Libelium Waspmote Plug & Sense! Series, Waspmote Plug & Sense! Smart Cities, Waspmote Plug & Sense! Smart Agriculture PRO, Waspmote Plug & Sense! Smart Agriculture Xtreme, Waspmote Plug & Sense! Smart Parking Technical Manual

Waspmote Plug & Sense!

Technical Guide

Index

Document version: v8.6 - 05/2019
© Libelium Comunicaciones Distribuidas S.L.

INDEX

1. General and safety information ..........................................................................................6

2. Important: Read before use.................................................................................................7

3. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................8

4. Waspmote vs Waspmote Plug & Sense! ..............................................................................9

5. General view ........................................................................................................................ 10

5.1. Specications ................................................................................................................................... 10

5.2. Parts included .................................................................................................................................. 13

5.3. Identication .................................................................................................................................... 14

6. Sensor probes ...................................................................................................................... 16

6.1. Sensor probes types ....................................................................................................................... 18

6.2. Extension cord ................................................................................................................................. 27

7. Internal sensors ..................................................................................................................29

7.1. Accelerometer ................................................................................................................................. 29

8. Radio modules ..................................................................................................................... 30

8.1. XBee-PRO 802.15.4 ......................................................................................................................... 31

8.2. XBee ZigBee 3 .................................................................................................................................. 33

8.3. XBee 868LP ...................................................................................................................................... 35

8.4. XBee-PRO 900HP ............................................................................................................................. 36

8.5. LoRaWAN modules ......................................................................................................................... 37

8.6. Sigfox modules ................................................................................................................................ 39

8.7. WiFi PRO module ............................................................................................................................ 41

8.8. 4G module ....................................................................................................................................... 42

9. Industrial Protocols ............................................................................................................44

10. GPS module ........................................................................................................................ 46

11. Internal storage ................................................................................................................47

12. On/o button ....................................................................................................................48

12.1. External LED .................................................................................................................................. 49

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Index

13. Resetting Waspmote Plug & Sense! with an external magnet ....................................50

14. USB port .............................................................................................................................52

14.1. Outdoors USB Cable ..................................................................................................................... 54

14.2. External SIM/USB socket .............................................................................................................. 55

15. External solar panel ..........................................................................................................58

16. External Battery Module .................................................................................................. 60

16.1. Technical specications................................................................................................................ 60

16.2. Operating modes .......................................................................................................................... 63

17. Vent plug / Pressure Compensator ................................................................................. 65

18. Antenna ..............................................................................................................................66

18.1. Antennas for the Plug & Sense! 4G model ................................................................................. 67

18.2. Antennas for Plug & Sense! GPS-ready models ........................................................................ 68

19. Sensor protection .............................................................................................................70

19.1. Special probes ............................................................................................................................... 70

20. Battery ...............................................................................................................................70

21. Models ................................................................................................................................ 71

21.1. Smart Environment PRO .............................................................................................................. 72

21.2. Smart Security ............................................................................................................................... 74

21.3. Smart Water................................................................................................................................... 76

21.4. Smart Water Xtreme ..................................................................................................................... 78

21.5. Smart Water Ions .......................................................................................................................... 80

21.6. Smart Parking ................................................................................................................................ 83

21.7. Smart Agriculture PRO ................................................................................................................. 84

21.8. Smart Agriculture Xtreme ............................................................................................................ 86

21.9. Ambient Control ............................................................................................................................ 89

21.10. Smart Cities PRO ......................................................................................................................... 91

21.11. Radiation Control ........................................................................................................................ 93

21.12. 4-20 mA Current Loop ................................................................................................................ 94

22. Programming .................................................................................................................... 95

22.1. Real time Clock - RTC .................................................................................................................... 95

22.2. Interruptions ................................................................................................................................. 96

22.3. Watchdog ....................................................................................................................................... 96

22.3.1. RTC Watchdog for reseting Waspmote ..........................................................................96

23. Programming Cloud Service ............................................................................................97

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Index

24. Uploading code ..................................................................................................................98

25. Over the air programming – OTA .................................................................................. 104

25.1. Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 104

25.2. OTA with 4G/WiFi modules via FTP .......................................................................................... 104

25.2.1. Setting the FTP server conguration ........................................................................... 105

26. Encryption libraries ........................................................................................................106

27. Interacting with Waspmote ........................................................................................... 107

27.1. Receiving XBee frames with Waspmote Gateway ................................................................... 107

27.1.1. Waspmote Gateway ....................................................................................................... 107

27.1.2. Linux receiver ................................................................................................................. 108

27.1.3. Windows receiver ........................................................................................................... 112

27.1.4. Mac-OS receiver ............................................................................................................. 114

29. Installation ......................................................................................................................120

29.1. Parts .............................................................................................................................................. 120

29.2. Street Light installation .............................................................................................................. 123

29.2.1. External solar panel ....................................................................................................... 123

29.3. Wall installation ........................................................................................................................... 126

29.3.1. External solar panel ....................................................................................................... 126

30. Energy Consumption ......................................................................................................128

30.1. Consumption tables ................................................................................................................... 128

30.2. Energy system ............................................................................................................................. 128

30.2.1. Concepts .......................................................................................................................... 128

30.2.2. Sleep mode ..................................................................................................................... 130

30.2.3. Deep Sleep mode ........................................................................................................... 131

30.3. Lifetime of the sensors ............................................................................................................... 131

31. Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 132

32. Documentation changelog ............................................................................................133

33. Certications ................................................................................................................... 135

33.1. General overview ........................................................................................................................ 135

33.2. CE (Europe) .................................................................................................................................. 135

33.2.1. Waspmote Plug & Sense! 802.15.4 EU ......................................................................... 136

33.2.2. Waspmote Plug & Sense! 868 ....................................................................................... 136

33.2.3. Waspmote Plug & Sense! WiFi ...................................................................................... 136

33.2.4. Waspmote Plug & Sense! 4G EU/BR ............................................................................. 137

33.2.5. Waspmote Plug & Sense! Sigfox EU ............................................................................. 137

33.2.6. Waspmote Plug & Sense! LoRaWAN EU ...................................................................... 137

33.3. FCC (USA) ..................................................................................................................................... 138

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33.4. IC (Canada) ................................................................................................................................... 139

33.5. ANATEL (Brazil) ............................................................................................................................ 139

33.6. RCM (Australia) ............................................................................................................................ 140

33.7. Use of equipment characteristics ............................................................................................ 141

34. Maintenance ....................................................................................................................142

35. Disposal and recycling ....................................................................................................143

36. Resources ......................................................................................................................... 144

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General and safety information

1. General and safety information

Important:

• All documents and any examples they contain are provided as-is and are subject to change without notice.
Except to the extent prohibited by law, Libelium makes no express or implied representation or warranty of

any kind with regard to the documents, and specically disclaims the implied warranties and conditions of
merchantability and tness for a particular purpose.

• The information on Libelium’s websites has been included in good faith for general informational purposes

only. It should not be relied upon for any specic purpose and no representation or warranty is given as to its

accuracy or completeness.

• Read carefully Limited Warranty and Terms and Conditions of Use before using “Waspmote Plug & Sense!”.

• Do not open casing and do not damage black warranty stickers. If you do so, you will lose warranty.

• Do not remove any of the connectors.

• Do not allow contact between metallic objects and electronic parts to avoid injury and burns.

• Never immerse equipment in any liquid.

• Keep equipment within temperature range indicated in recommendation section.

• Do not connect or power equipment using cables that have been damaged.

• Place equipment in an area to which only maintenance personnel can have access (in a restricted access zone).

• In any case keep children away from the equipment.

• If there is a power failure, immediately disconnect from the mains.

• If using a battery whether or not in combination with a solar panel as a power source follow the voltage and

current specications indicated in the section “External solar panel connector”.

• If a software failure occurs, contact Libelium technical support before doing any action by yourself.

• Do not place equipment on trees or plants as they could be damaged by its weight.

• Be particularly careful if you are connected through a software interface for handling the machine; if settings
of that interface are incorrectly altered, it could become inaccessible.

• If you need to clean the node, wipe it with a dry towel.

• If Waspmote Plug & Sense! needs to be returned please send it completely dry and free from contaminants.

• Waspmote Plug & Sense! is not designed to be placed in hard environmental conditions, under dangerous

chemical elements, explosive atmospheres with ammable gases, high voltage installations or special

installations. Please contact Libelium technical support to ensure your application is compatible with
Waspmote Plug & Sense!

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Important: Read before use

2. Important: Read before use

The following list shows just some of the actions that produce the most common failures and warranty-voiding.
Complete documentation about usage can be found at http://www.libelium.com/development. Failure to comply
with the recommendations of use will entail the warranty cancellation.

Software:

• Upload code only using Waspmote IDE. If a dierent IDE is used, Waspmote can be damaged and can become
unresponsive. This use is not covered under warranty.

• Do not unplug any connector while uploading code. Waspmote can become unresponsive. This use is not
covered under warranty.

• Do not connect or disconnect any connector while Waspmote is on. Waspmote can become unstable or
unresponsive, and internal parts can be damaged. This fact is not covered under warranty.

Hardware:

• Do not handle black stickers seals on both sides of the enclosure ( Warranty stickers). Their integrity is the
proof that Waspmote Plug & Sense! has not been opened. If they have been handled, damaged or broken, the
warranty is void.

• Do not open Waspmote Plug & Sense! in any case. This will automatically make the warranty void.

• Do not handle the four metallic screws of Waspmote Plug & Sense!. They ensure waterproof seal.

• Do not submerge Waspmote Plug & Sense! in liquids.

• Do not place nodes on places or equipment where it could be exposed to shocks and/or big vibrations.

• Do not expose Waspmote Plug & Sense! to temperatures below -20 ºC or above 60 ºC.

• Do not power Waspmote with other power sources than the original provided by Libelium. Voltage and current
maximum ratings can be exceeded, stopping Waspmote working and voiding warranty.

• Do not try to extract, screw, break or move Waspmote Plug & Sense! connectors far from necessary usage,
waterproof sealing can be damaged and warranty will be voided.

• For more information: http://www.libelium.com

• Do not connect any sensor on the solar panel connector and also do not connect the solar panel to any of
sensor connectors. Waspmote can be damaged and warranty void.

• Do not connect any sensor not provided by Libelium.

• Do not place Waspmote Plug & Sense! where water can reach internal parts of sensors.

• Do not get the magnet close to a metal object. The magnet is really powerful and will get stuck.

• Do not place the magnet close to electronic devices, like PCs, batteries, etc, they could be damaged, or
information could be deleted.

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Introduction

3. Introduction

This guide explains the features related to our product line Plug & Sense! v15, released on October 2016.

If you are using previous versions of our products, please use the corresponding guides, available on our

Development website.

You can get more information about the generation change on the document “New generation of Libelium product

lines”.

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Waspmote vs Waspmote Plug & Sense!

