LINEAR TECHNOLOGY LT3500 Technical data

LT3500
Monolithic 2A Step-Down
Regulator Plus Linear
FEATURES
n
Wide Input Range: 3V to 36V Operating,
40V Maximum
n
Short-Circuit Protected Over Full Input Range
n
2A Output Current Capability
n
Adjustable/Synchronizable Fixed Frequency
Operation from 250kHz to 2.2MHz
n
Soft-Start/Tracking Capability
n
Output Adjustable Down to 0.8V
n
Adjustable Linear Regulator/Driver with 13mA
Output Capability
n
Power Good Comparator with Complimentary
Outputs
n
Low Shutdown Current: 12µA
n
Thermally Enhanced 3mm × 3mm DFN or 16-Pin
MSOP Package
APPLICATIONS
n
Automotive Battery Regulation
n
Industrial Control
n
Wall Transformer Regulation
n
Distributed Power Regulation
DESCRIPTION
The LT®3500 is a current mode PWM step-down DC/DC converter with an internal 2.3A switch. The wide input range of 3V to 40V makes the LT3500 suitable for regulating power from a wide variety of sources, including automo­tive batteries, 24V industrial supplies and unregulated wall adapters.
Resistor-programmable 250kHz to 2.2MHz frequency range and synchronization capability enable optimization between effi ciency and external component size. Cycle­by-cycle current limit, frequency foldback and thermal shutdown provide protection against a shorted output. The soft-start feature controls the ramp rate of the output voltage, eliminating input current surge during start-up, and also provides output tracking.
The LT3500 contains an internal NPN transistor with feed­back control which can be confi gured as a linear regulator or as a linear regulator controller.
The LT3500’s low current shutdown mode (<12µA) enables easy power management in battery-powered systems.
L, LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Dual Step-Down Converters
V
6V TO 36V
0.47µF
53.6k
IN
2.2µF
330pF
40.2k
IN
SHDN SS
R
T/
V
C
LT3500
SYNC
BSTV
SW
LDRV
LFB
0.47µF
6.8µH
B240A
42.2k
FB
PG
PG
24.9k
8.06k
8.06k
1k
22µF
3500 TA01a
V
3.3V 1A
OUT2
V 5V 1A
22µF
OUT1
90
85
80
75
70
65
EFFICIENCY (%)
60
VIN = 12V
55
I
OUT2
FREQUENCY = 800kHz
50
0
= 0A
0.4 0.8 1.2 2.01.40.2 0.6 1.0 1.8 LOAD CURRENT (A)
1.6
3500 TA01b
V
V
OUT2
OUT1
= 5V AT 1A
AC COUPLED
2mV/DIV
= 3.3V AT 1A AC COUPLED
2mV/DIV
Output Voltage RippleSwitching Converter Effi ciency
500ns/DIV
3500 TA01c
3500fb
1
LT3500
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
(Note 1)
VIN, PG, PG Operating .................................... 40V/–0.3V
SW ............................................................................. V
IN
BST ................................................................ 55V/–0.3V
BST Pin Above SW ....................................................25V
LDRV, SHDN ..............................................................15V
FB, LFB, R SS, V
/SYNC .......................................................5V
T
......................................................................2.5V
C
PIN CONFIGURATION
TOP VIEW
1
V
IN
2
SHDN
3
SS
PG
V
C
RT/SYNC
12-LEAD (3mm × 3mm) PLASTIC DFN
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 13) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
θJA = 45°C/W, θ
13
4
5
6
DD PACKAGE
JC(PAD)
12
11
10
9
8
7
= 10°C/W
SW
BST
LDRV
LFB
FB
PG
Operating Junction Temperature Range
LT3500EDD (Note 2) .......................... –40°C to 125°C
LT3500IDD (Note 2) ...........................–40°C to 125°C
LT3500HDD (Note 2).......................... –40°C to 150°C
LT3500EMSE (Note 2)........................ –40°C to 125°C
