LeCroy XI, WaveRunner 44XI, WaveRunner 64XI, WaveRunner 62XI, WaveRunner 104MXI Operator's Manual
...
WAVERUNNER®
XI SERIES OSCILLOSCOPES
Operator’sManual
FEBRUARY,2008
LeCroy Corporation
700 Chestnut Ridge Road
Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977–6499
Tel: (845) 578 6020, Fax: (845) 578-5985
Internet:
© 2008 by LeCroy Corporation. All rights reserved.
LeCroy, ActiveDSO, JitterTrack, WavePro, WaveMaster, WaveSurfer, WaveLink, WaveExpert, and Waverunner
are registered trademarks of LeCroy Corporation. Other product or brand names are trademarks or requested
trademarks of their respective holders. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
www.lecroy.com
Manufactured under an ISO 9000 Registered
Quality Management System
Visit www.lecroy.com
to view the certificate.
WRXi-OM-E Rev B
915907 Rev A
This electronic product is subject to disposal and
recycling regulations that vary by country and
region. Many countries prohibit the disposal of
waste electronic equipment in standard waste
receptacles.
For more information about proper disposal and
recycling of your LeCroy product, please visit
www.lecroy.com/recycle
.
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................12
HowtoUseOn‐lineHe
TypeStyles.........................................................................................................................................................................12
InstrumentHelp.................................................................................................................................................................12
WindowsHel
ReturningaP
TechnicalSup
p..........................................................................................................................................................12
roductforServiceorRepair...............................................................................................................12
port....................................................................................................................................................13
StayingUp‐to‐Date...................................................................................................................................................13
Specifications...........................................................................................................................................................13
VerticalSystem..................................................................................................................................................................13
HorizontalSystem..............................................................................................................................................................15
AcquisitionSystem.............................................................................................................................................................16
AcquisitionModes.............................................................................................................................................................16
AcquisitionProcessing.......................................................................................................................................................16
TriggeringSystem..............................................................................................................................................................17
BasicTriggers.....................................................................................................................................................................17
SMARTTriggers.................................................................................................................................................................17
AutomaticSetup................................................................................................................................................................18
Probes................................................................................................................................................................................18
ColorWaveformDisplay............................................................................................................................... .....................18
AnalogPersistenceDisplay................................................................................................................................................18
ZoomExpansionTraces.....................................................................................................................................................18
RapidSignalProcessing.....................................................................................................................................................18
InternalWaveformMemory..............................................................................................................................................18
SetupStorage.....................................................................................................................................................................18
Interface.............................................................................................................................................................................19
AuxiliaryInput....................................................................................................................................................................19
AuxiliaryOutput.................................................................................................................................................................19
MathTools(standard).......................................................................................................................................................19
MeasureTools(standard)..................................................................................................................................................20
Pass/FailTesting................................................................................................................................................................20
General..............................................................................................................................................................................20
WarrantyandService........................................................................................................................................................21
EnvironmentalCharacteristics...........................................................................................................................................21
Certifications......................................................................................................................................................................21
CEDeclarationofConformity............................................................................................................................................21
Warranty..................................................................................................................................................................22
WindowsLicenseAgr
End‐UserLi
censeAgreementForLeCroy®X‐StreamSoftware...............................................................................23
SAFETYREQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................................................28
SafetySymbolsandTerms.................................................................................................................................................28
OperatingEn
CoolingR
vironment...........................................................................................................................................28
equirements..............................................................................................................................................29
ACPowerSource......................................................................................................................................................30
PowerandGr
oundConnections..............................................................................................................................30
On/StandbySwit
Calibration................................................................................................................................................................31
Cleaning....................................................................................................................................................................31
AbnormalConditions...............................................................................................................................................31
FRONTPANELCONTROLS.........................................................................................................................32
FrontPanelButtonsandKn
lp..........................................................................................................................................12
eement..................................................................................................................................23
ch..................................................................................................................................................30
obs...............................................................................................................................32
WRXi-OM-E Rev B iii
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
TriggerControl
HorizontalControls............................................................................................................................................................32
VerticalControls.................................................................................................................................................................33
ZoomControls....................................................................................................................................................................33
SpecialFeaturesControls...................................................................................................................................................33
GeneralControlButtons.....................................................................................................................................................34
s..................................................................................................................................................................32
ON‐SCREENTOOLBARS,ICONS,ANDDIALOGBOXES......................................................................................35
MenuBarBu
GridArea..................................................................................................................................................................36
TraceDes
DialogBoxes.............................................................................................................................................................38
AlternateAc
MouseandKeyboardOperation........................................................................................................................................38
ToolBarButtons.................................................................................................................................................................38
TraceA
ToAnnotateaWaveform...................................................................................................................................................39
ToTurnOnaChannelTra
ttons....................................................................................................................................................35
criptors.....................................................................................................................................................37
cessMethods............................................................................................................................... ........38
nnotation.....................................................................................................................................................39
ceLabel...........................................................................................................................41
INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................................................41
Power‐Up.................................................................................................................................................................41
HardwareConnections............................................................................................................................................42
SoftwareStatus........................................................................................................................................................42
AddingaNewOp
tion...............................................................................................................................................42
RestoringSoftware...................................................................................................................................................42
RestartingtheApplication.................................................................................................................................................42
RestartingtheOperatingSystem.......................................................................................................................................42
ExternalMo
MonitorHookup............................................................................................................................... ..................................43
VideoSetup........................................................................................................................................................................43
DefaultSe
AddingaNewOp
nitor......................................................................................................................................................42
ttings........................................................................................................................................................44
tion...............................................................................................................................................44
RestoringSoftware...................................................................................................................................................45
RestartingtheApplication.................................................................................................................................................45
RestartingtheOperatingSystem.......................................................................................................................................45
CONNECTINGTOASIGNAL.......................................................................................................................45
ProBusInterface.......................................................................................................................................................45
AuxiliaryOu
AuxiliaryOu
tputSignals...........................................................................................................................................45
tputSetup.............................................................................................................................................46
PROBES...............................................................................................................................................46
ProbeCompensation...............................................................................................................................................48
SAMPLINGMODES.................................................................................................................................48
SelectingaSa
Single‐shotSamplingMo
BasicCaptureTechnique....................................................................................................................................................49
SequenceSa
SequenceModeSetup............................................................................................................................... .........................50
SequenceDisplayModes....................................................................................................................................................51
DisplayingIndividualSegments.........................................................................................................................................52
ViewingTimeStamps.........................................................................................................................................................52
RISSa
mplingMode‐ForHigherSamplingRates.....................................................................................................52
RollMo
mplingMode......................................................................................................................................49
de.....................................................................................................................................49
mplingMode‐WorkingwithSegments..............................................................................................49
de.................................................................................................................................................................53
iv WRXi-OM-E Rev D
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
VERTICALSETTINGSANDCHANNELCONTROLS...............................................................................................53
AdjustingSensitivityandPo
SensitivityAdjustment.......................................................................................................................................................53
Adjustingth
eWaveform'sPosition.........................................................................................................................54
Coupling...................................................................................................................................................................54
OverloadProtection............................................................................................................................... ............................54
CouplingSetup...................................................................................................................................................................54
ProbeAttenuation...................................................................................................................................................54
ProbeAttenuationSetup...................................................................................................................................................54
BandwidthLi
BandwidthLimitingSetup..................................................................................................................................................55
mit.......................................................................................................................................................55
Averaging.................................................................................................................................................................55
Linearand(Si
InterpolationSetup............................................................................................................................................................55
InvertingWaveforms.........................................................................................................................................................55
nX)/XInterpolation............................................................................................................................55
QuickZoom...............................................................................................................................................................55
TurningOnaZoom............................................................................................................................................................55
FindingSc
ale............................................................................................................................................................55
UsingFindScale.................................................................................................................................................................55
VariableGain............................................................................................................................................................56
EnablingVariableGain......................................................................................................................................................56
ChannelDeskew.......................................................................................................................................................56
ChannelDeskewSetup.......................................................................................................................................................56
TIMEBASEANDACQUISITIONSYSTEM..........................................................................................................56
TimebaseSe
DualChannelAcquisition.........................................................................................................................................56
CombiningofChannels......................................................................................................................................................56
CombiningChannels..........................................................................................................................................................57
Autosetup.................................................................................................................................................................57
tupandControl....................................................................................................................................56
TRIGGERING..........................................................................................................................................57
TriggerSe
DeterminingTriggerLevel,Slope,Sour
TriggerSource..........................................................................................................................................................59
Level.........................................................................................................................................................................60
HoldoffbyTi
SimpleTri
SMARTTrigg
tupConsiderations...................................................................................................................................57
TriggerModes....................................................................................................................................................................57
TriggerTypes.....................................................................................................................................................................57
meorEvents........................................................................................................................................60
HoldOffbyTime................................................................................................................................................................60
HoldOffbyEvents..............................................................................................................................................................61
ggers.........................................................................................................................................................61
EdgeTriggeronSimpleSignals..........................................................................................................................................61
ControlEdgeTriggering.....................................................................................................................................................61
EdgeTriggerSetup.............................................................................................................................................................62
WidthTrigger.....................................................................................................................................................................63
QualifiedTrigger................................................................................................................................................................64
Pattern(Logic)Trigger.......................................................................................................................................................65
LogicApplications..............................................................................................................................................................65
TVTrigger..........................................................................................................................................................................66
ers........................................................................................................................................................67
GlitchTrigger.....................................................................................................................................................................67
IntervalTrigger..................................................................................................................................................................68
DropoutTrigger.................................................................................................................................................................70
sition............................................................................................................................53
ce,andCoupling.........................................................................................59
WRXi-OM-E Rev B v
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
RuntTrigger.......................................................................................................................................................................71
SlewRateTrigger...............................................................................................................................................................71
DISPLAYFORMATS.................................................................................................................................71
SequenceModeDisplay.....................................................................................................................................................72
PersistenceSe
SaturationLevel.................................................................................................................................................................73
3‐DimensionalPersistence.................................................................................................................................................73
ShowLastTr
PersistenceTim
PersistenceSe
tup.....................................................................................................................................................72
ace.......................................................................................................................................................75
e......................................................................................................................................................75
tup.....................................................................................................................................................75
ScreenSaver.............................................................................................................................................................75
MovingTrace
MovingaChannelorMathTrace......................................................................................................................................76
ZoomingWa
ZoomingaSingleChannel..................................................................................................................................................77
ZoomingbyTouch‐and‐Drag.............................................................................................................................................77
VaryingtheDegreeofZoom..............................................................................................................................................77
QuicklyZoomingMultipleWaveforms...............................................................................................................................78
Multi‐Zoom........................................................................................................................................................................78
XYDisplay...........................................................................................................................................................................79
sfromGridtoGrid.............................................................................................................................76
veforms................................................................................................................................................76
SAVEANDRECALL..................................................................................................................................79
SavingandRecallingOscill
SavingOscilloscopeSettings..............................................................................................................................................80
RecallingOscilloscopeSettings..........................................................................................................................................80
RecallingDefaultSettings..................................................................................................................................................80
SavingSc
reenImages...............................................................................................................................................80
SavingandRecallingWav
SavingWaveforms.............................................................................................................................................................81
RecallingWaveforms.........................................................................................................................................................82
DiskUtilities.............................................................................................................................................................82
DeletingaSingleFile..........................................................................................................................................................82
DeletingAllFilesinaFolder............................................................................................................................... ................83
CreatingaFolder................................................................................................................................................................83
oscopeSettings..............................................................................................................79
eforms.............................................................................................................................81
PRINTINGANDFILEMANAGEMENT............................................................................................................83
Print,Plot,orCopy...................................................................................................................................................83
Printing............................................................................................................................... ......................................83
PrinterSetup......................................................................................................................................................................83
Printing...............................................................................................................................................................................83
AddingPrintersandDrivers...............................................................................................................................................84
ChangingtheDefaultPrinter.............................................................................................................................................84
ManagingF
HardDiskPartitions...........................................................................................................................................................84
iles.........................................................................................................................................................84
100BASE‐TETHERNETCONNECTION..........................................................................................................84
ConnectingtoaNetwork............................................................................................................................... ..........84
CommunicatingovertheN
FileandPrinterSharingoveraNe
WindowsSetups.................................................................................................................................................................85
WindowsRepairDisk.........................................................................................................................................................86
etwork...........................................................................................................................84
twork..................................................................................................................84
TRACKVIEWS.......................................................................................................................................86
CreatingandViewingaTre
CreatingaTr
ackView..............................................................................................................................................86
nd..................................................................................................................................86
vi WRXi-OM-E Rev D
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
HISTOGRAMS........................................................................................................................................87
CreatingandViewingaHis
SingleParameterHistogramSetup....................................................................................................................................87
ViewingThumbnailHistograms.........................................................................................................................................88
PersistenceHistogram.......................................................................................................................................................88
PersistenceTraceRange....................................................................................................................................................89
PersistenceSigma..............................................................................................................................................................89
HistogramPa
rameters.............................................................................................................................................90
HistogramTheoryofOper
DSOProcess.......................................................................................................................................................................96
ParameterBuffer...............................................................................................................................................................97
CaptureofParameterEvents.............................................................................................................................................97
HistogramPa
rameters(XMAPandJTA2Options)...................................................................................................97
HistogramPeaks......................................................................................................................................................98
BinningandMeasure
WAVEFORMMEASUREMENTS...................................................................................................................99
MeasuringwithCursors...........................................................................................................................................99
CursorMeasurementIcons................................................................................................................................................99
CursorsSetup.........................................................................................................................................................100
QuickDisplay...................................................................................................................................................................100
FullSetup.........................................................................................................................................................................100
OverviewofParameters........................................................................................................................................100
TurningOnParameters....................................................................................................................................................100
QuickAccesstoParameterSetupDialogs.......................................................................................................................100
StatusSymbols.................................................................................................................................................................101
UsingX‐StreamBrowsertoObtainStatusInformation...................................................................................................101
Statistics.................................................................................................................................................................102
ApplyingaMeasureMo
MeasureMo
StandardVerticalParameters..........................................................................................................................................103
StandardHorizontalParameters.....................................................................................................................................103
MyMeasure.....................................................................................................................................................................103
ParameterMath(WRXi‐XM
LogarithmicParameters..................................................................................................................................................103
ParameterScriptParameterMath..................................................................................................................................104
ParamScriptvs.PScript..................................................................................................................................................104
ParameterMathSetup....................................................................................................................................................105
ParameterScriptMathSetup..........................................................................................................................................105
MeasureGat
MeasureGateSetup........................................................................................................................................................106
HelpMark
