Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
Engine Indicator S1
Operating instructions
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
General
This operating manual provides instructions on how to use this product
properly, effectively and safely to the intended purpose. Please, do
read all instructions, notes on danger and warning attentively. Please
follow all safety hints and precaution notes in order to avoid damages
to people or property during the work process. LEUTERT cannot be
responsible for damages or injuries resulting from unsafe product use,
incorrect product operation or lack of maintenance.
The operating manual is directed mainly to technically trained personnel.
In case of uncertainty regarding the safety hints or the operation,
please do not hesitate to contact LEUTERT for help. Should you notice a
faulty description or depiction or if you would like to point out hints for
improvement, we are looking forward to hearing from you.
Please keep the operating instructions near the product to have it
available if needed. Make sure that the instructions are protected from
dirt and moisture.
Explanation of the different symbols:
DANGER
Immediate danger is possible causing severe injuries or even death if
you do not follow the instructions given.
WARNING
If you do not follow the warning, dangerous situations may occur
leading to severe injuries or even death.
CAUTION
Follow the instructions carefully, otherwise dangerous situations may
occur leading to injuries or damages to property.
NOTICE
Please follow the recommendations and instructions for a correct and
flawless operation of the device or measuring system.
2 Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
Contents
Safety Instruction ............................................................................... 4
Application and Product Description ................................................... 4
Technical specifications .......................................................................5
Spare Parts List ...................................................................................6
Design ............................................................................................... 7
Recording Mechanism ........................................................................ 8
Piston and Cylinder............................................................................. 8
Indicator Spring ..................................................................................9
Indicator Drum ................................................................................... 9
Drive of Recording Drum .................................................................. 10
Handling and Care of the Indicator ................................................... 10
Technical Advice for Taking Diagrams ............................................... 10
Leutert Indicators, Accessories and Testing Equipment ...................... 11
Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG 3
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
Safety Instruction
DANGER! Before using indicator, open indicator valve or cock,
blow out any dust, and close it again. Hot gas and particles may
be ejected. WEAR GLOVES AND SAFETY GLASSES!
Application and Product Description
The Leuter Indicator Type S1 can handle higher speeds and is, therefore,
the choice device where the helical spring indicators Type 50Z1 and
30/1 are no longer suitable.
It is a mechanical indicator that still records a clear diagram at speeds
above 800 min-1 and pressure change rates exceeding 24000 bar/sec.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic outlines of the Leutert bar spring indicator
drawing particular attention to its principal features. Contrary to the
indicators types 50Z1 and 30/1, the type S1 indicator has a bar spring
(2) instead of a double-coiled helical spring which - being a body of
almost equal resistant - is stressed by bending. The special design of its
indicator places its natural frequency far above that of indicators using a
helical spring. Consequently, type S1 indicator permits perfect diagrams
to be obtained at speeds up to about 2400 min
rates up to about 32000 bar/sec.
-1
and pressure change
The number of natural frequencies of the indicator is calculated about
(340/√f) + 40, f = scale of the bar spring to be used in mm/bar, referring
to the 1/1 piston.
Fig. 1 - Schematic drawing
4 Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
A piston of 1/1 with cylinder and the corresponding spring (see spring
table) permits the recording of pressures up to 100 bar. Therefore, a
change of piston is rarely required for this indicator when taking ordinary
engine diagrams, contrary to the instruments applying a helical spring.
When using a piston and cylinder of 1/2, pressures up to max. 200 bar
can be recorded. For precision measurements within the absolute
pressure range of approx. 1 bar, for example for taking partial diagrams
of the suction and exhaust stroke, the indicator can be equipped with a
2/1 piston and cylinder (refer to section „Indicator spring“).
The pressure range from 200 bar up to 2000 bar can be covered by our
indicator type S1.
Technical specifications
Measuring range : see spring table below
Engine sizes : up to n = 2,000 rpm or
max. dp/dt = 32 x 10³ bar/sec
Max. diagram : 25 mm / 60 mm (height / length)
Drum diameter : 30 mm
Paper size : 115 mm x 35 mm
Dimensions : 140 mm x 150 mm x 100 mm
Weight : 2.6 kg (without wooden box)
6.0 kg (with wooden box)
Natural frequency/sec : (340/f) + 40 (f = measuring scale)
Standard connection : W27 x 23.75 dia 10 tpi (W1-1/16”)
Table of Indicator Springs Type S1
Part-No.
