Loopcomm LP-7316K User Manual

V3.0.0

2.4GHz Outdoor Router
User Manual

© 2014

V3.0.0

Table of Contents

1. Terminology .............................................................................................................. 5

2.Introduction ............................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Package Content............................................................................................. 7

2.2 Product Features ............................................................................................ 7

2.3 Rear Panel Description .................................................................................. 8

2.3 Front Panel Description ................................................................................ 9

3. Hardware Installation ........................................................................................... 10

3.1 Appearance and Interface Introduction .................................................... 10

3.2 Hardware Installation Steps ........................................................................ 12

4. Software Configuration ......................................................................................... 14

4.1 Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router ................ 15

4.2 Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router ................................................ 16

4.3 Management and configuration on the Outdoor Router ......................... 16

4.3.1 Wizard ................................................................................................ 16

4.3.1.1 Bridge Mode ........................................................................ 16

4.3.1.2 Gateway Mode ..................................................................... 21

4.3.1.3 WISP Mode .......................................................................... 30

4.3.2 Operation Mode ................................................................................ 41

4.3.3 Internet Settings ................................................................................ 43

4.3.3.1 WAN ........................................................................................ 43

4.3.3.2 LAN ......................................................................................... 48

4.3.3.3 VPN Pass Through ................................................................. 49

4.3.4 Wireless Settings................................................................................ 50

4.3.4.1 Basic ........................................................................................ 50

4.3.4.2 Advanced ................................................................................. 52

4.3.4.3 Security ................................................................................... 54

4.3.4.4 Station List .............................................................................. 61

4.3.4.5 WPS ......................................................................................... 62

4.3.5 Firewall ............................................................................................... 63

4.3.5.1 MAC/IP/Port Filtering .......................................................... 63

4.3.5.2 Port Forwarding..................................................................... 65

4.3.5.3 DMZ ........................................................................................ 67

4.3.5.4 System Security ...................................................................... 68

4.3.5.5 Content Filtering .................................................................... 69

4.3.6 Administration................................................................................... 70

4.3.6.1 Management ........................................................................... 70

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4.3.6.2 Qos ........................................................................................... 72

4.3.6.3 Upload Firmware ................................................................... 73

4.3.6.4 Backup& Restore ................................................................... 73

4.3.6.5 Status ....................................................................................... 74

4.3.6.6 System Log .............................................................................. 75

5. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ).................................................... 76

5.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address? ............................ 76

5.2 What is Wireless LAN? ............................................................................... 76

5.3 What are ISM bands? .................................................................................. 76

5.4 How does wireless networking work? ........................................................ 77

5.5 What is BSSID? ............................................................................................ 78

5.6 What is ESSID? ............................................................................................ 78

5.7 What are potential factors that may causes interference? ....................... 78

5.8 What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications? ................ 78

5.9 What is WEP? .............................................................................................. 78

5.10 What is Fragment Threshold? .................................................................. 79

5.11 What is RTS (Request to Send) Threshold? ............................................ 79

5.12 What is Beacon Interval? .......................................................................... 79

5.13 What is Preamble Type? ............................................................................ 80

5.14 What is SSID Broadcast? .......................................................................... 80

5.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WP A)? ................................................. 80

5.16 What is WPA2? .......................................................................................... 80

5.17 What is 802.1x Authentication? ................................................................ 80

5.18 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)? ................................ 81

5.19 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)? .................................... 81

5.20 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)? .......................................... 81

5.21 What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)? ....................................... 81

5.22 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)? .............................................. 81

5.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size? .............................. 81

5.24 What is Clone MAC Address? .................................................................. 81

5.25 What is DDNS? .......................................................................................... 82

5.26 What is NTP Client? .................................................................................. 82

5.27 What is VPN? ............................................................................................. 82

5.28 What is IPSEC? .......................................................................................... 82

5.29 What is WLAN Block Relay between Clients? ....................................... 82

5.30 What is WMM? .......................................................................................... 82

5.31 What is WLAN ACK TIMEOUT? ........................................................... 82

5.32 What is Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)? ......................................... 83

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5.33 What is Frame Aggregation? .................................................................... 83

5.34 What is Guard Intervals (GI)? ................................................................. 83

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1. Terminology

3DES Triple Data Encryption Standar d
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AP Access Point
CCK Complementary Code Keying
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Co llision Avoidance
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection
DDNS Dynamic Domain Name Server
DH Diffie-Hellman Algorithm
DHCP Dyna mic Host Configuration P ro tocol
DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
EAP Extensible Authentication Pro tocol
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FTP File Transfer Protocol
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IKE Internet Ke y Exchange
IP Internet Protocol
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
LAN Local Area Network
MAC Media Access Control
MD5 Message Digest 5
NAT Network Address Translation
NT Network Termination
NTP Network Time Protocol
PPTP Po int to Point Tunneling Protocol
PSD Power Spectral Density
RF Radio Frequency
SHA1 Secure Hash Algorithm
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SSID Service Set Identification
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol

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TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
UPNP Universal Plug and Play
VPN Virtual Private Network
WDS Wireless Distribution System

WEP Wired Equival ent Privacy
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access

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2.Introduction

The Outdoor Router is an affordable IEEE 802.11b/g /n specifications of Outdoor Router
solution; setting SOHO and enterprise standard for high performance, s ecur e, manageable
and reliable WLAN. This document describes the steps required for the initial IP address
assign and other configuration of the outdoor router. The description includes the
implementation of the above steps.

2.1 Package Content

The package of the WLAN Broadband Router includes the following items,

 Outdoor Router
 DC 12V Power Adapter
 Documentation CD
 POE Injector
 Tie

2.2 Product Features

 Compatible with IEEE 802.11n Specifications provides wireless speed up to

150Mbps data rate.

 Compatible with IEEE 802.11g standard to provide wireless speeds of 54Mbps data

rate.

