Operates with Internal 15ppm/°C Reference
or External Reference
■
True Differential Inputs Reject Common Mode Noise
■
5MHz Full Power Bandwidth
■
±2.5V Bipolar Input Range
■
Pin Compatible with LTC1604 and LTC1608
■
36-Pin SSOP Package
U
APPLICATIO S
■
Telecommunications
■
Digital Signal Processing
■
Multiplexed Data Acquisition Systems
■
High Speed Data Acquisition
■
Spectrum Analysis
■
Imaging Systems
The LTC®1603 is a 250ksps, 16-bit sampling A/D converter that draws only 220mW from ±5V supplies. This
high performance device includes a high dynamic range
sample-and-hold, a precision reference and a high speed
parallel output. Two digitally selectable power shutdown
modes provide power savings for low power systems.
The LTC1603’s full-scale input range is ±2.5V. Outstanding AC performance includes 90dB S/(N+D) and –100dB
THD at a sample rate of 250ksps.
The unique differential input sample-and-hold can acquire
single-ended or differential input signals up to its 15MHz
bandwidth. The 68dB common mode rejection allows
users to eliminate ground loops and common mode noise
by measuring signals differentially from the source.
The ADC has µP compatible,16-bit parallel output port.
There is no pipeline delay in conversion results. A separate
convert start input and a data ready signal (BUSY) ease
connections to FlFOs, DSPs and microprocessors.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
+
47µF
DIFFERENTIAL
ANALOG INPUT
±2.5V
REFCOMP
4
1
A
2
A
U
IN
IN
3
V
+
–
2.2µF
REF
4.375V
1.75X
+
SAMPLING
–
AGND
10µF
16-BIT
ADC
5
+
36
AV
DDAVDD
AGND
6
10Ω
7.5k
AGND
10µF
5V
++
35
2.5V
REF
B15 TO B0
AGND
8
7
V
–5V
5V
SS
34
10µF
10
9
DVDDDGND
CONTROL
LOGIC
AND
TIMING
OUTPUT
BUFFERS
10µF
+
SHDN
CONVST
BUSY
OV
OGND
D15 TO D0
CS
RD
DD
33
32
31
30
27
29
28
16-BIT
PARALLEL
BUS
11 TO 26
1603 TA01
µP
CONTROL
LINES
+
10µF
5V OR
3V
1603f
1
LTC1603
WW
W
U
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
AVDD = DVDD = OVDD = V
Supply Voltage (VDD)................................................ 6V
Negative Supply Voltage (VSS) ............................... – 6V
Total Supply Voltage (VDD to VSS) .......................... 12V
Analog Input Voltage
(Note 3) .........................(VSS – 0.3V) to (VDD + 0.3V)
V
Voltage (Note 4) ................. –0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
REF
REFCOMP Voltage (Note 4) .........–0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Digital Input Voltage (Note 4) ....................–0.3V to 10V
Digital Output Voltage.................. –0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Power Dissipation............................................. 500mW
Operating Temperature Range
LTC1603C .............................................. 0°C to 70°C
LTC1603I............................................ –40°C to 85°C
Storage Temperature Range ................ –65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)................. 300°C
(Notes 1, 2)
DD
U
W
U
PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION
TOP VIEW
+
A
A
V
REF
REFCOMP
AGND
AGND
AGND
AGND
DV
DGND
D15 (MSB)
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
1
IN
–
2
IN
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
DD
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
D9
18
D8
36-LEAD PLASTIC SSOP
T
JMAX
G PACKAGE
= 125°C, θJA = 95°C/W
36
AV
DD
35
AV
DD
34
V
SS
33
SHDN
32
CS
31
CONV
30
RD
29
OV
DD
28
OGND
27
BUSY
26
D0
25
D1
24
D2
23
D3
22
D4
21
D5
20
D6
19
D7
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
ORDER
PART NUMBER
LTC1603CG
LTC1603IG
U
CO
VERTER
CCHARA TERIST
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. With Internal Reference (Notes 5, 6)
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
Resolution (No Missing Codes)●1616Bits
Integral Linearity Error(Note 7)●±1±3LSB
Transition Noise(Note 8)0.7LSB
Offset Error(Note 9)●±0.05±0.125%
Offset Tempco(Note 9)0.5ppm/°C
Full-Scale ErrorInternal Reference±0.125±0.25%
Full-Scale TempcoI
A
U
LOG
IA
U
PUT
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise
specifications are at TA = 25°C.