1/1
2/1
1/2
1/5
4631.0.71.
Spring-No.
Piston size
Ø mm
20.27
Scale mm/bar
max. pressure / bar
28.67
Scale mm/bar
max. pressure / bar
14.38
Scale mm/bar
max. pressure / bar
9.06
Scale mm/bar
max. pressure / bar
3.5
6
7
3
1.75
12
0.7
30
01000
S / 5 bar
10
20
0.4
50
02000
S / 10 bar
2
4
5
1
1.25
16
2.5
8
0.625
32
0.25
80
03000
S / 16 bar
04000
S / 24 bar
1
24
2
12
0.5
48
0.2
120
0.75
32
1.5
16
0.375
64
0.15
160
05000
S / 32 bar
06000
S / 40 bar
0.6
40
1.2
20
0.3
80
0.12
200
0.5
50
1
25
0.25
100
0.1
250
07000
S / 50 bar
0.4
60
0.8
30
0.2
120
0.08
300
08000
S / 60 bar
09000
S / 70 bar
0.35
70
0.7
35
0.175
140
0.07
350
10000
S / 80 bar
0.3
80
0.6
40
0.15
160
0.06
400
Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG 5
11000
S / 100 bar
0.25
100
0.5
50
0.12
200
0.05
500
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
Spare Parts List
Item Description Part No.
1 Spring support 4631.0.11.03100
2 Bar spring as per spring table
3 Piston 1/1 4632.0.11.10200
4 Piston 1/2 4631.0.11.10200
5 Cylinder 1/1 4632.0.11.00001
6 Cylinder 1/2 4631.0.11.00001
7 Ring nut 4631.0.11.10100
8 Protective cover 4631.0.11.10001
9 Coupling nut 4631.0.11.03205
10 Wedge 4651.0.11.03102
11 Leaf spring 4631.0.11.03001
12 Guide pin 4631.0.11.03103
13 Pressure pin 4631.0.11.03104
14 Screw cap 4631.0.11.03105
15 Stop column 4631.0.11.03106
16 Link bolt, short 4631.0.11.11010
17 Link bolt, medium 4631.0.11.11011
18 Link bolt, long 4631.0.11.11012
19 Swing lever 4631.0.11.11004
20/49 Coupling link 4631.0.11.11006
21 Counter link 4631.0.11.11008
22 Stop disk 4631.0.11.11003
23 Retaining ring 4651.0.11.10004
24 Stop screw 4631.0.11.11003
25 Leaf spring 4631.0.11.12002
26 Knurled nut 4651.0.11.12001
27 Knurled handle 4651.0.11.11400
28 Drum spring 4631.0.11.01004
29 Drum nut 4631.0.11.01002
30 Oil nut 4631.0.11.01003
31 Drum axle 4631.0.11.01100
32 Paper clamp 4631.0.11.01203
33 Drum stopping screw 4631.0.11.01204
34 Drum screw 4631.0.11.01205
35 Drum cover 4631.0.11.01001
36 Nut M10 DIN 934 Mutter M10.0055
37 Nut M10 DIN 439 Mutter M10.0052
38 Screw M3x4 DIN 84 Zschrb M03.0040
39 Screw M2,5x10 Zschrb M02.0161
40 Screw M2,5x4 Zschrb M02.0147
41 Screw M1,7x4 Zschrb M01.0142
42 Locking washer 1,5 Seeg-S RS1.035
43 Spring support with
coupling nut compl. 4631.1.11.03000
44 Upper part, compl. 1/1 4632.0.11.10000
45 Upper part, compl. 1/2 4631.0.11.10000
6 Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
46/47 Recording mechanism 4631.0.11.11000
48 Recording lever compl. 4631.0.11.11100
50 Drum, compl. 4631.0.11.01000
51 Drum cylinder, compl. 4631.0.11.01200
52 Guide roll, compl. 4631.0.11.02000
Indicator spring and wooden scale as per table on page 5.
