Lovibond Maxi Direct Instruction Manual

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Photometer System
axi
GB
Instruction manual
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Page 3
1
Safety precautions
CAUTION
Reagents are formulated exclusively for chemical analysis and must not be used for
any other purpose. Reagents must not get into the hands of children. Some of the
reagents contain substances which are not entirely harmless environmentally. Be
aware of the ingredients and take proper care when disposing of the test solution.
CAUTION
Please read this instruction manual before unpacking, setting up or using the
photometer. Please read the method description completely before performing
the test. Be aware of the risks of using the required reagents by reading the MSDS
(Material Safety Data Sheets). Failure could result in serious injury to the operator or
damage to the instrument.
MSDS: www.tintometer.de
CAUTION
The accuracy of the instrument is only valid if the instrument is used in an
environment with controlled electromagnetic disturbances according to DIN 61326.
Wireless devices, e.g. wireless phones, must not be used near the instrument.
Revision_2c 03/2010
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2
Table of contents
Part 1 Methods
................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Table of Methods ..................................................................................................... 8
Acid demand to pH 4.3 ................................................................................................... 12
Alkalinity-total (Alkalinity-m, m-Value) ............................................................................. 14
Alkalinity-p (p-Value) ....................................................................................................... 16
Aluminium with tablets ................................................................................................... 18
Aluminium (powder pack) ............................................................................................... 20
Ammonia with tablet ...................................................................................................... 22
Ammonia (powder pack) ................................................................................................. 24
Ammonia, low range (LR) ................................................................................................ 26
Ammonia, high range (HR) .............................................................................................. 28
Boron ............................................................................................................................. 30
Bromine .......................................................................................................................... 32
Chloramine (mono) and free ammonia ............................................................................ 34
Chloride .......................................................................................................................... 38
Chlorine .......................................................................................................................... 40
Chlorine with tablet
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 42
free Chlorine ............................................................................................................... 44
total Chlorine .............................................................................................................. 45
Chlorine with liquid reagent
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 46
free Chlorine ............................................................................................................... 48
total Chlorine .............................................................................................................. 49
Chlorine (powder pack)
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 50
free Chlorine ............................................................................................................... 52
total Chlorine .............................................................................................................. 53
Chlorine dioxide .............................................................................................................. 54
in presence of Chlorine ............................................................................................... 56
in absence of Chlorine ................................................................................................ 59
Chlorine HR (KI) .............................................................................................................. 60
COD, low range (LR) ....................................................................................................... 62
COD, middle range (MR) ................................................................................................. 64
COD, high range (HR) ..................................................................................................... 66
Colour, true and apparent ............................................................................................... 68
Copper with tablet .......................................................................................................... 70
differentiated determination (free, combined, total) .................................................... 71
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free Copper ................................................................................................................ 72
total Copper ............................................................................................................... 73
Copper (powder pack) .................................................................................................... 74
Cyanide .......................................................................................................................... 76
Cyanuric acid .................................................................................................................. 78
DEHA T ........................................................................................................................... 80
DEHA PP ......................................................................................................................... 82
Fluoride .......................................................................................................................... 84
Hardness, Calcium with Calcheck tablet .......................................................................... 86
Hardness, Calcium with Calcio tablet .............................................................................. 88
Hardness, total ................................................................................................................ 90
Hardness, total HR .......................................................................................................... 92
Hydrazine ....................................................................................................................... 94
Hydrazine with liquid reagent ......................................................................................... 96
Hydrazine with Vacu-vials ................................................................................................ 98
Hydrogen peroxide ....................................................................................................... 100
Iodine ........................................................................................................................... 102
Iron ............................................................................................................................... 104
Iron with tablet ......................................................................................................... 106
Iron (powder pack) .................................................................................................... 108
Iron TPTZ (powder pack) ............................................................................................ 110
Manganese with tablet ................................................................................................. 112
Manganese LR (powder pack) ....................................................................................... 114
Manganese HR (powder pack) ...................................................................................... 116
Molybdate with tablet ................................................................................................... 118
Molybdate HR (powder pack) ........................................................................................ 120
Nitrate .......................................................................................................................... 122
Nitrite with tablet .......................................................................................................... 124
Nitrite LR (powder pack) ................................................................................................ 126
Nitrogen, total LR .......................................................................................................... 128
Nitrogen, total HR ......................................................................................................... 130
Oxygen, active .............................................................................................................. 132
Oxygen, dissolved ......................................................................................................... 134
Ozone ........................................................................................................................... 136
in presence of Chlorine ............................................................................................. 138
in ábsence of Chlorine .............................................................................................. 140
PHMB (Biguanide) ......................................................................................................... 142
Phosphate ..................................................................................................................... 144
Phosphate, ortho LR with tablet ................................................................................ 146
Phosphate, ortho HR with tablet ............................................................................... 148
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Phosphate, ortho (powder pack) ............................................................................... 150
Phosphate, ortho (tube test) ...................................................................................... 152
Phosphate 1, ortho C ................................................................................................ 154
Phosphate 2, ortho C ................................................................................................ 156
Phosphate, hydrolyzable (tube test) ........................................................................... 158
Phosphate, total (tube test) ....................................................................................... 160
Phosphonates ............................................................................................................... 162
pH value LR with tablet ................................................................................................. 166
pH value with tablet ...................................................................................................... 168
pH value with liquid reagent ......................................................................................... 170
pH value HR with tablet ................................................................................................ 172
Potassium ..................................................................................................................... 174
Silica ............................................................................................................................. 176
Silica LR PP .................................................................................................................... 178
Silica HR PP ................................................................................................................... 180
Sodium hypochlorite ..................................................................................................... 182
Sulfate with tablet ........................................................................................................ 184
Sulfate (powder pack) ................................................................................................... 186
Sulfide .......................................................................................................................... 188
Sulfite ........................................................................................................................... 190
Suspended Solids .......................................................................................................... 192
Turbidity ....................................................................................................................... 194
Urea ............................................................................................................................. 196
Zinc .............................................................................................................................. 198
1.2 Important notes ......................................................................................... 200
1.2.1 Correct use of reagents ................................................................................ 200
1.2.2 Cleaning of vials and accessories for analysis ................................................ 201
1.2.3 Guidelines for photometric measurements ................................................... 201
1.2.4 Sample dilution techniques ........................................................................... 203
1.2.5 Correcting for volume additions ................................................................... 203
Part 2 Instrument Manual ....................................................................... 205
2.1 Operation ................................................................................................... 206
2.1.2 Saving data – Important Notes ..................................................................... 206
2.1.3 Replacement of batteries .............................................................................. 206
2.1.4 Instrument (explosion drawing) .................................................................... 207
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5
2.2 Overview of function keys ....................................................................... 209
2.2.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 209
2.2.2 Displaying time and date .............................................................................. 210
2.2.3 User countdown ........................................................................................... 210
2.3 Operation mode ........................................................................................ 211
2.3.1 Automatic switch off .................................................................................... 211
2.3.2 Selecting a method ...................................................................................... 211
2.3.2.1 Method Information (F1) .............................................................................. 211
2.3.2.2 Chemical Species Information ....................................................................... 212
2.3.3 Differentiation .............................................................................................. 212
2.3.4 Performing Zero ........................................................................................... 212
2.3.5 Performing Tests ........................................................................................... 213
2.3.6 Ensuring reaction periods (countdown) ......................................................... 213
2.3.7 Changing chemical species ........................................................................... 214
2.3.8 Storing results .............................................................................................. 214
2.3.9 Printing results (Infra-Red Interface Module) (optional) .................................. 215
2.3.10 Perform additional measurements ................................................................ 215
2.3.11 Selecting a new method ............................................................................... 216
2.3.12 Measure absorbance .................................................................................... 216
2.4 Photometer settings: Table of Mode Functions ...................................... 217
2.4.1 blank because of technical requirements
2.4.2 Instrument basic settings 1 ........................................................................... 218
2.4.3 Printing of stored results ............................................................................... 222
2.4.4 Recall / delete stored results.......................................................................... 227
2.4.5 Calibration ................................................................................................... 232
2.4.6 Lab function ................................................................................................. 241
2.4.7 User operations ............................................................................................ 242
2.4.8 Special functions .......................................................................................... 252
2.4.9 Instrument basic settings 2 ........................................................................... 254
2.4.10 Instrument special functions /service ............................................................. 254
2.5 Data transfer .............................................................................................. 255
2.5.1 Data Printing ................................................................................................ 255
2.5.2 Data transfer to a personal computer ........................................................... 255
2.5.3 Internet Updates .......................................................................................... 255
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Part 3 Enclosure .............................................................................................. 257
3.1 Unpacking .................................................................................................... 258
3.2 Delivery contents .......................................................................................... 258
3.3 blank because of technical requirements
3.4 Technical data .............................................................................................. 259
3.5 Abbreviations ............................................................................................... 260
3.6 Troubleshooting ........................................................................................... 261
3.6.1 Operating messages in the display / error display .......................................... 261
3.6.2 General ........................................................................................................ 263
3.7 Declaration of CE-Conformity ....................................................................... 264
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Part 1
Methods
Page 10
8
1.1 Methods
1.1 Table of Methods
* = free, combined, total; PP = powder pack; T = tablet; L = liquid; TT = tube test; LR = low range; MR = middle range; HR = high range; Vacu-vial® is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc.