SYMBOL PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
V
IN
I
IN
C
IN
t
ACQ
t
AP
t
jitter
CMRRAnalog Input Common Mode Rejection Ratio–2.5V < (A
Analog Input Range (Note 2)4.75 ≤ VDD ≤ 5.25V, –5.25 ≤ VSS ≤ –4.75V,±2.5V
Analog Input Leakage CurrentCS = High●±1µA
Analog Input CapacitanceBetween Conversions43pF
Up to 5th Harmonic100kHz Input Signal
SFDRSpurious Free Dynamic Range100kHz Input Signal96dB
IMDIntermodulation Distortionf
Full Power Bandwidth5MHz
Full Linear Bandwidth (S/(N + D) ≥ 84dB350kHz
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range,
100kHz Input Signal90dB
100kHz Input Signal (Note 10)
= 29.37kHz, f
IN1
= 32.446kHz–88dB
IN2
●8489dB
●–94–88dB
UUU
I TER AL REFERE CE CHARACTERISTICS
PARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
V
Output VoltageI
REF
V
Output TempcoI
REF
V
Line Regulation4.75 ≤ VDD ≤ 5.25V0.01LSB/V
REF
V
Output Resistance0 ≤ I
REF
REFCOMP Output VoltageI
= 02.4752.5002.515V
OUT
= 0±15ppm/°C
OUT
–5.25V ≤ V
= 04.375V
OUT
≤ –4.75V0.01LSB/V
SS
≤ 1mA7.5kΩ
OUT
(Note 5)
UU
DIGITAL I PUTS A D DIGITAL OUTPUTS
full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5)
SYMBOLPARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
V
IH
V
IL
I
IN
C
IN
V
OH
V
OL
I
OZ
C
OZ
I
SOURCE
I
SINK
High Level Input VoltageVDD = 5.25V●2.4V
Low Level Input VoltageVDD = 4.75V●0.8V
Digital Input CurrentVIN = 0V to V
Digital Input Capacitance5pF
High Level Output VoltageVDD = 4.75V, I
= 4.75V, I
V
DD
Low Level Output VoltageVDD = 4.75V, I
V
= 4.75V, I
DD
Hi-Z Output Leakage D15 to D0V
Hi-Z Output Capacitance D15 to D0CS High (Note 11)●15pF
Output Source CurrentV
Output Sink CurrentV
OUT
OUT
OUT
DD
OUT
OUT
OUT
OUT
= 0V to VDD, CS High●±10µA
= 0V–1 0mA
= V
DD
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the
●±10µA
= –10µA4.5V
= –400µA●4.0V
= 160µA0.05V
= 1.6mA●0.100.4V
10mA
1603f
3
LTC1603
WU
POWER REQUIRE E TS
range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5)
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature
UW
TI I G CHARACTERISTICS
range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5)
SYMBOLPARAMETERCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
f
SMPL(MAX)
t
CONV
t
ACQ
t
ACQ+CONV
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
5
t
6
t
7
t
8
t
9
t
10
t
11
t
12
t
13
t
14
Maximum Sampling Frequency●250kHz
Conversion Time●2.23.33.8µs
Acquisition Time(Note 11)●480ns
Throughput Time (Acquisition + Conversion)●4µs
CS to RD Setup Time(Notes 11, 12)●0ns
CS↓ to CONVST↓ Setup Time(Notes 11, 12)●10ns
SHDN↓ to CS↑ Setup Time(Notes 11, 12)●10ns
SHDN↑ to CONVST↓ Wake-Up TimeCS = Low (Note 12)400ns
CONVST Low Time(Note 12)●40ns
CONVST to BUSY DelayCL = 25pF36ns
Data Ready Before BUSY↑60ns
Delay Between Conversions(Note 12)●200ns
Wait Time RD↓ After BUSY↑(Note 12)●–5ns
Data Access Time After RD↓CL = 25pF4050ns
Bus Relinquish Time5060ns
RD Low Time(Note 12)●t
CONVST High Time(Note 12)●40ns
Aperture Delay of Sample-and-Hold2ns
The ● denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature
●80ns
●32ns
●60ns
CL = 100pF4560ns
●75ns
LTC1603C
LTC1603I
●70ns
●75ns
10
ns
4
1603f
UW
TI I G CHARACTERISTICS
LTC1603
(Note 5)
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life
of a device may be impaired.
Note 2: All voltage values are with respect to ground with DGND, OGND
and AGND wired together unless otherwise noted.
Note 3: When these pin voltages are taken below V
or above VDD, they
SS
will be clamped by internal diodes. This product can handle input currents
greater than 100mA below VSS or above VDD without latchup.
Note 4: When these pin voltages are taken below V
, they will be clamped
SS
by internal diodes. This product can handle input currents greater than
100mA below V
Note 5: V
without latchup. These pins are not clamped to VDD.
SS
= 5V, VSS = –5V, f
DD
= 250kHz, and tr = tf = 5ns unless
SMPL
otherwise specified.
Note 6: Linearity, offset and full-scale specification apply for a single-
ended A
+
input with A
IN
–
grounded.
IN
Note 8: Typical RMS noise at the code transitions. See Figure 17 for
histogram.
Note 9: Bipolar offset is the offset voltage measured from –0.5LSB when
the output code flickers between 0000 0000 0000 0000 and 1111 1111
1111 1111.
Note 10: Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is measured at 5kHz and distortion
is measured at 100kHz. These results are used to calculate Signal-to-Nosie
Plus Distortion (SINAD).
Note 11: Guaranteed by design, not subject to test.
Note 12: Recommended operating conditions.
Note 13: The falling CONVST edge starts a conversion. If CONVST returns
high at a critical point during the conversion it can create small errors. For
best performance ensure that CONVST returns high either within 250ns
after conversion start or after BUSY rises.
Note 7: Integral nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of a code from a
straight line passing through the actual endpoints of the transfer curve.
The deviation is measured from the center of the quantization band.
UW
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Integral Nonlinearity vs
Output Code
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
INL (LSB)
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
–2.0
–32768–1638401638432767
CODE
1603 G11
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
–0.2
DNL (LSB)
–0.4
–0.6
–0.8
–1.0
–32768–163841638432767
Differential Nonlinearity vs
Output Code
0
CODE
1603 G10
1603f
5
LTC1603
UUU
PIN FUNCTIONS
+
A
(Pin 1): Positive Analog Input. The ADC converts the
IN
difference voltage between A
tial range of ±2.5V. A
–
A
is grounded.
IN
–
A
(Pin 2): Negative Analog Input. Can be grounded, tied
IN
IN
to a DC voltage or driven differentially with A
V
(Pin 3): 2.5V Reference Output. Bypass to AGND with
REF
2.2µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF ceramic.REFCOMP (Pin 4): 4.375V Reference Compensation Pin.
Bypass to AGND with 47µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF
ceramic.
AGND (Pins 5 to 8): Analog Grounds. Tie to analog ground
plane.
DVDD (Pin 9): 5V Digital Power Supply. Bypass to DGND
with 10µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF ceramic.
DGND (Pin 10): Digital Ground for Internal Logic. Tie to
analog ground plane.
D15 to D0 (Pins 11 to 26): Three-State Data Outputs. D15
is the Most Significant Bit.