LT3500IMSE (Note 3) ........................ –40°C to 125°C
LT3500HMSE (Note 2) ....................... –40°C to 150°C
Storage Temperature Range ...................–65°C to 150°C
TOP VIEW
1
NC1
2
V
IN
3
SHDN
4
SS
5
PG
6
V
C
7
RT/SYNC
8
NC8
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
θJA = 45°C/W, θ
17
MSE PACKAGE
16-LEAD PLASTIC MSE
JC(PAD)
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
= 10°C/W
NC16 SW BST LDRV LFB FB PG NC9
ORDER INFORMATION
LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE
LT3500EDD#PBF LT3500EDD#TRPBF LCRN
LT3500IDD#PBF LT3500IDD#TRPBF LCRN
LT3500HDD#PBF LT3500HDD#TRPBF LDCY
12-Lead (3mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN 12-Lead (3mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN 12-Lead (3mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN
LT3500EMSE#PBF LT3500EMSE#TRPBF 3500 16-Lead Plastic MSE –40°C to 125°C
LT3500IMSE#PBF LT3500IMSE#TRPBF 3500 16-Lead Plastic MSE –40°C to 125°C
LT3500HMSE#PBF LT3500HMSE#TRPBF 3500 16-Lead Plastic MSE –40°C to 150°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specifi ed with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identifi ed by a label on the shipping container. Consult LTC Marketing for information on non-standard lead based fi nish parts.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifi
cations, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
–40°C to 125°C
–40°C to 125°C
–40°C to 150°C
3500fb
2
LT3500
The l denotes the specifi cations which apply over the full operating
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
temperature range, otherwise specifi cations are at T
= 25°C. V
J
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
SHDN Threshold
SHDN Source Current V
= 0.62V 1.5 2.5 3.5 µA
SHDN
SHDN Current Hysterisis 1.25 2 3.25 µA
Minimum Input Voltage (Note 3) V
Supply Shutdown Current V
Supply Quiescent Current V
FB Voltage V
FB Bias Current V
Error Amplifi er g
m
Error Amplifi er Source Current V
Error Amplifi er Sink Current V
Error Amplifi er High Clamp V
Error Amplifi er Switching Threshold V
SS Source Current V
SS Sink Current V
SS POR Sink Current (Note 4) V
= 0V
FB
= 0V
SHDN
= 0.9V 2.5 3.5 mA
FB
= 1V
VC
V
= 0.8V to 1.6V, VIN = 3V to 40V
VC
= 0.8V, VVC = 1V 50 150 nA
FB
VVC = 1V, IVC = ±10µA 150 250 350 µmho
= 0.6V, VVC = 1V 12 16 20 µA
FB
= 1V, VVC = 1V 14 18 22 µA
FB
= 0.6V 1.8 2.0 2.2 V
FB
= 0.6V 0.6 0.8 1.0 V
FB
= 0.4V, VFB = 0.9V 2.25 2.75 3.75 µA
SS
= 0V, VSS = 2V 300 600 900 µA
FB
= 0V, VSS = 2V, Cycle SHDN 400 600 800 µA
FB
SS POR Threshold 50 100 150 mV
SS to FB Offset (V
– VFB)V
SS
PG/PG Leakage V PG/PG Threshold (Rising) V PG/PG Hysteresis (Falling) V
PG Sink Current V PG Sink Current V
/SYNC Reference Voltage VFB = 0.9V, R
R
T
Switching Frequency R
= VFS, VSS = 0.4V 70 100 120 mV
VC
= 0.9V, VPG/VPG = 40V 0.1 1 µA
FB
= 0.4V 0.685 0.708 0.730 V
PG
= 0.4V 20 30 40 mV
PG
= 0.4V, VFB = 0.7V 250 500 750 µA
PG
= 0.4V, VFB = 0.9V 500 800 1100 µA
PG
RT/SYNC
= 90.9k
RT/SYNC
R R
RT/SYNC RT/SYNC
= 90.9k = 15k
SYNC Frequency Range
Minimum Switch On Time V
Minimum Switch Off Time V
= 0.7V, R
FB
= 0.7V, R
FB
RT/SYNC
RT/SYNC
Switch Leakage Current VSW = 0V 1 10 µA
Switch Saturation Voltage I
Switch Peak Current DD Package V
Switch Peak Current MSE Package V
Boost Current I
Minimum Boost Voltage (Note 5) I
= 2A, V
SW
= 18V, VFB = 0.7V
BST
= 18V, VFB = 0.7V
BST
= 2A, V
SW
= 2A, VFB = 0.7V 2.2 3 V
SW
= 18V, VFB = 0.7V 450 mV
BST
= 20V, VFB = 0.7V 20 30 45 mA
BST
= 15V, V
VIN
= 2V, unless otherwise specifi ed.