 Compatible with IEEE 802.11b standard to provide wireless speeds of 11Mbps data

rate.

 Maximizes the performance and ideal for media-centric applications like streaming

video, gaming and Voice over IP technology.

 Support various operation (Bridge/Gateway/Ethernet Converter) modes between

wireless and wired Ethernet interfaces.

 Supports WPS, 64-bit and 128-bit WEP, WPA, WPA2 encryption to protect the

wireless data transmission.

 Support TKIP/AES/TKIPAES of WPA algorithms.
 Support IEEE 802.3x full duplex flow control on 10/100M Ethernet interface.
 Support DHCP server to provide clients auto IP addresses assignment.
 Support DHCP client, static IP, PPPoE, L2TP and PPTP of WAN Interface.
 Supports firewall security with port filtering, IP filtering, MAC filtering, port

forwarding, DMZ hosting and URL filtering functions.

 Support WEB based management and configuration.
 Support System Log.
 Support Dynamic DNS
 Support NTP

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2.3 Rear Panel Description

LED Indicator State Description

1. PWR LED

ON The WLAN Broadband Router is powered ON.

Off The WLAN Broadband Router is powered Off.

2. WLAN LED

ON

Wireless Radio O N.

Off Wireless Radio Off.

Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the wireless.

3. WAN LED

ON Port linked.
Off No link.

Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the WAN interface.

4. LAN LED

ON Port linked.

Off No link.

Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the LAN interface.

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2.3 Front Panel Description

Interfaces Description

SMA connect or

For external antenna. You can use the SMA connector to connect with

2.4GHz external antenna.

Secondary(Middle)

The RJ-45 sockets allow LAN connection through Category 5 cables.
Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply
with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.

Main(Right)

The RJ-45 socket allows WAN connection through a Category 5 cable.
Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex; comply
with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.

Reset Bottom

Press continually the reset button about 5 ~ 10 seconds to reset the
configuration parameters to factory defaults

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3. Hardware Installation

3.1 Appearance and Interface Introduction

Notes: The product shot is for reference only please refer to physical product.

1. LED Panel

2. Waterproof Sliding Door

3. Pass trough Ethernet cable from this hole

4. Push this button to remove upper housing

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5. Pole Mount

6. Wall Mount

7. Secondary port with POE

8. Main port

9. SMA connector for external antenna

10.Reset button

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3.2 Hardware Installation Steps

Step1: Push the button in the side to remove upper hous ing.

Step2: Pass through Ethernet cable from the hole; insert the cable to Secondary port.

Note: RJ-45 8P8C Ethernet cable is required.

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Step3: Install the upper housing and make s ure the housing is well installed.

Step4: Complete the hardware installation as diagram as below
Install POE Injector
DC: Insert adapter
POE: This hole is linked to Secondary port of the Outdoor Router with RJ-45.
LAN: This hole is linked to LAN side PC/Hub or Router/ADSL modem device with RJ-45

There is no software driver or utility installation needed, but only the configuration setting. Please refer
to chapter 4 for software configuration.

Notice: It will take about 50 seconds to complete the boot up sequence after powered on the Outdoor

Router; Power LED will be active, and a fter that the WLAN Activit y LED will be flashing to show the
WLAN interface is enabled and working now.

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4. Software Configuration

There are web based management and configuration functions allowing you to have t he jobs do ne
easily.
The Outdoor Router is delivered with the following factory default parameters on the Ethernet L A N
interfaces.
Default IP Address: 192.168.1.200
Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
WEB login User Name: admin
WEB login Password: admin

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4.1 Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router

For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000/ XP:

1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will
appear.

2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up Connections icon. Move
mouse and double-click the Local Area Connection icon. The Local Area Connection windo w will
appear. Click Properties button in the Local Area Connection window.

3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add button to
install it; otherwise go to step 6.

4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.

5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protoco l dialog box then click OK button to install t he
TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close and go
back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.

6. Select TCP/IP and click the p roperties button on the Network dialog box.

7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.

 IP Address: 192.168.1.1, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 is good to conne ct

the Wireless LAN Access Point. Don’t use 192.168.1.200

 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

8. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.

For OS of Microsoft Windows Vista / 7:

1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window will
appear.

2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network Connections item. The Network
Connections window will appear. Double click Local Area Connection icon, the n User Acco unt
Control window shown. Right click Continue button to set p roperties.

3. In Local Area Connection Properties window, Choose Networking tab, move mouse and click
Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), then click Properties button.

4. Move mouse and click General tab, Select Specify an IP address and type in values as f ollowing
example.

 IP Address: 192.168.1.1,, any IP address within 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254is good to connect

the Wireless LAN Access Point. Don’t use 192.168.1.200

 IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

5. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.

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4.2 Connect to the WLAN Broadband Rout er

Open a WEB browser, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.1 SP1 or above, then enter 192.168.1.200 on
the URL to connect the WLAN Broadband Router.

4.3 Management and configuration on the Outdoor Router

4.3.1 Wizard

The setup wizard will be changed when the user selects different operation modes.

4.3.1.1 Bridge Mode

This mode is for bridge setting. The 'Setup Wizard' will guide you to configure the router to connect to
your ISP(Internet Service Provider).

Click Next button to next step for LAN IP address set t i ngs.

Step 1: configure LAN IP address settings

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Step 2: configure Wireless Settings

There are five options (Disable, Open- WEP, Shared-WEP, WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK) for Wireless
security connection.

Item Description
Wireless Band Click to select wireless band from pull down menu.
Wireless Mode Click to select wireless mode from pull down menu.
Frequency ( Channel) Select the wireless communication frequency/channel from pull-down men u.
Network Name (SSID) It is the wireless network name. T he SSID can be 32 bytes long.
Channel Bandwidth Select the operating channel width 20 MHz or 20/40 MHz.
Security Mode Please select the security mode related wireless data encryption.