No. Analysis Reagent Range Displayed asMethod
[nm]
Page
20 Acid demand
to pH 4.3 T
tablet 0.1-4 mmol/l
Acid/Indicator
1,2,5
610 12
30
Alkalinity, total T
tablet 5-200 mg/l CaCO3Acid/Indicator
1,2,5
610 14
35 Alkalinity-p T tablet 5-300 mg/l CaCO
3
Acid/Indicator
1,2,5
560 16
40 Aluminium T tablet 0.01-0.3 mg/l Al Eriochrome
Cyanine R
2
530 18
50 Aluminium PP PP + liquid 0.01-0.25 mg/l Al Eriochrome
Cyanine R
2
530 20
60 Ammonia T tablet 0.02-1 mg/l N
Indophenol blue
2,3
610 22
62 Ammonia PP PP 0.01-0.8 mg/l N Salicylate
2
660 24
65
Ammonia LR TT
tube test 0.02-2.5 mg/l N Salicylate
2
660 26
66
Ammonia HR TT
tube test 1-50 mg/l N Salicylate
2
660 28
85 Boron T tablet 0.1-2 mg/l B Azomethine
3
430 30
80 Bromine T tablet 0.05-13 mg/l Br
2
DPD
5
530 32
63 Chloramine,
mono PP
PP + liquid 0.04-4.50 mg/l Cl
2
Indophenol 660 34
90 Chloride T tablet 0.5 -25 mg/l Cl Silver nitrate/
turbidity
530 38
100 Chlorine T * tablet 0.01-6 mg/l Cl
2
DPD
1,2,3
530 40, 42
101 Chlorine L * liquid 0.02-4 mg/l Cl
2
DPD
1,2,3
530 40, 46
110 Chlorine PP * PP 0.02-2 mg/l Cl
2
DPD
1,2
530 40, 50
120 Chlorine
dioxide T
tablet 0.05-11 mg/l ClO
2
DPD, Glycine
1,2
530 54
105 Chlorine HR
(Kl) T
tablet 5-200 mg/l Cl
2
KI/Acid
5
530 60
130 COD LR TT tube test 0 -150 mg/l O
2
Dichromate/H2SO
4
1,2
430 62
131 COD MR TT tube test 0 -1500 mg/l O
2
Dichromate/H2SO
4
1,2
610 64
132 COD HR TT tube test 0 -15 g/l O
2
Dichromate/H2SO
4
1,2
610 66
204 Colour direct
reading
0-500 mg/l Pt Pt-Co-Scale
1,2
(APHA)
430 68
150 Copper T * tablet 0.05-5 mg/l Cu Biquinoline
4
560 70 153 Copper PP PP 0.05-5 mg/l Cu Bicinchoninate 560 74 157 Cyanide Powder +
liquid
0.01-0.5 mg/l CN Pyridine­barbituric acid
1
580 76
160
Cyanuric acid T
tablet 2-160 mg/l Cys Melamine 530 78
165 DEHA T tablet +
liquid
20-500 μg/l DEHA PPST
3
560 80
167 DEHA PP PP + liquid 20-500 μg/l DEHA PPST
3
560 82
170 Fluoride L liquid 0.05-2 mg/l F SPADNS
2
580 84
190 Hardness,
Calcium T
tablet 50-900 mg/l CaCO
3
Murexide
4
560 86
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1.1 Methods
1.1 Table of Methods
* = free, combined, total; PP = powder pack; T = tablet; L = liquid; TT = tube test; LR = low range; MR = middle range; HR = high range; Vacu-vial® is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc.
No. Analysis Reagent Range Displayed asMethod
[nm]
Page
191 Hardness,
Calcium 2T
tablet 0-500 mg/l CaCO
3
Murexide
4
560 88
200
Hardness, total T
tablet 2-50 mg/l CaCO3Metallphthalein 3560 90
201 Hardness, total
HR T
tablet 20-500 mg/l CaCO
3
Metallphthalein 3560 92
205 Hydrazine P powder 0.05-0.5 mg/l N
2H4
4-(Dimethyl­amino)­benzaldehyde
3
430 94
206 Hydrazine L liquid 0.005-0.6 mg/l N
2H4
4-(Dimethyl­amino)­benzaldehyde
3
430 96
207 Hydrazine C Vacu-vial 0.01-0.7 mg/l N
2H4
PDMAB 430 98
210 Hydrogen
peroxide
tablet 0.03-3 mg/l H
2O2
DPD/catalyst
5
530 100
215 Iodine T tablet 0.05-3.6 mg/l I DPD
5
530 102
220 Iron T tablet 0.02-1 mg/l Fe PPST
3
560 104,106
222 Iron PP PP 0.02-3 mg/l Fe 1,10-Phenan-
troline
3
530 104,108
223 Iron (TPTZ) PP PP 0.02-1.8 mg/l Fe TPTZ 580 104,110 240 Manganese T tablet 0.2-4 mg/l Mn Formaldoxime 530 112 242 Manganese
LR PP
PP + liquid 0.01-0.7 mg/l Mn PAN 560 114
243 Manganese
HR PP
PP + liquid 0,1-18 mg/l Mn Periodate
oxidation
2
530 116
250 Molybdate T tablet 1-50 mg/l MoO
4
Thioglycolate
4
430 118
252 Molybdate
HR PP
PP 0.5-66 mg/l MoO
4
Mercaptoacetic acid
430 120
265 Nitrate TT tube test 1-30 mg/l N
Chromotropic acid
430 122
270 Nitrite T tablet 0.01-0.5 mg/l N N-(1-Naphthyl)-
ethylendiamine
2,3
560 124
272 Nitrite LR PP PP 0.01-0.3 mg/l N Diazotization 530 126 280 Nitrogen,
total
LR TT
tube test 0.5-25 mg/l N Persulfate
digestion method
430 128
281 Nitrogen,
total
HR TT
tube test 5-150 mg/l N Persulfate
digestion method
430 130
290
Oxygen, active T
tablet 0.1-10 mg/l O
2
DPD 530 132
292 Oxygen,
dissolved
Vacu-vial 10-800 μg/l O
2
Rhodazine D
TM
530 134
300
Ozone (DPD) T
tablet 0.02-2 mg/l O
3
DPD/Glycine
5
530 136
70 PHMB T tablet 2-60 mg/l PHMB Buffer/Indicator 560 142
320 Phosphate, T
ortho LR
tablet 0.05-4 mg/l PO
4
Ammonium­molybdate
2,3
660 144,
146
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1.1 Methods
1.1 Table of Methods
* = free, combined, total; PP = powder pack; T = tablet; L = liquid; TT = tube test; LR = low range; MR = middle range; HR = high range; Vacu-vial® is a registered trade mark of CHEMetrics Inc.
No. Analysis Reagent Range Displayed asMethod
[nm]
Page
321 Phosphate,
ortho HR T
tablet 1-80 mg/l PO
4
Vanando
-
molybdate
2
430 144,
148
323 Phosphate, PP
ortho
PP 0.06-2.5 mg/l PO
4
Ascorbic acid
2
660 144,
150
324 Phosphate,
ortho TT
tube test 0.06-5 mg/l PO
4
Ascorbic acid
2
660 144,
152
327 Phosphate 1 C,
ortho
Vacu-vial 5-40 mg/l PO
4
Vanado­molybdate
2
430 144,
154
328 Phosphate 2 C,
ortho
Vacu-vial 0.05-5 mg/l PO
4
Stannous chloride
2
660 144,
156
325 Phosphate,
hydr. TT
tube test 0.02-1.6 mg/l P
Acid digestion, Ascorbic acid
2
660 144,
158
326 Phosphate,
total TT
tube test 0.02-1.1 mg/l P
Acid persulf digestion, Ascorbic acid
2
660 144,
160
316
Phosphonate PP
PP 0-125 mg/l Persulfate
UV-Oxidation
660
162
329
pH-Value LR T
tablet 5.2-6.8
Bromocresolpurple5560 166
330 pH-Value T tablet 6.5-8.4 Phenolred
5
560 168
331 pH-Value L liquid 6.5-8.4 Phenolred
5
560 170
332
pH-Value HR T
tablet 8.0-9.6 Thymolblue
5
560 172
340 Potassium T tablet 0.7-12 mg/l K
Tetraphenylborate­Turbidity
4
430 174
350 Silica T tablet 0.05-4 mg/l SiO
2
Silicomolybdate
2,3
660 176
351 Silica LR PP PP 0.1-1.6 mg/l SiO
2
Heteropolyblue
2
660 178
352 Silica HR PP PP 1-90 mg/l SiO
2
Silicomolybdate2430 180
212 Sodium
hypochlorite T
tablet 0.2-16 % NaOCl Potassium
iodide
5
530 182
355 Sulfate T tablet 5-100 mg/l SO
4
Bariumsulfate­Turbidity
610 184
360 Sulfate PP PP 5-100 mg/l SO
4
Bariumsulfate­Turbidity
2
530 186
365 Sulfide tablet 0.04-0.5 mg/l S DPD/Catalyst
3,4
660 188
370 Sulfite T tablet 0.1-5 mg/l SO
3
DTNB 430 190
384 Suspended
Solids
direct reading
0-750 mg/l TSS photometric 660 192
386 Turbidity direct
reading
0-1000 FAU
Attenuated Radiation Method
530 194
390 Urea T tablet +
liquid
0.1-2.5 mg/l Urea Indophenol/ Urease
610 196
400 Zinc T tablet 0.02 -1 mg/l Zn Zincon
3
610 198
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1.1 Methods
The precision of Lovibond® Reagent Systems (tablets, powder packs and tube tests) is identical to the precision specified in standards literature such as American Standards (AWWA), ISO etc.
