Page 1
Content Type: Standard Color
Paper Type: STCO19
Page Count: 130
File type: Internal
PROOF
Page 2
PROOF
Page 3
TAZ 4 User Manual
Aleph Objects, Inc.
PROOF
Page 4
LulzBot™TAZ 4 User Manual
by Aleph Objects, Inc.
Copyright © 2014 Aleph Objects, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Public License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Published by Aleph Objects, Inc., 626 W 66th Street, Loveland, Colorado,
80538 USA.
For more information, call +1-970-377-1111 or go to www.LulzBot.com and
www.AlephObjects.com.
ISBN: 978-0-9893784-5-1 4.0-201444
PROOF
Page 5
Contents
WARNINGS
Safety Information · · · · · · · · ix
Read Me First! · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · x
Hazards and Warnings · · · · · · · · · · · · · · x
1 3D Printer Software · · · · · · · 13
1.1 Software Overview · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14
1.2 Installing Drivers · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14
1.3 Printrun · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14
1.4 Using Printrun · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17
1.5 CAD and 3D Modeling Software · · · · · · · · 21
1.6 Alternative Printer Host Software · · · · · · · · 22
2 Slic3r · · · · · · · · · · 23
2.1 Introduction · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24
2.2 Getting Slic3r · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 25
2.3 First Print · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 26
2.4 Simple Mode · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 43
2.5 Expert Mode · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 52
2.6 Configuration Organization · · · · · · · · · · 81
2.7 Repairing Models · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 83
2.8 Advanced Topics · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 84
2.9 Troubleshooting · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 93
2.10 Slic3r Support · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 94
3 Printing with the Graphic LCD · · · · · 97
3.1 GLCD Controller or Printrun Host? · · · · · · · 98
3.2 Multiple Connections · · · · · · · · · · · · 98
3.3 Putting Print Files on the SD Card · · · · · · · 99
3.4 Printing With the Graphic LCD · · · · · · · · · 99
iii
PROOF
Page 6
CONTENTS
4 Maintaining Your 3D Printer · · · · · · 105
4.1 Overview · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 106
4.2 Smooth Rods · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 106
4.3 Threaded Rods · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 106
4.4 PET Sheets · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 106
4.5 Hobbed Bolt · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 107
4.6 Software · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 107
4.7 Belts · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 107
4.8 Hot End · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 108
4.9 Electronics · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 108
5 Advanced Usage · · · · · · · · 109
5.1 Intro · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 110
5.2 Changing nozzles · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 110
5.3 ABS/Acetone Glue · · · · · · · · · · · · · 111
5.4 Using 1.75mm filament · · · · · · · · · · · · 111
6 Hardware and Software Source Code · · · · 115
7 3D Printer Support · · · · · · · 117
7.1 LulzBot · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 118
7.2 Community · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 118
8 Contact Information · · · · · · · 119
8.1 Support · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 120
8.2 Sales · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 120
8.3 Websites · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 120
Index · · · · · · · · · · · 121
Glossary · · · · · · · · · · 125
iv
PROOF
Page 7
List of Figures
1.1 Printrun application for 3D printer control · · · · · · 15
1.2 Printrun · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17
1.3 Printrun Functions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 18
1.4 Movement Controls · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19
2.1 Configuration Wizard: Welcome Screen · · · · · · · 28
2.2 Configuration Wizard: Firmware Type · · · · · · · · 29
2.3 Configuration Wizard: Bed Size · · · · · · · · · · 30
2.4 Configuration Wizard: Nozzle Diameter · · · · · · · 31
2.5 Configuration Wizard: Filament Diamter · · · · · · · 32
2.6 Configuration Wizard: Extrusion Temperature · · · · · 33
2.7 Configuration Wizard: Bed Temperature · · · · · · · 34
2.8 Configuration Wizard: End · · · · · · · · · · · 35
2.9 Shapesmith online CAD tool. · · · · · · · · · · · 39
2.10 Plater · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 40
2.11 Minimug model. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 41
2.12 STL file loaded. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 41
2.13 Preferences. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 43
2.14 Simple Mode: Print Settings. · · · · · · · · · · · 44
2.15 An example of insufficient top layers. · · · · · · · · 45
2.16 Creating a vase from a solid model. · · · · · · · · · 46
2.17 An example of an object printed with support material. · · 47
2.18 An example of brim. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 48
2.19 Simple Mode: Filament Settings. · · · · · · · · · 49
2.20 Simple Mode: Printer Settings. · · · · · · · · · · 50
2.21 Expert mode speed options. · · · · · · · · · · · 53
2.22 Infill pattern settings. · · · · · · · · · · · · · 56
2.23 Infill pattern: Line (344.51mm / 5m:20s) · · · · · · · 56
2.24 Infill pattern: Rectilinear (350.57mm / 5m:23s) · · · · · 56
2.25 Infill pattern: Concentric (351.80mm / 5m:30s) · · · · · 57
2.26 Infill pattern: Honeycomb (362.73mm / 5m:39s) · · · · 57
2.27 Infill pattern: Hilbert Curve (332.82mm / 5m:28s) · · · · 57
2.28 Infill pattern: Archimedean Chords (333.66mm / 5m:27s) · 57
2.29 Infill pattern: Octagram Spiral (318.63mm / 5m:15s) · · · 58
v
PROOF
Page 8
List of Figures
2.30 Infill pattern comparison in a complex object. Left to Right:
honeycomb, line · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 58
2.31 Infill patterns at varying densities. Left to Right:
20%,40%,60%,80%. Top to Bottom: Honeycomb, Concentric,
Line, Rectilinear, Hilbert Curve, Archimedean Chords,
Octagram Spiral · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 59
2.32 Infill advanced settings. · · · · · · · · · · · · · 60
2.33 Retraction settings. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 61
2.34 Skirt settings. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 63
2.35 Cooling strategy. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 64
2.36 Cooling advanced settings. · · · · · · · · · · · · 66
2.37 Support structure options. · · · · · · · · · · · · 67
2.38 Minimug model, tilted 45°. · · · · · · · · · · · · 68
2.39 Support infill pattern: Rectilinear · · · · · · · · · 69
2.40 Support infill pattern: Rectilinear Grid · · · · · · · 69
2.41 Support infill pattern: Honeycomb · · · · · · · · · 69
2.42 Example of pattern angle rotated 45°. · · · · · · · · 70
2.43 Multiple extruder options - Printer Settings Tab (General).
Note the two extruders defined in the left-hand pane. · · · 71
2.44 Multiple extruder options - Printer Settings Tab (Extruder). 71
2.45 Plater with multiple filament options. · · · · · · · · 72
2.46 Multiple extruder options - Print Settings Tab. · · · · · 73
2.47 Multiple extruder options - Tool change G-code. · · · · 73
2.48 Extrusion widths options. · · · · · · · · · · · · 75
2.49 Example model highlighting use case for variable layer heights. 76
2.50 Example with normal layer height. · · · · · · · · · 77
2.51 Variable layer height options - Info. · · · · · · · · · 78
2.52 Variable layer height options - Layers. · · · · · · · · 79
2.53 Example with variable layer height. · · · · · · · · · 79
2.54 Example print with variable layer height. · · · · · · · 80
2.55 Example with skipped layers. · · · · · · · · · · · 80
2.56 Saving a profile. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 82
2.57 Deleting a profile. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 82
2.58 FreeCAD part repair. · · · · · · · · · · · · · 83
2.59 Sequential printing options. · · · · · · · · · · · 84
2.60 The clearance cylinder around an extruder. · · · · · · 85
2.61 Post-processing script option. · · · · · · · · · · · 91
vi
PROOF
Page 9
List of Figures
2.62 Example post-processing script to display Slic3r environment
variables. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 91
2.63 Example post-processing script to print each line to output. 92
3.1 GLCD Info Screen · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 99
3.2 Main menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 101
3.3 Configuration Menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 103
3.4 Configuration Menu · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 104
vii
PROOF
Page 10
PROOF
Page 11
WARNINGS
Safety Information
PROOF
Page 12
WARNING!
Read Me First!
READ THIS MANUAL COMPLETELY BEFORE UNPACKING AND
POWERING UP YOUR PRINTER.
Hazards and Warnings
The TAZ 3D printer has motorized and heated parts. Always be aware of
possible hazards when the printer is operational.
Electric Shock Hazard
Never open the electronics case when the printer is powered on. Before
removing the electronics case cover always power down the printer and
completely turn off and unplug the power supply. Allow the power supply
to discharge for at least one minute.
Burn Hazard
Never touch the extruder nozzle or heater block without first turning off
the hot end and allowing it to completely cool down. The hot end can
take up to 20 minutes to completely cool. Never touch recently extruded
plastic. The plastic can stick to your skin and cause burns. The heated
bed can reach high temperatures that are capable of causing burns.
Fire Hazard
Never place flammable materials or liquids on or near the printer when
it is powered on or operational. Liquid acetone and vapors are extremely
flammable.
Pinch Hazard
When the printer is operational take care to never put your fingers in
any moving parts including belts, pulleys, or gears. Tie back long hair or
clothing that can get caught in the moving parts of the printer.
x
PROOF
Page 13
HAZARDS AND WARNINGS
Static Charge
Make sure to ground yourself before touching the printer, especially its
electronics. Electrostatic discharge can damage electronic components.
Ground yourself by touching a grounded source like the metal power supply
housing or your computer case.
Age Warning
For users under the age of 18, adult supervision is recommended. Beware
of choking hazards around small children.
xi
PROOF
Page 14
PROOF
Page 15
3D Printer Software
PROOF
Page 16
3D Printer Software
1.1 Software Overview
Aleph Objects, Inc., the maker of the LulzBot TAZ, completely supports
free/libre hardware and software. Along with the TAZ being a free/libre
hardware design, it has been tested to work with 100% free/libre software.
Our source code and design files are hosted on our development server found
at http://devel.lulzbot.com. To operate your desktop 3D printer you
will need to install a few software packages onto your PC. You will need
a 3D printer host, an .STL to .gcode generator, and optional CAD or 3D
modeling software.
All of the following free/libre software packages are available for
GNU/Linux, Windows, and Apple OS X. However, we highly recommend
using these programs on GNU/Linux.
The required software can be found in the Support/Downloads section
at LulzBot.com/support/downloads. You will also find instructions there
for installing each program onto your PC. You can also find downloads
specific to the TAZ 3D printer on the TAZ product page.
1.2 Installing Drivers
Linux and Mac OSX users will not need to install a driver to communicate with the TAZ 3D printer. Windows users will need to
install the following drivers. The drivers can be downloaded from
LulzBot.com/support/downloads. A visual guide showing the driver
installation process can be found in our download section as well.