4. Waspmote vs Waspmote Plug & Sense!

Waspmote is the original line in which developers have a total control over the hardware device. You can physically
access to the board and connect new sensors or even embed it in your own products as an electronic sensor
device.

The Waspmote Plug & Sense! line allows developers to forget about electronics and focus on services and
applications. You can deploy wireless sensor networks in an easy and scalable way ensuring minimum maintenance

costs. The platform consists of a robust waterproof enclosure with specic external sockets to connect the

sensors, the solar panel, the antenna and even the USB cable in order to reprogram the node. It has been specially
designed to be scalable, easy to deploy and maintain.

Figure: Waspmote

Figure: Waspmote Plug & Sense!

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General view

5. General view

This section shows main parts of Waspmote Plug & Sense! and a brief description of each one. In later sections
all parts will be described deeply.

5.1. Specications

• Material: polycarbonate

• Sealing: polyurethane

• Cover screws: stainless steel

• Ingress protection: IP65

• Impact resistance: IK08

• Rated insulation voltage AC: 690 V

• Rated insulation voltage DC: 1000 V

• Heavy metals-free: Yes

• Weatherproof: true - nach UL 746 C

• Ambient temperature (min.): -30 °C*

• Ambient temperature (max.): 70 °C*

• Approximated weight: 800 g

*

Temporary extreme temperatures are supported. Regular recommended usage: -20, +60 ºC.

In the pictures included below it is shown a general view of Waspmote Plug & Sense! main parts. Some elements

are dedicated to node control, others are designated to sensor connection and other parts are just identication

elements. All of them will be described along this guide.

164 mm

85 mm

124 mm

175 mm

410 mm

122 mm

160 mm

Figure: Main view of Waspmote Plug & Sense!

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Figure: Control side of the enclosure

General view

Figure: Control side of the enclosure for 4G model

Figure: Sensor side of the enclosure

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Figure: Antenna side of the enclosure

General view

Figure: Front view of the enclosure

Figure: Back view of the enclosure

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Figure: Warranty stickers of the enclosure

General view

Important note: Do not handle black stickers seals of the enclosure (Warranty stickers). Their integrity is the proof
that Waspmote Plug & Sense! has not been opened. If they have been handled, damaged or broken, the warranty is
automatically void.

5.2. Parts included

Next picture shows Waspmote Plug & Sense! and all of its elements. Some of them are optional accessories that
may not be included.

1

9

8

5

6

2

7

10

4

Figure: Waspmote Plug & Sense! accessories: 1 enclosure, 2 sensor probes, 3 external solar panel, 4 USB cable, 5 antenna, 6 cable ties,
7 mounting feet (screwed to the enclosure), 8 extension cord, 9 solar panel cable, 10 wall plugs & screws

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3

5.3. Identication

Each Waspmote model is identied by stickers. Next gure shows front sticker.

Model identication colour

General view

Enclosure model

Figure: Front sticker of the enclosure

There are many congurations of Waspmote Plug & Sense! line, all of them identied by one unique sticker. Next

image shows all possibilities.

Figure: Dierent front stickers

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General view

Moreover, Waspmote Plug & Sense! includes a back sticker where it is shown identication numbers, radio MAC

addresses, etc. It is highly recommended to annotate this information and save it for future maintenance. Next

gure shows it in detail.

Figure: Back sticker

Sensor probes are identied too by a sticker showing the measured parameter and the sensor manufacturer

reference.

Measure

parameter

CO - TGS2442

Figure: Sensor

Figure: reference

Figure: Sensor probe identication sticker

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Sensor probes

6. Sensor probes

All sensing capabilities of Waspmote Plug & Sense! are provided by sensor probes. Each sensor probe contains one
sensor, some necessary protections against outdoor environmental conditions and a waterproof male connector.

The standard length of a sensor probe is about 150 mm, including waterproof connector, but it could vary due to
some sensors need special dimensions. Weight of a standard probe rounds 20 g, but there are some special cases
which this weight can rise.

Sensor probes are designed to be used in vertical position (with sensor looking to the ground). In this position, the

protection cap of each sensor probe is eective against bad weather conditions.

Each model has six dedicated sockets to connect sensor probes. They are located in the sensor side, as shown
below. Each socket has a protecting cap. When one of the six sensor connectors is not used, be sure the cap is
screwed to protect the connector.

Figure: Enclosure sensor side with protection caps

Each sensor socket is identied by a letter from A to F (see picture below). The user should understand that each
sensor probe should go in a dedicated socket, due to each sensor has dierent power requirements (current and

voltage levels), dedicated circuitry, etc. So please see corresponding section about where to connect each probe.

Always be sure you connected probes in the right socket, otherwise they can be damaged.

Never connect a sensor not provided by Libelium to any of the sensor connectors. The electronics system inside
can be damaged and the warranty will be automatically void.

Figure: Enclosure sensor side without protection caps

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Sensor probes

It should be taken into account that any sensor probe connector has only one matching position with a sensor
probe. The user should align the sensor probe connector looking at the little notch of the connector (see image
below). Notice that the sensor connector is male type and the enclosure sensor connector is female type.

Figure: Detail of sensor waterproof connector

Besides that, there is a locking nut which should be screwed till the connector is completely xed to the enclosure.

Figure: Connecting a sensor probe to the enclosure

Please use only sensors ocially provided by Libelium. Any other sensor can damage Waspmote Plug & Sense!

and void the warranty.

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Sensor probes

6.1. Sensor probes types

Libelium provides many dierent sensor probes depending on what is going to be measured. This section

describes main features of each type. If further information is required, please refer for the corresponding sensor
board guide available on Libelium website.

Standard type

This sensor probe is the most common. The sensor is placed inside a plastic cylinder acting as a protection against
rain and water, but allowing sensor interact with environment to measure necessary parameters. Besides, the
sensor is kept always straight and the size and shape of the probes are standardized as maximum as possible.

Figure: Standard sensor probe

Sensor probes of this type are all the gas sensors of the Smart Environment and the Smart Environment PRO
models (except for the temperature, humidity and pressure sensor and the particle matter sensor).

White protection probe

This probe is designed to reduce sunlight eects and prevent from water and rain, but allowing humidity

measurement.

Only the temperature, humidity and pressure sensor include this special protection.

Figure: Temperature, humidity and pressure probe

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Luminosity - LDR probe

This probe is designed to allow sunlight go thought a transparent protection.

Figure: Luminosity probe

Liquid Presence probe (point)

This probe is designed to allow placing the sensor near its application.

Sensor probes

Figure: Liquid Presence probe (point)

Liquid level probe

This probe is designed to measure liquid levels.

Figure: Liquid level probe

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Liquid ow probe

This probe is designed to measure liquid ow through a pipe.

Figure: Liquid ow probe

Hall eect probe

This probe is designed to control the opening of doors, windows, etc.

Sensor probes

Figure: Hall eect probe

Solar radiation probe

This probe is designed to measure solar radiation.

Figure: Solar radiation probe

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Soil temperature probe

This probe is designed to be buried into the ground to measure its temperature.

Figure: Soil temperature probe

Soil moisture probe

This probe is designed to be buried into the ground to measure its moisture.

Sensor probes

Figure: Soil moisture probe

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Dendrometer probe

This probe is designed to measure trunk, stem and fruit diameter of vegetables.

Sensor probes

Figure: Dendrometer probe

Leaf wetness probe

This probe is designed to measure wetness on vegetable leafs.

Figure: Leaf wetness probe

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Weather Station WS-3000 probe

This probe is designed to measure wind direction, wind speed and rain.

Sensor probes

Figure: Weather Station WS-3000 probe

Liquid Presence probe (line)

This probe is designed to allow placing the sensor near its application.

Figure: Liquid Presence probe (line)

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Sensor probes

Directionable type

This type of probe is only for some sensors. The sensor is placed inside a plastic modular hose that allows us to
point them where we want to measure with it.

Figure: Congurations of directionable sensor probes

-24- v8.6

Sensor probes of this type are:

• Presence - PIR directionable probe

This probe is designed to allow infrared light trough a lens, necessary for presence applications.

Figure: Presence (PIR) directionable probe

• Ultrasound sensor directionable probe

This probe is designed to measure distances using ultrasonic waves.

Sensor probes

Figure: Ultrasound directionable probe

• Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) directionable probe

This probe is designed to measure luxes indoors and outdoors.

Figure: Luminosity (luxes accuracy) directionable probe

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Sensor probes

• Terminal box probe

This probe allow access to the 4-20 mA current loop board signals, to the relay contacts on Smart Security models
(max 30 VDC, 1 A) and also to allow access to the optional Industrial Protocols feature (RS-485, Modbus and CAN
Bus) in the Waspmote Plug & Sense! encapsulated line. A waterproof terminal block junction box is provided as a
probe, making the connections on industrial environments or outdoor applications easier.

Figure: Terminal box probe

• DB9 probe

The DB9 connector is commonly used in many applications with data transmission on industrial ambients.
Libelium provides this probe with a standard DB9 female connector and a length of 1.5 meters.

Figure: DB9 probe

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Sensor probes

6.2. Extension cord

This element is used when one sensor needs to be placed far from the node. Two lengths are available: 1.5 and
3 m. Next picture shows an extension cord.

Figure: Extension cord accessory

The extension cord has a female and a male connector. The rst one (female) should be connected to the sensor

probe. Next picture shows that.

Figure: Connecting a probe with an extension cord

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Moreover, the male connector should be connected to the enclosure as shown below.

Sensor probes

Figure: Connecting an extension cord to the enclosure

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Internal sensors

7. Internal sensors

7.1. Accelerometer

Waspmote has a built-in acceleration sensor which informs the mote of acceleration variations experienced on
each one of the 3 axes (X, Y, Z). The integration of this sensor allows the measurement of acceleration on the 3
axes (X, Y, Z), establishing 2 kinds of events: Free Fall and Direction Detection Change.

Z

Y

X

Figure: Axis direction in Waspmote Plug & Sense!

Complete information can be found in the Accelerometer Programming Guide.

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8. Radio modules

Waspmote Plug & Sense! may integrate many radio modules for wireless communications.