RT/SYNC
l
l
l
l l
710 760 780 mV
2.4 2.8 V
12 30 µA
0.784
0.776
0.8
0.8
0.816
0.824
= 15k 0.75 0.850 0.975 V
450
l
425
2
l
250 2500 kHz
500 500
2.4
550 625
2.8
kHz kHz
MHz
= 90.9k 140 ns
= 90.9k 120 ns
2.3
l
2.1
2.3
l
2.1
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.7
V V
A A
A A
3500fb
3
LT3500
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
The l denotes the specifi cations which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifi cations are at T
= 25°C. V
J
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
LFB Voltage V
LFB Line/Load Regulation V
– V
SS to LFB Offset (V
SS
)V
LFB
LFB Bias Current V
– V
LDRV Dropout (V
VIN
)V
LDRV
LDRV Maximum Current V
= V
LDRV
LFB
= 3V to 40V, V
VIN
= 0.8V, V
SS
LFB
LDRV
LDRV
LDRV
= 0.8V 115 300 nA
= 3V, I
LDRV
= 5mA
= 0V
LDRV
= V
VIN
= V
LFB
= 15V, V
LFB
= 2V, unless otherwise specifi ed.
RT/SYNC
l
l
l
l
0.784 0.8 0.816 V
0.776 0.8 0.824 V
90 115 140 mV
0.8 1.2 1.6 V
91318mA
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime.
Note2: The LT3500EDD/LT3500EMSE is guaranteed to meet performance specifi cations from 0°C to 125°C junction temperature. Specifi cations over the –40°C to 125°C operating junction temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The LT3500IDD/LT3500IMSE is guaranteed over the full –40°C to 125°C operating junction temperature range. The LT3500HDD/LT3500HMSE is guaranteed over the full –40°C to 150°C operating junction temperature range. High junction temperatures degrade operating lifetimes. Operating lifetime is derated at junction temperatures greater than 125°C.
Note 3: Minimum input voltage is defi ned as the voltage where internal bias lines are regulated so that the reference voltage and oscillator remain constant. Actual minimum input voltage to maintain a regulated output
will depend upon output voltage and load current. See Applications Information.
Note 4: An internal power-on reset (POR) latch is set on the positive transition of the SHDN pin through its threshold. The output of the latch activates a current source on the SS pin which typically sinks 600µA, discharging the SS capacitor. The latch is reset when the SS pin is driven below the soft-start POR threshold or the SHDN pin is taken below its threshold.
Note 5: This is the minimum voltage across the boost capacitor needed to guarantee full saturation of the internal power switch.
Note 6: This IC includes overtemperature protection that is intended to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction temperature will exceed the maximum operating junction temperature when overtemperature protection is active. Continuous operation above the specifi ed maximum operating junction temperature may impair device reliability.
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Feedback Voltage vs Temperature
0.820
0.815
0.810
0.805
0.800
VOLTAGE (V)
0.795
0.790
0.785
0.780 –50
–25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
FB
50
25
75
LFB
100
125
150
3500 G01
RT/SYNC Voltage vs Temperature
1.10
1.08
1.06 R
= 90.9k
1.04
1.02
1.00
0.98
VOLTAGE (V)
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
RT/SYNC
R
–50
–25 25
= 15k
RT/SYNC
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
50
75
100
125
3500 G02
150
Shutdown Threshold and Minimum Input Voltage vs Temperature
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
VOLTAGE (V)
1.0
0.5
0
–50
MINIMUM INPUT VOLTAGE
SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD
50 100 150125
–25 0
25 75
TEMPERATURE (°C)
3500 G03
4
3500fb
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
LT3500
Shutdown Input Currents vs Temperature
6
5
V
= 0.9V
SHDN
4
3
V
= 0.7V
SHDN
CURRENT (µA)
2
1
0
–50
050
–25 25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Soft-Start Source Current vs Temperature
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.3
CURRENT (µA)
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5 –50
–25 25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Shutdown Quiescent Current vs Temperature
15.0
12.5
10.0
7.5
CURRENT (µA)
5.0
2.5
0
100
75
125
150
3500 G04
–50
050
–25 25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
75
125
150
3500 G05
Soft-Start Feedback Offset vs Temperature
150
125
LFB
100
VOLTAGE (mV)
75
125
50
100
75
150
3500 G07
50
FB
–50
–25 0 25 50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75 100 125 150
3500 G08
Error Amplifi er gm vs Temperature
400
350
300
250
200
TRANSCONDUCTANCE (µmhos)
150
100
–50
–25 25
050
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
VC Switching Threshold vs Temperature
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
VOLTAGE (V)
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50 –50