1.3 Printrun
Website: http://www.github.com/kliment/Printrun
The host software, Printrun, is used to start up and control your 3D
printer (Figure 1.2, page 17). The host controls include: setting the
extruder and print surface temperatures, manual control of each axis, and
manual extrusion. The host is also where you can push print files (.gcode)
to the 3D printer or load print files from the SD card for printing out model
designs.
14
PROOF
Page 17
1.3. PRINTRUN
Figure 1.1: Printrun application for 3D printer control
Installing Printrun
Printrun contains several different applications that can be used to control the TAZ 3D printer. It can be installed on Windows, Mac OSX
and Linux based computers. We recommend using Pronterface, the
graphical user interface for printrun, when setting up or troubleshooting
the 3D printer. Pronsole allows printing from the command line, and
can be used for scripting and some automation. Plater allows you
to arrange and combine several STL files into one. More information
on the other programs within the Printrun package can be found at
https://github.com/kliment/Printrun. Printrun can be downloaded
from LulzBot.com/support/downloads. Download the version for your
operating system and extract. You will need an archive manager to extract
the files. If you do not have one installed we recommend using 7-zip, which
can be downloaded for free at www.7-zip.org.
Windows Instructions
• Once downloaded, extract the dist folder to a location of your
choice. You can rename the dist folder if you like. Double click
pronterface.exe to run Pronterface.
15
PROOF
Page 18
3D Printer Software
Mac OSX Instructions
• Once downloaded, extract the dist folder to a location of your choice.
Once extracted, double click the pronterface-mac-Mar2012.app file
to install.
Linux Instructions
Debian|Ubuntu
Recommended Installation
• We recommend using the stand-alone Printrun option found at
https://www.LulzBot.com/?=support/downloads. Once down-
loaded and extracted, navigate to the extracted directory. Install
the dependencies by issuing the following command in a terminal: sudo apt-get install python-serial python-wxgtk2.8
python-pyglet. Once the dependencies have been installed, run
Pronterface by using the following command in a terminal: python
pronterface.py.
Installing from source
• Using Git, in a terminal issue the following command: git clone
https://github.com/kliment/Printrun.git
• Once downloaded, change to the Printrun directory. You will need to
ensure that the following dependencies are met. They are listed in the
README.md file. You can use this command to install the dependencies: sudo apt-get install python-serial python-wxgtk2.8
python-pyglet python-tornado python-setuptools
python-libxml2 python-gobject python-pip avahi-daemon
libavahi-compat-libdnssd1 followed by: pip install -r
requirements.txt To install in a terminal issue the following
command: sudo python setup.py install. Run Printrun by
issuing the following command: python pronterface.py
16
PROOF
Page 19
1.4. USING PRINTRUN
Fedora
• Use this command to install Printrun from the official sources: sudo
yum install printrun
Archlinux
• Use this command to install Printun from AUR: yaourt printrun
1.4 Using Printrun
Figure 1.2: Printrun
Printrun is used to control the printer from a computer. It is divided into
4 main parts: The buttons over the top are used to connect to the printer,
load files and start & stop prints.
The movement controls are on the left hand side, with the G-code
preview window in the center and the Log window and Terminal command
entry box on the right hand side (Figure 1.2, page 17).
17
PROOF
Page 20
3D Printer Software
Connecting to the TAZ 3D Printer
To start up the printer, first you will need to connect to the printer with
Printrun. Make sure you have connected the USB cable from your PC
to the printer before launching Printrun. If not, close Printrun, connect
the USB cable, and relaunch Printrun. To connect to the printer, select
the correct port by using the drop down arrow and selecting the active
port, generally /dev/ttyACM0). On other operating systems the port may
be named such as COM1 or tty.usbserial-USB-ID. The Port button will
refresh the Port listing. Once selected choose the default 115200 buad rate
and press Connect. Pronterface will open a connection to the printer and
display firmware information in the Log window.
In the text output window you will see multiple return lines. If you see
Printer is now online you have successfully connected to the printer.
The printer control buttons on the left will also darken and become clickable after connecting. If nothing is displayed in the Log window verify you
have the correct port and connection speed selected. When you need to
disconnect the printer simply press the Disconnect button.
Figure 1.3: Printrun Functions
18
PROOF
Page 21
1.4. USING PRINTRUN
Movement
Figure 1.4: Movement Controls
Motors off
The TAZ 3D printer can be moved on all three axes independently. If you
would like to do so by hand, use the Motors off button to unlock all the
stepper motors. Once unlocked they can be moved by hand. Keep in mind
that there is no positional feedback, so if you move an axis you will need
to re-home in order to re-establish the hot end’s position.
mm/min XY:/ Z:
These settings control the manual jog speeds when driven with Pronterface.
Use caution when changing these figures. Moving the axes too fast can
cause the printer to miss steps. If that occurs with the Z axis, it can
potentially cause the Z axis to become out of square.
19
PROOF
Page 22
3D Printer Software
Homing
Caution: when homing, the axis will continue to move in the negative
direction until the end stop switch is activated. If the printer is ever
transported make sure the end stop switches are clear before resuming
printing. If an axis has missed an end stop and is continuing to try to
move in the negative direction, immediately turn the power switch to the
off position.
Each axes can be homed either individually or together. Press the Home
X button to move the X axis to the left until it activates the end stop.
Once the X axis end stop is activated, the X axis carriage will ’bounce’- it
will move over and move back to the home position more slowly. Press the
Home Y button to home the Y axis. The Y axis platform will move away
from you towards the rear of the printer. The Z home button functions the
same, but the Z trigger can be adjusted manually on the printer. DO NOT
press the Home Z button to home the Z axis or the Home All button at
this time. In a later step you will need to set the Z end stop trigger before
homing Z.
X/Y/Z Axes Movement Controls
Prior to moving the X, Y, or Z axis, make sure that you home each axis.
The X, Y and Z axes can be moved utilizing the circular movement controls.
Each axis can be moved in either fine moves or large moves, ranging from
0.1mm to 100mm. For example, to move the Y Axis towards you, move
your mouse to the +y section until both the +y and the 100 are highlighted
then select that ring section. To move the Y axis away from you, move
your mouse to the -y section until both the -y and the 100 are highlighted
then select that ring section. The X axis can be moved in a similar fashion.
DO NOT press the Home Z button to home the Z axis or the Home All
button at this time. The Z axis movement control operates similarly, but
the movement scale is different. The Z axis will move in 0.1mm, 1mm and
10mm increments. The top half of the movement bar will move the Z axis
up, by the selected units, while the lower half will move the Z axis down,
by the selected units.
20
PROOF
Page 23
1.5. CAD AND 3D MODELING SOFTWARE
1.5 CAD and 3D Modeling Software
LulzBot is not distributing a CAD or 3D modeling software package. However, multiple free/libre software packages are available. Other common
non-free CAD and 3D modeling software are also capable of exporting the
required .STL files.
On some CAD and 3D modeling software you will need to select
millimeters as the output unit. If possible it is best to build your 3D design
in metric units rather than imperial units. Slic3r requires .STL files sized
in millimeters. If an .STL with inches as units is loaded into the Slic3r, the
model will be scaled much smaller than expected. You can scale the model
by 2540% to compensate. The software listed below outputs millimeters as
the unit by default.
FreeCAD
Website: http://free-cad.sourceforge.net
Although still in development, FreeCAD is a great free/libre CAD
application. Containing a full GUI for building CAD models, FreeCAD
is capable of creating simple to complex designs. STL files can also easily
be exported for use with 3D printing. FreeCAD is available for GNU/Linux,
Windows, and Mac. The latest development version is recommended.
OpenSCAD
Website: http://openscad.org
OpenSCAD is another free/libre CAD software; however, different than
FreeCAD, it is script based. Rather than using a GUI to generate CAD
designs, OpenSCAD CAD designs are created using script based renderings.
Users with programming experience would find this very useful. Also,
OpenSCAD uses a simple script language that is easy for users with little
or no programming experience to learn.
Blender
Website: http://blender.org
21
PROOF
Page 24
3D Printer Software
The most widely used free/libre 3D modeling software, Blender is well
documented with tutorials available on the Blender.org website as well as
found online.
Shapesmith
Website: http://shapesmith.net
Shapesmith is a web-based 3D modeling software. This means there is
no required software to get started designing models. Shapesmith is also a
great choice for anyone starting out in CAD/ 3D modeling.
1.6 Alternative Printer Host Software
OctoPrint
Website: http://octoprint.org/
Octoprint is a printer host that uses a web-based interface to access
and control the 3D printer. Added web-cam functionality allows for timelapse videos and a live stream. Octoprint will run on Windows, Apple and
Linux based computers and can even run well on a Beagle Bone Black or
a RaspberryPi (inexpensive business-card sized computers).
MatterControl
Website: http://www.mattercontrol.com/
MatterControl is another printer host that currently runs on Windows
and Apple computers. It features 2D and 3D model viewing, a print queue
and print file organization and searching.
22
PROOF
Page 25
Slic3r
PROOF
Page 26
Slic3r
2.1 Introduction
Overview
Slic3r is a tool which translates digital 3D models into instructions that
are understood by a 3D printer. It slices the model into horizontal layers
and generates suitable paths to fill them.
Slic3r is already bundled with the many of the most well-known host
software packages: Pronterface, Repetier-Host, ReplicatorG, and can be
used as a standalone program.
This manual will provide guidance on how to install, configure and
utilize Slic3r in order to produce excellent prints.
This portion of the manual is derived from the complete Slic3r manual.
It has been customized for TAZ users. The original unabridged version can
be found at manual.slic3r.org.
Goals & Philosophy
Slic3r is an original project started in 2011 by Alessandro Ranellucci (aka.
Sound), who used his considerable knowledge of the Perl language to create
a fast and easy to use application. Readability and maintainability of the
code are among the design goals.
The program is under constant refinement, from Alessandro and the
other contributors to the project, with new features and bug fixes being
released on a regular basis.
Donating
Slic3r started as a one-man job, developed solely by Alessandro in his
spare time, and as a freelance developer this has a direct cost for him.
By generously releasing Slic3r to the public as open source software, under
the GPL license, he has enabled many to benefit from his work.
The opportunity to say thank you via a donation exists. More details
can be found at: http://slic3r.org/donations.
24
PROOF
Page 27
2.2. GETTING SLIC3R
2.2 Getting Slic3r
Slic3r is Free Software, and is licensed under the GNU Affero General Public
License, version 3.
Downloading
From LulzBot
The Slic3r version that has been tested for the TAZ printer
can be downloaded from the LulzBot.com downloads page:
https://www.lulzbot.com/support/downloads.
Pre-compiled packages are available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.
Windows and Linux users can choose between 32 and 64 bit versions to
match their system.
Slic3r
Slic3r can be downloaded directly from: http://slic3r.org/download.
Pre-compiled packages are available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.
Windows and Linux users can choose between 32 and 64 bit versions to
match their system.