Most of the data referred to in these standard methods relates to Standard Solutions. Therefore they are not readily applicable to drinking-, boiler- or waste-water, since various interferences can have a major influence on the accuracy of the method. For this reason we don’t state such potentially misleading data.
Due to the fact that each sample is different, the only way to check the tolerances (‘precision’) is the Standard Additions Method.
According to this method, first the original sample is tested. Then further samples (2 to 4) are taken and small amounts of a Standard Solution are added, and further results are obtained. The amounts added range from approximately half, up to double the amount present in the sample itself. These supplementary results make it possible to estimate the actual concentration of the original sample by comparison.
Literature
The reagent formulations are based on internationally recognised test methods. Some are described in national and/or international guidelines.
Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung1. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; 18th Edition, 19922. Photometrische Analysenverfahren, Schwedt, 3.
Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart 1989 Photometrische Analyse, Lange / Vejdelek, Verlag Chemie 19804. Colorimetric Chemical Analytical Methods, 9th Edition, London5.
Notes for searching:
Active Oxygen -> Oxygen, activ Alkalinity-m -> Alkalinity, total Alkalinity, total -> Alkalinity, total Biguanide -> PHMB
Monochloramine -> Chloramine, mono Calcium Hardness -> Hardness, Calcium Total Hardness -> Hardness, total m-Value -> Alkalinity, total p-Value -> Alkalinity-p Silicon dioxide -> Silica total Alkalinity -> Alkalinity, total total Hardness -> Hardness, total
Langelier Saturation -> Mode function 70 Index (Water Balance)
Page 14
12
1.1 Methods
Acid demand to pH 4.3 with Tablet
0.1 – 4 mmol/l
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALKA-M-PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Acid demand to pH 4.3 in mmol/l.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
2
0
Page 15
13
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The terms total Alkalinity, Alkalinity-m, m-Value and Acid demand to pH 4.3 are identical.
2. For accurate results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
Page 16
14
1.1 Methods
Alkalinity, total = Alkalinity-m = m-Value with Tablet
5 – 200 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALKA-M-PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as total Alkalinity.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
3
0
Page 17
15
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The terms total Alkalinity, Alkalinity-m, m-Value and Alkalinity to pH 4.3 are identical.
2. For accurate results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
3. Conversion table:
Acid demand to pH 4.3
DIN 38 409 (KS4.3)
German
°dH*
English
°eH*
French
°fH*
1 mg/l CaCO
3
0.02 0.056 0.07 0.1
*Carbonate hardness (reference = Hydrogencarbonate-anions)
Example: 10 mg/l CaCO
3
= 10 mg/l x 0.056 = 0.56 °dH
10 mg/l CaCO3 = 10 mg/l x 0.02 = 0.2 mmol/l
4.
CaCO
3
°dH °eH °fH °aH
Page 18
16
1.1 Methods
Alkalinity-p = p-value with Tablet
5 – 300 mg/l CaCO
3
1.
Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample,
close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALKA-P-PHOTOMETER tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Alkalinity-p.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
3
5
Page 19
17
CaCO
3
°dH °eH °fH °aH
5. By determining Alkalinity-p and Alkalinity-m it is possible to classify the alkalinity as Hydroxide, Carbonate and Hydrogencarbonate. The following differentiation is only valid if:
a) no other alkalis are present and b) Hydroxide und Hydrogen are not present in the same water sample.
If condition b) is not fulfilled please get additional information from ”Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung, D 8”.
Case 1: Alkalinity-p = 0 Hydrogen carbonate = m Carbonate = 0 Hydroxide = 0
Case 2: Alkalinity-p > 0 and Alkalinity-m > 2p Hydrogen carbonate = m – 2p Carbonate = 2p Hydroxide = 0
Case 3: Alkalinity-p > 0 and Alkalinity-m < 2p Hydrogen carbonate = 0 Carbonate = 2m – 2p Hydroxide = 2p – m
1.1 Methods
Notes
1. The terms Alkalinity-p, p-Value and Alkalinity to pH 8.2 are identical.
2. For accurate test results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
3. This method was developed from a volumetric procedure for the determination of Alkalinity-p. Due to undefined conditions, the deviations from the standardised method may be greater.
4. Conversion table:
mg/l CaCO
3
°dH °fH °eH
1 mg/l CaCO
3
---- 0.056 0.10 0.07
1 °dH 17.8 ---- 1.78 1.25
1 °fH 10.0 0.56 ---- 0.70
1 °eH 14.3 0.80 1.43 ----
Page 20
18
1.1 Methods
Aluminium with Tablet
0.01 – 0.3 mg/l Al
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one ALUMINIUM No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod (dissolve the tablet).
6. Add one ALUMINIUM No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key. Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Aluminium.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 5:00
4
0
Page 21
19
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Before use, clean the vials and the measuring beaker with Hydrochloric acid
(approx. 20%). Rinse them thoroughly with deionised water.
2. To get accurate results the sample temperature must be between 20°C and 25°C.
3. A low test result may be given in the presence of Fluorides and Polyphosphates.
The effect of this is generally insignificant unless the water has fluoride added artificially. In this case, the following table should be used:
Fluoride [mg/l F]
Displayed value: Aluminium [mg/l Al]
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
0.2 0.05 0.11 0.16 0.21 0.27 0.32
0.4 0.06 0.11 0.17 0.23 0.28 0.34
0.6 0.06 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.30 0.37
0.8 0.06 0.13 0.20 0.26 0.32 0.40
1.0 0.07 0.13 0.21 0.28 0.36 0.45
1.5 0.09 0.20 0.29 0.37 0.48 ---
Example: If the result of Aluminium determination is 0.15 mg/l Al and the Fluoride concentration is known to be 0.4 mg/l F, the true concentration of Aluminium is
0.17 mg/l Al.
4.
Al
Al2O
3
Page 22
20
1.1 Methods
Aluminium with Vario Powder Pack
0.01 – 0.25 mg/l Al
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing.
1. Fill 20 ml of the water sample in a 100 ml beaker.
2.
Add the contents of one Vario Aluminum ECR F20
Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
3. Dissolve the powder using a clean stirring rod.
4. Press [
] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 30 seconds.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
5.
Add
the contents of
one Vario Hexamine F20 Powder
Pack straight
from the foil to the same water sample.
6. Dissolve the powder using a clean stirring rod.
7. Add 1 drop of Vario Aluminum ECR Masking Reagent in the vial marked as blank.
8. Add 10 ml of the prepared water sample to the vial (this is the blank).
9. Add the remaining 10 ml of the prepared water sample in the second clean vial (this is the sample).
10. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
11. Press [
] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
Countdown 1 0:30 start:
Countdown 2 5:00 start:
1 2
3 4
5
0
Page 23
21
1.1 Methods
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
12. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
13. Press ZERO key.
14. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
15. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
16. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Aluminium.
Notes:
1. Before use, clean the vials and the measuring beaker with Hydrochloric acid
(approx. 20%). Rinse them thoroughly with deionised water.
2. To get accurate results the sample temperature must be between 20°C and 25°C.
3. A low test result may be given in the presence of Fluorides and Polyphosphates.
The effect of this is generally insignificant unless the water has fluoride added artificially. In this case, the following table should be used:
Fluoride [mg/l F]
Displayed value: Aluminium [mg/l Al]
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
0.2 0.05 0.11 0.16 0.21 0.27 0.32
0.4 0.06 0.11 0.17 0.23 0.28 0.34
0.6 0.06 0.12 0.18 0.24 0.30 0.37
0.8 0.06 0.13 0.20 0.26 0.32 0.40
1.0 0.07 0.13 0.21 0.28 0.36 0.45
1.5 0.09 0.20 0.29 0.37 0.48 ---
Example: If the result of Aluminium determination is 0.15 mg/l Al and the Fluoride concentration is known to be 0.4 mg/l F, the true concentration of Aluminium is
0.17 mg/l Al.
4.
Al
Al2O
3
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Page 24
22
1.1 Methods
Ammonia with Tablet
0.02 – 1 mg/l N
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one AMMONIA No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add one AMMONIA No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key. Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Ammonia as N.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 10:00
6
0
Page 25
23
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The tablets must be added in the correct sequence.