SettingUpHelpMarkers..................................................................................................................................................108
TurningOffHelpMarkers................................................................................................................................................108
CustomizingaParameter.......................................................................................................................................108
FromtheMeasureDialog................................................................................................................................................108
FromaVerticalSetupDialog...........................................................................................................................................109
FromaMathSetupDialog...............................................................................................................................................109
ParameterCa
ParametersandHowTheyWork.....................................................................................................................................109
DeterminingTimeParameters.........................................................................................................................................110
DeterminingDifferentialTimeMeasurements................................................................................................................111
LevelandSlope................................................................................................................................................................111
ListofParameters..................................................................................................................................................111
des.....................................................................................................................................................102
e........................................................................................................................................................106
ers..........................................................................................................................................................107
lculations..........................................................................................................................................109
togram...........................................................................................................................87
ation...............................................................................................................................96
mentAccuracy.......................................................................................................................99
de.....................................................................................................................................102
ATHorWRXi‐XMAPoptionrequired)........................................................................103
WRXi-OM-E Rev B vii
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
WAVEFORMMATH..............................................................................................................................126
IntroductiontoMat
MathMad
eEasy....................................................................................................................................................126
ToSetUpaMathFunction...............................................................................................................................................126
ResamplingToDeskew..........................................................................................................................................127
ToResample.....................................................................................................................................................................127
RescalingandAssigningUnits................................................................................................................................127
RescalingSetup................................................................................................................................................................129
AveragingWaveforms............................................................................................................................................129
Summedvs.ContinuousAveraging..................................................................................................................................129
ContinuousAveragingSetup............................................................................................................................................131
SummedAveragingSetup................................................................................................................................................131
EnhancedRe
HowtheInstrumentEnhancesResolution.......................................................................................................................131
EnhancedRe
solution.............................................................................................................................................131
solution(ERES)Setup........................................................................................................................134
WaveformCopy.....................................................................................................................................................134
WaveformSp
WaveformSparserSetup.................................................................................................................................................135
Interpolation..........................................................................................................................................................135
InterpolationSetup..........................................................................................................................................................135
FFT..................................................................................................................................................135
WhyUseFF
Power(Densi
MemoryforFFT................................................................................................................................................................136
FFTPitfallstoAvoid................................................................................................................................................136
PicketFe
Leakage..................................................................................................................................................................136
ChoosingaWindow...............................................................................................................................................136
ImprovingDynamicRan
RecordLength........................................................................................................................................................137
FFTAlgorithms.......................................................................................................................................................138
FFTGlossary...........................................................................................................................................................139
FFTSe
SettingUpanFFT.............................................................................................................................................................141
T?.........................................................................................................................................................135
nceandScallop........................................................................................................................................136
tup................................................................................................................................................................141
ANALYSIS...........................................................................................................................................142
Pass/FailTesting.....................................................................................................................................................142
ComparingParameters....................................................................................................................................................142
MaskTests.......................................................................................................................................................................143
Actions.............................................................................................................................................................................143
SettingUpPass/FailTesting...................................................................................................................................144
InitialSetup......................................................................................................................................................................144
ComparingaSingleParameter........................................................................................................................................144
ComparingDualParameters............................................................................................................................................145
MaskTesting....................................................................................................................................................................146
WAVESCAN........................................................................................................................................147
IntroductiontoWaveScan.....................................................................................................................................147
SignalViews.....................................................................................................................................................................147
SearchModes...................................................................................................................................................................148
ParameterMeasurements...............................................................................................................................................148
SamplingMode................................................................................................................................................................148
SourceView...........................................................................................................................................................148
hTracesandFunctions..........................................................................................................126
arser.................................................................................................................................................134
ty)Spectrum.....................................................................................................................................136
ge.....................................................................................................................................137
viii WRXi-OM-E Rev D
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
LevelMarkers...................................................................................................................................................................148
ScanOverlayView..................................................................................................................................................149
ScanHi
ZoomView.............................................................................................................................................................151
WaveScanSearc
WaveScanF
UTILITIES............................................................................................................................................160
Status.....................................................................................................................................................................160
Remotecom
Hardcopy................................................................................................................................................................161
AuxOutp
SettingtheDa
Options...................................................................................................................................................................163
Preferences............................................................................................................................................................164
AcquisitionStat
Service....................................................................................................................................................................166
ShowWindo
TouchSc
CUSTOMIZATION..................................................................................................................................167
CustomizingYourInstru
CallingExcelfr
stogramView.............................................................................................................................................150
hModes.......................................................................................................................................153
EdgeMode.......................................................................................................................................................................153
Non‐monotonicMode......................................................................................................................................................154
RuntMode.......................................................................................................................................................................155
MeasurementMode........................................................................................................................................................157
ScanFilters............................................................................................................................... ........................................158
iltering.................................................................................................................................................159
FilterWizard....................................................................................................................................................................159
FilterMethods..................................................................................................................................................................159
AccessingtheStatusDialog.............................................................................................................................................160
munication........................................................................................................................................160
RemoteCommunicationSetup........................................................................................................................................160
ConfiguringtheRemoteControlAssistantEventLog......................................................................................................161
Printing............................................................................................................................................................................161
Clipboard..........................................................................................................................................................................161
File...................................................................................................................................................................................162
E‐Mail...............................................................................................................................................................................162
ut.............................................................................................................................................................162
teandTime.....................................................................................................................................162
ManuallySettingtheDateandTime............................................................................................................................... 163
SettingtheDateandTimefromtheInternet...................................................................................................................163
SettingtheDateandTimefromWindows.......................................................................................................................163
AudibleFeedback.............................................................................................................................................................164
Auto‐calibration...............................................................................................................................................................164
OffsetControl...................................................................................................................................................................164
DelayControl...................................................................................................................................................................164
TriggerCounter................................................................................................................................................................165
PerformanceOptimization...............................................................................................................................................165
E‐mail...............................................................................................................................................................................165
us..................................................................................................................................................166
wsDesktop........................................................................................................................................166
reenCalibration.......................................................................................................................................166
ment................................................................................................................................167
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................167
Solutions..........................................................................................................................................................................168
Examples..........................................................................................................................................................................168
WhatisExcel?..................................................................................................................................................................171
WhatisMathcad?...........................................................................................................................................................171
WhatisMATLAB?............................................................................................................................................................171
WhatisVBS?....................................................................................................................................................................172
Whatcanyoudowithacustomizedinstrument?...........................................................................................................173
omYourInstrument.......................................................................................................................174
WRXi-OM-E Rev B ix
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
CallingExc
SelectingaMathFu
SelectingaPa
TheEx
celControlDialog........................................................................................................................................174
EnteringaFil
OrganizingEx
SettingtheVe
TraceDes
MultipleIn
elDirectlyfromtheInstrument.......................................................................................................................174
nctionCall...............................................................................................................................174
rameterFunctionCall......................................................................................................................174
eName..............................................................................................................................................175
celsheets..........................................................................................................................................175
rticalScale.......................................................................................................................................176
criptors...................................................................................................................................................176
putsandOutputs..................................................................................................................................176
Examples................................................................................................................................................................177
SimpleExcelExample1....................................................................................................................................................177
SimpleExcelExample2....................................................................................................................................................179
ExponentialDecayTimeConstantExcelParameter(ExcelExample1)............................................................................181
GatedParameterUsingExcel(ExcelExample2)..............................................................................................................182
HowDoesthisWork?.......................................................................................................................................................183
CorrelationExcelWaveformFunction(ExcelExample3).................................................................................................183
MultipleTracesonOneGrid(ExcelExample4)................................................................................................................184
UsingaSurfacePlot(ExcelExample5)............................................................................................................................186
WritingVBScrip
TypesofScriptsinVBS.....................................................................................................................................................186
LoadingandSavingVBScripts..........................................................................................................................................187
Thedefaultparameterfunctionscript:explanatorynotes..............................................................................................190
ScriptingwithVBScript.....................................................................................................................................................191
VariableTypes..................................................................................................................................................................191
VariableNa
ArithmeticOp
ResultsofCalculations.....................................................................................................................................................193
OrderofCalculations.......................................................................................................................................................193
ts..................................................................................................................................................186
mes......................................................................................................................................................191
erators.............................................................................................................................................192
VBSControls...........................................................................................................................................................194
IF...Then...Else...EndIf...........................................................................................................................................194
SummaryofIf....Then....Else....................................................................................................................................196
SelectCase.......................................................................................................................................................................196
SummaryofSelectCase....EndSelect..........................................................................................................................197
Do...Loop......................................................................................................................................................................197
While...Wend................................................................................................................................................................198
For...Next......................................................................................................................................................................198
VBSkeyword
OtherVBSWords..............................................................................................................................................................200
sandfunctions..................................................................................................................................199
Functions................................................................................................................................................................200
HintsandTi
psforVBScripting................................................................................................................................201
Errors......................................................................................................................................................................202
ErrorHandli
SpeedofExe
ScriptingIdea
ExampleWav
ExampleParameterSc
ng........................................................................................................................................................203
cution................................................................................................................................................204
s........................................................................................................................................................205
eformScript......................................................................................................................................205
ripts....................................................................................................................................205
DebuggingScripts...................................................................................................................................................205
HorizontalControlVariable
s..................................................................................................................................206
VerticalControlVariables......................................................................................................................................206
ListofVariablesAvailabletoScrip
CommunicatingwithEx
celfromaVBScript...........................................................................................................207
ts......................................................................................................................206
x WRXi-OM-E Rev D
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
CallingMATLABfromtheInstrument....................................................................................................................208
CallingMATLAB...............................................................................................................................................................208
HowtoSel
TheMATL
MATLABWaveformFun
MATLABExa
HowtoSel
TheMATL
TheMATL
MATLABExa
FurtherExamplesofMATLABWaveformFu
CreatingYourOwnMA
CUSTOMDSO......................................................................................................................................216
CustomDSO...........................................................................................................................................................216
LABNOTEBOOK....................................................................................................................................227
IntroductiontoLabNotebo
Preferences............................................................................................................................................................227
CreatingaNo
RecallingNotebookEntries....................................................................................................................................230
CreatingaRe
CreatingtheReport................................................................................................................................................231
FormattingtheReport...........................................................................................................................................232
ManagingNotebookEnt
ectaWaveformFunctionCall..............................................................................................................209
ABWaveformControlPanel..................................................................................................................209
ctionEditor‐Example.....................................................................................................210
mpleWaveformPlot..........................................................................................................................211
ectaMATLABParameterCall...............................................................................................................212
ABParameterControlPanel..................................................................................................................212
ABParameterEditor..............................................................................................................................213
mpleParameterPanel.......................................................................................................................213
nctions..............................................................................................214
TLABFunction...................................................................................................................215
Introduction–WhatisCustomDSO?...............................................................................................................................216
InvokingCustomDSO.......................................................................................................................................................216
CustomDSOBasicMode...................................................................................................................................................216
EditingaCustomDSOSetupFile.......................................................................................................................................217
CreatingaCustomDSOSetupFile....................................................................................................................................218
CustomDSOPlugInMode.................................................................................................................................................219
CreatingaCustomDSOPlugIn..........................................................................................................................................219
PropertiesoftheControlanditsObjects.........................................................................................................................220
RemovingaPlugin...........................................................................................................................................................222
FirstExamplePlugIn–ExchangingTwoTracesontheGrids...........................................................................................222
SecondExamplePlugIn–Log‐LogFFTPlot......................................................................................................................225
ControlVariablesinCustomDSO......................................................................................................................................227
ok................................................................................................................................227
MiscellaneousSettings....................................................................................................................................................227
HardcopySetup................................................................................................................................................................227
E‐mailSetup.....................................................................................................................................................................227
tebookEntry.....................................................................................................................................228
port...................................................................................................................................................230
PreviewingaReport.........................................................................................................................................................230
LocatingaNotebookEntry..............................................................................................................................................231
ryData............................................................................................................................232
AddingAnnotations.........................................................................................................................................................232
DeletingNotebookEntries...............................................................................................................................................232
SavingNotebookEntriestoaFolder................................................................................................................................233
ManagingtheDatabase..................................................................................................................................................233
StartingaNewDatabase.................................................................................................................................................233
WRXi-OM-E Rev B xi
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
A
INTRODUCTION
How to Use On-line Help
Type Styles
Activators of pop-up text and images appear as green, underlined, italic: Pop-up. To close pop-up text and
images after opening them, touch the pop-up text again.
Links jump you to other topics, URLs, or images. They take you out of the current Help screen. Link text appears
blue and underlined: Link
window to return to the Help screen you just left. With each touch of the Back icon, you return to the preceding
Help screen.
Instrument Help
When you press the front panel Help button (if available), or touch the on-screen Help button ,
you will be presented with a menu: you can choose either to have information found for you automatically or to
search for information yourself.
If you want context-sensitive Help, that is, Help related to what was displayed on the screen when you requested
. After making a jump, you can touch the Back icon in the toolbar at the top of the Help
Help, touch
or knob) that you need information about. The instrument will automatically display Help about that control.
If you want information about something not displayed on the screen, touch one of the buttons inside the dropdown menu to display the on-line Help manual:
Contents displays the Table of Contents.
Index displays an alphabetical listing of keywords.
Search locates every occurrence of the keyword that you enter.
www.LeCroy.com
pplication Notes, and other useful information. This feature requires that the instrument be
connected to the internet through the Ethernet port on the oscilloscope's rear panel. Refer
to Remote Communication for setup instructions.
About opens the Utilities Status dialog, which shows software version and other system
information.
Once opened, the Help window will display its navigation pane: the part of the window that shows the Table of
Contents and Index. When you touch anywhere outside of the Help window, this navigation pane will disappear to
reveal more of your signal. To make it return, touch the Show
inside the Help information pane.
in the drop-down menu, then touch the on-screen control (or front panel button
connects you to LeCroy's Web site where you can find Lab Briefs,
icon at the top of the Help window or touch
Windows Help
In addition to instrument Help, you can also access on-line Help for Microsoft® Windows®. This help is accessible
by minimizing the oscilloscope application, then touching the Start button in the Windows task bar at the bottom
of the screen and selecting Help.
Returning a Product for Service or Repair
If you need to return a LeCroy product, identify it by its model and serial numbers. Describe the defect or failure,
and give us your name and telephone number.
For factory returns, use a Return Authorization Number (RAN), which you can get from customer service. Write
the number clearly on the outside of the shipping carton.
12 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
Return products requiring only maintenance to your local customer service center.
If you need to return your oscilloscope for any reason, use the original shipping carton. If this is not possible, be
sure to use a rigid carton. The oscilloscope should be packed so that it is surrounded by a minimum of four inches
(10 cm) of shock absorbent material.
Within the warranty period, transportation charges to the factory will be your responsibility. Products under
warranty will be returned to you with transport prepaid by LeCroy. Outside the warranty period, you will have to
provide us with a purchase order number before the work can be done. You will be billed for parts and labor
related to the repair work, as well as for shipping.
You should prepay return shipments. LeCroy cannot accept COD (Cash On Delivery) or Collect Retu rn
shipments. We recommend using air freight.
Technical Support
You can get assistance with installation, calibration, and a full range of software applications from your customer
service center. Visit the LeCroy Web site at http://www.lecroy.com for the center nearest you.
Staying Up-to-Date
To maintain your instrument’s performance within specifications, have us calibrate it at least once a year. LeCroy
offers state-of-the-art performance by continually refining and improving the instrument’s capabilities and
operation. We frequently update both firmware and software during service, free of charge during wa rranty.
You can also install new purchased software options in your oscilloscope yourself, without having to return it to
the factory. Simply provide us with your instrument serial number and ID, and the version number of instrument
software installed. We will provide you with a unique option key that consists of a code to be entered through the
Utilities' Options dialog to load the software option.