Radio modules

Radio Protocol

XBee-PRO 802.15.4

EU

XBee-PRO 802.15.4 802.15.4 2.4 GHz 18 dBm -100 dBm 1600 m

XBee ZigBee 3 ZigBee 3 2.4 GHz 8 dBm -103 dBm 1200 m CE

XBee 868LP RF 868 MHz 14 dBm -106 dBm 8.4 km CE

XBee 900HP US RF 900 MHz 24 dBm -110 dBm 15.5 km FCC, IC

XBee 900HP BR RF 900 MHz 24 dBm -110 dBm 15.5 km ANATEL

XBee 900HP AU RF 900 MHz 24 dBm -110 dBm 15.5 km RCM

WiFi

4G EU/BR

4G US v2

4G AU

Sigfox EU Sigfox 868 MHz 16 dBm -126 dBm

Sigfox US Sigfox 900 MHz 24 dBm -127 dBm

802.15.4 2.4 GHz 10 dBm -100 dBm 750 m CE

WiFi

(HTTP(S),
FTP, TCP,

UDP)

4G/3G/2G

(HTTP, FTP,

TCP, UDP)

GPS

4G/3G

(HTTP, FTP,

TCP, UDP)

4G

(HTTP, FTP,

TCP, UDP)

Frequency

bands

2.4 GHz 17 dBm -94 dBm 500 m

800, 850, 900,

1800, 2100, 2600

MHz

700, 850, 1700,

1900 MHz

700, 1800, 2600

MHz

Transmission

power

4G: class 3

(0.2 W, 23 dBm)

4G: class 3

(0.2 W, 23 dBm)

4G: class 3

(0.2 W, 23 dBm)

Sensitivity Range*

4G: -102

dBm

4G: -103

dBm

4G: -102

dBm

- km - Typical
base station

range

- km - Typical
base station

range

- km - Typical
base station

range

- km - Typical
base station

range

- km - Typical
base station

range

Certication

FCC, IC,

ANATEL, RCM

CE, FCC, IC,

ANATEL, RCM

CE, ANATEL

FCC, IC, PTCRB,

AT&T

RCM

FCC, IC

CE

LoRaWAN EU LoRaWAN 868 MHz 14 dBm -136 dBm > 15 km CE

LoRaWAN US LoRaWAN 900 MHz 18.5 dBm -136 dBm > 15 km FCC, IC

LoRaWAN AU LoRaWAN 915-928 MHz 18.5 dBm -136 dBm > 15 km -

LoRaWAN IN LoRaWAN 865-867 MHz 18.5 dBm -136 dBm > 15 km

* Line of sight, Fresnel zone clearance and 5dBi dipole antenna.

-

These modules have been chosen for their high receiving sensitivity and transmission power, as well as for being

802.15.4 compliant (XBee-802.15.4 model) and ZigBee-Pro v2007 compliant (XBee-ZB model).

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8.1. XBee-PRO 802.15.4

Radio modules

Radio version Frequency

XBee-PRO 802.15.4 EU

XBee-PRO 802.15.4 18 dBm 1600 m

* To determine your range, perform a range test under your operating conditions

The frequency used is the free band of 2.4 GHz, using 12 channels with a bandwidth of 5 MHz per channel.

Figure: Frequency channels in the 2.4 GHz band

2.4 GHz

Channel Number Frequency

0x0C – Channel 12 2.405 – 2.410 GHz

0x0D – Channel 13 2.410 – 2.415 GHz

Transmission

power

10 dBm

Sensitivity Range*

-100 dBm

750 m

0x0E – Channel 14 2.415 – 2.420 GHz

0x0F – Channel 15 2.420 – 2.425 GHz

0x10 – Channel 16 2.425 – 2.430 GHz

0x11 – Channel 17 2.430 – 2.435 GHz

0x12 – Channel 18 2.435 – 2.440 GHz

0x13 – Channel 19 2.440 – 2.445 GHz

0x14 – Channel 20 2.445 – 2.450 GHz

0x15 – Channel 21 2.450 – 2.455 GHz

0x16 – Channel 22 2.455 – 2.460 GHz

0x17 – Channel 23 2.460 – 2.465 GHz

Figure: Channels used by the XBee modules in 2.4GHz

The XBee-PRO 802.15.4 modules comply with the standard IEEE 802.15.4 which denes the physical level and the
link level (MAC layer). The XBee modules add certain functionalities to those contributed by the standard, such as:

• Node discovery: certain information has been added to the packet headers so that they can discover other
nodes on the same network. It allows a node discovery message to be sent, so that the rest of the network

nodes respond indicating their data (Node Identier, @MAC, @16 bits, RSSI).

• Duplicated packet detection: This functionality is not set out in the standard and is added by the XBee
modules.

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Radio modules

The classic topology of this type of network is a star topology, as the nodes establish point to point connections
with brother nodes through the use of parameters such as the MAC or network address.

Figure: Star topology

Regarding the transmission power, it can be adjusted to several values depending on the radio version:

Parameter XBee-PRO 802.15.4 XBee-PRO 802.15.4

EU

0 10 dBm -3 dBm

1 12 dBm -3 dBm

2 14 dBm 2 dBm

3 16 dBm 8 dBm

4 18 dBm 10 dBm

Figure: Transmission power values

Related API libraries: WaspXBeeCore.h, WaspXBeeCore.cpp, WaspXBee802.h, WaspXBee802.cpp

All information about their programming and operation can be found in the 802.15.4 Networking Guide.

All the documentation is located in the Development section in the Libelium website.

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8.2. XBee ZigBee 3

Radio version Frequency Transmission power Sensitivity Range*

XBee ZigBee 3 2.4 GHz 8 dBm -103 dBm 1200 m

* To determine your range, perform a range test under your operating conditions

Figure: XBee ZigBee 3

Radio modules

As the ZigBee standard is supported in the IEEE 802.15.5 link layer, it uses the same channels as described in the
previous section, with the peculiarity that the XBee ZigBee 3 model limits the number of channels to 16.

The XBee ZigBee 3 modules comply with the ZigBee 3.0 standard. These modules add certain functionalities to
those contributed by ZigBee, such as:

• Node discovery: some headings are added so that other nodes within the same network can be discovered.
It allows a node discovery message to be sent, so that the rest of the network nodes respond indicating their

specic information (Node Identier, @MAC, @16 bits, RSSI).

• Duplicated packet detection: This functionality is not set out in the standard and is added by the XBee modules.

The topologies in which these modules can be used are: star and tree.

Figure: Star topology

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Radio modules

Figure: Tree topology

Related API libraries: WaspXBeeCore.h, WaspXBeeCore.cpp, WaspXBeeZB.h, WaspXBeeZB.cpp.

All information about their programming and operation can be found in the ZigBee Networking Guide.

All the documentation is located in the Development section in the Libelium website.

-34- v8.6

8.3. XBee 868LP

Radio modules

Radio

version

XBee 868LP 863 - 870 MHz 14 dBm -106 dBm 8.4 km

* To determine your range, perform a range test under your operating conditions

Note: The XBee 868 MHz module is provided with 4.5dBi antenna, which enables maximum range.

The frequency used is the 868 MHz band, using 30 software selectable channels. Channels are spaced 100 kHz
apart. The transmission rate is 10 kbps.

The classic topology for this type of network is a star topology, as the nodes can establish point-to-point
connections with brother nodes through the use of the MAC address.

Frequency Transmission power Sensitivity Range*

Figure: Star topology

Regarding the transmission power, it can be adjusted to several values:

Parameter XBee 868LP

0 3 dBm

1 7 dBm

2 10 dBm

3 12 dBm

4 14 dBm

Figure: Transmission power values

Related API libraries: WaspXBeeCore.h, WaspXBeeCore.cpp, WaspXBee868LP.h, WaspXBee868LP.cpp

All information about their programming and operation can be found in the 868 Networking Guide.

All the documentation is located in the Development section in the Libelium website.

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Radio modules

8.4. XBee-PRO 900HP

Radio version Frequency Transmission power Sensitivity Range*

XBee-PRO 900HP US 902 - 928 MHz

902 - 906.8 MHz

915.6 - 928 MHz

XBee-PRO 900HP AU 915.6 - 928 MHz

* To determine your range, perform a range test under your operating conditions

The frequency used is the 900 MHz band, using 64 software selectable channels. Channels are spaced 400 kHz

apart. The transmission rate is 10 kbps. There are dierent versions of the XBee 900HP: USA & Canada, Brazil and

Australia.

The dierent versions dier mainly in the available channels, which are hard-coded in the XBee. Be aware that it is
not possible to change from one version to other with just a rmware change. According to the country where

the user is located, a dierent version must be chosen.

The classic topology for this type of network is a star topology, as the nodes can establish point-to-point connections
with brother nodes through the use of parameters such as the MAC address or that of the network.

24 dBm -110 dBm 15.5 kmXBee-PRO 900HP BR

Figure: Star topology

API libraries: WaspXBeeCore.h, WaspXBeeCore.cpp, WaspXBee900HP.h, WaspXBee900HP.cpp
All information about their programming and operation can be found in the 900 Networking Guide.
All the documentation is located in the Development section in the Libelium website.

-36- v8.6

Radio modules

8.5. LoRaWAN modules

LoRaWAN is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) specication intended for wireless battery-operated

devices in regional, national or global network. LoRaWAN target key requirements of Internet of things such
as secure bi-directional communication, mobility and localization services. This standard will provide seamless
interoperability among smart Things without the need of complex local installations and gives back the freedom
to the user, developer, businesses enabling the role out of Internet of Things.

LoRaWAN network architecture is typically laid out in a star-of-stars topology in which gateways is a transparent
bridge relaying messages between end-devices and a central network server in the back-end. Gateways
are connected to the network server via standard IP connections while end-devices use single-hop wireless
communication to one or many gateways.

Figure: LoRaWAN network

Communication between end-devices and gateways is spread out on dierent frequency channels and data rates.
The selection of the data rate is a trade-o between communication range and message duration. Due to the
spread spectrum technology, communications with dierent data rates do not interfere with each other and

create a set of “virtual” channels increasing the capacity of the gateway. To maximize both battery life of the end­devices and overall network capacity, the LoRaWAN network server is managing the data rate and RF output for
each end-device individually by means of an adaptive data rate (ADR) scheme.

National wide networks targeting Internet of Things such as critical infrastructure, condential personal data or

critical functions for the society has a special need for secure communication. This has been solved by several
layer of encryption.

Protocol: LoRaWAN 1.0, Class A
LoRaWAN-ready
Frequency:

• LoRaWAN EU module: 868 MHz and 433 MHz ISM bands

• LoRaWAN US module: 902-928 MHz ISM band

• LoRaWAN AU module: 915-928 MHz ISM band

• LoRaWAN IN module: 865-867 MHz ISM band

• LoRaWAN ASIA-PAC / LATAM module: 923 MHz ISM band

TX power:

• LoRaWAN EU module: up to 14 dBm

• LoRaWAN US module: up to 18.5 dBm

• LoRaWAN AU module: up to 18.5 dBm

• LoRaWAN IN module: up to 18.5 dBm

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Radio modules

• LoRaWAN ASIA-PAC / LATAM module: up to 18.5 dBm

Sensitivity: down to -136 dBm
Range: >15 km at suburban and >5 km at urban area. Typically, each base station covers some km. Check the

LoRaWAN Network in your area.

