5-4 FCC and Other Compliance Statements .............................................. 77
~ 2 ~
Chapter I: Product Information
1-1 Introduction and safety information
Thank you for purchasing this high-speed 802.11n/g/b wireless
network card! Excepting common wireless standards 802.11b/g,
this wireless network card is also 802.11 N compatible - data
transfer rate is 300Mbps, and that’s six times faster than 802.11g
wireless network! 802.11 N also provides wider wireless coverage,
so you don’t have to worry if your computer is far from your wireless
access point. This wireless network card also supports MIMO
(Multi-In, Multi-Out) technology, which uses two different radio
channels to enhance data transfer rate and wireless coverage.
With easy-to-install USB 2.0 interface - a very common expansion
port of computers - plug this wireless network card into any empty
USB port of your computer, just that simple!
Other features of this router including:
High-efficiency antenna, expands the scope of your wireless
network.
QoS function: control the bandwidth required for different
applications.
802.11n/g/b compatible.
Supports major encryption methods like WEP, WPA, and WPA2
encryption.
USB 2.0 interface - you can get it installed on your computer in
just few seconds!
Wireless access control - prevent unauthorized network access
to your network and computer.
~ 3 ~
1-2 Safety Information
In order to keep the safety of users and your properties, please
follow the following safety instructions:
1. This USB wireless network card is designed for indoor use only.
DO NOT expose this network card to direct sun light, rain, or
snow.
2. DO NOT put this network card at or near hot or humid places,
like kitchen or bathroom. Also, do not left this wireless network
card in the car in summer.
3. This network card is small enough to put in a child’s mouth, and
it could cause serious injury or could be fatal. If they throw the
network card, the card will be damaged. PLEASE KEEP THIS
NETWORK CARD OUT THE REACH OF CHILDREN!
4. This network card will become hot when being used for long time
(This is normal and is not a malfunction). DO NOT put the
network card on a paper, cloth, or other flammable objects after
the network card has been used for a long time.
5. There’s no user-serviceable part inside the network card. If you
found that the network card is not working properly, please
contact your dealer of purchase and ask for help. DO NOT
disassemble the network card by your self, warranty will be void.
6. If the network card falls into water, DO NOT USE IT AGAIN
BEFORE YOU SEND THE CARD TO THE DEALER OF
PURCHASE FOR INSPECTION.
7. If you smell something strange or even see some smoke coming
out from the network card, switch the computer off immediately,
and call dealer of purchase for help.
~ 4 ~
1-3 System Requirements
An empty USB 2.0 port (May not work on USB 1.1 port, and
performance will be greatly reduced)
Windows 2000, 2003, XP, Vista or Windows 7 operating system
CD-ROM drive
At least 100MB of available disk space
~ 5 ~
1-4 Package Contents
Before you starting to use this wireless network card, please check
if there’s anything missing in the package, and contact your dealer
of purchase to claim for missing items:
5
3
2
1. W ireless N USB2.0 Adapter x 1
2. Protection Cap x 1
3. USB Cable x 1
4. Quick Installation Guide x 1
5. CD ROM (Driver + User Manual) x 1
~ 6 ~
4
1
1-5 Familiar with your new wireless network card
1. USB Connector
2. Connector Cap (To protect USB connector when not in use)
3. Link/Activity LED
2
LED Name Light
Link/
Activity
1
Status
On Linked to a wireless access point /
Description
Transferring data
3
Off No wireless activity
~ 7 ~
CHAPTER II: DRIVER INSTALLATION AND
CONFIGURATION
2-1 Network Card Installation
Please follow the following instructions to install your new wireless
network card:
1. Insert the USB wireless network card into an empty USB 2.0 port
of your computer when computer is switched on. Never use
force to insert the card, if you feel it’s stuck, flip the card over
and try again.
~ 8 ~
2. The following message will appear on your computer, click
‘cancel’.
3. Please insert the AUTORUN CD into your CD-ROM drive. The
CD should auto-start, displaying the following window. If it does
not start, click on Start-Run and type in CD: \autorun.exe
(where CD is the drive letter of your CD-ROM drive.) Click
"Driver Installation".
~ 9 ~
4. You can choose the configuration tool used to configure the
wireless network card here, or only install driver.
~ 10 ~
5. There are two configuration tool you can select here:
Ralink Configuration Tool or Microsoft Zero Configuration Tool
It’s recommended to select ‘Ralink Configuration Tool’, which
provides fully access to all function of this wireless network card.
If you prefer to use the wireless configuration tool provided by
Windows XP or Vista, please select ‘Microsoft Zero
Configuration Tool’, then click ‘Next’.
6. The following message will appear on your computer, click
‘install’.
~ 11 ~
7. Please wait while the install procedure is running. When you see
this message, please click ‘Finish’ to complete the driver
installation process.
A new icon will appear at lower-right corner of your computer
desktop, you can put the mouse cursor on the icon, and the
status of wireless card will be displayed as a popup balloon.
~ 12 ~
2-2 Ralink Utility and Windows Zero Configuration
Windows XP includes a wireless configuration utility named
"Windows Zero configuration" (WZC) which provides basic
configuration functions to the Ralink Wireless NIC. Ralink's utility
(RaUI) additionally provides WPA functionality. To make it easier
for the user to select the correct utility.
you can start config utility again by clicking ‘Ralink Wireless Utility’
icon from ‘Start’ -> ‘All Programs’ -> ‘Ralink Wireless’, as shown
below.
~ 13 ~
RaUI can co-exist with WZC. When coexisting with WZC, RaUI
only provides monitoring functions, such as surveying the link
status, network status, statistic counters, advanced feature status,
WMM status and WPS status. It won't interfere with
WZC's configuration or profile functions.