Specifications
Note: Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Vertical System
• Bandwidth @ 50 ohms (-3 dB):
10 mV/div to 1 V/div 400 MHz
WaveRunner 44Xi
WaveRunner 64Xi
WaveRunner 62Xi
WaveRunner 104MXi and
WaveRunner 104Xi
5 mV/div to 9.9 m/div 400 MHz
2 mV/div to 4.95 m/div 150 MHz
10 mV/div to 1 V/div 600MHz
5 mV/div to 9.9 m/div 500 MHz
2 mV/div to 4.95 m/div 150 MHz
10 mV/div to 1 V/div 600 MHz
5 mV/div to 9.9 m/div 500 MHz
2 mV/div to 4.95 m/div 150 MHz
10 mV/div to 1 V/div 1 GHz
5 mV/div to 9.9 m/div 800 MHz
2 mV/div to 4.95 m/div 350 MHz
WaveRunner 204Xi
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 13
10 mV/div to 1 V/div 2 GHz
5 mV/div to 9.9 m/div 1 GHz
2 mV/div to 4.95 m/div 350 MHz
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
• Bandwidth @ 1 Mohms (-3 dB) - typical:
WaveRunner 44Xi
WaveRunner 64Xi
WaveRunner 62Xi
WaveRunner 104MXi and
WaveRunner 104Xi
WaveRunner 204Xi
• Input Channels: 4 (model 62Xi: 2)
• Calculated Rise Time: 10 mV/div to 1 V/div, 50 ohms (input risetime >/= 50 ps):
WaveRunner 44Xi
WaveRunner 64Xi
WaveRunner 62Xi
WaveRunner 104MXi and
WaveRunner 104Xi
WaveRunner 204Xi
10 mV/div to 10 V/div 400 MHz
10 mV/div to 10 V/div 500 MHz
10 mV/div to 10 V/div 500 MHz
5 mV/div to 10 V/div
2 mV/div to 4.95 mV/div
5 mV/div to 10 V/div
2 mV/div to 4.95 mV/div
875 ns
625 ps
625 ps
400 ps
225 ps
500 MHz
350 MHz
500 MHz
350 MHz
• Bandwidth Limiters:
o Full
o 200 MHz
o 20 MHz
• Input Capacitance, using PP008 probe: < 9.5 pF (typical)
• Input Capacitance of Channel (1/1, 1/10, 1/100): < 20 pF (typical)
• Input Impedance: 1 Mohms // 16 pF or 50 ohms; WR104MXi, WR104Xi, WR204Xi: 1 Mohms // 20 pF or 50
ohms
• Input Coupling: 50 ohms: DC, GND; 1 Mohms: AC, DC, GND
•
• Installation (Overvoltage) Category: CAT I
• Channel-to-Channel Isolation: > 40 dB @ < 100 MHz (> 30 dB @ full bandwidth)
• Vertical Resolution: 8 bits; up to 11 bits with enhanced resolution (ERES)
• Sensitivity: 50 ohms: 2 mV to 1 V/div fully variable; 1 Mohms: 2 mV to 10 V/div fully variable
Max Input Voltage (1/1, 1/10): 50 ohms: 5 V
1 Mohms: 400 V max. (peak AC: </= 5 kHz + DC) WR104MXi, WR104Xi, WR204Xi: 50 ohms: 5 Vrms; 1
Mohms: 250 V max. (DC + Peak AC </= 10 kHz)
; 1 microsecond pulse, 50% duty cycle: ±10 V
rms
peak
14 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
• DC Gain Accuracy: ±1.0% of full scale (typical):
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
• Offset Range:
±1.5%
±2.5%
±3.5%
50 ohms
>/= 10 mV/div
5 mV/div
2 mV/div
±100 µV @ 2.0 to 10 mV/div
±200 µV @ 10.1 to 20 mV/div
±500 µV @ 20.1 to 50 mV/div
±1 mV @ 51 mV to 100 mV/div
±2 mV @ 102 to 200 mV/div
±5 mV @ 202 to 500 mV/div
±10 mV @ 502 mV to 1 V/div
±20 mV @ 1.02 to 2 V/div
±50 mV @ 2.02 to 5 V/div
±100 mV @ 5.02 to 10 V/div
±100 µV @ 2.0 to 10 mV/div
±200 µV @ 10.1 to 20 mV/div
±500 µV @ 20.1 to 50 mV/div
±1 mV @ 51 mV to 100 mV/div
±2 mV @ 102 to 200 mV/div
1 Mohms
±5 mV @ 202 to 500 mV/div
±10 mV @ 502 mV to 1 V/div
±20 mV @ 1.02 to 2 V/div
±50 mV @ 2.02 to 5 V/div
±100 mV @ 5.02 to 10 V/div
• Offset Accuracy: Fixed gain setting < 2 V/div: ±(1.5% of offset value + 0.5% of full scale value + 1 mV)
• Variable gain and settings >/= 2 V/div: ±(1.5% of offset value + 1.0% of full scale value + 1 mV)
• Probing System: BNC or ProBus
Horizontal System
• Timebases: Internal timebase common to all input channels; an external clock can be ap plied at the auxiliary
input
• Time/div Range: Real time: 200 ps/div to 10 s/div, RIS mode: 200 ps/div to 10 ns/div (WR104MXi, WR104Xi,
WR204Xi: 100 ps/div to 10 ns/div), Roll mode: up to 1,000 s/div
• Math & Zoom Traces: 4 math/zoom traces standard
• Clock Accuracy: </= 5 ppm at 25 °C (</= 10 ppm at 5 to 40 °C)
• Jitter Noise Floor: 2 ps rms typical @ 100 mV/div
• Time Interval Accuracy: Clock Accuracy + Jitter Noise Floor
• Sample Rate & Delay Time Accuracy: equal to Clock Accuracy
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 15
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
• Trigger & Interpolator Jitter: </= 3 ps rms (typical)
• Channel-to-Channel Deskew Range: ±9 x time/div setting
• Interpolator Resolution: 1.2 ps
• External Sample Clock (2-channel operation only; Ch 2 only in WaveRunner 62Xi): DC to 600 MHz; 50
ohm (limited BW in 1 Mohm), BNC input, limited to 2 Ch operation (1 Ch in 62Xi), minimum rise time and
amplitude requirements apply at low frequencies.
Threshold
TTL 50 3 250
TTL 1 M 3 350
ECL 50 0.2 150
ECL 1 M 0.2 250
0 Cross 50 0.2 150
0 Cross 1 M 0.2 250
• Roll Mode: User selectable; available at lower time/div settings
Impedance
(ohms)
Minimum
V
p-p
Minimum Slew Rate
(mV/ns)
Acquisition System
Single-shot Sample Rate/Ch: 5 GS/s
WaveRunner
44Xi
All Channels
Interleaved
• 2 Channel Max.: 10 GS/s
5 GS/s 5 GS/s 5 GS/s 5 GS/s 5 GS/s
5 GS/s 10 GS/s 10 GS/s 10 GS/s 10 GS/s
WaveRunner
64Xi
WaveRunner
62Xi
WaveRunner
104MXi/Xi
WaveRunner
204Xi
Maximum Acquisition Points/Ch - 2 Ch/4 Ch
Standard
VL Memory Option
• Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS): 200 GS/s
• Trigger Rate: 1,250,000 waveforms per second
10M/20M
12.5M/25M
Acquisition Modes
• Single-shot: For transient and repetitive signals: 20 ps/div to 1000 s/div
• Sequence: 1000 segments standard
• Sequence Time Stamp Resolution: 1 ns
• Intersegment Time: 800 ns
Acquisition Processing
• Time Resolution (minimum, single-shot): 200 ps (5 GS/s); 100 ps (10 GS/s)
• Averaging: Summed averaging to 1 million sweeps; Continuous averaging to 1 million sweeps
• Enhanced Resolution (ERES): from 8.5 to 11 bits vertical resolution
• Envelope (Extrema): Envelope, floor, roof for up to 1 million sweeps
16 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
• Interpolation: Linear, (sinx)/x
Triggering System
• Modes: Normal, Auto, Single, and Stop
• Sources: Any input channel, External, Ext/10, or line; slope and level are unique to each source (except line)
• Coupling Mode: GND, DC 50 ohms, DC 1 Mohms, AC 1 Mohms
• Pre-trigger Delay: 0 to 100% of memory size (adjustable in 1% increments or 100 ns)
• Post-trigger Delay: 10,000 divisions in real time mode; limited at slower time/div settings
• Holdoff by Time or Events: 1 ns to 20 s or from 1 to 99,999,999 events
• Internal Trigger Range: ±4.1 div from center (typical)
• Trigger and Interpolator Jitter: </= 3 ps
(typical)
rms
• Maximum Trigger Sensitivity with Edge Trigger (Ch1-4 + external):
44Xi 64Xi 62Xi 104MXi/Xi 204Xi
2 div @ < 400 MHz
1 div @ < 200 MHz
2 div @ < 600 MHz
1 div @ < 200 MHz
2 div @ < 600 MHz
1 div @ < 200 MHz
2 div @ < 1 GHz
1 div @ < 200 MHz
2 div @ < 2 GHz
1 div @ < 200 MHz
• Maximum Trigger Frequency with SMART Trigger (Ch1-4 + external):
44Xi 64Xi 62Xi 104MXi/Xi 204Xi
400 MHz
@ >/= 10 mV
600 MHz
@ >/= 10 mV
600 MHz
@ >/= 10 mV
1 GHz
@ >/= 10 mV
2 GHz
@ >/= 10 mV
• Trigger Level DC Accuracy: ±4% of full scale ±2 mV (typical)
• External Trigger Range: EXT/10 ±4 V; EXT ±400 mV
Basic Triggers
• Edge/Slope/Line: Triggers when the signal meets the slope and level condition.
• Width: Triggers on positive or negative pulse widths selectable from 500 ps to 20 s or on intermittent faults
(subject to bandwidth limit of oscilloscope).
• Pattern: Logic combination (AND, NAND, OR, NOR) of 5 inputs (4 channels and external trigger input – 2
Ch+EXT on WaveRunner 62Xi). Each source can be high, low, or don’t care. The High and Low level can be
selected independently. Triggers at start or end of the pattern.
• State or Edge Qualified: Triggers on any input source only if a defined state or edge occurred on another
input source. Delay between sources is selectable by time or events.
• TV: Provides stable triggering on standard or custom composite video signals. Use them on PAL, SECAM, or
NTSC systems. Optional HDTV Trigger for 1080i, 1080p and 720p formats along with non-standard formats
up to 2000 lines.
SMART Triggers
• Dropout: Triggers if the input signal drops out for longer than a selectable time-out between 1 ns and 20 s.
• Glitch: Triggers on positive or negative glitches with widths selectable from 500 ps to 20 s or on intermittent
faults (subject to bandwidth limit of oscilloscope).
• Signal or Pattern Interval: Triggers on intervals selectable from 1 ns to 20 s.
• Runt: Trigger on positive or negative runts defined by two voltage limits and two time limits. Select between 1
ns and 20 s.
• Slew Rate: Activates a trigger when the rising or falling edge of a pulse crosses two threshold levels, an
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 17
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
upper level and a lower level.
Automatic Setup
• Autosetup: Automatically sets timebase, trigger, and sensitivity to display a wide range of repetitive signals.
• Vertical Find Scale: Automatically sets the vertical sensitivity and offset for the selected channels to display
a waveform with maximum dynamic range.
Probes
• Probes: One PP008 probe per channel standard (WR104MXi, WR104Xi, WR204Xi: one PP007 per channel);
optional passive and active probes are available.
• Probe System - ProBus: Automatically detects and supports a wide variety of compatible probes
• Scale Factors: Automatically or manually selected depending on probe used
Color Waveform Display
• Type: Color 10.4-inch flat panel TFT LCD with high resolution touch screen
• Resolution: SVGA; 800 x 600 pixels; maximum external monitor output resolution of 2048 x 1536 pixels
• Real Time Clock: Date, hours, minutes, and seconds displayed with waveform; accurate to ±50 ppm; SNTP
support to synchronize to precision internet clocks
• Number of Traces: Maximum of eight traces; simultaneously displays channel, zoom, memory, and math
traces
• Grid Styles: Single, Dual, Quad, Octal, XY, Single+XY, Dual+XY
• Waveform Display Styles: Sample dots joined or dots only
Analog Persistence Display
• Analog and Color-graded Persistence: Variable saturation levels; stores each trace's persistence data in
memory
• Persistence Selections: Select analog, color, or 3-D
• Trace Selection: Activate Analog Persistence on all or any combination of traces
• Persistence Aging Time: From 500 ms to infinity
• Sweeps Displayed: All accumulated or all accumulated with last trace highlighted
Zoom Expansion Traces
Display up to 4 Math/Zoom traces
Rapid Signal Processing
• Processor: Intel® 2.0 GHz or better with MS Windows® XP Pro Platform
• Processing Memory: 256 MB Standard; 512 MB with VL options
Internal Waveform Memory
Waveform: M1, M2, M3, M4 (Store full-length waveforms with 16 bits/data point.) Or save to any number of files
(limited only by data storage media).
Setup Storage
Front Panel and Instrument Status: Save to the internal hard drive or to a USB-connected peripheral device.
18 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
Interface
• Remote Control: Through Windows® Automation or LeCroy remote command set
• GPIB Port (optional): Supports IEEE-488.2
• Ethernet Port: 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface (RJ-45 connector)
• USB Ports: 5 USB ports (one at front of oscilloscope) support Windows compatible devices.
• External Monitor Port (standard): 15-pin D-Type SVGA compatible DB-15; connect a second monitor to use
dual monitor display mode
• Parallel Port: 1 standard
• Serial Port: DB-9 COM1 port (not for remote control of oscilloscope)
Auxiliary Input
Signal Types: Select External Trigger or Clock input on front panel.
Auxiliary Output
• Signal Types: Select from calibrator signal on front panel or control signals output from rear panel BNC.
• Calibrator Signal: 250 Hz to 1 MHz square wave or DC level; 50 mV to 1.0 V (selectable) into 1 kohms
• Control Signals: trigger enabled, trigger out, pass/fail status, or off
Math Tools (standard)
Display up to four math function traces (F1 to F4). The easy-to-use graphical interface simplifies setup of up to
two operations on each function trace. Function traces can be chained together to perform math-on-math.
• absolute value
• average (summed)
• average (continuous)
• copy
• derivative
• deskew (resample)
• difference (-)
• enhanced resolution (to 11 bits vertical)
• envelope
• exp (base e)
• exp (base 10)
• fft (power spectrum, magnitude, phase)
• floor
• histogram of 1,000 events
• integral
• ln (log base e)
• log (base 10)
• MATLAB math
• product (X)
• ratio (/)
• reciprocal
• rescale (with units)
• roof
• segment
• segment
• (sinx)/x
• square
• square root
• sum (+)
• trend (datalog) of 1,000 events
• invert (negate)
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 19
• zoom (identity)
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
Measure Tools (standard)
Display any 8 parameters together with statistics, including their average, high, low, and standard deviations.
Histicons provide a fast, dynamic view of parameters and wave shape characteristics.
• amplitude
• area
• base
• cycles
• delay
• delta delay
• delta time @ level
• Dtrig time
• duration
• duty cycle
• fall time (90-10%, 80-20%, @ level)
• first
• frequency
• last
• level @ x
• MATLAB param
• mean
• median
• minimum
• number of points
• overshoot+
• overshoot-
• peak-to-peak
• period
• phase
• rise time (10-90%, 20-80%, @ level)
• rms
• std. deviation
• time @ level
• top
• width
• width negative
• maximum
• x @ minimum
• x @ maximum
Pass/Fail Testing
Test multiple parameters against selectable parameter limits at the same time. Pass or fail conditions can initiate
actions including: document to local or networked files, email the image of the failure, save waveforms, send a
pulse out at the front panel auxiliary BNC output, or (with GPIB option) send a GPIB SRQ.
General
• Auto Calibration: Ensures specified DC and timing accuracy is maintained for 1 year minimum.
• Power Requirements: Single phase, 100 to 240 V
(±10%) at 400 Hz (±5%); Automatic AC voltage selection
V
rms
Voltage Range:
Frequency Range:
90 to 264 V
(±10%) at 50/60 Hz (±5%); or single phase, 100 to 120
rms
90 to 132 V
rms
47 to 63 Hz 380 to 420 Hz
rms
20 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
• Power Consumption: 340 watts (340 VA) max., WaveRunner 62Xi: 290 W (290 VA), depending on
accessories installed (probes, PC port plug-ins, etc.); Standby State: 12 watts
• Physical Dimensions (HWD): 260 mm x 340 mm x 152 mm (10.2 in. x 13.4 in. x 6.0 in.); height
measurement excludes foot pads
• Weight: 6.95 kg (15.3 lbs.)
Warranty and Service
3-year warranty; calibration recommended yearly
Optional service programs include extended warranty, upgrades, and calibration services.
Environmental Characteristics
TEMPERATURE
• Operating: 5 to 40 °C
• Storage (non-operating): -20 to +60 °C
H
UMIDITY
• Operating: Maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to 31 °C decreasing linearly to 50% relative
humidity at 40 °C.
