LSI SCSI 320-1 User Manual

HARDWARE

GUIDE

MegaRAID® SCSI 320-1 RAID Controller

September 2002

®

This document contains proprietary information of LSI Logic Corporation. The information contained herein is not to be used by or disclosed to third parties without the express written permission of an officer of LSI Logic Corporation.

LSI Logic products are not intended for use in life-support appliances, devices, or systems. Use of any LSI Logic product in such applications without written consent of the appropriate LSI Logic officer is prohibited.

Document DB15-000245-00, First Edition (September 2002) This document describes the initial release of LSI Logic Corporation’s MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Controller and will remain the official reference source for all revisions/releases of this product until rescinded by an update.

LSI Logic Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products herein at any time without notice. LSI Logic does not assume any responsibility or liability arising o ut of the app lication o r use of any p roduct des cribed her ein, except as expressly agreed to in writing by LSI Logic; nor does the purchase or use of a product from LSI Logic convey a license under any patent rights, copyrights, trademark rights, or any other of the intellectual property rights of LSI Logic or third parties.

LSI Logic, the LSI Logic logo design, and MegaRAID are trademarks or registered trademarks of LSI Logic Corporation. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. UNIX is a registered trademark of the Open Group. Novell NetWare is a registered trademark of Novell Corporation. ASPI is a registered trademark of Adaptec, Inc. All other brand and product names may be trademarks of their respective companies.

CD

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centers, view our web page located at http://www.lsilogic.com/contacts/na_salesoffices.html

ii

FCC Regulatory Statement

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Warning: Changes or m odificati ons to this un it not expressly approved by

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a specific installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interfere nc e to r adi o o r tel evision receptio n, wh ic h can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

2. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.

3. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

4. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Shielded interface cables must be used with this product to ensure compliance with the Class B FCC limits.

Model Number: Series 520

Disclaimer – LSI LOGIC certifies on ly that this product wi ll w ork c orrec tl y when

this product is used with the same jumper settings, the same system configuration, the same memory module parts, and the same peripherals that were tested by LSI LOGIC with this product. The complete list of tested jumper settings, system configurations, peripheral devices, and memory modules are documented in the LSI LOGIC Compatibility Report for this product. Call your LSI LOGIC sales r epresentative for a copy of the Compati bility Repor t for this product.

iii

iv

Preface

Audience

Organization

This book is the primary reference and Hardware Guide for the LSI Logic MegaRAID the MegaRAID controller and for configuring RAID arrays. It also contains background information on RAID.

The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 controller suppor ts single-en ded and lowvoltage differential (LVD) SCSI devices on an Ultra320 and Wide SCSI channel with data tran sfer rates up to 320 Mbytes/s.

This document is intende d for people who need to insta ll the MegaRA ID SCSI 320-1 Controlle r in a server and then cre ate and configure RAID arrays.

This document ha s the following chapters and appen dixes:

®

SCSI 320-1 Controller. It contains instr uctions for installing

· Chapter 1, Overview, provides an overview of the MegaRAID SCSI

320-1 and basic S CSI features.

· Chapter 2, Introduction to RAID, introduces impor tant RAID

concepts.

· Chapter 3, RAID Levels, describes each sup ported RAID l evel and

the factors to consider when choosing a RAID level.

· Chapter 4, Features, explains the features of the MegaRA ID SCSI

320-1.

· Chapter 5, Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical

Drives, explains how to configure SCSI physical drives, arrays, and

logical drives.

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide v

Technical Support

· Chapter 6, Hardware Installation, explains how to install the

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 co ntroller.

· Chapter 7, Troubleshooting, provides troubleshooting informatio n

for the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 c ontroller.

· Appendix A, SCSI Cables and Connectors, describes the SC SI

cables and connectors used wi th the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 controller.

· Appendix B, Audible Warnings, explains the meaning of the warning

tones generated by the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 controller.

· Appendix C, Glossary, d efines many terms us ed in this manual.

If you need help installing, c onfiguring, or r unning the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Controller, you may be able to find the information you need at the MegaRAID suppor t page at http://megaraid.lsilogic.com

If this does not resolve your problem, you can call your LSI Logic OEM Tec hnical Suppor t representative at 678-728- 1250. Before you call, please complete the M egaRAID Problem Report for m.

MegaRAID Problem Report Form

Customer Information MegaRAID Information

Name: Today’s Date: Company: Date of Purchase: Address: Invoice Number: City/State: Serial Number: Country: Email Address: Cache Memory: Phone: Firmware Version: Fax : BI OS Ver s io n:

System Information

Motherboard: BIOS manufacturer:

vi Preface

MegaRAID Problem Report Form (Cont.)

Operating System: BIOS Date: Op. Sys. Ver.: Video Adapter: MegaRAID

Driver Ver.: Network Card: System Memor y: Other disk controllers

installed:

Description of problem:

Steps necessary to re-create problem:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Logical Drive Configuration

Use this form to reco rd the configuration detail s for your logical drives.

Logical Drive Configuration

CPU Type/Speed:

Other adapter cards Installed:

Logical

Drive

LD0 LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6

RAID Level

Stripe

Size

Preface vii

Logical Drive

Size

Cache Policy

Read

Policy

Write

Policy

# of Physical

Drives

Logical Drive Configuration (Cont.)

Logical

Drive

LD7 LD8

LD9 LD10 LD11 LD12 LD13 LD14 LD15 LD16 LD17 LD18 LD19 LD20

RAID Level

Stripe

Size

Logical Drive

Size

Cache Policy

Read

Policy

Write

Policy

# of Physical

Drives

LD21 LD22 LD23 LD24 LD25 LD26 LD27 LD28 LD29 LD30 LD31

viii Preface

Logical Drive Configuration (Cont.)

Logical

Drive

LD32 LD33 LD34 LD35 LD36 LD37 LD38 LD39

RAID Level

Stripe

Size

Physical Device Layout

Use this form to reco rd the physical device layout.

Physical Device Layout

Logical Drive

Size

Cache Policy

Read

Policy

Channel 0

Write

Policy

# of Physical

Drives

Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID

Preface ix

Physical Device Layout (Cont.)

Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type

Channel 0

Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID

xPreface

Physical Device Layout (Cont.)

Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type

Channel 0

Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID

Preface xi

Physical Device Layout (Cont.)

Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type

Channel 0

Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level

xii Preface

Chapter 1 Overview

Ultra SCSI 1.5 m 12 m 7 Ultra SCSI 3 m 12 m 3 Wide Ultra SCSI 12 m 15 Wide Ultra S CSI 1.5 m 12 m 7 Wide Ultra SCSI 3 m 12 m 3 Ultra 2 SCSI 25 m 1 Ultra 2 SCSI 12 m 7 Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 25 m 1 Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 12 m 15 Ultra160 SCSI 25 m 1 Ultra160 SCSI 12 m 7 Wide Ultra160 SCSI 25 m 1 Wide Ultra160 SCSI 12 m 15 Ultra320 12 m 15

Single Ended

SCSI

Low-Voltage

Differential SCSI

Maximum # of

Drives

Ultra320 20 m 1

Single-Ended and Differential SCSI Buses 1-3

1.7 SCSI Bu s Widths and Maximum Throughput

Table 1.2 lists the SCSI bus widths and maximum throug hput, based on

the SCSI speeds.

Table 1.2 SCSI Bus Widths and Maximum Throughput

SCSI Standard SCSI Bus Width SCSI Throughput

Fast Wide SCSI 16 bits 20 Mbytes/s Wide Ultra S CSI 16 bits 40 Mbytes/s Wide Ultra 2 SCSI 16 bits 80 Mbytes/s Wide Ultra 160 SCSI 16 bits 160 Mbytes/s Ultra 320 SCSI 16 bits 320 Mbytes/s

1.8 Documentation

The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 documentation se t includes:

· The MegaRAID SCS I 320-1 Hardware Guide

· The MegaRAID Con figuration Software Guide

· The MegaRAID Operating System Driver Instal lation Guide

1.8.1 MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide

The Hardware Guide contai ns the RAID overview, RAID planning, and RAID system configura tion information you need firs t. Read this document first.

1.8.2 MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide

This manual descr ibes the software configura tion utilities that you can use to configure and m odify RAID systems.

1-4 Overview

1.8.3 MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide

This manual provides detailed information about installing the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 operating s ystem drivers.

Documentation 1-5

1-6 Overview

Chapter 2 Introduction to RAID

This chapter introdu ces importan t RAID concepts. It contains th e following sections:

· Section 2.1, “R AID Benefits”

· Section 2.2, “MegaRAI D SCSI 320-1 – Host-Ba sed RAID Solution”

· Section 2.3, “RAID Overview”

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Di sks) is a dat a storage meth od in which data, along with par ity information, is distr ibuted among two or more hard disks (called an array) to improve performance and reliability. The RAID array appears to the host computer as a single storage unit or as multiple logical u nits. I/O is expedited because several disks can be accessed simultan eously. RAID system s provide improved data s torage reliability and fault tolerance compared to single-dr ive computers. If a disk drive in a RAID a rray fails, data can be recons tructe d from th e data and parity inform ation on the remaining disk drives.

2.1 RAID Benefits

RAID is widely used be ca us e it im pr oves I/O performanc e a nd i nc reas es storage subsystem r eliability. RAID provides data se curity through fault tolerance and redundant dat a storage. The MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 management software co nfigures and monitors RAID d isk arrays.

2.1.1 Improved I/O

Although disk dr ive capabilities have improved drastically, actual performance of individ ual disk drives has been i mproved only three to four times in the last decade. RAI D provides a way to achieve much better data throughput.

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide 2-1

2.1.2 Increased Reliability

The electromechan ical components of a d isk subsystem operate mor e slowly, require more power, and generate more noise and vibra tion than electronic devices. These factors reduce the reliab ility of data stored on disks. RAID provides a way to achieve much better fault tolerance and data reliability.

2.2 MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 – Host-Based RAID Solution

RAID products are ei ther host-based or external. The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 controller is a hos t-based RAID solutio n.

The MegaRAID SCSI 32 0-1 is a P CI adapt er ca rd that is insta lled in any available PCI expansion slot in a host system.

2.2.1 Host-Based RAID

A host-based RAID pr oduct puts all of the RAID in telligence on an adapter card that is in stalled in a network se rver. A host-based RAID product provides the best performance. MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 is part of the file server, so it can transmit dat a directly across th e computer’s buses at data transfer speeds up to 5 32 Mbytes/s.

The available sequential data transfer rate is de termined by the following factors:

· The sustained data transfer rate on the mot herboard PCI bus

· The sustained data transfer rate on the GC80302 PCI- to-PCI bridge

· The sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI controller

· The sustained data transfer rate of the SCSI devices

· The number of SCSI chan nels

· The number of SCSI disk d rives

Host-based solu tions must provide operating sy stem-specific dr ivers.