2. The AMMONIA No. 1 tablet will only dissolve completely after the AMMONIA No. 2 tablet has been added.
3. The temperature of the sample is important for full colour development. At a temperature below 20°C the reaction period is 15 minutes.
4. Sea water samples: Ammonia conditioning reagent is required when testing sea water or brackish water samples to prevent precipitation of salts.
Fill the test tube with the sample to the 10 ml mark and add one level spoonful of Conditioning Powder. Mix to dissolve, then continue as described in the test instructions.
5. Conversion: mg/l NH4 = mg/l N x 1.29 mg/l NH3 = mg/l N x 1.22
6.
N
NH
4
NH
3
Page 26
24
1.1 Methods
Ammonia with Vario Powder Pack
0.01 – 0.8 mg/l N
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing.
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Fill the other clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Salicylate F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to each vial.
4. Close the vials with the caps and shake to mix the contents.
5. Press [
] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
6. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Cyanurate F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to each sam­ple.
7. Close the vials tightly with the caps and shake to mix the contents.
8. Press [
] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 15 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
9. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
10. Press ZERO key.
11. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
12. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
13. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Ammonia as N.
1 2
3 4
Countdown 1 3:00 start:
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 2 15:00 start:
6
2
Page 27
25
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Extremely basic or acidic water samples should be adjusted with 0.5 mol/l (1 N) Sulfuric acid solution or 1 mol/l (1 N) Sodium hydroxide solution to pH 7.
2. Interferences:
Interfering substance Interference levels and treatments
Calcium greater than 1000 mg/l CaCO
3
Iron Interferes at all levels. Correct as follows:
a) determine the concentration of iron present in the sample by performing a total Iron test
b) add the same iron concentration as determined to the deionised water (step 1).
The interference will be blanked out successfully.
Magnesium greater than 6000 mg/l CaCO
3
Nitrate greater than 100 mg/l NO3-N
Nitrite greater than 12 mg/l NO2-N
Phosphate greater than 100 mg/l PO4-P
Sulfate greater than 300 mg/l SO
4
Sulfide intensifies the colour
Glycine, Hydrazine, Colour, Turbidity
Less common interferences such as Hydrazine and Glycine will cause intensified colours in the prepared sample. Turbidity and colour will give erroneous high values. Samples with severe interferences require distillation.
3.
N
NH
4
NH
3
Page 28
26
1.1 Methods
Ammonia LR with Vario Tube Test
0.02 – 2.5 mg/l N
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 2 ml
deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add
2 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Salicylate
F5 Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
4. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Cyanurate
F5 Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
5. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several
times to dissolve the powder.
6. Press [
] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 20 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
7. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making
sure that the marks are l aligned.
8. Press ZERO key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
10. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber
making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
11. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Ammonia as N.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 1 20:00 start:
1 2
3 4
Ø 16 mm
6
5
Page 29
27
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted to approx. pH 7 before analysis (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. If chlorine is known to be present, add one drop of 0.1 mol/l Sodium thiosulfate for each 0.3 mg/l Cl2 in a one litre water sample.
3. Iron interferes with the test. The interferences will be eliminated as follows: Determine the amount of total iron present in the water sample. To produce the blank add an iron standard solution with the same iron concentration to the vial (point 1) instead of deionised water
4. Conversion: mg/l NH4 = mg/l N x 1.29 mg/l NH3 = mg/l N x 1.22
5.
N
NH
4
NH
3
Page 30
28
1.1 Methods
Ammonia HR with Vario Tube Test
1 – 50 mg/l N
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 0.1 ml
deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add
0.1 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Salicylate
F5 Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
4. Add the contents of one Vario Ammonia Cyanurate
F5 Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
5. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several
times to dissolve the powder.
6. Press [
] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 20 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
7. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making
sure that the marks are l aligned.
8. Press ZERO key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
10. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber
making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
11. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Ammonia as N.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 1 20:00 start:
1 2
3 4
Ø 16 mm
6
6
Page 31
29
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted to approx. pH 7 before analysis (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. If chlorine is known to be present, add one drop of 0.1 mol/l Sodium thiosulfate for each
0.3 mg/l Cl2 in a one litre water sample.
3. Iron interferes with the test. The interferences will be eliminated as follows: Determine the amount of total iron present in the water sample. Add an iron standard solution with the same concentration to the vial (point 1) instead of deionised water to produce the blank.
4. Conversion: mg/l NH4 = mg/l N x 1.29 mg/l NH3 = mg/l N x 1.22
5.
N
NH
4
NH
3
Page 32
30
1.1 Methods
Boron with Tablet
0.1 – 2 mg/l B
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one BORON No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablet.
6. Add one BORON No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 20 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Boron.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 20:00
8
5
Page 33
31
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The tablets must added in the correct sequence.
2. The sample solution should have a pH value between 6 and 7.
3. Interferences are prevented by the presence of EDTA in the tablets.
4. The rate of colour development depends on the temperature. The temperature of the sample must be 20°C ± 1°C.
5.
B
H3BO
3
Page 34
32
1.1 Methods
Bromine with Tablet
0.05 – 13 mg/l Br
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial.
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Bromine.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
8
0
Page 35
33
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Vial cleaning: As many household cleaners (e.g. dishwasher detergent) contain reducing substances, the subsequent determination of Bromine may show lower results. To avoid any measurement errors, only use glassware free of Chlorine demand.
Preparation: Put all applicable glassware into Sodium hypochlorite solution (0.1 g/l) for one hour, then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionised water.
2. Preparing the sample: When preparing the sample, the lost of Bromine, e.g. by pipetting or shaking, must be avoided. The analysis must take place immediately after taking the sample.
3. The DPD colour development is carried out at a pH value of 6.2 to 6.5. The reagent tablet therefore contains a buffer for the pH adjustment. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 6 and pH 7 before the reagent is added (use 0.5 mol/l Sulfuric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
4. Exceeding the measuring range: Concentrations above 22 mg/l Bromine can lead to results showing 0 mg/l. In this case, the water sample must be diluted with water free of Bromine. 10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement repeated.
Oxidising agents such as Chlorine, Ozone etc. interfere as they react in the same way as Bromine.
Page 36
34
1.1 Methods
Chloramine (Mono) and Free Ammonia with Vario Powder Pack and Liquid Reagent
0.04 – 4.50 mg/l Cl
2
The following selection is shown in the display:
for the determination of Monochloramine and free Am­monia
for the determination of Monochloramine
Select the desired determination with the arrow keys [
]
and [ ]. Confirm with [ ] key.
6 3
Chloramine (Mono) >> with NH4 without NH4
>> with NH4
>> without NH4
Notes:
1. Full colour development – temperature The reaction periods indicated in the manual refer to a sample temperature between 18° and 20°C. Due to the fact that the reaction period is strongly influenced by sample temperature, you have to adjust both reaction periods according to the following table:
Sample temperature
in °C
Reaction period in min
5 10
10 8
16 6
20 5
23 2.5
25 2
Page 37
35
1.1 Methods
Chloramine (Mono) with Vario Powder Pack
0.04 – 4.50 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one Vario Monochlor F RGT Powder Pack straight from the foil into the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Monochlor-
amine.
mg/l Cl
2
mg/l NH2Cl mg/l N
Notes: see previous page
6
3
1 2
3 4
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 5:00
Page 38
36
1.1 Methods
Chloramine (Mono) and Free Ammonia with Vario Powder Pack and Liquid Reagent
0.04 – 4.50 mg/l Cl
2
0.01 – 0.50 mg/l NH4-N
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as the chloramine vial, the other as the ammonia vial.
1. Fill both vials (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the chloramine vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one Vario Monochlor F RGT Powder Pack straight from the foil into the chloramine vial.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
7. Add 1 drop of Vario Free Ammonia Reagent Solu- tion into the ammonia vial (Note 1).
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and invert several times to mix the contents.
9. Place the chloramine vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
11. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
12. Add the contents of one Vario Monochlor F RGT Powder Pack straight from the foil into the ammonia vial.
1 2
3 4
6 3
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare T1 press TEST
Countdown 5:00
Page 39
37
1.1 Methods
13. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
14. Place the ammonia vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
15. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Monochlor-
amine and mg/l free Ammonia.
The reading of Monochloramine is shown as:
mg/l Cl
2
mg/l NH2Cl
mg/l N
The reading of Ammonia is shown as N.
Conversion:
mg/l NH
4
= mg/l N · 1.29
mg/l NH3 = mg/l N · 1.22
Notes:
1. Hold the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly.
2. To determine the ammonia concentration the difference between the chloramine (T1) and the sum of chloramine and ammonia (T2) is calculated. If T2 exceeds the range limit the following message is displayed: NH2Cl + NH4 > 0.5 mg/l
In this case the sample has to be diluted and the measurement repeated.
3. see also page 34
T1 accepted prepare T2 press TEST
Countdown 5:00
*,** mg/l N [NH4]
*,** mg/l Cl2
*,** mg/l NH2Cl
*,** mg/l N [NH2Cl]
Page 40
38
1.1 Methods
Chloride with Tablet
0.5 – 25 mg/l Cl
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one CHLORIDE T1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample, crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablet.