Manual
The latest version of full Slic3r manual, with LATEX source code, can be
found at: https://github.com/alexrj/Slic3r-Manual
Source
The source code is available via GitHub: https://github.com/alexrj/Slic3r.
For more details on building from source see §2.2 below.
Installing
Linux
Extract the archive to a folder of your choosing. Either:
25
PROOF
Page 28
Slic3r
• Start Slic3r directly by running the Slic3r executable, found in the
bin directory, or
• Install Slic3r by running the do-install executable, also found in the
bin folder.
The archive file may then be deleted.
Windows
Unzip the downloaded zip file to a folder of your choosing, there is no
installer script. The resulting folder contains two executables:
• slic3r.exe - starts the GUI version.
• slic3r-console.exe - can be used from the command line.
The zip file may then be deleted.
Mac OS X
Double-click the downloaded dmg file, an instance of Finder should open
together with an icon of the Slic3r program. Navigate to the Applications
directory and drag and drop the Slic3r icon into it. The dmg file may then
be deleted.
Building from source
For those wishing to live on the cutting edge, Slic3r can
be compiled from the latest source files found on GitHub
https://github.com/alexrj/Slic3r.
Up-to-date instructions for compiling and running from source can be
found on the Slic3r wiki.
2.3 First Print
Calibration
Before even attempting the first print it is vital that the printer is correctly
calibrated. Skipping or rushing this step will result in frustration and failed
26
PROOF
Page 29
2.3. FIRST PRINT
prints later, so it is important to take the time to make sure the machine
is correctly set up. Be sure to complete the Setup and First Print section
of this manual before moving forward with Slic3r.
If you are just beginning with 3D printing or Slic3r, LulzBot recommends starting with our pre-set Slic3r profiles. You can find the TAZ
Slic3r profiles at https://www.lulzbot.com/support/downloads. For
information on loading and export Slic3r profiles please see page 81. Note
that the pre-set profiles will only work correctly when Slic3r is in Expert
mode.
The pre-set profiles will give you Slic3r settings that will work great on
most designs. The Slic3r manual can be used as a reference in building
knowledge of Slic3r settings while using the pre-set profiles. Once you have
a number of prints completed you can use the Slic3r manual as a reference
to make small adjustments to the pre-set profiles or begin creating your
own profiles.
27
PROOF
Page 30
Slic3r
Configuration Wizard
Slic3r has two features to aid newcomers: the configuration wizard, and
simple mode.
Sometimes it is nice to have a helping hand when starting out with new
software. The configuration wizard asks a series of questions and creates a
configuration for Slic3r to start with.
When using the pre-set TAZ Slic3r profiles you do not need to complete
the Configuration Wizard. The Configuration Wizard can be later accessed
from the top menu once you are ready to start creating your own Slic3r
profiles.
Figure 2.1: Configuration Wizard: Welcome Screen
28
PROOF
Page 31
2.3. FIRST PRINT
1. Firmware Type
The gcode produced by Slic3r is tailored to particular types of firmware.
The first step prompts for the firmware that the printer uses. For the TAZ
printer select RepRap (Marlin/Sprinter)
Figure 2.2: Configuration Wizard: Firmware Type
29
PROOF
Page 32
Slic3r
2. Bed Size
This setting defines the maximum distance the extruder may travel along
the X and Y axis. The dimension for the TAZ print surface are X: 298 and
Y: 280.
Be sure to measure from the lower left corner where the extruder nozzle
rests when are the home position to the maximum distance the nozzle can
travel in each direction. Take into account that the X carriage may touch
the frame before the nozzle reaches it’s full distance, this will depend on
the printer make and model.
Figure 2.3: Configuration Wizard: Bed Size
30
PROOF
Page 33
2.3. FIRST PRINT
3. Nozzle Diameter
The diameter of the hot-end nozzle is usually clearly displayed either in
the description of the hot-end, or in the associated documentation, when
the hot-end is purchased. The default nozzle size on the TAZ hot end is
0.35mm.
If the nozzle was home-made, or came from a source without a diameter
given, then carefully measure the aperture as accurately as possible. One
way of determining nozzle size is to very slowly (1mm/s) extrude some
filament into free air and measure the thickness of the resulting extrusion1.
This has the benefit of taking die swell into account, and consequently may
be a useful thing to do even if the diameter is known.
Figure 2.4: Configuration Wizard: Nozzle Diameter
1
http://forums.reprap.org/read.php?1,113374,113953
31
PROOF
Page 34
Slic3r
4. Filament Diameter
For Slic3r to produce accurate results it must know as accurately as possible
how much material is pushed through the extruder. Therefore it is vital to
give it as precise a value as possible for the filament diameter.
Although the filament used in FDM printers is sold as being either
3mm or 1.75mm this is only a general guide. The diameter can vary
between manufacturers and even between batches. Therefore it is highly
recommended to take multiple measurements from along a length of the
filament and use the average. For example, measurements of 2.89, 2.88,
2.90 and 2.91 would yield an average of 2.895, and so this would be used.
Figure 2.5: Configuration Wizard: Filament Diamter
32
PROOF
Page 35
2.3. FIRST PRINT
5. Extrusion Temperature
The extrusion temperature will depend on the material, and most can
operate over a range of temperatures. The supplier should provide guidance
as to which temperatures are suitable. A very general rule of thumb is that
PLA lies between 160°C and 230°C, and ABS lies between 220°C and 240°C.
More exotic materials will have a different range.
This is one parameter which you will want to fine tune when you start
producing prints. The optimal temperature can vary even between colors of
the same material. Another factor which may affect the chosen temperature
is how fast the extrusion is, where generally faster extrusion runs hotter.
Note: One may choose to control the extruder temperature manually
from the printer controller. In this case the temperature can be set to zero.
Figure 2.6: Configuration Wizard: Extrusion Temperature
33
PROOF
Page 36
Slic3r
6. Bed Temperature
If the printer has a heated bed then this parameter may be set. As with
the extruder temperature, the value will depend on the material used. A
rule of thumb is that PLA requires 35°C - 60°C and ABS requires 85°C.
Note: One may choose to control the bed temperature manually from
the printer controller. In this case the temperature can be set to zero.
Figure 2.7: Configuration Wizard: Bed Temperature
34
PROOF
Page 37
2.3. FIRST PRINT
At this stage the wizard is complete and the basic configuration is
defined.
Figure 2.8: Configuration Wizard: End
35
PROOF
Page 38
Slic3r
The Important First Layer
Before delving into producing the first print it is worthwhile taking a little
detour to talk about the importance of getting the first layer right. As
many have found through trial and error, if the first layer is not the best it
can be then it can lead to complete failure, parts detaching, and warping.
There are several techniques and recommendations one can heed in order
to minimise the chance of this happening.
Level bed. Having a level bed is critical. If the distance between the nozzle
tip and the bed deviates by even a small amount it can result in either the
material not lying down on the bed (because the nozzle is too close and
scrapes the bed instead), or the material lying too high from the bed and
not adhering correctly.
Higher temperature. The extruder hot-end and bed, if it is heated, can be
made hotter for the first layer, thus decreasing the viscosity of the material
being printed. As a rule of thumb, an additonal 5° is recommended.
Lower speeds. Slowing down the extruder for the first layer reduces the
forces applied to the molten material as it emerges, reducing the chances
of it being stretched too much and not adhering correctly. 30% or 50% of
the normal speed is recommended.
Correctly calibrated extrusion rates. If too much material is laid down
then the nozzle may drag through it on the second pass, causing it to lift
off the bed (particularly if the material has cooled). Too little material
may result in the first layer coming loose later in the print, leading either
to detached objects or warping. For these reasons it is important to have
a well-calibrated extrusion rate as recommended in §2.3).
First layer height. A thicker layer height will provide more flow, and
consequently more heat, making the extrusion adhere to the bed more. It
also gives the benefit of giving more tolerance for the levelness of the bed.
It is recommended to raise the first layer height to match the diameter of
the nozzle, e.g. a first layer height of 0.35mm for a 0.35mm nozzle. Note:
The first layer height is set this way automatically in simple mode.
36
PROOF
Page 39
2.3. FIRST PRINT
Fatter extrusion width. The more material touching the bed, the better
the object will adhere to it, and this can be achieved by increasing the
extrusion width of the first layer, either by a percentage or a fixed amount.
Any spaces between the extrusions are adjusted accordingly.
A value of approximately 200% is usually recommended, but note that
the value is calculated from the layer height and so the value should only
be set if the layer height is the highest possible. For example, if the layer
height is 0.1mm, and the extrusion width is set to 200%, then the actual
extruded width will only be 0.2mm, which is smaller than the nozzle. This
would cause poor flow and lead to a failed print. It is therefore highly
recommended to combine the high first layer height technique recommended
above with this one. Setting the first layer height to 0.35mm and the first
extrusion width to 200% would result in a nice fat extrusion 0.65mm wide.
Bed material. Many options exist for the material to use for the bed, and
preparing the right surface can vastly improve first layer adhesion.
PLA is more forgiving and works well on PET, Kapton, or blue painters
tape.
ABS usually needs more cajoling and, whilst it can print well on
PET and Kapton, there are reports that people have success by applying
hairspray to the bed before printing. Others have reported that an ABS
slurry (made from dissolving some ABS in Acetone) thinly applied can also
help keep the print attached.
No cooling. Directly related with the above, it makes no sense to increase
the temperature of the first layer and still have a fan or other cooling
mechanism at work. Keeping the fan turned off for the first few layers is
generally recommended.
37
PROOF
Page 40
Slic3r
Working with Models
Yet another step lies between now and the first print - a model has to found
and then sliced.
Model Formats
Slic3r accepts the following file types.
• STereoLithography (STL) files can come from a wide variety of
sources and are now a de facto standard in 3D printing. The files
simply describe the surface geometry of a 3D object without any
additional information (such as color or material), and it is this
simplicity that has probably made the format ubiquitous.
• Wavefront OBJ files are an open format originally used in an animation application from Wavefront Technologies, but has since been
adopted by the wider 3D modelling community. It is similar to the
STL format.
• Additive Manufacturing File Format (AMF) was developed in response to the limited nature of the STL format. In addition to
describing the geometry of the 3D model it can also describe colors
and materials, as well as more complex attributes, such as gradient
mixes and multiple object arrangements (constellations). Whilst the
format is deemed a standard it has yet to be widely adopted in the
3D maker community.
Finding Models
The 3D model files may come from an online repository, such as Thingiverse2or GrabCAD3, or be created from a CAD program, such as
FreeCAD4, Sketchup5, or OpenSCAD6, or an online CAD tool such as
Shapesmith7.
2
http://www.thingiverse.com
3
http://grabcad.com
4
http://sourceforge.net/projects/free-cad
5
http://www.sketchup.com
6
http://www.openscad.org
7
http://shapesmith.net
38
PROOF
Page 41
2.3. FIRST PRINT
You may wish to view the files before slicing and there are many free
applications available, one of which is Meshlab8- a comprehensive tool for
viewing and working with 3D files.