2-2 I ntroduction to RAID

2.2.2 SCSI-to-SCSI External RAID

A SCSI-to-SCSI extern al R AID produ ct puts the RA ID inte llige nce ins ide the RAID chassis and uses a plain SCSI hos t adapter installed in th e network ser ver. The data transfer rate is limited to the bandwidth of the SCSI channel. A SCSI-to-S CSI exter nal RAID pr oduct that has two Wide SCSI channels operati ng at speeds up to 320 Mbytes /s must squeeze the data into a single Wide SCSI (320 Mbytes/s) channel back to the host computer.

In SCSI-to-SCSI extern al RAID pr oducts, the di sk dr ive subsystem us es only a single SCSI ID, which allows you to connect multip le drive subsystems to a si ngle SCSI controller.

2.3 RAID Overview

RAID is a collection of specifications that describes a system for ensuring the reliability and stability of data stored on large disk subsy stems. A RAID system can be implemented in a number of different versions (or RAID levels). MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 supp orts standard RA ID levels 0, 1, and 5, and RAID levels 10 and 50, special RAID versions suppor ted by MegaRAID SCSI 320-1.

2.3.1 Physical Array

A RAID array is a collection of physical disk drives governed by the RAID management software. A RAID array appears to th e host computer as one or more logical drives.

2.3.2 Logical Drive

A logical drive is a par tition in a physical array of disks that is made up of contiguous data s egments on the physical disk s. A logical drive can consist of any of the following:

· An entire physical array

· More than one entire p hysical array

· A part of an array

· Parts of more than on e array

RAID Overvi ew 2-3

· A combination of any two of the above conditions

2.3.3 Consistency Check

A consistency check verifies the correctness of redundant data in a RAID array. For example, in a system with d istributed parity, checking consistency means c omputing the parit y of the data drives and comparing the results to the contents of the parity dri ves.

2.3.4 Fault Tolerance

Fault tolerance is achieved through cooling fans, power supplies, and the ability to hot swap drives. MegaRAID SCSI 32 0-1 p rovides hot swapping through the hot spare feature. A ho t spare drive is an unused onl ine available drive that MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 in stantly plugs into th e system when an active dr ive fails.

After the hot sp are is automa tically moved into the RAID subsy stem, the failed drive is automaticall y rebuilt. The RAID disk array continues to handle request while the rebuild occurs.

2.3.5 Disk Striping

Disk striping writes data across multiple disk drives instead of just one disk drive, as shown in Figure 2.1.

2-4 I ntroduction to RAID

Figure 2.1 Disk Striping

MegaRAID Controller

Disk striping involves partitioning each disk d rive’s storage space into stripes that can vary in size from 2 to 128 Kbytes. These stripes are interleaved in a repeated, sequ ential manner. The combined storage space is composed of s tripes from each dr ive. MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 suppor ts stripe sizes of 2, 4, 8, 1 6, 32, 64, or 128 Kbytes.

For example, in a four-disk system using on ly disk striping (as in RAID level 0), segment 1 is written to d isk 1, segment 2 is wri tten to disk 2, and so on. Disk stripi ng enhances p erformance be cause multip le dri ves are accessed simultane ously; but disk striping does not provide data redundancy.

2.3.5.1 Stripe Width

Stripe width i s a measure of the number of disks involved in an array where striping is implemented. For example, a four-disk array with disk striping has a st ripe width of four.

Segment 1 Segment 5 Segment 9

Segment 2 Segment 6

Segment 10

Segment 3 Segment 7

Segment 11

Segment 4 Segment 8

Segment 12

RAID Overvi ew 2-5

2.3.5.2 Stripe Size

The stripe s ize is the length of the interl eaved data segments that MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 wr ites across multipl e drives. MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 suppor ts stripe sizes o f 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 K bytes.

2.3.6 Disk Mirroring

With disk mirroring (used in RAID 1), data wr itten to one disk dr ive is simultaneously wr itten to another disk dr ive, as shown in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 Disk Mirroring

MegaRAID Controller

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 4 Duplicated

If one disk drive fails, the contents of the other disk dr ive can be used to run the system and reconstr uct the failed drive. The primary advantage of disk mirroring i s that it provides 100% data r edundancy. Since the contents of the disk d rive are completely wr itten to a second dri ve, it does not matter if o ne of the drives fails. Both drives contain th e same data at all times. Either drive can act as the operationa l drive.

Although disk mirror ing provides 100% redund ancy, it is expensive because each dr ive in the system must be duplic ated.

2-6 I ntroduction to RAID

Segment 1 Duplicated Segment 2 Duplicated Segment 3 Duplicated

2.3.7 Disk Spanning

Disk spanning allows multiple disk drives to function like one bi g drive. Spanning overcomes lack of disk s pace and simplifies storag e management by combinin g existing resources or adding rel atively inexpensive resources. For example, four 60 Gbyte disk drives can be combined to appear to t he operating system as one single 240 Gbyte drive.

Disk spanning alone does not provide reliability or performance enhancements. Spanned logical drives must have the same stripe s ize and must be contiguous. In Figure 2.3, two RAID 1 arrays are turned into a RAID 10 array.

Figure 2.3 Disk Spanning

MegaRAID Controller

Data Flow

Segment 1 Segment 3 Segment 5

RAID 1

Disk 1 Disk 4Disk 3

Segment 1 Segment 3 Segment 5

Disk 2

Segment 2 Segment 4 Segment 6

RAID 0

RAID 1

Segment 2

Segment 2 Segment 4

Segment 4 Segment 6

Segment 6

RAID Overvi ew 2-7

Table 2.1 describes how disk sp ann in g is us ed for RAID 10 an d RA ID 50 .

Table 2.1 Spanning for RAID 10 and RAID 50

Level Description

10 Configure RAID 10 by spanning two contiguous RAID 1 logical drives.

The RAID 1 logical drives must have the same stripe size.

50 Configure RAID 50 by spanning two contiguous RAID 5 logical drives.

The RAID 5 logical drives must have the same stripe size.

2.3.8 Parity

Parity generates a set of redunda ncy data f rom two or more par ent data sets. The redundancy data can be use d to reconstr uct one of the pa rent data sets. Parity data does not f ully duplicate the pa rent data sets. In RAID, this method is applied to entire dr ives (dedicated parity ) or to stripes acros s all disk drives in an array (distributed parit y).

RAID 5 combines distributed parity with disk striping. If a single disk drive fails, it can be rebuilt from the parity an d the data on the remaining drives. Parity provides redundancy for one dr ive failure without duplicating the c ontents of entire disk dr ives, but parity generation can slow the write process.

2.3.9 Hot Spares

A hot spare is an extra, unused disk drive that is par t of the disk subsystem. It is usually in standby mode, ready for service if a drive fails. Hot spares permit you to replace failed drives without syste m shutdown or user inter vention.

Note:

Spanning two conti guous RAID 0 logical d rives does not produce a new RAID level or add fault tolerance. It does increase the si ze of the logical volume and imp roves performance by doubling the number of spindles.

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 implements automatic and transparent rebuilds using hot spare dr ives, providing a high degree of fault tolerance and zero downtime. The MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 RAID Management software allows you to specify physical drives as hot spares. When a hot spare is needed, the MegaRAID SC SI 320 -1 controller assigns the hot s pa re that

2-8 I ntroduction to RAID

has a capacity cl osest to and at least as great as that of the failed dr ive to take the place of the failed dr ive.

Note:

2.3.10 Hot Swapping

Hot swapping is the manual replaceme nt o f a defective physical disk u ni t while the computer is still runn ing. When a new dri ve has been instal led, you must issue a command to rebuild the drive.

2.3.11 Disk Rebuild

You rebuild a di sk drive by recreating the data tha t had been stored on the drive before the drive failed. Rebuilding can be done only in arrays with data redundanc y such as RAID level 1, 5, 10, and 50.

Standby (warm spare) r ebuild is employed in a mirrored (RAID 1) system. If a disk dr ive fails, an identical drive is imm ediately available. The primar y data source disk d rive is the original disk drive.

A hot spare can be us ed to rebuild disk drives in RAID 1, 5, 10 , or 50 systems. If a hot spare is not available, the failed disk drive must be replaced with a new disk drive so that the data on the failed drive can be rebuilt.

Hot spares are employed only in arrays with redundanc y— for example, RAID levels 1, 5, 10, and 50. A hot spare connected to a speci fic MegaRAID SCSI 320- 1 controller can be used only to r ebuild a d rive that i s co nnecte d to the same controller.

The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 controller automatic ally and transparently rebuilds failed drives with user-def inable rebuild rates. If a hot spare is available, the rebuild starts automatically when a drive fails. MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 automati cally restar ts the system and the r ebuild if the system goes down during a rebuild.

2.3.11.1 Rebuild Rate

The rebuild rate is the fraction of the compute cycle s dedicated to rebuilding failed drives. A rebuild rate of 100% mea ns the system is totally dedicated to r ebuilding the failed drive.

RAID Overvi ew 2-9

The MegaRAID SCSI 32 0-1 rebuild rate can be configured between 0% and 100%. At 0%, the rebuild is only done if the system is not doing anything else. At 100%, the rebuild has a higher pr iority than any other system activity.

2.3.12 Logical Drive States

Table 2.2 describes the l ogical drive states.

Table 2.2 Logical Drive Sta tes

State Description

Optimal The drive operating condition is good. All configured drives are

Degraded The drive ope rating condit ion is not optimal. On e of the

Failed The drive has failed. Offline The drive is not available to MegaRAID SCSI 320-1.

2.3.13 SCSI Drive States

A SCSI disk dri ve can be in one of the states described in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 SC SI Drive States

State Description

Online (ONLIN)

Ready (READY)

Hot Spare (HOTSP)

Fail (FAIL)

online.

configured drives has failed or is offline.

The drive is functioning normally and is a part of a configured logical drive.

The drive is functioning normally but is not part of a configured logical drive and is not designated as a hot spare.

The drive is powered up and ready for use as a spare in case an online drive fails.

A fault has occurred in the drive, placing it out of service.

Rebuild (REB)

2-10 Introduction to RAID

The drive is being rebuilt with data from a failed drive.

2.3.14 Disk Array Types

Table 2.4 describes the RAID dis k array types.

Table 2.4 Disk Array Types

Type Description

SoftwareBased

SCSI to SCSI The array controller resides outside of the host computer and

Bus-Based The array controller resides on the bus (for example, a PCI or

The array is managed by software running in a host computer using the host CPU bandwidth. The disadvantages associated with this method are the load on the host CPU and the need for different software for each operating system.

communicates with the host through a SCSI adapter in the host. The array management software runs in the controller. It is transparent to the host and independent of the host operating system. The disadvantage is the limited data transfer rate of the SCSI channel between the SCSI adapter and the array controller.