When ordering spare parts, please specify the serial number of your
Indicator and advise the part-no. in question.
Design
Fig. 2 - Design
Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG 7
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
Recording Mechanism
The detachable upper part of the indicator type S1 (fig. 3) forms one
single unit with the recording mechanism (46) and piston (3). Cover
(8) fastened by 2 screws protects the recording mechanism from
being damaged and only the recording lever protrudes from a slot in
the cover. For cleaning and oiling the links, take off the cover. We do
not recommend dismantling the links, for we abandoned the use of
screws to save weight, and the tiny rings securing the bolts cannot be
mounted without the application of special tools. Should the recording
mechanism be damaged, it is advisable to return the whole upper part
or rather the entire indicator to our works.
When inserting the upper part, first introduce the piston in its cylinder,
then tighten the ring nut (7) while moving the recording lever up and
down. The bent recording lever point which also serves as pencil for
recording on the wax-coated paper should touch the drum (50). The
pressure of the pencil on the drum is adjusted by turning the knurled
nut (26). The leaf spring below the knurled handle causes the recording
pencil to be lifted automatically off the drum. Leaf spring (11) arranged
laterally below the ring nut serves to prevent self-loosening.
Fig. 3 - Upper-part
Piston and Cylinder
As already mentioned under section 3, the piston forms one unit with
the upper part and is not interchangeable (see fig. 3). Each piston size
requires an upper part of its own. For exchanging the cylinder (5) remove
the upper part by loosening ring nut (7), then unscrew and exchange
the cylinder using the cylinder key supplied as cylinder accessory.
8 Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
Indicator Spring
On the type S1, the indicator spring (2) is a bar spring which is clamped
at one end into the conical seat of the spring support (1) using an
unteachable threaded bush. The spherical point of the spring is seated
in a bore of the piston rod. The spring, accurately ground to size, is
deflected by the force of the piston, and this deflection is transferred to
the recording pencil at the multiplication of 8:1 by the lever system. At
a maximum recording height of 25 mm, the piston makes movement
of approx. 3 mm only. At the front of the threaded bush the size of the
spring is engraved according to the maximum pressure, referred to 1/1
piston. The spring to be used should be selected from the spring table
according to the existing maximum pressure. An appropriate scale is
supplied with each spring.
Should the maximum pressure be unknown, begin with the strongest
spring, selecting the proper one after measuring the pressure of the
indicator. In case too weak a spring is selected, it will not do any harm
to the indicator since the piston way is restricted by hitting against a
stop in the upper part, thus avoiding overloading the spring.
Practically the same thing happens when measuring an absolute pressure
of 1 bar abs. with a weak spring. Everything above 1,5 bar - using for
example a spring No. S1/1,5 bar and a piston 1/1 - is not recording
because the piston is limited by a stop. When inserting the spring, take
care that the guide pin (12) in the spring support (1) engages into the
groove of the spring cone and that the spherical point is inserted easily
into the hole of the piston rod. In order to achieve this, move the upper
part of the indicator to and from with the knurled handle, whilst the
other hand carefully screws-in the spring. Only once the point of the
spring is firmly seated in the hole of the piston rod, the screwed bush
should be firmly tightened by the special key in the box.
Indicator Drum
In view of the high speed this indicator is intended to be used on, the
drum of 30 mm dia. with the bar spring extending through the drilled
axle is designed with a minimum of mass without sacrifice in strength.
The return movement of the drums is effected by a built - in spring
(28), the tension of which may be adjusted as desired by turning drum
cover (35). After loosening the oil nut (30) and the drum nut (29) above
the drum cover, the drum can be drawn off its axle very easily. The
drum axle has an elastic drum stop and carries at its lower end, which
protrudes out of the spring support, the swiveling cord guide roll (52)
for the drum cord.
Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG 9
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
Drive of Recording Drum
Many engines, particularly the high speed ones for which the bar
spring indicator has specifically been designed, do not have indicating
rods since for high speeds it would be very difficult to catch the cord.
