Improved performance
Cisco Local Director Integration — Deliver very large scale sites with Cisco Local
Director intelligently balancing load based on the load metrics provided by the
ColdFusion Servers in a cluster. (Enterprise Edition only)
Client-Side Page Caching — Leverage browser page caching to avoid unnecessary
downloads of unchanged pages and improve overall site performance.
Programmatically control refresh of client-side cache to ensure users see most up-todate output.
White Space Removal — Reduce white space left by processed code in application
pages to make the pages smaller and faster. Control white space removal
programmatically or administratively.
Scriptable Performance Metrics — Track key server metrics at run time through your
own scripts for intelligent diagnosis of performance bottlenecks of stability problems
in your applications.
Performance Debugging Data — Access detailed debugging information on the
performance of each individual page included in an application page that is being
debugged.
xvi Administering ColdFusion Server
Enterprise connectivity features
Transaction Commit and Rollback — Control database transactions with
programmable commit and rollback support for more reliable and better-managed
database interactions.
Java Object and EJB Connectivity — Connect to any Java object or Enterprise JavaBean
(EJB) hosted by any major EJB server to extend ColdFusion and access complex
business logic or third party distributed components.
Java Servlets — Call Java Servlets hosted by a Servlet Engine such as Allaire JRun from
within a ColdFusion application to access extended functionality
Java-based ColdFusion Extensions (CFX) — Extend ColdFusion with new
functionality through CFXs created with Java.
Binary Object Support — Use Character Large Binary Object (CLOB) support to
encoded binary objects, transmit them via XML, and store them in databases or files.
SQL Bind Parameters — Improve query performance, security and flexibility with
explicitly typed query parameters.
WDDX 1.0 — Exchange complex data, including encoded images, between servers and
with other programming environments even faster using the latest version of Web
Distributed Data Exchange (WDDX).
OS Command Execution — Execute OS shell scripts, services, executables and batch
files from within ColdFusion applications.
LDAP 3.0 — Use all the power of LDAP 3.0 for directory access including file filtering,
SSL encryption, and Microsoft Active Directory integration.
Enhanced Mail Integration — Develop more sophisticated and robust email
applications with new support for controlling mail headers, BCC, and multiple file
attachments.
Improved Server-Side HTTP — Use URL redirection, SSL, cookies, return headers, and
more robust server-side HTTP support for building distributed Web applications.
Security enhancements
General OS Security Integration — Secure entire Web applications and control access
to files and objects through your existing Windows NT security architecture.
Authenticated users in your applications can be limited to privileges authorized
through Windows security. (Windows NT Only)
OS Server Sandbox Security — Secure shared hosting environments more easily by
creating Server Sandboxes with Windows NT security. OS Server Sandboxes process all
requests under the privileges of a designated Windows NT user account (Enterprise
Edition for Windows only).
Enhanced Advanced Security — Secure CFML functions and enable CFML code
segments to be executed using the run-time security permissions of a designated user.
Preface xvii
New Advanced Security Interface — Manage Advanced Security configuration more
quickly and easily with a completely redesigned browser-based resource view.
Scriptable Advanced Security Administration — Configure ColdFusion Advanced
Security through your own CFML scripts for easier maintenance of ColdFusion
Servers.
Developer Resources
Allaire Corporation is committed to setting the standard for customer support in
developer education, technical support, and professional services. Our Web site is
designed to give you quick access to the entire range of online resources.
Allaire Developer Services
Resource Description
Allaire Web site
www.allaire.com
Technical Support
www.allaire.com/support
Training and Consulting
www.allaire.com/services
Developer Community
www.allaire.com/developer
Allaire Partners
www.allaire.com/partners
General information about Allaire products and
services.
Allaire offers a wide range of professional support
programs. This page explains all of the available
options.
Information about training classes, online
courses, and consulting services offered by
Allaire.
All of the resources you need to stay on the
cutting edge of ColdFusion development,
including online discussion groups, Knowledge
Base, Component Exchange, Resource Library,
technical papers and more.
The Allaire Alliance is a network of solution
providers, application developers, resellers, and
hosting services creating solutions with
ColdFusion.
xviii Administering ColdFusion Server
About ColdFusion Documentation
ColdFusion documentation is designed to provide support for all components of the
ColdFusion development system. Both the print and online versions are organized to
allow you to quickly locate the information you need.