• Storage (non-operating): 5 to 95% RH (non-condensing) as tested per MIL-PRF-28800F
A
LTITUDE
• Operating: Up to 2,000 m
• Storage (non-operating): 12,192 m (40,000 ft)
R
ANDOM VIBRATION
• Operating: 5 Hz to 500 Hz, overall level: 0.31 g
• Non-operating: 5 Hz to 500 Hz, overall level: 2.4 g
S
HOCK
, 15 minutes in each of 3 orthogonal axes
rms
, 15 minutes in each of 3 orthogonal axes
rms
• Functional Shock: 20 g peak, half sine, 11 ms pulse, 3 shocks (positive and negative) in each of 3
orthogonal axes, 18 shocks total
Certifications
CE Compliant, UL and cUL Listed
CE Declaration of Conformity
The oscilloscope meets requirements of EMC Directive 89/336/EEC for Electromagn etic Compatibility and Low
Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC for Product Safety.
• EN 61326/A3:2003
EMC Directive:
• EMC requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control,
and laboratory use.
Electromagnetic Emissions:
* To conform to Radiated Emissions standard, use properly shielded cables on all I/O terminals.
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 21
• EN 55011/A2:2002, Radiated and conducted emissions (Class A)*
• EN 61000-3-2/A2:2005 Harmonic Current Emissions (Class A)
• EN 61000-3-3/A2:2005 Voltage Fluctuations and Flickers (Pst = 1)
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
WARNING
This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference, in which case the
user may be required to take appropriate measures.
• EN 61000-4-2/A2:2001* Electrostatic Discharge
(4 kV contact, 8 kV air, 4 kV vertical/horizontal coupling planes)
• EN 61000-4-3/A1:2003* RF Radiated Electromagnetic Field
(3 V/m, 80-1000 MHz)
• EN 61000-4-4:2004* Electrical Fast Transient/Burst
Electromagnetic Immunity:
* Meets Performance Criteria "B" limits during the disturbance; product undergo es a temporary degradation or
loss of function of performance which is self recoverable.
†
Meets Performance Criteria "C" limits during the disturbance; product undergo es a temporary degradation or
loss of function of performance which requires operator intervention or system reset.
Low Voltage Directive:
(1 kV AC Mains, 0.5 kV I/O signal/control)
• EN 61000-4-5/A1:2001* Surges
(1 kV AC Mains, 0.5 kV I/O signal/control)
• EN 61000-4-6/A1:2001* RF Conducted Electromagnetic Field (1 kV /
0.5 kV common mode / differential mode - AC Mains)
• EN 61000-4-11:2004
dip, 100% short interruption)
• EN 61010-1:2001
• Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,
control, and laboratory use.
The oscilloscope has been qualified to the following EN 61010-1
limits:
• Installation Categories II (Mains Supply Connector) & I (Measuring
Terminals)
†
Mains Dips and Interruptions (1 cycle voltage
UL and cUL Certifications:
Warranty
The instrument is warranted for normal use and operation, within specifications, for a period of three years from
shipment. LeCroy will either repair or, at our option, replace any product returned to one of our authorized service
centers within this period. However, in order to do this we must first examine the product and find that the defect
is due to workmanship or materials and not due to misuse, neglect, accident, or abnormal conditions or operation.
LeCroy shall not be responsible for any defect, damage, or failure caused by any of the following: a) attempted
repairs or installations by personnel other than LeCroy representatives, or b) improper connecti on to incompatible
22 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
• Pollution Degree 2 (Normally only dry non-conductive pollution
occurs. Occasionally a temporary conductivity caused by
condensation must be expected.)
• Protection Class I (Provided with terminal for protective ground)
nd
• UL Standard: UL 61010-1 2
• Canadian Standard: CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1-04
Edition
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
equipment, or c) for any damage or malfunction caused by the use of non-LeCroy supplies. Furthermore, LeCroy
shall not be obligated to service a product that has been modified or integrated where the modification or
integration increases the task duration or difficulty of servicing the oscilloscope. Spare and re placement parts, and
repairs, all have a 90-day warranty.
The oscilloscope’s firmware has been thoroughly tested and is presumed to be functional. Nevertheless, it is
supplied without warranty of any kind covering detailed performance. Products not made by LeCroy are covered
solely by the warranty of the original equipment manufacturer.
Windows License Agreement
LeCroy's agreement with Microsoft prohibits users from running software on LeCroy X-Stream oscilloscopes that
is not relevant to measuring, analyzing, or documenting waveforms.
End-User License Agreement For LeCroy® X-Stream Software
IMPORTANT-READ CAREFULLY: THIS END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (“EULA”) IS A LEGAL
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL OR ENTITY LICENSING THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT (“YOU” OR
“YOUR”) AND LECROY CORPORATION (“LECROY”) FOR THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT(S)
ACCOMPANYING THIS EULA, WHICH INCLUDE(S): COMPUTER PROGRAMS; ANY “ONLINE” OR
ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTATION AND PRINTED MATERIALS PROVIDED BY LECROY HEREWITH
(“DOCUMENTATION”); ASSOCIATED MEDIA; AND ANY UPDATES (AS DEFINED BELOW)
(COLLECTIVELY, THE “SOFTWARE PRODUCT”). BY USING AN INSTRUMENT TOGETHER WITH OR
CONTAINING THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT, OR BY INSTALLING, COPYING, OR OTHERWISE USING THE
SOFTWARE PRODUCT, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS
EULA. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS EULA, DO NOT INSTALL, COPY, OR
OTHERWISE USE THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT; YOU MAY RETURN THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT TO YOUR
PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND. IN ADDITION, BY INSTALLING, COPYING, OR OTHERWISE
USING ANY MODIFICATIONS, ENHANCEMENTS, NEW VERSIONS, BUG FIXES, OR OTHER COMPONENTS
OF THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT THAT LECROY PROVIDES TO YOU SEPARATELY AS PART OF THE
SOFTWARE PRODUCT (“UPDATES”), YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY ANY ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS
THAT ACCOMPANY SUCH UPDATES. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO SUCH ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS,
YOU MAY NOT INSTALL, COPY, OR OTHERWISE USE SUCH UPDATES.
THE PARTIES CONFIRM THAT THIS AGREEMENT AND ALL RELATED DOCUMENTATION ARE AND WILL
BE DRAFTED IN ENGLISH. LES PARTIES AUX PRÉSENTÉS CONFIRMENT LEUR VOLONTÉ QUE CETTE
CONVENTION DE MÊME QUE TOUS LES DOCUMENTS Y COMPRIS TOUT AVIS QUI S’Y RATTACHÉ,
SOIENT REDIGÉS EN LANGUE ANGLAISE.
1. GRANT OF LICENSE.
1.1 License Grant.
grants to you a nonexclusive, nontransferable license (the “License”) to: (a) operate the Software Product as
provided or installed, in object code form, for your own internal business purposes, (i) for use in or with a n
instrument provided or manufactured by LeCroy (an “Instrument”), (ii) for testing your software product(s) (to be
used solely by you) that are designed to operate in conjunction with an Instrument (“Your Software”), and (iii)
make one copy for archival and back-up purposes; (b) make and use copies of the Documentation; provided that
such copies will be used only in connection with your licensed use of the Software Product, and such copies may
not be republished or distributed (either in hard copy or electronic form) to any third party; and (c) copy, modify,
enhance and prepare derivative works (“Derivatives”) of the source code version of those portions of the Software
Product set forth in and identified in the Documentation as “Samples” (“Sample Code”) for the sole purpo s es of
designing, developing, and testing Your Software. If you are an entity, only one designated individual within your
organization, as designated by you, may exercise the License; provided that additional individuals within your
organization may assist with respect to reproducing and distributing Sample Code as permitted under Section
1.1(c)(ii). LeCroy reserves all rights not expressly granted to you. No license is granted hereunder for any use
other than that specified herein, and no license is granted for any use in combination or in connection with other
products or services (other than Instruments and Your Software) without the express prior written consent of
LeCroy. The Software Product is licensed as a single product. Its component parts may not be separated for use
by more than one user. This EULA does not grant you any rights in connection with any trademarks or service
marks of LeCroy.
Subject to the terms and conditions of this EULA and payment of all applicable fees, LeCroy
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 23
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
The Software Product is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other
intellectual property laws and treaties. The Software Product is licensed, not sold. The terms of this printed,
paper EULA supersede the terms of any on-screen license agreement found within the Software Product.
1.2 Upgrades.
not take effect, and you will have no right to use or access the Software Product unless you are properly licensed
to use a product identified by LeCroy as being eligible for the upgrade (“Underlying Product”). A Software Product
labeled as an “upgrade” replaces and/or supplements the Underlying Product. You may use the resulting
upgraded product only in accordance with the terms of this EULA. If the Software Product is an upgrade of a
component of a package of software programs that you licensed as a single product, the Software Product may
be used and transferred only as part of that single product package and may not be separated for use on more
than one computer.
1.3. Limitations.
Confidential Information to create any software or documentation that is similar to any of the Software Product or
Documentation; (b) encumber, transfer, rent, lease, time-share or use the Software Product in any service bureau
arrangement; (c) copy (except for archival purposes), distribute, manufacture, adapt, create derivative works of,
translate, localize, port or otherwise modify the Software Product or the Documentation; (d) permit access to the
Software Product by any party developing, marketing or planning to develop or market any product having
functionality similar to or competitive with the Software Product; (e) publish benchmark results relating to the
Software Product, nor disclose Software Product features, errors or bugs to third parties; or (f) permit any third
party to engage in any of the acts proscribed in clauses (a) through (e). In jurisdictions in which transfer is
permitted, notwithstanding the foregoing prohibition, transfers will only be effective if you transfer a copy of this
EULA, as well as all copies of the Software Product, whereupon your right to use the Software product will
terminate. Except as described in this Section 1.3, You are not permitted (i) to decompile, disassemble, reverse
compile, reverse assemble, reverse translate or otherwise reverse engineer the Software Product, (ii) to use any
similar means to discover the source code of the Software Product or to discover the trade secrets in the Software
Product, or (iii) to otherwise circumvent any technological measure that controls access to the Software Product.
You may reverse engineer or otherwise circumvent the technological measures protecting the Software Product
for the sole purpose of identifying and analyzing those elements that are necessary to achieve Interoperability
(the “Permitted Objective”) only if: (A) doing so is necessary to achieve the Permitted Objective and it does not
constitute infringement under Title 17 of the United States Code; (B) such circumvention is confined to those parts
of the Software Product and to such acts as are necessary to achieve the Permitted Objective; (C) the information
to be gained thereby has not already been made readily available to you or has not been provided by LeCroy
within a reasonable time after a written request by you to LeCroy to provide such information; (D) the information
gained is not used for any purpose other than the Permitted Objective and is not disclosed to any other person
except as may be necessary to achieve the Permitted Objective; and (E) the information obtained is not used (1)
to create a computer program substantially similar in its expression to the Software Product including, but not
limited to, expressions of the Software Product in other computer languages, or (2) for any other act restricted by
LeCroy’s intellectual property rights in the Software Product. “Interoperability” will have the same meaning in this
EULA as defined in the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. §1201(f), the ability of computer programs to
exchange information and of such programs mutually to use the information which has been exchanged.
If the Software Product is labeled as an “upgrade,” (or other similar designation) the License will
Except as specifically permitted in this EULA, you will not directly or indirectly (a) use any
1.4 PRERELEASE CODE. Portions of the Software Product may be identified as prerelease code (“Prerelease
Code”). Prerelease Code is not at the level of performance and compatibility of the final, generally available
product offering. The Prerelease Code may not operate correctly and may be substantially modified prior to first
commercial shipment. LeCroy is not obligated to make this or any later version of the Prerelease Code
commercially available. The License with respect to the Prerelease Code terminates upon availability of a
commercial release of the Prerelease Code from LeCroy.
2. SUPPORT SERVICES.
At LeCroy’s sole discretion, from time to time, LeCroy may provide Updates to the Software Product. LeCroy
shall have no obligation to revise or update the Software Product or to support any version of the Software
Product. At LeCroy’s sole discretion, upon your request, LeCroy may provide you with support services related to
the Software Product (“Support Services”) pursuant to the LeCroy policies and programs describe d in the
Documentation or otherwise then in effect, and such Support Services will be subject to LeCroy’s then-current
fees therefor, if any.
24 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
Any Update or other supplemental software code provided to you pursuant to the Support Services will be
considered part of the Software Product and will be subject to the terms and conditions of this EULA. LeCroy
may use any technical information you provide to LeCroy during LeCroy’s provision of Support Services, for
LeCroy’s business purposes, including for product support and development. LeCroy will not utilize such
technical information in a form that personally identifies you.
3. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS.
3.1 Right and Title.
All right, title and interest in and to the Software Product and Documentation (including but
not limited to any intellectual property or other proprietary rights, images, icons, photographs, text, and “applets”
embodied in or incorporated into the Software Product, collectively, “Content”), and all Derivatives, and any
copies thereof are owned by LeCroy and/or its licensors or third-party suppliers, and is protected by applicable
copyright or other intellectual property laws and treaties. You will not take any action inconsistent with such title
and ownership. This EULA grants you no rights to use such Content outside of the proper exercise of the licen se
granted hereunder, and LeCroy will not be responsible or liable therefor.
3.2 Intellectual Property Protection.
You may not alter or remove any printed or on-screen copyright, trade secret,
proprietary or other legal notices contained on or in copies of the Software Product or Documentation.
3.3 Confidentiality.
Except for the specific rights granted by this EULA, neither party shall use or disclose any
Confidential Information (as defined below) of the other party without the written consent of the disclosing party.
A party receiving Confidential Information from the other shall use the highest commercially reasonable degree of
care to protect the Confidential Information, including ensuring that its employees and consultants with access to
such Confidential Information have agreed in writing not to disclose the Confidential Information. You shall bear
the responsibility for any breaches of confidentiality by your employees and consultants. Within ten (10) days
after request of the disclosing party, and in the disclosing party's sole discretion, the receiving party shall either
return to the disclosing party originals and copies of any Confidential Information and all information, records and
materials developed therefrom by the receiving party, or destroy the same, other than such Confidential
Information as to which this EULA expressly provides a continuing right to the receiving party to retain at the time
of the request. Either party may only disclose the general nature, but not the specific financial terms, of this EULA
without the prior consent of the other party; provided either party may provide a copy of this EULA to any finance
provider in conjunction with a financing transaction, if such provider agrees to keep this EULA confidential.
Nothing herein shall prevent a receiving party from disclosing all or part of the Confidential Information as
necessary pursuant to the lawful requirement of a governmental agency or when disclosure is required by
operation of law; provided that prior to any such disclosure, the receiving party shall use reasonable efforts to (a)
promptly notify the disclosing party in writing of such requirement to disclose, and (b) cooperate fully with the
disclosing party in protecting against any such disclosure or obtaining a protective order. Money damages will not
be an adequate remedy if this Section 4.3 is breached and, therefore, either party shall, in addition to any other
legal or equitable remedies, be entitled to seek an injunction or similar equitable relief against such breach or
threatened breach without the necessity of posting any bond. As used herein, “Confidential Information” means
LeCroy pricing or information concerning new LeCroy products, trade secrets (including without limitation all
internal header information contained in or created by the Software Product, all benchmark and performance test
results and all Documentation) and other proprietary information of LeCroy; and any business, marketing or
technical information disclosed by LeCroy, or its representatives, or you in relation to this EULA, and either (i)
disclosed in writing and marked as confidential at the time of disclosure or (ii) disclosed in any other manne r such
that a reasonable person would understand the nature and confidentiality of the information. Confidential
Information does not include information (A) already in the possession of the receiving party without an obligation
of confidentiality to the disclosing party, (B) hereafter rightfully furnished to the receiving party by a third party
without a breach of any separate nondisclosure obligation to the disclosing party, (C) publicly known without
breach of this EULA, (d) furnished by the disclosing party to a third party without restriction on subsequent
disclosure, or (e) independently developed by the receiving party without reference to or reliance on the
Confidential Information.