–25
0
25 150125
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75 100
100
125
3500 G09
150
3500 G06
Power Good Thresholds vs Temperature
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.71
0.70
0.69
VOLTAGE (V)
0.68
0.67
0.66
0.65 –50
–25
RISING EDGE
FALLING EDGE
25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Power Good Sink Currents vs Temperature Frequency vs Temperature
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
CURRENT (µA)
300
200
100
50
75
100
150125
3500 G10
0
–50
–25
PG
PG
50
25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
150125
3500 G11
600
R
RT/SYNC
580
560
540
520
500
480
FREQUENCY (kHz)
460
440
420
400
–50
–25
= 90.9k
50
25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
150125
3500 G12
3500fb
5
LT3500
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Peak Switch Current vs Temperature
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
CURRENT (A)
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5 –50
DD PACKAGE
–25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
MSE PACKAGE
50
25
75
100
150125
3500 G13
LDRV Short-Circuit Current vs Temperature
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
CURRENT (mA)
13
12
11
10
–50
Minimum Switching Times Frequency vs R
300
275
250
225
200
175
TIME (ns)
150
125
100
75
50
–50
MINIMUM ON TIME
–25 25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
MINIMUM OFF TIME
50
100
75
125
150
3500 G16
2500
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
FREQUENCY (kHz)
750
500
250
0
0
–25
0
4020
50
25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
RT/SYNC
120 140 180
8060
100
R
(kΩ)
RT/SYNC
100
TA = 25°C
160
3500 G14
3500 G17
150125
200
External Sync Duty Cycle Range vs External Sync Frequency
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
DUTY CYCLE (%)
30
20
10
0
250
MAXIMUM DUTY CYCLE
= 25°C
T
A
MINIMUM DUTY CYCLE
750
SYNCHRONIZATION FREQUENCY (kHz)
1250
1750
Switch Saturation Voltage vs Switch Current
600
500
400
300
–50°C
200
100
SWITCH SATURATION VOLTAGE (mV)
0
25°C
150°C
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 SWITCH CURRENT (A)
2250
3500 G15
2.00.20 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8
3500 G18
Boost Current vs Switch Current
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
BOOST CURRENT (mA)
10
5
0
0.40.2
0
–50°C
0.80.6
1.0
SWITCH CURRENT (A)
6
150°C
25°C
1.2 1.4 1.8
1.6
3500 G19
2.0
Minimum Boost Voltages vs Temperature Minimum Input Voltage
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.1 MINIMUM BOOST FOR SWITCH SATURATION
1.9
BOOST VOLTAGE (V)
1.7
1.5
–50
050
–25 25
TEMPERATURE (°C)
75
100
125
150
3500 G20
8
TA = 25°C
7
6
5
4
3
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2
1
fSW = 1MHz L = 3.3µH
0
0.4 0.8 1.2 2.01.40.2 0.6 1.0 1.8
0
V
OUT1
V
OUT1
LOAD CURRENT (A)
= 5V
= 3.3V
1.6
3500 G21
3500fb
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
LDRV Dropout Voltage vs Temperature
1.50 I
LDRV
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
VOLTAGE (V)
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00
–50
= 5mA
–25 25
0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
125
50
100
75
150
3500 G22
Switcher Dropout Operation
6
I
= 1A
VOUT1
= 25°C
T
A
5
V
4
3
2
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1
0
2.5
3.5 4.0 4.5
3.0 INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
VOUT1
= 5V
V
VOUT1
= 3.3V
5.0 5.5
3500 G23
Inductor Value for 2A Maximum Load Current (V I
RIPPLE
2500
2250
2000
1750
1500
1250
1000
FREQUENCY (kHz)
750
500
250
5
10
= 250mA)
L = 1.5µH
OUT1
L = 1µH
15
20 40
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
25
LT3500
= 3.3V,
TA = 25°C
L = 2.2µH
L = 3.3µH
L = 4.7µH
L = 6.8µH
L = 10µH
30 35
3500 G24
PIN FUNCTIONS
VIN: The VIN pin powers the internal control circuitry and is monitored by an undervoltage comparator. The V is also connected to the collectors of the internal power NPN switch and linear output NPN. The V
pin has high
IN
dI/dt edges and must be decoupled to ground close to the pin of the device.
SHDN: The SHDN pin is used to shut down the LT3500 and reduce quiescent current to a typical value of 12µA. The accurate 0.76V threshold and input current hysteresis can be used as an undervoltage lockout, prevent­ing the regulator from operating until the input voltage has reached a predetermined level. Force the SHDN pin above its threshold or let it fl oat for normal operation.
SS: The SS pin is used to control the slew rate of the output of both the switching and linear regulators. A single capacitor from the SS pin to ground determines the regulators’ ramp rate. For soft-start details see the Applications Information section.