EISA bus) in the host comput er and has it s own CPU to generate the parity and handle other RAID functions. A busbased controller can transfer data at the speed of the host bus (PCI, ISA, EISA, VL-Bus) but is limited to the bus it is designed for. MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 resides on a PCI bus, which can handle data transfer at up to 132 Mbytes/s. With MegaRAID SCSI 320-1, the channel can handle data transfer rates up to 320 Mbytes/s per SCSI channel.

2.3.15 Enclosure Management

Enclosure managem ent is the intelligent m onitoring of the disk subsystem by software and/or hardware.

The disk subsystem can be part of the host computer or can be separate from it. Enclosure managem ent helps you stay informed of events in the disk subsystem, such as a drive or power supply failure. Enclosure management increa ses the fault tolerance of the disk subsystem.

RAID Overvi ew 2-11

2-12 Introduction to RAID

Chapter 3 RAID Levels

This chapter descr ibes each suppor ted RAID level and the factors to consider when choosi ng a RAID level. It contains the following sections:

· Section 3.1, “Selec ting a RAID Level”

· Section 3.2, “RAID 0”

· Section 3.3, “RAID 1”

· Section 3.4, “RAID 5”

· Section 3.5, “RAID 10”

· Section 3.6, “RAID 50”

3.1 Selecting a RAID Level

To en sure the best performanc e, you should select the optimal RAID level when you create a system drive. The optimal RA ID level for your disk array depends on a number of factors:

· The number of drives in the disk array

· The capacity of the dr ives in the array

· The need for data redundancy

· The disk performance requirements

Note:

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide 3-1

The SCSI 320-1 control ler suppor ts a maximum of 15 physical drives.

3.2 RAID 0

RAID 0 provides disk str iping across all dr ives in the RAID subsystem. RAID 0 does not provide any da ta redundancy, but does offer the best performance of any RAID level. RAID 0 breaks up data into sm aller blocks and then writes a block to each drive in the array . The size of each block is determined by the stri pe size parameter, set during the cr eation of the RAID set. RAID 0 of fers high bandwidth. By breaking up a l arge file into smaller blocks, MegaRAID SCS I 320-1 ca n use s everal drives to read or write the file faster. RAID 0 involves no parity cal culations to complicate the wri te operation. This makes RAID 0 ideal for application s that require high ban dwidth but do not require fault tolerance.

Uses RAID 0 provides high data throughput, especially for large

Strong Points Provides increased data throughput for large files. No

Weak Po in ts Does not provide fault tolerance. All data lost if any drive

Drives 1 to 15

files. Suitable for any environment that does not require fault tolerance.

capacity loss penalty for parity.

fails.

The initiator takes one ID per channel. This leaves 15 IDs available for one channel.

Figure 3.1 shows a RAID 0 array with four disk drives.

3-2 R AID Levels

Figure 3.1 RAID 0 Array

MegaRAID Controller

3.3 RAID 1

Segment 1 Segment 5 Segment 9

Segment 2 Segment 6

Segment 10

Segment 3 Segment 7

Segment 11

Segment 4 Segment 8

Segment 12

In RAID 1, the MegaRAID S CSI 320 -1 dup licates all d ata fro m one dr ive to a second drive. RAID 1 provides complete dat a redundancy, but at the cost of doubling the req uired data storage capaci ty.

Uses Use RAID 1 for small databases or any other environment

Strong Points Provides complete data redundancy. RAID 1 is ideal for any

Weak Po in ts Requires twice as many disk drives. Performance is im paired

Drives 2

that requi res fault tole rance but small capacity.

application that requires fault tolerance and minimal capacity.

during drive rebuilds.

Figure 3.2 shows a RAID 1 array.

RAID 1 3-3

Figure 3.2 RAID 1 Array

MegaRAID Controller

3.4 RAID 5

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 4 Duplicated

Segment 1 Duplicated Segment 2 Duplicated Segment 3 Duplicated

RAID 5 includes disk str iping at t he byte level and parity. In RAID 5, the parity information i s written to several drives. RAID 5 is best su ited for networks that perfor m many small I/O transac tions simultaneously.

RAID 5 addresses the bottlen eck issue for random I/O operation s. Since each drive contains both data and parity, numerous writes can take place concurrently. In addition, robust caching algorithms a nd hardware ba sed

3-4 R AID Levels

exclusive-or assist make RAID 5 perform ance exceptional in many different environments.

Uses Provides high data throughput, esp ecial ly f o r large files . Us e

Strong Points Provides data redundancy and good performance in most

Weak Po in ts Disk drive performance is reduced if a drive is being rebuilt.

Drives 3 to 15

Figure 3.3 shows a RAID 5 array with six disk drives.

Figure 3.3 RAID 5 Array

RAID 5 for transaction processing applications, because each drive can read and write independently. If a drive fails, the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 uses the parity drive to recreate all missing information. Use also for office automation and online customer service that requires fault tolerance. Use for any application that has high read request rates but low write request rates.

environments

Environments with few processes do not perform as well because the RAID overhead is not offset by the performance gains in handling simultaneous processes.

MegaRAID Controller

Note: Parity is distributed

across drives in the array.

Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 Disk 5 Dis k 6

Segment 1 Segment 7

Parity (9–12)

Segment 2 Segment 8

Data Flow

Segment 3 Segment 9

Parity (5–8)

Segment 4

Segment 10

Segment 5

Segment 11

Parity (1–4)

Segment 6

Segment 12

RAID 5 3-5

3.5 RAID 10

RAID 10 is a combin ation of RA ID 0 and RAID 1. RAI D 10 ha s mirrored drives. RAID 10 breaks up da ta into sm aller blocks, and then s tripes the blocks of data to each RAID 1 RAID set. Eac h RAID 1 RAID set then duplicates its data to its other drive. The size of each block is determined by the stripe size parameter, which is set during the creation of th e RA ID set. RAID 10 can sustain one to four drive failures while maintaining data integrity, if each failed disk is i n a different RAID 1 array.

Uses Works best for data storage that must have 100%

Strong Points Provides both high data transfer rates and complete data

Weak Po in ts Requires twice as many drives as all other RAID levels

Drives 4 to 16

redundancy of mirrored arrays and that also needs the enhanced I/O performance of RAID 0 (striped arr ays). RAID 10 works well for medium-sized databases or any environment that requires a higher degree of fault tolerance and moderate to medium capacity.

redundancy.

except RAID 1.

Figure 3.4 shows a RAID 10 array with four disk dr ives.

3-6 R AID Levels

Figure 3.4 RAID 1 0 Array

MegaRAID Controller

Data Flow

3.6 RAID 50

Segment 1 Segment 3 Segment 5

RAID 1

Disk 1 Disk 4Disk 3

Segment 1 Segment 3 Segment 5

Disk 2

Segment 2 Segment 4 Segment 6

RAID 0

RAID 1

Segment 2

Segment 2 Segment 4

Segment 4 Segment 6

Segment 6

RAID 50 provides the features of both RAID 0 and RAID 5, including both parity and disk striping across mul tiple drives. RAID 50 is bes t implemented on two RAID 5 disk arrays with data striped across both disk arrays. RAID 50 breaks up data into smaller blocks, and then stripes the blocks of data to each RAID 5 RAI D set. RAID 5 bre aks up data into smaller blocks, calculates par ity by performing an exclusive-or on the blocks, and then writes the blocks of data and pa rity to each dr ive in the array. The s ize of each block is deter mined by the str ipe size parameter, which is set during the creation of the RAID set.

RAID 50 3-7

RAID 50 can sustai n one to four drive failures while maintaini ng data integrity, if each failed disk is i n a different RAID 5 array.

Uses Works best when used with data that requires high

Strong Points Provides high data throughput, data redundancy, and very

Weak Po in ts Requires 2 to 4 times as many parity drives as RAID 5. Drives 6 to 15

Figure 3.5 shows a RAID 50 array with si x disk drives.

Figure 3.5 RAID 5 0 Array

reliability, high request rates, high data transfer, and medium to large capacity.

good performance.

The initiator takes one ID per channel. This leaves 15 IDs available for one channel.

MegaRAID Controller

RAID 5

Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3

Segment 1 Segment 6

Parity (9-10)

Segment 2 Parity (5-6) Segment 9

3-8 R AID Levels

Parity (1-2) Segment 5

Segment 10

Data Flow

RAID 0

Disk 4 Disk 5 Disk 6

Segment 3 Segment 8

Parity (11-12)

RAID 5

Segment 4 Parity (7-8)

Segment 11

Parity (3-4) Segment 7

Segment 12

Chapter 4 Features

This chapter explains the features of the Me gaRAID SCSI 320-1. It contains the following sections :

· Section 4.1, “SMART Technology”

· Section 4.2, “Confi guration on Disk”

· Section 4.3, “Confi guration Features”

· Section 4.4, “Array Performance Features”

· Section 4.5, “RAID Management Features”

· Section 4.6, “Fault Tolerance Features”

· Section 4.7, “Soft ware Utilities”

· Section 4.8, “Operating System Software Drivers”

· Section 4.9, “Mega RAID SCSI 320-1 Speci fications”

· Section 4.10, “RAI D Management”

· Section 4.11, “Com patibility”

MegaRAID is a family of high perform ance intelligent PCI-to-SCSI h ost adapters with RAID co ntrol c apabiliti es. The Me gaRAID S CSI 32 0-1 h as a SCSI channel that su pports Ultra320 an d Wide SCSI at data transfer rates up to 320 Mbytes/s. The SCSI c hannel suppor ts up to 15 Wide devices and up to seven non-Wide devices.

4.1 SMART Technology

The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 Self Monitorin g Analysis and Repor ting Tec hnology (SMART) detects up to 70% of all predictable dr ive failures. SMART monitors the internal performance of all motors, heads, and drive electronics.

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide 4-1

4.2 Configur ation on Disk

Configuration on Disk (d rive roaming) saves configuration informatio n both in nonvolatile random access memor y ( NVRAM) o n the Mega RAID SCSI 320-1, and on the di sk drives controlled by the MegaR AID SCSI 320-1. If the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 is replaced, the new Mega RAID SCSI 320-1 controller can detect the actual RAID configuration, maintaining the integrity of the data on each drive, even if the drives have changed channel an d/or target ID.

4.3 Configur ation Features

Table 4.1 contains the configuration features for the MegaRAID 320-1.