In addition to the book set, the documentation is provided in two other formats:
• HTML — Browser-based Help references.
• Adobe Acrobat (PDF) — Available from the root level on the product CD-ROM
and from the Developer area of Allaire’s Web site at http://www.allaire.com/
developer
Documentation updates
Late additions and corrections to ColdFusion printed documentation are listed in the
Documentation Updates page. To reach this page, open the Welcome to ColdFusion
page installed with ColdFusion, where you’ll find links to the update page as well as
links to other pages containing useful information about ColdFusion, Allaire support
options, and Allaire products and services.
For ColdFusion Studio users, you can access the documentation update page by
clicking on the Help resource tab and browsing your way through the online help tree
to the Allaire Support folder.
.
ColdFusion manuals
The core ColdFusion documentation set consists of the following titles.
Administering ColdFusion Server
Includes instructions for installing ColdFusion Server. Describes configuration options
for maximizing performance, managing data sources, setting security levels, and a
range of development and site management tasks. If you are administering a
ColdFusion site, you’ll need this book to help plan and implement ColdFusion
security, load balancing, and for details about tuning the ColdFusion application
server.
Developing Web Applications with ColdFusion
Presents the fundamentals of ColdFusion application development and deployment.
Also includes detailed information about ColdFusion data sources, user interfaces,
and Web technologies.
CFML Language Reference
Provides the complete syntax, with example code, of all CFML tags and functions.
Preface xix
Using ColdFusion Studio
Documents everything you need to know about using ColdFusion Studio, including
features like projects, source control integration, as well as the Studio workspace and
interface.
Quick Reference to CFML
A valuable quick reference to CFML tags, functions, and variables.
ColdFusion Server online documentation
To view the HTML documentation, open the following URL: http://127.0.0.1/
cfdocs/dochome.htm
Note that because the Verity search libraries are not available on Linux for this release,
the online documentation search facility is not functional on Linux. If you try to open
the search page, a message box opens to explain why the facility is not available.
Acrobat versions of all ColdFusion documentation are available from the root level on
the product CD. If you don’t have a product CD, you can download ColdFusion
documentation from the Allaire web site by visiting
developer
and clicking the Documentation link.
.
http://www.allaire.com/
ColdFusion Studio online documentation
Click the Help resource tab in ColdFusion Studio to view online Help pages. The help
tree contains ColdFusion documentation and a number of additional developer
resources. Studio online documentation is searchable and individual pages can be
bookmarked.
Printing ColdFusion documentation
If you are working with an evaluation version of ColdFusion and would like printed
documentation, access the Adobe Acrobat files found from the root level on the
product CD. If you do not have access to a product CD, you can download the Acrobat
files from the Allaire web site:
Documentation link.
The Acrobat files offer excellent print output. You can print an entire manual,
individual sections, or page ranges of your choice. To get the Acrobat reader, visit:
http://www.acrobat.com.
http://www.allaire.com/developer, click the
xx Administering ColdFusion Server
Documentation conventions
When reading, please be aware of these formatting cues:
• Code samples, filenames, and URLs are set in a
• Notes and tips are identified by bold type
• Bulleted lists present options and features
• Numbered steps indicate procedures
• Tool button icons are generally shown with procedure steps
• Menu levels are separated by the greater than (>) sign
• Text for you to type in is set in italics
monospaced font
Getting Answers
One of the best ways to solve particular programming problems is to tap into the vast
expertise of the ColdFusion developer community on the Allaire Forums. Other
ColdFusion developers on the forum can help you figure out how to do just about
anything with ColdFusion. The search facility can also help you search messages going
back 12 months, allowing you to learn how others have solved a problem you may be
facing. The Forums is a great resource for learning ColdFusion, but it’s also a great
place to see the ColdFusion developer community in action.