BUSY (Pin 27): The BUSY output shows the converter
status. It is low when a conversion is in progress. Data is
valid on the rising edge of BUSY.
+
and A
IN
+
has a ±2.5V input range when
–
with a differen-
IN
+
.
IN
OGND (Pin 28): Digital Ground for Output Drivers.
OVDD (Pin 29): Digital Power Supply for Output Drivers.
Bypass to OGND with 10µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF
ceramic.
RD (Pin 30): Read Input. A logic low enables the output
drivers when CS is low.
CONVST (Pin 31): Conversion Start Signal. This active
low signal starts a conversion on its falling edge when CS
is low.
CS (Pin 32): The Chip Select Input. Must be low for the
ADC to recognize CONVST and RD inputs.
SHDN (Pin 33): Power Shutdown. Drive this pin low with
CS low for nap mode. Drive this pin low with CS high for
sleep mode.
VSS (Pin 34): –5V Negative Supply. Bypass to AGND with
10µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF ceramic.
AVDD (Pin 35): 5V Analog Power Supply. Bypass to AGND
with 10µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF ceramic.
AVDD (Pin 36): 5V Analog Power Supply. Bypass to AGND
with 10µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF ceramic and
connect this pin to Pin 35 with a 10Ω resistor.
6
1603f
LTC1603
UU
FU CTIO AL BLOCK DIAGRA
1.75X
+
SAMPLING
–
AGND
10µF
16-BIT
ADC
AGND
5
47µF
DIFFERENTIAL
ANALOG INPUT
±2.5V
2.2µF
3
V
REF
REFCOMP
4
+
4.375V
+
A
1
IN
–
A
2
IN
W
+
AV
V
–5V
SS
34
10µF
5V
9
DV
DD
CONTROL
LOGIC
AND
TIMING
OUTPUT
BUFFERS
+
10µF
10
DGND
D15 TO D0
SHDN
CONVST
RD
BUSY
OV
OGND
CS
DD
33
32
31
30
27
29
28
16-BIT
PARALLEL
BUS
11 TO 26
1603 TA01
µP
CONTROL
LINES
5V OR
+
3V
10µF
10µF
5V
10Ω
AV
7.5k
AGND
35
DD
B15 TO B0
7
++
2.5V
REF
AGND
8
36
DD
6
TEST CIRCUITS
Load Circuits for Access Timing
1k
(A) Hi-Z TO VOH AND VOL TO V
C
Load Circuits for Output Float Delay
5V
1k
DNDN
L
(B) Hi-Z TO VOL AND VOH TO V
OH
C
L
OL
1603 TC01
1k
(A) VOH TO Hi-Z
C
L
5V
DNDN
(B) VOL TO Hi-Z
1k
C
1603 TC02
L
1603f
7
LTC1603
U
WUU
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
CONVERSION DETAILS
The LTC1603 uses a successive approximation algorithm
and internal sample-and-hold circuit to convert an analog
signal to a 16-bit parallel output. The ADC is complete with
a sample-and-hold, a precision reference and an internal
clock. The control logic provides easy interface to microprocessors and DSPs. (Please refer to the Digital Interface
section for the data format.)
Conversion start is controlled by the CS and CONVST
inputs. At the start of the conversion the successive
approximation register (SAR) resets. Once a conversion
cycle has begun it cannot be restarted.
During the conversion, the internal differential 16-bit
capacitive DAC output is sequenced by the SAR from the
Most Significant Bit (MSB) to the Least Significant Bit
(LSB). Referring to Figure 1, the A
acquired during the acquire phase and the comparator
offset is nulled by the zeroing switches. In this acquire
phase, a duration of 480ns will provide enough time for the
sample-and-hold capacitors to acquire the analog signal.
During the convert phase the comparator zeroing switches
open, putting the comparator into compare mode. The
input switches connect the C
transferring the differential analog input charge onto the
+
and A
IN
capacitors to ground,
SMPL
IN
–
inputs are
summing junctions. This input charge is successively
compared with the binary-weighted charges supplied by
the differential capacitive DAC. Bit decisions are made by
the high speed comparator. At the end of a conversion, the
differential DAC output balances the A
IN
+
and A
IN
–
input
charges. The SAR contents (a 16-bit data word) which
represent the difference of A
IN
+
and A
–
are loaded into
IN
the 16-bit output latches.
DIGITAL INTERFACE
The A/D converter is designed to interface with microprocessors as a memory mapped device. The CS and RD
control inputs are common to all peripheral memory
interfacing. A separate CONVST is used to initiate a conversion.
Internal Clock
The A/D converter has an internal clock that runs the A/D
conversion. The internal clock is factory trimmed to achieve
a typical conversion time of 3.3µs and a maximum conver-
sion time of 3.8µs over the full temperature range. No
external adjustments are required. The guaranteed maximum acquisition time is 480ns. In addition, a throughput
time (acquisition + conversion) of 4µs and a minimum
sampling rate of 250ksps are guaranteed.
A
IN
A
IN
8
C
HOLD
HOLD
–V
DAC
C
+C
–C
SMPL
SMPL
DAC
DAC
ZEROING SWITCHES
HOLD
HOLD
+
COMP
–
16
SAR
OUTPUT
LATCHES
D15
•
•
•
D0
1603 F01
SAMPLE
+
SAMPLE
–
+V
DAC
Figure 1. Simplified Block Diagram
3V Input/Output Compatible
The LTC1603 operates on ±5V supplies, which makes the
device easy to interface to 5V digital systems. This device
can also talk to 3V digital systems: the digital input pins
(SHDN, CS, CONVST and RD) of the LTC1603 recognize
3V or 5V inputs. The LTC1603 has a dedicated output
supply pin (OVDD) that controls the output swings of the
digital output pins (D0 to D15, BUSY) and allows the part
to talk to either 3V or 5V digital systems. The output is
two’s complement binary.