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 25
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
4. TERMINATION.
This EULA will remain in force until termination pursuant to the terms hereof. You may terminate this EULA at
any time. This EULA will also terminate if you breach any of the terms or conditions of this EULA. You agree that
if this EULA terminates for any reason, the License will immediately terminate and you will destroy all copies of
the Software Product (and all Derivatives), installed or otherwise, the Documentation, and the Confide ntial
Information (and all derivatives of any of the foregoing) that are in your possession or under your control. The
provisions of Sections 1.3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 will survive any termination or expiration hereof.
5. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS.
If any Software Product or Documentation is acquired by or on behalf of a unit or agency of the United States
Government (any such unit or agency, the “Government”), the Government agrees that the Software Product or
Documentation is “commercial computer software” or “commercial computer software documentation” and that,
absent a written agreement to the contrary, the Government’s rights with respect to the Software Product or
Documentation are, in the case of civilian agency use, Restricted Rights, as defined in FAR §52.227.19, and if for
Department of Defense use, limited by the terms of this EULA, pursuant to DFARS §227.7202. The use of the
Software Product or Documentation by the Government constitutes acknowledgment of LeCroy’s proprietary
rights in the Software Product and Documentation. Manufacturer is LeCroy Corporation, 700 Chestnut Ridge
Road, Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977 USA.
6. EXPORT RESTRICTIONS.
You agree that you will not export or re-export the Software Product, any part thereof, or any process or service
that is the direct product of the Software Product (the foregoing collectively referred to as the “Restricted
Components”), to any country, person, entity or end user subject to U.S. export restrictions. You specifically
agree not to export or re-export any of the Restricted Components (a) to any country to which the U.S. has
embargoed or restricted the export of goods or services, which currently include, but are not necessarily limited to
Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Sudan and Syria, or to any national of any such country, wherever located,
who intends to transmit or transport the Restricted Components back to such country; (b) to any end user who
you know or have reason to know will utilize the Restricted Components in the design, development or productio n
of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons; or (c) to any end-user who has been prohibited from participating in
U.S. export transactions by any federal agency of the U.S. government. You warrant and represent that neither
the BXA nor any other U.S. federal agency has suspended, revoked or denied your export privileges. It is your
responsibility to comply with the latest United States export regulations, and you will defend and indemnify LeCroy
from and against any damages, fines, penalties, assessments, liabilities, costs and expenses (inclu ding
reasonable attorneys' fees and court costs) arising out of any claim that the Software Product, Docum entation, or
other information or materials provided by LeCroy hereunder were exported or otherwise accessed, shipp ed or
transported in violation of applicable laws and regulations.
7. RISK ALLOCATION.
7.1 No Warranty.
SUPPORT SERVICES IS/ARE BEING PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. LECROY,
FOR ITSELF AND ITS SUPPLIERS, HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, ORAL OR WRITTEN, WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT OR ANY SUPPORT
SERVICES INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE OR NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ACCURACY,
INTEGRATION, VALIDITY, EXCLUSIVITY, MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INTERFERENCE WITH ENJOYMENT,
FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND ALL WARRANTIES IMPLIED FROM ANY COURSE OF
DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT NO WARRANTIES HAVE BEEN MADE TO
YOU BY OR ON BEHALF OF LECROY OR OTHERWISE FORM THE BASIS FOR THE BARGAIN BETWEEN
THE PARTIES.
7.2. Limitation of Liability.
REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ANY CLAIM OR ACTION, SHALL NOT EXCEED THE GREATER OF THE
AMOUNT ACTUALLY PAID BY YOU FOR THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT OR U.S.$5.00; PROVIDED THAT IF
YOU HAVE ENTERED INTO A SUPPORT SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH LECROY, LECROY’S ENTIRE
LIABILITY REGARDING SUPPORT SERVICES WILL BE GOVERNED BY THE TERMS OF THAT
AGREEMENT.
THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT IS NOT ERROR-FREE AND THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND
LECROY’S LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER,
26 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
LECROY SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF DATA,
INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, NOR FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR
EXEMPLARY DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER UNDER THIS EULA OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY
WAY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT, THE DOCUMENTATION OR THIS EULA. SOME
JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THESE LIMITATIONS
ARE INDEPENDENT FROM ALL OTHER PROVISIONS OF THIS EULA AND SHALL APPLY
NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF ANY REMEDY PROVIDED HEREIN.
7.3 Indemnification. You will defend, indemnify and hold harmless LeCroy and its officers, directors, affiliates,
contractors, agents, and employees from, against and in respect of any and all assessments, damages,
deficiencies, judgments, losses, obligations and liabilities (including costs of colle ction and reasonable attorneys’
fees, expert witness fees and expenses) imposed upon or suffered or incurred by them arising from or related to
your use of the Software Product.
8. GENERAL PROVISIONS.
8.1 Compliance with Laws.
You will comply with all laws, legislation, rules, regulations, and governmental
requirements with respect to the Software Product, and the performance by you of your obliga t ions hereunder, of
any jurisdiction in or from which you directly or indirectly cause the Software Product to be used or accessed.
8.2 No Agency.
Nothing contained in this EULA will be deemed to constitute either party as the agent or
representative of the other party, or both parties as joint venturers or partners for any purpose.
8.3 Entire Agreement; Waiver; Severability.
This EULA constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with
regard to the subject matter hereof. No provision of, right, power or privilege under this EULA will be deemed to
have been waived by any act, delay, omission or acquiescence by LeCroy, its agents, or employees, but only by
an instrument in writing signed by an authorized officer of LeCroy. No waiver by LeCroy of any breach or default
of any provision of this EULA by you will be effective as to any other breach or default, whether of the same or
any other provision and whether occurring prior to, concurrent with, or subsequent to the date of such waiver. If
any provision of this EULA is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable,
such provision will be severed from this EULA and all the other provisions will remain in full force and effect.
8.4 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Venue.
This EULA will be governed by and construed in accordance with the
laws of the State of New York, USA, without regard to its choice of law provisions. The United Nations
Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods will not apply to this EULA. Exclusive jurisdiction and
venue for any litigation arising under this EULA is in the federal and state courts located in New York, New York,
USA and both parties hereby consent to such jurisdiction and venue for this purpose.
8.5 Assignment.
This EULA and the rights and obligations hereunder, may not be assigned, in whole or in part by
you, except to a successor to the whole of your business, without the prior written consent of LeCroy. In the case
of any permitted assignment or transfer of or under this EULA, this EULA or the relevant provisions will be binding
upon, and inure to the benefit of, the successors, executors, heirs, representatives, administrators and assigns of
the parties hereto.
8.6 Notices.
All notices or other communications between LeCroy and you under this EULA will be in writing and
delivered personally, sent by confirmed fax, by confirmed e-mail, by certified mail, postage prepaid and return
receipt requested, or by a nationally recognized express delivery service. All notices will be in English and will be
effective upon receipt.
8.7 Headings.
The headings used in this EULA are intended for convenience only and will not be deemed to
supersede or modify any provisions.
8.8 Acknowledgment.
Licensee acknowledges that (a) it has read and understands this EULA, (b) it has had an
opportunity to have its legal counsel review this EULA, (c) this EULA has the same force and effect as a signed
agreement, and (d) issuance of this EULA does not constitute general publication of the Software Product or other
Confidential Information.
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 27
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
This section contains information and warnings that must be observed to keep the instrument operating in a
correct and safe condition. You are required to follow generally accepted safety procedures in addition to the
safety precautions specified in this section.
Safety Symbols and Terms
Where the following symbols or terms appear on the instrument’s front or rear panels, or in this manual, they alert
you to important safety considerations.
This symbol is used where caution is required. Refer to the accompanying information or documents
in order to protect against personal injury or damage to the instrument.
This symbol warns of a potential risk of shock hazard.
This symbol is used to denote the measurement ground connection.
This symbol is used to denote a safety ground connection.
This symbol shows that the switch is a On/Standby switch. When it is pressed, the DSO’s state
toggles between Operating and Standby state. This switch is not a disconnect device. To completely
remove power to the DSO, the power cord must be unplugged from the AC outlet after the DSO is
placed in Standby state.
This symbol is used to denote "Alternating Current."
CAUTION
WARNING
CAT I
The CAUTION sign indicates a potential hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice or
condition which, if not followed, could possibly cause damage to equipment. If a CAUTION is
indicated, do not proceed until its conditions are fully understood and met.
The WARNING sign indicates a potential hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice or
condition which, if not followed, could possibly cause bodily injury or death. If a WARNING is
indicated, do not proceed until its conditions are fully understood and met.
Installation (Overvoltage) Category rating per EN 61010-1 safety standard and is applicable for the
oscilloscope front panel measuring terminals. CAT I rated terminals must only be connected to
source circuits in which measures are taken to limit transient voltages to an appropriately low level.
Operating Environment
The instrument is intended for indoor use and should be
operated in a clean, dry environment. Before using this product,
ensure that its operating environment will be maintained within
these parameters:
°
• Temperature: 5 to 40
• Humidity: Maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures
up to 31
40
• Altitude: Up to 2,000 m
°
C decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at
°
C.
C
WARNING
The DSO must not be operated in explosive,
dusty, or wet/damp atmospheres.
28 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
Note: Direct sunlight, radiators, and other heat sources
should be taken into account when assessing the am bient
temperature.
The design of the instrument has been verified to conform to EN
61010-1 safety standard per the following limits:
• Installation (Overvoltage) Categories II (Mains Supply
Connector) & I (Measuring Terminals)
• Pollution Degree 2
• Protection Class I
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
CAUTION
Protect the DSO’s display touch screen from
excessive impacts with foreign objects.
PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:
• Installation (Overvoltage) Category II refers to local
distribution level, which is applicable to equipment
connected to the mains supply (AC power source).
• Installation (Overvoltage) Category I refers to signal level,
which is applicable to equipment measuring terminals that
are connected to source circuits in which measures are
taken to limit transient voltages to an appropriately low
level.
• Pollution Degree 2 refers to an operating environment
where normally only dry non-conductive pollution occurs.
Occasionally a temporary conductivity caused by
condensation must be expected.
• Protection Class 1 refers to a grounded equipment, in
which protection against electric shock is achieved by
Basic Insulation and by means of a connection to the
protective ground conductor in the building wiring.
Cooling Requirements
The instrument relies on forced air cooling with internal fans and
ventilation openings. Care must be taken to avoid restricting the
airflow around the apertures (fan holes) at the sides, front, and
rear of the DSO. To ensure adequate ventilation it is required to
leave a 15 cm (6 inch) minimum gap around the sides, front,
and rear of the instrument.
CAUTION
Do not exceed the maximum specified front
panel terminal (CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, EXT)
voltage levels. Refer to Specifications for more
details.
CAUTION
Do not connect or disconnect probes or test
leads while they are connected to a voltage
source.
CAUTION
Do not block the ventilation holes located on
both sides and rear of the DSO.
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 29
CAUTION
Do not allow any foreign matter to enter the
DSO through the ventilation holes, etc.
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
AC Power Source
The instrument operates from a single-phase, 100 to 240
(+/-10%) AC power source at 50/60 Hz (+/-5%), or
V
rms
single-phase 100 to 120 V
400 Hz (+/-5%).
No manual voltage selection is required because the
instrument automatically adapts to line voltage.
Depending on the accessories installed (front panel probes,
PC port plug-ins, etc.), the instrument can draw up to 340 W
(340 VA); WaveRunner model 62Xi: 290 W (290 VA).
(+/-10%) AC power source at
rms
Power and Ground Connections
The instrument is provided with a grounded cord set containing
a molded three-terminal polarized plug and a standard IEC320
(Type C13) connector for making line voltage and safety ground
connection. The AC inlet ground terminal is connected directly
to the frame of the instrument. For adequate protection against
electrical shock hazard, the power cord plug must be inserted
into a mating AC outlet containing a safety ground contact. Use
only the power cord specified for this instrument and certified for
the country of use.
Note: The instrument automatically adapts itself
to the AC line input within the following ranges:
Voltage
Range:
Frequency
Range:
WARNING
Electric Shock Hazard!
Any interruption of the protective conductor
inside or outside of the DSO, or disconnection
of the safety ground terminal creates a
hazardous situation.
Intentional interruption is prohibited.
90 to 264
Vrms
47 to 63 Hz 380 to 420 Hz
90 to 132
Vrms
The DSO should be positioned to allow easy access to the
socket-outlet. To completely remove power to the DSO, unplug
the instrument’s power cord from the AC outlet after the DSO is
placed in Standby state.
In Standby state the DSO is still connected to the AC supply.
The instrument can only be placed in a complete Power Off
state by physically disconnecting the power cord from the AC
supply. It is recommended that the power cord be unplugged
from the AC outlet if the DSO is not being used for an extended
period of time.
See On/Standby Switch for more information.
CAUTION
The outer shells of the front panel terminals
(CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4, EXT) are connected to
the instrument’s chassis and therefore to the
safety ground.
On/Standby Switch
The front panel On/Standby switch controls the operational state of the DSO. This toggle switch is activated by
momentarily pressing and releasing it.
There are two basic DSO states: On or Standby. In the "On" state, the DSO, including its computer subsystems
(CPU, hard drive, etc,) is fully powered and operational. In the "Standby" state, the DSO, including computer
subsystems, is powered off with the exception of some "housekeeping" circuitry (approximatel y 12 watts
dissipation).
30 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
Always use the On/Standby switch to place the DSO in Standby state so that it executes a proper shutdown
process (including a Windows shutdown) to preserve settings before powering itself off. This can be
accomplished by pressing and holding in the On/Standby switch for approximately 5 seconds.
Note: To power off, place the DSO in Standby state, then disconnect the power cord.
Calibration
The recommended calibration interval is one year. Calibration should be performed by qualified personnel only.
Cleaning
Clean only the exterior of the instrument, using a damp, soft
cloth. Do not use chemicals or abrasive elements. Under no
circumstances allow moisture to penetrate the instrument. To
avoid electrical shock, unplug the power cord from the AC outlet
before cleaning.
Abnormal Conditions
Operate the instrument only as intended by the manufacturer.
Electric Shock Hazard!
No operator serviceable parts inside. Do not
remove covers.
Refer servicing to qualified personnel.
WARNING
If you suspect the DSO’s protection has been impaired,
disconnect the power cord and secure the instrument against
any unintended operation.
The DSO’s protection is likely to be impaired if, for example, the
instrument shows visible damage or has been subjected to
severe transport stresses.
Proper use of the instrument depends on careful reading of all
instructions and labels.
Any use of the DSO in a manner not specified
by the manufacturer may impair the
instrument’s safety protection. The instrument
and related accessories should not be directly
connected to human subjects or used for patient
monitoring.
WARNING
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 31
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
FRONT PANEL CONTROLS
Front Panel Buttons and Knobs
The control buttons of the WaveRunner Xi Series front panel are logically grouped into analog and special
function areas. Analog functions are included in the Horizontal, Trigger, and Vertical groups of control buttons
and knobs.
The following table provides an explanation of the front panel push buttons and knobs:
Trigger Controls
LEVEL - Selects the trigger threshold level. The Level is indicated in the
•
Trigger descriptor label:
Horizontal Controls
Push the L
automatically.
• SETUP - Displays the trigger setup dialog. Push the button again to
close the dialog.
• AUTO - Triggers the oscilloscope after a time-out, even if the trigger
conditions are not met.
•
NORMAL - Triggers the oscilloscope each time a signal is present that
meets the conditions set for the type of trigger selected.