Figure 2.9: Shapesmith online CAD tool.
Working with Plater
Slic3r has a tool, called Plater, which allows one or more models to be
loaded and arranged before being sliced.
8
http://www.meshlab.org
39
PROOF
Page 42
Slic3r
Figure 2.10: Plater
Once you have acquired a model, drag it onto the Plater window (or use
the Add button below the file list) to load it into Slic3r. In the figure below,
the traditional RepRap Minimug9is loaded, and is viewed from above. The
ring around the model is a skirt - a single perimeter, several millimeters
away from the model, which is extruded first. This is useful in making sure
the plastic is flowing smoothly from the nozzle when the model is starting
to be printed.
9
http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:18357
40
PROOF
Page 43
2.3. FIRST PRINT
Figure 2.11: Minimug model.
Figure 2.12: STL file loaded.
The model can be repositioned by dragging the representation of it on
the left of the screen around the bed. Note that the dimensions of the bed
should match your printer, as given during the initial configuration above.
41
PROOF
Page 44
Slic3r
On the right-hand side is the list of currently loaded files. The buttons
along the top of the file list allow you to arrange the models.
• More/Less - Adjust how many copies should be printed.
• 45°/Rotate - Rotate the selected model around the Z axis, either in
45° increments clockwise or counter-clockwise, or by a given amount.
• Scale - Increase or decrease the size of the printed model.
• Split - Divides a model which consists of more than one part into it’s
constituent parts, allowing each one to be arranged individually.
The buttons along the bottom of the file list allow you to add, remove,
auto-arrange, or export the models.
• Add - Opens a file dialog to add a model to the plater, as an
alternative to dropping a file directly.
• Delete/Delete All - Remove one or all models from the plater.
• Autoarrange - Attempt to arrange the models to give the optimal
layout.
• Export G-code - Starts slicing the model and produces a G-Code file.
• Export STL - Save the current set of models as a single STL file.
Cleaning STLs
If the 3D mesh described in the model contains holes, or edges are
misaligned (known as being non-manifold), then Slic3r may have problems
working on it. Slic3r will attempt to fix any problems it can, but some
problems are out of its reach. If the application complains that a model
cannot be sliced correctly then there are several options available: see the
chapter about Repairing Models.
42
PROOF
Page 45
2.4. SIMPLE MODE
Printing
At this stage Slic3r has been configured and a model has been acquired,
sliced and made ready for print. Now would be the time to fire up the
printer and try it out.
A variety of host software is available to send the G-code to the
printer. Amongst the open-source solutions are: Printrun10, Repetier
11
and Repsnapper12.
The following subsections will cover the options available in expert
mode, and look at advanced printing techniques, including special cases
and troubleshooting.
2.4 Simple Mode
Simple Mode
Slic3r has two modes of operation, Simple and Expert. These may be
chosen from the Preferences window (found under the File menu).
Figure 2.13: Preferences.
Simple mode offers a reduced set of options, enough for the beginner to
get started with. Expert mode gives more control over how Slic3r produces
the G-code and will be looked at later.
Print Settings
The Print Settings tab provides the opportunity to change settings
related to the actual print. Whereas the other tabs are changed rarely,
the settings on this tab will be modified regularly, possibly for each model
printed.
10
https://github.com/kliment/Printrun
11
http://www.repetier.com/
12
https://github.com/timschmidt/repsnapper
43
PROOF
Page 46
Slic3r
Figure 2.14: Simple Mode: Print Settings.
General. Layer height is the thickness of each layer, and it is the step
along the vertical axis taken before extruding a new layer atop the previous
one. There are several factors that influence how high each layer should
be:
• Desired resolution - Lower layer height should result in prints with
less noticeable ribs or bands, as each layer is smaller. Aesthetics plays
a role here, but also the type of model, for example, a mechanical part
may not need such a high resolution finish, whereas a presentation
piece may do so.
44
PROOF
Page 47
2.4. SIMPLE MODE
• Print speed - Shorter layers will result in smoother prints but each
print will take longer, simply because the extruder must trace the
pattern more times. A later goal will be to strike a balance between
layer height, the speed of the printer, and the quality of the resulting
print.
Perimeters defines the minimum number of vertical shells (i.e. walls) a
print will have. Unless the model requires single width walls it is generally
recommended to have a minimum of two perimeters as this gives some
insurance that if a subsection of the perimeter is not printed correctly then
the second perimeter will help cover it.
The upper and lowermost layers that sandwich the model are filled with
a Solid layers pattern. For the bottom layers the important factor to
consider is how the surface will look should there be a mistake whilst laying
down the first layer, and for this reason it is recommended to have at least
two bottom layers.
A similar consideration is required for the top layers. Because the
intermediate layers are likely to be filled with a pattern set less than 100%
then the covering layers will have to bridge this pattern and this can require
more than one pass to cover completely.
Figure 2.15: An example of insufficient top layers.
45
PROOF
Page 48
Slic3r
Another tip to consider: Setting the top solid layer to zero, and setting
the infill also to zero, will result in a hollow receptacle, ideal for turning
models into vases13for example. Here manipulating the settings within
Slic3r can be used to generate different kinds of prints, and not only be
used to control surface accuracy.
Figure 2.16: Creating a vase from a solid model.
Infill. Fill density is defined on a scale of between 0 and 1, where 1 is
100% and 0.4 would be 40%. For the majority of cases it makes no sense to
100% fill the model with plastic, this would be a waste of material and take
a long time. Instead, most models can be filled with less material which is
then sandwiched between layers filled at 100% (see Solid layers above).
A density value of 0.4 is enough to give almost all models good
mechanical strength. A value of 0.2 is usually the minimum required to
support flat ceilings.
Slic3r offers several fill patterns which will be discussed in more depth
in subsection 2.5 - Infill Choices. Choosing a Fill pattern will depend
on the kind of model, the desired structural strength, print speed, and
personal taste. The more exotic fill methods are usually too slow and
unnecessarily complex for most use cases, and so most of the time the infill
13
http://slic3r.org/blog/tip-printing-vases
46
PROOF
Page 49
2.4. SIMPLE MODE
pattern is either rectilinear, line, or honeycomb. Honeycomb gives the
most strength but is slower than both rectilinear or line.
Support material. Printing a model from the bottom up, as with FDM,
means that any significant overhangs will be printed in the air, and most
likely droop or not print correctly. Choosing support material (Generate
support material) will add additional structures around the model which
will build up to then support the overhanging part. The Pattern spacing
option determines how dense the support material is printed.
Figure 2.17: An example of an object printed with support material.
Tip: It is sometimes worth considering altering the orientation of the
model in order to possibly reduce overhangs.
Raft layers will add additional layers underneath the model and stems
from the early days of 3D printing. It can help with prints without a heated
bed, or where the bed is not very flat, but it is usually not required and is
not recommended. The raft also requires post-processing to remove it.
Speed. In simple mode there are only three speed settings to consider:
• Perimeters - The outline of the model may benefit from being
printed slightly slower so that the outside skin of the print has fewer
blemishes.
47
PROOF
Page 50
Slic3r
• Infill - As the infill is hidden this can be extruded a little faster.
Take care though not to go too fast as higher speeds results in thinner
extrusions, and this may affect how the extrusions bond.
• Travel - The jump between the end of one extrusion and the next
should usually be performed as quickly as the printer will allow in
order to minimise any mess caused by material oozing from the nozzle.
Brim. Brim width is used to add more perimeters to the first layer, as a
base flange, in order to provide more surface area for the print to stick to
the bed with in order to reduce warping (see §2.3). The brim is then cut
away once the print is finished and removed from the bed.
Figure 2.18: An example of brim.
Sequential Printing. This feature allows to compose a plate of objects but
have the printer complete each one individually before going back to Z
= 0 and starting with the next one. See the subsection about Sequential
Printing in the Advanced Topics chapter.
Filament Settings
The Filament Settings will normally be used infrequently, for example
on receipt of a new roll of filament.
48
PROOF
Page 51
2.4. SIMPLE MODE
Figure 2.19: Simple Mode: Filament Settings.
Filament. The Diameter setting will already have been filled from the
value given during the wizard (see p.32), but can be updated here.
The Extrusion multiplier setting allows the fine tuning of the
extrusion flow rate, and is is given as a factor, e.g. 1 means 100%, 1.5
would mean 150%. Whilst the value should ideally be set in the firmware
it can be useful to test slight changes to the rate by altering this value. It
varies the amount of plastic proportionally and should be changed in very
small steps (e.g. +/- 0.05) as the effects are very visible.
Temperature. These values are also filled from the wizard, but here the
opportunity exists to set the temperature for the first layer (see p.36).
Printer Settings
The Printer Settings will be updated the least, unless Slic3r is going to
be used for many printers, for example, in a 3D printer farm.
49
PROOF
Page 52
Slic3r
Figure 2.20: Simple Mode: Printer Settings.
Size and coordinates. The Bed size setting is taken from the wizard (see
p.30) and is only used for previewing the model in the plater.
The Print center is the point around which the print will be centered.
A Bed size of 200mmx200mm and a Print center of 100mmx100mm
would sit the print in the middle. Should it be desired to print away from
the center, because of a scratch in the glass perhaps, then this option should
be used.
Z offset can be used to compensate for an incorrectly calibrated Z
end-stop. If the nozzle stops slightly too far from the bed, then adding a
50
PROOF
Page 53
2.4. SIMPLE MODE
negative value will offset all layers by that amount. The correct solution
however is to fix the end-stop itself.
The optimal Z endstop position is where the nozzle tip barely touches
the surface of the bed when homed. A sheet of paper makes a good gauge
for this very small distance. It is not recommended to use this setting to
try and improve layer adhesion, by ”squashing” the bottom layer into the
bed, instead look at the suggestions in subsection 2.3.
Firmware. As selected in the wizard (see p.29), G-code flavour defines
the dialect of G-code generated.
Extruder. Nozzle diameter was defined in the wizard (see p.31).
Retraction. Unless the material being extruded has a very high viscosity
it may ooze between extrusions due to gravity. This can be remedied by
actively retracting the filament between extrusions. Setting the Length
parameter to a positive value will cause the filament to be reversed by that
many millimeters before travel. The retraction will then be compensated
for by the same amount after the travel move, before starting the new
extrusion path.
A value of between 1 and 2mm is usually recommended. Bowden
extruders may need up to 4 or 5mm due to the hysteresis introduced by
the tube. Setting the Lift Z parameter to a positive value will raise the
entire extruder on the Z axis by that many millimeters during each travel.
This can be useful to ensure the nozzle will not catch on any already laid
filament, however it is usually not necessary and will slow the print speed.