Power Shutdown
The LTC1603 provides two power shutdown modes, Nap
and Sleep, to save power during inactive periods. The Nap
mode reduces the power by 95% and leaves only the
digital logic and reference powered up. The wake-up time
from Nap to active is 200ns. In Sleep mode all bias
1603f
LTC1603
U
WUU
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
SHDN
t
3
CS
Figure 2a. Nap Mode to Sleep Mode Timing
SHDN
t
4
CONVST
Figure 2b. SHDN to CONVST Wake-Up Timing
CS
t
2
CONVST
t
1
RD
Figure 3. CS to CONVST Setup Timing
4
3
2
CHANGE IN DNL (LSB)
1
0
0
5001000
Figure 4. Change in DNL vs CONVST Low Time. Be Sure the
CONVST Pulse Returns High Early in the Conversion or After
the End of Conversion
t
CONV
CONVST LOW TIME, t
20001500
25003000
5
(ns)
1603 F02a
1603 F02b
1603 F03
t
ACQ
35004000
1603 F04
currents are shut down and only leakage current remains
(about 1µA). Wake-up time from Sleep mode is much
slower since the reference circuit must power up and
settle. Sleep mode wake-up time is dependent on the value
of the capacitor connected to the REFCOMP (Pin 4). The
wake-up time is 160ms with the recommended 47µF
capacitor.
Shutdown is controlled by Pin 33 (SHDN). The ADC is in
shutdown when SHDN is low. The shutdown mode is
selected with Pin 32 (CS). When SHDN is low, CS low
selects nap and CS high selects sleep.
Timing and Control
Conversion start and data read operations are controlled
by three digital inputs: CONVST, CS and RD. A falling edge
applied to the CONVST pin will start a conversion after the
ADC has been selected (i.e., CS is low). Once initiated, it
cannot be restarted until the conversion is complete.
Converter status is indicated by the BUSY output. BUSY is
low during a conversion.
We recommend using a narrow logic low or narrow logic
high CONVST pulse to start a conversion as shown in
Figures 5 and 6. A narrow low or high CONVST pulse
prevents the rising edge of the CONVST pulse from upsetting the critical bit decisions during the conversion time.
Figure 4 shows the change of the differential nonlinearity
error versus the low time of the CONVST pulse. As shown,
if CONVST returns high early in the conversion (e.g.,
CONVST low time <500ns), accuracy is unaffected. Similarly, if CONVST returns high after the conversion is over
(e.g., CONVST low time >t
), accuracy is unaffected.
CONV
For best results, keep t5 less than 500ns or greater than
t
.
CONV
Figures 5 through 9 show several different modes of
operation. In modes 1a and 1b (Figures 5 and 6), CS and
RD are both tied low. The falling edge of CONVST starts the
conversion. The data outputs are always enabled and data
can be latched with the BUSY rising edge. Mode 1a shows
operation with a narrow logic low CONVST pulse. Mode 1b
shows a narrow logic high CONVST pulse.
In mode 2 (Figure 7) CS is tied low. The falling edge of
CONVST signal starts the conversion. Data outputs are in
1603f
9
LTC1603
U
WUU
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
t
CS = RD = 0
CONVST
BUSY
DATA
CS = RD = 0
CONVST
t
5
t
6
DATA (N – 1)
D15 TO D0
Figure 5. Mode 1a. CONVST Starts a Conversion. Data Outputs Always Enabled
(CONVST = )
t
13
t
6
CONV
t
CONV
t
5
t
8
t
7
DATA N
D15 TO D0
t
8
t
6
DATA (N + 1)
D15 TO D0
1603 F05
BUSY
DATA
t
7
DATA (N – 1)
D15 TO D0
DATA N
D15 TO D0
Figure 6. Mode 1b. CONVST Starts a Conversion. Data Outputs Always Enabled
(CONVST = )
t
CS = 0
CONVST
BUSY
RD
DATA
t
CONV
t
5
t
6
13
t
8
t
9
t
12
t
10
t
DATA N
D15 TO D0
11
DATA (N + 1)
D15 TO D0
1603 F06
1603 F07
10
Figure 7. Mode 2. CONVST Starts a Conversion. Data is Read by RD
1603f
LTC1603
U
WUU
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
10
t
t
CONV
DATA (N – 1)
D5 TO D0
Figure 8. Mode 2. Slow Memory Mode Timing
t
CONV
6
t
10
t
DATA (N – 1)
D15 TO D0
11
CS = 0
RD = CONVST
BUSY
DATA
RD = CONVST
CS = 0
BUSY
DATA
t
6
t
t
7
DATA N
D15 TO D0
t
8
t
11
DATA N
D15 TO D0
t
8
DATA N
D15 TO D0
DATA (N + 1)
D15 TO D0
1603 F08
1603 F09
Figure 9. ROM Mode Timing
three-state until read by the MPU with the RD signal. Mode
2 can be used for operation with a shared data bus.
In slow memory and ROM modes (Figures 8 and 9) CS is
tied low and CONVST and RD are tied together. The MPU
starts the conversion and reads the output with the combined CONVST-RD signal. Conversions are started by the
MPU or DSP (no external sample clock is needed).
In slow memory mode the processor applies a logic low to
RD (= CONVST), starting the conversion. BUSY goes low,
forcing the processor into a wait state. The previous
conversion result appears on the data outputs. When the
conversion is complete, the new conversion results
appear on the data outputs; BUSY goes high, releasing the
processor and the processor takes RD (=CONVST) back
high and reads the new conversion data.
In ROM mode, the processor takes RD (=CONVST) low,
starting a conversion and reading the previous conversion
result. After the conversion is complete, the processor can
read the new result and initiate another conversion.