Pre-Shared Key

WEP: When you select WEP, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters
for WEP Key.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK: When WPA/WPA2 Pre-shared key encryption is selected,
please fill in the Pre-shared key. The format can be passphrase or Hex (64 characters).

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OPEN WEP

SHAREDWEP

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WPA-PSK

WPA2-PSK

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Apply button to s ave.
Choose either Client or WDS, then click Next button to step 3.

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Step 3:
a. Configure AP Client Mode Settings

b. Configure WDS Mo de Settings

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4.3.1.2 Gateway Mode

This mode is for home networking. The 'Setup Wizard' will guide you to configure the
router to connect to your ISP(Internet Service Provider).

Step 1: configure LAN IP address settings

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Step2: configure Internet connection

Click Next button to next step for Inter net c onnection settings. Ther e a r e five options (DHCP, Static
Mode, PPPOE, L 2 TP, PPTP) for Internet connection on WAN port.
a. DHCP (Auto Configure)

If you select

DHCP

option, please click

Next

button to jump at Step3.

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b. Static Mode (fixed IP)

If you select

Static Mode (fixed IP)

, please fill in these fields on next page.

Item Description
IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.
Subnet Mas k Fill in the subnet mask fo r WAN interface.
Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN i nter face out going data packets.
Primary DNS

Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.

Secondary DNS
Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick

Next

button to jump at Step3.

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c. PPPOE (ADSL)

If you select PPPOE, please fill in these fields on next page.

Item Description
User Name If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and

password to login the PPPoE server.

Password If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and

password to login the PPPoE server.
Verify Password Fill in the password again for verification.
Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the PPPoE connection all the time. Please also configure the

Redial Period field.

On Demand: Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the PPPoE

connection will disconnect. The co nnection will re-connect when any outgoing

packet arise.

Manual: Let user connect the PPPoE connection manually.
When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Next button to jump at Step3.

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d. L2TP

If you select L2TP, please fill in these fields on next page.

Item Description
L2TP Server IP

Address

Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data trans mis sion
among the connection. User can use embedded L2TP client supported by this router to
make a VPN connection. If you select the L2TP support on WAN interface, fill in the

IP address for it.
User Name Fill in the use r name and password to login the L2TP server.
Password Fill in the use r name and password to login the L2TP server.
Address Mode

Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the related

setting at below.

Dynamic: The option allows the machine to get I P address information automatica lly

from DHCP server on WAN side.
IP Address Fill in the IP ad d r ess for WAN interface.
Subnet Mas k Fill in the subnet mask fo r WAN interface.
Default Gateway Fill in the default gatewa y for WAN interface out going data packets.
Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the L2TP connection all the time. Please also configure the Redial

Period field.

Manual: Let user connect the L2TP connection manually.

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Next button to jump at Step3.

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e. PPTP
If you select PPTP, please fill in these fields on next page.

Item Description
PPTP Server IP

Address

Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data
transmission among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client
supported by this router to make a VPN connection. If you select the PPTP

support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.
User Name Fill in the user name and password to login the PP TP server.
Password Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server.
Address Mode

Static: To configure t he IP address information by manually, please fill in the

related setting at below.

Dynamic: The option allows the machine to get I P address information

automatically from DHCP server on WAN side.
IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.
Subnet Mas k Fill in the subnet mas k for WAN interface.
Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.
Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the PPTP connection all the time. Please also configure the

Redial Period field.

Manual: Let user connect the PPTP connection manually.

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Next button to jump at Step3.

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Step 3: configure Wireless Settings

There are five options (Disable, WEP, WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK) for Wireless security connection.

Item Description
Wireless Band Click to select wireless band from pull down menu.
Frequency ( Channel) Select the wireless communication frequency/channel from pull-down men u.
Network Name (SSID) It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32 bytes long.
Channel Bandwidth Select the operating channel width 20 MHz or 20/40 MHz.
Security Mode Please select the security mode related wireless data encryption.

Pre-Shared Key

WEP: When you select WEP, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters
for WEP Key.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK: When WPA/WPA2 Pre-shared key encryption is selected,
please fill in the Pre-shared key. The format can be passphrase or Hex (64 characters).

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OPEN WEP

SHAREDWEP

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WPA-PSK

WPA2-PSK

When you finish these set t ings, then c l ick Apply button to save.
Choose either Client or WDS, then click Next button to step 3.

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4.3.1.3 WISP Mode

This mode is for home networking. The 'Setup Wizard' will guide you to configure the
router to connect to your ISP(Internet Service Provider).

Step 1: configure LAN IP address settings

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Step2: configure Internet connection

Click Next button to next step for Inter net c onnection settings. Ther e a r e five options (DHCP, Static
Mode, PPPOE, L2TP, PPTP) for Internet connection on WAN port.

a. DHCP (Auto Configure)

If you select

DHCP

option, please click

Next

button to jump at Step3.

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b. Static Mode (fixed IP)

If you select

Static Mode (fixed IP)

, please fill in these fields on next page.

Item Description
IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.
Subnet Mas k Fill in the subnet mask fo r WAN interface.
Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN i nter face out going data packets.
Primary DNS

Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.

Secondary DNS
Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick

Next

button to jump at Step3.

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c. PPPOE (ADSL)

If you select PPPOE, please fill in these fields on next page.

Item Description
User Name If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and

password to login the PPPoE server.
Password If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and

password to login the PPPoE server.
Verify Password Fill in the password again for verification.
Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the PPPoE connection all the time. Please also configure the

Redial Period field.

On Demand: Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the PPPoE

connection will disconnect. The connection will re-connect when any outgoing

packet arise.

Manual: Let user connect the PPPoE connection manually.
When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Next button to jump at Step3.

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d. L2TP

If you select L2TP, please fill in these field s o n next page.