A value of 0.1mm is usually sufficient.
Start, End and Layer Chance G-codes. Custom G-code commands can be
run before a print starts and after a print finishes.
Placeholders can be inserted in the G-code commands14. For example
[next_extruder] would return the index of the next extruder.
The RepRap wiki is a good resource to learn about the variety of Gcodes available: http://reprap.org/wiki/G-code.
Note: Be sure to check that a given G-code is valid for your firmware.
14
https://github.com/alexrj/Slic3r/wiki/FAQ#what-placeholders-can-i-use-in-
custom-g-code
51
PROOF
Page 54
Slic3r
The codes specified in Start G-code are inserted at the beginning of the
output file, directly after the temperature control commands for extruder
and bed. Note that if temperature control commands are specified (M104
and M190) then these will replace the temperature G-codes introduced by
the Filament settings.
Some common G-codes to use before the print starts are:
• G28 - Homes all the axes.
Some common G-codes to use after the print ends are:
• M104 S0 - Sets the extruder temperature to zero.
• M140 S0 - Sets the heated bed temperature to zero.
• G28 X0 - Home the X axis.
• M84 - Disables the motors.
2.5 Expert Mode
Speed
Once the printer is reliably producing good quality prints it may be
desirable to increase the speed. Doing this provides several benefits, the
most obvious of which is that the results are produced quicker, but also
faster print times can be utilised in producing more layers, i.e. lower layer
height, thus improving perceived print quality. An additional benefit is
that a faster travel movement, between extrusions, can reduce the effects
of oozing.
The best approach is to increment the various speed parameters in
small steps and observe the effect each change has on print quality. Travel
speed is a safe starting point, and it is not unrealistic to attain speeds
of up to 250mm/s (if your printer can handle it). Adjusting the speed of
perimeters, infill is available in simple mode, and the general rule is to have
the perimeter go a little slower than the infill in order to reduce possible
blemishes on the surface (infill can be faster because slight gaps will not
matter as much).
Expert mode offers more parameters to fine tune printer speeds. Differentiation between external, small and other perimeters, infill locations,
52
PROOF
Page 55
2.5. EXPERT MODE
and bridges and gaps are available, as well as the ability to slow down for
the first layer.
Figure 2.21: Expert mode speed options.
Where indicated a value can be given in percentage. This is in relation
to the preceding value, e.g. 50% solid infill would be half of the value
defined for infill.
A few general guidelines for each option:
• Perimeters - In expert mode this parameter can be increased slightly
as the External perimeters option can be used to ensure blemish
free external faces.
53
PROOF
Page 56
Slic3r
• Small perimeters - Meant for holes, islands and fine details, a slower
speed here is recommended.
• External perimeters - A slightly slower value may ensure cleaner
surfaces.
• Infill - As fast as you can without compromising the integrity of the
fill structure. Faster extrusions can break and result in weak spots.
• Solid infill - The bottom of the model, and any additional solid
layers is usually slightly slower than infill but faster than perimeters.
• Top solid infill - Allow time for the extrusion to cleanly cover
the previous top layers and result in a tidy top surface. The last few
layers should have bridged the infill structure nicely, preparing the
way for a neat finish.
• Support material - Generally support structures are quick and dirty,
and so long as the base is adequately supported they can be built as
quickly as they can.
• Bridges - Having the extrusion span distances depends on the
material and cooling. Going too slow will result in sagging, too fast
will result in broken strands. Experimentation is the key here, but
generally bridging runs slower than perimeters.
• Gap fill - Filling in small gaps results in the extruder quickly
oscillating and the resulting shaking and resonance could have a
detrimental affect on the printer. A smaller value here can guard
against this. A setting of zero disables gap filling completely.
• Travel - As fast as your printer will allow in order to minimise ooze.
• First layer speed - As mentioned in subsection 2.3, the first layer is
important to lay down correctly, and a slower pace helps enormously.
Setting a value of 50%, or even less, can really help.
Acceleration control is an advanced setting allowing acceleration
settings for perimeters, infill, bridge, as well as a default setting, to be
made. Deciding which values to set depends on the capabilities of the
machine. Any settings within the firmware may be a good starting point.
54
PROOF
Page 57
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Take into account any restrictions enforced by the firmware as many
have settings for the maximum safe speed of each axis.
55
PROOF
Page 58
Slic3r
Infill Patterns and Density
There are several considerations when choosing an infill pattern: object
strength, time and material, personal preference. It can be inferred that a
more complex pattern will require more moves, and hence take more time
and material.
Figure 2.22: Infill pattern settings.
Slic3r offers several infill patterns, four regular, and three more exotic
flavours. The numbers given in brackets below each figure are a rough
estimate of material used and time taken for a simple 20mm cube model15.
Note that this is only indicative, as model complexity and other factors
will affect time and material.
Figure 2.23: Infill pattern: Line (344.51mm / 5m:20s)
Figure 2.24: Infill pattern: Rectilinear (350.57mm / 5m:23s)
15
Taken from http://gcode.ws
56
PROOF
Page 59
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Figure 2.25: Infill pattern: Concentric (351.80mm / 5m:30s)
Figure 2.26: Infill pattern: Honeycomb (362.73mm / 5m:39s)
Figure 2.27: Infill pattern: Hilbert Curve (332.82mm / 5m:28s)
Figure 2.28: Infill pattern: Archimedean Chords (333.66mm / 5m:27s)
57
PROOF
Page 60
Slic3r
Figure 2.29: Infill pattern: Octagram Spiral (318.63mm / 5m:15s)
Certain model types are more suited for a particular pattern, for example organic versus mechanical types. Figure 2.30 shows how a honeycomb
fill may suit this mechanical part better because each hexagon bonds with
the same underlying pattern each layer, forming a strong vertical structure.
Figure 2.30: Infill pattern comparison in a complex object. Left to Right:
honeycomb, line
Most models require only a low density infill, as providing more than,
say, 50% will produce a very tightly packed model which uses more material
than required. For this reason a common range of patterns is between 10%
and 30%, however the requirements of the model will determine which
density is best. Figure 2.31 shows how the patterns change as the density
increases.
58
PROOF
Page 61
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Figure 2.31: Infill patterns at varying densities. Left to Right:
20%,40%,60%,80%. Top to Bottom: Honeycomb, Concentric, Line, Rectilinear, Hilbert Curve, Archimedean Chords, Octagram Spiral
59
PROOF
Page 62
Slic3r
Infill Optimization
Slic3r contains several advanced infill settings which can help produce
better extrusions.
Figure 2.32: Infill advanced settings.
• Infill every n layers - Will produce sparse vertical infill by
skipping a set number of layers. This can be used to speed up print
times where the missing infill is acceptable.
• Only infill where needed - Slic3r will analyse the model and
choose where infill is required in order to support internal ceilings
and overhangs. Useful for reducing time and materials.
• Solid infill every n layers - Forces a solid fill pattern on the
specified layers. Zero will disable this option.
• Fill angle - By default the infill pattern runs at 45° to the model to
provide the best adhesion to wall structures. Infill extrusions that run
adjacent to perimeters are liable to de-laminate under stress. Some
models may benefit from rotating the fill angle to ensure the optimal
direction of the extrusion.
• Solid infill threshold area - Small areas within the model are
usually best off being filled completely to provide structural integrity.
This will however take more time and material, and can result in parts
being unnecessarily solid. Adjust this option to balance these needs.
60
PROOF
Page 63
2.5. EXPERT MODE
• Only retract when crossing perimeters - Retracting, to prevent
ooze, is unnecessary if the extruder remains within the boundaries
of the model. Care should be taken if the print material oozes
excessively, as not retracting may result in enough material loss to
affect the quality of the subsequent extrusion. However, most modern
printers and materials rarely suffer from such extreme ooze problems.
• Infill before perimeters - Reverses the order in which the layer
is printed. Usually the perimeter is laid down initially, followed by
the infill, and this is usually the preferable as the perimeter acts as a
wall containing the infill.
Fighting Ooze
Unless the material being extruded has a very high viscosity it will ooze
from the nozzle in between extrusions. There are several settings in Slic3r
to which can help to remedy this.
The retraction settings, found in the Printer tab, tell the printer to pull
back the filament between extrusion moves. This can alleviate the pressure
in the nozzle, thus reducing ooze. After the subsequent travel move the
retraction is reversed to prepare the extruder for the next extrusion.
Figure 2.33: Retraction settings.
• Length - The number of millimeters to retract. Note that the
measurement is taken from the raw filament entering the extruder.
A value of between 1 and 2mm is usually recommended. Bowden
61
PROOF
Page 64
Slic3r
extruders may need up to 4 or 5mm due to the hysteresis introduced
by the tube.
• Lift Z - Raises the entire extruder on the Z axis by that many
millimeters during each travel. This can be useful to ensure the nozzle
will not catch on any already laid filament, however it is usually not
necessary and will slow the print speed. A value of 0.1mm is usually
sufficient.
• Speed - The speed at which the extruder motor will pull back the
filament. The value should be set to as quick as the extruder can
handle without skipping steps, and it is worth experimenting with
this value to find the quickest retraction possible.
• Extra length on restart - Adds an extra length of filament after
the retraction is compensated after the travel move. This setting
is rarely used, however should the print show signs of not having
enough material after travel moves then it may be useful to add a
small amount of additional material.
• Minimum travel after retraction - Triggering a retraction after
very short moves is usually unnecessary as the amount of ooze is
usually insignificant and it slows down the print times. Set the
number of millimeters minimum distance the nozzle must move before
considering a retraction. If the printer handles ooze well this can be
increased to 5 or 6mm.
• Retract on layer change - Movement along the Z axis must also
be considered when dealing with oozing, otherwise blobs may occur.
It is recommended to leave this setting on.
• Wipe before retract - Moves the nozzle whilst retracting so as to
reduce the chances of a blob forming.
Additionally there are several settings in the Print tab which can help
control oozing.
• Only retract when crossing perimeters (Infill) - Tells Slic3r to
only retract if the nozzle will cross the threshold of the current island
being extruded. Slight ooze within the walls of a part are not seen
and can usually be accepted.
62
PROOF
Page 65
2.5. EXPERT MODE
• Avoid crossing perimeters (Layers and perimeters - Advanced)
- Will force the nozzle to follow perimeters as much as possible
to minimise the number of times it must cross them when moving
around, and between, islands. This has a negative impact on both
G-code generation and print times.
• Randomize starting points (Layers and perimeters - Vertical
shells) - As the extruder moves up to the start of the next layer
any ooze can result in blobs. If the same start point is used for every
layer then a seam can form the length of the object. This setting will
move the start point to a different location for each layer.
See also subsection: Sequential Printing, on page 84 for another tech-
nique which can minimise strings forming between objects.
Skirt
The Skirt setting adds an extrusion a short distance away from the
perimiter of the object. This can ensure that the material is flowing
smoothly from the extruder before it starts on the model proper.