•
SINGLE - Arms the oscilloscope to trigger once (single-shot acquisition)
when the input signal meets the trigger conditions set for the type of
trigger selected. If the oscilloscope is already armed, it will force a
trigger.
STOP - Prevents the oscilloscope from triggering on a signal.
•
DELAY - Horizontally positions the oscilloscope trace on the display so you can observe
•
the signal prior to the trigger time. Push the button to reset the delay to zero. A second
push returns the delay to the previous setting. Delay adjusts the pre- and post-tri gger
time.
TIME/DIVISION - Sets the time/division of the oscilloscope timebase (acquisition system).
•
EVEL knob to have the oscilloscope find the level
32 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
Vertical Controls
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
• OFFSET - Adjusts the vertical offset of a channel.
•
VOLTS/DIV - Adjusts the Volts/Division setting (vertical gain) of the channel selected.
• C
HANNEL BUTTONS - If the channel is already ON, the channel button makes the
channel active.
If the channel is OFF, the channel button turns the channel ON.
Zoom Controls
When the channel is active, the channel button is lit, and the O
FFSET and VOLTS/DIV
knobs are dedicated to that channel.
•
QUICKZOOM - Automatically displays magnified views of up to four signal
inputs on multiple grids. With four input signals, the signals are displayed along
with four zoom traces, each on its own grid. This button turns off all other traces
and redefines al math functions to be zooms of channels.
•
POSITION - Adjusts the horizontal position of a zoom trace on the display. The
zoom region is highlighted in color on the source trace. Unlike Delay, the position
is not calibrated to the trigger position.
•
ZOOM - Adjusts the horizontal zoom (magnification factor) of the selected
zoom trace.
•
POSITION - Adjusts the vertical position of the selected zoom trace on the
display. Unlike Offset, the position is not calibrated to the 0 V reference.
•
ZOOM - Adjusts the vertical zoom (magnification factor) of the selected zoom
trace on the display.
• INDICATOR LAMPS - The three lamps at the bottom of the panel are lit according to
the kind of trace you are zooming or whose position you are adjusting: channel
trace, math trace, or memory trace. The exact trace that is active has a solidly
colored descriptor label.
Special Features Controls
• I
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 33
• W
• C
• A
NTENSITY - This knob adjusts the intensity of your trace. Pushing the button
toggles between WaveStream fast-viewing mode and real-time mode.
AVESTREAM LAMP - This lamp lights when the oscilloscope is displaying in
WaveStream fast-viewing mode.
URSOR TYPE - This push button turns on the cursors, then cycles through the four
different cursor types with each additional push:
DJUST FINE - This dual-function knob controls the placement of the top or left
cursor. When the knob is in Cursor mode, the CURS lamp is lit.
When you click in any field in any dialog, the knob automatically switches from
cursor placement mode to adjustment mode, and the ADJ lamp lights. This allows
you to dial in fine-grained values. When you close the dialog, the knob reverts to
cursor placement mode.
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
DJUST COARSE - This dual-function knob controls the placement of the bottom or
• A
right cursor. When the knob is in Cursor mode, the CURS lamp is lit.
When you click in any field in any dialog, the knob automatically switches from
cursor placement mode to adjustment mode, and the ADJ lamp lights. This allows
you to dial in coarse-grained values. When you close the dialog, the knob reverts
to cursor placement mode.
General Control Buttons
UTO SETUP - Automatically sets the oscilloscope's horizontal timebase (acquisition
• A
system), vertical gain and offset, as well as trigger conditions, to display your
signal.
TOUCH SCREEN - Activates or deactivates the touch screen.
•
•
CLEAR SWEEPS - Clears data from multiple sweeps (acquisitions) including:
persistence trace displays, averaged traces, parameter statistics, and Histicons.
During waveform readout, cancels readout.
•
PRINT SCREEN - Prints the displayed screen to a file, a printer, the clipboard, or
attaches it as an e-mail. You can select the device and format it in the Utilities,
Hardcopy dialog.
34 WRXi-OM-E Rev B
ON-SCREEN TOOLBARS, ICONS, AND DIALOG BOXES
Menu Bar Buttons
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
The menu bar buttons at the top of the oscilloscope's display are designed for quick setup of common functions.
At the right end of the menu bar is a quick setup button that, when touched, opens the setup
dialog associated with the trace or parameter named beside it. The named trace or parameter is
the one whose setup dialog you last opened.
The Setup… button also appears as an Undo button after the Autosetup front panel button is
For common oscilloscope operations, you will not need to use the menu bar, since you can access most dialogs
from the front panel or from the descriptor labels. However, it is the only way to access the following functions:
• Display Setup
• Save or Recall Waveform
• Save or Recall Setups
• Printer Setup
• Vertical (Channel), Horizontal, or Trigger Status
• Memory (Reference Waveform) Setup
• Pass/Fail Setup
• Utilities and Preferences Setup
• Help Manual
pressed and after a zoom. If you want to undo these operations, you must select Undo
immediately after you perform the Autosetup or zoom; i.e., there can be no intervening
operations.
WRXi-OM-E Rev B 35
WAVERUNNER XI SERIES
Grid Area
The grid area contains several indicators to help you understand triggering. Indicators are coded to the channel
colors (yellow here for channel 1).
Trigger Delay - This indicator is located along the bottom edge of the grid. Trigger delay
allows you to see the signal prior to the trigger time.
All trigger delay values (including post-trigger delay, shown here) are displayed in the
Timebase descriptor label. Zero delay is the horizontal center of the oscilloscope display.
The default setting (Time) is for the delay to be read out in seconds, and to move
proportionately when the timebase knob is turned. If you want to set delay (Div) to a fixed
position on the grid and then have it stay fixed as the timebase changes, go to Utilities,
Preferences, Acquisition.
Post-trigger Delay - This is indicated by a left-pointing arrow below-left of the grid. Pre-
trigger delay is indicated by a right-pointing arrow below-right of the grid.
Trigger Level - This indicator is located at the right edge of the grid. It tracks the trigger
level as you reposition the trace up or down, or change scale. When triggering is stopped,
a hollow arrow indicates where the new level will be when triggering resumes.
Push the L
Zero Volts Level - This indicator is located at the left edge of the grid. To change the zero
volts level, turn the V
middle of the grid.
EVEL knob to reset the level to 50%.
ERTICAL OFFSET knob. Push the knob to reset the indicator to the
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Trace Descriptors
Vertical and horizontal trace descriptor labels are displayed below the grid. They provide a summary of your
channel, timebase, and trigger settings. To make adjustments to these settings, touch the respective label to
display the setup dialog for that function.
Channel trace labels show the vertical settings for the trace, as well as cursor
information if cursors are in use. In the title bar of the label are also included indicators
for (SinX)/X interpolation, waveform inversion (INV), deskew (DSQ), coupling,
bandwidth limiting (BWL), and averaging (AVG). These indicators have a long and short
form:
Besides channel traces, math and memory trace labels are also displayed. Labels are
displayed only for traces that are turned on.
As a visual aid, an active channel (i.e., the one whose settings can be adjusted by the
front panel knobs) is displayed in solid color.
The title bar of the TimeBase label shows the trigger delay setting. Time per division
and sampling information is given below the title bar.
The title bar of the Trigger label shows the trigger mode: Auto, Normal, or Stopped.
Below the title bar is given the coupling (DC), trigger type (Edge), source (C1), level (0
mV), and slope (Positive).
Shown below the Timebase and Trigger labels is value information for horizontal
cursors, including the time between cursors and the frequency.
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Dialog Boxes
The dialog area occupies the bottom one-third of the screen. To expand the signal display area, you can minimize
each dialog box by touching the Close tab at the right of the dialog box.
Alternate Access Methods
The instrument often gives you more than one way to access dialogs and menus.
Mouse and Keyboard Operation
In the procedures we focus on touch-screen operation, but if you have a mouse connected to the instrument, you
can also click on objects. Likewise, if you have a keyboard connected, you can use it instead of the virtual
keyboard provided by the instrument.
Tool Bar Buttons
The procedures also focus on the use of the menu bar at the top of the screen to access dialogs and menus.
However, on several dialogs common functions are accessible fro m a row of buttons that save you a step or two
in accessing their dialogs. For example, at the bottom of the channel setup dialog, these buttons perform the
following functions:
Calls up the Measure menu. You can then select a parameter from this menu without leaving the
channel setup dialog. The parameter automatically appears below the grid.
Creates a zoom trace of the channel trace whose dialog is currently displayed.
Calls up the Math menu. You can then select a math function from this menu without leaving the
channel setup dialog. A math trace of the channel whose dialog is currently open is automatically
displayed.
Loads the channel trace into the next available memory location (M1 to M4).
Automatically performs a vertical scaling that fits the waveform into the grid.
Automatically moves the channel trace whose dialog is currently open onto the next grid. If you
have only one grid displayed, a new grid will be created automatically, and the trace moved.
Another example is these buttons that appear at the bottom of the Measure Px dialogs. Each button opens a
menu from which to choose a math trace (F1 to Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software
options loaded on your oscilloscope. See specifications.) to display the functions named in the buttons:
By using these buttons you can remain in the Measure dialog to set up other options.
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Trace Annotation
The instrument gives you the ability to add an identifying label, bearing your own text, to a waveform display:
For each waveform, you can create multiple labels and turn them all on or all off. Also, you can position them on
the waveform by dragging or by specifying an exact horizontal position.
To Annotate a Waveform
Touch the waveform you want to annotate, then Set label... in the pop-up menu. A dialog box opens in which to
create the label. If you are creating a label for the first time for this waveform, Label1 is displayed with default
text. If you are modifying an existing label, under Labels touch the label you want to change.
PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING:
• If the dialog for the trace you want to annotate is currently displayed, you can touch the label button at the
bottom to display the Trace Annotation setup dialog.
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• You may place a label anywhere you want on the waveform. Labels are numbered sequentially according to
the order in which they are added, and not according to their placement on the waveform.
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• If you want to change the label's text, touch inside the Label Text field. A pop-up keyboard appears for you to
enter your text. Touch O.K. on the keyboard when you are done. Your edited text will automatically appear in
the label on the waveform.
• To place the label precisely, touch inside the Horizontal Pos. field and enter a horizontal value, using the
pop-up numeric keypad.
• To add another label, touch the Add label button. To delete a label, select the label from the list, then touch
the Remove label button.
• To make the labels visible, touch the View labels checkbox.
To Turn On a Channel Trace Label
Note: If you want to display each trace on its own grid automatically, enable Autogrid by touching Display in
the menu bar, then Autogrid in the drop-down menu.
On the front panel, press a channel select button, such as , to display the trace label for that input channel
and turn on the channel.
To turn on a math function trace, touch Math in the menu bar, then Math Setup... in the drop-down menu. Touch
the On checkbox for the trace you want to activate.
You can also quickly create traces (and turn on the trace label) for math functions and memory traces, without
leaving the Vertical Adjust dialog, by touching the icons at the bottom of the Vertical Adjust dialog:
Whenever you turn on a channel, math, or memory trace via the menu bar, the dialog at the bottom of the screen
automatically switches to the vertical setup or math setup dialog for that selection. You can configure your traces
from here, including math setups.
The channel number appears in the Vertical Adjust tab of the Vertical Adjust dialog, signifying that all controls
and fields are dedicated to the selected trace.
, , , .
INSTALLATION
Power-Up
Press the power switch at bottom-left of the front of the oscilloscope to apply or remove power.
Hibernate mode is not supported.
CAUTION
Do not change the System standby and System hibernates settings from their default Never
selections in the Windows® “Power Options” dialog.
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Hardware Connections
Numbers on the previous picture correspond as follows:
1. Mouse
2. Keyboard
Software Status
You can find out the oscilloscope's software and hardware configuration as follows:
1. In the menu bar, touch Utilities.
2. In the dialog area, touch Status.
Adding a New Option
To add a software option you will need a code to enable the option. Call LeCroy Customer Support to place an
order and receive the code.
3. RS-232-C Port
4. LeCroy Bus (LBus)
5. External VGA Monitor
6. Ethernet Port
7. USB Ports (4)
8. Speakers
9. Line In
Restoring Software
Restarting the Application
Upon initial power-up, the oscilloscope will load the instrument application software automatically.
• If you exit the application and want to reload it, touch the shortcut icon on the desktop:
• If you minimize the application, touch the desktop icon to maximize it:
Restarting the Operating System
If you need to restart the Windows® operating system, you will have to reboot the oscilloscope by pressing the
power switch, then turning the power back on after a ten-second wait.
External Monitor
Your WaveRunner Xi Series oscilloscope’s motherboard contains a dual-video chip that enables you to extend
the oscilloscope’s desktop over two monitors, or to display a clone of the oscilloscope screen on an external
monitor. In the extended mode, for example, you could view the oscilloscope UI on the oscilloscope itself and
another application, such as Excel®, on the external monitor, or vice versa. You also have the option to turn off
the oscilloscope monitor and view the oscilloscope UI on just the external monitor.
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OPERATOR’S MANUAL
Monitor Hookup
1. Connect the external monitor to the VGA port on the side of the instrument (item 4).
2. Plug in the monitor's power cord, and apply power to the monitor.
Video Setup
After boot-up, configure the monitors as follows:
Note: A mouse is required for dual monitor use.
1. In the system tray portion of the task bar, click the Intel® monitor icon.
2. From the Intel® extreme graphics2 for mobile pop-up menu, select
Graphics Properties…
This setting determines mouse
pointer movement from one
monitor to the other.
3. From the Display Devices dialog, select a display mode.
Note: In these dialogs the oscilloscope monitor is referred to as Notebook
and the external monitor as Monitor.
4. From the Primary Device drop-down menu, select which monitor you
want to be the primary display, that is, which will be the one to show the
oscilloscope UI. If the external monitor is considerably larger than the
oscilloscope’s monitor, you may want to make it the primary device.
Whichever monitor is not selected as primary will automatically appear in
the Secondary Device box.
5. Drag and drop the monitor icons as appropriate. For example, if the
secondary monitor (#2) sits to the left of the primary monitor (#1), the
monitor 2 icon should be placed to the left of the monitor 1 icon. You can
also place one icon on top of the other if the monitors will be arranged
vertically.
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6. Click Display Settings and set the resolution (screen area) and color
palette for the external monitor.
7.
8. To maintain proper functioning of the oscilloscope display, do not change
9. Click OK.
CAUTION
these settings for the Notebook (scope) monitor.
Default Settings
1. Touch File in the menu bar, then Recall Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Recall Setup tab in the dialog.
3. Then touch the on-screen Recall Default button.
Adding a New Option
To add a software option you need a key code to enable the option. Call LeCroy Customer Support to place an
order and receive the code.
Add the software option by doing the following:
1. In the menu bar, touch the
2. In the dialog area, touch the
3. Touch the
4. Use the pop-up keyboard to type the key code. Touch O.K. on the keyboard to enter the information.
The name of the feature you just installed is shown below the list of key codes. You can use the scroll buttons
to see the name of the option installed with each key code listed:
button.
button.
tab.
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Restoring Software
Restarting the Application
Upon initial power-up, the oscilloscope will load the instrument application software automatically. If you exit the
application and want to reload it, touch the shortcut icon on the desktop:
.
If you minimize the application, touch the appropriate task bar or desktop button to maximize it:
.
Restarting the Operating System
If you need to restart the Windows® operating system, you will have to reboot the oscilloscope by pressing and
holding in the power switch for 10 seconds, then turning the power back on.
CONNECTING TO A SIGNAL
ProBus Interface
LeCroy's ProBus probe system provides a complete measurement solution from probe tip to oscilloscope display.
ProBus allows you to control transparent gain and offset directly from your front panel. It is particularly useful for
voltage, differential, and current active probes. It uploads gain and offset correction factors from the ProBus
EPROMs and automatically compensates to achieve fully calibrated measurements.