Table 4.1 Configuration Features

Specification Feature

RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 10, and 50 SCSI channels 1 Maximum number of drives per channel 15 Array interface to host PCI 2.2 Drive interface Fast and Wide, Ultra320 single-

Upgradeable cache size Cache memory onboard Cache function Write-through, write-back, adaptive

Multiple logical drives/arrays per controller

Maximum number o f MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 controllers per system

Online capacity expansion Yes Hot spare support Yes

ended and low-voltage differential (LVD)

read-ahead, no read-ahead, readahead

Up to 40 logical drives per controller

12

4-2 Features

Table 4.1 Configuration Features (Cont.)

Specification Feature

Flashable fi rmware Yes Hot swap devices supported Yes Non-disk devices sup porte d Yes Mixed capacity hard disk drives Yes Number of 16-bit internal connectors 1 Number of 16-bit external connectors 1 Suppor t for hard di sk drives with

capacities of more than 8 Gbytes. Clustering support (Failover control) No Online RAID level migration Yes RAID remapp ing Yes No reboot necessary after expansion Yes More than 20 0 Qtags per physic al drive Yes Hardware clustering support on the

board User-speci fied rebuild rate Yes

4.4 Array Performance Features

Table 4.2 lists the array performance features.

Table 4.2 Array Performance Features

Specification Feature

Yes

Host data transfer rate 533 Mbytes/s Drive data transfer rate 320 Mbytes/s Stripe sizes 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 Kbytes

Array Performance Features 4-3

4.5 RAID Management Features

Table 4.3 lists the RAID management features.

Table 4.3 RAID Management Features

Specification Feature

Support for SNMP Yes Performance Monito r provided Yes Remote control and monitoring Yes Event broadcast and event alert Yes Hardware connector RS232C Drive roamin g Yes Support for concurrent multiple stripe sizes Yes Windows NT, 2000, XP, and .NET server support using a GUI

client utility

4.6 Fault Tolerance Features

Table 4.4 lists the fault tolerance features.

Table 4.4 Fault Tolerance Features

Specification Feature

Support for SMART Yes Enclosure management SCSI-accessed fault-tolerant

Drive failure detection Automatic Drive rebuild using hot spares Automatic Parity generation for RAID Hardware

Yes

enclosure (SAF-TE) compliant

4-4 Features

4.7 Software Utilities

Table 4.5 lists the software utilit y features.

Table 4.5 Software Utilit ies

Specification Feature

Graphical user interface Yes Management utility Yes Bootup configuration using MegaRAID Manager Yes Online read, write, and cache policy switching Yes

4.8 Operating System Software Drivers

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 includes a DOS software configuration utility, and drivers for:

· Windows NT 4.0

· Windows 2000

· Windows .NET

· Windows XP

· Novell NetWare 5.1, 6.0

· Red Hat Linux 7.2, 7.3

· DOS version 6.xx or later

The DOS drivers for MegaRAID are co ntained in the firm ware on the MegaRAID controller, except for the DOS ASPI and CD drivers. Call your LSI OEM suppor t representative or acce ss the web site at

www.lsilogic.com

systems.

for information about drivers for other operatin g

Software Utilities 4-5

4.9 MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Specifications

Table 4.6 lists the specifications for the SCSI 320-1.

Table 4.6 MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Specifications

Parameter Specification

Card size Low profile PCI Adapter card size (6.875" X 2.5") Processor Intel GC80302 64-bit RISC processor at 100 MHz Bus type PCI 2.2 SCSI controller LSI Logic 53C1020 PCI controller Intel GC80302 Bus data transfer rate Up to 532 Mbytes/s BIOS MegaRAID BIOS Cache configuration Predefined during manufacturing; ECC through a

66 MHz 72-bit unbuffered 3.3 V SDRAM Firmware 1 MB × 8 flash ROM Non-volatil e random

access memory (NVRAM)

Operating voltage 5.00 V ± 0.25 V SCSI controller One SCSI controller for Ultra320 and Wide support SCSI data transfer rate Up to 320 Mbytes/s SCSI bus LVD or single-ended SCSI termination Active, single-ended or LVD Termination disable Automatic through cable and device detection Devices per SCSI

channel

SCSI device types supported

RAID levels supported 0, 1, 5, 10, and 50

32 KB × 8 for storing RAID configuration

Up to 15 Wide or 7 non-Wide SCSI devices. Up to 6

non-disk SCSI drives per MegaRAID SCSI 320-1

controller.

Synchronous or asynchronous. Disk and non-disk.

4-6 Features

Table 4.6 MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Specifications (Cont.)

Parameter Specification

SCSI connectors One 68-pin internal high-density connector for 16-bit

Serial port 3-pin RS232C-compatible berg

4.9.1 PCI Bridge/ CPU

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 us es the Intel GC80302 PCI bridge with an embedded 80960JT RIS C processor r unning at 66 MHz. The GC80302 bridge handles d ata transfers between the primar y (host) PCI bus, the secondar y PCI bus, cache memory, and the SCSI bus. The DMA controller suppor ts chaining and unaligned data transfers. The embedded 80960JT CPU directs all controller functions, including command processi ng, SCSI bus transfers, RAID processing, dr ive rebuilding, cache managemen t, and error recovery.

4.9.2 Cache Memory

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 cache memory r esides in an onboard m emory bank that uses 2 M x 72 (16 Mbyte), 4 M x 72 (32 Mbyte), 8 M x 72 (6 4 Mbyte) or 16 M x 72 (128 M byte) unbuffered 3.3 V SDRAM. Possible configurations are 8, 16, 3 2, 64, or 128 Mbytes. The maximum achievable memory bandwidth is 528 Mbytes/s.

SCSI devices. One very-hig h density 6 8-pin extern al

connector for Ultra and Wide SCSI.

MegaRAID suppor ts write-through o r write-back caching, whic h can be selected for each logical drive. To improve performance in sequential disk accesses, MegaRAID does not use read-ahead cachi ng for the current logical drive. The default setting for the read policy is Normal, meaning no read-ahead cachi ng. You can disable read-ahead caching.

Warning:

4.9.3 MegaRAID BIOS

The BIOS resides on a 1 MB × 8 flash ROM for easy upgrade. The MegaRAID BIOS suppor ts INT 13h calls to boo t DOS without special

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Specifications 4-7

Write caching is not recommended for the physical drives. When write cac he is ena bled, loss of data can oc cur when power is interrupted.

software or device drivers. The MegaR AID BIOS provides an extensive setup utility that c an be accessed by pressing <Ctrl><M> at B IOS initialization. The Me gaRAID BIOS Configurati on Utility is descri bed in the MegaRAID Configurati on Software Guide.

4.9.4 Serial Port

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 includes a 3-pin RS232C-compatible seri al port berg connector, which can conne ct to communications devices.

4.9.5 SCSI Bus

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 has a Fast and Wide Ultra320 SCSI channel that suppor ts both LVD and single-ended devices with ac tive termination. Synchronous and asy nchronous devices are suppor ted. MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 provides automa tic termination d isable using cable detection. The SCSI channe l supports up to 15 Wide or seven non-Wide SCSI devices at speeds u p to 320 Mbytes/s. MegaRAID SCS I 320-1 suppor ts up to

six non-dis k devices per controller.

4.9.6 SCSI Connectors

The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 has two types of SCS I connectors:

· 68-pin high density internal connec tor

· 68-pin very-high-de nsity external connector

Both connector types c an be used for the SCSI channel.

4.9.7 SCSI Termination

The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 uses active termina tion on the SCSI bus, conforming to Alter native 2 of the SCSI-2 specif ications. Termination enable/disable is automatic thr ough cable detection.

4-8 Features

4.9.8 SCSI Firmw are

The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 firmware handle s all RAID and SCSI command processi ng and also suppor ts the features listed in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7 SC SI Firmware

Feature Description

Disconnect/ reconnect

Tagged command queuing

Scatter/gather Multiple address/count pairs Multi-threading Up to 255 simultaneous commands with elevator sorting

Stripe si ze Variable for all lo gical dr ives: 2, 4, 8, 1 6, 32, 64, o r

Rebuild Multiple rebuilds and consistency checks, with user-

4.10 RAID Management

RAID management is p rovided by software utilities that manage and configure the RAID syst em and MegaRAID SCSI 320- 1, create and manage multiple disk arrays, control and mon itor multiple RAID se rvers, provide error statisti cs logging, and provide on line maintenance. They include:

Optimizes SCSI bus seek

Multiple tags to improve random access

and concatenation of requests per SCSI channel

128 Kbytes

definable priority

· MegaRAID BIOS Configuratio n Utility

· WebBIOS Configuration Utility

· Power Console Plus

· MegaRAID Manager

4.10.1 MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility

The BIOS Configuration Uti lity (<Ctrl><M>) is use d to configure and maintain RAID arrays, format hard drives, and manage the RAID system.

RAID Management 4-9

It is independent of any ope rating system. See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional information.

4.10.2 WebBIOS Configuration Utility

The WebBIOS Configuration Utility is an HTML-based utility used to configure and maintain RAID arrays, format hard drives, and manage the RAID system. See the Me gaRAID Configuration Software Guide for additional informa tion.

4.10.3 Power Console Plus

Power Console Plus runs in Windows NT, 2000, XP, and .NET. It configures, monitors, and mai ntains multiple RAID ser vers from any network node or a remo te location. See the MegaRA ID Configuration Software Guide for additional informati on.

4.10.4 MegaRAID Manager

This is a character-based ut ility that wor ks in DOS, Novell NetWare, and Red Hat Linux. See the MegaRA ID Configuration Software Guide for additional informa tion.

4.11 Compatibility

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 compatibility issues include:

· Server management

· SCSI device compa tibility

· Software compatibility

4.11.1 Server Management

As a simple networ k management protocol (SNM P) agent, MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 suppor ts all SNMP manager s.

4.11.2 SCSI Device Compatibility

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 suppo r ts SCSI hard dr ives, CD drives, and tape drives.

4-10 Features

4.11.3 Software

All SCSI backup and utility software should work with MegaRAID SCSI 320-1. This software is not provid ed with MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 .

Compatibility 4-11

4-12 Features

Chapter 5 Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical Drives

This chapter explains how to configure SCS I physical dr ives, arrays, and logical drives connected to the MegaRAID SCSI 320- 1 controller. It contains the following sections :

· Section 5.1, “Confi guring SCSI Physical Dr ives”

· Section 5.2, “Confi guring Arrays”

· Section 5.3, “Cre ating Logical Drives”

· Section 5.4, “Confi guring Logical Dr ives”

· Section 5.5, “Pla nning the Array Configuration”

5.1 Confi guring SCSI Physical Drives

SCSI physical drives must be organ ized into logical drives. The arrays and logical dri ves that you construct must be able to suppor t the RAID level that you select. The MegaRAID SCSI 320 -1 controller has one SCSI channel.

5.1.1 Basic Configuration Rules

You should observe the following guideli nes when connecting and configuring SCS I devices in a RAID array:

· You can pla ce up to 15 physical dr ives in an a rray, depending on the

RAID level.