~ 14 ~
2-2-1 Using Ralink Utility
Please follow the following instructions to use Ralink configuration
utility to connect to wireless access point.
1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at
lower-right corner of computer desktop, then click ‘Launch
Config Utilities’.
2. Configuration utility will scan for all wireless access points
automatically. Scan results will be displayed here, please check
if the wireless access point with the SSID (the name of wireless
access point) you preferred is shown here.
If the wireless access point you wish to connect does not show
here, please click ‘Rescan’ to try again, until the one you
preferred is displayed. You may have to click ‘Rescan’ for more
than two times before you can see the access point you wish to
use here sometimes.
~ 15 ~
3. Select the SSID of the AP to be connected, press the “connect”.
4. The Ralink Utility, will detect the pattern of security encryption
requires a password, and click “OK”
to complete the set.
~ 16 ~
5. The Ralink Utility connection is successful.
6. You can save multiple profiles, and activate the correct one at
your preference.If you want to click new profile, then click ‘Add
to Profile’ button.
Here are descriptions of every setup items:
Profile Name: The user can chose any name for this profile, or
use the default name defined by system.
SSID: The user can key in the intended SSID name or select
one of the available APs from the drop-down list.
~ 17 ~
7. Now click ‘Auth. \ Encry.’ tab, and set the encryption and
authentication settings.
~ 18 ~
8. After you finish all settings, click ‘OK’ to save settings and exit.
The profile you just created will be displayed:
~ 19 ~
2-2-2 Using Windows Zero Configuration
Windows XP and Vista has a built-in wireless network configuration
utility, called as ‘Windows Zero Configuration’ (WZC). You can also
use WZC to configure your wireless network parameter:
1. Right-click Ralink configuration utility icon and select ‘Use Zero
Configuration as Configuration utility.
2. Click ‘Start’ button (should be located at the bottom-left corner of
windows desktop), click ‘Control Panel’, then click ‘Network and
Internet Connections’ in Control Panel.
~ 20 ~
3. Click ‘Connect to a network’ under ‘Network Connections’
4. Right-click ‘Wireless Network Connection’ (it may have a
number as suffix if you have more than one wireless network
card, please make sure you right-click the ‘Ralink 802.11n
Wireless LAN Card), then select ‘View Available Wireless
Networks’.
~ 21 ~
5. All wireless access points in proximity will be displayed here. If
the access point you want to use is not displayed here, please
try to move your computer closer to the access point, or you can
click ‘Refresh network list’ to rescan access points. Click the
access point you want to use if it’s shown, then click ‘Connect’.
6. If the access point is protected by encryption, you have to input
its security key or passphrase here. It must match the encryption
setting on the access point.
If the access point you selected does not use encryption, you’ll
not be prompted for security key or passphrase.
~ 22 ~
7. If you can see ‘Connected’ message, the connection between
your computer and wireless access point is successfully
established.
~ 23 ~
Chapter III: Ralink Wireless Utility
3-1 Profile
The Profile List keeps a record of your favorite wireless settings at
home, office, and other public hot-spots. You can save multiple
profiles, and activate the correct one at your preference.
Definition of each field:
Profile Name: Name of profile, preset to PROF* (* indicate 1, 2,
3...).
SSID: The access point or Ad-hoc name.
Network Type: Indicates the networks type, including infrastructure
and Ad-Hoc.
~ 24 ~
Authentication: Indicates the authentication mode used.
Encryption: Indicates the encryption Type used.
Use 802.1x: Shows if the 802.1x feature is used or not.
Tx Power: Transmitting power, the amount of power used by a
radio transceiver to send the signal out.
Cannel: Channel in use for Ad-Hoc mode.
Power Save Mode: Choose from CAM (Constantly Awake Mode) or
Power Saving Mode.
RTS Threshold: Users can adjust the RTS threshold number by
sliding the bar or keying in the value directly.
Fragment Threshold: The user can adjust the Fragment threshold
number by sliding the bar or key in the value directly.
Icons and buttons:
: Indicates if a connection made from the currently activated
profile.
: Indicates if the connection has failed on a currently activated
profile.
: Indicates the network type is infrastructure mode.
: Indicates the network type is in Ad-hoc mode.
~ 25 ~
: Indicates if the network is security-enabled.
: Shows information of the related status section.
: Hides information of the related status section.
: Click to add a new profile.
: Click to edit an existing profile.
: Deletes an existing profile.
: Activates the selected profile.
Add/Edit Profile:
There are three methods to open the Profile Editor dialog box.
1. You can open it by clicking the "Add to Profile" button in the
Network tab.
2. You can open it by clicking the "Add" button in the Profile tab.
3. You can open it by clicking the "Edit" button on the Profile tab.
~ 26 ~
Profile Name: The user can chose any name for this profile, or use
the default name defined by system.
SSID: The user can key in the intended SSID name or select one of
the available APs from the drop-down list.
Power Save Mode: Choose CAM (Constantly Awake Mode) or
Power Saving Mode.
Network Type: There are two types, infrastructure and 802.11
Ad-hoc mode. Under Ad-hoc mode, user can also choose the
preamble type. The available preamble type includes auto and long.
In addition, the channel field will be available for setup in Ad-hoc
mode.
RTS Threshold: User can adjust the RTS threshold number by
sliding the bar, or key in the value directly. The default value is
2347.
Fragment Threshold: User can adjust the Fragment threshold
number by sliding the bar or key in the value directly. The default
value is 2346.
Channel: Only available for setting under Ad-hoc mode. Users can
choose the channel frequency to start their Ad-hoc network.
~ 27 ~
Authentication Type: There are 7 type of authentication modes
supported by RaUI. They are open, Shared, LEAP, WPA and
WPA-PSK, WPA2 and WPA2-PSK.