6. Add one CHLORIDE T2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently several times until the tablet is dissolved (Note 1).
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Chloride.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 2:00
9
0
Page 41
39
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Ensure that all particles of the tablet are dissolved – Chloride causes an extremely fine distributed turbidity with a milky appearance. Heavy shaking leads to bigger sized particles which can cause false readings.
2. High concentrations of electrolytes and organic compounds have different effects on the precipitation reaction.
3. Ions which also form deposits with Silver nitrate in acidic media, such as Bromides, Iodides and Thiocyanates, interfere with the analysis.
4. Highly alkaline water should - if necessary - be neutralised using Nitric acid before analysis.
Page 42
40
1.1 Methods
Chlorine with Tablet
0.01 – 6 mg/l Cl
2
Chlorine with Liquid Reagent
0.02 - 4 mg/l Cl
2
Chlorine with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 - 2 mg/l Cl
2
The following selection is shown in the display:
for the differentiated determination of free, combined and total Chlorine.
for the determination of free Chlorine.
for the determination of total Chlorine.
Select the desired determination with the arrow
keys [
] and [ ]. Confirm with [ ] key.
Chlorine >> diff free total
>> diff
>> free
>> total
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
Page 43
41
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Vial cleaning: As many household cleaners (e.g. dishwasher detergent) contain reducing substances,
the subsequent determination of Chlorine may show lower results. To avoid any measurement errors, only use glassware free of Chlorine demand.
Preparation: Put all applicable glassware into Sodium hypochlorite solution (0.1 g/l) for one hour, then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionised water.
2. For individual testing of free and total Chlorine, the use of different sets of glassware is recommended (EN ISO 7393-2, 5.3)
3. Preparing the sample: When preparing the sample, the lost of Chlorine, e.g. by pipetting or shaking,
must be avoided. The analysis must take place immediately after taking the sample.
4. The DPD colour development is carried out at a pH value of 6.2 to 6.5. The reagents therefore contain a buffer for the pH adjustment.
Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 6 and pH 7 before the reagent is added (use 0.5 mol/l Sulfuric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
5. Exceeding the measuring range: Concentrations above: 10 mg/l Chlorine using tablets 4 mg/l Chlorine using liquid reagents 2 mg/l using powder packs can lead to results showing 0 mg/l. In this case, the water sample must be diluted with
water free of Chlorine. 10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement repeated.
6. Turbidity (can lead to errors): The use of the DPD No. 1 tablet (method 100) in samples with high Calcium ion
contents* and/or high conductivity* can lead to turbidity of the sample and therefore incorrect measurements. In this case, the reagent tablet DPD No. 1 High Calcium should be used as an alternative. Even if turbidity does occur after the DPD No. 3 tablet has been added, this can be prevented by using the DPD No. 1 HIGH CALCIUM tablet.
* it is not possible to give exact values, because the development of turbidity depends
on the nature of the sample.
7. If ??? is displayed at a differentiated test result see page 262.
Oxidizing agents such as Bromine, Ozone etc. interfere as they react in the same way as Chlorine.
Page 44
42
1.1 Methods
Chlorine, differentiated determination with Tablet
0.01 – 6 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial.
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
10. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
11. Add one DPD No. 3 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
12. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare T1 press TEST
0
01
Page 45
43
1.1 Methods
13. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
14. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in:
mg/l free Chlorine mg/l combined Chlorine mg/l total Chlorine
Notes:
See page 41
T1 accepted prepare T2 press TEST
Countdown 2:00
*,** mg/l free Cl *,** mg/l comb Cl *,** mg/l total Cl
Page 46
44
1.1 Methods
Chlorine, free with Tablet
0.01 – 6 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial.
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l free Chlorine.
Notes:
See page 41
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
0
01
Page 47
45
1.1 Methods
Chlorine, total with Tablet
0.01 – 6 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it,
leaving a few drops remaining in the vial.
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet and one DPD No. 3 tablet
straight from the foil and crush the tablets using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l total Chlorine.
Notes:
See page 41
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 2:00
0
01
Page 48
46
1.1 Methods
Chlorine, differentiated determination with Liquid Reagent
0.02 – 4 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty the vial.
5. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
6 drops of DPD 1 buffer solution
2 drops of DPD 1 reagent solution
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
10. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
11. Add 3 drops of DPD 3 solution to the same water sample.
12. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare T1 press TEST
0
1
1
Page 49
47
1.1 Methods
13. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
14. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in:
mg/l free Chlorine mg/l combined Chlorine mg/l total Chlorine
Notes:
1. After use replace the bottle caps securely noting the colour coding.
2. Store the reagent bottles in a cool, dry place ideally between 6°C and 10°C.
3. Also see page 41
T1 accepted prepare T2 press TEST
Countdown 2:00
*,** mg/l free Cl *,** mg/l comb. Cl *,** mg/l total Cl
Page 50
48
1.1 Methods
Chlorine, free with Liquid Reagent
0.02 – 4 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty the vial.
5. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
6 drops of DPD 1 buffer solution
2 drops of DPD 1 reagent solution
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l free Chlorine.
Notes (free and total Chlorine):
1. After use replace the bottle caps securely noting the colour coding.
2. Store the reagent bottles in a cool, dry place ideally between 6°C and 10°C.
3. Also see page 41
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
0
1
1
Page 51
49
1.1 Methods
Chlorine, total with Liquid Reagent
0.02 – 4 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty
the vial.
5. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the
bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
6 drops of DPD 1 buffer solution
2 drops of DPD 1 reagent solution
3 drops of DPD 3 solution
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
to mix the contents.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l total Chlorine.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 2:00
0
1
1
Page 52
50
1.1 Methods
Chlorine, differentiated determination with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 2 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Chlorine FREE-DPD/ F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber, empty the vial, rinse vial and cap several times and then fill the vial with 10 ml of the water sample.
10. Add the contents of one VARIO Chlorine TOTAL-DPD / F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
11. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare T1 press TEST
1 2
3 4
0
1
1
Page 53
51
1.1 Methods
12. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
13. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in:
mg/l free Chlorine mg/l combined Chlorine mg/l total Chlorine
Notes:
See page 41
*,** mg/l free Cl *,** mg/l comb. Cl *,** mg/l total Cl
T1 accepted prepare T2 press TEST
Countdown 3:00
Page 54
52
1.1 Methods
Chlorine, free with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 2 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Chlorine FREE-DPD / F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l free Chlorine.
Notes:
See page 41
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
1 2
3 4
0
1
1
Page 55
53
1.1 Methods
Chlorine, total with Vario Powder Pack
0.02 – 2 mg/l Cl
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Chlorine TOTAL-DPD /
F10 Powder Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
to mix the contents (approx. 20 seconds).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 3 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l total Chlorine.
Notes:
See page 41
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
1 2
3 4
Countdown 3:00
0
1
1
Page 56
54
1.1 Methods
Chlorine dioxide with Tablet
0.05 – 11 mg/l ClO
2
The following selection is shown in the display:
for the determination of Chlorine dioxide in the presence of Chlorine.
for the determination of Chlorine dioxide in the absence of Chlorine.
Select the desired determination with the arrow keys [
] and [ ]. Confirm with [ ] key.
Chlorine dioxide >> with Cl without Cl
>> with Cl
>> without Cl
2
0
1
Page 57
55
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Vial cleaning: As many household cleaners (e.g. dishwasher detergent) contain reducing substances,
the subsequent determination of Chlorine dioxide may show lower results. To avoid any measurement errors, only use glassware free of Chlorine demand.
Preparation: Put all applicable glassware into Sodium hypochlorite solution (0.1 g/l) for one hour, then rinse all glassware thoroughly with deionised water.
2. Preparing the sample: When preparing the sample, the lost of Chlorine dioxide, e.g. by pipetting or shaking, must be avoided. The analysis must take place immediately after taking the sample.
3. The DPD colour development is carried out at a pH value of 6.2 to 6.5. The reagent tablet therefore contains a buffer for the pH adjustment.
Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 6 and pH 7 before the tablet is added (use 0.5 mol/l Sulfuric acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
4. Exceeding the measuring range: Concentrations above 19 mg/l Chlorine dioxide can lead to results showing 0 mg/l. In this case, the water sample must be diluted with water free of Chlorine dioxide. 10 ml of the diluted sample should be mixed with the reagent and the measurement repeated.
5. If ??? is displayed at a differentiated test result see page 262.
Oxidising agents such as Chlorine, Ozone etc. interfere as they react in the same way as Chlorine dioxide.
Page 58
56
1.1 Methods
Chlorine dioxide in the presence of Chlorine with Tablet
0.05 – 11 mg/l ClO
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it, leaving a few drops remaining in the vial.
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6.
Fill a second clean vial with 10 ml of the water
sample.
7. Add one GLYCINE tablet straight from the foil and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
9. Transfer the contents of the second vial into the
prepared vial.
10. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
11. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
12. Press TEST key.
Zero accepted prepare T1 press TEST
prepare Zero press ZERO
2
0
1
Page 59
57
1.1 Methods
13. Remove the vial from the sample chamber, empty the
vial, rinse vial and cap several times. Fill with a few drops of the water sample.
14. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and
crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
15. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
16. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
until the tablet is dissolved.
17. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
18. Press TEST key.
19. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
20. Add one DPD No. 3 tablet straight from the foil to the
same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
21. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
until the tablet is dissolved.
22. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
23. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in:
as Chlorine dioxide in mg/l Chlorine, or as Chlorine dioxide in mg/l ClO2.
mg/l free Chlorine mg/l combined Chlorine mg/l total Chlorine
Notes:
See next page.
T1 accepted prepare T2 press TEST
Countdown 2:00
T2 accepted prepare T3 press TEST
*,** mg/l free Cl *,** mg/l comb. Cl *,** mg/l total Cl
*,** mg/l ClO2 [Cl]
*,** mg/l ClO2
Page 60
58
1.1 Methods
Notes: (Chlorine dioxide in the presence of Chlorine)
1. The conversion factor to convert Chlorine dioxide as Chlorine to Chlorine dioxide as ClO2 is approximately 0.4 (more exactly 0.38).
mg/l ClO2 = mg/l ClO2 [Cl] x 0.38 ClO2[Cl] ClO
2
(Chlorine dioxide displayed as Chlorine units ClO2 [Cl] has its origin in swimming poolwater treatment according to DIN 19643.)
2. The total Chlorine result given includes the contribution of the Chlorine dioxide (as Chlorine) reading. For true total Chlorine value subtract the Chlorine dioxide (as Chlorine) reading from the quoted total Chlorine reading.
3. Also see page 55.
Page 61
59
1.1 Methods
Chlorine dioxide in absence of Chlorine with Tablet
0.05 – 11 mg/l ClO
2
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it,
leaving a few drops remaining in the vial.
5. Add one DPD No. 1 tablet straight from the foil and
crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add water sample to the 10 ml mark.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
until the tablet is dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display
as Chlorine dioxide in mg/l Chlorine, or as Chlorine dioxide in mg/l ClO
2
.
Notes:
See page 55
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
*,** mg/l ClO2
*,** mg/l ClO2 [Cl]
2
0
1
Page 62
60
1.1 Methods
Chlorine HR (Kl) with Tablet
5 – 200 mg/l Cl
2
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Fill a clean vial (16 mm Ø) with 8 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one CHLORINE HR (KI) tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Add one ACIDIFYING GP tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Chlorine.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Ø 16 mm
0
5
1
Page 63
61
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Oxidizing agents interfere as they react in the same way as Chlorine.
Page 64
62
1.1 Methods
COD LR with Vario Tube Test
0 – 150 mg/l O
2
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 2 ml deionised water (this is the blank (Note 1)).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add 2 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Close the vials with the cap tightly. Invert the vial gently several times to mix the contents.
(CAUTION: The vial will become hot during mixing!)
4. Heat the vials for 120 minutes in the preheated reactor
at a temperature of 150°C.
5. (CAUTION: The vials are hot!) Remove the tubes from the heating block and allow them to cool to 60°C or less. Mix the contents by carefully inverting each tube several times while still warm. Then allow the tubes to cool to ambient temperature before measuring. (Note 2).
6. Place the vial (the blank (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
7. Press ZERO key.
8. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
9. Place the vial (the sample (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l COD.
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
prepare Zero press ZERO
Ø 16 mm
3
0
1
Page 65
63
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Run samples and blanks with the same batch of vials. The blank is stable when stored in the dark and can be used for further measurements with vials of the same batch.
2. Do not place the hot vials in the sample chamber. Cool the vials to room temperature for final measurements.
3. Suspended solids in the vial lead to incorrect measurements. For this reason it is important to place the vials carefully in the sample chamber. The precipitate at the bottom of the sample should be not suspended.
4.
Clean the outside of the vials with a towel. Finger prints or other marks will be removed.
5. Samples can be measured when the Chloride content does not exceed 1000 mg/l.
6. In exceptional cases, compounds contained in the water cannot be oxidized adequately, so results may be lower than reference methods.
Page 66
64
1.1 Methods
COD MR with Vario Tube Test
0 – 1500 mg/l O
2
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 2 ml deionised water (this is the blank (Note 1)).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add 2 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Close the vials with the cap tightly. Invert the vial gently several times to mix the contents.
(CAUTION: The vial will become hot during mixing!)
4. Heat the vials for 120 minutes in the preheated reactor at a temperature of 150°C.
5. (CAUTION: The vials are hot!) Remove the tubes from the heating block and allow them to cool to 60°C or less. Mix the contents by carefully inverting each tube several times while still warm. Then allow the tubes to cool to ambient temperature before measuring. (Note 2).
6. Place the vial (the blank (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
7. Press ZERO key.
8. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
9. Place the vial (the sample (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l COD.
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
prepare Zero press ZERO
Ø 16 mm
3
1
1
Page 67
65
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Run samples and blanks with the same batch of vials. The blank is stable when stored in the dark and can be used for further measurements with vials of the same batch.
2. Do not place the hot vials in the sample chamber. Cool the vials to room temperature for final measurements.
3. Suspended solids in the vial lead to incorrect measurements. For this reason it is important to place the vials carefully in the sample chamber. The precipitate at the bottom of the sample should be not suspended.
4.
Clean the outside of the vials with a towel. Finger prints or other marks will be removed.
5. Samples can be measured when the Chloride content does not exceed 1000 mg/l.
6. In exceptional cases, compounds contained in the water cannot be oxidized adequately, so results may be lower than reference methods.
7. For samples under 100 mg/l COD it is recommended to repeat the test with the tube test for COD LR.
Page 68
66
1.1 Methods
COD HR with Vario Tube Test
0 – 15 g/l O2 (=^ 0 – 15 000 mg/l O2)
Insert the adapter for 16 mm Ø vials.
1. Open one white capped reaction vial and add 0.2 ml deionised water (this is the blank (Note 1)).
2. Open another white capped reaction vial and add
0.2 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Close the vials with the cap tightly. Invert the vial gently several times to mix the contents.
(CAUTION: The vial will become hot during mixing!)
4. Heat the vials for 120 minutes in the preheated reactor at a temperature of 150°C.
5. (CAUTION: The vials are hot!) Remove the tubes from the heating block and allow them to cool to 60°C or less. Mix the contents by carefully inverting each tube several times while still warm. Then allow the tubes to cool to ambient temperature before measuring. (Note 2).
6. Place the vial (the blank (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
7. Press ZERO key.
8. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
9. Place the vial (the sample (Note 3, 4)) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are
l
aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in g/l COD.
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
prepare Zero press ZERO
Ø 16 mm
2
31
Page 69
67
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Run samples and blanks with the same batch of vials. The blank is stable when stored in the dark and can be used for further measurements with vials of the same batch.
2. Do not place the hot vials in the sample chamber. Cool the vials to room temperature for final measurements.
3. Suspended solids in the vial lead to incorrect measurements. For this reason it is important to place the vials carefully in the sample chamber. The precipitate at the bottom of the sample should be not suspended.
4.
Clean the outside of the vials with a towel. Finger prints or other marks will be removed.
5. Samples can be measured when the Chloride content does not exceed 10 000 mg/l.
6. In exceptional cases, compounds contained in the water cannot be oxidized adequately, so results may be lower than reference methods.
7. For samples under 1 g/l COD it is recommended to repeat the test with the test kit for COD MR or for samples under 0,1 g/l COD with the tube test COD LR.
Page 70
68
1.1 Methods
Colour, true and apparent (APHA Platinum-Cobalt Standard Method)
0 – 500 Pt-Co units (mg/l Pt)
Sample preparation (Note 4):
Step A
Filter approx. 50 ml deionised water through a membrane filter with a pore width of 0.45 μm. Discard the filtrate. Filter another 50 ml deionised water and keep it for zeroing.
Step B
Filter approx. 50 ml water sample using the same filter. Keep this filtrate for sample measurement.
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the filtrated deionised water (from Step A), close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber and empty it completely.
5. Rinse the vial with the filtrated water sample and fill with 10 ml filtrated water sample (from Step B).
6. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
7. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in Pt-Co units (mg/l Pt).
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
2
0 4
Page 71
69
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. This colour scale was originally developed by A. Hazen as a visual comparison scale. It is therefore necessary to ascertain whether the extinction maximum of the water sample is in the range from 420 to 470 nm, as this method is only suitable for water samples with yellowish to yellowish-brown coloration. Where applicable, a decision should be made based on visual inspection of the water sample.
2. This method 204 – Hazen – is calibrated on the basis of the standards specified by ”Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” (also see EN ISO 7887:1994).
1 Pt-Co colour unit = 1 mg/L of platinum as chloroplatinate ion
3. The estimated detection limit is 15 mg/L Pt.
4. Colour may be expressed as “apparent” or “true” colour. The apparent colour is defined as the colour of a solution due to dissolved substances and suspended particles in the sample. This manual describes the determination of true colour by filtration of the water sample. To determine the apparent colour, non-filtrated deionised water and sample are measured.