· Include all drives that h ave the same capacity in the same array.

· Make sure any hot spare has a ca pacity that is at leas t as large as

the largest dri ve that may be replaced by the hot spare.

· When replacing a failed drive, make sure that the re placement dr ive

has a capacity that i s at least as large as the d rive being replaced.

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide 5-1

Note: Be su re to back up your data regular ly, even when using

RAID.

5.1.2 Current Physical Device Configuration

Use Table 5.1 to record the current configuration for your physical devices.

Table 5.1 Physical Device Configuration - SCSI Channel 1

SCSI ID Device Description Termination?

0 1 2 3 4 5

10 11 12 13 14 15

6 8 9

5-2 Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical Drives

5.1.3 Logical Drive Configuration

Use Table 5.2 to record the configu ration for your logical drives.

Table 5.2 Logical Drive Configuration

Logical

Drive

LD0 LD1 LD2 LD3 LD4 LD5 LD6 LD7 LD8

LD9 LD10 LD11 LD12 LD13

RAID Level

Stripe

Size

Logical Drive

Size

Cache Policy

Read

Policy

Write

Policy

# of Physical

Drives

LD14 LD15 LD16 LD17 LD18 LD19 LD20 LD21

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives 5-3

Table 5.2 Logical Drive Configuration (Cont.)

Logical

Drive

LD22 LD23 LD24 LD25 LD26 LD27 LD28 LD29 LD30 LD31 LD32 LD33 LD34 LD35

RAID Level

Stripe

Size

Logical Drive

Size

Cache Policy

Read

Policy

Write

Policy

# of Physical

Drives

LD36 LD37 LD38 LD39

5-4 Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical Drives

5.1.4 Physical Device Layout

Use Table 5.3 to record the physical device layout.

Table 5.3 Physical Device Layout

Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number

Channel 1

Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives 5-5

Table 5.3 Physical Device Layout (Cont.)

Channel 1

Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number

5-6 Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical Drives

Table 5.3 Physical Device Layout (Cont.)

Channel 1

Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level

Configuring SCSI Physical Drives 5-7

Table 5.3 Physical Device Layout (Cont.)

Target ID Device type Logical drive number/Drive number Manufacturer/M odel number Firmware level

5.2 Configur ing Arrays

You organize the physical dis k drives in arrays after they are connected to the MegaRAID SCSI 32 0-1, and after they are formatted an d initialized. An array can consist o f up to 15 physical disk dr ives, depending on the RAID level.

Channel 1

The MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 su ppor ts up to eight arrays. The number of drives in an array determine s the RAID levels that can be suppor ted.

5.2.1 Arranging Arrays

You must arran ge the arrays to provide additional organ ization for the drive array. You must arrange arrays so that you can create system drives that can function as boot devices.

You can se quentially arrange arrays with an id entical number of dri ves so that the drives in th e group are spanned. Spanne d drives can be treated as one large d rive. Data can b e str iped a cros s multiple arrays as one logical dri ve.

You can cr eate spanned drives by using the Meg aRAID BIOS Setup utility or the MegaRAID Ma nager.

5.2.2 Creating Hot Spares

Any drive that is present, formatted, an d initiali zed, but is not included in a array or logical drive is automa tically designated as a hot spare.

5-8 Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical Drives

You can also designate dr ives as hot spares using the Mega RAID BIOS Configuration Utility, the MegaRAID Manager, or Power Console Plus.

5.3 Creating Logical Drives

Logical drives are arrays or spanned arrays that are presented to the operating system. You must create one or m ore logical drives.

The logical dri ve capacity can i nclude all or any por tion of an array. The logical drive capacity can also be larger than an array by using spanning. The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 supports up to 40 logical dr ives.

5.3.1 Configuration Strategies

The most impor tant factors in RAID array configuration ar e: drive capacity, drive availability (fault tolerance), an d drive performance. You cannot configure a l ogical drive that optim izes all three factors, but it is easy to choose a lo gica l dr ive conf iguration t hat maximizes one factor a t the expense of the other two factors, although n eeds are seldom that simple.

5.3.1.1 Maximize Capacity

RAID 0 achieves maximum drive capacity, but does not provide data redundancy. Maximum drive capacity for each RAID level is shown below. OEM-level firmware tha t can span up to 4 logic al drives is assumed. Table 5.4 descr ibes the RAID levels, including the number of drives required, and the capacity.

Table 5.4 Capacity for RAID Levels

RAID Level Description

0Striping

without parity 1 Mirroring 2 (Capacity of smallest disk) X (1) 5 Striping with

floating parity

drive

Creating L ogical Dri ves 5-9

Drives Required Capacity

1 – 15 (Number of disks) X capacity of

smallest disk

3 – 15 (Num ber of disks) X (capacity of

smallest disk) - (capacity of 1 disk)

Table 5.4 Capacity for RAID Levels (Cont.)

RAID Level Description

10 Mirroring and

Striping

50 RAID 5 and

Striping

Note: The M egaraid SCSI 320-1 contr oller suppor ts a maximum

of 15 physical drives.

5.3.1.2 Maximizing Drive Availability

You can max im ize the availability o f data on t he physical dis k dr ive in th e logical array by maximizing t he level of fault tolerance. Table 5.5 describes the levels of fault tolerance for the RAID levels.

Table 5.5 Fault Tolerance for RAID Levels

RAID Level Fault Tolerance Protection

Drives Required Capacity

4 – 14 (Must be a multiple of 2.)

6 – 15 (Must be a multiple of the number of arrays.)

(Number of disks) X (cap acity of smallest disk ) / (2)

(Number of disks) X (cap acity of smallest dis k) – (c apac ity of 1 d isk X number of Arrays)

0 No fault tolerance. 1 100% protection through data mirroring. 5 100% protection through striping and parity. The data is striped

and parity data is written across a number of physical disk

drives. 10 100% protection through data mirroring. 50 100% protection through data striping and parity. All data is

striped and parity data is written across all drives in two or

more arrays.

5.3.1.3 Maximizing Drive Performance

You can co nfigure an array for optimal performance. But optimal dr ive configuration for one type of application will probably no t be optimal for any other application. A basic guideline of t he performance

5-10 Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical Drives

characteristic s for RAID drive arrays at each RAID level is shown in

Table 5.6.

Table 5.6 Performance Characteristics for RAID Levels

RAID Level Performance Characteristics

0 Excellent for all types of I/O activity, but provides no data

security. 1 Provides data redundancy and good performance. 5 Provides data redundancy and good performance in most

environments.

10 Provides data redundancy and excellent performance. 50 Provides data redundancy and very good performance.

5.3.2 Assigning RAID Levels

Only one RAID level can be assigned to ea ch logical drive. Table 5.7 shows the drives required per RAID level.

Table 5.7 Number of Physical Driv es for RAID Levels

RAID

Level Minimum # of Physical Drives Maximum # of Physical Drives

01 15 12 2

53 15 10 4 14 50 6 15

Note:

The Megaraid SCSI 320-1 controller suppor ts a maximum of 15 physical drives.

Creating L ogical Dri ves 5-11

5.4 Configur ing Logical Drives

After you have installed the MegaRAID SCS I 320-1 controller in the server and have attached all physical disk drives, perform the following actions to prepare a RA ID array:

1. Optimize the MegaRAID SCSI 320- 1 controller options for your system. See Chapte r 6 for additional information.

2. If necessary, perform a low-level format of the SCSI drives that will be included in the ar ray and the drives to be used for hot spares.

3. Press <Ctrl><M> to r un the MegaRAID Manag er.

4. Customize the RAID array and define and config ure one or more logical drives by selecti ng Easy Configuration or New Configuration.

5. Create and configure one or mor e system drives (logical drives) by selecting the RAID level, cache policy, read policy, and write policy.

6. Save the configuration.

7. Initialize the system dr ives. After initializati on, you can install the operatin g system.

5.4.1 Optimizing Data Storage

5.4.1.1 Data Access Requirements

Each type of data stored in the disk subs ystem has a different freque ncy of read and writ e acti vity. If you know the data access requirements, you can more successf ully determine a strategy for optimizing the disk subsystem capaci ty, availability, and performance.

Servers that support Video on Dema nd typica lly read the da ta often, but write data infrequ ently. Both the read and write operations tend to be long. Data stored on a general-purpos e file server involves relatively short rea d and write operation s with relatively small files.

5.4.1.2 Array Functions

You must fir st define the major pur pose of the disk ar ray. Will this disk array increase the system storage ca pacity for general-purp ose file and print servers? Doe s this disk array suppor t any software system that

5-12 Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical Drives

must be available 24 hours per day? Will the informa tion stored in this disk array contain large audi o or video files that must be available on demand? Will this dis k array contain data from a n imaging s ystem? You must identify the p urpo se of th e data to be sto red in the disk sub system before you can confidently choose a RAID level and a RAID configuration.

5.5 Planni ng the Array Configuration

Fill out Table 5.8 to help plan this array.

Table 5.8 Factors for Planning the Array Configuration

Question Answer

Number of physical disk drives in the array Purpose of this array. Rank the following factors:

Maximize drive cap acity Maximize the safety of the data (fault tolerance)

Maximize hard drive performance and throughput Number of hot spares Amount of cache memory installed on MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Are all of the disk drives and the server protected by an

uninterruptible power supply?

5.5.1 Using the Array Configuration Planner

The following table lists the possi ble RAID levels, fault tolerance, and effective capacity for all possible drive configuratio ns for an array consisting of one to e ight drives. This table does not take into account any hot spare (standby) drives. You should always have a hot spare drive in case of drive failure. RAID 1 requires two drives, RAID 10 at least four, and RAID 50 at least six.

Planning the Array Configuration 5-13

Use Table 5.9 to plan the array configuration.

Table 5.9 Array Configuration Planner

# of Drives

Possible

RAID Levels

Relative

Performance

Fault

Tolerance

1 None Excellent No 100% 1 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 2 None Excellent No 100% 2 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 2 RAID 1 Good Ye s 50% 3 None Excellent No 100% 3 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 3 RAID 5 Good Ye s 67% 4 None Excellent No 100% 4 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 4 RAID 5 Good Ye s 75% 4 RAID 10 Good Yes 50% 5 None Excellent No 100% 5 RAID 0 Excellent No 100%

Effective Capacity

5 RAID 5 Good Ye s 80% 6 None Excellent No 100% 6 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 6 RAID 5 Good Ye s 83% 6 RAID 10 Good Yes 50% 6 RAID 50 Good Yes 67% 7 None Excellent No 100% 7 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 7 RAID 5 Good Ye s 86% 8 None Excellent No 100%

5-14 Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical Drives

Table 5.9 Array Configuration Planner (Cont.)