Therefore, in practice diagrams are often drawn by hand.
The drum drive makes it possible to take perfect diagrams also on high
speed engines. The drum drive essentially consists of a crank gear with
connecting rod and piston; it is a reduced copy of the motor. The piston
which drives the indicator drum by a steel band, runs synchronously
with the crank shaft of the engine to be tested. Coupling to the engine
is effected either directly or by toothed gear or chain wheels.
For details refer to special leaflet.
Handling and Care of the Indicator
Always remember, the Leutert bar spring indicator is a high precision
instrument that should always be treated accordingly if it is to meet
the requirements. Never use sharp polishing material, such as emery
paper, polishing paste etc. to clean dirty pistons and cylinders, as the
piston clearance would soon exceed the admissible play in the cylinder.
The best means to avoid clogging and oil crusts is a careful cleaning
with a soft cloth and new oiling of piston with SHC-Mobil-Oil after
each application of the indicator (oil bottle in box). After removal of the
protecting cover, the links of the recording mechanism should also be
oiled now and then with a drop of the same oil. The same applies for
the drum bearings by squirting oil into the bore of the drum shaft after
unscrewing oil nut (30).
Being very precise measuring springs, the bar springs are to be treated
carefully and put back into the recess in the box immediately after use.
Blows will alter the scale of the spring. The receiving cone of the springs
should always be slightly greased.
Technical Advice for Taking Diagrams
Prior to taking diagrams check whether the indicator is in perfect
condition, whether the proper spring according to the expected pressure
is applied and whether the ring of the upperpart is tightened firmly.
Furthermore, check whether the drum drive operates properly and
whether the drum swings freely without knocking against drum stop.
The diagram paper should fit tightly around the drum without wrinkling,
for loose paper is torn by the pencil.
10 Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
Please get accustomed to marking every diagram paper with the
respective engine data, such as: serial number and type of engine,
number of the cylinders, number of revolutions, load factor etc., besides,
serial number of the indicator, size of the spring and piston. These data
may be of great importance in case of eventual claims, since the working
conditions can only be judged when diagrams can be shown provided
with such data.
The indicating channel between engine cylinder and valve of the
indicator should be as short and as large as possible and have a diameter
of the least 8 mm. Large and short passages are less liable to produce
antechamber ignitions or gas oscillations.
The pressure applied to the pencil should be adjusted such as to obtain
a fairly visible diagram. Too strong a friction of the pencil will falsify the
diagram and may lead easily to a tearing of the paper. The bent point
forming the pencil of the recording lever to record on waxed paper may
be sharpened, in case of requirement, by a polishing file and any burrs
should be taken off the new point by polishing paper.
When taking diagrams, engage the drum drive; draw the zero line,
quickly open the valve and press the pencil momentarily on the drum.
According to the number of revolutions of the engine, the pencil should
rest on the paper a very short time only, otherwise bundles of diagrams
are produced. Close the valve again immediately. Considering the high
stress of the recording mechanism, the life of the indicator would be
shortened if the valve is left open too long. This refers also to the drum
drive. After having finished taking diagrams, let the indicator cool down,
unscrew the spring, take off the upper part, clean piston and cylinder
and oil them, also oil the links, then assemble the indicator again and
put it back in its box.
Our Engineering Service will gladly give you recommendations.
Leutert Indicators, Accessories and Testing Equipment
– Model 50Z1 for low pressure-change rates
– Model 30/1 for high pressure-change rates
– Peak Pressure Indicator MSI-3
– Digital Pressure Indicator DPI-2
– Valves, cord guide rolls, diagram paper, cord and steel tape,
indicator cord, spring testing devices
Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG 11
Engine Indicator S1 - Operating instructions
© Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG, Adendorf, 2007
This document including all of its parts is protected by copyright.
Any utilization outside of the copyright law is not permitted without
explicit permission from LEUTERT and may be punishable. This applies
in particular to duplications of any kind, translations and transfer into
electronic systems.
Subject to change without notice
Issued: 13 March 2009
12 Friedrich Leutert GmbH & Co. KG
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