Figure 2.34: Skirt settings.
• Loops - How many circuits should be completed before starting on
the model. One loop is usually sufficient.
• Distance from object - The millimeters between the object and
the skirt. The default of 6mm is usually sufficient.
• Skirt height - The number of layers to lay down a skirt for. For
ensuring the material is flowing smoothly, one layer is sufficient,
63
PROOF
Page 66
Slic3r
however the skirt function can also be used to build walls around
the object in case it should be protected from drafts.
• Minimum extrusion length - Dictates a minimum number of millimeters that the skirt should be, should the loop around the object
not be enough.
Cooling
Temperature plays a key part in determining print quality. Too hot and
the material deforms, too cool and layer adhesion may be problematic.
Applying cooling will allow the freshly deposited material to solidify enough
to provide a good base for the next layer, helping with overhangs, small
details and bridges.
There are two main techniques for cooling: adding a fan and slowing
down the print speed. Slic3r may choose to use both techniques, using a
fan first, and then slowing down the print if the layer time is too fast.
Figure 2.35: Cooling strategy.
64
PROOF
Page 67
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Figure 2.35 shows the strategy adopted by Slic3r. Reading from right
to left, when the minimum fan threshold (#2) is reached the fan is turned
on. This increases in intensity as the layer time decreases. The print
speed remains constant until the estimated print time drops below a certain
threshold (#1), this is when the print speed is reduced until it reaches it’s
minimum value.
Fans
Most electronics and firmware allow the addition of a fan via a spare
connector. These can then be instructed with G-code, from Slic3r, to turn
on or off as the model requires, and to rotate at different speeds.
Care should be taken with the positioning of the fan so that it does
not cool any heated bed more than necessary. It should also not cool the
heater block of the hot-end so as not to force it to do more work and waste
energy. The air movement should aim for the nozzle tip, flowing over the
freshly extruded material.
A duct may help in guiding the flow correctly, and there are several
designs available online, for a wide variety of printers.
Slowing Down
Slic3r can tell the printer to slow down if the estimated layer time is above
a certain threshold.
Care must be taken as the intended effect could be mitigated by the
nozzle not moving far enough away from the fresh extrusion, a problem
with small, detailed layers. For this reason it is usually recommended to
use a fan where possible.
Configuring
In simple mode Slic3r will attempt to choose the optimal settings for both
fans and speed. Expert mode gives more granular options.
65
PROOF
Page 68
Slic3r
Figure 2.36: Cooling advanced settings.
• Fan speed - Determines the minimum and maximum speeds - useful
for fans that run too fast by default.
• Bridges fan speed - As the material stretches over wide gaps, it
makes sense to try and cool it as much as possible, therefore a full
fan speed is recommended.
• Disable fan for first n layers - Section 2.3 detailed how
important the first layer is, and so it makes sense not to apply the
fan until sure the print is securely attached to the bed. Keeping the
fan turned off for the first two or three layers is a good idea.
• Keep fan always on - Overrides any other choices and has the fan
run continuously, at least at the minimum speed setting. This can be
useful when printing with PLA, but is not recommended for ABS.
• Enable fan if print time is below t seconds - Triggers the fan
if the layer will be completed within the given number of seconds.
66
PROOF
Page 69
2.5. EXPERT MODE
• Slow down if layer print time is below t seconds - Slows
down the print if the layer will be completed within the given number
of seconds.
• Min print speed - A lower limit on how slowly a layer can be printed.
Support Material
Generally, most 3D models will print with overhanging parts by up to a
certain degree. The angle is determined by several factors, most notably
layer height and extrusion width, and is usually around 45°. For models
with larger overhangs a support structure may have to be printed below it.
This incurs the use of more material, longer print times, and post printing
clean-up.
Figure 2.37: Support structure options.
The first thing to do is activate the support material option by checking
the Generate support material box. Providing a value of zero to the
Overhang threshold parameter tells Slic3r to detect places to provide
67
PROOF
Page 70
Slic3r
support automatically, otherwise the degrees given will be used. Support
generation is a relatively complex topic, and there are several aspects
which determine the optimal support, it is strongly recommended to set
the threshold to zero and allow Slic3r to determine the support required.
Small models, and those with small footprints, can sometimes break or
detach from the bed. Therefore the Enforce support option will cause
support structures to be printed for the given number of layers, regardless
of the angle threshold value.
To demonstrate the infill patterns the minimug model was tilted by 45°
along the x axis, as shown in figure 2.38.
Figure 2.38: Minimug model, tilted 45°.
As with infill, there are several patterns available for the support
structure.
68
PROOF
Page 71
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Figure 2.39: Support infill pattern: Rectilinear
Figure 2.40: Support infill pattern: Rectilinear Grid
Figure 2.41: Support infill pattern: Honeycomb
Pattern Spacing determines the distance between support lines, and
is akin to infill density apart from being defined only in mm. If changing
this attribute take into account the width of the support extrusion and the
amount of support material that will adhere to the object.
Care should be taken to choose a support pattern which matches the
model, where the support material attaches perpendicularly to the wall of
the object, rather than in parallel, so it will be easy to remove. If the
support structure does run along the length of a wall then the Pattern
Angle option allows the direction of the support lines to be rotated.
69
PROOF
Page 72
Slic3r
Figure 2.42: Example of pattern angle rotated 45°.
Multiple Extruders
A printer with more than one extruder can be used in different ways: The
additional extruder could print a different color or material; or it could be
assigned to print particular features, such as infill, support or perimeters.
Multi-material printing requires a suitably designed object usually
written in AMF format as this can handle multiple materials (see Model
Formats in §2.3). Details on how to create such a file are given below.
Configuring Extruders
In the Printer Settings tab there is an Extruders option, under
Capabilities, which allows the number of extruders to be defined. Incrementing this value will dynamically add another extruder definition to
the left-hand pane.
70
PROOF
Page 73
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Figure 2.43: Multiple extruder options - Printer Settings Tab (General).
Note the two extruders defined in the left-hand pane.
Each extruder can be configured as usual, however there are additional
settings which must be set which are particular to multi-extruder setups.
Figure 2.44: Multiple extruder options - Printer Settings Tab (Extruder).
The Extruder offset is to be used should the firmware not handle
the displacement of each additional nozzle. Your firmware documentation
should tell you if this is the case. Each additional extruder is given an
offset in relation to the first one. If the firmware does handle this then all
offsets can remain at 0,0.
71
PROOF
Page 74
Slic3r
Because the secondary extruder will be dormant whilst the first is
working, and vice-versa, it is important that the material is sufficiently
retracted to stop oozing. As with the regular retraction settings (see p.61)
the Length options is measured from the raw filament entering the extruder.
Assigning Filaments
When a printer profile with multiple extruders has been selected the Plater
tab allows the selection of a different filament for each extruder.
Figure 2.45: Plater with multiple filament options.
Assigning Extruders for Single-material Objects
For single material prints, where the secondary extruder is to be tasked with
a particular extrusion, the Multiple Extruders subsection of the Print
Settings tab gives the ability to assign an extruder to each extrusion type.
72
PROOF
Page 75
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Figure 2.46: Multiple extruder options - Print Settings Tab.
Configuring Tool Changes
The Custom G-code subsection of the Printer Settings tab has an option
for inserting G-code between tool changes. As with all custom G-code
subsections, placeholder variables can be used to reference Slic3r settings.
This includes the [previous_extruder] and [next_extruder] variables.
Figure 2.47: Multiple extruder options - Tool change G-code.
73
PROOF
Page 76
Slic3r
Printing Multi-material Objects
If a multi-material AMF file already exists, because the CAD program can
export such a format, then this can be loaded into Slic3r in the usual way.
The mapping between object materials and extruders is sequential, i.e. the
first material is assigned to the first extruder, etc.
Generating multi-material AMF files
Slic3r has the feature to combine multiple STL files into a multi-material
AMF file.
• Split the original design into the separate parts within the CAD
program, and export each part as STL.
• Within Slic3r, choose Combine multi-material STL files... from
the File menu.
• When prompted with a file dialog, choose the first STL, which will
be assigned the first material (and hence the first extruder). Click
Open to be prompted for the next STL, and so on until each STL is
assigned a material. To signal there are no more STL files, choose
Cancel.
• The following file dialog prompts for the location and name of the
AMF file.
Once generated the file can be loaded and printed as described above.
74
PROOF
Page 77
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Extrusion Width
Figure 2.48: Extrusion widths options.
One reason for modifying the extrusion width has already been discussed:
increasing first layer extrusion width in order to improve bed adhesion (see
p.37). There are some further cases where it may be beneficial to modify
extrusion widths.
• Perimeter - A lower value will produce thinner extrusions which in
turn will produce more accurate surfaces.
• Infill and Solid Infill - A thicker extrusion for infill will produce
faster prints and stronger parts.
• Top infill - A thinner extrusion will improve surface finish and
ensure corners are tightly filled.
• Support material - As with the infill options, a thicker extrusion
will speed up print time.
75
PROOF
Page 78
Slic3r
It is important to remember that if the extrusion width is expressed as
a percentage then this is computed from the Layer height property, and
not the Default extrusion width setting.
Variable Layer Height
Slic3r gives the ability to adjust the layer height between arbitrary positions
along the Z axis. That is, parts of the model could be printed with a
coarse layer height, for example vertical subsections, and other parts could
be printed with a finer layer height, for example sloping gradients where
layering appears more pronounced.
The model in fig. 2.49 gives a rudimentary example of where variable
layer heights could be used to improve print quality. The walls of the
structure need not be rendered in high definition for acceptable quality,
however the sloping roof shows layer artifacts as the layer height of 0.4mm
is too coarse, particularly for the very top, which is flattened. This is shown
in the G-Code rendering in fig 2.50.
Figure 2.49: Example model highlighting use case for variable layer heights.
76
PROOF
Page 79
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Figure 2.50: Example with normal layer height.
The variable layer height options are available by double clicking on a
part name in the Plater window. This will cause a pop-up window to be
displayed which contains two tabs. The first gives some information about
the model, as shown in fig. 2.51.
77
PROOF
Page 80
Slic3r
Figure 2.51: Variable layer height options - Info.
It is worth noting the height of the model, as this will be useful when
calculating the maximum Z height.
The second tab (fig. 2.52) presents a table where each row defines a
layer height for a particular range along the Z axis, given in millimeters.
In this example the walls of the model are printed at 0.4mm, the steeper
parts of the roof are printed at 0.2mm, and the less steep at 0.15mm. Note
that each range divides exactly by the given layer height so there are no
”gaps” between subsections.
78
PROOF
Page 81
2.5. EXPERT MODE
Figure 2.52: Variable layer height options - Layers.
The resulting G-Code (fig. 2.53) shows a higher definition which should
result in a higher quality print.
Figure 2.53: Example with variable layer height.