5. Sample collection, preservation and storage: Pour the water sample into clean glass or plastic containers and analyse as soon as
possible after the sample is taken. If this is not possible, fill the container right up to the top and seal tightly. Do not stir the sample; avoid lengthy contact with the air.
The sample may be stored in a dark place at a temperature of 4°C for 24 hours. Before performing measurements, the water sample must be brought up to room temperature.
Page 72
70
1.1 Methods
Copper with Tablet
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
The following selection is shown in the display:
for the differentiated determination of free, combined and total Copper.
for the determination of free Copper.
for the determination of total Copper.
Select the desired determination with the arrow keys [
] and [ ]. Confirm with [ ] key.
Note:
1. If ??? is displayed at the diffentiated test result see page 262.
Copper >> diff free total
>> diff
>> free
>> total
5
0
1
Page 73
71
1.1 Methods
Copper, differentiated determination with Tablet
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one COPPER No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
9. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
10. Add one COPPER No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
11. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
12. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
13. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in: mg/l free Copper mg/l combined Copper mg/l total Copper
*,** mg/l free Cu
*,** mg/l comb Cu *,** mg/l total Cu
Zero accepted prepare T1 press TEST
prepare Zero press ZERO
T1 accepted prepare T2 press TEST
5
0
1
Page 74
72
1.1 Methods
Copper, free with Tablet
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one COPPER No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l free Copper.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
5
0
1
Page 75
73
1.1 Methods
Copper, total with Tablet
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one COPPER No. 1 tablet and one COPPER No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablets using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablets are dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l total Copper.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
5
0
1
Page 76
74
1.1 Methods
Copper, free (Note 1) with Vario Powder Pack
0.05 – 5 mg/l Cu
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add the contents of one VARIO Cu 1 F10 Powder
Pack straight from the foil to the water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
to mix the contents (Note 3).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Copper
Countdown 2:00
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
1 2
3 4
5
3
1
Page 77
75
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. For determination of total Copper digestion is required.
2. Extremely acid water samples (pH 2 or less) must be adjusted between pH 4 and pH 6 before the reagent is added (with 8 mol/l Potassium hydroxide solution KOH). Caution: pH values above 6 can lead to Copper precipitation.
3. Accuracy is not affected by undissolved powder.
4. Interferences:
Cyanide, CN-Cyanide prevents full colour development.
Add 0.2 ml Formaldehyde to 10 ml water sample and wait for a reaction time of 4 minutes (Cyanide is masked). After this perform test as described. Multiply the result by 1.02 to correct the sample dilution by Formaldehyde.
Silver, Ag
+
If a turbidity remains and turns black, silver interference is likely. Add 10 drops of saturated Potassium chloride solution to 75 ml of
water sample. Filtrate through a fine filter. Use 10 ml of the filtered water sample to perform test.
Page 78
76
1.1 Methods
Cyanide with Reagent Test
0.01 – 0.5 mg/l CN
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 2 ml of the water
sample and 8 ml of deionised water, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add two level spoons No. 4 (grey) of Cyanide-11
into the prepared water sample, replace the cap tightly and invert the vial several times to mix the contents.
6. Add two level spoons No. 4 (grey) of Cyanide-12,
replace the cap tightly and invert the vial several times to mix the contents.
7. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the
bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
3 drops of Cyanide-13
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and invert several
times to mix the contents.
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Cyanide.
Countdown 10:00
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
5
7
1
Page 79
77
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Only free Cyanide and Cyanides that can be destroyed by Chlorine are determined by this test.
2. In the present of Thiocyanate, heavy metal complexes, colorants or aromatic amines, the cyanide must be separated out by distillation before analysis is performed.
3. Store the reagents in closed containers at a temperature of + 15°C to + 25°C.
Page 80
78
1.1 Methods
Cyanuric acid with Tablet
2 – 160 mg/l Cys
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 5 ml of the water sample and 5 ml deionised water (Note 1), close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one CYANURIC ACID tablet straight from the foil to the prepared water sample and crush the tab­ let using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved (Note 2, 3).
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Cyanuric acid.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
6
0
1
Page 81
79
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Use deionised water or tap water free of Cyanuric acid.
2. If Cyanuric acid is present a cloudy solution will occur. Small single particles are not necessarily caused by Cyanuric acid.
3. Dissolve the tablet completely (therefore swirl the vial approx. 1 minute). Un-dissolved particles of the tablet can cause results that are too high.
Page 82
80
1.1 Methods
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamine) with Tablet and Liquid Reagent
20 – 500 μg/l DEHA / 0.02 – 0.5 mg/l DEHA
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample, close tightly with the cap (Note 2).
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Fill the vial with drops of the same size by holding the
bottle vertically and squeeze slowly:
6 drops (0.25ml) of DEHA solution
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
to mix the contents.
7. Add one DEHA tablet straight from the foil to the
same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
until the tablet is dissolved.
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as DEHA.
Countdown 10:00
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
6
5
1
Page 83
81
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Application: Testing of residual corrosion inhibitors (Oxygen scavengers) in boiler feed water or condensate.
2. Before using clean the vials with Hydrochloric acid (approx. 20%). Rinse thoroughly with deionised water.
3. Keep the sample dark during colour development time. UV-light (sunlight) causes high measurement results.
4. Ideal temperature for full colour development is 20°C ± 2°C.
5. Interferences:
• Iron (II) interferes at all concentrations:
Repeat the test procedure but without adding the DEHA solution. If the displayed result is above 20 μg/l subtract this value from the DEHA test result.
• Substances which reduce Iron (III) interfere. Substances which complex iron strongly
may interfere also.
• Substances which may interfere when present in concentrations at:
Borate (as Na2B4O7) 500 mg/l
Cobalt 0.025 mg/l
Copper 8.0 mg/l
Hardness (as CaCO
3
) 1000 mg/l
Lignosulfonates 0.05 mg/l
Manganese 0.8 mg/l
Molybdenum 80 mg/l
Nickel 0.8 mg/l
Phosphate 10 mg/l
Phosphonates 10 mg/l
Sulfate 1000 mg/l
Zinc 50 mg/l
6. There is an option to change the unit from mg/l to μg/l. mg/l μg/l
Page 84
82
1.1 Methods
DEHA (N,N-Diethylhydroxylamin) with Vario Powder Pack and Liquid Reagent
20 – 500 μg/l DEHA / 0.02 – 0.5 mg/l DEHA
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing (Note 2).
1. Fill a clean vial with 10 ml deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Fill the second clean vial with 10 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
3. Add
the contents of
one VARIO OXYSCAV 1 Rgt
Powder Pack straight from the foil into each vial.
4. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
5. Add 0.20 ml VARIO DEHA 2 Rgt Solution to each vial (Note 4).
6. Close the vials tightly with the caps and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Press [
] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes (Note 5).
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
8. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the marks are aligned.
9. Press ZERO key.
10. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
11. Place the vial (the sample) in the sample chamber ma­king sure that the
marks are aligned.
12. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as DEHA.
Countdown 1 10:00 start:
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
1 2
3 4
6
7
1
Page 85
83
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Application: Testing of residual corrosion inhibitors (Oxygen scavengers) in boiler feed water or condensate.
2. Before using clean the vials with Hydrochloric acid (approx. 20%). Rinse thoroughly with deionised water.
3. Ideally temperature for full colour development is 25°C ± 3 °C.
4. Volume should always be metered by using suitable pipette (class A).
5. Keep blank and sample dark during colour development time. UV-light (sunlight) causes high measurement results.
6. Interferences:
• Iron (II) interferes at all concentrations:
Repeat the test procedure but without adding the VARIO DEHA Rgt 2 solution. If the displayed result is above 20 μg/l subtract this value from the DEHA test result.
• Substances which reduce Iron (III) interfere. Substances which complex iron strongly
may interfere also.
• Substances who may interfere when present in concentrations at:
Borate (as Na2B4O7) 500 mg/l
Cobalt 0.025 mg/l
Copper 8.0 mg/l
Hardness (as CaCO
3
) 1000 mg/l
Lignosulfonates 0.05 mg/l
Manganese 0.8 mg/l
Molybdenum 80 mg/l
Nickel 0.8 mg/l
Phosphate 10 mg/l
Phosphonates 10 mg/l
Sulfate 1000 mg/l
Zinc 50 mg/l
7. There is an option to change the unit from mg/l to μg/l. mg/l μg/l
Page 86
84
1.1 Methods
Fluoride with Liquid Reagent
0.05 – 2 mg/l F
Caution: See notes!
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with exactly 10 ml of water sample (Note 4), close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add exactly 2 ml SPADNS reagent solution (Note 4) to the water sample. Caution: Vial is filled up to the top! (Note 8)
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display in mg/l Fluoride.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
7
0
1
Page 87
85
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. The same batch of SPADNS reagent solution must be used for adjustment and test.