Encryption Type: For open and shared authentication mode, the
selection of available encryption type are None and WEP. For WPA,
WPA2, WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK authentication mode, both TKIP
and AES encryption is available.
802.1x Setting: 802.1x is used for authentication of the "WPA" and
"WPA2" certificate by the server.
Pre-shared Key: This is the key shared between the AP and STA.
For WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK authentication mode, this field must
be filled with a key between 8 and 32 characters in length.
WEP Key: Only valid when using WEP encryption algorithms. The
key must be identical to the AP's key. There are several formats to
enter the keys.
1. Hexadecimal - 40bits : 10 Hex characters.
2. Hexadecimal - 128bits : 26 Hex characters.
3. ASCII - 40bits : 5 ASCII characters.
4. ASCII - 128bits : 13 ASCII characters.
~ 28 ~
3-2 Network
The system will display the information of local APs from the last
scan result as part of the Network section. The Listed information
includes the SSID, BSSID, Signal, Channel, Encryption algorithm,
Authentication and Network type.
Definition of each field :
SSID: Name of BSS or IBSS network.
Network Type: Network type in use, Infrastructure for BSS, Ad-Hoc
for IBSS network.
Channel: Channel in use.
Wireless Mode: AP support wireless mode. It may support 802.11a,
802.11b, 802.11g or 802.11n wireless mode.
Security-Enable: Indicates if the AP provides a security-enabled
wireless network.
Signal: Receive signal strength of the specified network.
~ 29 ~
Icons and buttons :
: Indicates that the connection is successful.
: Indicates the network type is in infrastructure mode.
: Indicates the network type is in Ad-hoc mode.
: Indicates that the wireless network is security-enabled.
: Indicates 802.11a wireless mode.
: Indicates 802.11b wireless mode.
: Indicates 802.11g wireless mode.
: Indicates 802.11n wireless mode.
: Indicates that the AP list is sorted by SSID, Channel or Signal.
update information on the surrounding wireless network.
: Button to connect to the selected network.
: Issues a rescan command to the wireless NIC to
~ 30 ~
bring up a profile page and save the user's setting to a new profile.
: Adds the selected AP to the Profile setting. It will
: Shows the Status Section.
: Hides the Status Section.
~ 31 ~
3-3. Advanced
Wireless mode: Select wireless mode. 2.4G, 5G and 2.4+5G are
supported.
Wireless Protection: Users can choose from Auto, On, and Off.
(This is not supported by 802.11n adapters.)
Auto: STA will dynamically change as AP announcement.
On: The frames are always sent with protection.
Off: The frames are always sent without protection.
TX Rate: Manually select the transfer rate. The default setting is
auto. (802.11n wireless cards do not allow the user to select the TX
Rate.)
Enable TCP Window Size: Optimise the TCP window size to allow
for greater throughput.
Fast Roaming at-: enables fast roaming, which is set by the
transmit power.
Select Your Country Region Code: There are eight countries to
choose from in the country channel list. (11A ListBox only shows for
5G adapter.)
Show Authentication Status Dialog: When you connect to an AP
with authentication, choose whether show the "Authentication
Status Dialog" or not. The Authentication Status Dialog displays the
processes during 802.1x authentication.
~ 33 ~
3-4. Statistics
The Statistics page displays detailed counter information based on
802.11 MIB counters. This page translates that MIB counters into a
Frames Received Successfully: The number of frames successfully
received.
Frames Received With CRC Error: The number of frames received
with a CRC error.
Frames Dropped Due To Out-of-Resource: The number of frames
dropped due to a resource issue.
~ 35 ~
Duplicate Frames Received: The number of duplicate frames
received.
Reset all the counters to zero.
~ 36 ~
3-5. WMM
The WMM involves "WMM Enable", "WMM - Power Save Enable"
and DLS setup. The introduction indicates as follow :
Direct Link Setup Enable : Enable DLS (Direct Link Setup).
WMM Enable : Enable Wi-Fi Multi-Media.
WMM - Power Save Enable : Enable WMM Power Save.
~ 37 ~
3-6. WPS
WPS Configuration: The primary goal of Wi-Fi Protected Setup
(Wi-Fi Simple Configuration) is to simplify the security setup and
management of Wi-Fi networks. Ralink STA supports the
configuration and setup using a PIN configuration method or a PBC
configuration method through an internal or external Registrar.
WPS AP List: Displays the information of the surrounding APs with
WPS IE from the last scan result. The detailed information includes
the SSID, BSSID, Channel, ID (Device Password ID),
Security-Enabled.
Rescan: Issues a rescan command to the wireless NIC to update
information on the surrounding wireless network.
~ 38 ~
Information: Displays the information about WPS IE on the selected
network. The detailed list includes the Authentication Type,
Encryption Type, Config Methods, Device Password ID, Selected
Registrar, State, Version, AP Setup Locked, UUID-E and RF
Bands.
PIN Code: The user is required to enter an 8-digit PIN Code into
Registrar. When an STA is the Enrollee, you can click "Renew" to
re-generate a new PIN Code.
Config Mode: The station serving as an Enrollee or an external
Registrar.
Table of Credentials: Displays all credentials obtained by the
Registrar. The detailed list includes information about the SSID,
MAC Address, Authentication and Encryption Type. If STA is the
Enrollee, the credentials are created immediately with each WPS
success. If STA is the Registrar, RaUI creates a new credential with
WPA2-PSK/AES/64Hex-Key and doesn't change this until
switching to STA Registrar.
Control items for credentials.
1. Detail: Command to obtain Information about Security and the
Key in the credential.