Chipset consumption:

• LoRaWAN EU module: 38.9 mA

• LoRaWAN US module: 124.4 mA

• LoRaWAN AU module: 124.4 mA

• LoRaWAN IN module: 124.4 mA

• LoRaWAN ASIA-PAC / LATAM module: 124.4 mA

Radio data rate:

• LoRaWAN EU module: from 250 to 5470 bps

• LoRaWAN US module: from 250 to 12500 bps

• LoRaWAN AU module: from 250 to 12500 bps

• LoRaWAN IN module: from 250 to 12500 bps

• LoRaWAN ASIA-PAC / LATAM module: from 250 to 12500 bps

Receiver: purchase your own base station or use networks from LoRaWAN operators

Related API libraries: WaspLoRaWAN.h, WaspLoRaWAN.cpp
All the information about their programming and operation can be found in the LoRaWAN Networking Guide

available at Development section of Libelium website.

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Radio modules

8.6. Sigfox modules

Sigfox is a private company that aims to build a worldwide network especially designed for IoT devices. The

network is cellular, with thousands of base stations deployed in each country. Sigfox technology oers very long

ranges for low-power, battery-constrained nodes. Sigfox is great for very simple and autonomous devices which
need to send small amounts of data to this ubiquitous network, taking advantage on the Sigfox infrastructure.

So Sigfox is similar to cellular (GSM-GPRS-3G-4G) but is more energy-ecient, and the annual fees are lower.

Sigfox uses a UNB (Ultra Narrow Band) based radio technology to connect devices to its global network. The use
of UNB is key to providing a scalable, high-capacity network, with very low energy consumption, while maintaining
a simple and easy to rollout star-based cell infrastructure.

• Frequency

- Sigfox EU module: ISM 868 MHz

- Sigfox US module: ISM 900 MHz

- Sigfox AU / APAC / LATAM module: ISM 900 MHz

• TX power

- Sigfox EU module: up to 16 dBm

- Sigfox US module: up to 24 dBm

- Sigfox AU / APAC / LATAM module: up to 24 dBm

• ETSI limitation: 140 messages of 12 bytes, per module per day

• Range: Typically, each base station covers some km. Check the Sigfox network.

• Chipset consumption

- Sigfox EU module: TX 51 mA @ 14 dBm

- Sigfox US module: TX 230 mA @ 24 dBm

- Sigfox AU / APAC / LATAM module: TX 230 mA @ 24 dBm

• Radio data rate: 100 bps

• Receive sensitivity: -126 dBm

• Sigfox certicate: Class 0u (the highest level)

The network operates in the globally available ISM bands (license-free frequency bands) and co-exists in these
frequencies with other radio technologies, but without any risk of collisions or capacity problems.

Sigfox is being rolled out worldwide. It is the responsibility of the system integrator to consult the catalog of SNOs
(Sigfox Network Operators) for checking coverage in the deployment area.

The Sigfox back-end provides a web application interface for device management and conguration of data

integration, as well as standards based web APIs to automate the device management and implement the data
integration.

Figure: Sigfox network

-39- v8.6

Radio modules

Related API libraries: WaspSigfox.h, Waspsigfox.cpp
All information about their programming and operation can be found in the Sigfox Networking Guide.
All the documentation is located in the Development section in the Libelium website.

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Radio modules

8.7. WiFi PRO module

The WiFi PRO module oers and supports large variety of features, for example:

• Ten simultaneous TCP/UDP sockets

• DHCP client/server

• DNS client

• HTTP client

• HTTPS client

• FTP client

• NTP client

• Multiple SSIDs

• Roaming mode

• OTA feature. Refer to the Over the Air Programming Guide for more information.

The WiFi PRO module supports the SSL3/TLS1 protocol for secure sockets. On the WLAN interface it supports WEP,
WPA and WPA2 WiFi encryption.

The WiFi PRO module may connect to any standard router which is congured as Access Point (AP) and then send
data to other devices in the same network such as laptops and smart phones. Besides, they can send data directly
to a web server located on the Internet.

Instead of using a standard WiFi router as AP, the connection may be performed using a Meshlium device as
AP. Meshlium is the multiprotocol router designed by Libelium which is specially recommended for outdoor

applications as it is designed to resist the hardest conditions in real eld deployments. For more information

about Meshlium go to:

http://www.libelium.com/meshlium.

Related API libraries: WaspWiFi_PRO.h, WaspWiFi_PRO.cpp

All information about their programming and operation can be found in the WiFi Networking Guide.

All the documentation is located in the Development section in the Libelium website.

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Radio modules

8.8. 4G module

The 4G module enables the connectivity to high speed LTE, HSPA+, WCDMA cellular networks in order to make
possible the creation of the next level of worldwide compatible projects inside the new “Internet of Things” era.

This communication module is specially oriented to work with Internet servers, implementing internally several
application layer protocols, which make easier to send the information to the cloud. We can make HTTP navigation,

downloading and uploading content to a web server. We can also set secure connections using SSL certicates

and setting TCP/IP private sockets. In the same way, the FTP protocol is also available which is really useful when

your application requires handling les.

The module includes a GPS/GLONASS receiver, able to perform geolocation services using NMEA sentences,

oering information such as latitude, longitude, altitude and speed; that makes it perfect to perform tracking

applications.

The 4G module oers the maximum performance of the 4G network as it uses 2 dierent antennas (normal +

diversity) for reception (MIMO DL 2x2), choosing the best received signal at any time and getting a maximum
download speed of 100 Mbps.

We chose the LE910 chipset family from Telit as it comprises the most complete 4G/LTE set of variants released

up to date. It counts with many dierent models, each one specically designed for one market but all of them

with the same footprint:

• LE910-EU (Europe/Brazil): CE, GCF, ANATEL

• LE910-NAG (US / Canada): FCC, IC, PTCRB, AT&T approved

• LE910-AU V2 (Australia): RCM, Telstra approved → [Available in Q3 2016]

Model: LE910 (Telit)
Versions:

• Europe/Brazil

• America (new v2 in April 2019)

Europe/Brazil version:

• WCDMA: 850/900/2100 MHz

• LTE: 800/1800/2600 MHz

America version:

• 2G: 850/1900 MHz

• WCDMA: 850/1900 MHz

• LTE: 700/850/1700/1900 MHz

Australia version:

• 4G: 700/1800/2600 MHz

LTE (downlink):

• Europe/Brazil version up to 100 Mbps

• America version up to 100 Mbps

LTE (uplink): up to 50 Mbps

TX power:

• Europe/Brazil:

- Class 4 (2 W, 33 dBm) @ GSM 900

- Class 1 (1 W, 30 dBm) @ GSM 1800

- Class E2 (0.5 W, 27 dBm) @ EDGE 900

- Class E2 (0.4 W, 26 dBm) @ EDGE 1800

- Class 3 (0.25 W, 24 dBm) @ UMTS

- Class 3 (0.2 W, 23 dBm) @ LTE

-42- v8.6

• America:

- Class E2 (0.5 W, 27 dBm) @ EDGE 900

- Class E2 (0.4 W, 26 dBm) @ EDGE 1800

- Class 3 (0.25 W, 24 dBm) @ UMTS

- Class 3 (0.2 W, 23 dBm) @ LTE

Antenna connector:

• U.FL for main antenna

• U.FL for cellular diversity antenna

• U.FL for GPS antenna (only for the Europe/Brazil module)

External antenna: +5 dBi

GPS: GPS feature is supported only in the Europe/Brazil version

This module can carry out the following tasks:

• Sending/Receiving SMS

• Multisocket up to 6 TCP/IP and UDP/IP clients

• TCP/IP server

• TCP SSL

• HTTP service

• FTP service (downloading and uploading les)

• Sending/receiving email (SMTP/POP3)

Radio modules

Certications:

• LE910-EUG (Europe / Brazil): CE, GCF, ANATEL

• LE910-NAG (US / Canada): FCC, IC, PTCRB, AT&T approved

• LE910-SKG (South Korea): KCC, SK Telecom approved

• LE910-JN V2 / LE910-JK V2 (Japan): NTT DoCoMo, KDDi

This model uses the UART1 at a baudrate of 115200 bps to communicate with the microcontroller.

Related API libraries: Wasp4G.h, Wasp4G.cpp

All information about programming and operation can be found in the 4G Networking Guide.

All the documentation is located in the Development section of Libelium website.

Note: A rechargeable battery must be always connected when using this module (USB power supply is not enough).

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Industrial Protocols

9. Industrial Protocols

As an optional feature, it is possible to incorporate an Industrial Protocol module as a secondary communication
module, besides the main radio interface of Waspmote Plug & Sense!.

The available Industrial Protocols are RS-485, CAN Bus and Modbus (software layer over RS-485). This optional
feature is accessible through an additional and dedicated socket on the antenna side of the enclosure.

Figure: Industrial Protocols available on Plug & Sense!

The user can choose between 2 probes to connect the desired Industrial Protocol: A standard DB9 connector and
a waterproof terminal block junction box. These options make the connections on industrial environments or
outdoor applications easier.

Figure: DB9 probe connected to Plug & Sense!

-44- v8.6

Industrial Protocols

Figure: Terminal box probe connected to Plug & Sense!

Each Industrial Protocol requires its own signals, wired on the female DB9 connector and on the Terminal box
according to the next table:

RS-485 CAN Bus

Terminal Box DB9 Terminal Box DB9

- - - - 1

- - - - 2

DATA + (A) DATA + (A) CAN_H CAN_H 3

DATA - (B) DATA - (B) - - 4

- - CAN_L CAN_L 5

- - - - 6

- - - - 7

- - - - 8

- - - - 9

Figure: Wiring of Industrial Protocol signals on Plug & Sense!

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GPS module

10. GPS module

Any Plug & Sense! node can incorporate a GPS receiver in order to implement real-time asset tracking applications.
The user can also take advantage of this accessory to geolocate data on a map. An external, waterproof antenna
is provided; its long cable enables better installation for maximum satellite visibility.

Figure: Plug & Sense! node with GPS receiver

Chipset: JN3 (Telit)
Sensitivity:

• Acquisition: -147 dBm

• Navigation: -160 dBm

• Tracking: -163 dBm

Hot start time: <1 s
Cold start time: <35 s

Positional accuracy error < 2.5 m
Speed accuracy < 0.01 m/s
EGNOS, WAAS, GAGAN and MSAS capability

Antenna:

• Cable length: 2 m

• Connector: SMA

• Gain: 26 dBi (active)

Available information: latitude, longitude, altitude, speed, direction, date&time and ephemeris management

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Internal storage

11. Internal storage

Waspmote Plug & Sense! has an internal SD (Secure Digital) card. FAT32 le system is used and cards up to 16 GB

are supported. These cards need the bootloader #J to work properly.

Note: Until February 2018, 2 GB SD cards were distributed; they operated with FAT16. From February to June, they were

8 GB. From June 2018, the nal size is 16 GB.

To get an idea of the capacity of information that can be stored in a 16 GB card, simply divide its size by the
average for what a sensor frame in Waspmote usually occupies (approx. 100 bytes):

16 GB/100 B = 160 million measurements

The limit in les and directories creation per level is 256 les per directory and up to 256 sub-directories in each

directory. There is no limit in the number of nested levels.