Item Description
L2TP Server IP

Address

Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data trans mis sion
among the connection. User can use embedded L2TP client supported by this router to
make a VPN connection. If you select the L2TP support on WAN interface, fill in the

IP address for it.
User Name Fill in the use r name and password to login the L2TP server.
Password Fill in the use r name and password to login the L2TP server.
Address Mode

Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the related

setting at below.

Dynamic: The option allows the machine to get I P address information automatica lly

from DHCP server on WAN side.
IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.
Subnet Mas k Fill in the subnet mask fo r WAN interface.
Default Gateway Fill in the default gatewa y for WAN interface out going data packets.
Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the L2TP connection all the time. Please also configure the Redial

Period field.

Manual: Let user connect the L2TP connection manually.

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Next button to jump at Step3.

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e. PPTP
If you select PPTP, please fill in these fields on next page.

Item Description
PPTP Server IP

Address

Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data
transmission among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client
supported by this router to make a VPN connection. If you select the PPTP

support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.
User Name Fill in the user name and password to login the PP TP server.
Password Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server.
Address Mode

Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the

related setting at below.

Dynamic: The option allows the machine to get I P address information

automatically from DHCP server on WAN side.
IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.
Subnet Mas k Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface.
Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.
Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the PPTP connection all the time. Please also configure the

Redial Period field.

Manual: Let user connect the PPTP connection manually.

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Next button to jump at Step3.

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Step 3: configure Wireless Settings

There are five options (Disable, OPENWEP,WPA-PSK WPA2-PSK) for Wireless security connection.

Item Description
Wireless Band Click to select wireless band from pull down menu.
Frequency ( Channel) Select the wireless communication frequency/channel from pull-down men u.
Network Name (SSID) It is the wireless network name. T he SSID can be 32 bytes long.
Channel Bandwidth Select the operating channel width 20 MHz or 20/40 MHz.
Security Mode Please select the security mode related wireless data encryption.

Pre-Shared Key

WEP: When you select WEP, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters
for WEP Key.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK: When WPA/WPA2 Pre-shared key encryption is selected,
please fill in the Pre-shared key. The format can be passphrase or Hex (64 characters).

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OPEN WEP

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Next button to jump at Step4

SHAREDWEP

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Next button to jump at Step4

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WPA-PSK

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Next button to jump at Step4

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WPA2-PSK

Item Description
Wireless Band Click to select wireless band from pull down menu.
Frequency (Channel) Select the wireless communication frequency/channel from pull-down men u.
Network Name (SSID) It is the wireless network name. T he SSID can be 32 bytes long.
Channel Bandwidth Select the operating channel width 20 MHz or 20/40 MHz.
Security Mode Please select the security mode related wireless data encryption.

Pre-Shared Key

WEP: When you select WEP, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX) characters
for WEP Key.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK: When WPA/WPA2 Pre-shared key encryption is selected,
please fill in the Pre-shared key. The format can be passphrase or Hex (64 characters).

When you finish these set t ings, then c lick Apply button to s ave.

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Step 4. Configure AP Clie nt setting

SCAN APs

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4.3.2 Operation Mode

a. Bridge:

The Bridge mode allows that all Ethernet and wireless interfaces are bridged into a single bridge

interface.

b. Gateway:

The Gateway mode allows that the first Ethernet port is tr e a te d as WAN port and the Ethernet

port and the wireless interface are bridged together and are treated as LAN ports.

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c. Wireless ISP

The Wireless ISP mode allows that the wireless interface is treated as WAN port, and the Ethernet
ports are LAN ports.

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4.3.3 Internet Settings

4.3.3.1 WAN

a. STATIC

Item Description
IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.

Subnet Mas k Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface.

Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN i nter face out going data packets.

Primary DNS
Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.

Secondary DNS
Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.

MAC Clone

Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.

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b. DHCP

Item Description
Hostname Fill in the host name of Host Name of DHCP server. The default value is empty.

MAC Clone Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.

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. PPPoE

Item Description
User Name If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and

password to login the PPPoE server.

Password

If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and

password to login the PPPoE server.

Verify Password Fill in the pass word again for verification.

Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the PPPoE connection all the time. Please also configure the
Redial Period field.
On Demand: Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the PPPoE
connection will disconnect. The co nnection will re-connect when any outgoin g
packet arise.
Manual: Let user connect the PPPoE connection manually.

MAC Clone Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.

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d. L2TP

Item Description
Server IP

Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data

transmission among the connection. Us

er can use embedded L2TP client

supported by this router to make a VPN connection.

If you select the L2TP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.
User Name Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server.
Password Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server.
Address Mode

Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the

related setting at below.

Dynamic:

The option allows the machine to get IP address information

automatically from DHCP server on WAN si de.
IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.
Subnet Mas k Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface .

Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data p a c kets.
Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep

the L2TP connection all the time. Please also configure the

Redial Period field.

On Demand:

Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the L2TP

connection will disconnect. The connection will re-

connect when any out going

packet arise.
Manual: Let user connect the L2TP connection manually.

MAC Clone Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.

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e. PPTP

Item Description
Server IP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data

transmis

sion among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client

supported by this router to make a VPN connection.

If you select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.
User Name Fill in the user name and password to l ogin the PPTP server.
Password Fill in the user name and password to l ogin the PPTP server.

Address Mode

Static: To configure the IP address information b y manually, please fill in the

related setting at below.

Dynamic: The option allows the machine to get IP address information

automatically from DHCP server on WAN side.
IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.
Subnet Mas k Fill in the subne t mask for WAN interface.
Default Gateway Fill in the de fault gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.
Operation Mode

Keep Alive:

Keep the PPTP connection all the time. Please also configure the

Redial Period field.

On Demand:

Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the PPTP

connection will disconnect. The connection will re-connect when any ou

tgoing

packet arise.