DIFFERENTIAL ANALOG INPUTS
Driving the Analog Inputs
The differential analog inputs of the LTC1603 are easy to
drive. The inputs may be driven differentially or as a singleended input (i.e., the A
–
A
inputs are sampled at the same instant. Any un-
IN
–
input is grounded). The A
IN
IN
+
and
wanted signal that is common mode to both inputs will be
reduced by the common mode rejection of the sampleand-hold circuit. The inputs draw only one small current
spike while charging the sample-and-hold capacitors at
the end of conversion. During conversion the analog
inputs draw only a small leakage current. If the source
impedance of the driving circuit is low, then the LTC1603
inputs can be driven directly. As source impedance increases so will acquisition time (see Figure 10). For
minimum acquisition time with high source impedance, a
buffer amplifier should be used. The only requirement is
that the amplifier driving the analog input(s) must settle
after the small current spike before the next conversion
1603f
11
LTC1603
U
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
10
1
0.1
ACQUISITION TIME (µs)
0.01
1101001k10k
SOURCE RESISTANCE (Ω)
1603 F10
Figure 10. t
starts (settling time must be 200ns for full throughput
rate).
Choosing an Input Amplifier
vs Source Resistance
ACQ
LT®1007: Low Noise Precision Amplifier. 2.7mA supply
current, ±5V to ±15V supplies, gain bandwidth product
8MHz, DC applications.
LT1097: Low Cost, Low Power Precision Amplifier. 300µA
supply current, ±5V to ±15V supplies, gain bandwidth
product 0.7MHz, DC applications.
LT1227: 140MHz Video Current Feedback Amplifier. 10mA
supply current, ±5V to ±15V supplies, low noise and low
distortion.
LT1360: 37MHz Voltage Feedback Amplifier. 3.8mA supply current, ±5V to ±15V supplies, good AC/DC specs.
LT1363: 50MHz Voltage Feedback Amplifier. 6.3mA supply current, good AC/DC specs.
LT1364/LT1365: Dual and Quad 50MHz Voltage Feedback
Amplifiers. 6.3mA supply current per amplifier, good AC/
DC specs.
Choosing an input amplifier is easy if a few requirements
are taken into consideration. First, to limit the magnitude
of the voltage spike seen by the amplifier from charging
the sampling capacitor, choose an amplifier that has a
low output impedance (< 100Ω) at the closed-loop bandwidth frequency. For example, if an amplifier is used in a
gain of +1 and has a unity-gain bandwidth of 50MHz, then
the output impedance at 50MHz should be less than
100Ω. The second requirement is that the closed-loop
bandwidth must be greater than 15MHz to ensure
adequate small-signal settling for full throughput rate. If
slower op amps are used, more settling time can be
provided by increasing the time between conversions.
The best choice for an op amp to drive the LTC1603 will
depend on the application. Generally applications fall into
two categories: AC applications where dynamic specifications are most critical and time domain applications
where DC accuracy and settling time are most critical.
The following
list is a summary of the op amps that are
suitable for driving the LTC1603. More detailed information is available in the Linear Technology databooks, the
LinearViewTM CD-ROM and on our web site at:
www.linear-tech. com.
Input Filtering
The noise and the distortion of the input amplifier and
other circuitry must be considered since they will add to
the LTC1603 noise and distortion. The small-signal bandwidth of the sample-and-hold circuit is 15MHz. Any noise
or distortion products that are present at the analog inputs
will be summed over this entire bandwidth. Noisy input
circuitry should be filtered prior to the analog inputs to
minimize noise. A simple 1-pole RC filter is sufficient for
many applications. For example, Figure 11 shows a 3000pF
capacitor from A
+
to ground and a 100Ω source resistor
IN
to limit the input bandwidth to 530kHz. The 3000pF
capacitor also acts as a charge reservoir for the input
sample-and-hold and isolates the ADC input from sampling glitch sensitive circuitry. High quality capacitors and
resistors should be used since these components can add
distortion. NPO and silver mica type dielectric capacitors
have excellent linearity. Carbon surface mount resistors can
also generate distortion from self heating and from damage
that may occur during soldering. Metal film surface mount
resistors are much less susceptible to both problems.
12
LinearView is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
1603f
LTC1603
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
ANALOG INPUT
100Ω
3000pF
47µF
Figure 11. RC Input Filter
Input Range
The ±2.5V input range of the LTC1603 is optimized for low
noise and low distortion. Most op amps also perform well
over this same range, allowing direct coupling to the
analog inputs and eliminating the need for special translation circuitry.
Some applications may require other input ranges. The
LTC1603 differential inputs and reference circuitry can
accommodate other input ranges often with little or no
additional circuitry. The following sections describe the
reference and input circuitry and how they affect the input
range.
1
2
3
4
5
+
A
IN
–
A
IN
LTC1603
V
REF
REFCOMP
AGND
1603 F11
R1
7.5k
BANDGAP
REFERENCE
LTC1603
1603 F12a
4.375V
2.500V
47µF
V
3
REFCOMP
4
AGND
5
REF
REFERENCE
R2
12k
R3
16k
AMP
Figure 12a. LTC1603 Reference Circuit
5V
V
IN
LT1019A-2.5
V
OUT
ANALOG
INPUT
+
1
+
A
IN
2
–
A
IN
3
V
REF
LTC1603
4
REFCOMP
0.1µF10µF
5
AGND
1603 F12b
Figure 12b. Using the LT1019-2.5 as an External Reference
Internal Reference
The LTC1603 has an on-chip, temperature compensated,
curvature corrected, bandgap reference that is factory
trimmed to 2.500V. It is connected internally to a reference amplifier and is available at V
(Pin 3) (see Figure
REF
12a). A 7.5k resistor is in series with the output so that it
can be easily overdriven by an external reference or other
circuitry (see Figure 12b). The reference amplifier gains
the voltage at the V
pin by 1.75 to create the required
REF
internal reference voltage. This provides buffering
between the V
pin and the high speed capacitive DAC.
