6. Part List .......................................................187
6-1. Main PCB Part List ...............................188
6-2. F-PCB Part List.....................................199
6-3. FPCB Part List......................................200
Chapter 4. Trouble Shooting
1. Rx Part Trouble .............................................43
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operating frequency spectrum. Cellular uses 800MHz and PCS uses 1.9GHz. The MN510 support GPS Mode, we
area, resulting that it increases the capacity 10 times more compared with that in the analog mode currently used.
-
-
-
General Introduction
The MN510 phone has been designed to operate on the latest digital mobile communication technology, Code
Division Multiple Access (CDMA). This CDMA digital technology has greatly enhanced voice clarity and can
provide a variety of advanced features. Currently, CDMA mobile communication technology has been
commercially used in Cellular and Personal Communication Service (PCS). The difference between them is the
usually call it tri-band phone. Also, MN510 works on Advanced Mobile Phone Service (S-GPS). We call it dual-
mode phone. If one of the Cellular, PCS base stations is located nearby, Call fail rate of triple-mode phone is less
than dual-mode phone or single-mode phone.
The CDMA technology adopts DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum). This feature of DSSS enables the phone
to keep communication from being crossed and to use one frequency channel by multiple users in the same specific
Soft/Softer Handoff, Hard Handoff, and Dynamic RF power Control technologies are combined into this phone to
reduce the call being interrupted in a middle of talking over the phone.
Cellular and PCS CDMA network consists of MSO (Mobile Switching Office), BSC (Base Station Controller), BTS
(Base station Transmission System), and MS (Mobile Station). The following table lists some major CDMA
Standards.
CDMA StandardDesignatorDescription
Basic air interfaceTIA/EIA/IS-95-A/B/C
ANSI J-STD
NetworkTIA/EIA/IS-634
TIA/EIA/IS/651
TIA/EIA/IS-41-C
TIA/EIA/IS-124
ServiceTIA/EIA/IS
TIA/EIA/IS-99
TIA/EIA/IS-637
TIA/EIA/IS-657
PerformanceTIA/EIA/IS-97
TIA/EIA/IS-98
ANSI J-STD-018
ANSI J-STD
TIA/EIA/IS-125
* TSB –74: Protocol between an IS-95A system and ANSI J-STD-008
008
96-B
019
Protocol between MS and BTS for Cellular & AMPS
Protocol between MS and BTS for PCS
MAS-BS
PCSC-RS
Intersystem operations
Nom-signaling data comm.
Speech CODEC
Assign data and fax
Short message service
Packet data
Cellular base station
Cellular mobile station
PCS personal station
PCS base station
Speech CODEC
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remote adjustment. This is to maintain continuously the call state through the automatic location confirmation and
Unlike the time division multiple access (TDMA) or frequency division multiple access (FDMA) used in the band
FDMA can be used to enable one person to talk in soprano, whereas the other in bass (one of the two talkers can
types of signals, only desired signal energy is selected and received through the use of pre
Chapter1. System Introduction
1. CDMA Abstract
The CDMA mobile communication system has a channel hand-off function that is used for collecting the information
on the locations and movements of mobile telephones from the cell site by automatically controlling several cell site
through the setup of data transmission routes, and then enabling one switching system to carry out the automatic
automatic radio channel conversion when the busy subscriber moves from the service area of one cell site to that of
another by using automatic location confirmation and automatic radio channel conversion functions. The call state
can be maintained continuously by the information exchange between switching systems when the busy subscriber
moves from one Cellular system area to the other Cellular system area.
In the Cellular system, the cell site is a small-sized low output type and utilizes a frequency allocation system that
considers mutual interference, in an effort to enable the re-use of corresponding frequency from a cell site separated
more than a certain distance.
limited environment, the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system which is one of digital Cellular systems is
a multi-access technology under the interference limited environment. It can process more number of subscribers
compared to other systems (TDMA system has the processing capacity three times greater than the existing FDMA
system whereas CDMA system, about 12~15 times of that of the existing system).
CDMA system can be explained as follows; TDMA or CDMA can be used to enable each person to talk alternately
or provide a separate room for each person when two persons desire to talk with each other at the same time, whereas
carry out synchronization for hearing in case there is a bandpass filter function in the area of the hearer). Another
available method is to make two persons to sing in different languages at the same time, space, and frequency when
wishing to let the audience hear the singing without being confused. This is the characteristic of CDMA.