Manual: Let user connect the PPTP connection manually.
MAC Clone Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.

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4.3.3.2 LAN

Item Description

MAC Address

Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.
IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.
Subnet Mas k Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface.
DHCP Type

Disable: Disable DH CP server on LAN side.

Server: Enable DHCP server on LAN side.

Lease Time Fill in the lease time of DH CP server function.
LLTD Select enable or disable the Link Layer Topology Discover function from

pull-down men u.
IGMP Proxy Select enable or disable the IGMP proxy function from pull-do wn menu.
UPNP Select enable or disable the UPnP protocol from pull-down men u.
DNS Proxy Select enable or disable the DNS Pro xy function from pull-down menu.

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4.3.3.3 VPN Pass Through

Item Description
L2TP Passthrough Select enable or disable the L2TP pass-through function from pull-down menu.
IPSec Pas s t hrough Select enable or disable the IPSec pass-through function from pull-down menu.
PPTP Passthrough Select enable or disable the PPTP pass-through function from pull-down menu.

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4.3.4 Wireless Settings

4.3.4.1 Basic

Item Description

Wireless On/Off

Click Wireless OFF b utton to turn off wireless RF radio. Click Wireless ON

button to turn on wireless RF radio.

Antenna Switc h

Select Internal antenna or External antenna for using. The default is using

Internal antenna.
Wireless Band Click to select wireless band from pull down menu.

SSID

It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32 bytes long. User can use

the default SSID or change it.
Broadcast

Network Name
(SSID)

Enable or disable the SSID broadcast function.

AP Isolation

Wireless network is similar to the virt ual local area network. All of the Wireless

client devices can access each other completely. When you enable this function,

it will turn off connection between wirele ss clients. Only allows connection

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between wireless client and this AP r outer.

BSSID Show the MAC address of Wireless interface.
Frequency

(Channel)

Select the wireless communication frequency/channel from pull-down menu.

Operating Mode Select “Mixed Mode” for 11b/g/n mode or “Green Field” for 11n mode.
Channel

Bandwidth

Select the operating channel width 20 MHz or 20/40 MHz.

Guard Interval

Select “Long” or “Auto”. Guard intervals are used to ensure that distinct

transmissions do not interfere with one another. Only effect under Mixed

Mode.

MCS

Select 0~7 or “Auto” from pull down menu. The default is “Auto”. Only effect

under Mixed Mode.

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4.3.4.2 Advanced

Item Description
B/G Protection

Mode

When protection is enabled in this mode, it protects 802.11b/g client

transmissions.
Beacon Interval Beacons are the packets sending by Access point to synchronize the wireless

network. The beacon interval is the time interval between beacons sending by

this unit in AP or AP+WDS operation. The default and recommended beacon

interval is 100 milliseconds.
Data Beacon

Rate(DTM)

This is the Delivery Traffic Indication Map. It is used to alert the clients that

multicast and broadcast packets buffered at the AP will be transmitted

immediately after the transmission o f this beacon frame. You can change the

value from 1 to 255. The AP will check the buffered data according to this

value. For example, selecting “1” means to check the buffered data at every

beacon.
Fragment

Threshold

The fragmentation threshold determines the size at which packets are

fragmented (sent as several pieces instead of as one block). Use a low setting in

areas where communication is poor or where there is a great deal of radio

interferenc e. This func t ion will help you to improve the network performance.

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RTS Threshold The RTS threshold determines the packet size at which the radio issues a

request to send (RTS) before sending the packet. A low RTS Threshold setting

can be useful in areas where many client devices are associating with the

device, or in areas where the clients are far apart and can detect only the device

and not each o ther. You can enter a set t ing rangin g from 0 to 2347 bytes.
TX Power The default TX power is 100%. In case of shortening the distance and the

coverage of the wireless network, input a smaller value to reduce the radio

transmission power. For example, input 80 to apply 80% Tx power.
Short Preamble Default: Disable. It is a performance parameter for 802.11 b/g mode and not

supported by some of very early stage of 802.11b station cards. If there is no

such kind of stations associated to this AP, you can enable this function.

Short Slot It is used to shorten the communication time be tween this AP and station.

TX Burst The device will try to send a serial of packages with single ACK reply from the

clients. Enable this function to ap ply it.

Country Code Select the country code for wireless from pull down menu.

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4.3.4.3 Security

a. Disable

If you set Security Mode to “Disable”, the wireless data transmission will not include encryption to
prevent from unauthoriz ed access and monitoring.

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b. OPEN-WEP // SHARED-WEP

If you set Security Mode to “OPEN-WEP or SHARED -WEP`”, please fill in the related
configurations as below.

Item Description
Default Key Specify a Key number for effective.
WEP Keys (1~4) When you select WEPAUTO, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX)

characters for WEP Key.

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c. WPA-PSK/WPA2PSK

If you set Security Mode to “WPAPSK or WPA2-PSK”, please fill in the related configurations as
below.

Item Description
WPA Cipher Suite

Select TKIP, AES, or TKIPAES for WPA algorithms.

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Pre-Shared Key Please fill in a passphrase like ‘test wpa 123’, or a hexadecimal string like

'65E4 E123 456 E1'.
Key Renewal

Interval

Please fill in a number for Group Key Renewal interval time.

d. WPA-RADIUS/WPA2-RADIUS

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Item Description
WPA Cipher Suite

Select TKIP or AES for WPA algorithms.
Key Renewal

Interval

Please fill in a number for Group Key Renewal interval time.

IP Address Enter the RADIUS Server’s IP Address provided by your ISP.
Port Enter the RADIUS Server’s port number provided by your ISP. (The Default is

1812.)
Shared Secret Enter the password that the Wireless Router shares with the RADIUS Server.
Session Timeout Session timeout interval is for 802.1x re-authenticatio n setting. Set to zero to

disable 802.1x re-authentication service for each session. Session timeout
interval unit is second and must be larger than 60.