REF
The reference amplifier compensation pin (REFCOMP,
Pin 4) must be bypassed with a capacitor to ground. The
reference amplifier is stable with capacitors of 22µF or
greater. For the best noise performance a 47µF ceramic
or 47µF tantalum in parallel with a 0.1µF ceramic is
recommended.
The V
pin can be driven with a DAC or other means
REF
shown in Figure 13. This is useful in applications where the
peak input signal amplitude may vary. The input span of
the ADC can then be adjusted to match the peak input
signal, maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio. The filtering
of the internal LTC1603 reference amplifier will limit
the bandwidth and settling time of this circuit. A settling
time of 20ms should be allowed for after a reference
adjustment.
Differential Inputs
The LTC1603 has a unique differential sample-and-hold
circuit that allows rail-to-rail inputs. The ADC will always
convert the difference of A
IN
+
– A
–
independent of the
IN
common mode voltage (see Figure 15a). The common
mode rejection holds up to extremely high frequencies
(see Figure 14a). The only requirement is that both inputs
1603f
13
LTC1603
U
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
1
+
A
ANALOG INPUT
2V TO 2.7V
DIFFERENTIAL
LTC1450
Figure 13. Driving V
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
COMMON MODE REJECTION (dB)
10
0
1k
2V TO 2.7V
47µF
REF
10k100k
INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 14a. CMRR vs Input Frequency
IN
2
–
A
IN
LTC1603
3
V
REF
4
REFCOMP
5
AGND
with a DAC
1603 G14a
1M
1603 F13
1
2
3
4
5
+
A
IN
–
A
IN
V
REF
LTC1603
REFCOMP
AGND
1603 F14b
±2.5V
ANALOG INPUT
0V TO
5V
+
–
10µF
Figure 14b. Selectable 0V to 5V or ±2.5V Input Range
Full-Scale and Offset Adjustment
Figure 15a shows the ideal input/output characteristics
for the LTC1603. The code transitions occur midway
between successive integer LSB values (i.e., –FS +
0.5LSB). The output is two’s complement binary with
1LSB = FS – (–FS)/65536 = 5V/65536 = 76.3µV.
In applications where absolute accuracy is important,
offset and full-scale errors can be adjusted to zero. Offset
error must be adjusted before full-scale error. Figure 15b
shows the extra components required for full-scale error
adjustment. Zero offset is achieved by adjusting the offset
applied to the A
–
input. For zero offset error apply
IN
can not exceed the AVDD or VSS power supply voltages.
Integral nonlinearity errors (INL) and differential nonlinearity errors (DNL) are independent of the common mode
voltage, however, the bipolar zero error (BZE) will vary.
The change in BZE is typically less than 0.1% of the
common mode voltage. Dynamic performance is also
affected by the common mode voltage. THD will degrade
as the inputs approach either power supply rail, from 96dB
with a common mode of 0V to 86dB with a common mode
of 2.5V or –2.5V.
Differential inputs allow greater flexibility for accepting
different input ranges. Figure 14b shows a circuit that
converts a 0V to 5V analog input signal with only an
additional buffer that is not in the signal path.
14
011...111
011...110
000...001
000...000
111...111
OUTPUT CODE
111...110
100...001
100...000
–(FS – 1LSB)
INPUT VOLTAGE (A
FS – 1LSB
+
–
– A
IN
)
IN
1603 F15a
Figure 15a. LTC1603 Transfer Characteristics
1603f
LTC1603
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
–5V
R8
50k
R5
R7
47k
50k
+
47µF
Figure 15b. Offset and Full-Scale Adjust Circuit
–38µV (i.e., –0.5LSB) at A
–
A
input by varying R8 until the output code flickers
IN
between 0000 0000 0000 0000 and 1111 1111 1111 1111.
For full-scale adjustment, an input voltage of 2.499886V
(FS/2 – 1.5LSBs) is applied to A
the output code flickers between 0111 1111 1111 1110
and 0111 1111 1111 1111.
BOARD LAYOUT AND GROUNDING
Wire wrap boards are not recommended for high resolution or high speed A/D converters. To obtain the best
performance from the LTC1603, a printed circuit board
with ground plane is required. Layout should ensure that
digital and analog signal lines are separated as much as
possible. Particular care should be taken not to run any
digital track alongside an analog signal track or underneath the ADC.The analog input should be screened by
AGND.
An analog ground plane separate from the logic system
ground should be established under and around the ADC.
Pin 5 to Pin 8 (AGNDs), Pin 10 (ADC’s DGND) and all other
analog grounds should be connected to this single analog
ground point. The REFCOMP bypass capacitor and the
DVDD bypass capacitor should also be connected to this
R3
24k
R6
24k
0.1µF
ANALOG
INPUT
R4
100Ω
IN
+
1
+
A
IN
2
–
A
IN
LTC1603
3
V
REF
4
REFCOMP
5
AGND
and adjust the offset at the
+
and R7 is adjusted until
IN
1603 F15b
analog ground plane. No other digital grounds should be
connected to this analog ground plane. Low impedance
analog and digital power supply common returns are
essential to low noise operation of the ADC and the foil
width for these tracks should be as wide as possible. In
applications where the ADC data outputs and control
signals are connected to a continuously active microprocessor bus, it is possible to get errors in the conversion
results. These errors are due to feedthrough from the
microprocessor to the successive approximation comparator. The problem can be eliminated by forcing the
microprocessor into a WAIT state during conversion or by
using three-state buffers to isolate the ADC data bus. The
traces connecting the pins and bypass capacitors must be
kept short and should be made as wide as possible.