PG: The power good pin is an open-collector output that sinks current when the FB or LFB falls below 90% of its
IN
pin
nominal regulating voltage. For V state remains true, although during SHDN, V
above 2V, its output
IN
undervoltage
IN
lockout, or thermal shutdown, its current sink capability is reduced
: The VC pin is the output of the error amplifi er and the
V
C
input to the peak switch current comparator. It is normally used for frequency compensation, but can also be used as a current clamp or control loop override. If the error amplifi er drives V
above the maximum switch current
C
level, a voltage clamp activates. This indicates that the output is overloaded and current to be pulled from the SS pin reducing the regulation point.
/SYNC: This RT/SYNC pin provides two modes of setting
R
T
the constant switch frequency.
Connecting a resistor from the R will set the R
/SYNC pin to a typical value of 1V. The
T
/SYNC pin to ground
T
resultant switching frequency will be set by the resistor value. The minimum value of 15kΩ and maximum value of 200kΩ set the switching frequency to 2.5MHz and 250kHz respectively.
3500fb
7
LT3500
PIN FUNCTIONS
Driving the RT/SYNC pin with an external clock signal will synchronize the switch to the applied frequency. Synchronization occurs on the rising edge of the clock signal after the clock signal is detected. Each rising clock edge initiates an oscillator ramp reset. A gain control loop servos the oscillator charging current to maintain a con­stant oscillator amplitude. Hence, the slope compensation remains unchanged. If the clock signal is removed, the oscillator reverts to resistor mode and reapplies the 1V bias to the R circuitry times out. The clock source impedance should be set such that the current out of the R resistor mode generates a frequency roughly equivalent to the synchronization frequency. Floating or holding the
/SYNC pin above 1.1V will not damage the device, but
R
T
will halt oscillation. PG: The power good bar pin is an open-collector output
that sinks current when the FB or LFB rises above 90% of its nominal regulating voltage.
FB: The FB pin is the negative input to the switcher error amplifi er. The output switches to regulate this pin to 0.8V with respect to the exposed ground pad. Bias current fl ows out of the FB pin.
LFB: The LFB pin is the negative input to the linear error amplifi er. The L with respect to the exposed ground pad. Bias current fl ows out of the LFB pin.
/SYNC pin after the synchronization detection
T
/SYNC pin in
T
pin servo’s to regulate this pin to 0.8V
DRV
LDRV: The LDRV pin is the emitter of an internal NPN that can be confi gured as an output of a linear regulator or as the drive for an external NPN high current regulator. Cur­rent fl ows out of the LDRV pin when the LFB pin voltage is below 0.8V. The LDRV pin has a typical maximum current capability of 13mA.
BST: The BST pin provides a higher than V the power NPN to ensure a low switch drop. A compara­tor to V the BST pin voltage drops too low. Forcing a SW off time allows the boost capacitor to recharge.
SW: The SW pin is the emitter of the on-chip power NPN. At switch off, the inductor will drive this pin below ground with a high dV/dt. An external catch diode to ground, close to the SW pin and respective V ground, must be used to prevent this pin from excessive negative voltages.
Exposed Pad: GND. The Exposed Pad is the only ground connection for the device. The Exposed Pad should be soldered to a large copper area to reduce thermal resis­tance. The GND pin also serves as small-signal ground. For ideal operation all small-signal ground paths should connect to the GND pin at a single point, avoiding any high current ground returns.
NC Pins (MSE Package Only): No Connection. The NC pins are electrically isolated from the LT3500. The NC pins may be connected to PCB traces to aid PCB layout.
imposes a minimum off time on the SW pin if
IN
decoupling capacitor’s
IN
base drive to
IN
8
3500fb
BLOCK DIAGRAM
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
INTERNAL
REGULATOR
AND REFERENCES
OSCILLATOR
AND AGC
POWER ON RESET
THERMAL
OVERLOAD
SQR
PRE
SQR
2µA
2.75µA
2.5µA
C1
0.76V
+
100mV
R5
R6
V
IN
GND
SHDN
R
T
/SYNC
V
C
SS
DRIVER
CIRCUITRY
SLOPE
COMPENSATION
0.8V SS
115mV
LDRV
R3
R1
R2
R4
C5
D2
D1
V
OUT2
V
OUT1
3500 BD
LFB
SW
FB
PG
PG
0.8V
100mV
0.7V
LFB
SS
C6
L1
C2
C4C3
C7
+
+
LT3500
Figure 1. LT3500 Block Diagram
3500fb
9
Loading...
+ 19 hidden pages