Lightning Protection International GUARDIAN PLUS Installation Manual

GUARDIAN PLUS Installation Manual

LIGHTNING PROTECTION INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD

Comprehensive Lightning, Surge Protection & Earthing Solutions www.lpi.com.au

Placement

method in

compliance with

IEEE STD. 998 (Substations)

Lightning Protection International Pty Ltd

ABN 11 099 190 897

PO Box 379 Kingston, Tasmania, Australia 7051 Phone: +61 3 62271955 Fax: +61 3 62291900 Email: info@lpi.com.au Web: www.lpi.com.au

GUARDIAN PLUS

System Owner:

Date Installed:

Installation Contractor:

Supplied by:

Location of Installation

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Guardian Plus Installation Manual

Lightning Protection International Pty Ltd

LIGHTNING PROTECTION INTERNATIONAL PTY LTD

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Contents

Placement Methodology (Software) 3

Substation Placement Methodology 4

Air Terminal (Hardware) 5

Warranty and Disclaimer 6

Safety Guidelines for Installatiion 7

Checking Lightning Protection Components Supplied 8

LPI Guardian Plus Installation 8

Recommended Installation Method 9

Installation of the Lightning Earth 13

Earth Enhancing Compounds 14

Bonding the Lightning Earth 15

Labelling 15

Installation of the HVSC Plus Downconductor 15

Hauling the HVSC Plus Downconductor 15

HVSC Plus Downconductor Clearance Holes 16

Routing 17

Fixing the HVSC Plus Downconductor 19

Installation of Conventional Downconductor 19

Equipotential Bonding 21

Installation of Guardian Plus GI Terminal to Threaded Pipe 21

Termination of the HVSC Plus Lower End

Lower Termination of Conventional Downconductor to the Lightning Earth 26

Upper Termination Instructions UTERMKIT-MK3 (Heatshrink) for HVSC Plus

Termination of the HVSC Plus Upper End

Upper Termination Instructions for UTERMKIT-MK3 (Heatshrink) 28

Termination of the HVSC Plus Lower End 32

Connection of Factory Pre-Terminated HVSC Plus (Upper End) to Guardian Plus

Labelling 33

Masts 33

Guying 35

Preparation for Raising the Mast into Position 36

Raising of the Mast 37

Lightning Strike Recorder (LSR1) 39

Certiﬁcation 41

Operation and Maintenance 41

Testing the Guardian Plus Terminal 42

Testing the HVSC Plus Downconductor 42

Testing the Lightning Earth 43

Installation Notes 45

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Placement Methodology (Software)

The placement of the G+ air terminal range on structures and within facilities is achieved via the Standards-compliant “leader inception theory” published in IEEE Std. 998 and other international codes. In brief, the steps required to obtain capture areas and volumes according to this method involve the computation of:

(a) Geometric factor R (induced voltage component due to the physical geometry of the

problem being solved);

(b) Leader inception proximity factor (which quantiﬁes the “suppressing inﬂuence” of the

structure on which a protective air termination is installed);

that which would have existed in the absence of the structure); and

(d) Critical ambient electric ﬁeld required to initiate and sustain the continuous upward leader.

LPI’s in-house software (LITCALC) has been developed using a world-ﬁrst three-stage approach to identifying areas around the structure or facility where the strike probability exceeds a minimum level and treating those areas appropriately. The computational stages implemented are:

(a) Identiﬁcation of likely strike points on a structure using the rolling sphere method per IEC

62305-3 for a range of stroke currents per lightning statistics as published in IEC 62305-1;

(b) Computation of the capture areas and volumes of those likely strike points on a structure

in accordance with the leader inception theory published in IEEE Std. 998; and

capture areas and volumes of the air terminals in accordance with the leader inception theory published in IEEE Std. 998.

(Refer to diagrams on Page 4.)

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Substation Placement Methodology

Case Study: 69 kV substation in IEEE Std. 998.

Step 1: Simplify the equipment and buses.

Step 2: Perform strike probability analysis (SPA) utilising a dynamic EGM and published lightning stroke statistics.

Step 3: Position air terminals in optimum locations based on the SPA and attractive radius calculations in accordance with LIT.

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Air Terminal (Hardware)

The new Guardian Plus™ (G+) air terminal range has been developed after taking into account the latest international research into the eﬀect of space charge and air terminal geometry, characteristics of long sparks, lightning characteristics and statistics, and the lightning attachment process itself.