The LTC1603 has differential inputs to minimize noise
coupling. Common mode noise on the A
will be rejected by the input CMRR. The A
used as a ground sense for the A
IN
+
and A
IN
–
IN
+
input; the LTC1603
will hold and convert the difference voltage between A
and A
–
. The leads to A
IN
+
(Pin 1) and A
IN
–
(Pin 2) should
IN
–
leads
IN
input can be
+
IN
be kept as short as possible. In applications where this is
not possible, the A
IN
+
and A
–
traces should be run side
IN
by side to equalize coupling.
SUPPLY BYPASSING
High quality, low series resistance ceramic, 10µF or 47µF
bypass capacitors should be used at the VDD and REFCOMP
pins as shown in Figure 16 and in the Typical Application
on the first page of this data sheet. Surface mount ceramic
capacitors such as Murata GRM235Y5V106Z016 provide
excellent bypassing in a small board space. Alternatively,
10µF tantalum capacitors in parallel with 0.1µF ceramic
capacitors can be used. Bypass capacitors must be located as close to the pins as possible. The traces connecting the pins and the bypass capacitors must be kept short
and should be made as wide as possible.
1603f
15
LTC1603
U
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
1
+
A
IN
–
A
IN
ANALOG
INPUT
CIRCUITRY
V
REFCOMP
REF
+
–
3
2.2µF
AGND
4
5 TO 823429
47µF
Figure 16. Power Supply Grounding Practice
DC PERFORMANCE
The noise of an ADC can be evaluated in two ways: signalto-noise raio (SNR) in frequency domain and histogram in
time domain. The LTC1603 excels in both. Figure 18a
demonstrates that the LTC1603 has an SNR of over 90dB
in frequency domain. The noise in the time domain histogram is the transition noise associated with a high resolution ADC which can be measured with a fixed DC signal
applied to the input of the ADC. The resulting output codes
are collected over a large number of conversions. The
shape of the distribution of codes will give an indication of
the magnitude of the transition noise. In Figure 17 the
distribution of output codes is shown for a DC input that
has been digitized 4096 times. The distribution is Gaussian
and the RMS code transition noise is about 0.66LSB. This
corresponds to a noise level of 90.9dB relative to full scale.
Adding to that the theoretical 98dB of quantization error
for 16-bit ADC, the resultant corresponds to an SNR level
of 90.1dB which correlates very well to the frequency
domain measurements in DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
section.
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
The LTC1603 has excellent high speed sampling capability. Fast fourier transform (FFT) test techniques are used
to test the ADC’s frequency response, distortions and
noise at the rated throughput. By applying a low distortion
sine wave and analyzing the digital output using an FFT
algorithm, the ADC’s spectral content can be examined for
frequencies outside the fundamental. Figures 18a and 18b
show typical LTC1603 FFT plots.
V
SS
10µF3610µF
LTC1603
DD
DIGITAL
SYSTEM
OV
DGNDAV
DV
AV
DD
35
10µF
DD
9
10µF
2500
2000
1500
COUNT
1000
500
0
OGND
DD
2810
10µF
1603 F16
–5–4–3 –2 –1 0 1 23 4 5
CODE
1603 F17
Figure 17. Histogram for 4096 Conversions
0
–20
–40
–60
–80
AMPLITUDE (dB)
–100
–120
–140
0
204080100120
FREQUENCY (kHz)
60
f
= 250kHz
SAMPLE
= 9.959kHz
f
IN
SINAD = 90.2dB
THD = –103.2dB
1603 F18a
Figure 18a. This FFT of the LTC1603’s Conversion of a
Full-Scale 10kHz Sine Wave Shows Outstanding Response
with a Very Low Noise Floor When Sampling at 250ksps
16
1603f
LTC1603
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1k
EFFECTIVE BITS
SINAD (dB)
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
98
92
86
80
74
68
62
56
50
10k100k1M
1603 F19
U
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
The signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio [S/(N + D)] is the
ratio between the RMS amplitude of the fundamental input
frequency to the RMS amplitude of all other frequency
components at the A/D output. The output is band limited
to frequencies from above DC and below half the sampling
frequency. Figure 18a shows a typical spectral content
with a 250kHz sampling rate and a 5kHz input. The
dynamic performance is excellent for input frequencies up
to and beyond the Nyquist limit of 125kHz.
Effective Number of Bits
The effective number of bits (ENOBs) is a measurement of
the resolution of an ADC and is directly related to the
S/(N + D) by the equation:
N = [S/(N + D) – 1.76]/6.02
where N is the effective number of bits of resolution and
S/(N + D) is expressed in dB. At the maximum sampling
rate of 250kHz the LTC1603 maintains above 14 bits up to
the Nyquist input frequency of 125kHz (refer to Figure 19).
0
f
= 250kHz
SAMPLE
f
= 97.152kHz
IN
–20
SINAD = 89dB
THD = –96dB
–40
–60
–80
AMPLITUDE (dB)
–100
–120
–140
060204080100120
FREQUENCY (kHz)
1603 F18b
Figure 18b. Even with Inputs at 100kHz, the LTC1603’s
Dymanic Linearity Remains Robust
Total Harmonic Distortion
Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the ratio of the RMS
sum of all harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental
itself. The out-of-band harmonics alias into the frequency
band between DC and half the sampling frequency. THD is
expressed as:
222 2
VVV Vn
+++
THDLog
=
20
234
V
1
...
where V1 is the RMS amplitude of the fundamental frequency and V2 through Vn are the amplitudes of the
second through nth harmonics. THD vs Input Frequency is
shown in Figure 20. The LTC1603 has good distortion
performance up to the Nyquist frequency and beyond.
Figure 19. Effective Bits and Signal/(Noise + Distortion)
vs Input Frequency
0
–10
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
–70
–80
–90
–100
AMPLITUDE (dB BELOW THE FUNDAMENTAL)
–110
1k
10k
INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz)
100k1M
THD
3RD
2ND
1603 F20
Figure 20. Distortion vs Input Frequency
17
1603f
LTC1603
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Intermodulation Distortion
If the ADC input signal consists of more than one spectral
component, the ADC transfer function nonlinearity can
produce intermodulation distortion (IMD) in addition to
THD. IMD is the change in one sinusoidal input caused by
the presence of another sinusoidal input at a different
frequency.