The SD card is also used to store the rmware image when performing Over the Air Programming (OTAP).

All information about their programming and operation can be found in the SD Card Programming Guide.

Note: Waspmote must not be switched o or reset while there are ongoing read or write operations in the SD card.

Otherwise, the SD card could be damaged and data could be lost.

-47- v8.6

On/o button

12. On/o button

This button is used to turn on or o Waspmote. It is a latch type button with two static positions as shown below.

In on position, the button remains a bit lower than the LED ring.

Figure: On/o button at o position

Figure: Turning on Waspmote

Note: The on/o button can be in on or o position to charge the battery.

Note: Also, RTC time is now kept correctly even if the button is turned to o position.

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On/o button

12.1. External LED

The on/o button includes a red ring LED, which can be managed by software using dedicated functions described

below. This LED can be used for instance to know that Waspmote is on, or for debugging purposes at developing

phase. By default, Waspmote Plug & Sense! comes with a code that blinks briey (3 times in less than one second)
this LED when it is turned on. The LED can be managed specifying on time or just setting this state with specic

API functions. The user should take into account that the usage of this LED will increase power consumption due
to external LED consumes 4.4 mA.

Figure: Waspmote turned on

External LED ring can be managed with next code lines:

Utils.setExternalLED(LED_ON); // Turns external led ON
Utils.setExternalLED(LED_OFF); // Turns external led OFF

There is also another useful function which blinks external LED during specied time.

Utils.externalLEDBlink(uint_16 time) // Time must be in seconds

Finally, there is an extra function to know the external LED state:

Utils.getExternalLED(); // Read external led state

-49- v8.6

Resetting Waspmote Plug & Sense! with an external magnet

13. Resetting Waspmote Plug & Sense! with an external magnet

Waspmote Plug & Sense! can be reset with an external magnet, with no contact. If one node stops working or if a
defective behavior is detected, it would be costly to uninstall the node to bring it back to laboratory. This feature
allows the network manager to reset the node in a quick and easy way.

The hardware consists of a reed switch connected to the Waspmote reset line. When the user gets the magnet
close to the reed-switch, the reset is activated. When the user moves the magnet away, the reset line is released

(the external LED will blink) and Waspmote executes the bootloader rst and then, the setup function. After the

setup, it will continue with the loop function. Next pictures show the right way to reset the node using an external

magnet, rst moving it closer, and then moving it away.

Figure: Moving the magnet closer to the node

Figure: Moving the magnet away from the node

-50- v8.6

Resetting Waspmote Plug & Sense! with an external magnet

The magnet is made of neodymium. It is a special, high-power magnet. We only advise to use the magnet Libelium
provides. The user must be careful because the magnet is so powerful that it can get stuck to metal objects. Besides,
the magnet must be kept away from electronic devices like PCs, batteries, etc, since they could be damaged or
information could be deleted.

It is not mandatory, but highly recommended to consider this feature when designing the project. Every Plug &
Sense! node comes with the hardware to allow the contacless reset, but the magnet is optional, an accessory. It is
highly recommended to purchase one magnet (one unit is enough for many nodes). The user should design the
software in a way the node can be reset if things go wrong. Remember that laboratory tests are always needed to

validate the feature before your nal deployment.

When the node is already deployed in the eld, and for instance it is installed in a trac light, this feature can be

used to reset the node easily, as it is shown in the diagram below, where a technician uses a pole with the magnet
attached in one side.

Figure: Resetting a Plug & Sense! node with a pole and magnet

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USB port

14. USB port

This connector is used to upload code into Waspmote with a male to male USB cable provided by Libelium. Also,
Plug & Sense! sends messages via this USB port. Just connect one side of the cable to this connector, removing
protection cap and connect the other side to a PC to upload a code or to charge the internal rechargeable battery.
Next picture shows an example.

Figure: USB connector and protective cap

Figure: Connecting the USB cable to Waspmote

-52- v8.6

USB port

When uploading processes are nished, do not forget to screw rmly the protection cap to avoid connector

damage. Never connect a USB which exceed maximum ratings of USB standard.

Figure: Connecting USB charger

For indoor deployments the nodes can be recharged using the USB charger.

Figure: Charging the mote via USB

-53- v8.6

USB port

14.1. Outdoors USB Cable

The Outdoors USB Cable is made for outdoors applications with high power consumption requirements, where
nodes need to be permanently powered. It consists of a 3-meter cable with the solar socket connector on one end,
and a USB male A type on the other end.

The solar socket end is meant to be connected on the solar socket of Plug & Sense!, it is not valid for the sensor
sockets. This special end is waterproof and suitable for outdoors connections.

On the other hand, the USB end of the cable is thought to be connected to the USB charger (AC/DC, 5 V output).
Bear in mind that this end is not waterproof so it cannot be used outdoors. Please protect it accordingly.

Figure: Outdoors USB Cable

One application of the cable is to power a node placed on the facade of a building; the USB cable goes indoors
through a nearby window, and the USB end remains indoors, connected to a wall adapter.

Figure: Application of the Outdoors USB Cable

-54- v8.6

14.2. External SIM/USB socket

The External SIM/USB socket replaces the USB socket in two types of devices:

• Waspmote Plug & Sense! devices with 4G module

• Meshlium devices with 4G module

The External SIM/USB socket is composed of 2 connectors:

• nano-SIM card

• micro-USB (type B)

USB port

Figure: External SIM/USB socket in a Plug & Sense! with 4G module

The operation with the micro-USB socket is just the same than with the normal USB socket. Just remember to use
a micro-USB cable.

Figure: Connecting the micro-USB cable to Plug & Sense!

-55- v8.6

USB port

The nano-SIM card connector allows the user to connect the SIM card he likes from the outside. It is not necessary
to send a SIM card to Libelium for proper installation. You can ask your telecommunication provider for a nano­SIM card. Alternatively you can take a normal SIM card and transform it into a nano-SIM card with a SIM card
cutter.

Besides, the nano-SIM card connector has a push-push mechanism, so it is really easy to remove the card with
the aid of one nail.

Figure: Push-push mechanism in the External SIM/USB socket

Please mind the correct orientation of the nano-SIM card: the side of the chip must look towards the micro-USB
connector, and the 45º-angled corner must face the device.

Figure: Correct orientation of the nano-SIM card

-56- v8.6

USB port

It is highly important to turn o the Plug & Sense! device in a secure way before inserting a SIM card, or removing
an existing SIM-card. The user can damage the device if this operation is done “on-the-y”.

Make sure you closed the External SIM/USB socket with its protection cap before outdoors deployment.

IMPORTANT: Take into account that the External SIM/USB socket has a limited resistance. Do not push it hard with
the USB or SIM card.

Figure: Inserting a SIM card with care in the External SIM/USB socket

Note: From February 2018, Libelium has redesigned the SIM-USB connector, now it is more resistant and we have
updated it using the most popular SIM card standard, nano-SIM.

-57- v8.6

External solar panel

15. External solar panel

This panel should be connected to the external solar panel connector. As shown in picture below, it has identical

shape as sensor connectors, but is placed on the control side of the enclosure, below the on/o button.

External solar panel features:

• Max power: 3 W

• Max power voltage: 5.8 V

• Max power current: 520 mA (max current input is 300 mA in Plug & Sense!)

• Dimensions: 234 x 160 x 17 mm

• Weight: 0.54 kg

Figure: External solar panel connector

Do not connect any sensor on this connector and also do not connect the solar panel to a sensor connector.
Waspmote can be damaged and warranty will be void.

Figure: Connecting the solar panel to Waspmote Plug & Sense!

In the next picture a typical installation with external solar panel is shown. Notice that the enclosure is placed just
under the solar panel, using it as a protection against sun and rain.

Libelium provides special brackets in order to install it correctly.

-58- v8.6

External solar panel

Figure: Typical installation of the external solar panel

-59- v8.6

External Battery Module

16. External Battery Module

The External Battery Module (EBM) is an accessory to extend the battery life of Plug & Sense!. The extension
period may be from months to years depending on the sleep cycle and radio activity. The daily charging period is
selectable among 5, 15 and 30 minutes with a selector switch and it can be combined with a solar panel to extend
even more the node’s battery lifetime.

Typical scenarios for this accessory are remote places where a power supply is not available or places where a
solar panel is not suitable, like tunnels or cloudy environments.

Note: Nodes using solar panel can keep using it through the External Battery Module (EBM). The EBM is
connected to the solar panel connector of Plug & Sense! and the solar panel unit is connected to the solar
panel connector of the EBM.

16.1. Technical specications

• 26 A·h high performance non-rechargeable battery

• Dimensions: 122 mm x 82 mm x 84 mm (without mounting feet)

• Operating temperature range: -30 ºC to 70 ºC*

• Low self-discharge rate

• IP65 waterproof, polycarbonate enclosure

• On/O switch

• Operating mode selector (3 dierent modes)

• Solar panel voltage: up to 18 V

• 2 dierent solar panel options available

* Temporary extreme temperatures are supported. Regular recommended usage: -20, +60 ºC.

The EBM is specially designed to minimize its power consumption and maximizing its eciency and the energy

delivered to the node. This way, the internal electronic is in an ultra-low power state most of the time. The pictures
below show a general view of the EBM main parts.

Figure: External Battery Module

As shown above, the EBM has 2 sockets: One for the solar panel and one for the Plug & Sense! node. An extension
cord will be used to connect the EBM and the node.

-60- v8.6

External Battery Module

Figure: External Battery Module’s Plug & Sense! connector

Figure: Plug & Sense! with External Battery Module

A solar panel can be attached to the solar panel connector, providing extra energy to the Plug & Sense! and
extending the EBM life. Furthermore, if the charging period occurs while the solar panel is providing energy, the

EBM will only provide the necessary current to fulll the demand of the Plug & Sense! node. If the solar panel is

able to provide all the current demand, the EBM will not contribute during the charging process. This way, the
system does not waste energy from the solar panel and, at the same time, it enlarges the EBM battery lifetime.

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Figure: External Battery Module with a solar panel connected

External Battery Module

Figure: Plug & Sense! with External Battery Module and solar panel

Finally, the EBM is compatible with all the Plug & Sense! product range, but it is not compatible with other Libelium
products like Meshlium, Smart Parking or MySignals.

-62- v8.6

External Battery Module

16.2. Operating modes

The EBM is designed to charge a Plug & Sense! node once per day during a preprogrammed period of time.

There is a latch button to turn on and o the EBM. This button also includes a red LED to show the user when the

device has started working. It will blink only a couple of times when the device is switched on, to avoid unnecessary
current consumption through it. When the device is on, the button will look like in the picture below.

Figure: External Battery Module, on position

Due to the nature of the EBM battery, its level cannot be monitored. If the LED does not blink when the button

is pressed, the EBM battery could be empty. On the other hand, when the button is o, the battery is physically

disconnected from any circuitry and there is no power consumption from the battery, even if there is a solar panel

present. Finally, the LED will not be on during the charging period for eciency purposes.