This intelligent interconnection between your instrument and a wide range of accessorie s offers important
advantages over standard BNC and probe ring connections. ProBus ensures correct input coupling by autosensing the probe type, thereby eliminating the guesswork and errors that occur when attenuation or amplification
factors are set manually.
Auxiliary Output Signals
In addition to a calibration signal, the following signals can be output through the AUX OUTPUT connector:
Square Wave
Trigger Out – can be used to trigger another oscilloscope
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DC level – a reference level
Trigger Enabled – can be used as a gating function to trigger another instrument whe n the oscilloscope
is ready
Pass/Fail – allows you to set a pulse duration from 1 ms to 500 ms; generates a pulse when pass/fail
testing is active and conditions are met.
Aux Output Off – turns off the auxiliary output signal
Auxiliary Output Setup
1. In the menu bar, touch Utilities, then Utilities Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Aux Output tab.
3. If you simply want a 1 kHz, 1 V square wave, touch the button so labeled.
4. If you want a specialized output, touch one of the buttons under Use Auxiliary Output For.
5. Touch inside the Amplitude field and enter a value, using the pop-up numeric keypad. If you want a TTL level
signal, touch the TTL Level checkbox. The Amplitude field will accordingly become unavailable.
6. If you selected Square Wave, touch inside the Frequency field and enter a value, using the pop-up keypad.
You can set a value from 5.0 Hz to 5 MHz.
7. If you selected Pass/Fail, touch inside the Pulse Duration field and enter a value from 1 ms to 500 ms, using
the pop-up numeric keypad.
PROBES
Your WaveRunner Xi oscilloscope is supplied with one PP008 passive probe for each channel. The PP008 is a
miniature high impedance passive probe. Its high input resistance and low capacitance make it ideal for general
purpose probing of signals with frequency content from DC through several hundred MHz. The PP008 has a large
selection of connection accessories, supplied standard with the probe an d available from LeCroy as optional
accessories.
The PP008 is designed for use with 600 MHz and lower LeCroy WaveRunner Xi series oscilloscopes. Refer to the
PP008 Instruction Manual.
LeCroy also offers a variety of passive and active probes for use with your WaveRunner Xi Series oscilloscope.
Visit www.lecroy.com
Current
Probes
Active
Probes
Passive
Probes
High
Voltage
Current Probes measure the current passing through a wire. They do not use the traditional
probing style of placing a tip onto a test point. Instead, a wire is placed inside of the jaw of the
probe, which then allows the probe to measure the current (in Amps).
There are two different types of active probes: single-ended and differential.
Single-ended: A single-ended active probe is associated with measuring voltages at high
frequencies. Measurement with an active probe requires a test point and a ground point. The
ground (also called earth) acts as a zero reference for the test point measurement.
Differential: Differential active probes are like two probes in one. Instead of measuring a test point
in relation to a ground point (like single-ended active probes), differential probes measure the
difference in voltage of a test point in relation to another test point.
Passive probes measure voltages at lower frequencies (<400 MHz). They have higher input
capacitance (input C) and do not need power to operate (unlike active probes). At higher
frequencies, higher input capacitance loads the test circuit, attenuating the signal. This is why
active probes are used in high frequency applications. Passive probes also measure voltage in
reference to ground.
These are active single ended probes that are designed to measure high voltages (safely). The y
measure the voltage in reference to ground.
for specifications and ordering information.
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Probe Compensation
Passive probes must be compensated to flatten overshoot. This is accomplished by means of a trimmer at the
connector end of the probe.
1. Attach the connector end of your PP008 probe to any channel.
2. Connect the probe end to the CAL output connector at the front of the oscilloscope.
3. Adjust the trim pot at the connector end of the probe until the square wave is as flat as possible.
SAMPLING MODES
Depending on your timebase, the following sampling modes are available:
WaveStream Mode - This fast viewing mode provides brightness-graded intensity with a decay time
similar to the action of phosphor on an analog screen. WaveStream mode operates at up to 10
GS/s with an update rate up to 8000 waveforms/second for better capture of higher fre quency
abnormal events.
Real Time Mode - A single-shot (real time) acquisition is a series of digitized voltage values
sampled on the input signal at a uniform rate.
Sequence Mode - In sequence mode, the complete waveform consists of a number of fixed-size
segments acquired in single-shot mode
Roll Mode - This mode is invoked automatically for slow acquisitions when the time per division is
200 ms/div or greater. Roll mode will sample at 2 MS/s (depending on memory availability).
RIS Mode - Random Interleaved Sampling is an acquisition technique that allows effective sampling
rates higher than the maximum single-shot sampling rate. It is used on repetitive waveforms with a
stable trigger
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Selecting a Sampling Mode
1. In the menu bar, touch Timebase, then Horizontal Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. In the Horizontal dialog, touch a Sample Mode button.
3. If you chose Sequence Mode, touch the Smart Memory tab, then touch inside the Num Segments field
and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keypad.
4. If you want to use a timeout condition for Sequence mode, touch the Enable Timeout checkbox; then touch
inside the Timeout field
and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keypad.
Single-shot Sampling Mode
Basic Capture Technique
A single-shot acquisition is a series of digitized voltage values sampled on the input signal at a uniform rate. It is
also a series of measured data values associated with a single trigger event. The acquisition is typically stopped a
defined number of samples after this event occurs: a number determined by the selected trigger delay and
measured by the timebase. The waveform's horizontal position (and waveform display in ge neral) is determined
using the trigger event as the definition of time zero.
You can choose either a pre- or post-trigger delay. Pre-trigger delay is the time from the left-hand edge of the
display grid forward to the trigger event, while post-trigger delay is the time back to the event. You can sample the
waveform in a range starting well before the trigger event up to the moment the event occurs. This is 100% pretrigger, and it allows you to see the waveform leading up to the point at which the trigger condition was met and
the trigger occurred. (The instrument offers up to the maximum record length of points of pre-trigger information.)
Post-trigger delay, on the other hand, allows you to sample the waveform starting at the equivalent of 10,000
divisions after the event occurred.
Because each instrument input channel has a dedicated ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), the voltage on each
is sampled and measured at the same instant. This allows very reliable time measurements b etween the
channels.
On fast timebase settings, the maximum single-shot sampling rate is used. But for slower timebases, the
sampling rate is decreased and the number of data samples maintained.
The relationship between sample rate, memory, and time can be simply defined as:
and
Sequence Sampling Mode - Working with Segments
In sequence mode, the complete waveform consists of a number of fixed-size segments acquired in single-shot
mode (see the instrument specifications for the limits). Select the number of segments to be captured, then select
each segment individually and use it for processing with math and measure tools.
Sequence mode offers a number of unique capabilities. With it, you can limit dead time between trigger events for
consecutive segments. The instrument can capture in fine detail complicated sequences of events over large time
intervals, while ignoring the uninteresting periods between the events. You can also make time measurements
between events on selected segments using the full precision of the acquisition timebase.
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Each individual segment can be zoomed or used as input to math functions.
The instrument uses the sequence timebase setting to determine the capture duration of each segm ent: 10 x
time/div. Along with this setting, the oscilloscope uses the desired number of segments, maximum segment
length, and total available memory to determine the actual number of samples or segments, and time or points.
However, the display of the complete waveform with all its segments may not entirely fill the screen.
You can also use Sequence mode in remote operation to take full advantage of the instrument's high datatransfer capability.
How the instrument captures segments
Sequence Mode Setup
Note: Once a single acquisition has started, you can interrupt the acquisition at any time by pressing the Single
front panel button a second time. In this case, the segments already acquired will be retained in memory.
1. In the menu bar, touch Timebase, then touch Horizontal Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Sequence mode button:
3. Touch the Sequence tab. Under Sequence Options, touch inside the Num Segments field a nd enter the
number of segments you want to display, using the pop-up keypad.
4. Touch inside the Timeout field and enter a timeout value.
Note: The timeout period accounts for inst ances when a Num Segments miscount occurs for some reason
and the oscilloscope waits indefinitely for an unforthcoming segment. During that time, no oscilloscop e
functions are accessible. By means of a timeout value, however, the acquisition will be completed, the
waveform displayed, and control of the oscilloscope returned to the user after the timeout has elapsed.
5. Touch the Enable Timeout checkbox.
6. In the menu bar, touch Display, then Display Setup... in the drop-down menu.
7. At the far right of the Display dialog, under “Sequence,” touch inside the Display mode field, and make a
selection from the pop-up menu. Display modes are different ways to view your waveforms, as explained on
the next page.
8. Touch inside the Num seg displayed field and enter a value from 1 to 80, using the pop-up numeric keypad.
9. Touch inside the Starting at field and enter a starting segment number, using the pop-up numeric keypad.
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Sequence Display Modes
The instrument gives you a choice of five ways to display your segments:
A
DJACENT
ATERFALL (CASCADED)
W
OSAIC (TILED)
M
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VERLAY
O
ERSPECTIVE
P
The number of segments you choose to display (80 maximum) can be less than the total number of segments in
the waveform. For example, in the pop-up images above, the number of display segments is 10, but the total
number of segments entered in the timebase dialog's Num Segments field is 100.
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Displaying Individual Segments
1. Touch Math in the menu bar, then Math Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch a function tab (F1 to Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software options loaded
on your oscilloscope. See specifications.).
3. Touch inside the Operator1 field and select Segment
4. In the right-hand dialog, touch the Select tab.
5. Touch inside the Select field and use the pop-up numeric keypad to select the segment you want to display.
Note: In Persistence mode, the segments are automatically overlaid one on top of the other in the display. In
non-Persistence mode, they appear separately on the grid.
from the pop-up menu.
Viewing Time Stamps
1. In the menu bar, touch Timebase, then touch Acquisition Status... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Trigger time tab.
3. Under Time of, select channels or a memory waveform.
RIS Sampling Mode - For Higher Sampling Rates
RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling) is an acquisition technique that allows effective sampling rates higher than
the maximum single-shot sampling rate. It is used on repetitive waveforms with a stable trigger. The maximum
effective sampling rate of 50 GS/s can be achieved with RIS by making 100 single-shot acquisitions at 500 MS/s.
The bins thus acquired are positioned approximately 20 ps apart. The process of acqui ring these bins and
satisfying the time constraint is a random one. The relative time between ADC sampling instants and the event
trigger provides the necessary variation, measured by the timebase to 5 ps resolution.
The instrument requires multiple triggers to complete an acquisition. The number depen ds on the sample rate: the
higher the sample rate, the more triggers are required. It then interleaves these segments (see the following
figure) to provide a waveform covering a time interval that is a multiple of the maximum single-shot sampling rate.
However, the real-time interval over which the instrument collects the waveform data is much longer, and
depends on the trigger rate and the amount of interleaving required. The oscilloscope is capable of acquiri ng
approximately 40,000 RIS segments per second.
Note: RIS mode is not available when the oscilloscope is operating in Fixed Sample Rate mode.
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Roll Mode
• Roll mode can be selected when the timebase mode is real time, time per division is > 2 00 ms/div, and the
sampling rate is < 200 kS/s.
• Roll mode is not selected automatically when the above criteria are met. You must select Roll mode manually
from the Timebase dialog each time you want to invoke it.
• Roll mode displays, in real time, incoming points in single-shot acquisitions that have a sufficiently low data
rate. The oscilloscope rolls the incoming data continuously acro ss the screen until a trigger event is detected
and the acquisition is complete. The parameters or math functions connected to each channel are updated
every time the roll mode buffer is updated, as if new data is available. This resets statistics on every step of
Roll mode that is valid because of new data.
Note: If the processing time is greater than the acquire time, the data in memory gets overwritten. In this case,
the instrument issues the warning: Channel data is not continuous in ROLL mode!!! and rolling will start over
again.
VERTICAL SETTINGS AND CHANNEL CONTROLS
Adjusting Sensitivity and Position
Sensitivity Adjustment
1. Touch Vertical in the menu bar, then Channel 1, for example, in the drop-down
menu.
Touch inside the Trace On checkbox to display the trace. Or, use the
VERTICAL front panel buttons to turn it on.
2. Turn the volts per division knob. Or you can touch inside the Volts/Div field and
type in a value using the pop-up keypad.
3. The voltage that you set is displayed in the Volts/Div field and in the trace
descriptor label.
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Adjusting the Waveform's Position
Turn the vertical offset adjust knob directly above the channel button whose waveform
you want to move vertically. Or you can touch inside the Offset field and type in a value
on the pop-up keypad. To set the vertical offset to zero, press the vertical offset adjust
knob for the channel you want to adjust:
Coupling
Coupling choices are as follows:
• DC 50 Ω
• GROUND
• DC 1 MΩ
• AC 1 MΩ
Overload Protection
The maximum input voltage is 5 V
switches from DC 50 to GROUND. You will then have to manually reset the coupling to DC 50 ohms, as
described next.
. When the voltage exceeds this limit, the coupling mode automatically
rms
Coupling Setup
1. In the menu bar, touch the Vertical button, then Channel X Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch inside the Coupling field and select a coupling mode from the pop-up menu.
Probe Attenuation
Probe Attenuation Setup
LeCroy's ProBus system automatically senses probes and sets their attenuation for you. However, to set the
attenuation manually:
1. In the menu bar, touch Vertical, then select a channel from the drop-down menu.
2. Touch inside the Probe Atten. field
3. Touch a divide-by menu selection or touch Var (variable). If you choose Var, type in a value using the pop-up
numeric keypad.
.
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Bandwidth Limit
Reducing the bandwidth also reduces the signal and system n oise, and prevents high freq uency aliasing.
Bandwidth Limiting Setup
To set bandwidth limiting:
1. In the menu bar, touch Vertical, then select a channel from the drop-down menu.
2. Touch inside the Bandwidth field and select a bandwidth limit value from the pop-up menu.
The options are:
o Full
o 200 MHz
o 20 MHz
Averaging
The WaveRunner Xi oscilloscope allows you the opportunity to continuously average your signal to reduce sign al
noise and aid in signal evaluation. If you want to use averaging, select a value here by touching inside the
Averaging field and entering a value up to 1 million sweeps on the pop-up keypad.
Linear and (SinX)/X Interpolation
Linear interpolation, which inserts a straight line between sample point, is best used to reconstruct straight-edged
signals such as square waves. (Sinx)/x interpolation, on the other hand, is suitable for reconstructing cu rved or
irregular waveshapes, especially when the sample rate is 3 to 5 times the system bandwidth.
Interpolation Setup
1. Touch the button for the channel you want to set up, for example.
2. In the dialog area, touch inside the Interpolation field under Pre-Processing. "Pre-Processing" means
before Math processing.
3. Touch inside the Interpolation field. A pop-up menu appears offering Linear or Sinx/x interpolation.
4. Touch the button for the type of interpolation you want.
Inverting Waveforms
Touch the Invert checkbox to invert the waveform for the selected channel.
QuickZoom
QuickZoom automatically displays a zoom of the channel or trace on a new grid.
Turning On a Zoom
Touch the Zoom button in the Vertical Adjust dialog.
Finding Scale
You can access the Find Scale button from the Vertical Adjust dialog. This feature automatically calculates
peak-to-peak voltage, and chooses an appropriate Volts/Div scale to fully display the waveform.
Using Find Scale
1. Touch the trace label for the waveform you desire.
2. Touch the Find Scale icon.
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Variable Gain
Variable Gain lets you change the granularity with which the gain is incremented. For example, when Variable
Gain is disabled, the gain will increase or decrease in preset increments of 10 or 100 mV each time you touch the
Up/Down buttons.
However, when Variable Gain is enabled, you can increase or decrease the gain in increments as small as 1 mV,
depending on the scale of the waveform.
Enabling Variable Gain
1. Touch the descriptor label for the waveform whose gain you want to vary.
2. Touch the Variable Gain check box.
Channel Deskew
Unlike the Deskew math function, channel Deskew does no resampling, but instead adjusts the horizontal o ffset
by the amount that you enter. The valid range is dependent on the current timebase +/- 9 divisions.