2. Connect: Command to connect to the selected network inside
credentials. The active selected credential is as like as the active
selected Profile.
3. Rotate: Command to rotate to connect to the next network inside
credentials.
4. Disconnect: Stops the WPS action and disconnects the active
link. It then selects the most recent profile on the Profile Page of
RaUI. If there are no profiles, the driver will select any
non-security AP.
~ 39 ~
5. Export Profile: Exports all credentials to a Profile.
6. Delete: Deletes an existing credential. And then selects the next
credential. If there is not another credential, the driver will select
any non-security AP.
PIN: Start to add to Registrar using PIN configuration method. If
STA Registrar, remember that enter PIN Code read from your
Enrollee before starting PIN.
PBC: Start to add to AP using PBC configuration method.
After the user clicks PIN or PBC, please do not rescan within
two-minutes of the connection. If you want to abort this setup within
the interval, restart PIN/PBC or click "Disconnect" to stop WPS
action.
WPS associate IE: Sends the association request with WPS IE
during the WPS setup. It is optional for STA.
WPS probe IE: Sends the probe request with WPS IE during WPS
setup. It is optional for STA.
Progress Bar: Displays the rate of progress from Start to
Connected.
Status Bar: Displays the current WPS Status.
Automatically select the AP: Starts to add to AP by using to select
the AP automatically in PIN method.
~ 40 ~
WPS Configuration
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is the latest wireless network
technology which makes wireless network setup become very
simple. If you have WPS-enabled wireless access point, and you
want to establish a secure connection to it, you don’t have to
configure the wireless access point and setup data encryption. All
you have to do is go to the WPS setup page of this wireless card,
click a button, and then press a specific button on the wireless
access point you wish to establish a secure connection - just three
simple steps!
For older wireless access points, it’s possible to perform a firmware
upgrade to become a WPS-enabled access point. Since they may
not have a hardware button to press for WPS setup, you can use
an alternative WPS setup method – input the pin code. Every
WPS-compatible wireless network card comes with a unique WPS
pin code; you can just input the code to wireless access point, and
the wireless access point and wireless network card will do the rest
for you.
This wireless network card is compatible with WPS. To use this
function, the wireless access point you wish to connect to must
support WPS function too. Now, please follow the following
instructions to establish secure connection between WPS-enabled
wireless access point and your wireless network card:
~ 41 ~
3-6-1 WPS Setup - PBC (Push-Button Configuration)
1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at
lower-right corner of computer desktop, then click ‘Launch
Config Utilities’.
2. Click ‘WPS’ tab, and the following settings will appear:
~ 42 ~
3. Set ‘Config Mode’ to ‘Enrollee’, and then push the ‘WPS’ button
on your wireless access point (the button used to activate WPS
standby mode may have another name), or use other way to
start WPS standby mode as the instruction given by your
wireless access point’s user manual.
4. Before you start to establish the wireless connection by using
WPS, you can click ‘Rescan’ button to search for WPS-enabled
access points near you, to make sure the WPS function of your
access point is activated.
All access points with WPS function enabled will be displayed.
Please make sure the access point you wish to connect is
displayed. If not, please click ‘Rescan’ few more times. You can
also click ‘Information’ button to see the detailed information about
selected access point.
~ 43 ~
5. Start PBC pairing procedure at access point side (please refer to
the instruction given by your access point’s manufacturer), then
click ‘PBC’ button in wireless configuration utility to start to
establish wireless connection by WPS. Please be patient (This
may require several seconds to one minute to complete). When
you see ‘WPS status is connected successfully’ message,
means the connection between your wireless network card and
access point is successfully connected by WPS, and the
information about access point you connected to will be
displayed.
Sometime WPS may fail, and you can click ‘PBC’ button few more
times to try again. When an access point is connected, you can
click ‘Disconnect’ to disconnect your wireless network card from a
connected access point, or select another WPS-enabled wireless
access point, then click ‘Connect’ to establish connection to
selected access point, if there are more than one WPS-enabled
~ 44 ~
access point found. You can also click ‘Rotate’ button, and next
access point on the list will be selected to establish connection.
If you want to delete a found access point from the list, select it and
click ‘Delete’ button.
~ 45 ~
3-6-2 WPS Setup - PIN
If the wireless access point you wish to connect supports PIN,
please follow the following instructions to establish connection to it:
1. Right-click the Ralink configuration utility icon located at
lower-right corner of computer desktop, then click ‘Launch
Config Utilities’.
2. Click ‘WPS’ tab, and the following settings will appear:
~ 46 ~
The PIN number of your wireless network card is an eight-digit
number located at the upper-right position of configuration utility.
Remember it, and input the number to your wireless access point
as the WPS PIN code (Please refer to the user manual of your
wireless access point for instructions about how to do this).
Note: The PIN code of every wireless network card is
DIFFERENT. Please don’t use the sample code shown
here.
3. Click ‘PIN’ button now, and wait for few seconds to one minute. If
a wireless access point with correct PIN code is found, you’ll be
connected to that access point:
You may have to click ‘PIN’ for few more times to try again. If you
still can not connect to access point by this way, please make
sure the PIN code you provided to access point is correct.
~ 47 ~
3-7. Radio on/off
Radio On: Click to turn the wireless radio ON.
Radio Off: Click to turn the wireless radio OFF.
~ 48 ~
3-8. About
The ‘About’ tab provides you the information about version
numbers of configuration utility, firmware, and other important
information about your wireless network card.
If you need assistance about network problem, you’ll need these
values. You can also click ‘WWW.RALINKTECH.COM’ button to go
to the web site of network card driver manufacturer and get more
information about your wireless network card.
Please click ‘OK’ to close configuration utility.