The design of the G+ air terminals was based on detailed modelling and calculations geared towards achieving optimum corona performance in the quasi-static phase of a thunderstorm. Some of the key technical factors considered in the optimised design included the:

∆ Dome size (there are three sizes to cater for all practical installation scenarios);

∆ Tip radius of curvature and tip protrusion (optimised to minimise corona discharge);

∆ Materials (robust, long-lasting yet cost-eﬀective options).

Furthermore, under the dynamic phase of lightning, i.e., during the descent of the downward leader, the response of the air terminal to the rapidly-escalating electric ﬁeld is achieved via capacitive coupling to four independent panels on the air terminal, leading to a triggering spark that changes the spatial electric ﬁeld as part of the leader initiation process.

Final optimisation of the G+ corona performance and upward leader initiation under dynamic electric ﬁelds was achieved via extensive testing at a state-of-the-art high-voltage test laboratory, namely the National Engineering Laboratory for Ultra High Voltage Technology (NELUHVT) located near Kunming in China. The NELUHVT is an outdoor facility and hence the air terminals were not only tested under diﬀerent electrical conditions but also a range of environmental eﬀects.

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WARRANTY

LPI’s Guardian Plus terminals (including all accessories) are guaranteed against defects in materials or workmanship for a period of 5 years from the original sales date when it was purchased from LPI or one of its authorised distributors.

The warranty is limited to the ex-factory cost of replacement of equipment providing it has been installed and/or certiﬁed by LPI or its distributor. All other costs such as freight, re-installation, loss of proﬁt, or insurance premiums are not included.

Responsibility for other direct or indirect damages or death is also speciﬁcally excluded from the warranty.

DISCLAIMER

The LPI Guardian Plus design software LITCalc provides the end-user with a customised lightning protection design in compliance with the Leader Inception Theory included in IEEE Std. 998 and other standards.

LPI has a policy of continuing research and product improvement and hence retains the right without notice to alter future design methods or speciﬁcations in accordance with revisions of applicable standards or other validated research programs.

The range of Guardian Plus air terminals or, to our knowledge, any other lightning protection system cannot provide 100% protection and it is not inferred.

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Figure 1.

Safety Guidelines for Installation

The LPI Guardian Plus terminals should only be installed when there is no threat of a thunderstorm and lightning.

Other Recommendations:

∆ Ensure safe working environments and practices to local codes ∆ Use personal protective equipment during installation ∆ Use mechanical methods of raising and installing masts over 6 m ∆ Cordon oﬀ the area below the installation point ∆ Check for overhead powerlines, live conductors and any other obstructions before lifting or

raising

∆ Ensure enough personnel are used to safely conduct all aspects of the installation

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Checking Lightning Protection Components Supplied

The LPI Guardian Plus components received should be checked against the “bill of materials” for loss during shipping and for damage.

Check the following:

∆ Air terminals have not been dented or damaged in any way during transit ∆ Instructions, warning labels, warranty, test certiﬁcate and relevant mast base

components are supplied

∆ HVSC Plus cable drum (if supplied) is not damaged ∆ Correct HVSC Plus length(s) have been supplied ∆ There is no obvious damage to the HVSC Plus cable ∆ If a factory completed upper termination is supplied, check to see that it is not damaged

and conﬁrm inside or outside termination(s)

∆ Order of lengths and quantities of HVSC Plus (if multiple lengths on one drum), will be

shown on the side of the cable drum(s)

LPI Guardian Plus Installation

All site and safety requirements must be followed during the installation of the LPI Guardian Plus System. The correct order of installation is as follows:

1. Installation of the lightning earth.

2. Installation of the HVSC Plus downconductor.

3. Preparation of the lower termination of the HVSC Plus downconductor and connection to the lightning earth.

4. Preparation of the upper termination of the HVSC Plus downconductor and connection to the Guardian Plus terminal.

5. Preparation and raising of the mast into position.

Notes:

∆ The installation must comply with all of the relevant local standards and regulations ∆ If the Guardian Plus terminal needs to be raised prior to connection to the lightning

earth or immediate connection is not possible, then connect the lower end of the downconductor to structural steel reinforcing or another suitable earth point

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BASE OF MAST PIPE

MOUNTING BOLT & STAINLESS STEEL WASHER

COPPER TAPE

BASE OF MAST PIPE

MOUNTING BOLT & STAINLESS STEEL WASHER

COMPRESSION LUG

COPPER CABLE

LPI SADDLES FOR CANTILEVER MAST

LPI GUARDIAN PLUS GI TERMINAL

THREADED GI ADAPTOR (FEMALE THREAD 2 INCH BSP)

MAST ASSEMBLY WITH GI ADAPTOR

LPI LOWER TERMINATION KIT

LPI EARTHING SYSTEM

LPI EARTH ENHANCING MATERIAL

LPI INSPECTION PIT

IMPORTANT:

One Third of the mast height must be securely fixed to the structure. Guardian Plus Terminal to be a minimum of 2 metres above the highest point of the building or rooftop objects. Recommended clearance height = 5 metres.