Contacting Allaire
Corporate headquarters
Allaire Corporation
One Alewife Center
Cambridge, MA 02140
Tel: 617.761.2000
Fax: 617.761.2001
http://www.allaire.com
Technical support
Telephone support is available Monday through Friday 8 A.M. to 8 P.M. Eastern time
(except holidays)
Toll Free: 888.939.2545 (U.S. and Canada)
Tel: 617.761.2100 (outside U.S. and Canada)
For complete details about Allaire Product Support options, please refer to the Allaire
Support pages on the Allaire web site:
http://www.allaire.com/support.
Preface xxi
Postings to the ColdFusion Support Forum (http://forums.allaire.com) can be
made any time.
Sales
Toll Free: 888.939.2545
Tel: 617.761.2100
Fax: 617.761.2101
Email: sales@allaire.com
Web:
http://www.allaire.com/store
xxii Administering ColdFusion Server
C HAPTER 1
Chapter 1 Installing and Configuring
ColdFusion
This chapter describes ColdFusion’s system requirements and how to install and
configure ColdFusion on your platform.
Contents
• ColdFusion System Requirements.................................................................... 2
• Installing ColdFusion on Windows................................................................... 5
• Installing ColdFusion on Solaris ..................................................................... 13
• Installing ColdFusion on Linux....................................................................... 23
2 Administering ColdFusion Server
ColdFusion System Requirements
ColdFusion v4.5 runs on the following platforms:
• “Windows (NT, 98, or 95)” on page 2
• “Solaris (Enterprise edition only)” on page 4
• “Linux” on page 5
This section describes system requirements for each platform.
Windows (NT, 98, or 95)
The minimum requirements needed to install and run ColdFusion Server on Windows
depend on which edition you install, Enterprise, Professional, or Express.
Note If you plan to use the ClusterCATS software that is included with
ColdFusion to cluster your NT servers, see “Windows NT system
requirements for ClusterCATS Server” on page 162. The ClusterCATS
system requirements may impact your overall environment
requirements.
ColdFusion Server 4.5 Enterprise Edition for Windows
To install and use ColdFusion Server 4.5 Enterprise edition on Windows, your system
must meet the following minimum requirements:
• Windows NT Server v 4.0 with Service Pack 4
• Intel Pentium or higher
• 64 MB of RAM (128 recommended)
•60 MB of free disk space
• A World Wide Web server that supports the NSAPI, ISAPI, or WSAPI application
programming interfaces (APIs). Specific Web servers that work with ColdFusion
on the Windows platform include:
• Internet Information Server v4.0 or greater
• Netscape Enterprise Server v3.51 or greater
• Apache Web Server v1.3.6 or greater
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
• A CD-ROM drive
Chapter 1: Installing and Configuring ColdFusion 3
ColdFusion Server 4.5 Professional Edition for Windows
To install and use ColdFusion Server 4.5 Professional edition on Windows, your system
must meet the following minimum requirements:
• Windows 95/98 or Windows NT Server v 4.0 with Service Pack 4
• Intel Pentium or higher
• 32 MB of RAM (128 recommended)
•50 MB of free disk space
• A World Wide Web server that supports the NSAPI, ISAPI, or WSAPI application
programming interfaces (APIs). Specific Web servers that work with ColdFusion
on the Windows platform include:
• Internet Information Server v4.0 or greater
• Netscape Enterprise Server v3.51 or greater
• Apache Web Server v1.3.6 or greater
• Microsoft Personal Web Server (PWS)
• WebSite Server API ( WSAPI)
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
• A CD-ROM drive
4 Administering ColdFusion Server
ColdFusion Server 4.5 Express Edition for Windows
To install and use ColdFusion Server 4.5 Express edition on Windows, your system
must meet the following minimum requirements:
• Windows 95/98 or Windows NT Server v 4.0 with Service Pack 4
• Intel Pentium or higher
• 32 MB of RAM (64 recommended)
•25 MB of free disk space
• A World Wide Web server that supports the NSAPI, ISAPI, or WSAPI application
programming interfaces (APIs). Specific Web servers that work with ColdFusion
on the Windows platform include:
• Internet Information Server v4.0 or greater
• Netscape Enterprise Server v3.51 or greater
• Apache Web Server v1.3.6 or greater
• Microsoft Personal Web Server (PWS)
• WebSite Server API ( WSAPI)
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
• A CD-ROM drive
Solaris (Enterprise edition only)
To install and use ColdFusion on Solaris, your system must meet the following
minimum requirements:
• Solaris v2.5.1 or greater running on a SPARC workstation
• 128 MB or RAM
• 120 MB of free disk space for a full install
• Specific Web servers that work with ColdFusion on the Solaris platform include:
• Netscape Fast Track/Enterprise Server versions 2.01 or 3.0, 3.51
• Apache Web Server versions v1.3.6 or greater
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
• A CD-ROM drive
Note If you plan to use the ClusterCATS software that is included with
ColdFusion to cluster your Solaris servers, see “Sun Solaris system
requirements for ClusterCATS Server” on page 162. The ClusterCATS
system requirements may impact your overall environment
requirements.