79
PROOF
Page 82
Slic3r
Fig. 2.54 shows the example model printed. The print on the left has
0.4mm layer height throughout, whereas the print on the right has the
variable layer height.
Figure 2.54: Example print with variable layer height.
An additional feature of the variable layers height option is that by
entering a zero for a range that part of the model will not be printed. Fig.
2.55 shows the G-Code where layers between 0 and 4mm are skipped. This
is a useful way of dividing a tall model into multiple, shorter subsections
which can be printed individually and assembled afterwards.
Figure 2.55: Example with skipped layers.
80
PROOF
Page 83
2.6. CONFIGURATION ORGANIZATION
2.6 Configuration Organization
There are two ways in which to organize the configuration settings: exporting and importing the configuration settings, and profiles. The former is
available in both simple and expert mode, whereas profiles is only available
in expert mode.
Exporting and Importing Configuration
The current set of configuration options can be simply exported via the
Export Config File menu option. This saves all the values into a text file
with a .ini extension. Previously saved files can be loaded with the Load
Config menu option.
This gives a rudimentary means to store different configuration settings
for different needs. For example a set with slightly faster print speeds, or a
different infill pattern. However this way of organizing things will quickly
become frustrating, as each minor change to a parameter may have to be
duplicated across many configurations. For this reason, profiles are a more
suitable way of managing multiple configurations.
This method also allows configuration to be transferred between machines, or stored remotely.
Profiles
After a few prints it will become apparent that it is worth having a set
of configuration options to choose from, and that some parameters change
at different rates as others. In expert mode, profiles can be created for
Print, Filament and Printer settings, with the expectation that the printer
settings change least often, filament rarely, and the print settings could be
changed for each model. These different profiles can be mixed and matched
as desired, and can be selected either in their respective tabs, or directly
from the plater.
Creating Profiles
Open the desired tab and change the settings as necessary. Once satisfied,
click the save icon to the left above the setting titles, and give a suitable
name when prompted.
81
PROOF
Page 84
Slic3r
Figure 2.56: Saving a profile.
Profiles can be deleted by choosing the profile to delete and clicking the
red delete button next to the save button.
Figure 2.57: Deleting a profile.
82
PROOF
Page 85
2.7. REPAIRING MODELS
2.7 Repairing Models
If the 3D mesh described in the model contains holes, or edges are
misaligned (known as being non-manifold), then Slic3r may have problems
working on it. Slic3r will attempt to fix any problems it can, but some
problems are out of its reach. If the application complains that a model
cannot be sliced correctly then there are several options available, and the
ones described here are all free at the time of writing.
FreeCAD Freecad16is a comprehensive, and free, CAD program which
comes with a mesh module, in which repairs to degenerate models can be
made. The following steps outline how a problem model file can be analysed
and repaired.
Figure 2.58: FreeCAD part repair.
• Start FreeCAD and from the start splash page choose Working with
Meshes.
• Load the model by dragging and dropping it onto the workspace or
via the File menu. A small message in the bottom left corner will
indicate if the model appears to have problems.
16
http://sourceforge.net/projects/free-cad
83
PROOF
Page 86
Slic3r
• From the menu choose Meshes->Analyze->Evaluate & Repair mesh
to bring up the repair options dialog.
• From the options dialog choose the loaded mesh, then perform each
analysis be clicking the Analyze button by each problem type, or
select Repetitive Repair at the bottom to perform all checks.
If a corresponding problem is detected the Repair button becomes
enabled.
• For each desired repair hit the Repair button.
• It is important to review the effect the repair script has made to the
model. It may be the case that the script damages the file, rather
than repair, for example by removing important triangles.
• Export the repaired model via the Export menu option or context
menu.
2.8 Advanced Topics
Sequential Printing
When printing several objects at once it can be useful to print each one
separately as this will minimise oozing and strings running between the
prints. It will also decrease the risk of a problem ruining the entire print if one part detaches or fails in some way, it will not be dragged into other
parts of the print during each layer.
Figure 2.59: Sequential printing options.
Care has to be taken that the nozzle and extruder does not interfere
with already printed parts. Slic3r should warn if it detects the nozzle or
extruder will collide with a part, but double check that the layout of the
84
PROOF
Page 87
2.8. ADVANCED TOPICS
parts will not cause problems. The Extruder clearance parameters help
Slic3r detect potential collisions:
• Radius - The clearance that should be given around the extruder.
Take care if the extruder is not mounted centrally - take the largest
safe value.
• Height - The vertical distance between the nozzle tip and the X axis
rods, or lowest part which may interfere with a finished print.
Figure 2.60: The clearance cylinder around an extruder.
85
PROOF
Page 88
Slic3r
Command Line Usage
Slic3r can also be used from the command line instead of via the GUI, as
part of a script, or as part of another tool, such as Printrun17.
All options found in the GUI can be used from the command line in the
form of switch parameters. The latest version of these are given below, and
the most up-to-date information can be found by issuing the command:
perl slic3r.pl --help
Preset configurations can be loaded from a .ini file using the --load
option, and options can be overridden further on the command line, e.g.
perl slic3r.pl --load config.ini --layer-height 0.25
file.stl
Command Line Options
Usage: slic3r.pl [ OPTIONS ] file.stl
--help Output this usage screen and exit
--version Output the version of Slic3r and exit
--save <file> Save configuration to the specified file
--load <file> Load configuration from the specified file. It can be used
more than once to load options from multiple files.
-o, --output <file> File to output gcode to (by default, the file will be saved
into the same directory as the input file using the
--output-filename-format to generate the filename)
-j, --threads <num> Number of threads to use (1+, default: 2)
GUI options:
--no-plater Disable the plater tab
--gui-mode Overrides the configured mode (simple/expert)
Output options:
--output-filename-format
Output file name format; all config options enclosed in brackets
will be replaced by their values, as well as [input_filename_base]
and [input_filename] (default: [input_filename_base].gcode)
--post-process Generated G-code will be processed with the supplied script;
call this more than once to process through multiple scripts.
--export-svg Export a SVG file containing slices instead of G-code.
-m, --merge If multiple files are supplied, they will be composed into a single
print rather than processed individually.
Printer options:
--nozzle-diameter Diameter of nozzle in mm (default: 0.5)
--print-center Coordinates in mm of the point to center the print around
(default: 100,100)
--z-offset Additional height in mm to add to vertical coordinates
(+/-, default: 0)
17
https://github.com/kliment/Printrun
86
PROOF
Page 89
2.8. ADVANCED TOPICS
--gcode-flavor The type of G-code to generate
(reprap/teacup/makerbot/sailfish/mach3/no-extrusion, default: reprap)
--use-relative-e-distances Enable this to get relative E values
--gcode-arcs Use G2/G3 commands for native arcs (experimental, not supported
by all firmwares)
--g0 Use G0 commands for retraction (experimental, not supported by all
firmwares)
--gcode-comments Make G-code verbose by adding comments (default: no)
--vibration-limit Limit the frequency of moves on X and Y axes (Hz, set zero to disable;
default: 0)
Filament options:
--filament-diameter Diameter in mm of your raw filament (default: 3)
--extrusion-multiplier
Change this to alter the amount of plastic extruded. There should be
very little need to change this value, which is only useful to
compensate for filament packing (default: 1)
--temperature Extrusion temperature in degree Celsius, set 0 to disable (default: 200)
--first-layer-temperature Extrusion temperature for the first layer, in degree Celsius,
set 0 to disable (default: same as --temperature)
--bed-temperature Heated bed temperature in degree Celsius, set 0 to disable (default: 0)
--first-layer-bed-temperature Heated bed temperature for the first layer, in degree Celsius,
set 0 to disable (default: same as --bed-temperature)
Speed options:
--travel-speed Speed of non-print moves in mm/s (default: 130)
--perimeter-speed Speed of print moves for perimeters in mm/s (default: 30)
--small-perimeter-speed
Speed of print moves for small perimeters in mm/s or % over perimeter speed
(default: 30)
--external-perimeter-speed
Speed of print moves for the external perimeter in mm/s or % over perimeter speed
(default: 70%)
--infill-speed Speed of print moves in mm/s (default: 60)
--solid-infill-speed Speed of print moves for solid surfaces in mm/s or % over infill speed
(default: 60)
--top-solid-infill-speed Speed of print moves for top surfaces in mm/s or % over solid infill speed
(default: 50)
--support-material-speed
Speed of support material print moves in mm/s (default: 60)
--bridge-speed Speed of bridge print moves in mm/s (default: 60)
--gap-fill-speed Speed of gap fill print moves in mm/s (default: 20)
--first-layer-speed Speed of print moves for bottom layer, expressed either as an absolute
value or as a percentage over normal speeds (default: 30%)
Acceleration options:
--perimeter-acceleration
Overrides firmware's default acceleration for perimeters. (mm/s^2, set zero
to disable; default: 0)
--infill-acceleration
Overrides firmware's default acceleration for infill. (mm/s^2, set zero
to disable; default: 0)
--bridge-acceleration
Overrides firmware's default acceleration for bridges. (mm/s^2, set zero
to disable; default: 0)
--default-acceleration
Acceleration will be reset to this value after the specific settings above
87
PROOF
Page 90
Slic3r
have been applied. (mm/s^2, set zero to disable; default: 130)
Accuracy options:
--layer-height Layer height in mm (default: 0.4)
--first-layer-height Layer height for first layer (mm or %, default: 0.35)
--infill-every-layers
Infill every N layers (default: 1)
--solid-infill-every-layers
Force a solid layer every N layers (default: 0)
Print options:
--perimeters Number of perimeters/horizontal skins (range: 0+, default: 3)
--top-solid-layers Number of solid layers to do for top surfaces (range: 0+, default: 3)
--bottom-solid-layers Number of solid layers to do for bottom surfaces (range: 0+, default: 3)
--solid-layers Shortcut for setting the two options above at once
--fill-density Infill density (range: 0-1, default: 0.4)
--fill-angle Infill angle in degrees (range: 0-90, default: 45)
--fill-pattern Pattern to use to fill non-solid layers (default: honeycomb)
--solid-fill-pattern Pattern to use to fill solid layers (default: rectilinear)
--start-gcode Load initial G-code from the supplied file. This will overwrite
the default command (home all axes [G28]).
--end-gcode Load final G-code from the supplied file. This will overwrite
the default commands (turn off temperature [M104 S0],
home X axis [G28 X], disable motors [M84]).
--layer-gcode Load layer-change G-code from the supplied file (default: nothing).
--toolchange-gcode Load tool-change G-code from the supplied file (default: nothing).
--extra-perimeters Add more perimeters when needed (default: yes)
--randomize-start Randomize starting point across layers (default: yes)
--avoid-crossing-perimeters Optimize travel moves so that no perimeters are crossed (default: no)
--external-perimeters-first Reverse perimeter order. (default: no)
--only-retract-when-crossing-perimeters
Disable retraction when travelling between infill paths inside the same island.