~ 49 ~
CHAPTER IV: Soft-AP Function
Excepting become a wireless client of other wireless access points,
this wireless card can act as a wireless service provider also! You
can switch this wireless card’s operating mode to ‘AP’ mode to
simulate the function of a real wireless access point by software,
and all other computers and wireless devices can connect to your
computer wirelessly, even share the internet connection you have!
Please follow the instructions in following chapters to use the AP
function of your wireless card.
~ 50 ~
4-1 Switch to AP Mode and Basic Configuration
The operating mode of the wireless card is ‘Station Mode’
(becoming a client of other wireless access points) by default. If you
want to switch to AP mode, please right-click Ralink utility icon, and
select ‘Switch to AP Mode’.
After you select ‘Switch to AP Mode’, the Ralink utility icon will
change:
Which indicated the wireless card is operating in AP mode now. If
you want to switch the wireless card back to station mode (become
a client of other wireless access points), click ‘Switch to Station
Mode’.
A configuration window will appear after you switch the operation
mode to ‘AP’ or click ‘Launch Config Utilities’ after you right-click
the Ralink configuration utility, which asks you to assign an existing
network card with internet connection:
~ 51 ~
If your computer has another network card which is connected to
Internet, please select it from ‘Name’ dropdown menu, and click
‘Enable ICS’; if your computer does not have another network card
with Internet connection, please click ‘Not enable ICS’.
After you click ‘Enable ICS’ or ‘Not enable ICS’, you’ll see the basic
configuration menu of the AP function:
~ 52 ~
Here are descriptions of every setup items:
SSID Please input the SSID (the name used to this
identify wireless access point) here. Up to 32 numerical
TX Rate Please select the data transfer rate here. The
characters can be accepted here, excepting
space.
maximum TX rate you can select here depends
on the wireless mode you’re using. It’s safe to
select ‘Auto’ to let wireless card select a proper
TX rate according to the strength and quality of
radio signal. When the wireless mode is set to
‘802.11 B/G/N Mix’, TX Rate will be set to ‘Auto’
and cannot be changed.
~ 53 ~
Channel Please select the wireless channel you wish to
Wireless Mode Please select the wireless operating mode. You
Use Mac Click this button to use the MAC address of the
Address wireless card as SSID. A prefix of ‘AP’ will be
Security Set the security options (wireless data
Setting encryption).
Country Available options are 0-7, which will affect the
Region Code available wireless channels you can use:
Wireless Wireless protection will prevent data collision
use. The number of channels available here will
vary depends on the setting of ‘Country Region
Code’.
can limit the type of wireless client to 802.11b or
802.11g only, or allow 802.11b/g, and
802.11b/g/n clients. It’s safe to select ‘802.11
B/G/N mix’ to allow all kinds of wireless client to
connect to your computer, unless you want to
limit the type of wireless client allowed to
connect to your computer.
added.
0: FCC (US, Canada, and other countries uses
FCC radio communication standards)
1: ETSI (Europe)
2: SPAIN
3: FRANCE
4: MKK
5: MKKI (TELEC)
6: ISERAL (Channel 3 to 9)
7: ISERAL (Channel 5 to 13)
The operating frequency channel will be
restricted to the country / region user located
before importing.
~ 54 ~
Protection when there are both 802.11b and 802.11g
Beacon(ms) You can define the time interval that a beacon
Idle Time Select the idle time of your wireless network
No forwarding Check this box and wireless clients will not be
among wireless able to share data with each other.
clients
Hide SSID Check this box and the SSID will not be
Allow BW Check this box to allow BW 40MHz capability.
40 MHz
Default Click this button to restore all settings in this
Apply Click this button to activate current settings.
To exit, click ‘X’ button at the upper-right corner of configuration
window.
clients. You can select ‘Auto’ to let configuration
utility to decide to use wireless protection or not.
You can also select ‘ON’ or ‘OFF’ to force the
use of wireless protection or not.
signal should be send. Default value is 100. Do
not modify this value unless you know what will
be affected.
card. Default value is 300. Do not modify this
value unless you know what will be affected.
broadcasted to the public. Your wireless clients
must know the exact SSID to be able to connect
to your computer.
This option is useful to enhance security level.
page back to default value.
~ 55 ~
4-2 Security Settings
This wireless card supports wireless encryption in AP mode, which
will encrypt the data being transferred over the air to enhance data
security level. It’s recommended to enable data encryption unless
you wish to open your computer (and its internet connection) to the
public.
When you click ‘Security Setting’ in Ralink configuration utility, the
following window will appear:
Here are descriptions of every setup items:
Authentication Please select a wireless authentication type you
Type wish to use. Available options are ‘Open’,
Encryption Please select an encryption mode. The
Available options in this setting item will vary depending
Type on the authentication type you select. If you
‘Shared’, ‘WPA-PSK’, ‘WPA2-PSK’, and
‘WPA-PSK / WPA2-PSK’. If you want to disable
wireless data encryption, you must select ‘Open’
or ‘Shared’.
select ‘Not Use’, data will not be encrypted and
people with some networking knowledge will be
able to read the data you transfer with proper
tool.
~ 56 ~
Note: WPA encryption is safer than WEP,
however, some older wireless clients don’t
WPA Pre-shared Please input the WPA pre-shared key here.
Key Only clients with the same pre-shared key you
Group Rekey You can specify the time interval to re-issue the
Interval key to your wireless clients here. You can click
Wep Key Please input the WEP encryption key here
#1 ~ #4 when you select ‘WEP’ as encryption type.