# of Drives

Possible

RAID Levels

Relative

Performance

Fault

Tolerance

8 RAID 0 Excellent No 100% 8 RAID 5 Good Ye s 87% 8 RAID 10 Good Yes 50% 8 RAID 50 Good Yes 75%

Effective Capacity

Planning the Array Configuration 5-15

5-16 Configuring Physical Drives, Arrays, and Logical Drives

Chapter 6 Hardware Installation

This chapter explains how to install the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 controller. It contains the following secti ons:

· Section 6.1, “Hardware Re quirements”

· Section 6.2, “Instal lation Steps”

· Section 6.3, “Summar y”

6.1 Hardware Requirements

You must have the following in order to install the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 controller and creat e arrays:

· A host computer with the following:

– A motherboa rd with 5 V/3.3 V PCI expansion slots that has an

available expansion slot – Suppor t for PCI version 2.2 or later – Intel Pentium, Pentium Pro, or more powerful CPU – Floppy drive, color monitor, VGA adapter card , mouse, and

keyboard

· The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 Installation CD

· The necessar y int er nal and/or exter na l SCSI ca bles and te r min ators

(this depends on the num ber and type of SCSI devices to b e attached)

· An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) for the en tire system

· Ultra320, Ultra, Fast SCSI 2 or Wide SCSI har d disk drives

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide 6-1

6.2 Installation Steps

The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 provides extensive customization option s. If you need only basic MegaRA ID SCS I 320-1 features and your compu ter does not use other adapter cards with resource settings that may conflict with MegaRAID SCSI 32 0-1 settings, even custom installation can be quick and easy.

Table 6.1 lists the hardware in stallation st eps. Each step is d escribed in

detail in the following pages.

Table 6.1 Hardware Installation Steps

Step Action Additional Information

1 Unpack the MegaRAID controller and

inspect for dama ge. Make sure all i tems are in the package.

2 Turn the computer off and remove the

power cord, and remove the cover.

3 Check the jumper settings on the

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 controller.

4 Set SCSI termination. 5 Install the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 card. 6 Connect the SCSI cables to SCSI devices. 7 Set the target IDs for the SCSI devices. 8 Replace the computer cover and turn the

power on.

9 Run the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration

Utility.

10 Install software dr ivers for the desired

operating systems.

If damaged, call your LSI Logic OEM support representative.

See page 6-3 for the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 jumper settings.

Be sure the S CSI devices are powered up before, or at the same time as, the host computer.

Optional.

6-2 Hardware Installation

6.2.1 Step 1: Unpack

Unpack and install the hardware i n a static-free environment. R emove the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 controller card from the anti-static bag and inspect it for damage. If the c ard appears damaged, o r if any item lis ted below is missing, conta ct LSI Logic or your MegaRAI D OEM suppor t representative. The MegaRAID SCSI 320- 1 co ntrol ler is shi pp ed wit h the following:

· The Driver and Documenta tion CD, which contains these items:

– The M egaRAID Configuration Soft ware Guide – The M egaRAID Operating Sys tem Driver Installation Gu ide – The M egaRAID SCSI 320-1 H ardware Guide – The software l icense agreement – The Mega RAID SCSI 320-1 config uration utilities for DOS

· The warranty registration car d

6.2.2 Step 2: Power Down

Tur n off the computer, remove the power cord, then remove the cover. Make sure the computer is tur ned off and disconne cted from any networks before installi ng the controller card.

6.2.3 Step 3: Check Jumper Se ttings

Make sure the jumper settin gs on the MegaRAID SCSI 32 0-1 card are correct. The jumpers are set at the factory and you probably do not nee d to change them. Table 6.2 lists th e jumpers (and a co nnector).

Table 6.2 Jumpers for the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1

Item Description Type

J2 Dirty cache LED 2-pin header J3 Clear EPROM 2-pin header J4 BIOS enable 2-pin header J5 SCSI activity LED 2-pin connector J6 Serial port 3-pin header

Installat ion Steps 6-3

Table 6.2 Jumpers for the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1

Item Description Type

J8 Battery backup unit ( BBU)

40-pin header

daughter card connector

J9 SCSI bus termination power 2-pin header

J10 SCSI bus termination enable

3-pin header

control

Figure 6.1 shows the location of th ese items on the MegaRA ID SCSI

320-1 controller.

Figure 6.1 MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Controller Layout

Internal High-Density

68-pin SCSI Connector

J1

J7

J9

J3 J4 J5 J6

J2

Optional Backup

Battery Board

Connector

J8

J10

External Very High-Density

68-pin SCSI Connector

6.2.3.1 J2 Dirty Cache LED

J2 is a two-pin heade r for the dirty cache L ED. This can be connec ted to an LED on the com puter enclosure. The LED will be lit when data in the cache has not yet bee n written to the storage d evice.

6-4 Hardware Installation

6.2.3.2 J3 Clear EPROM

J3 is a two-pin header th at clears the erasable progammable read-on ly memory (EPROM) c onfiguration data.

6.2.3.3 J4 BIOS Enable

J4 is a 2-pin header that enables or disables the Mega RAID onboard BIOS. The onboard BIOS sh oul d be ena bled (J4 un jum per ed ) for nor mal board position. Table 6.3 shows the jum per settings.

Table 6.3 Pinout for J4 BIOS Enable

J4 Setting Onboard BIOS Status

Unjumpered Enabled Jumpered Disabled

6.2.3.4 J5 SCSI Activity LED

J5 is a two-pin connec tor that attaches to a cable that con nects to the hard disk LED mounted on the comp uter enclosure. The LED indicates data transfers (SCSI bus activity.)

6.2.3.5 J6 Serial Port

J6 is a 3-pin header tha t attaches to a ser ial cable. This is used for test purposes on ly.

6.2.3.6 J8 Connector for Optional BBU Daughter Card

J8 is 40-pin conn ector that is use d to mount an opti onal batter y backup unit that is on a daughte rcard.

6.2.3.7 J9 SCSI Bus Termination Power

J9 is a 2-pin jumper. The factory setting is pins 1-2 sh orted. Leave at the default setting (jumper inst alled) for J9 to allow the PCI bus to provide termination power.

Installat ion Steps 6-5

6.2.3.8 J10 Termination Enable

J10 is a three-pin header that specifies hardware or software cont rol of SCSI termin ation, as shown in Table 6.4. Leave at the default setting (jumper on pins 1 and 2) to allow the MegaRAID contr oller to automatically set i ts own SCSI termi nation.

Table 6.4 Pinout for J10 Termination Enable

Type of SCSI Termination J10 Setting

Software cont rol of SCSI terminat ion using d rive detection (default).

Permanently disable all onboard SCSI termination. Short pins 2-3 Permanently enable all onboard SCSI termination. OPEN

6.2.4 Step 4: Set Termination

You must ter minate th e SCSI bus proper ly. Set termination at both ends of the SCSI cable. The SCSI bus is an electrical tran smission line and must be termin ated properly to mi nimize reflections and lo sses.

For a disk array, se t SCSI bus terminat ion so that removing or adding a SCSI device does not distur b termination. An easy way to do this is to connect the card to on e end of the SCSI cable and to conn ect a terminator module at the other end of the cable. The connectors between the two ends can connect SCSI devices. Disable termination on the SCSI devices. See the manual for each SCSI device to disa ble termination.

6.2.4.1 SCSI Termination

The SCSI bus is an electrical transmission line and it must be terminated properly to minimi ze reflections and lo sses. You c omplete the SCSI bus by setting termination at both ends.

Short pins 1-2

You can le t the card automati cally provide SCSI ter mination at one end of the SCSI bus. Yo u can terminate the other end of the SCSI bus by attaching an external SCS I termina tor module to the end of the cable or by attaching a SCSI device that internally terminates the SCSI bus at the end of the SCSI chann el.

6-6 Hardware Installation

6.2.4.2 Selecting a Terminator

Use standard external SCSI t er mi nators o n a SCS I cha nnel o peratin g at 10 Mbytes/s or higher synchro nous data transfer.

6.2.4.3 Terminating Internal SCSI Disk Arrays

Set the ter mination so tha t SCSI term ination and termination power are intact when any hard drive is removed from a SCSI channel, as shown in Figure 6.2.

Installat ion Steps 6-7

Figure 6.2 Termination of Internal SCSI Disk Arrays

Termination Enabled

ID2

ID1 – No Termination

ID0 – Boot Drive No Termination

6-8 Hardware Installation

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 SCSI ID 7

6.2.4.4 Terminating External Di sk Arrays

In most array enclosures, the end of the SCSI c able has an ind epende nt SCSI termin ator module that is not part of any SCSI drive. In this way, SCSI terminat ion is no t disturbed wh en any drive is removed, as shown in Figure 6.3:

Figure 6.3 Terminating Extern al Disk Arrays

External

SCSI Drive s

ID 0 ID 1 ID 2 ID 3 ID 4 ID 5 ID 6

Termination

Enabled

6.2.4.5 Terminating Internal and External Disk Arrays

You can us e both interna l and external dr ives with the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1. You still must make sure that the prop er SCSI termination a nd terminatio n power is preserved, as shown in Figure 6.4:

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1

SCSI ID 7

Installat ion Steps 6-9

Figure 6.4 Terminating Internal and External Disk A rrays

Terminator

External

SCSI Drive s

Host Computer

ID2

ID1 – No Termination

ID 0 ID 1

ID 2 ID 3

ID 4

ID 5

ID 6*

Note: *Termination enabled from

last SCSI drive

ID0 – Boot Drive No Termination

SCSI 320-1 SCSI ID 7

6-10 Hardware Installation

6.2.4.6 Connecting Non-Disk SCSI Devices

SCSI tape drives and SC SI CD-ROM drives must each have a unique SCSI ID regardless of the SCSI channel they are atta ched to. The general rule for Unix syst ems is:

· Tape drive set to SCSI ID 2

· CD-ROM drive set to SCSI ID 5

Caution:

Since all non-disk SCSI devices are single en ded, it is not advisable to attach a non-disk device to a MegaRA ID SC SI 320-1 RAID control ler if LVD disk drives are also atta ched. This is because the S CSI bus will then operate in sing leended mode.

Figure 6.5 Connecting Non-Disk SCSI Devices

Host Computer

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1

SCSI ID 7

Internal SCSI Drives

ID0 Boot Drive No Termination

ID1 No Termination

ID2

Termination Enabled

ID5

External SCSI

CD-RO M Drive

No Termination

ID2

External SCSI

Tape Drive

Termination Enabled

Installat ion Steps 6-11

6.2.5 Step 5: Install MegaRAID SCSI 320-1

Select a 3.3 V or 5 V PCI slot and align the Me gaRAID SCSI 320-1 controller bus connector with th e slot. Figure 6.6 shows the differences between the 3.3 V and 5 V slots.