If two pure sine waves of frequencies fa and fb are applied
to the ADC input, nonlinearities in the ADC transfer function can create distortion products at the sum and difference frequencies of mfa ±nfb, where m and n = 0, 1, 2, 3,
0
–20
–40
–60
–80
AMPLITUDE (dB)
–100
–120
–140
020
Figure 21. Intermodulation Distortion Plot
4060120
FREQUENCY (kHz)
f
SAMPLE
= 29.3kHz
f
IN1
= 32.4kHz
f
IN2
80100
= 250kHz
1603 F21
etc. For example, the 2nd order IMD terms include
(fa – fb). If the two input sine waves are equal in magnitude, the value (in decibels) of the 2nd order IMD products
can be expressed by the following formula:
IMD fafbLog
±
()
=±20
Amplitude
Amplitude at fa
at (fa fb)
Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise
The peak harmonic or spurious noise is the largest spectral component excluding the input signal and DC. This
value is expressed in decibels relative to the RMS value of
a full-scale input signal.
Full-Power and Full-Linear Bandwidth
The full-power bandwidth is that input frequency at which
the amplitude of the reconstructed fundamental is
reduced by 3dB for a full-scale input signal.
The full-linear bandwidth is the input frequency at which
the S/(N + D) has dropped to 84dB (13.66 effective bits).
The LTC1603 has been designed to optimize input bandwidth, allowing the ADC to undersample input signals with
frequencies above the converter’s Nyquist Frequency. The
noise floor stays very low at high frequencies; S/(N + D)
becomes dominated by distortion at frequencies far
beyond Nyquist.
18
1603f
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
U
G Package
36-Lead Plastic SSOP (5.3mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1640)
1.25 ±0.12
12.50 – 13.10*
(.492 – .516)
LTC1603
252622 21 20 19232427282930313233343536
7.8 – 8.2
0.42 ±0.030.65 BSC
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
5.00 – 5.60**
(.197 – .221)
0.09 – 0.25
(.0035 – .010)
NOTE:
1. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS
2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN
3. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
*
DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH
SHALL NOT EXCEED .152mm (.006") PER SIDE
**
DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD
FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED .254mm (.010") PER SIDE
0.55 – 0.95
(.022 – .037)
MILLIMETERS
(INCHES)
0
5.3 – 5.7
° – 8°
12345678 9 10 11 1214 15 16 17 1813
0.65
(.0256)
BSC
0.22 – 0.38
(.009 – .015)
7.40 – 8.20
(.291 – .323)
2.0
(.079)
0.05
(.002)
G36 SSOP 0802
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
1603f
19
LTC1603
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Using the LTC1603 and Two LTC1391s as an 8-Channel Differential 16-Bit ADC System
U
CH0
CH7
CH0
CH7
+
–
10µF
1.75X
16-BIT
SAMPLING
ADC
5
5V 10µF5V
10Ω
+
AV
DD
678
AV
7.5k
B15 TO B0
3536
DD
++
2.5V
REF
AGNDAGNDAGNDAGND
V
–5V
SS
34
10µF
9
DV
CONTROL
LOGIC
AND
TIMING
OUTPUT
BUFFERS
+
DD
10µF
10
DGND
D15 TO D0
SHDN
CONVST
BUSY
OV
OGND
LTC1603
1603 TA03
CS
RD
DD
33
32
31
30
27
29
28
16-BIT
PARALLEL
BUS
11 TO 26
µP
CONTROL
LINES
+
10µF
5V OR
3V
5V
LTC1391
1
+
CH0
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
CH5
CH6
CH7
LTC1391
CH0
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
CH5
CH6
CH7
D
GND
D
GND
OUT
D
CLK
OUT
D
CLK
V
D
V
IN
CS
V
D
V
IN
CS
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
1
–
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
–
+
16
+
15
14
–
13
12
11
10
9
5V
16
+
15
14
–
13
12
11
10
9
1µF
–5V
1µF
+
+
47µF
3000pF
1µF
–5V
3000pF
+
D
IN
µP
CONTROL
CS
LINES
CLK
4
1
2
2.2µF
3
V
REF
REFCOMP
4.375V
+
A
IN
–
A
IN
RELATED PARTS
SAMPLING ADCs
PART NUMBERDESCRIPTIONCOMMENTS
LTC141012-Bit, 1.25Msps, ±5V ADC71.5dB SINAD at Nyquist, 150mW Dissipation
LTC141512-Bit, 1.25Msps, Single 5V ADC55mW Power Dissipation, 72dB SINAD
LTC141814-Bit, 200ksps, Single 5V ADC15mW, Serial/Para llel ±10V
LTC1419Low Power 14-Bit, 800ksps ADCTrue 14-Bit Linearity, 81.5dB SINAD, 150mW Dissipation
LTC160416-Bit, 333ksps, ±5V ADCPin Compatible with LTC1603
LTC160516-Bit, 100ksps, Single 5V ADC±10V Inputs, 55mW, Byte or Parallel I/O
LTC160816-Bit, 500ksps, ±5V ADCPin Compatible with LTC1603
DACs
PART NUMBERDESCRIPTIONCOMMENTS
LTC159216-Bit Serial SoftSpanTM DAC±1LSB Max INL/DNL, Software-Selectable Output Spans
LTC159516-Bit Serial Multiplying I
LTC159616-Bit Serial Multiplying I
LTC159716-Bit Parallel, Multiplying DAC±1LSB Max INL/DNL, Low Glitch, 4 Quadrant Resistors
LTC165016-Bit Serial V