Chapter 1: Installing and Configuring ColdFusion 5
Linux
To install and use ColdFusion Server 4.5 Express, Professional, or Enterprise edition on
Linux, your system must meet the following minimum requirements:
• RedHat operating system v6.0 or 6.1
(with glibc v2.1, gcc/egcs libstdc++ v2.9, and v2.2 kernel)
• Intel Pentium 200 Mhz or greater
• 64 MB of RAM (128 MB recommended)
• 50 MB of free disk space
• Specific Web servers that work with ColdFusion on the Linux platform include:
• Apache Web Server versions v1.3.6 or greater
• A CD-ROM drive
Note If you plan to use the ClusterCATS software that is included with
ColdFusion to cluster your Linux servers, see “Linux system requirements
for ClusterCATS Server” on page 162. The ClusterCATS system
requirements may impact your overall environment requirements.
Installing ColdFusion on Windows
This section addresses the following topics about installing ColdFusion on Windows:
• “Verifying that a Web server is running” on page 5
• “Installing ColdFusion” on page 6
• “Uninstalling ColdFusion” on page 11
• “Performing Windows-specific configurations” on page 11
Verifying that a Web server is running
Before installing ColdFusion, check that your Web server is installed and running. You
can do this by loading a page in your Web browser using the HTTP protocol.
To check that your Web server is running:
Do one of the following actions:
• Enter the URL for a Web page or site in your browser’s Address field and press
Enter.
For example, if the file myindex.htm is in your Web document root directory, load
the page in your browser using the localhost URL:
http://127.0.0.1/myindex.htm
If your Web server is not running, you’ll receive an error message.
6 Administering ColdFusion Server
• You can also check the Services icon in the Windows Control Panel or open your
Web server administration utility to determine if your Web server is started or
stopped.
Installing ColdFusion
The installation procedure assumes you are installing from a CD. If you purchased and
downloaded ColdFusion from the Allaire Online Store, follow the download
instructions found there. Then follow the install procedure below, skipping step 2.
We recommend that you close all open applications before running the Setup
program. This will ensure proper installation of the ODBC 3.0 drivers.
Note Because of a problem in the way Verity handles indexing, ColdFusion
must be installed to a directory path that contains no spaces in the path
name. This restriction is necessary so that ColdFusion can properly
access Verity collections.
To install ColdFusion on Windows:
1. Log in to your system using the administrator’s account or an account that is part
of the Administrator’s group.
2. Insert the ColdFusion Server v4.5 CD into your CD drive or access it from your
network jukebox (Enterprise users).
3. Click Start>Run to display the Run dialog box.
4. Enter the path where the ColdFusion Setup.exe resides or click Browse to drill
down to it.
5. Click OK.
The ColdFusion v4.5 Setup program starts and displays the ColdFusion Setup
Welcome page.
Chapter 1: Installing and Configuring ColdFusion 7
6. Click Next in the Welcome and Software License Agreement dialog boxes.
The User Information dialog box appears after the Software License Agreement
dialog box.
7. Enter your name, company, and ColdFusion serial number in the User
Information dialog box and click Next.
Note You’ll find your ColdFusion serial number on the product box.
The Choose Destination Directory dialog box appears next.
8 Administering ColdFusion Server
8. Accept or change the default destination folder and click Next.
The Select Web Server dialog box appears.
If your Web server is already installed, the ColdFusion Setup program will
automatically detect it.
9. If your Web server is not one of the ones listed, select the Other option and click
Next. Otherwise, just click Next.
The Select Web Server Document Directory dialog box appears next.
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