On the other hand, when employing the CDMA technology, each signal has a different pseudo-random binary
sequence used to spread the spectrum of carrier. A great number of CDMA signals share the same frequency
spectrum. In the perspective of frequency area or time area, several CDMA signals are overlapped. Among these
sequence; desired signals can be separated, and then received with the correlators used for recovering the spectrum
into its original state. At this time, the spectrums of other signals that have different codes are not recovered into its
original state, and appears as the self-interference of the system.
-determined binary
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quality calls.
combines them. Third, it can be obtained through the multiple cell site connection (Soft Handoff) that connects the
improved. However, because of this, the interference on other mobile stations using the same channel is increased
from the cell site.
set threshold value and then, issues out power increase/decrease commands to the
2. Features and Advantages of CDMA Mobile Phone
2.1 Various Types of Diversities
When employing the narrow band modulation (30kHz band) that is the same as the analog FM modulation system
used in the existing Cellular system, the multi-paths of radio waves create a serious fading. However, in the CDMA
broadband modulation (1.25MHz band), three types of diversities (time, frequency, and space) are used to reduce
serious fading problems generated from radio channels in order to obtain high-
Time diversity can be obtained through the use of code interleaving and error correction code whereas frequency
diversity can be obtained by spreading signal energy to wider frequency band. The fading related to normal
frequency can affect the normal 200~300KHz among signal bands and accordingly, serious effect can be avoided.
Moreover, space diversity (also called path diversity) can be realized with the following three types of methods.
First, it can be obtained by the duplication of cell site receive antenna. Second, it can be obtained through the use of
multi-signal processing device that receives a transmit signal having each different transmission delay time and then,
mobile station with more than two cell sites at the same time.
2.2 Power Control
The CDMA system utilizes the forward (from a base station to mobile stations) and backward (from the mobile
station to the base station) power control in order to increase the call processing capacity and obtain high-quality calls.
In case the originating signals of mobile stations are received by the cell site in the minimum call quality level (signal
to interference) through the use of transmit power control on all the mobile stations, the system capacity can be
maximized. If the signal power of mobile station is received too strong, the performance of that mobile station is
and accordingly, the call quality of other subscribers is reduced unless the maximum accommodation capacity is
reduced.
In the CDMA system, forward power control, backward open loop power control, and closed loop power control
methods are used. The forward power control is carried out in the cell site to reduce the transmit power on mobile
stations less affected by the multi-path fading and shadow phenomenon and the interference of other cell sites when
the mobile station is not engaged in the call or is relatively nearer to the corresponding cell site. This is also used to
provide additional power to mobile stations having high call error rates, located in bad reception areas or far away
The backward open loop power control is carried out in a corresponding mobile station; the mobile station measures
power received from the cell site and then, reversely increases/decreases transmit power in order to compensate
channel changes caused by the forward link path loss and terrain characteristics in relation to the mobile station in the
cell site. By doing so, all the mobile transmit signals received by the base station have same strength.
Moreover, the backward closed loop power control used by the mobile station is performed to control power using
the commands issued out by the cell site. The cell site receives the signal of each corresponding mobile station and
compares this with the pre-
corresponding mobile station every 1.25msec (800 times per second). By doing so, the gain tolerance and the
different radio propagation loss on the forward/backward link are complemented.
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One of the two voice encoders described in the above is selected for use depending on inputted automatic conditions
experiencing serious noise. In addition, in case the caller does not talk, data transmission rate is reduced so that the
The Transition to private long code mask will not be performed if authentication is not performed. To initiate a
from the cell site is the sum of interference generated from other mobile stations in the same cell site and interference
2.3 Voice Encoder and Variable Data Speed
The bi-directional voice service having variable data speed provides voice communication which employs voice
encoder algorithm having power variable data rate between the base station and the mobile station. On the other hand,
the transmit voice encoder performs voice sampling and then, creates encoded voice packets to be sent out to the
receive voice encoder, whereas the receive voice encoder demodulates the received voice packets into voice samples.
and message/data; both of them utilize four-stage frames of 9600, 4800, 2400, and 1200 bits per second for Cellular
and 14400,7200,3600,1800 bits per second for PCS, so PCS provide relatively better voice quality (almost twice
better than the existing cellular system). In addition, this type of variable voice encoder utilizes adaptive threshold
values on selecting required data rate. It is adjusted in accordance with the size of background noise and the data rate
is increased to high rate only when the voice of caller is inputted.
Therefore, background noise is suppressed and high-quality voice transmission is possible under the environment
transmission is carried out in low energy. This will reduce the interference on other CDMA signals and as a result,
improve system performance (capacity increased by about two times).
2.4 Protecting Call Confidentiality
Voice privacy is provided in the CDMA system by means of the private long code mask used for PN spreading.
Voice privacy can be applied on the traffic channels only. All calls are initiated using the public long code mask for
PN spreading. The mobile station user may request voice privacy during call setup using the origination message or
page response message, and during traffic channel operation using the long code transition request order.
transition to the private or public long code mask, either the base station or the mobile station sends a long code
transition request order on the traffic channel.
2.5 Soft Handoff
A handoff in which the mobile station commences communications with a new base station without interrupting
communications with the old base station. Soft handoff can only be used between CDMA channels having identical
frequency assignments.
2.6 Frequency Re-Use and Sector Segmentation
Unlike the existing analog Cellular system, the CDMA system can reuse the same frequency at the adjacent cell.
there is no need to prepare a separate frequency plan. Total interference generated on mobile station signals received
generated from the mobile station of adjacent cell site. That is, each mobile station signal generates interference in
relation to the signals of all the other mobile stations.
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The subscriber capacity of the CDMA system is flexible depending on the relation between the number of users and
Total interference from all the adjacent cell sites is the ratio of interference from all the cell sites versus total
interference from other mobile stations in the same cell site (about 65%). In the case of directional cell site, one cell
normally uses a 120πsector antenna in order to divide the sector into three. In this case, each antenna is used only for
1/3 of mobile stations in the cell site and accordingly, interference is reduced by 1/3 on the average and the capacity
that can be supported by the entire system is increased by three times.
2.7 Soft Capacity
service classes. For example, the system operator can increase the number of channels available for use during the
busy hour despite the drop in call quality. This type of function requires 40% of normal call channels in the standby
mode during the handoff, in an effort to avoid call disconnection resulting from the lack of channels.
In addition, in the CDMA system, services and service charges are classified further into different classes so that
more transmit power can be allocated to high class service users for easier call set-up; they can also be given higher
priority of using hand-off function than the general users.
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frequency band (824~894 MHz) and PCS frequency band (1850~1990MHz). Each separated path is linked with the
receivers (fingers). Digitalized IF signals include a great number of call signals that have been sent out by the
resistance can be improved a great deal by obtaining the diversity combined output for de
encoder via a mike. Then, they are encoded and forward errors are corrected through the use of convolution encoder.
3. Structure and Functions of Tri-band CDMA Mobile Phone
The hardware structure of CDMA mobile phone is made up of radio frequency (RF) part and logic part. The RF part
is composed of Receiver part (Rx), Transmitter part (Tx) and Local part (LO). For the purpose of operating on tri-
band, It is necessary dual Tx path, tri Rx path, dual PLL and switching system for band selection. The mobile phone
antenna is connected with the frequency separator which divide antenna input/output signals between Cellular
Cellular duplexer and PCS duplexer. Duplexer carries out separating Rx band and Tx band. The Rx signals from the
antenna are converted into intermediate frequency(IF) band by the frequency synthesizer and frequency down
converter. And then, pass SAW filter which is a band pass filter for removing out image frequency. The IF output
signals that have been filtered is converted into digital signals via Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). In front of the
ADC, switching system is required to choose which band path should be open. The digital signals send to 5
correlators in each CDMA de-modulator. Of these, one is called a searcher whereas the remaining 4 are called data
adjacent cells. These signals are detected with pseudo-noise sequence (PN Sequence). Signal to interference ratio
(C/I) on signals that match the desired PN sequence are increased through this type of correlation detection process,
but other signals obtain processing gain by not increasing the ratio. The carrier wave of pilot channel from the cell
site most adjacently located is demodulated in order to obtain the sequence of encoded data symbols. During the
operation with one cell site, the searcher searches out multi-paths in accordance with terrain and building reflections.
On three data receivers, the most powerful 3 paths are allocated for the parallel tracing and receiving. Fading
searcher can be used to determine the most powerful path from the cell sites even during the soft handoff between the
two cell sites. Moreover, 3 data receivers are allocated in order to carry out the de-modulation of these paths. Output
data that has been demodulated changes the data string in the combined data row as in the case of original
signals(deinterleaving), and then, are demodulated by the forward error correction decoder which uses the Viterbi
algorithm.
Mobile station user information send out from the mobile station to the cell site pass through the digital voice
Then, the order of code rows is changed in accordance with a certain regulation in order to remove any errors in the
interleaver. Symbols made through the above process are spread after being loaded onto PN carrier waves. At this
time, PN sequence is selected by each address designated in each call.
Signals that have been code spread as above are digital modulated (QPSK) and then, power controlled at the
automatic gain control amplifier (AGC Amp). Then, they are converted into RF band by the frequency synthesizer
synchronizing these signals to proper output frequencies.
Transmit signals obtained pass through the duplexer filter and then, are sent out to the cell site via the antenna.
-modulation. Moreover, the
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4.1.4 Battery Power Consumption : DC 3.7V
q
Unit = Hours : Minutes
4. Specification
4.1 General Specification
4.1.1 Transmit/Receive Frequency Interval :
1) CELLULAR : 45 MHz
2) PCS : 80 MHz
3) AWS : 400 MHz
4.1.2 Number of Channels (Channel Bandwidth)
1) CELLULAR : 20 Channels
2) PCS : 48 Channels
3) AWS : 36 Channels
4.1.3 Operating Voltage : DC 3.2~4.2V
SLEEPIDLEMAX POWER
CELLULAR1.2 mA 130mA500 mA (24.5dBm)
PCS1.2 mA130mA 500 mA (24.5dBm)
AWS1.2 mA130mA500 mA (24.5dBm)
4.1.5 Operating Temperature : -20
4.1.6 Frequency Stability
1)CDMA : ധ0.5PPM
2)PCS : ധ0.1PPM
3)AWS: ധ0.1PPM
4.1.7 Antenna : Internal Antenna, 50
4.1.8 Size and Weight
1) Size : 107.7 x 55 x 16.1 mm
2) Weight :130g
4.1.9 Channel Spacing
1)CELLULAR : 1.25MHz
2)PCS: 1.25 MHz
3)AWS : 1.25 MHz
4.1.10 Battery Type, Capacity and Operating Time.
C ~ +50qC
Standard (1250mAh)
Standby Time
Talk Time
LG Electronics Inc.
PCS (Slot Cycle 2)About 200 Hrs (SCI=2)
AWS (Slot Cycle 2)About 200 Hrs (SCI=2)
DCN (Slot Cycle 2)About 200 Hrs (SCI=2)
PCS (Slot Cycle 2)150 Min .(typical duplexer,10dBm output)
AWS (Slot Cycle 2)150 Min .(typical duplexer,10dBm output)
DCN (Slot Cycle 2)150 Min .(typical duplexer,10dBm output)
are combined with the signals of local oscillator (VCO) at the down conversion mixer(in QSC6075T) in
CHAPTER 3. Circuit Description
1. RF Transmit/Receive Part
1.1 Overview
The Tx and Rx part employs the Direct Conversion system. The Tx and Rx frequencies are respectively
824.04~848.97MHz and 869.04~893.97MHz for cellular and 1850~1910MHz and 1930~1990MHz for PCS.
The block diagram is shown in [Figure 1-1]. RF signals received through the antenna are seperated by
quintplexer. RF Signal fed into the low noise amplifier (in QSC6075T) through the quintplexer. Then, they
order to create Base-band frequency. Then, this signal is changed into digital signal by the analog to digital
converter (ADC, A/D Converter), and the digital circuit part of the QSC (Qualcomm Single Chip)6075T
processes the data from ADC. The digital processing part is a demodulator.
In the case of transmission, RF transmitter (in QSC6075T) receives QPSK-modulated analog signal from
the QSC6075T. In QSC6075T, the baseband quadrature signals are upconverted to the Cellular or PCS
frequency bands and amplified to provide signal drive capability to the power amp.
After that, the RF signal is amplified by the Power Amp in order to have enough power for radiation. Finally,
the RF signal is sent out to the cell site via the antenna after going through the coupler and quintplexer.
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[Figure 1-1] Block Diagram of MN510
RECEIVER
HandSet
Speaker
Headset
Backlight
(KEY, LCD)
speaker
from Handset
sensors
CP
Interface
Int’l bus I/F
manager
Interrupt
USB – OTG
Transceiver
User
Power on
Circuits
Mobile S/W
COUPLER
POWER
COUPLER
Dual Tx SAW
V_CTL
Tx gain
control
S/W
Dual PAM
AWS
DETECT
RF_TCXOF ref.
Handset
Headset
AUDIO
AMP
MIC
MIC
LPF
GPS LNA
Quadplexer
QS C 6075T
Interna l Func tions
P M Interfaces
P ower Management
AAC/AAC+,CMX,
SW support
MIDI, MP3,
Circuits
HKADC
Pre-GPS LNA
DCN LNA
PCS LNA
DCN Rx SAW
GRX LO
PCS Rx SAW
Analog / R F
LPF
EVRC, MIDI, MP3, QCELP
AAC/AAC+, AMR, CMX,
CODEC support
REF & CLK Generation
CRX LO Circuits
LPF
Tx Lo Circuits
Regulation
USB supply
DetectorsControllers
Chargers
LPF
LPF
Output Volgate
Input P ower Ma nagement
R F_T CXO
LPF
Internal F unctions
Q - FUSE
Security
LPF
Internal
Interal bus I/F
circuits
Status & Control
bus I/F
gpsOne proecssor
CDMA processor
1x voice & data
Air Interfaces
Rx front ends
CODEC I/F
Gain ctl
Control
circuits
Modem DSP QDSP4
Medem uP ARM926
Apps DSP QDSP4
o
Interfa ces with
Tx DACs
ther functions
P roces sors
B as eband
H
ous ekeeping
G enera l
Batt ery
VCTCXO
19.2MHz
Clock generation
JTAG / ETM
Digital Test Bus
JTAG
Modes & Resets
G PI O w/TL MM
AAT4292IJQ-T1
I/O EXPANDER
Graphics support
I2C
Charge Pump
(BD6083GUL)
Video support
Camera I/F
C amera
CAMERA MODULE
(2.0M Pixels)
(TSC2007IYZGR)
Touch Driver IC
(BU1851GUW)
QWERTY IC
UART2 / RUIM
USB - OTG
UART1
SDIO
BLUETOOTH
MICRO USB
BCM2046B1
Memory support
C onectivity
Keypad I/F
2G NAND Flash
MLCD :3.0’
MCP MEMORY
1G DDR
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LB LNA
LPF
LPF
359
S AFE A1G 73AA 0F0 0
F 140 2
[Figure 1-2] Block Diagram of MN510 RF Part
Mobile S/W
B9416
ALM - 1106 - TR1
B9415
QS C 6075
F1301
U1302
F1302
KMS - 518
U1301
RF_TCXOF ref.
GPS Ant.
XM0830SM-
BL0912
U1002
Quadtplexer
ACFM-7107
U1003
UPG2214TK
U1201
LDC151G862OQ -
HB LNA
UPG2214TK
U1401
SAFEB2G14FB0F00
SAFEB1G96FL0F00
F1403
ACPM - 7353
Dual PAM
SAFEB881MFM0F00
F1401
SAWEP836MFH2F00
U1101
U1106
Coupler
LDC15874M19Q - 360
C DMA Mode
U1102
U1 107 FS A415 7L6 X
ACMD-7609
LDC151G862OQ - 359
AWS PAM
DP1001
U1103
A
WT 6309 R
U
11 05
GRX LO Circuit
LPF
LPF
ADC Q
UPG2214TK
U1403
LPF
REF & CLK Generation
LPF
ADC I
XM0860SR-DL0801
U1402
CRX LO Circuits
LPF
LPF
LPF
LPF
bus I/F
ADC I
ADC Q
F1102
DETECT
POWER
V_CTL
LPF
Internal
circuits
Tx gain
control
Tx Lo Circuits
Gain ctl
circuits
Control
F 110 1
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1.2 Description of Rx Part Circuit
1.2.1 SPDT(Single Pole Double Throw) RF switch (U1002)
The main function of SPDT switch is to prohibit the other band signals from flowing into the one band circuit and vice
versa. RF designer can use common tri-band antenna regardless of frequency band (800, 1900 and 1700/2100 MHz).
The specification of MN240 SPDT switch is described below:
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