Figure 6.6 3.3 V and 5 V PCI Slots

Insert the M egaRAID SCSI 320-1 card i n the PCI slot, as shown in

Figure 6.7. Press down gently but fir mly to make sure that the card is

properly seated in the slot. The bottom edge of the controller card should be flush with the s lot. Attach t he bracket to the compu ter frame with the bracket screw.

6-12 Hardware Installation

Figure 6.7 Installing the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Controller

Bracket Screw

6.2.6 Step 6: Connect SCSI Devices

Use SCSI cables to connectSCSI devices to the MegaR AID SC SI 32 0-1. The MegaRAID SCSI 3 20-1 provides two SCSI connectors :

· J1, the inter nal high-den sity 68-pi n SCSI con nector for Wide (16-b it)

SCSI

· J7, the external ver y high-density 68-pin S CSI connector

Use this procedure to c onnect SCSI devices:

1. Disable termination on any SCSI device that does not sit at the end of the SCSI bus.

Installat ion Steps 6-13

32-bit Slots (3.3 V)

64-bit Slots (5 V)

2. Configure all SCSI devices to sup ply Ter mPWR.

3. Set proper target IDs (TIDs) for each SCSI device. The cable length can be up to 20 m.

6.2.6.1 Cable Suggestions

System throughput pr oblems can occur if SCSI ca ble use is not maximized. Here are some cabling guidelines:

· You can us e cables up to 12 meters for LVD devices.

· For single-ended SCSI devices, use the shor test SCSI cables.

· Use active termination.

· Avoid clustering the cable nodes.

· Cable stub length should be n o more than 0.1 meter (4 i nches).

· Route SCSI cables ca refully.

· Use high impedance c ables.

· Use flat cables for inside the enclosu re, and round, shielded cables

for outside of the enclosure.

· Ribbon cables have fairly good cross-talk rej ection characteristi cs.

6.2.7 Step 7: Set Target IDs

Set target identifi ers (TIDs) on the SCSI devices. Each device in a specific SCSI channel must have a unique T ID in tha t chan nel. Non- disk devices (CD-ROM or tapes) should have unique SCSI IDs regardless o f the channel where they are conn ected. See the documentation for each SCSI device to set the TIDs. The Meg aRAID SCSI 320-1 contr oller automatically occupies TID 7 in the SCSI channel. Eight-bit SCSI devices can only use the TIDs from 0 to 6. 16-bit devices can use the TIDs from 0 to 15. The arbitration pr iority for a SCSI device depends on its TID.

Table 6.5 shows the relative priority of each Target ID:

Table 6.5 Priority of Target IDs

Priority Highest Lowest

TID 7 6 5 ... 2 1 0 15 14 ... 9 8

6-14 Hardware Installation

Important: Non-d isk devices (CD-ROM or tape dr ive) should have

unique SCSI IDs re gardless of the chann el they are connected to.

6.2.7.1 Example of MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 ID Map ping

Table 6.6 provides an example of ID mapping for the SCSI 320 -1.

Table 6.6 Example of Mapping for SCSI 320-1

ID Channel 1

0A1-1 1A2-1 2CD 3A2-5 4CD 5A4-1 6 Optical 7 Reserved 8A5-2 9A5-6 10 A6-1 11 A6-4 12 A6-7 13 A7-2 14 A7-5 15 A7-8

Installat ion Steps 6-15

6.2.7.2 Target IDs as Presented to t he Operating System

Table 6.7 shows the target IDs as p resented to the operating s ystem.

Table 6.7 Target IDs as Presented to the Op erating System

ID LUN Device ID LUN Device

00Disk (A1-X)10 01Disk (A2-X) 20CD 02Disk (A3-X) 30Tape 03Disk (A4-X)40CD 04Disk (A5-X)50Tape 05Disk (A6-X)60 06Disk (A7-X) 07Disk (A8-X)

6.2.8 Step 8: Power Up

Replace the computer cover and reconnect the AC power cords. Tu rn power on to the host computer. Set up the power suppli es so that the SCSI devices are powered up at the s ame time as or before the host computer. If the computer is powered up be fore a SCSI device, the device might not be recognized.

During boot, the Meg aRAID SCSI 320-1 BIOS mess age appears:

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Disk Array Adap ter BIOS Version x.xx date

Copyright (c) LSI Logic Corporation

Firmware Initializing... [ Scanning SCSI Device ..(etc.).. ]

The firmware takes several seconds to initial ize. During this time the adapter will scan the SC SI channel(s). When r eady, the following appears:

Host Adapter-1 Fi rmware Version x.xx DRAM Size 16 MB 0 Logical Drives fo und on the Host Adapter 0 Logical Drives ha ndled by BIOS Press <Ctrl>< M> to run M egaRAID SCS I 320-1 B IOS Configuration Utility

6-16 Hardware Installation

The <Ctrl><M> u tility prompt times out a fter several seconds. The MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 hos t adapter (controller) numbe r, firmware version, and cache DRAM size are displayed in the second portion of the BIOS message. The number ing of the controllers follows the PC I slot scanning order used by the host motherboard.

6.2.9 Step 9: Run the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility

Press <Ctrl><M> to run the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility. See the MegaRAID Configurati on Software Guide for information ab out running this uti lity.

6.2.10 Step 10: Install the Operating System Driver

MegaRAID can operate unde r MS-DOS or any DOS-compatible operating system using the s tandard AT BIOS INT 13h Hard Disk Drive interface. To op erate with other operating syste ms, you must install software drivers. MegaRAID provides software dr ivers on the Driver and Documentation CD for the following operating s ystems:

· MS-DOS version 6.xx or later

· Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP , Windows

.NET

· Novell NetWare 5.1, 6.0

· Red Hat Linux 7.2, 7.3

Note:

Refer to the MegaRAID Driver Installation Gu ide for the procedures used to install operating system dr ivers.

Installat ion Steps 6-17

6.3 Summary

This chapter discussed hardware installation. Configure the RAID system using software config uration utilities. See the Mega RAID Configuration Software Guide for all information about MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 software utilities. Table 6.8 lists the utility programs for configuring MegaRAID SCSI 320-1.

Table 6.8 Configuration Utilities and Opera ting Systems

Configuration Utility Operating System

MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility Independent of the operating system WebBIOS Configuration Utility Independent of the operating system MegaRAID Manager DOS

Power Console Plus Microsoft Windows NT

Red Hat Linux 7.2, 7.3 Novell NetWare 5.1, 6.0

Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows .NET

6-18 Hardware Installation

Chapter 7 Troubleshooting

This chapter provides tr oubleshooting information for the MegaRA ID SCSI 320-1 controll er. It contains the following sections:

· Section 7.1, “General Troublesh ooting”

· Section 7.2, “BIOS Boot Error Messages”

· Section 7.3, “Other BIOS Error Messages”

· Section 7.4, “Other Potential Problems”

7.1 General Troubleshooting

Table 7.1 lists the general problems that can occur, along with suggested

solutions.

Table 7.1 General Problems and Suggested Solutions

Problem Suggested Solution

Some operating syste ms do no t loa d in a computer with a MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 controller.

One of the hard drives in the array fails often.

Check the system BIOS configuration for PCI interrupt assignments. Make sure some Interrupts are assigned for PCI. Initialize the logical drive before installing the operating system.

Check the drive error counts using Power Console Plus. (See the MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide for more information.) Format the d rive. Rebuild the drive If the drive cont in ue s to fail, repla ce it with another drive wi th the same ca pacity.

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide 7-1

Table 7.1 General Problems and Suggested Solutions (Cont.)

Problem Suggested Solution

Pressed <Ctrl><M>. Ran Megaconf.exe and tried to make a new

Check the drives IDs on each channel to make sure each

device has a different ID. configurati on. The sy stem ha ngs when scanning devices.

Check the termination. The device at the end of the channel

must be ter minated.

Replace the drive cable. Multiple drives connected to the

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 use the same

Set the drives to spin on command. This will allow

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 to spin two devices simultaneously. power supply. There is a problem spinning the drives all at once.

Pressing <Ctrl><M> or running

These util ities requi re a color monitor. megaconf.exe does not display the Management Menu.

Cannot flash or update the EEPROM. You may need a new EEPROM.

Firmware Initia lizing...

Make sure that TERMPWR is being properly provided to

each peripheral device populated channel. appears and remains on the screen.

Make sure that each end of the channel chain is properly

terminated using the recommended terminator type for the

peripheral device. The channel is automatically terminated

at the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 card if only one cable is

connected to a channel.

Make sure (on a channel basis) only two types of cables are

connected at any one time.

What SCSI IDs can a non-hard disk device have and what is maximum number allowed per adapter?

7-2 Troubleshooting

Make sure that the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 controller is

properly seated in the PCI slot.

Non-hard disk devices can accommodate only SCSI IDs 1,

2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, regardless of the channel used. A maximum

of six non-hard disk devices are supported per MegaRAID

SCSI 320-1 adapter.

7.2 BIOS Boot Er ror Messages

Table 7.2 describes BIOS error m essages that can display when you

boot the system, and s uggested solutions.

Table 7.2 BIOS Boot Error Mess ages

Message Problem Suggested Solution

Adapter BI OS Disabled . No Logical Drives Handled by BIOS

Host Adapt er at Basepor t xxxx Not Responding

No MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Adapter

Configura tion of nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) and dr ives mismatch. Run View/Add Configura tion option of Configuration Utility. Press any key to run the Configuration Utility.

1 Logical Drive Failed A logical drive failed to

The MegaRAID BIOS is disabled. Som etime s the BIOS is disabled to prevent booting from the BIOS.

The BIOS cannot communicate with the adapter firmware.

The configur ati on sto red in the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 adapter does not match the configuration stored in the drives.

sign on.

Enable the BIOS using the MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility.

Make sure the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 is properly installed.

1. Press a key to run MegaRAID Manager.

2. Select View/Add Configuration from the Configure menu.

3. Use View/Add Configuration to examine both the configuration in NVRAM and the configuration stored on the disk drives.

4. Resolve the problem by selecting one of the configurations.

Make sure all physical drives are properly connected and are powered on.

Run MegaRAID Manager to find out if any physical drives are not responding. Reconnect, replace, or rebuild any dr ive that is not responding.

X Logical Drives Degraded

x number of l ogical drives signed on in a degraded sta te.

BIOS Boot Error Messages 7-3

Make sure all physical drives are properly connected and are powered on.

Run MegaRAID Manager to find if any physical drives are not responding. Reconnect, replace, or rebuild any drive that is not respon ding.

Table 7.2 BIOS Boot Error Mess ages (Cont.)

Message Problem Suggested Solution

1 Logical Drive Degraded

The following SCSI IDs are not responding: Channel x:a.b.c

A logical drive signed on in a degraded state.