The External Battery Module has 3 operating modes. In order to select them, there is a 3-position rotative selector
switch.

Figure: External Battery Module operation selector

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External Battery Module

The operating mode determines the daily time that the system will be charging a node:

• Position 1 will set the charging time to 5 minutes per day

• Position 2 will set the charging time to 15 minutes per day

• Position 3 will set the charging time to 30 minutes per day

During the charging period, the Plug & Sense! node will be recharged at the maximum charging current, which
is 300 mA. The operating mode must be selected before turning on the EBM. The selector will be read just after
turning on the device and the button LED will blink accordingly to the selected mode (one blink for position
1, 2 blinks for position 2 and so on). If the mode needs to be changed, it is necessary to turn o the EBM
rst, otherwise moving the selector will not have any eect. Moreover, it has to be taken into account that
temperature variations might induce small time drifts due to the tolerance of the internal electronic components.

Figure: Selector on the 3 dierent positions

If the Plug & Sense! charging current needs to be monitored, please use the example power 06: battery recharging.

The current ow trough the Plug & Sense! solar panel connector will be printed on screen. Besides, take into

account that the EBM will start the selected charging period 5 minutes after turning it on.

As can be inferred from the previous lines, the EBM battery life will be larger in position 1 than in position 3. To
estimate the battery life, consider that the maximum allowed charging current through the Plug & Sense! solar
panel connector is 300 mA (it becomes smaller when the Plug & Sense! battery is near to 100%). Moreover, take

into account that environmental conditions like temperature or the battery self-discharge may aect also to the

EBM lifetime.

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Vent plug / Pressure Compensator

17. Vent plug / Pressure Compensator

The purpose of the Vent Plug is to avoid condensation by compensating external / internal pressure. Do not try to
connect anything to this element and also do not modify its position or any of its parts.

Figure: Vent plug of Waspmote Plug & Sense!

-65- v8.6

Antenna

18. Antenna

By default, Waspmote Plug & Sense! has one external antenna with a standard SMA connector. This connector
allows to connect the RF antenna. See next section for more information about other antenna options.

Figure: Antenna connector of the enclosure

To ensure good RF coverage, be sure that the antenna points to the sky and also be sure that the antenna is
screwed completely to the connector. To connect the antenna, just align it with the connector and screw it carefully.
Antenna must be always connected in order to ensure a good RF communication.

Figure: Connecting antenna to the enclosure

Note: Once Waspmote Plug & Sense! is installed, it is recommended to x it using a tape like the one shown in the picture

below.

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Antenna

Figure: Recommended tape

Do not try to connect other kind of antennas which do not match with SMA standard connector and also other
antennas not provided by Libelium.

Figure: Ensure antenna remains in the right position

18.1. Antennas for the Plug & Sense! 4G model

The Waspmote Plug & Sense! models including a 4G radio will have 3 antenna connectors: the cellular main
antenna, the cellular diversity antenna and the GPS antenna (GPS receiver is only available in 4G EU/BR). The
antenna to be connected is the same on the 3 cases. See the pictures below to identify each 4G antenna connector.
The 3 or 2 antennas must be properly connected for the right operation of the 4G radio.

Figure: Main and GPS antennas (only 4G models)

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Figure: Diversity antenna (only 4G models)

Antenna

Note: The 4G radios for Australia and for US do not have a GPS receiver, so in this case, only 2 antennas are provided.
Just leave the GPS antenna connector without any antenna.

18.2. Antennas for Plug & Sense! GPS-ready models

The Waspmote Plug & Sense! models including a GPS receiver will have 3 antenna connectors: the main radio
antenna connector, the GPS antenna connector and an unused antenna connector. The GPS antenna and the

main antenna are dierent. The GPS antenna is easy to identify: it is a square and magnetic antenna with a long

cable (2 m). See the pictures below to identify each GPS antenna connector.

Figure: Main and GPS antennas connectors (only GPS-ready models)

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Figure: Not used antenna connector (only GPS-ready models)

Antenna

Note: In order to achieve a better performance and maximum satellite visibility, the GPS antenna should be placed in an
open-space location and oriented so that its reference arrow points vertically to the sky.

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Sensor protection

19. Sensor protection

19.1. Special probes

There are some sensor probes which include special protection against sunlight and bad environmental

conditions. For instance, the temperature, humidity and pressure probe has a special lter which allows humidity
measurement but oers protection against water.

However, a lot of sensor probes include just a standard protection. If the nal application involves bad environmental

conditions and a lot of sunlight hours, Libelium suggests the usage of a solar radiation shield.

In addition, refer to corresponding section for more information about sensor probes.

20. Battery

Libelium provides a 6600 mA·h rechargeable battery inside Waspmote Plug & Sense!.

Waspmote has a control and safety circuit which makes sure the battery charge current is always adequate. The

following image shows a battery discharging for a typical load and for a specic case.

Figure: Typical discharging curve for the 6600 mA·h battery

Note: When recharging, if the battery is near 0%, it will take some time before the battery level increases.

Note: It is normal to see some battery level variations during the charging periods due to the Waspmote charging

circuitry. To know the real battery level of the node, it is recommended to measure it when the node is not being

recharged and also with sensors and radio modules switched o.

Note: The on/o button can be in on or o position to charge the battery.

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Models

21. Models

There are some dened congurations of Waspmote Plug & Sense! depending on which sensors are going to be
used. Waspmote Plug & Sense! congurations allow to connect up to six sensor probes at the same time.

Each model takes a dierent conditioning circuit to enable the sensor integration. For this reason, each model
allows connecting just its specic sensors.

This section describes each model conguration in detail, showing the sensors which can be used in each case

and how to connect them to Waspmote. In many cases, the sensor sockets accept the connection of more than

one sensor probe. See the compatibility table for each model conguration to choose the best probe combination

for the application.

It is very important to remark that each socket is designed only for one specic sensor, so they are not
interchangeable. Always be sure you have connected the probes in the right socket. Otherwise, they can be

damaged.

Figure: Identication of sensor sockets

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Models

21.1. Smart Environment PRO

The Smart Environment PRO model has been created as an evolution of Smart Environment. It enables the user
to implement pollution, air quality, industrial, environmental or farming projects with high requirements in terms
of high accuracy, reliability and measurement range as the sensors come calibrated from factory.

Figure: Smart Environment PRO Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

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Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the gure below.

Models

Sensor
Socket

A, B, C or F

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter Reference

Carbon Monoxide (CO) for low concentrations [Calibrated] 9371-LC-P

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) [Calibrated] 9372-P

Oxygen (O2) [Calibrated] 9373-P

Ozone (O3) [Calibrated] 9374-P

Nitric Oxide (NO) for low concentrations [Calibrated] 9375-LC-P

Nitric Dioxide (NO2) high accuracy [Calibrated] 9376-HA-P

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) high accuracy [Calibrated] 9377-HA-P

Ammonia (NH3) for low concentrations [Calibrated] 9378-LC-P

Ammonia (NH3) for high concentrations [Calibrated] 9378-HC-P

Methane (CH4) and Combustible Gas [Calibrated] 9379-P

Hydrogen Sulde (H2S) [Calibrated] 9381-P

D

E

Figure: Sensor sockets configuration for Smart Environment PRO model

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium website.

Calibrated gas sensors are manufactured once the order has been placed to ensure maximum durability of the
calibration feature. The manufacturing process and delivery may take from 4 to 6 weeks. The lifetime of calibrated
gas sensors is 6 months working at maximum accuracy. We strongly encourage our customers to buy extra gas
sensors to replace the original ones after that time to ensure maximum accuracy and performance.

Particle Matter (PM1 / PM2.5 / PM10) - Dust 9387-P

Temperature, humidity and pressure 9370-P

Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) 9325-P

Ultrasound (distance measurement) 9246-P

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Models

21.2. Smart Security

The main applications for this Waspmote Plug & Sense! conguration are perimeter access control, liquid presence

detection and doors and windows openings. Besides, a relay system allows this model to interact with external
electrical machines.

Figure: Smart Security Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

Note: The probes attached in this photo could not match the nal location. See next table for the correct conguration.

-74- v8.6

Models

Sensor
Socket

Parameter Reference

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Temperature + Humidity + Pressure 9370-P

Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) 9325-P

Ultrasound (distance measurement) 9246-P

A, C, D or E

Presence - PIR 9212-P

Liquid Level (combustible, water) 9239-P, 9240-P

Liquid Presence (Point, Line) 9243-P, 9295-P

Hall Eect 9207-P

B Liquid Flow (small, medium, large) 9296-P, 9297-P, 9298-P

F Relay Input-Output 9270-P

Figure: Sensor sockets configuration for Smart Security model

As we see in the gure below, thanks to the directional probe, the presence sensor probe (PIR) may be placed in
dierent positions. The sensor can be focused directly to the point we want.

Figure: Configurations of the Presence sensor probe (PIR)

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.

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Models

21.3. Smart Water

The Smart Water model has been conceived to facilitate the remote monitoring of the most relevant parameters
related to water quality. With this platform you can measure more than 6 parameters, including the most relevant
for water control such as dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, pH, conductivity and temperature. An
extremely accurate turbidity sensor has been integrated as well.

The Smart Water Ions line is complementary for these kinds of projects, enabling the control of concentration
of ions like Ammonium (NH
Lithium (Li+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Nitrate (NO

+

), Bromide (Br-), Calcium (Ca2+), Chloride (Cl-), Cupric (Cu2+), Fluoride (F-), Iodide (I-),

4

-

), Nitrite (NO

3

-

), Perchlorate (ClO

2

-

), Potassium (K+), Silver (Ag+), Sodium

4

(Na+) and pH. Take a look to the Smart Water Ions line in the next section.

Refer to Libelium website for more information.

Figure: Smart Water Plug&Sense! model

-76- v8.6

Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the gure below.

Models

Sensor
Socket

A pH 9328

B Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 9327

C Conductivity 9326

E Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) 9329

F

Figure: Sensor sockets configuration for Smart Water model

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.

Parameter Reference

Soil/Water Temperature 9255-P (included by default)

Turbidity 9353-P

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

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Models

21.4. Smart Water Xtreme

Smart Water Xtreme was created as an evolution of Smart Water. This model integrates high-end sensors, calibrated
in factory, with enhanced accuracy and performance. Their reduced recalibration requirements and robust design

enlarge maintenance periods, making it more aordable to deploy remote Smart Water applications. This line
includes a great combination of the most signicant water parameters like dissolved oxygen, pH, oxidation-

reduction potential, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, suspended solids, sludge blanket and temperature.

Refer to Libelium website for more information.

Figure: Smart Water Xtreme Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

-78- v8.6

Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the gure below.