(default: no)
--solid-infill-below-area
Force solid infill when a region has a smaller area than this threshold
(mm^2, default: 70)
--infill-only-where-needed
Only infill under ceilings (default: no)
--infill-first Make infill before perimeters (default: no)
Support material options:
--support-material Generate support material for overhangs
--support-material-threshold
Overhang threshold angle (range: 0-90, set 0 for automatic detection,
default: 0)
--support-material-pattern
Pattern to use for support material (default: rectilinear)
--support-material-spacing
Spacing between pattern lines (mm, default: 2.5)
--support-material-angle
Support material angle in degrees (range: 0-90, default: 0)
--support-material-interface-layers
Number of perpendicular layers between support material and object
(0+, default: 0)
--support-material-interface-spacing
Spacing between interface pattern lines
(mm, set 0 to get a solid layer, default: 0)
88
PROOF
Page 91
2.8. ADVANCED TOPICS
--raft-layers Number of layers to raise the printed objects by (range: 0+, default: 0)
--support-material-enforce-layers
Enforce support material on the specified number of layers from bottom,
regardless of --support-material and threshold (0+, default: 0)
Retraction options:
--retract-length Length of retraction in mm when pausing extrusion (default: 1)
--retract-speed Speed for retraction in mm/s (default: 30)
--retract-restart-extra
Additional amount of filament in mm to push after
compensating retraction (default: 0)
--retract-before-travel
Only retract before travel moves of this length in mm (default: 2)
--retract-lift Lift Z by the given distance in mm when retracting (default: 0)
--retract-layer-change
Enforce a retraction before each Z move (default: yes)
--wipe Wipe the nozzle while doing a retraction (default: no)
Retraction options for multi-extruder setups:
--retract-length-toolchange
Length of retraction in mm when disabling tool (default: 1)
--retract-restart-extra-toolchnage
Additional amount of filament in mm to push after
switching tool (default: 0)
Cooling options:
--cooling Enable fan and cooling control
--min-fan-speed Minimum fan speed (default: 35%)
--max-fan-speed Maximum fan speed (default: 100%)
--bridge-fan-speed Fan speed to use when bridging (default: 100%)
--fan-below-layer-time Enable fan if layer print time is below this approximate number
of seconds (default: 60)
--slowdown-below-layer-time Slow down if layer print time is below this approximate number
of seconds (default: 30)
--min-print-speed Minimum print speed (mm/s, default: 10)
--disable-fan-first-layers Disable fan for the first N layers (default: 1)
--fan-always-on Keep fan always on at min fan speed, even for layers that don't need
cooling
Skirt options:
--skirts Number of skirts to draw (0+, default: 1)
--skirt-distance Distance in mm between innermost skirt and object
(default: 6)
--skirt-height Height of skirts to draw (expressed in layers, 0+, default: 1)
--min-skirt-length Generate no less than the number of loops required to consume this length
of filament on the first layer, for each extruder (mm, 0+, default: 0)
--brim-width Width of the brim that will get added to each object to help adhesion
(mm, default: 0)
Transform options:
--scale Factor for scaling input object (default: 1)
--rotate Rotation angle in degrees (0-360, default: 0)
--duplicate Number of items with auto-arrange (1+, default: 1)
--bed-size Bed size, only used for auto-arrange (mm, default: 200,200)
--duplicate-grid Number of items with grid arrangement (default: 1,1)
--duplicate-distance Distance in mm between copies (default: 6)
89
PROOF
Page 92
Slic3r
Sequential printing options:
--complete-objects When printing multiple objects and/or copies, complete each one before
starting the next one; watch out for extruder collisions (default: no)
--extruder-clearance-radius Radius in mm above which extruder won't collide with anything
(default: 20)
--extruder-clearance-height Maximum vertical extruder depth; i.e. vertical distance from
extruder tip and carriage bottom (default: 20)
Miscellaneous options:
--notes Notes to be added as comments to the output file
--resolution Minimum detail resolution (mm, set zero for full resolution, default: 0)
Flow options (advanced):
--extrusion-width Set extrusion width manually; it accepts either an absolute value in mm
(like 0.65) or a percentage over layer height (like 200%)
--first-layer-extrusion-width
Set a different extrusion width for first layer
--perimeter-extrusion-width
Set a different extrusion width for perimeters
--infill-extrusion-width
Set a different extrusion width for infill
--solid-infill-extrusion-width
Set a different extrusion width for solid infill
--top-infill-extrusion-width
Set a different extrusion width for top infill
--support-material-extrusion-width
Set a different extrusion width for support material
--bridge-flow-ratio Multiplier for extrusion when bridging (> 0, default: 1)
Multiple extruder options:
--extruder-offset Offset of each extruder, if firmware doesn't handle the displacement
(can be specified multiple times, default: 0x0)
--perimeter-extruder
Extruder to use for perimeters (1+, default: 1)
--infill-extruder Extruder to use for infill (1+, default: 1)
--support-material-extruder
Extruder to use for support material (1+, default: 1)
90
PROOF
Page 93
2.8. ADVANCED TOPICS
Post-Processing Scripts
There may be times when the G-Code generated by Slic3r has to be tweaked
or modified after it has been created. For this reason there exists the ability
to run arbitrary scripts as part of the final steps in the slicing process18.
In the Output options subsection of the Print Settings tab lies the
Post-processing scripts option. The absolute path to each script can
be added, separated by semicolons. Each scripts should be recognised by
the host system, and be executable.
Figure 2.61: Post-processing script option.
Each script will be passed the absolute path of the G-Code file that
Slic3r generates. All Slic3r configuration options are made available to the
scripts by way of environment variables. These all begin with SLIC3R_.
The following script would write out all Slic3r options to standard output:
#!/bin/sh
echo "Post-processing G-code file: $*"
env | grep ^SLIC3R
Figure 2.62: Example post-processing script to display Slic3r environment
variables.
Example scripts can be found in the GitHub repository19.
Perl’s in-place mode (perl -i) makes it easy to modify the contents
of the G-Code file, without having to copy, edit, then replace the original.
The following example will simply output the contents to standard output:
18
exttthttps://github.com/alexrj/Slic3r/wiki/Writing-post-processing-scripts
19
exttthttps://github.com/alexrj/Slic3r/tree/master/utils/post-processing
91
PROOF
Page 94
Slic3r
#!/usr/bin/perl -i
use strict;
use warnings;
while (<>) {
# modify $_ here before printing
print;
}
Figure 2.63: Example post-processing script to print each line to output.
92
PROOF
Page 95
2.9. TROUBLESHOOTING
2.9 Troubleshooting
Z Wobble
Undulations in the walls of a print may be due to wobble in the Z axis.
A thorough analysis of the potential causes is given by whosawhatsis20in
his article ”Taxonomy of Z axis artifacts in extrusion-based 3d printing”21,
however one point of particular interest for users of Slic3r is the wobble
caused by motor steps not matching the pitch of the Z rods thread. This
can be addressed by ensuring the Layer Height setting is a multiple of the
full step length.
The relevant part of the above paper is quoted here:
To avoid Z ribbing, you should always choose a layer height
that is a multiple of your full-step length. To calculate the fullstep length for the screws you’re using, take the pitch of your
screws (I recommend M6, with a pitch of 1mm) and divide by
the number of full-steps per rotation on your motors (usually
200). Microsteps are not reliably accurate enough, so ignore
them for this calculation (though using microstepping will still
make them smoother and quieter). For my recommended M6
screws, this comes out to 5 microns. It’s 4 microns for the M5
screws used by the i3, and 6.25 microns for the M8 screws used
by most other repraps. A layer height of 200 microns (.2mm),
for example, will work with any of these because 200 = 6.25 *
32 = 5 * 40 = 4 * 50.
20
http://goo.gl/iOYoK
21
http://goo.gl/ci9Gz
93
PROOF
Page 96
Slic3r
2.10 Slic3r Support
Slic3r Support
A variety of resources are available to provide support for Slic3r.
Wiki and FAQ
The wiki provides up-to-date documentation, and a FAQ subsection which may help resolve any queries or issues.
• https://github.com/alexrj/Slic3r/wiki/Documentation
• https://github.com/alexrj/Slic3r/wiki/FAQ
Blog
The Slic3r blog contains tips, hints, and advice.
• http://slic3r.org/blog
IRC
Found on the irc.freenode.net server, the following chat
rooms are often filled with people who can provide real-time
help:
• #reprap: Highly active community of the RepRap project
with many users of Slic3r.
• #slic3r: Slic3r chat room where Slic3r developers and
users can provide help.
RepRap.org Forum
The RepRap forums contain a dedicated forum for Slic3r.
• forums.reprap.org/list.php?263
94
PROOF
Page 97
2.10. SLIC3R SUPPORT
Issue Tracker
If you find a bug in the software, then raise the issue in the
project issue tracker.
• github.com/alexrj/Slic3r/issues
Please take the time to read through the existing issues to
see whether the problem has already been submitted. Also
make sure that the problem is a bug in the application; do
not submit support related questions here. If the bug appears
to be unreported then please read the bug report guide before
submitting: http://git.io/11Hy_w.
95
PROOF
Page 98
PROOF
Page 99
Printing with the Graphic LCD
PROOF
Page 100
Printing with the Graphic LCD
The Graphic LCD allows you to print with the TAZ 3D printer without
needing to have a computer connected or using host software such as
Printrun. This will allow for more efficient space in the workspace and
free up a computer for other tasks.
In the following sections you will find general information on using the
Graphic LCD, how to transfer .gcode files to the included SD card, heat
up the printer, start a print, and make configuration adjustments.
3.1 GLCD Controller or Printrun Host?
The Graphical LCD Controller is perfect for normal day to day printing
and will be used in the majority of your print jobs. However, in some
instances- you will want to use Printrun instead of the GLCD Controller.
A few examples of when you would want to plug the USB cable back in
and use Printrun:
• A number of manual movements are required to perform calibration
checks. Because of this it is easier and faster to make the required
manual movements within Printrun. Calibration checks can be done
with the Graphic LCD, but require a number of repetitive menu
selections.
• Printrun offers a number of extra options for advanced users, including
custom gcode input, output display, and pronsole. Pronsole is the
command line portion of Printrun that can be used in scripts for automation or controlling a printer through remote access, for example,
SSH.
3.2 Multiple Connections
Because the TAZ 3D printer can be controlled by the Graphic LCD and by
host software, caution is advised when connecting to the printer through
USB as the print can be interrupted when connecting or disconnecting the
USB cable. A general rule is: once you have started a print with either the
Graphic LCD or Printrun, for the rest of the print use only that controller.
When printing with the Graphic LCD, never try to connect through USB
in the Printrun host software; wait until the print is complete, and then
connect in Printrun.
98
PROOF
Loading...