The physical drives with SCSI IDs a, b, and c are not responding on SCSI channel x.

Make sure all physical drives are properly connected and are powered on.

Run MegaRAID Manager to find out if any physical drives are not responding. Reconnect, replace, or rebuild any dr ive that is not responding.

Make sure the physical drives are properly connected and are powered on.

7.3 Other BIOS Error Messages

Table 7.3 describes other BI OS error messages, their meani ng, and

suggested soluti ons.

Table 7.3 Other BIOS Error Messages

Message Problem Suggested Solution

Following SCSI disk not found and no empty slot available for mapping it

The physical disk roaming feature did not find the physical disk with the displayed SCSI ID. No slot is available to map the physical drive. MegaRAID cannot resolve the physical drives into the current configuration.

Reconfigure the array.

Following SCSI IDs have the same data y, z Channel x: a, b, c

7-4 Troubleshooting

The physical dr ive roaming feature found the same data on two or more physical drive on channel x with SCSI IDs a, b, and c. MegaRAID cannot determine the drive that has the duplicate information.

Remove the drive or drives that should not be used.

Table 7.3 Other BIOS Error Messages (Cont.)

Message Problem Suggested Solution

Unresolved configuration mismatch between disks and NVRAM on the adapter

The configuration stored in the MegaRAID NVRAM does not match the configur ation stored on the drives.

1. Press a key to run MegaRAID Manager.

2. Select View/Add Configuration from the Configure menu.

3. Use Vi ew/Add Con figurati on to examin e both the configura tion in N VRAM and the configuration stored on the disk drives.

4. Resolve the problem by selecting one of the configurations.

7.4 Other Potential Problems

Table 7.4 describes other po tential problems.

Table 7.4 Other Potential Problems

Topic Information

DOS ASPI MEGASPI.SYS, the MegaRAID DOS ASPI manager, uses 6 Kbytes of system

CD drives under DOS

Physical drive errors To display the MegaRAID Manager Media Error and Other Error options, select

memory once it is loaded. At this time, copied CDs are not accessible from DOS even after loading

MEGASPI.SYS and MEGACDR.SYS.

the Objects menu, then Physical Drive. Select a physical drive and press <F2>. The windows di splays the number of errors. A Media Error is an error that occurred while actually transferring data. An Other Error is an error that occurs at the hardware level because of a device failure, poor cabling, bad termination, signal loss, etc.

Virtual sizing The virtual sizing option enables RAID expansion. Virtual sizing must be

enabled to increase the size of a logical drive or add a physical drive to an existing logical drive. Run the BIOS Configuration Utility by pressing <Ctrl><M> to enable virtual sizing. Select Objects, then Logical Drive. Next, select View/Update Parameters, then set Virtual Sizing to Enabled.

BSD Unix We do not provide a driver for BSDI Unix. MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 does not

support BSDI Unix.

Multiple LUNs MegaRA ID SC SI 3 20-1 su ppo rts one logi cal unit number (LUN ) pe r ea ch targ et

ID. No multiple LUN devices are supported.

Other Potential Proble ms 7-5

Table 7.4 Other Potential Problems (Cont.)

Topic Information

MegaRAID power requirements

SCSI bus requirements

Windows NT Installation

The maximum MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 power requirements are 15 W at 5 V and 3 A.

The ANSI specification dictates the following:

· The maximum signal path length between terminators is 3 meters when

using up to 4 maximum capacitance (25 pF) devices and 1.5 meters when using more than 4 devices.

· SCSI dev ic es sh oul d b e u niformly spaced betw een terminato r s, with the end

devices located as close as possible to the terminators.

· The characteristic impedance of the cable should be 90 +/- 6 ohms for the

/REQ and /ACK signals and 90 +/- 10 ohms for all other signals.

· The stub length (the distance from the controller's external connector to the

mainline SCSI bus) shall not exceed 0.1m (approximately 4 inches).

· The spacing of devices on the mainline SCSI bus should be at least three

times the stub length.

· All signal lines shall be terminated once at both ends of the bus powered

by the TERMPWR line.

When Windows NT is installed using a bootable CD, the devices on the MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 will not be recognized until after the initial reboot. The Microsoft documented workaround is in SETUP.TXT. SETUP.TXT is on the CD. Perform the following steps to install drivers when Setup recognizes one of the supported SCSI host adapters without making the devices attached to it available for use:

1. Restart Windows NT Setup.

2. Press <F6> to prevent Windows NT Setup from performing disk controller detection when Windows NT Setup displays the following:

Setup is inspecting your computer's hardware configuration...,

This allows you to install t he driver fr om the dr ivers disk you crea ted. All SCSI adapters must be installed manually.

3. Press <S> to display a list of supported SCSI host adapters when Windows NT Setup di splays the followin g:

Setup could not determine the type of one or more mass storage devices installed in your system, or you have chosen to manually specify an adapter,

4. Select Other from the bottom of the list.

5. Insert the drivers disk you made when prompted to do so and select MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 from this list. In some cases, Windows NT Setup repeatedly prompts to swap disks. Windows NT will recognize any devices attached to this adapter.

6. Repeat this step for each host adapter not already recognized by Windows NT Setup.

7-6 Troubleshooting

Appendix A SCSI Cables and Connectors

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 pr ovides several different types of SCSI connectors. The connectors are :

· One 68-pin high d ensity internal connector

· One 68-pin very hi gh density external connec tor

A.1 68-Pin High-Density SCSI Internal Connector

The SCSI channel on the MegaRAID SCS I 320-1 co ntroller has a 68-pin high density 0.050 inch pitch unshiel ded connector.

This connector provides a ll signals neede d to connect MegaR AID SCSI 320-1 to Wide SCSI devices. The following connec tor pinouts are provided for both single-ended and differential primary bus (P-CABLE) as specified in the SPI (SCSI Parallel Interface) documentation.

The cable assemblies that interface with th e 68-pin connector are :

· Flat ribbon or twisted pa ir cable for connecting internal Wide SCSI

devices

· Round shielded cable for connect ing external Wide SCSI devices

MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide A-1

A.1.1 Cable Assembly for Internal Wide SCSI Devic es

The cable assembly for connecting inte rn al W ide SC SI devices is sh own below.

Pin 1

Connectors: 68 Position Plug (Male) AMP – 786090-7

Cable: Flat Ribbon or Twisted-Pair Flat Cable 68 Conductor 0.025 Centerline 30 AWG

Pin 1

A-2 SCSI Cables and Connectors

A.1.2 Connecting Internal and External Wide Devices

The cable assembly for connecting in ternal Wide and exter nal Wide SCSI devices is shown below.

A

Pin 1

Connector A: 68 Position Panel Mount Receptacle with 4-40 Holes (Female) AMP – 786096-7 Note: To convert to 2-56 holes, use

screwlock kit 749087-1,

B

749087-2, or 750644-1 from AMP

Connectors B: 68 Position Plug (Male) AMP – 786090-7

Cable: Flat Ribbon or Twis ted-Pair Flat Cable 68 Conductor 0.025 Centerline 30 AWG

68-Pin High-Density SCSI Internal Connector A-3

A.1.3 Converting Internal Wide to Internal Non-Wide (Type 2)

The cable assembly for converting inter nal Wide SCSI con nectors to internal non- Wide (Type 2) SCSI connectors is s hown below.

68 Position

Connector

Contact Number

6

40

7

41

49 16 50 17 51 18 52 19

29 63 30 64

Table 1: Connector Contact Connection for Wide to Non-Wide Conversion

Open Open Open

50 Position

Connector

Contact Number

1 2 3 4

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

47 48 49 50

Pin 1

A

Pin 1

B

Pin 1

B

Connector A: 68 Position Plug (Male)

AMP– 749925-5

Connector B: 50 Position IDC Receptacle (Female) AMP – 499252-4, 1-746285-0, 1-746288-0

Wire: Twisted-Pair Flat Cable or Laminated Discrete Wire Cable 25 Pair 0.050 Centerline 28 AWG

A-4 SCSI Cables and Connectors

LSI SCSI 320-1 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Preface

Contents

1.1 Features

1.2 SCSI Ch annel

1.3 NVRAM and Flash ROM

1.4 SCSI Connectors

1.5 Single-Ended and Differential SCSI Buses

1.6 Maximum Cable Length for SCSI Standards

1.7 SCSI Bu s Widths and Maximum Throughput

1.8 Documentation

1.8.1 MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Hardware Guide

1.8.2 MegaRAID Configuration Software Guide

1.8.3 MegaRAID Operating System Driver Installation Guide

2.1 RAID Benefits

2.1.1 Improved I/O

2.1.2 Increased Reliability

2.2 MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 – Host-Based RAID Solution

2.2.1 Host-Based RAID

2.2.2 SCSI-to-SCSI External RAID

2.3 RAID Overview

2.3.1 Physical Array

2.3.2 Logical Drive

2.3.3 Consistency Check

2.3.4 Fault Tolerance

2.3.5 Disk Striping

2.3.5.1 Stripe Width

2.3.5.2 Stripe Size

2.3.6 Disk Mirroring

2.3.7 Disk Spanning

2.3.8 Parity

2.3.9 Hot Spares

2.3.10 Hot Swapping

2.3.11 Disk Rebuild

2.3.11.1 Rebuild Rate

2.3.12 Logical Drive States

2.3.13 SCSI Drive States

2.3.14 Disk Array Types

2.3.15 Enclosure Management

3.1 Selecting a RAID Level

3.2 RAID 0

3.3 RAID 1

3.4 RAID 5

3.5 RAID 10

3.6 RAID 50

4.1 SMART Technology

4.2 Configur ation on Disk

4.3 Configur ation Features

4.4 Array Performance Features

4.5 RAID Management Features

4.6 Fault Tolerance Features

4.7 Software Utilities

4.8 Operating System Software Drivers

4.9 MegaRAID SCSI 320-1 Specifications

4.9.1 PCI Bridge/ CPU

4.9.2 Cache Memory

4.9.3 MegaRAID BIOS

4.9.4 Serial Port

4.9.5 SCSI Bus

4.9.6 SCSI Connectors

4.9.7 SCSI Termination

4.9.8 SCSI Firmw are

4.10 RAID Management

4.10.1 MegaRAID BIOS Configuration Utility

4.10.2 WebBIOS Configuration Utility

4.10.3 Power Console Plus

4.10.4 MegaRAID Manager

4.11 Compatibility

4.11.1 Server Management

4.11.2 SCSI Device Compatibility

4.11.3 Software

5.1 Confi guring SCSI Physical Drives

5.1.1 Basic Configuration Rules

5.1.2 Current Physical Device Configuration

5.1.3 Logical Drive Configuration

5.1.4 Physical Device Layout

5.2 Configur ing Arrays