The adjustment process needs to be performed for each new batch of SPADNS reagent solution (see Standard Methods 20th, 1998, APHA, AWWA, WEF 4500 F D., S. 4-82). The procedure is described in chapter 2.4.5 “Calibration – Fluoride Method 170“ on page 234.
2. During adjustment and test the same vial should be used for zeroing and test, as
different vials may exhibit minor tolerances.
3. The calibration solution and the water samples to be tested should have the same
temperature (± 1°C).
4. As the test result is highly dependent on exact sample and reagent volumes, the sample
and reagent volumes should always be metered by using a 10 ml resp. 2 ml volumetric pipette (class A).
5. The accuracy of the test methods decreases above a level of 1.2 mg/l Fluoride. Although
the results are sufficiently accurate for most applications, even more exact results can be achieved by 1:1 dilution of the sample prior to use and subsequent multiplication of the result by 2.
6. SPADNS reagent solution contains Arsenite.
Chlorine concentrations up to 5 mg/l do not interfere.
7. Seawater and wastewater samples must be distilled.
8. It is convenient to use special vials with larger volume.
Page 88
86
1.1 Methods
Hardness, Calcium with Tablet
50 – 900 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml deionised water.
2. Add one CALCHECK tablet straight from the foil to the deionised water and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
3. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
4. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
5. Press ZERO key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
6. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
7. Add 2 ml of the water sample to the prepared vial. Caution: Vial is filled up to the top! (Note 4)
8. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times (5x) to mix the contents.
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Calcium Hardness.
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
prepare Zero press ZERO
Countdown 2:00
9
0
1
Page 89
87
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 4 and pH 10
before the tablet is added (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. The tolerance of the method is increasing with higher concentrations. When diluting
samples, this should be take into account, always measuring in the first third of the range.
3. This method was developed from a volumetric procedure for the determination of
calcium. Due to undefined conditions, the deviations from the standardised method may be greater.
4. It is convenient to use special vials with larger volume.
5.
CaCO
3
°dH °eH °fH °aH
Page 90
88
1.1 Methods
Hardness, Calcium 2T with Tablet
0 – 500 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of water sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one CALCIO H No. 1 tablet straight from the foil to the 10 ml water sample, crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod and dissolve the tablet completely.
6. Add one CALCIO H No. 2 tablet straight from the foil to the same water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
7. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl gently several times until the tablet is completely dissolved.
8. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
9. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 2 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as Calcium Hardness.
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
prepare Zero press ZERO
Countdown 2:00
1
9 1
Page 91
89
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. To optimise the readings an optional batch related calibration can be performed using Mode 40, see page 232.
2. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted to a pH-value between pH 4 and 10 before the tablets are added (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloride acid resp. 1 mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
3. For accurate test results exactly 10 ml of water sample must be taken for the test.
4. This method was developed from a volumetric procedure for the determination of Calcium Hardness. Due to undefined conditions, the deviations from the standardised method may be greater.
5. The tolerance of the method is increasing with higher concentrations. When diluting samples, this should be taken in account, always measuring in the first third of the range.
6. Interferences:
• Magnesium hardness up to 200 mg/l CaCO3 does not interfere.
• Iron concentration above 10 mg/l may cause low results.
• Zinc concentration above 5 mg/l may cause high results.
7.
CaCO
3
°dH °eH °fH °aH
Page 92
90
1.1 Methods
Hardness, total with Tablet
2 – 50 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one HARDCHECK P tablet straight from the foil
to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as total Hardness.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 5:00
0
0
2
Page 93
91
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 4 and pH 10 before the tablet is added (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. Conversion table:
mg/l CaCO
3
°dH °fH °eH
1 mg/l CaCO
3
---- 0.056 0.10 0.07
1 °dH 17.8 ---- 1.78 1.25
1 °fH 10.0 0.56 ---- 0.70
1 °eH 14.3 0.80 1.43 ----
3.
CaCO
3
°dH °eH °fH °aH
Page 94
92
1.1 Methods
Hardness, total HR with Tablet
20 – 500 mg/l CaCO
3
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 1 ml of the water sample and 9 ml of deionised water, close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add one HARDCHECK P tablet straight from the foil to the water sample and crush the tablet using a clean stirring rod.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times until the tablet is dissolved.
7. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 5 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as total Hardness.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 5:00
0
1
2
Page 95
93
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Strong alkaline or acidic water samples must be adjusted between pH 4 and pH 10 before the tablet is added (use 1 mol/l Hydrochloric acid resp. 1mol/l Sodium hydroxide).
2. Conversion table:
mg/l CaCO
3
°dH °fH °eH
1 mg/l CaCO
3
---- 0.056 0.10 0.07
1 °dH 17.8 ---- 1.78 1.25
1 °fH 10.0 0.56 ---- 0.70
1 °eH 14.3 0.80 1.43 ----
3.
CaCO
3
°dH °eH °fH °aH
Page 96
94
1.1 Methods
Hydrazine with Powder Reagent
0.05 – 0.5 mg/l N2H4 / 50 – 500 μg/l N2H
4
1. Fill a clean vial (24 mm Ø) with 10 ml of the water
sample (Note 1, 2), close tightly with the cap.
2. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
3. Press ZERO key.
4. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
5. Add 1 g HYDRAZINE test powder (Note 3) to the
water sample.
6. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times
to mix the contents.
7. Press [
] key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished proceed as follows:
8. The slight turbidity that occurs when the reagent is added
must be removed by filtration (Note 4).
9. Place the vial in the sample chamber making sure that
the
marks are aligned.
10. Press TEST key.
The result is shown in the display as Hydrazine.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 10:00 start:
0
5
2
Page 97
95
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. If the water sample is cloudy, you must filter it before performing the zero calibration.
2. The temperature of the water sample should not exceed 21°C.
3. Using the Hydrazine spoon: 1 g is equivalent to one level spoon.
4. Qualitative folded filter papers for medium precipitates are recommended.
5. In order to check whether the reagent has aged (if it has been stored for a lengthy period), perform the test as described above using tap water. If the result is above the detection limit of 0.05 mg/l, you should only use the reagent with reservations as there may be a major deviation in results.
6. There is an option to change the unit from mg/l to μg/l. mg/l μg/l
Page 98
96
1.1 Methods
Hydrazine with Vario Liquid Reagent
0.005 – 0.6 mg/l N2H4 / 5 – 600 μg/l N2H
4
Use two clean vials (24 mm Ø) and mark one as blank for zeroing.
1. Fill a clean vial with 10 ml deionised water (this is the blank).
2. Add 1 ml VARIO Hydra 2 Rgt Solution into the vial (Note 3).
3. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
4. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
5. Press ZERO key.
6. Remove the vial from the sample chamber.
7. Fill the second clean vial with 10 ml of the water sample (this is the sample).
8. Add 1 ml VARIO Hydra 2 Rgt Solution into the vial.
9. Close the vial tightly with the cap and swirl several times to mix the contents.
10. Place the vial (the blank) in the sample chamber making sure that the
marks are aligned.
11. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 12 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as Hydrazine.
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
Countdown 12:00
0
6
2
Page 99
97
1.1 Methods
Notes:
1. Samples cannot be preserved and must be analysed immediately.
2. Sample temperature should be 21°C ± 4°C.
3. The blank may develop a faint yellow colour due to the reagent.
4. Interferences:
• Ammonia causes no interferences up to 10 mg/l. At a concentration of 20 mg/l it is possible that the test result increases by 20%.
• Morpholine does not interfere up to 10 mg/l.
• Highly coloured or turbid samples:
Mix 1 part deionised water with 1 part household bleach. Add 1 drop of this mixture into 25 ml water sample and mix. Use 10 ml prepared sample in place of deionised water in point 1. Note: at point 7 use the unprepared water sample. Principle: Hydrazine is oxidised by household bleach. Colour interference will be eliminated by zeroing.
5. There is an option to change the unit from mg/L to μg/L. mg/l μg/l
Page 100
98
1.1 Methods
Hydrazine with Vacu-vials
®
K-5003 (see Notes)
0.01 – 0.7 mg/l N2H4 / 10 – 700 μg/l N2H
4
Insert the adapter for 13 mm Ø vials.
1. Place the blank in the sample chamber. The blank is part of the test kit.
2. Press ZERO key.
3. Remove the blank from the sample chamber.
4. Fill the sample container to the 25 ml mark with the water sample.
5. Place one Vacu-vial
®
in the sample container. Snap the tip by pressing the vial against the side of the sample container. The Vacu-vial® breaks at the neck and the vial fills automatically. A small volume of inert gas remains in the Vacu-vial®.
6. Mix the contents of the Vacu-vial
®
by inverting it several times, allowing the bubble to move from one end to the other. Dry the outside of the vial.
7. Place the Vacu-vial
®
in the sample chamber.
8. Press TEST key.
Wait for a reaction period of 10 minutes.
After the reaction period is finished the measurement
starts automatically.
The result is shown in the display as Hydrazine.
Countdown 10:00
prepare Zero press ZERO
Zero accepted prepare Test press TEST
0
7
2
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