Models

Sensor

A, B, C, D and E

A and D

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter Reference

Optical dissolved oxygen and temperature
OPTOD

Titanium optical dissolved oxygen and
temperature OPTOD

pH, ORP and temperature PHEHT 9485-P

Conductivity, salinity and temperature C4E 9486-P

Inductive conductivity, salinity and
temperature CTZN

Turbidity and temperature NTU 9353-P

Suspended solids, turbidity, sludge blanket
and temperature MES5

Temperature, air humidity and pressure 9370-P

Luxes 9325-P

Ultrasound 9246-P

Manta+40 9495-P

Chlorophyll 72470

BGA 72471

9488-P

9489-P

9487-P

9490-P

Organic matter CDOM/FDOM 72472

F

Figure: Sensor sockets conguration for Smart Water Xtreme model

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.

Ammonium 72473

Nitrate 72474

Chloride 72475

Sodium 72476

Calcium 72477

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Models

21.5. Smart Water Ions

The Smart Water Ions models specialize in the measurement of ions concentration for drinking water quality
control, agriculture water monitoring, swimming pools or waste water treatment.

The Smart Water line is complementary for these kinds of projects, enabling the control of parameters like
turbidity, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen. Take a look to the Smart Water line in
the previous section. Refer to Libelium website for more information.

There are 3 variants for Smart Water Ions: Single, Double and PRO. This is related to the type of ion sensor that

each variant can integrate. Next section describes each conguration in detail.

Figure: Smart Water Ions Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

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Single

This variant includes a Single Junction Reference Probe, so it can read all the single type ion sensors.

Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the table below.

Models

Sensor
Socket

Parameter Reference

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Fluoride Ion (F-) 9353

Fluoroborate Ion (BF4-) 9354

A, B, C and D

Nitrate Ion (NO

-

) 9355

3

pH (for Smart Water Ions) 9363

E Single Junction Reference 9350 (included by default)

F Soil/Water Temperature 9255-P (included by default)

Figure: Sensor sockets conguration for Smart Water Ions model, single variant

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.

Double

This variant includes a Double Junction Reference Probe, so it can read all the double type ion sensors.

Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the table below.

Sensor
Socket

Parameter Reference

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Bromide Ion (Br-) 9356

Chloride Ion (Cl-) 9357

Cupric Ion (Cu2+) 9358

A, B, C and D

Iodide Ion (I-) 9360

Silver Ion (Ag+) 9362

pH (for Smart Water Ions) 9363

E

F

Figure: Sensor sockets conguration for Smart Water Ions model, double variant

Double Junction Reference 9351 (included by default)

Soil/Water Temperature 9255-P (included by default)

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.

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Models

Pro

This special variant integrates extreme quality sensors, with better performance than the Single or Double lines.

In this case, there is only one type of reference probe and up to 16 dierent ion parameters can be analyzed in 4

sockets.

Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the table below.

Sensor
Socket

A, B, C or D

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter Reference

Ammonium Ion (NH

+

) [PRO] 9412

4

Bromide Ion (Br-) [PRO] 9413

Calcium Ion (Ca2+) [PRO] 9414

Chloride Ion (Cl-) [PRO] 9415

Cupric Ion (Cu2+) [PRO] 9416

Fluoride Ion (F-) [PRO] 9417

Iodide Ion (I-) [PRO] 9418

Lithium Ion (Li+) [PRO] 9419

Magnesium Ion (Mg2+) [PRO] 9420

Nitrate Ion (NO

Nitrite Ion (NO

Perchlorate Ion (ClO

-

) [PRO] 9421

3

-

) [PRO] 9422

2

-

) [PRO] 9423

4

Potassium Ion (K+) [PRO] 9424

Silver Ion (Ag+) [PRO] 9425

Sodium Ion (Na+) [PRO] 9426

pH [PRO] 9411

E

F

Figure: Sensor sockets conguration for Smart Water Ions model, PRO variant

Reference Sensor Probe [PRO] 9410 (included by default)

Soil/Water Temperature 9255-P (included by default)

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.

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Models

21.6. Smart Parking

The Smart Parking node allows to detect available parking spots by placing the node on the pavement. It works
with a radar sensor and a magnetic sensor which detect when a vehicle is present or not.

The node benets from LoRaWAN technology, getting ubiquitous coverage with few base stations. The device is

very optimized in terms of power consumption, resulting in a long battery life. Its small size and the robust and
surface-mount enclosure enables a fast installation, without the need of digging a hole in the ground. Finally, the

developer does not need to program the node, but just congure some key parameters. Remote management

and bidirectional communication allow to change parameters from the Cloud.

Figure: Smart Parking node

Note: There are specic documents for parking applications on the Libelium website. Refer to the Smart Parking

Technical Guide to see typical applications for this model and how to make a good installation.

Figure: Smart Parking application diagram

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Models

21.7. Smart Agriculture PRO

The Smart Agriculture models allow to monitor multiple environmental parameters involving a wide range of
applications. It has been provided with sensors for air and soil temperature and humidity, solar visible radiation,
wind speed and direction, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, etc.

The main applications for this Waspmote Plug & Sense! model are precision agriculture, irrigation systems,
greenhouses, weather stations, etc. Refer to Libelium website for more information.

Figure: Smart Agriculture PRO Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

-84- v8.6

Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the gure below.

Models

Sensor
Socket

A Weather Station WS-3000 (anemometer + wind vane + pluviometer) 9256-P

B

C

D (digital

bus)

E

F (digital

bus)

Figure: Sensor sockets configuration for Smart Agriculture PRO model

Parameter Reference

Soil Moisture 1 9248-P, 9324-P, 9323-P

Solar Radiation (PAR) 9251-P

Ultraviolet Radiation 9257-P

Soil Moisture 3 9248-P, 9324-P, 9323-P

Dendrometers 9252-P, 9253-P, 9254-P

Soil Temperature (Pt-1000) 9255-P

Temperature + Humidity + Pressure 9370-P

Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) 9325-P

Ultrasound (distance measurement) 9246-P

Leaf Wetness 9249-P

Soil Moisture 2 9248-P, 9324-P, 9323-P

Temperature + Humidity + Pressure 9370-P

Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) 9325-P

Ultrasound (distance measurement) 9246-P

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

* Ask Libelium Sales Department for more information.

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.

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Models

21.8. Smart Agriculture Xtreme

The Plug & Sense! Smart Agriculture Xtreme is an evolution of our Agriculture line with a new selection of high­end professional sensors. It allows to monitor multiple environmental parameters involving a wide range of
applications, from plant growing analysis to weather observation. There are sensors for atmospheric and soil
monitoring and plants health. Up to 33 sensors can be connected.

Figure: Smart Agriculture Xtreme Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

-86- v8.6

Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the gure below.

Models

Sensor

Socket

A and D

B

C

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter Reference

Non-contact surface temperature measurement SI-411 9468-P

Leaf and ower bud temperature SF-421 9467-P

Soil oxygen level SO-411 9469-P

Conductivity, water content and soil temperature 5TE 9402-P

Conductivity, water content and soil temperature GS3 9464-P

Soil temperature and volumetric water content 5TM 9460-P

Soil water potential MPS-6 9465-P

Vapor pressure, humidity, temperature, and atmospheric
pressure in soil and air VP-4

Temperature, air humidity and pressure 9370-P

Luxes 9325-P

Ultrasound 9246-P

Non-contact surface temperature measurement SI-411 9468-P

Leaf and ower bud temperature SF-421 9467-P

Soil oxygen level SO-411 9469-P

Conductivity, water content and soil temperature 5TE 9402-P

Conductivity, water content and soil temperature GS3 9464-P

Soil temperature and volumetric water content 5TM 9460-P

Soil water potential MPS-6 9465-P

Vapor pressure, humidity, temperature, and atmospheric
pressure in soil and air VP-4

Leaf wetness Phytos 31 9466-P

Shortwave radiation SP-510 9470-P

Solar radiation (PAR) SQ-110 for Smart Agriculture Xtreme 9251-PX

Ultraviolet radiation SU-100 for Smart Agriculture Xtreme 9257-PX

4-20 mA type (generic) -

Non-contact surface temperature measurement SI-411 9468-P

Leaf and ower bud temperature SF-421 9467-P

Soil oxygen level SO-411 9469-P

Conductivity, water content and soil temperature 5TE 9402-P

Conductivity, water content and soil temperature GS3 9464-P

Soil temperature and volumetric water content 5TM 9460-P

Soil water potential MPS-6 9465-P

Vapor pressure, humidity, temperature, and atmospheric
pressure in soil and air VP-4

Dendrometers (DC2, DD-S, DF) for Smart Agriculture Xtreme 9252-PX, 9253-PX, 9254-PX

Shortwave radiation SP-510 9470-P

Solar radiation (PAR) SQ-110 for Smart Agriculture Xtreme 9251-PX

Ultraviolet radiation SU-100 for Smart Agriculture Xtreme 9257-PX

9471-P

9471-P

9471-P

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Models

Shortwave radiation SP-510 9470-P

Solar radiation (PAR) SQ-110 for Smart Agriculture Xtreme 9251-PX

Ultraviolet radiation SU-100 for Smart Agriculture Xtreme 9257-PX

Weather station GMX-100 (PO) Probe 9472-P

Weather station GMX-101 (R) 9473-P

Weather station GMX-200 (W) 9474-P

Weather station GMX-240 (W-PO) 9463-P

Weather station GMX-300 (T-H-AP) 9475-P

E

F

Weather station GMX-301 (T-H-AP-R) 9476-P

Weather station GMX-400 (PO-T-H-AP) 9477-P

Weather station GMX-500 (W-T-H-AP) 9478-P

Weather station GMX-501 (W-T-H-AP-R) 9479-P

Weather station GMX-531 (W-PT-T-H-AP-R) 9480-P

Weather station GMX-541 (W-PO-T-H-AP-R) 9481-P

Weather station GMX-550 (W-x-T-H-AP) 9482-P

Weather station GMX-551 (W-x-T-H-AP-R) 9483-P

Weather station GMX-600 (W-PO-T-H-AP) 9484-P

Solar radiation and temperature Datasol MET probe 9496-P

Shortwave radiation SP-510 9470-P

Solar radiation (PAR) SQ-110 for Smart Agriculture Xtreme 9251-PX

Ultraviolet radiation SU-100 for Smart Agriculture Xtreme 9257-PX

RS-232 type (generic) -

4-20 mA type (generic) -

Figure: Sensor sockets configuration for Smart Agriculture model

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.z

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Models

21.9. Ambient Control

This model is designed to monitor the main environment parameters easily. Only three sensor probes are allowed
for this model, as shown in next table.

Figure: Ambient Control Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

-89- v8.6

Sensor sockets are congured as it is shown in gure below.

Models

Sensor
Socket

Parameter Reference

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

A Temperature + Humidity + Pressure 9370-P

B Luminosity (LDR) 9205-P

C Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) 9325-P

D, E and F Not used -

Figure: Sensor sockets configuration for Ambient Control model

As we see in the gure below, thanks to the directional probe, the Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) sensor probe may
be placed in dierent positions. The sensor can be focused directly to the light source we want to measure.