Figure 2.

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Figure 3.

LPI GUARDIAN PLUS TERMINAL

LPI FRP SUPPORT MAST

LPI INLINE COUPLING

LPI CABLE TIES

LPI HVSC PLUS DOWNCONDUCTOR

LPI U-BOLT

LPI BEAM CLAMP AND CABLE SUPPORT

LPI LIGHTNING STRIKE RECORDER

LPI LOWER TERMINATION KIT

LPI EARTHING SYSTEM

LPI EARTH ENHANCING MATERIAL

LPI INSPECTION PIT

LPI LOWER MAST ASSEMBLY

LPI U-BOLT

IMPORTANT:

One Third of the mast height must be securely fixed to the structure. Guardian Plus Terminal to be a minimum of 2 metres above the highest point of the building or attached objects. Recommended clearance height = 5 metres.

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FOOTING

LPI LOWER TERMINATION KIT

LPI EARTHING SYSTEM

LPI EARTH ENHANCING MATERIAL

LPI INSPECTION PIT

TERMINATION OF DOWNCONDUCTOR

TO EARTH

LPI GUARDIAN PLUS TERMINAL

LPI FRP SUPPORT MAST

LPI HVSC PLUS DOWNCONDUCTOR OR LPI COPPER TAPE (DOWNCONDUCTOR TO BE RUN INTERNALLY)

FREESTANDING MAST

CABLE SOCK LOCATED INSIDE FREESTANDING MAST, ATTACHED TO WELDED LUG AT TOP VIA SHACKLE

SHACKLE

INTERNAL SPIGOT 59mm OD FOR SLIDING FIT

M6 x 10 PAN HEAD SCREWS 3 PLACES AT 120°

CABLE SOCK

DETAIL

SPIGOT

DETAIL

3 HOLES DRILLED ON SITE, Ø 6.5 SPACED AT 120°

WELDED LUG

Figure 4.

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Figure 5.

LPI INSPECTION KIT

LPI GUARDIAN PLUS GI TERMINAL

FOOTING

LPI LOWER TERMINATION KIT

LPI EARTHING SYSTEM

LPI EARTH ENHANCING MATERIAL

BONDING OF METALLIC

MAST TO EARTH

MAST CONVEYS LIGHTNING ENERGY TO EARTH

FREESTANDING MAST

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Installation of the Lightning Earth

Before installation of the lightning protection earth, consult site drawings of underground services so that these are not damaged during installation of the earthing system.

An earth of ≤ 10 W is generally required for the successful operation of LPI Guardian Plus terminal.

For standalone Guardian Plus installations, LPI recommends the installation of a radial lightning earth, as shown in Figure 6.

∆ The minimum earthing system comprises 3 x 10 metre radials, typically utilising 25 x 3 mm

copper tape

∆ Each radial must be installed in a trench with approximate dimensions 500 mm (depth) x

200 mm (width)

∆ An earth rod should be driven at the end of each radial. The depth of the earth rod length

should be tailored to the soil resistivity proﬁle of the installation location

∆ The earth rod material should also be matched with the local conditions, i.e., typically

copper-bonded steel, but stainless steel may be required in more aggressive soils

∆ The use of earth rod clamps to ﬁx the tape to rods is recommended

Note: If space constraints do not permit the installation of a radial earth system per above, consult with LPI or an authorised distributor for further advice.

If the Guardian Plus is installed within an earth grid, e.g., in a substation, then the earth grid can substitute the radials. However, an earth rod of suitable depth must be installed at the base of the mast supporting the Guardian Plus air terminal.

Some of the practical aspects of the lightning earth installation are as follows:

∆ Waterprooﬁng mastic tape should be used on all mechanical connections ∆ The use of earth enhancing compounds is recommended around all earth electrodes

installed, e.g., LPI RESLO, LPI SRIM or LPI GRIP, especially in areas where soil resistivity is moderate to high

∆ An earth pit should be installed where the end of the downconductor terminates to the

lightning earth (see Figure 6). The earth pit provides an access point for disconnection and future testing of the earthing system

∆ When installing the earth rods, use driving heads to prevent mushrooming of the top of the

rod and when using coupled rods. Use a post or picket driver

Note: do not connect the lower termination of the downconductor to the earthing system at this point in time.

+ 33 hidden pages

Lightning Protection International GUARDIAN PLUS Installation Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual