LevelOne ProCon GSW-4896 User Manual
GSW-4896
48-Port TP with 4-Port shared SFP L2 SNMP Gigabit Switch
User Manual
Ver. 1.01-0711
ii
Table of Contents
Caution ................................................................................................................................ v
Electronic Emission Notices............................................................................................... v
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................... 2
1-1. Overview of the switch................................................................................................ 2
1-2. Checklist....................................................................................................................... 4
1-3. Features........................................................................................................................ 4
1-4. View of the switch........................................................................................................ 6
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs) ............................................ 6
1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel ....................................................................................... 7
1-5. View of the Optional Modules .................................................................................... 8
2. Installation............................................................................................................9
2-1. Starting the switch Up................................................................................................. 9
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation......................................................................................... 9
2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail.............................................................11
2-1-3. Cabling Requirements ........................................................................................................11
2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of the switch............................................................ 17
2-1-5. IP Address Assignment...................................................................................................... 21
2-2. Typical Applications .................................................................................................. 26
3. Operation of Web-based Management ............................................................. 28
3-1. System......................................................................................................................... 30
3-1-1. System Information ........................................................................................................... 32
3-1-2. IP Configuration................................................................................................................ 34
3-1-3. Time Configuration ........................................................................................................... 37
3-1-4. Account Configuration ...................................................................................................... 40
3-1-5. Management Policy........................................................................................................... 42
3-2. Port Configuration .................................................................................................... 47
3-2-1.Port Status .......................................................................................................................... 47
3-2-2. Port Configuration............................................................................................................. 52
3-2-3. Simple Counter.................................................................................................................. 54
3-2-4. Detail Counter ................................................................................................................... 55
3-3. Storm .......................................................................................................................... 58
3-4. Mirror......................................................................................................................... 59
3-5. Filter ........................................................................................................................... 60
3-5-1. Bad Length ........................................................................................................................ 60
3-5-2. Unknown Encap. ............................................................................................................... 61
3-5-3. Unknown Ether-Type ........................................................................................................ 62
3-5-4. Unknown IP Protocol ........................................................................................................ 63
3-5-5. IPv4 Options...................................................................................................................... 64
3-5-6. Unknown Source ............................................................................................................... 65
3-6. QoS(Quality of Service) Configuration................................................................... 66
iii
3-6-1. Priority .............................................................................................................................. 66
3-6-2. Policer ............................................................................................................................... 76
3-6-3. Shaper................................................................................................................................ 77
3-6-4. Flow .................................................................................................................................. 78
3-6-5. Police-Flow ....................................................................................................................... 85
3-6-6. Mark .................................................................................................................................. 86
3-6-7. Mark-enable ...................................................................................................................... 87
3-7. ACL............................................................................................................................. 88
3-7-1. ACL Mode......................................................................................................................... 88
3-7-2. ACL/VLAN Mapping ....................................................................................................... 89
3-7-3. ACL Rule........................................................................................................................... 90
3-8. ACL QoS Load........................................................................................................... 91
3-9. User Defined............................................................................................................... 92
3-10. SNMP Configuration............................................................................................... 93
3-11. IGMP Snooping ....................................................................................................... 99
3-12. Trunk ...................................................................................................................... 103
3-13. STP Configuration..................................................................................................110
3-13-1. STP Status ......................................................................................................................110
3-13-2. STP Configuration..........................................................................................................112
3-13-3. STP Port Configuration ..................................................................................................114
3-14. GVRP Configuration..............................................................................................117
3-15. 802.1X Configuration............................................................................................ 123
3-16. Alarm Configuration............................................................................................. 134
3-17. Configuration......................................................................................................... 137
3-17-2. Config File .................................................................................................................... 143
3-18. Diagnostics ............................................................................................................. 144
3-19. Loop Detection....................................................................................................... 147
3-20. TFTP Server........................................................................................................... 148
3-21. Log .......................................................................................................................... 149
3-22. Firmware Upgrade................................................................................................ 151
3-23. Max. Packet Length .............................................................................................. 152
3-24. MAC Table............................................................................................................. 153
3-25. VLAN...................................................................................................................... 159
3-25-1. VLAN Mode ................................................................................................................. 159
3-25-2. VLAN Group ................................................................................................................ 161
3-25-3. Port Protocol.................................................................................................................. 165
3-25-4. Port VID ........................................................................................................................ 166
3-26. Reboot..................................................................................................................... 167
3-27. Logout..................................................................................................................... 168
4. Operation of CLI Management ....................................................................... 169
4-1. CLI Management .................................................................................................... 169
iv
4-1-1. Login ............................................................................................................................... 169
4-2. Commands of CLI................................................................................................... 171
4-2-1. Global Commands of CLI ............................................................................................... 172
4-2-2. Local Commands of CLI ................................................................................................. 178
5. Maintenance ........................................................................................................ 274
5-1. Resolving No Link Condition................................................................................. 274
5-2. Q&A ......................................................................................................................... 274
Appendix A Technical Specifications...................................................................... 275
Appendix B Null Modem Cable Specifications ...................................................... 279
v
Caution
Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity, which can damage their delicate
electronics. Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to
acquire a static electrical charge.
To protect your device, always:
• Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge before
you pick up the circuit device.
• Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only.
Electronic Emission Notices
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A
computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to
provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial
environment.
European Community (CE) Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements
of European Emission Standard EN55022/EN60555-2 and the Generic European Immunity
Standard EN50082-1.
EMC:
EN55022(1988)/CISPR-22(1985) class A
EN60555-2(1995) class A
EN60555-3
IEC1000-4-2(1995) 4K V CD, 8KV, AD
IEC1000-4-3(1995) 3V/m
IEC1000-4-4(1995) 1KV - (power line), 0.5KV - (signal line)
1
About this user’s manual
This user’s manual provides instructions on how to install your switch.
This guide also covers management options and detailed explanation about
hardware and software functions.
Overview of this user’s manual
Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of the switch
Chapter 2 “Installation”
Chapter 3 “Operation of Web-based Management”
Chapter 4 “Operation of CLI Management”
Chapter 5 “Maintenance”
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1. Introduction
1-1. Overview of the switch
The 48-port Gigabit L2 Managed Switch is a L2 management switch that
meets all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. The switch has 44
10/100/1000Mbps TP ports and 4 Gigabit TP/SFP transceiver slots. It supports
console, telnet, http and SNMP interface for switch management. The network
administrator can logon the switch to monitor, configure and control each port’s
activity in a friendly way. The overall network management is enhanced and the
network efficiency is also improved to accommodate high bandwidth applications. In
addition, the switch features comprehensive and useful function such as QoS
(Quality of Service), Spanning Tree, VLAN, Port Trunking, Bandwidth Control, Port
Security, SNMP/RMON, IGMP Snooping capability via the intelligent software. It is
suitable for both metro-LAN and office application.
In this switch, Port 45 to Port 48 include two types of media --- TP and SFP
Fiber (LC, BiDi LC...); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP
Fiber with auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for highspeed connection expansion.
1000Mbps LC, Multi-Mode, SFP Fiber transceiverT
1000Mbps LC, 10km, SFP Fiber transceiverT
1000Mbps LC, 30km, SFP Fiber transceiverT
1000Mbps LC, 50km, SFP Fiber transceiverT
1000Mbps BiDi LC, 20km, 1550nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
1000Mbps BiDi LC, 20km, 1310nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
T
10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE
802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver
is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000BaseSX/LX standards.
1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM (BiDi) transceiver is designed with an optic
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology that transports bi-directional
full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously.
For upgrading firmware, please refer to the Section 3-22 for more details.
The switch will not stop operating while upgrading firmware and after that, the
configuration keeps unchanged.
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•
Key Features in the Device
QoS:
Support Quality of Service by the IEEE 802.1P standard. There are two
priority queue and packet transmission schedule.
Spanning Tree:
Support IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w (RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol) standards.
VLAN:
Support Port-based VLAN and IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN. Support 256 active
VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.
Port Trunking:
Support static port trunking and port trunking with IEEE 802.3ad LACP.
Bandwidth Control:
Support ingress and egress per port bandwidth control.
Port Security:
Support allowed, denied forwarding and port security with MAC address.
SNMP/RMON:
SNMP agent and RMON MIB. In the device, SNMP agent is a client
software which is operating over SNMP protocol used to receive the
command from SNMP manager (server site) and echo the corresponded
data, i.e. MIB object. Besides, SNMP agent will actively issue TRAP
information when happened.
RMON is the abbreviation of Remote Network Monitoring and is a branch of
the SNMP MIB.
The device supports MIB-2 (RFC 1213), Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), RMON
MIB (RFC 1757)-statistics Group 1,2,3,9, Ethernet-like MIB (RFC 1643),
Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) and so on.
IGMP Snooping:
Support IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236): The function IGMP snooping is used
to establish the multicast groups to forward the multicast packet to the
member ports, and, in nature, avoid wasting the bandwidth while IP
multicast packets are running over the network.
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1-2. Checklist
Before you start installing the switch, verify that the package contains the
following:
48-port Gigabit L2 Managed Switch
Modules (optional)
Mounting Accessory (for 19” Rack Shelf)
This User's Manual in CD-ROM
AC Power Cord
RS-232 Cable
Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned
items is missing or damaged.
1-3. Features
The 48-port Gigabit L2 Managed Switch, a standalone off-the-shelf switch,
provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system
network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network.
•
Hardware
• 44 10/100/1000Mbps Auto-negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports
• 4 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense
• 400KB on-chip frame buffer
• Jumbo frame support
• Programmable classifier for QoS (Layer 4/Multimedia)
• 8K MAC address and 4K VLAN support (IEEE802.1Q)
• Per-port shaping, policing, and Broadcast Storm Control
• IEEE802.1Q-in-Q nested VLAN support
• Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure
• Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power, TP Port1-48: LINK/ACT,
10/100/1000Mbps, SFP Port 45-48: SFP(LINK/ACT)
•
Management
• Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration
• Supports per port traffic monitoring counters
• Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login
• Supports port mirror function
• Supports the static trunk function
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• Supports 802.1Q VLAN
• Supports user management and limits three users to login
• Maximal packet length can be up to 9216 bytes for jumbo frame application
• Supports DHCP Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or
crashed
• Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened
• Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current
configuration which is working on via web browser and CLI
• Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules
• Supports Quality of Service (QoS) for real time applications based on the
information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 4, such as VoIP
• Built-in web-based management and CLI management, providing a more
convenient UI for the user
• Supports port mirror function with ingress traffic
• Supports rapid spanning tree (802.1w RSTP)
• Supports 802.1X port security on a VLAN
• Supports user management and only first login administrator can configure the
device. The rest of users can only view the switch
• SNMP access can be disabled and prevent from illegal SNMP access
• Supports Ingress, Non-unicast and Egress Bandwidth rating management with a
resolution of 1Mbps
• The trap event and alarm message can be transferred via e-mail and mobile
phone short message
• Supports diagnostics to let administrator knowing the hardware status
• Supports external loopback test to check if the link is ok
• TFTP for firmware upgrade, system log upload and config file import/export
• Supports remote boot the device through user interface and SNMP
• Supports network time synchronization and daylight saving
• Supports 120 event log records in the main memory and display on the local
console
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1-4. View of the switch
1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)
There are 44 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 4 SFP fiber ports for optional
removable modules on the front panel of the switch. LED display area, locating on
the left side of the panel, contains a Power LED, which indicates the power status
and 48 ports working status of the switch.
Fig. 1-1 Full View of the switch
Fig. 1-2 Front View of the switch
Power Indication LED
RESET B
utton
:
RESET button is used to
reset the management
system.
SFP Fiber Port
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• LED Indicators
LED Color Function
System LED
POWER Green Lit when +5V DC power is on and good
CPU LED Green Blinks when CPU is activity
10/100/1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 44 LED
LINK/ACT Green
Lit when connection with remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
Off when cable connection is not good
10/100/1000Mbps
Green/
Amber
Lit green when 1000Mbps speed is active
Lit ember when 100Mbps speed is active
Off when 10Mbps speed is active
1000SX/LX Gigabit Fiber Port 45 to 48 LED
SFP(LINK/ACT) Green
Lit when connection with the remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
Off when module connection is not good
Table1-1
T
1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel
One RS-232 DB-9 interface is offered for configuration or management.
Fig. 1-3 Rear View of the switch
RS-232 DB
-
9 Connector
AC Lin
e 100
-
240V 50/60 Hz
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1-5. View of the Optional Modules
In the switch, Port 45~48 include two types of media --- TP and SFP Fiber
(LC, BiDi LC...); they support 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with
auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high-speed
connection expansion; the following are optional SFP types provided for the switch:
1000Mbps LC, MM, SFP Fiber transceiverT (SFP.0LC.202)T
1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber transceiverT (SFP.0LC.212.10)T
1000Mbps LC, SM 30km, SFP Fiber transceiverT (SFP.0LC.212.30)T
1000Mbps LC, SM 50km, SFP Fiber transceiverT (SFP.0LC.212.50)T
1000Mbps BiDi LC, type 1, SM 20km, SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
T(SFP.0BL.621.201)T
1000Mbps BiDi LC, type 2, SM 20km, SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
T(SFP.0BL.621.202)T
1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber transceiverT with DDM
(SFP.DLC.212.10)
T
Fig. 1-4 Front View of 1000Base-SX/LX LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
Fig. 1-5 Front View of T1000Base-LX BiDi LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
T
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2. Installation
2-1. Starting the switch Up
This section will give users a quick start for:
-
Hardware and Cable Installation
- Management Station Installation
- Software booting and configuration
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation
At the beginning, please do first:
⇒ Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge
⇒ Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power
source
• To install Optional
T
SFP TFiber Transceivers to the switch
T
Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.
• Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:
The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or unplug it
before or after powering on.
1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis
2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly
seated against the slot socket/connector
3. Install the media cable for network connection
4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into
slot(s)
5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done
Fig. 2
-1
Installation of
O
ptional
SFP Fiber
T
ransceiver
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•
T
TP Port and Cable Installation
T
⇒ In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of
cable, straight-through (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in
10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit TP) and
crossed-over (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 3, 6, 1, 2) can be used.
It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.
⇒ Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the
other end is connected to a network-aware device such as a workstation or a
server.
⇒ Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each RJ-45 port to be connected to a
Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.
Now, you can start having the switch in operation.
• TPower On
T
The switch supports 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply. The power
supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power. It does not
matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on, even
modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indicators will light up immediately
and then all off except the power LED still keeps on. This represents a reset of the
system.
• Firm
T
ware Loading
T
After resetting, the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory. It will
take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and
automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.
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2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail
Caution: Allow a proper spacing and proper air ventilation for the cooling fan
at both sides of the chassis.
⇒
Wear a grounding device for electrostatic discharge.
⇒
Screw the mounting accessory to the front side of the switch (See Fig. 2-2).
⇒
Place the Chassis into the 19-inch wiring closet rail and locate it at the proper
position. Then, fix the Chassis by screwing it.
2-1-3. Cabling Requirements
To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance
good, please take a care on the cabling requirement. Cables with worse
specification will render the LAN to work poorly.
Fig. 2-2
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2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports
⇒ For Fast Ethernet TP network connection
The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters.
⇒ Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection
The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.
2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module
It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber
media. Basically, there are two categories of fiber, multi mode (MM) and single
mode (SM). The later is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports.
They are SX, LX, LHX, XD, and ZX. From the viewpoint of connector type, there
mainly are LC and BIDI LC.
Gigabit Fiber with multi-mode LC SFP module
Gigabit Fiber with single-mode LC SFP module
Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1310nm SFP module
Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1550nm SFP module
The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not
listed here are available upon request.
Multi-mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth
Multi-mode 62.5/125µm Multi-mode 50/125µm
Modal
Bandwidth
Distance
Modal
Bandwidth
Distance
160MHz-Km 220m 400MHz-Km 500m
IEEE 802.3z
Gigabit Ethernet
1000SX 850nm
200MHz-Km 275m 500MHz-Km 550m
Single-mode Fiber 9/125µm
Single-mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km
1000BaseLX/LHX/XD/ZX
Single-mode transceiver 1550nm 30, 50Km
TX(Transmit) 1310nm
Single-Mode
*20Km
RX(Receive) 1550nm
TX(Transmit) 1550nm
1000Base-LX
Single Fiber
(BIDI LC)
Single-Mode
*20Km
RX(Receive) 1310nm
Table2-1
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2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology
• Takes the Delay Time into Account
Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch
cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications, in which
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3
series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.
The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:
1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber
Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512
Cat. 5 TP Wire:
11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire:
1.12/m
Fiber Cable: 1.0/m
Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56
Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)
Bit Time unit: 0.01µs (1sec./100 Mega bit)
Table 2-2
Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of
wires/devices must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network
segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You
may use the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and
provide the long haul connection.
• Typical Network Topology in Deployment
A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing
delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will
minimize the number of switches in any one path; will lower the possibility of
network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are
connected in the same network, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all
other switches to it at Level 2. Server/Host is recommended to connect to the Level
1 switch. This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.
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Case1: All switch ports are in the same local area network. Every port can access
each other (See Fig. 2-3).
If VLAN is enabled and configured, each node in the network that can
communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area.
Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using. The switch
supports both port-based VLAN and tag-based VLAN. They are different in practical
deployment, especially in physical location. The following diagram shows how it
works and what the difference they are.
Case2a: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-4).
1. The same VLAN members could not be in different switches.
Fig. 2
-3
No VLAN Configuration Diagram
Fig. 2-4 Port-based VLAN Diagram
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2. Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other.
3. The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups
at one switch.
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Case 2b: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-5).
1. VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLAN4 members.
2. VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN4 members.
T3.T
VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1, VLAN2 and VLAN4.
4. VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN2 members.
Case3a: The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID
(See Fig. 2-6).
T
Fig. 2-5 Port-based VLAN Diagram
Fig. 2-6 Attribute-based VLAN Diagram
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T
2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of the switch
T
We offer you three ways to startup the switch management function. They are RS232 console, CLI, and Web. Users can use any one of them to monitor and
configure the switch. You can touch them through the following procedures.
T
Section 2-1-4-1: TConfiguring the Management Agent of the switch through the
Serial RS-232 Port
T
Section 2-1-4-2: TConfiguring the Management Agent of the switch through the
Ethernet Port
T
Note: Please first modify the IP address, Subnet mask, Default gateway and DNS
through RS-232 console, and then do the next.
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2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of the switch through the Serial
RS-232 Port
To perform the configuration through RS-232 console port, the switch’s serial
port must be directly connected to a DCE device, for example, a PC, through
RS-232 cable with DB-9 connector. Next, run a terminal emulator with the default
setting of the switch’s serial port. With this, you can communicate with the switch.
In the switch, RS-232 interface only supports baud rate 57.6k bps with 8 data
bits, 1 stop bit, no parity check and no flow control.
To configure the switch, please follow the procedures below:
1.
Find the RS-232 DB-9 cable with female DB-9 connector bundled.
Normally, it just uses pins 2, 3 and 7. See also Appendix B for more
details on Null Modem Cable Specifications.
2.
Attaches the DB-9 female cable connector to the male serial RS-232
DB-9 connector on the switch.
3.
Attaches the other end of the serial RS-232 DB-9 cable to PC’s serial
port, running a terminal emulator supporting VT100/ANSI terminal with
The switch’s serial port default settings. For example,
Windows98/2000/XP HyperTerminal utility.
Note: The switch’s serial port default settings are listed as follows:
Baud rate 115200
Stop bits 1
Data bits 8
Parity N
Flow control none
4.
When you complete the connection, then press <Enter> key. The login
prompt will be shown on the screen. The default username and
password are shown as below:
Username = admin Password = admin
48-port L2 SNMP Managed Switch
Default IP Setting:
IP address = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Terminal or Terminal Emulator
Fig. 2-7
RS-232 cable with female
DB-9 connector at both ends
RS-232
AC Line 100
-
240V 50/60 Hz
RS-232 DB
-
9 Connector
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• Set IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway IP Address
Please refer to Fig. 2-7 CLI Management for details. They are default setting
of IP address. You can first either configure your PC IP address or change IP
address of the switch, next to change the IP address of default gateway and subnet
mask.
T
For example, your network address is 10.1.1.0, and subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
You can change the switch’s default IP address 192.168.1.1 to 10.1.1.1 and set the
subnet mask to be 255.255.255.0. Then, choose your default gateway, may be it is
10.1.1.254.
TT
Default Value Switch Your Network Setting
IP Address
192.168.1.1
10.1.1.1
Subnet
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
Default Gateway
192.168.1.254
10.1.1.254
Table 2-3
After completing these settings in the switch, it will reboot to have the
configuration taken effect. After this step, you can operate the management through
the network, no matter it is from a web browser or Network Management System
(NMS).
Fig. 2-8 the Login Screen for CLI
T
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2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of the switch through the
Ethernet Port
There are three ways to configure and monitor the switch through the
switch’s Ethernet port. They are CLI, Web browser and SNMP manager. The user
interface for the last one is NMS dependent and does not cover here. We just
introduce the first two types of management interface.
• Managing the switch through Ethernet Port
Before you communicate with the switch, you have to finish first the
configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch. Then,
follow the procedures listed below.
1. Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a
qualified UTP Cat. 5 cable with RJ-45 connector.
Note: If PC directly connects to the switch, you have to setup the same
subnet mask between them. But, subnet mask may be different for the PC
in the remote site. Please refer to Fig. 2-9 about the switch’s default IP
address information.
2. Run CLI or web browser and follow the menu. Please refer to Chapter 3
and Chapter 4.
48-port L2 Managed Switch
Default IP Setting:
IP = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Assign a reasonable IP address,
For example:
IP = 192.168.1.100
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Fig. 2
-9
Ethernet LAN
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Fig. 2-10
T
the Login Screen for Web
T
2-1-5. IP Address Assignment
For IP address configuration, there are three parameters needed to be filled
in. They are IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS.
IP address:
The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking
communication. Its address structure looks is shown in the Fig. 2-11. It is “classful”
because it is split into predefined address classes or categories.
Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and
host identifier in the 32 bits address. Each IP address comprises two parts: network
identifier (address) and host identifier (address). The former indicates the network
where the addressed host resides, and the latter indicates the individual host in the
network which the address of host refers to. And the host identifier must be unique
in the same LAN. Here the term of IP address we used is version 4, known as IPv4.
Network identifier Host identifier
Fig. 2-11 IP address structure
32 bits
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With the classful addressing, it divides IP address into three classes, class A,
class B and class C. The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast. The
bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is
denoted as IP address/X, for example, 192.168.1.0/24. Each class has its address
range described below.
Class A:
Address is less than 126.255.255.255. There are a total of 126 networks can
be defined because the address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for default route and
127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback function.
0
Class B:
IP address range between 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.255. Each class B
network has a 16-bit network prefix followed 16-bit host address. There are 16,384
(2^14)/16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 (2^16 -2) hosts per
network.
10
Class C:
IP address range between 192.0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255. Each class C
network has a 24-bit network prefix followed 8-bit host address. There are
2,097,152 (2^21)/24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 (2^8 -2)
hosts per network.
110
Bit # 0 1 7 8 31
Network address Host address
Bit # 01 2 15 16 31
Network address Host address
Bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24 31
Network address Host address
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Class D and E:
Class D is a class with first 4 MSB (Most significance bit) set to 1-1-1-0 and
is used for IP Multicast. See also RFC 1112. Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set
to 1-1-1-1 and is used for IP broadcast.
According to IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), there are three
specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal
network. We call it Private IP address and list below:
Class A 10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255
Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information.
Subnet mask:
It means the sub-division of a class-based network or a CIDR block. The
subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the
host address in bitwise basis. It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and
ease to manage IP network.
For a class B network, 128.1.2.3, it may have a subnet mask 255.255.0.0 in
default, in which the first two bytes is with all 1s. This means more than 60
thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network. It’s too large to
manage practically. Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network
prefix from 16 bits to, say 24 bits, that’s using its third byte to subnet this class B
network. Now it has a subnet mask 255.255.255.0, in which each bit of the first
three bytes is 1. It’s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B
network, the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and,
of course, the last byte is the host number.
Not all IP address is available in the sub-netted network. Two special
addresses are reserved. They are the addresses with all zero’s and all one’s host
number. For example, an IP address 128.1.2.128, what IP address reserved will be
looked like? All 0s mean the network itself, and all 1s mean IP broadcast.
10000000.00000001.00000010.1 0000000
25 bits
1 0000000
1 1111111
All 0s = 128.1.2.128
All 1s= 128.1.2.255
Subnet
Network
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In this diagram, you can see the subnet mask with 25-bit long,
255.255.255.128, contains 126 members in the sub-netted network. Another is that
the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask.
With this, you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched. The following
table shows the result.
Prefix Length
No. of IP matched
No. of Addressable IP
/32
1 -
/31
2 -
/30
4 2
/29
8 6
/28
16
14
/27
32
30
/26
64
62
/25
128
126
/24
256
254
/23
512
510
/22
1024
1022
/21
2048
2046
/20
4096
4094
/19
8192
8190
/18
16384
16382
/17
32768
32766
/16
65536
65534
Table 2-4
According to the scheme above, a subnet mask 255.255.255.0 will partition a
network with the class C. It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective
nodes existed in this sub-netted network and is considered a physical network in an
autonomous network. So it owns a network IP address which may looks like
168.1.2.0.
With the subnet mask, a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of
network. If we want to have more than two independent networks in a network, a
partition to the network must be performed. In this case, subnet mask must be
applied.
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