Show Password Check this box and the WPA pre-shared key or
support WPA encryption.
inputted here will be able to connect to your
computer. This setting is only available when
you select one of WPA encryptions.
the button ’10 seconds’ or ‘Kpackets’ to change
the unit of time interval. (every 10 seconds or a
thousand data packets times the value you
specified in ‘Group Rekey Interval’ field)
There are 2 types of WEP key: Hex (number 0
to 9, and ASCII characters A to F) and ASCII
(all alphanumerical characters plus symbols).
Please select the type of WEP key first, and
then input the WEP key according to the type of
WEP key you selected.
If you want to use WEP 64 bits encryption,
please input 10 characters if you select HEX, or
input 5 characters if you select ASCII; If you
want to use WEP 128bits encryption, please
input 26 characters if you select HEX, or input
13 characters if you select ASCII. 128 bits
encryption is safer then 64 bits, but the data
transfer speed will be slightly reduced.
WEP key you inputted will be shown, but not
~ 57 ~
OK Click this button to save changes you made in
Cancel Click this button to discard all changes you
replaced by asteri sk (*).
this page.
made in this window.
~ 58 ~
4-3 802.1x Setting
802.1x is used for authentication of the "WPA" and "WPA2"
transport securely authenticates data by using tunneling
between PEAP clients and an authentication server. PEAP can
authenticate wireless LAN clients using only server-side
certificates, thus simplifying the implementation and
administration of a secure wireless LAN.
TLS/Smart Card: Transport Layer Security. Provides for
certificate-based and mutual authentication of the client and the
network. It relies on client-side and server-side certificates to
perform authentication and can be used to dynamically
generate user-based and session-based WEP keys to secure
subsequent communications between the WLAN client and the
access point.
TTLS: Tunneled Transport Layer Security. This security
method provides for certificate-based, mutual authentication of
the client and network through an encrypted channel. Unlike
EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS requires only server-side certificates.
~ 59 ~
EAP-FAST: Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling. It
was developed by Cisco. Instead of using a certificate, mutual
authentication is achieved by means of a PAC (Protected
Access Credential) which can be managed dynamically by the
authentication server. The PAC can be supplied (distributed
one time) to the client either manually or automatically.
Manually, it is delivered to the client via disk or a secured
network distribution method. Automatically, it is supplied as an
in-band, over the air, distribution. For tunnel authentication,
only support "Generic Token Card" authentication.
LEAP: Light Extensible Authentication Protocol is an EAP
authentication type used primarily by Cisco Aironet WLANs. It
encrypts data transmissions using dynamically generated WEP
keys, and supports mutual authentication.
MD5-Challenge: Message Digest Challenge. Challenge is an
EAP authentication type that provides base-level EAP support.
It provides for only one-way authentication - there is no mutual
authentication of wireless client and the network.
Session Resumption: The user can choose "Disable" and "Enable".
Tunnel Authentication:
Protocol: Tunnel protocol, List information include
Authentication ID/Password: The identity, password and
domain name for server. Only "EAP-FAST" and "LEAP"
authentication can key in domain name. Domain names can be
keyed in the blank space.
Tunnel ID/Password: Identity and Password for the server.
Client Certification:
Use Client certificate: Client certificate for server authentication.
EAP Fast
~ 61 ~
Allow unauthenticated provision mode: During the PAC can be
provisioned (distributed one time) to the client automatically. It
only supported "Allow unauthenticated provision mode" and
use "EAP-MSCHAP v2" authentication to authenticate now. It
causes to continue with the establishment of the inner tunnel
even though it is made with an unknown server.
Use protected authentication credential: Using PAC, the
certificate can be provided to the client manually via disk or a
secured network distribution method.
Server Certification:
Certificate issuer: Select the server that issues the certificate.
Allow intermediate certificates: It must be in the server
certificate chain between the server certificate and the server
specified in the "certificate issuer must be" field.
Server name: Enter an authentication sever root.
~ 62 ~
4-4 Access Control
If you’re not going to open your computer and wireless resources to
the public, you can use MAC address filtering function to enforce
your access control policy, so only wireless clients with MAC
address you defined by this function can be connected to your
software access point.
Please follow the following instructions to set access control based
on MAC address:
2. Click ‘Mac Table’ tab, and a list containing all connected wireless
clients will appear:
~ 65 ~
Here are descriptions of every fields:
MAC Address Displays the MAC address of this wireless
client.
AID The serial number of this wireless connection.
Power Saving Displays the capability of power-saving function
Mode of this wireless client.
Status Displays additional information of this wireless
mode Connection, like current wireless operating and
data transfer rate.
~ 66 ~
4-6 Event Log
This software access point will log all wireless-related activities as a
log. You can follow the following instructions to view the content of
the event log:
2. Click ‘Event Log’ tab, and the event log will be displayed:
You can click ‘Clear’ to remove all entries in the log.
~ 67 ~
4-7 Statistics
If you want to know detailed information about how your software
access point works, you can follow the following instructions to view
the statistics of the access point:
2. Click ‘Statistics’ tab, and the event log will be displayed:
You can click ‘RESET COUNTERS’ button to reset all counters to
zero.
~ 68 ~
CHAPTER IIV: APPENDIX
5-1 Hardware Specification
Standards: IEEE 802.11n/g/b
Interface: USB 2.0 (USB 1.1 Compatible)
Frequency Band: 2.4000 ~ 2.4835GHz (Industrial Scientific
Medical Band)
Data Rate: 11b: 1/2/5.5/11Mbps
Securities: WEP 64/128, WPA, WPA2, Cisco CCX Support
Antenna: Internal 2 Antennas with Two TX and Two RX
Drivers: Windows 2000/XP/2003/Vista Server/7
LEDs: Link/Activity
Temperature: 32~131°F (0 ~ 55°C)
Humidity: 10-95% (NonCondensing)
Certification: FCC, CE
11g: 6/9/12/24/36/48/54Mbps
11n (20MHz): MCS0-15, 32 with Half Guard Interval
Support (up to 144Mbps)
11n (40MHz): MCS0-15, 32 with Half Guard Interval
Support (up to 300Mbps)
~ 69 ~
5-2 Troubleshooting
If you encounter any problem when you’re using this wireless
network card, don’t panic! Before you call your dealer of purchase
for help, please check this troubleshooting table, the solution of
your problem could be very simple, and you can solve the problem
by yourself!