Idle Timeout Enter the idle timeout in the column.

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e. 802.1X

Item Description
WEP Select Disable or Enable For WEP
IP Address Enter the RADIUS Server’s IP Address provided by your ISP.
Port Enter the RADIUS Server’s port number provided by your ISP. (The Default is

1812.)
Shared Secret Enter the password that the Wireless Router shares with the RADIUS Server.
Session Timeout Session ti meo ut interval is for 802.1x re-authentication setting. Set to zero to

disable 802.1x re-authentication service for each session. Session timeout
interval unit is second and must be larger than 60.

Idle Timeout Enter the idle timeout in the column.

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f. Access Policy

Item Description
Policy

Select the Disabled, Allow or Reject of drop down menu choose wireless
access control mode. This is a security control function; only those clie nts
registered in the access control list can link to this WLAN Broadband Router.

Add a station
MAC

Fill in the MAC address of client to register this AP router access capability.

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4.3.4.4 Station List

You could monitor stations w hich associated to this AP here.

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4.3.4.5 WPS

Item Description
WPS

Select Enable or Disable the Wi -Fi Protected Setup function. Then click Apply
button to take effect function after change.

WPS Summary After enabling the WPS functio n, if there is connection the WPS Su mmary will

show related information and status.

AP PIN Here shows the AP’s PIN code (Personal Identification Number) that the

enrollee should enter the registrar’s PIN code to make a connection. Click
Generate button to generate a new AP PIN code.

WPS mode

Select WPS mode. PIN: Personal Identification Numbe r. PBC: Push Button
Communication.

PIN Input enrollee’s PIN code to AP-registrar.

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4.3.5 Firewall

4.3.5.1 MAC/IP/Port Filtering

Item Description
MAC/IP/Port

Filtering

Select Enable or Disable the MAC/IP/P ort Filtering function.

Item Description
Source MAC

address

Fill in the MAC address of source NIC, to restrict data transmission.

Dest IP Address Fill in the IP address of destination, to restrict da ta tr a nsmission.
Source IP Address Fill in the IP address of source, to re str ic t data transmission.
Protocol Select the protocol that you want to res trict. Ther e are four options: None, T CP,

UDP and ICMP.

Dest Port Range Fill in the start-port and end-

port number of destination, to restrict data

transmission.
Source Port Range Fill in the start-port and end-port number of source, to restrict data transmission.
Action

Select Accept or Drop to specify the action of filtering policies.

Comment Make a comment for the filtering policy.

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Item Description
□

Make a mark for next action.

Delete Selected

Click Delete Selected button to delete all that you selected.

Reset

Click Reset button to clear selected items.

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4.3.5.2 Port Forwarding

Item Description
Port Forwarding

Select Enable or Disable the P or t Forwarding function.

IP Address To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted

in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address.

Port Range To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted

in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the port range.
Protocol Specify protocol, TCP&UDP, TCP or UDP.
Comment Make a comment for the port forwarding policy.

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Item Description
Virtual Server

Select Enable or Disable the Virtual Server func tion.

IP Address To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted

in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the IP address.

Public Port To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted

in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the public port.

Private Port To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted

in local network behind the NAT firewall, fill in the private port.

Protocol Specify protocol, TCP&UDP, TCP or UDP.

Comment Make a comment for the virtual server policy.

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4.3.5.3 DMZ

Item Description
DMZ Settings

Enable or Disable the DMZ function.

DMZ IP Address To support DMZ in your firewall design, fi ll in the IP address of DMZ host that

can be access from the WAN interface.

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4.3.5.4 System Security

Item Description
Remote

management

Select Deny or Allow for r emote management function.

Ping form WA N
Filter

Select Disable or Enable for Ping permit from WAN.

SPI Firewall

Select Disable or Enable for SPI firewall function.

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4.3.5.5 Content Filtering

Item Description
Keyword

Fill in a word for Webs Host Filter po lic y.

Add Make a mark for next action.

Delete

Click Delete button to delete all that you selected.

Reset

Click Reset button to clear selected items.

Item Description
URL

Fill in a URL for Webs URL Filter policy.

Add Make a mark for next action.

Delete

Click Delete button to delete all that you selected.

Reset

Click Reset button to clear selected items.

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4.3.6 Administration

4.3.6.1 Management

Item Description
Username Fill in the user name for web management login control.
Password Fill in the password for web management login control.
Current Time It shows the current time.
Time Zone Select the time zo ne in your country from pull-down menu. .
NTP Server Fill in NTP server IP address.
NTP

synchronization

Fill in a number to decide the synchronization frequency with NTP server.

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Item Description
Dynamic DNS

Provider

Click the drop down menu to pick up the right DDNS provider you registered.

Account Fill in the account of DDNS you registered .
Password Fill in the password of DDNS you registered.
DDNS Fill i n the domain name that you registered.

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4.3.6.2 Qos

Item Description
Uplink Speed Input uplink Maximum upload
Downlink Spe ed

speed

Input downlink Maximum download
Local IP Address

speed

Fill in the local IP address
Uplink Bandwidth Fill limit
Downlink

Bandwidth

upload bandwidth

Fill limit downlink bandwidth

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4.3.6.3 Upload Firmware

Item Description
Location

Click the Browse button to select the new firmware image file on PC. And click

the Apply button to up grade fir mwa re.

4.3.6.4 Backup& Restore

Item Description
Export Butt on

Click Export button to export the current configuration to your PC.
Settings file

location

Click Browse button to select the configuration file from your PC, then clic k

Import button to update the c onfiguration.
Load Default

Button

Click the Load Default button to reset the configuration parameter to factory

defaults.
This page shows the curr ent status and some basic s ettings of the device, inc ludes system info, Internet

Configurations and Loc al Network.