Figure: Configurations of the Luminosity sensor probe (luxes accuracy)

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.

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Models

21.10. Smart Cities PRO

The main applications for this Waspmote Plug & Sense! model are noise maps (monitor in real time the acoustic
levels in the streets of a city), air quality, waste management, smart lighting, etc. Refer to Libelium website for
more information.

Figure: Smart Cities PRO Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

-91- v8.6

Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the gure below.

Models

Sensor

Socket

Noise level sensor NLS

A

B, C, and F

D Particle Matter (PM1 / PM2.5 / PM10) - Dust 9387-P

E

Temperature + Humidity + Pressure 9370-P

Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) 9325-P

Ultrasound (distance measurement) 9246-P

Carbon Monoxide (CO) for low concentrations
[Calibrated]

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) [Calibrated] 9372-P

Oxygen (O2) [Calibrated] 9373-P

Ozone (O3) [Calibrated] 9374-P

Nitric Oxide (NO) for low concentrations [Calibrated] 9375-LC-P

Nitric Dioxide (NO2) high accuracy [Calibrated] 9376-HA-P

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) high accuracy [Calibrated] 9377-HA-P

Ammonia (NH3) for low concentrations [Calibrated] 9378-LC-P

Ammonia (NH3) for high concentrations [Calibrated] 9378-HC-P

Methane (CH4) and Combustible Gas [Calibrated] 9379-P

Hydrogen Sulde (H2S) [Calibrated] 9381-P

Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) [Calibrated] 9382-P

Temperature + Humidity + Pressure 9370-P

Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) 9325-P

Ultrasound (distance measurement) 9246-P

Temperature + Humidity + Pressure 9370-P

Luminosity (Luxes accuracy) 9325-P

Ultrasound (distance measurement) 9246-P

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter Reference

9371-LC-P

Figure: Sensor sockets configuration for Smart Cities PRO model

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

Calibrated gas sensors are manufactured once the order has been placed to ensure maximum durability of the
calibration feature. The manufacturing process and delivery may take from 4 to 6 weeks. The lifetime of calibrated
gas sensors is 6 months working at maximum accuracy. We strongly encourage our customers to buy extra gas
sensors to replace the original ones after that time to ensure maximum accuracy and performance.

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Models

21.11. Radiation Control

The main application for this Waspmote Plug & Sense! conguration is to measure radiation levels using a Geiger

sensor. For this model, the Geiger tube is already included inside Waspmote, so the user does not have to connect
any sensor probe to the enclosure. The rest of the other sensor sockets are not used.

Figure: Radiation Control Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

Sensor sockets are not used for this model.

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium
website.

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Models

21.12. 4-20 mA Current Loop

The applications for this Plug & Sense! model are focused on adding wireless connectivity to 4-20 mA devices and
connecting them to the Cloud.

Figure: 4-20 mA Current Loop Waspmote Plug & Sense! model

Sensor sockets are congured as shown in the gure below.

Sensor
Socket

A Channel 1 (type 2 and type 3) 9270-P, DB9-P

B Channel 2 (type 2 and type 3) 9270-P, DB9-P

C Channel 3 (type 2 and type 3) 9270-P, DB9-P

D Channel 4 (type 4) 9270-P, DB9-P

Figure: Sensor sockets configuration for 4-20 mA Current Loop model

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section on the Libelium website.

Board channel Reference

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

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Programming

22. Programming

Waspmote Plug & Sense! can be programmed using Libelium’s Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

For further details on how to install the Waspmote IDE and how to compile and upload your rst programs, we

advise to read the “Waspmote IDE: User Guide”. This guide contains step-by-step indications to get started; it can
be found on the Plug & Sense! Development section:

www.libelium.com/development/plug-sense/sdk_applications/

22.1. Real time Clock - RTC

Waspmote Plug & Sense! has a built-in Real Time Clock – RTC, which keeps it informed of the time. This allows to
program and perform time-related actions such as:

“Sleep for 1h 20 min and 15sec, then wake up and perform the following action..”

Or even programs to perform actions at absolute intervals, e.g.:

“Wake on the 5th of each month at 00:20 and perform the following action..”

All RTC programming and control is done through the I2C bus.

Alarms:

Alarms can be programmed in the RTC specifying day/hour/minute/second. That allows total control about when
the mote wakes up to capture sensor values and perform actions programmed on it. This allows Waspmote Plug
& Sense! to be in the saving energy mode (Deep Sleep) and makes it wake up just at the required moment.

As well as relative alarms, periodic alarms can be programmed by giving a time measurement, so that the node
reprograms its alarm automatically each time one event is triggered.

Waspmote Plug & Sense! can keep the RTC time correctly even if the on/o button is switched to o position.

RTC module has an internal compensation mechanism for the oscillation variations produced in the quartz crystal
by changes in temperature (Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator – TCXO).

The RTC is responsible for waking the node up from energy saving mode called Deep Sleep. In addition, it controls
when it has to wake up the node and perform a particular action.

All information about their programming and operation can be found in the RTC Programming Guide.

All the documentation is located in the Development section in the Libelium website.

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Programming

22.2. Interruptions

Interruptions are signals received by the microcontroller which indicate it must stop the task it is doing to handle
an event that has just happened. Interruption control frees the microcontroller from having to control sensors all
the time. It also makes the sensors warn Waspmote Plug & Sense! when a determined value (threshold) is reached.

Waspmote Plug & Sense! is designed to work with two types of interruptions: Synchronous and asynchronous:

• Synchronous interruptions: They are scheduled by timers. They allow to program when we want them to be
triggered. There are two types of timer alarms: periodic and relative.

- Periodic alarms are those to which we specify a particular moment in the future, for example: “Alarm
programmed for every fourth day of the month at 00:01 and 11 seconds”. They are controlled by the RTC.

- Relative alarms are programmed taking into account the current moment, eg: “Alarm programmed
for 5 minutes and 10 seconds”. They are controlled through the RTC and the microcontroller’s internal
Watchdog.

• Asynchronous Interruptions: These are not scheduled, so it is not known when they will be triggered. Types:

- Sensors: The sensor boards can be programmed so that an alarm is triggered when a sensor reaches a

certain threshold.

- Accelerometer: The accelerometer can be programmed so that certain events such (as a fall or change of
direction) generate an interruption.

All interruptions, both synchronous and asynchronous can wake Waspmote Plug & Sense! up from the Sleep and
the Deep Sleep modes.

All information about the programming and operation of interruptions can be found in the Interruption

Programming Guide.

22.3. Watchdog

The ATmega1281 microcontroller inside the Waspmote Plug & Sense! has an internal Enhanced Watchdog Time
– WDT. The WDT precisely counts the clock cycles generated by a 128 kHz oscillator. The WDT generates an
interruption signal when the counter reaches the set value. This interruption signal can be used to wake the
microcontroller from the Sleep mode or to generate an internal alarm when it is running in on mode, which is very
useful when developing programs with timed interruptions.

The WDT allows the microcontroller to wake up from a low consumption Sleep mode by generating an interruption.
For this reason, this clock is used as a time-based alarm associated with the microcontroller’s Sleep mode. This
allows very precise control of small time intervals: 16 ms, 32 ms, 64 ms, 128 ms, 256 ms, 500 ms, 1 s, 2 s, 4 s, 8 s.
For intervals over 8 s (Deep Sleep mode), the RTC is used and not the microcontroller.

All information about their programming and operation can be found in the Interrupt Programming Guide.

All the documentation is located in the Development section in the Libelium website.

22.3.1. RTC Watchdog for reseting Waspmote

One of the alarms of the RTC (Alarm 2) is connected to a Watchdog reset circuit that is able to reset the
microcontroller of Waspmote Plug & Sense! when the alarm is generated. This Watchdog has been implemented
for reseting Waspmote Plug & Sense! if it gets stuck. That periodical reset avoids erratic behaviour. This is highly
recommended for applications that need to be very robust and can never stop working. The use of the Watchdog
feature ensures us that our Waspmote will never stop working.

The Watchdog feature requires the physical watchdog switch to be put in “enable” position (default state in
Waspmote Plug & Sense! Devices).

All information about the RTC programming and operation can be found in the RTC Programming Guide.
All the documentation is located in the Development section in the Libelium website.

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Programming Cloud Service

23. Programming Cloud Service

The Programming Cloud Service is an intuitive graphic interface which creates code automatically. The user

just needs to ll a web form to obtain binaries for Plug & Sense!. Advanced programming options are available,

depending on the license selected.

Features:

• No more programming, just congure a web form and the PCS will create the binary

• Always up-to-date: code is compiled on the Cloud, with the latest libraries

• Advanced options: Water and Ions calibration, Watchdog, critical battery warning, GPS, Industrial Protocols,
HTTPS, encryption (at both payload and link levels), etc

• Template management

• New devices are added easily (bulk or individual activation codes)

• Simple devices management: list, order, search or lter

• Share your devices with others

• Three license types: Basic, PRO and Elite

• Easy licenses management

• Summary reports

• Just program any standard Plug & Sense! in minutes!

Check how easy it is to handle the Programming Cloud Service at:

https://cloud.libelium.com/

Figure: Programming Cloud Service

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Uploading code

24. Uploading code

Using the USB connector, a new code can be uploaded to Waspmote without opening Waspmote Plug & Sense!.
Just connect one side of the USB cable to this connector, removing protection cap if necessary and connect the
other side to a PC. Remember that Waspmote must be on to allow uploading a new code. Next steps describe this
process in detail.

Step 1: Open the USB connector

Remove the protection cap of the USB connector.

Figure: Removing the USB cap

* n the case you have a Plug & Sense! with a 4G module, insert your nano-SIM card in the External SIM/USB socket with care.

Figure: Inserting a SIM card with care in the External SIM/USB socket

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Uploading code

Step 2: Connect the USB cable to Waspmote Plug & Sense!

Connect one end of the provided male-to-male USB cable to the USB connector. For models with 4G module, a
micro-USB is supplied.

Figure: Connecting the USB cable to Waspmote Plug & Sense!

Step 3: Connect the USB cable to PC

Connect the other end of the USB cable to your PC.

Figure: Connecting the node to a PC

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Step 4: Turn on Waspmote Plug & Sense!

Be sure you have turned on the node by pressing on/o button.

Uploading code

Figure: Turning on Waspmote

Step 5: Open Waspmote IDE

Now run Waspmote IDE on your PC. If you do not have Waspmote IDE already installed in your PC, then go to the
Development section of Libelium website to download the latest version; there is a dedicated guide to help in the
process: “Waspmote IDE: User Guide”.

If it is the rst time you plug a Waspmote Plug & Sense! on your PC and you are unable to see the proper USB port,

maybe you should install the latest FTDI drivers: http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/D2XX.htm

Moreover, if you have troubles installing FTDI drivers and your computer is unable to recognize Waspmote,
please follow the installation guide for your operating system on your next link: http://www.ftdichip.com/Support/

Documents/InstallGuides.htm

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