Scenario Solution
I can’t find any
wireless access
point / wireless
device in ‘Site
Survey’ function.
Nothing happens
when I click ‘Launch
config utilities’
1. Click ‘Rescan’ for few more times and see
if you can find any wireless access point
or wireless device.
2. Please move closer to any known wireless
access point.
3. ‘Ad hoc’ function must be enabled for the
wireless device you wish to establish a
direct wireless link.
4. Please adjust the position of network card
(you may have to move your computer if
you’re using a notebook computer) and
click ‘Rescan’ button for few more times. If
you can find the wireless access point or
wireless device you want to connect by
doing this, try to move closer to the place
where the wireless access point or
wireless device is located.
1. Please make sure the wireless network
card is inserted into your computer’s USB
port. If the Ralink configuration utility’s
icon is black, the network card is not
detected by your computer.
2. Reboot the computer and try again.
3. Remove the card and insert it into another
USB port.
4. Remove the driver and re-install.
5. Contact the dealer of purchase for help.
~ 70 ~
I can not establish
connection with a
certain wireless
access point
The network is slow
/ having problem
when transferring
large files
1. Click ‘Connect’ for few more times.
2. If the SSID of access point you wish to
connect is hidden (nothing displayed in
‘SSID’ field in ‘Site Survey’ function), you
have to input correct SSID of the access
point you wish to connect. Please contact
the owner of access point to ask for
correct SSID.
3. You have to input correct passphrase /
security key to connect an access point
with encryption. Please contact the owner
of access point to ask for correct
passphrase / security key.
4. The access point you wish to connect only
allows network cards with specific MAC
address to establish connection. Please go
to ‘About’ tab and write the value of
‘Phy_Addess’ down, then present this
value to the owner of access point so he /
she can add the MAC address of your
network card to his / her access point’s list.
1. Move closer to the place where access
point is located.
2. Enable ‘Wireless Protection’ in ‘Advanced’
tab.
3. Try a lower TX Rate in ‘Advanced’ tab.
4. Disable ‘Tx Burst’ in ‘Advanced’ tab.
5. Enable ‘WMM’ in ‘QoS’ tab if you need to
use multimedia / telephony related
applications.
6. Disable ‘WMM – Power Save Enable’ in
‘QoS’ tab.
7. There could be too much people using the
same radio channel. Ask the owner of the
access point to change the channel
number.
Please try one or more solutions listed
above.
~ 71 ~
5-3 Glossary
1. What is the IEEE 802.11g standard?
802.11g is the new IEEE standard for high-speed wireless LAN
communications that provides for up to 54 Mbps data rate in
the 2.4 GHz band. 802.11g is quickly becoming the next
mainstream wireless LAN technology for the home, office and
public networks.
802.11g defines the use of the same OFDM modulation
technique specified in IEEE 802.11a for the 5 GHz frequency
band and applies it in the same 2.4 GHz frequency band as
IEEE 802.11b. The 802.11g standard requires backward
compatibility with 802.11b.
The standard specifically calls for:
A. A new physical layer for the 802.11 Medium Access Control
(MAC) in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, known as the
extended rate PHY (ERP). The ERP adds OFDM as a
mandatory new coding scheme for 6, 12 and 24 Mbps
(mandatory speeds), and 18, 36, 48 and 54 Mbps (optional
speeds). The ERP includes the modulation schemes found
in 802.11b including CCK for 11 and 5.5 Mbps and Barker
code modulation for 2 and 1 Mbps.
B. A protection mechanism called RTS/CTS that governs how
802.11g devices and 802.11b devices interoperate.
2. What is the IEEE 802.11b standard?
The IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN standard subcommittee,
which formulates the standard for the industry. The objective is
to enable wireless LAN hardware from different manufactures
to communicate.
~ 72 ~
3. What does IEEE 802.11 feature support?
The product supports the following IEEE 802.11 functions:
CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge Protocol
Multi-Channel Roaming
Automatic Rate Selection
RTS/CTS Featu re
Fragmentation
Power Management
4. What is Ad-hoc?
An Ad-hoc integrated wireless LAN is a group of computers,
each has a Wireless LAN card, Connected as an independent
wireless LAN. Ad hoc wireless LAN is applicable at a
departmental scale for a branch or SOHO operation.
5. What is Infrastructure?
An integrated wireless and wireless and wired LAN is called an
Infrastructure configuration. Infrastructure is applicable to
enterprise scale for wireless access to central database, or
wireless application for mobile workers.
6. What is BSS ID?
A specific Ad hoc LAN is called a Basic Service Set (BSS).
Computers in a BSS must be configured with the same BSS
ID.
7. What is WEP?
WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanism
based on a 40 bit shared key algorithm, as described in the
IEEE 802 .11 standard.
8. What is TKIP?
TKIP is a quick-fix method to quickly overcome the inherent
weaknesses in WEP security, especially the reuse of
encryption keys. TKIP is involved in the IEEE 802.11i WLAN
security standard, and the specification might be officially
released by early 2003.
~ 73 ~
9. What is AES?
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), a chip-based security,
has been developed to ensure the highest degree of security
and authenticity for digital information, wherever and however
communicated or stored, while making more efficient use of
hardware and/or software than previous encryption standards.