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4.3.6.5 Status

This page shows the curr ent status and some basic settings of the device, includes system info, Internet
Configurations and Loc al Network.

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4.3.6.6 System Log

This page is used to view system logs

Item Description
Refresh

Click the Refresh but t on to refre sh the log shown on the screen.
Clear

Click the Clear button to clear the log display screen.

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5. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)

5.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?

IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP
protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a
32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255.
For example, 191.168.1.254 could be an IP address
The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number. (On an
Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to the Internet from your
computer (or host as the Internet protocol thinks of it), a correspondence table relates your IP address
to your computer's physical (MAC) address on the LAN.
To find your PC’s IP and MAC address,

 Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows.
 Type in “ipconfig /all”, then press the Enter button.
 Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC address is the one

entitled Physical Address.

5.2 What is Wireless LAN?

A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the need for any wired
connections t o the user’s machine.

5.3 What are ISM bands ?

ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are located at 915
+/-13 MHz, 2450 +/-50 MHz and 5800 +/-75 MHz.

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5.4 How does wireless net wo rking work?

The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In infrastructure mode,
the wireless network consists of at least one access point connected to the wired network infrastructure
and a set of wireless end stations. This configuration is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended
Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs forming a single sub-network. Since most corporate
WLANs require access to the wired LAN for services (file servers, printers, Internet links) they will
operate in infrastructure mode.

Example 1: wireless Infrastructure M ode
Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set, or IBSS) is simply a
set of 802.11 wireless stations that communicate directly with one another without using an access
point or any connection to a wired network. This mode is useful for quickly and easily setting up a
wireless network anywhere that a wireless infrastructure does not exist or is not required for services,
such as a hotel room, convention center, or airport, or where access to the wired network is barred
(such as for consultants at a client site).

Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode

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5.5 What is BSSID?

A six-byte add ress is that distinguish a particular a particular access point from others. Also know as
just SSID. Serve as a net work ID or name.

5.6 What is ESSID?

The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It is used to
identify different wireless networ ks.

5.7 What are potential factors that may causes interference?

Factors of interference:

 Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc.
 Building Materials: metal door, a luminum studs.
 Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors.

Solutions to overcome the interferences:

 Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings.
 Position the WLAN antenna for best rece ption.
 Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves, monitors, electric

motors…etc.

 Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary.

5.8 What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications?

IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open system and shared key.
Under open system authentication, any wireless station can request authentication. The station that
needs to authenticate with another wireless station sends an authentica tion management frame that
contains the identity of the sending station. The receiving station then returns a frame that indicates
whether it recognizes the sending station. Unde r shared key authentication, e a c h wireless station is
assumed to have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the 802.11
wireless network communications channel.

5.9 What is WEP?

An option of IEEE 802.11 function is that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired
network.
The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination
stations can use to alert frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.
WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop with a wireless
Ethernet card) and an access point (i.e. a base station). The secret key is used to encrypt packets before
they are transmitted, and an integrit y check is used to ensure that packets ar e no t modified in transit.

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5.10 What is F ragment Threshold?

The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11 to achieve
parallel transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented into several fragments each of size equal to
fragment threshold. By tuning the fragment thr eshold value, we can get varying fragment sizes. The
determinat i on of an efficient fragment threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the fragment
threshold is small, the overlap part of the master and parallel transmission s is large. This means the
spatial reuse ratio of parallel transmissions is high. In contrast, with a large fragment threshold, the
overlap is small and the spatial reuse r a tio is low. However high fragment threshold leads to low
fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and fragment overhead.
Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets larger than the size
programmed in this field will be fragmented.
If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send packets, for example).
You may want to try lowering your fra gmentation threshold. This will cause pa ckets to be broken into
smaller fragments. These small fragments, if corrupted, can be resent faster than a larger fragment.
Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll want to keep this value as close to the maximum value as
possible.

5.11 What is R TS (Request to Send) Threshold?

The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the RTS/CT S
transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be transmitted without RTS/
CTS transactions. Each station can have a different RTS threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data
packet size exceeds the defined RTS thresho ld. With the C SMA/CA transmission mechanism, the
transmitting station sends out an RT S packet to the receiving station, and waits for the receiving station
to send back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before sending the actual packet data.
This setting is useful for networks with many cli ents. With many clients , and a high ne twork load, there
will be many more collisions. By lowering the RTS threshold, there may be fewer collisions, and
performance should improve. Basically, with a faster RTS threshold, the system can reco ver from
problems faster. RTS packets consume valuable bandwidth, however, so setting this value too low will
limit performance.

5.12 What is Beacon Interval?

In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11 include management and
control frames that support data transfer. The beacon frame, which is a type of management frame,
provides the "heartbeat" of a wirele ss LAN, enabling stations to establish and maintain
communications in an orderly fashion.
Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions. Before a station enters
power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to wake up to receive the beacon
(and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access point).

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5.13 What is P reamble Type?

There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long preamble basically gives
the decoder more time to process the preamble. All 802.11 devices support a long preamble. The short
preamble is designed to improve efficiency (for example, for VoIP systems). The difference between
the two is in the Synchronization field. The long preamble is 128 bits, and the short is 56 bit

5.14 What is SSID Broadcast?

Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access point (including
various bits of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By disablin g that feature, the SSID
configured in the client must match the SSID of the access point.
Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example the D-link DWL-120
USB 802.11b adapter). Generally if your client hardware supports operation with SSID disabled, it's
not a bad idea to run that way to enhance network security. However it's no replacement for WEP,
MAC filtering or other protectio ns.

5.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?

Wi-Fi’s original security mechanism, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), has been viewed as
insufficient for securing confidential business communications. A longer-term solution, the IEEE

802.11i standard, is under development. However, since the IEEE 802.11i standard is not expected to
be published until the end of 2003, several members of the WI-Fi Alliance teamed up with members of
the IEEE 802.11i task group to develo p a significa nt near-term enhancement to Wi-Fi security.
Together, this team developed Wi-Fi Protected Access.
To upgrade a WLAN network to support WPA, Access Points will require a WPA software upgrade.
Clients will require a software upgrad e for the network interface card, and possibly a software update
for the operating system. For enterprise networks, an authentication server, typically one that supports
RADIUS and the selected EAP authentic a tion protocol, will be added to the network.

5.16 What is WPA2?

It is the second generation of WPA. WPA2 is based on the final I EEE 802.11i amendment to the

802.11 standard.

5.17 What is 8 02.1x Authentic ation?

802.1x is a framework for authenticated MAC-level access control, defines Extensible Authentication
Protocol (EAP) over LANs (WAPOL). The standard encapsulates and leverages much of EAP, which
was defined for dial-up authe ntication with Point-to-Point Protocol in RFC 2284.
Beyond encapsulating EAP packets, the 802.1x standard also defines EAPOL messages that convey the
shared key information critical for wireless security.

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5.18 What is Te mporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?

The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE 802.11i encryption
standard for wireless LANs. TKIP is the next generation of WE P, the Wired Equivalency Protocol ,
which is used to secure 802.11 wireless LANs. TKIP provides per-packet key mixin g, a message
integrity check and a re -keying mechanism, thus fixing the flaws of WEP.

5.19 What is A dvanced Encryption Standard (AES)?

Security issues are a major concern for wireless LANs, AES is the U.S. government’s next-generation
cryptography algorithm, which will replace DES and 3DES.

5.20 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP )?

The IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) supports Access Point Vendor interoper a bility,
enabling roaming of 802.11 Stations within IP subnet.
IAPP defines messages and data to be exchanged between Access Points and between the IAPP and
high layer management entities to supp ort roaming. The IAPP protocol uses TCP for inter-Access Point
communication and UDP for RADIUS request/response exchanges. It also uses Layer 2 frames to
update the forwarding tables of Layer 2 devices.

5.21 What is Wireless Distribu tion System (W DS)?

The Wireless Distribution System feature allows WLAN AP to talk directly to other APs via wireless
channel, like the wireless bridge or repeater service.

5.22 What is U niversal Plug and Play (uPNP)?

UPnP is an open networki ng architec ture that consists of services, devices, and control points. The
ultimate goal is to allow data communication among all UPnP devices regar dless of media, operating
system, programming language, and wired/wireless connection.

5.23 What is M aximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size?

Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is larger than this value
will be fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP negotiation, the peer of the PPP connection
will indicate its MRU and will be accepted. The actual MTU of the PPP connection will be set to the
smaller one of MTU and the peer’s MRU.

5.24 What is Clone MAC Address?

Clone MAC address is designed for your special application that request the clients to register to a
server machine with one identified MAC address. Since that all the clients will communicate outside
world through the WLAN Broadband Router, so have the cloned MAC address set on the WLAN
Broadband Router will solve the issue.

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5.25 What is DDNS?

DDNS is the abbreviation of Dynamic Domain Name Server. It is designed for user owned the DNS
server with dynamic WAN IP address.

5.26 What is N TP Client?

NTP client is designed for fetching t he current timestamp from internet via Ne twork Time protocol.
User can specify time zone, NTP server IP address.

5.27 What is VPN?

VPN is the abbreviation of Virtual Private Network. It is designed for creating point-to point private
link via shared or publi c network.

5.28 What is IP SEC?

IPSEC is the abbreviation of IP Security. It is used to transferring data sec ure ly under VPN.

5.29 What is WL AN Block Relay between Clients?

An Infrastructure Basic Service Set is a BSS with a component called an Access Point (AP). The
access point provides a local relay function for the BSS. All stations in the BSS communicate with the
access point and no longer communicate directly. All frames are relayed between stations by the access
point.
This local relay function effectively doubles the range of the IBSS.

5.30 What is WMM?

WMM is based on a subset of the IEEE 802.11e WLAN QoS draft standard. WMM adds prioritized
capabilities to Wi-Fi networks and optimizes their performance when multiple concurring applications,
each with different latency and throughput requi rements, compete for network resources. By using
WMM, end-user satisfaction is maintained in a wider variety of environments and traffic conditions.
WMM makes it possible for home network users and enterprise network managers to decide which
data streams are most important and assign them a higher traffic prior ity.

5.31 What is WLAN ACK TIMEOUT?

ACK frame has to receive ACK timeout frame. If remote does not receive in specified period, it will be
retransmitted.

V3.0.0

5.32 What is Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)?

MCS is Wireless link data rate for 802.11n. The throughput/range performance of an AP will depend
on its implementation of coding schemes. MCS includes variables such as the number of spatial
streams modulation, and the data rate on each stream. Radios establishing and maintaining a link must
automatically negotiate the optimum MCS based on channel conditions and then co ntinuously a djust
the selection of MCS as conditions change due to interference, motion, fading, and other events.

5.33 What is F rame Aggregation?

Every 802.11 packet, no matter how small, has a fixed amount of overhead associated with it. Frame
Aggregation combines multiple smaller packets together to form one larger packet. The larger packet
can be sent without the overhead o f t he individual packets. This technique helps i mprove the effi ciency
of the 802.11n radio allowing more end user data to be sent in a given time.

5.34 What is Guard Intervals ( GI)?

. A GI is a period of time between symbol transmissions that allows reflections (from multipath) from
the previous data transmission to settle before transmitting a new symbol. The 802.11n draft specifies
two guard intervals: 400ns (short) and 800ns (long). Support of the 400ns GI is optional for transmit
and receive. The purpose of a guard interval is to introduce immunity to propagation delays, echoes,
and reflections to which digital data is normally very sensiti ve.