It is also included in IEEE 802.11i standard. Compare with AES,
TKIP is a temporary protocol for replacing WEP security until
manufacturers implement AES at the hardware level.
10. Can Wireless products support printer sharing?
Wireless products perform the same function as LAN products.
Therefore, Wireless products can work with Netware, Windows
2000, or other LAN operating systems to support printer or file
sharing.
11. Would the information be intercepted while transmitting
on air?
WLAN features two-fold protection in security. On the
hardware side, as with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
technology, it has the inherent security feature of scrambling.
On the software side, WLAN series offer the encryption
function (WEP) to enhance security and Access Control. Users
can set it up depending upon their needs.
12. What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their
differences?
Frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS) uses a
narrowband carrier that changes frequency in a pattern that is
known to both transmitter and receiver. Properly synchronized,
the net effect is to maintain a single logical channel. To an
unintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration
impulse noise. Direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS)
generates a redundant bit pattern for each bit to be transmitted.
This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). The longer
the chip is, the greater the probability that the original data can
be recovered. Even if one or more bits in the chip are
~ 74 ~
damaged during transmission, statistical techniques
embedded in the radio can recover the original data
without-the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver,
DSSS appears as low power wideband noise and is rejected
(ignored) by most narrowband receivers.
13. What is Spread Spectrum?
Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency
technique developed by the military for use in reliable, secure,
mission-critical communication systems. It is designed to trade
off bandwidth efficiency for reliability, integrity, and security. In
other words, more bandwidth is consumed than in the case of
narrowband transmission, but the trade off produces a signal
that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that
the receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum
signal being broadcast. If a receiver is not tuned to the right
frequency, a spread –spectrum signal looks like background
noise. There are two main alternatives, Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping Spread
Spectrum (FHSS).
14. What is WMM?
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM), a group of features for wireless
networks that improve the user experience for audio, video
and voice applications. WMM is based on a subset of the IEEE
802.11e WLAN QoS draft standard. WMM adds prioritized
capabilities to Wi-Fi networks and optimizes their performance
when multiple concurring applications, each with different
latency and throughput requirements, compete for network
resources. By using WMM, end-user satisfaction is maintained
in a wider variety of environments and traffic conditions. WMM
makes it possible for home network users and enterprise
network managers to decide which data streams are most
important and assign them a higher traffic priority.
15. What is WMM Power Save?
WMM Power Save is a set of features for Wi-Fi networks that
increase the efficiency and flexibility of data transmission in
~ 75 ~
order to conserve power. WMM Power Save has been
optimized for mobile devices running latency-sensitive
applications such as voice, audio, or video, but can benefit any
Wi-Fi device. WMM Power Save uses mechanisms included in
the IEEE 802.11e standard and is an enhancement of IEEE
802.11 legacy power save. With WMM Power Save, the same
amount of data can be transmitted in a shorter time while
allowing the Wi-Fi device to remain longer in a low-power
“dozing” state.
16. What is GI?
GI stands for Guard Interval. It’s a measure to protect wireless
devices from cross- interference. If there are two wireless
devices using the same or near channel, and they are close
enough, radio interference will occur and reduce the radio
resource usability.
17. What is STBC?
STBC stands for Space-Time Block Coding, which is a
technique used to transfer multiple copies of data by multiple
antenna, to improve data transfer performance. By using
multiple antennas, not only data transfer rate is improved, but
also the wireless stability.
18. What is WPS?
WPS stands for Wi-Fi Protected Setup. It provides a simple
way to establish unencrypted or encrypted connections
between wireless clients and access point automatically. User
can press a software or hardware button to activate WPS
function, and WPS-compatible wireless clients and access
point will establish connection by themselves. There are two
types of WPS: PBC (Push-Button Configuration) and PIN
code.
~ 76 ~
5-4 FCC and Other Compliance Statements
Federal Communication Commission
Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is
no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning
the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct
the interference by one or more of the following measures:
1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
2. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
3. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.
4. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio technician for help.
FCC Caution
This device and its antenna must not be co-located or operating in
conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not
cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance could void the authority to operate
equipment.
~ 77 ~
Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Radiation
Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure set forth for
an uncontrolled environment. In order to avoid the possibility of
exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure limits, human
proximity to the antenna shall not be less than 20cm (8 inches)
during normal operation.
The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must not be co-located or
operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
R&TTE Compliance Statement
This equipment complies with all the requirements of DIRECTIVE
1999/5/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE
COUNCIL of March 9, 1999 on radio equipment and
telecommunication terminal Equipment and the mutual recognition
of their conformity (R&TTE)
The R&TTE Directive repeals and replaces in the directive
98/13/EEC (Telecommunications Terminal Equipment and Satellite
Earth Station Equipment) As of April 8, 2000.
Safety
This equipment is designed with the utmost care for the safety of
those who install and use it. However, special attention must be
paid to the dangers of electric shock and static electricity when
working with electrical equipment. All guidelines of this and of the
computer manufacture must therefore be allowed at all times to
ensure the safe use of the equipment.
EU Countries Intended for Use
The ETSI version of this device is intended for home and office use
in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
The ETSI version of this device is also authorized for use in EFTA
member states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.
~ 78 ~
EU Countries Not intended for use
None.
CE Declaration:
This device corresponds to EU directive 1995/5EC: With the CE sign
Logilink®, a registered trademark of the 2direct GmbH ensures, that the
product is conformed to the basic standards and directives. These standards
can be requested online on www.logilink.com. All trademarks and registered
brands are the property of their respective owners.
~ 79 ~
Loading...
+ hidden pages
You need points to download manuals.
1 point = 1 manual.
You can buy points or you can get point for every manual you upload.