Channel Deskew Setup
1. In the menu bar, touch Vertical; from the drop-down menu, select a channel to set up.
2. Touch inside the Deskew field and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keypad.
TIMEBASE AND ACQUISITION SYSTEM
Timebase Setup and Control
Set up the timebase by using the front panel Horizontal controls, just as for analog oscilloscopes.
For additional timebase setups:
1. Touch Timebase in the menu bar, then Horizontal Setup... in the drop-down menu. The Horizontal dialog
appears.
2. Touch inside the Time/Division field and enter a value using the po p-up numeric keypad, or use the up/down
arrows to adjust the value.
3. Touch inside the Delay field and type in a value, using the pop-up keypad. Touch the Set To Zero button to
set the delay to zero.
4. Under Real Time Memory adjust the memory as needed.
Dual Channel Acquisition
Combining of Channels
Except for the Waverunner 44Xi model, channels can be combined to increase sample rate, memory, or both in
order to capture and view a signal in all its detail. When you combine channels, uncombined channels like EXT
BNC remain available for triggering, even though they are not displayed.
In 2-channel operation, channels 2 and 3 are active. In Auto operation, you can use channel 1 or 2, and channel 3
or 4. On the paired channels the maximum sampling rate is doubled and the record length is greatly increased:
Ch 1 & Ch 3 10 GS/s
Ch 1 & Ch 4 10 GS/s
Ch 2 & Ch 3 10 GS/s
Ch 2 & Ch 4 10 GS/s
As you can see, sampling can be maximized to 10 GS/s for any combination of two channels, except a
combination of channels 1 and 2, or channels 3 and 4, which yield 5 GS/s. The basic rule is to choose either
channel 1 or 2 for your first input, and either channel 3 or 4 for the second input.
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Refer to Acquisition Modes in the specifications for maximum sample rates.
Combining Channels
1. In the menu bar, touch Timebase, then Horizontal Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Under “Active Channels,” touch 4, 2, or Auto. The maximum sample rate is shown alongside each button.
Autosetup
When channels are turned on, Autosetup operates only on those turned-on channels. If no channels are turned
on, all channels are affected. When more than one channel is turned on, the first channel in numerical ord er with
a signal applied to it is automatically set up for edge triggering.
You can perform an autosetup of all these functions together by simply pressing
touching Autosetup
in the Vertical, Timebase, or Trigger drop-down menu.
on the front panel, or by
TRIGGERING
Trigger Setup Considerations
Trigger Modes
• Auto mode causes the oscilloscope to sweep even without a trigger. An internal timer triggers the sweep so
that the display remains, even when the signal does not cause a trigger.
• In Normal mode, the oscilloscope sweeps only if the input signal reaches the set trigger point. Otherwise it
continues to display the last acquired waveform.
• In Single mode, only one sweep occurs each time you press the button.
• Stop mode inhibits all sweeps until you select one of the other three modes.
Trigger Types
The triggers available to you are defined as follows:
Edge
Width
A simple trigger, Edge trigger is activated by basic waveform features or conditions such as positive
or negative slope, and holdoff.
Width trigger allows you to define a positive- or negative-going pulse width bounded by a voltage
level, above or below which a trigger will occur. Or you can specify a pulse width and voltage range,
within or outside of which a trigger will occur.
Glitch
Interval
Qualified
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Glitch trigger is a simpler form of Width trigger. Use Glitch trigger when you want to define a fixed
pulse-width time or time range only. Glitch trigger makes no provision for voltage levels or ranges.
While Glitch trigger performs over the width of a pulse, Interval trigger performs over the width of an
interval - the signal duration (the period) separating two consecutive edges of the same polarity:
positive to positive or negative to negative. Use interval trigger to capture intervals that fall short of,
or exceed, a given time limit. In addition, you can define a width range to capture any interval that is
itself inside or outside the specified range - an Exclusion trigger by interval.
The Qualified (A-B) trigger allows arming of the trigger on Event A and triggering on Event B. If the
arming event is a Pattern that occurs once (Pattern) or that occurs and stays satisfied (PatState), the
triggering event can be an Edge, Width, Glitch, or Interval condition.
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State
Dropout
Logic
TV
Serial
Trigger
and
Decode
The State trigger is a level-qualified trigger which requires that the qualifying signal remain above or
below a specified voltage level for a trigger to occur. For Sate trigger, you specify the time or number
of events after the signal has gone above or below the voltage level when you want the trigger to
occur.
Used primarily in single-shot applications, and usually with a pre-trigger delay, Dropout trigger can
detect lost signals. The trigger is generated at the end of the timeout period following the last trigger
source transition. You can select a timeout period from 2 ns to 20 s.
Logic trigger enables triggering on a logical combination (pattern) of five inputs: CH1, CH2, CH3,
CH4, EXT. You have a choice of four Boolean operators (AND, NAND, OR, NOR), and you can
stipulate the high or low voltage logic level for each input independently.
TV triggers provide stable triggering on standard or custom composite video signals. Use them on
PAL, SECAM, or NTSC systems. Optional HDTV trigger supports 1080i, 1080p, and 720p formats.
Serial trigger allows a serial trigger condition to be set from within the oscilloscope, using an easy-tounderstand interface.
Slew Rate
Runt
Slew Rate trigger activates a trigger when the rising or falling edge of a pulse crosses two threshold
levels: an upper level and a lower level. The pulse edge must cross the thresholds faster or slower
than a selected period of time. You can select both thresholds within a range of 2 ns to 20 s.
The runt trigger is programmed to occur when a pulse crosses a first threshold line and fails to cross
a second threshold line before recrossing the first. You can select both voltage thre sholds within a
time range of 100 ps to 20 s. Other defining conditions for this trigger are the edge (triggers on the
slope opposite to that selected) and runt width.
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Determining Trigger Level, Slope, Source, and Coupling
1. Level defines the source voltage at which the trigger circuit will generate an event: a change in the input
signal that satisfies the trigger conditions. The selected trigger level is associated with the chosen trigger
source.
Trigger level is specified in volts and normally remains unchanged when you change the vertical gain or
offset.
The amplitude and range of the trigger level are limited as follows:
o ±5 screen divisions with a channel as the trigger source
o ±400 mV with EXT as the trigger source
o ±4 V with EXT/10 as the trigger source
o ±40 mV with EXT*10 as the trigger source
o None with LINE as the trigger source (zero crossing is used).
2. Coupling refers to the type of signal coupling at the input of the trigger circuit. Because of the instrument's
very high bandwidth, there is only one choice of trigger coupling: DC 50 ohms. However, as a visual check of
where ground is, you may switch the channel to ground coupling at any time while testing.
With DC coupling, all of the signal's frequency components are coupled to the trigger circuit for highfrequency bursts.
3. Slope determines the direction of the trigger voltage transition used for generating a particular trigger event.
You can choose a positive, negative, or windowed slope. Like coupling, the sele cted slope is associated with
the chosen trigger source.
Edge trigger works on the selected edge at the chosen level. The slope (positive or negative) is specified in the Trigger label
permanently displayed below-right of the grid.
Trigger Source
The Trigger Source source may be one of the following:
• The acquisition channel signal (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 or CH 4) conditioned for the overall voltage gain, coupling,
and bandwidth.
• The line voltage that powers the oscilloscope (LINE). This can be used to provide a stable display of signals
synchronous with the power line. Coupling and level are not relevant for this selection.
• The signal applied to the EXT BNC connector (EXT). This can be used to trigger the oscilloscope within a
range of ±400 mV on EXT, ±4 V with EXT/10 as the trigger source.
• A logic pattern.
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Level
Level defines the source voltage at which the trigger circuit will generate an event (a change in the input signal
that satisfies the trigger conditions). The selected trigger level is associated with the chosen trigge r source. Note
that the trigger level is specified in volts and normally remains unchanged when the vertical gain or offset is
modified.
The Amplitude and Range of the trigger level are limited as follows:
• ±5 screen divisions with a channel as the trigger source
• ±400 mV with EXT as the trigger source
• ±4 V with EXT/10 as the trigger source
• none with LINE as the trigger source (zero crossing is used)
Note: Once specified, Trigger Level and Coupling are the only parameters that pass unchanged from trigger
mode to trigger mode for each trigger source.
Holdoff by Time or Events
Holdoff is an additional condition of Edge trigger. It can be expressed either as a period of time or an event count.
Holdoff disables the trigger circuit for a given period of time or number of events after the last trigger occurred.
Events are the number of occasions on which the trigger condition is met. The trigger will again occur when the
holdoff has elapsed and the trigger's other conditions are met.
Use holdoff to obtain a stable trigger for repetitive, composite waveforms. For example, if the number or duration
of sub-signals is known you can disable them by choosing an appropriate holdoff value. Qualified triggers operate
using conditions similar to holdoff.
Hold Off by Time
Sometimes you can achieve a stable display of complex, repetitive waveforms by placing a condition on the time
between each successive trigger event. This time would otherwise be limited only by the input signal, the
coupling, and the instrument's bandwidth. Select a positive or negative slope, and a minimum time betwe en
triggers. The trigger is generated when the condition is met after the selected holdoff time, counted from the last
trigger. Any time between 1 ns and 20 s can be selected. The delay is initialized and started on each trigger.
Edge Trigger with Holdoff by Time. The bold edges on the trigger source indicate that a positive slope has been selected. The
broken upward-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, which would occur if other conditions are met. The bold arrows indicate
where the triggers actually occur when the holdoff time has been exceeded.
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Hold Off by Events
Select a positive or negative slope and a number of events. An event is the number of times the trigger condition
is met after the last trigger. A trigger is generated when the condition is met after this number, counted from the
last trigger. The count is restarted on each trigger. For example, if the event number is two, the trigger will occur
on the third event. From one to 99,999,999 events can be selected.
Edge Trigger with Holdoff by Events (in this example, two events). The bold edges on the trigger source indicate that a positive
slope has been selected. The broken, upward-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, while the bold ones show where triggers
actually occur after the holdoff expires.
Simple Triggers
Edge Trigger on Simple Signals
The instrument uses many waveform capture techniques that trigger on features and conditions that you define.
These triggers fall into two major categories:
1. Edge - activated by basic waveform features or conditions such as a positive or negative slope, and hold-off
2. SMART Trigger - sophisticated triggers that enable you to use basic or complex conditions for triggering.
Use Edge Triggers for simple signals, and the SMART Triggers for signals with rare features, like glitches.
Control Edge Triggering
Horizontal: Turn the Delay knob in the HORIZONTAL control group to adjust the trigger's horizontal position. Or,
touch inside the Delay field in the timebase setup dialog and enter a value, using the pop -up keypad.
The trigger location is shown by a marker below the grid:
Post-trigger delay is indicated by a left-pointing arrow below-left of the grid:
The time value is given in the title line of the TimeBase label (lower-right of the grid):
Vertical: Turn the L
EVEL knob in the TRIGGER control group to adjust the trigger's vertical threshold.
Turn this knob to adjust the level of the trigger source or the highlighted trace. Level defines the source voltage at
which the trigger will generate an event a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions.
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Alternatively, in the Trigger dialog, you can touch inside the Level field and type in a value, using the pop-up
numeric keypad. To quickly set a level of zero volts, touch the Zero Level button directly below the Coupling
field.
An arrow on the left side of the grid shows the threshold position. This arrow is only visible if the trigger source is
displayed.
Edge Trigger Setup
CHANNEL SETUP
1. In the menu bar, touch Trigger, then select Trigger Setup... from the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Edge trigger button
3. Touch inside the Trigger Source field and select an input from the pop-up menu.
4. Touch inside the Level field:
5. In the pop-up numeric keypad, enter a value in millivolts or use the up/down buttons to increase or decrease
the value in increments of 1 mV. Or, touch one of the preset value buttons:
6. Select the holdoff by touching the Time or Events buttons
,
7. Using the pop-up numeric keypad, enter a value and specify the unit of time:
under the Trigger tab.
8. Or, use the up/down buttons to increase or decrease the time value in increments of 100 µs. Or, touch one of
the preset value buttons:
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9. Choose Positive, Negative, or Window slope.
Window slope sets a threshold above and below the trigger level beyond which the
signal must pass to generate a trigger. The slope can be either positive or negative.
Width Trigger
HOW WIDTH TRIGGER WORKS
Width trigger allows you to define a positive- or negative-going pulse width bounded by a voltage level, above or
below which a trigger will occur. You can specify a pulse width and voltage range, within or outside of which a
trigger will occur.
IDTH TRIGGER SETUP
W
1. Touch the Trigger descriptor label.
2. Touch the Width trigger button
3. Touch inside the Trigger Source field and select a source on which to trigger.
4. Touch inside the Level field and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keyp ad.
5. Select Positive or Negative polarity.
6. Touch the Less Than button and enter a pulse-width value in the Upper Limit field.
o Or touch the Greater Than button and enter a pulse-width value in the Lower Limit field.
o Or touch the InRange button. Touch the Delta button
to set up a nominal range, plus or
minus a delta value in seconds. Touch inside the Nominal Width and Delta fields and enter values
using the pop-up numeric keypads. Alternatively, touch the Limits button
pulse-width range. Touch inside the Lower Limit and Upper Limit fields and enter values using the
pop-up keypads.
to set up a precise
o Or touch the Out Of Range button and perform the same range setups as for In Range triggering.
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Qualified Trigger
HOW QUALIFIED TRIGGERS WORK
Use a signals transition above or below a given level (its validation) as an enabling (qualifying) condition for a
second signal that is the trigger source. These are Qualified triggers. For Edge Qualified triggers (the default) the
transition is sufficient and no additional requirement is placed on the first signal. For State Qualified triggers the
amplitude of the first signal must remain in the desired state until the trigger occurs. A qualified trigger can o ccur
immediately after the validation, or following a predetermined time delay or number of potential trigger events.
The time delay or trigger count is restarted with every validation.
Within Time creates a time window within which a trigger can occur.
Wait Time determines a delay from the start of the desired pattern. After the delay (timeout) and while the
pattern is present, a trigger can occur. The timing for the delay is restarted when the selected pattern begins.
Events determines a minimum number of events of the trigger source. An event is generated when a
trigger source meets its trigger conditions. On the selected event of the trigger source and while the pattern is
present, a trigger can occur. The count is initialized and started whenever the selected pattern begins, and
continues while the pattern remains. When the selected count is reached, the trigger occurs.
Edge Qualified and Wait: Trigger after timeout. The broken upward-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, while the bold ones
show where the actual triggers occur.
UALIFIED FIRST TRIGGER
Q
• Qualified First trigger is intended to be used exclusively in Sequence Mode to speed up the trigger rate. With
Qualified First trigger, a single valid trigger is sufficient to acquire a full sequence. Other than in Sequence
Mode, Qualified First is identical to the Qualified triggers.
• In data storage applications, the index pulse can be defined as the qualifier signal and the servo gate signal
as the trigger source.
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EDGE QUALIFIED TRIGGER SETUP
1. Touch the Trigger descriptor label.
2. Touch the Qualified trigger button.
3. Under "Arm trigger on Event 'A'" select Edge as the condition on which to arm the trigger. The Edge condition
will automatically be selected under "Then trigger on Event 'B'" also.
4. Under "When 'B' occurs", select a wait condition (time or events) and set a value.
5. Touch the Event 'A' Edge tab.
6. Select a trigger source under "Qualifier Setup."
7. Set a trigger voltage level in the Level field. Then select a slope and coupling.
8. Touch the Event 'B' Edge tab and make the same setups for the dependent trigger.
Pattern (Logic) Trigger
HOW LOGIC TRIGGER WORKS
Logic Trigger enables triggering on a logical combination of up to five inputs: CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4, and EXT.
The combination of inputs is referred to as a pattern. There are four logic gates available: AND, NAND, OR, NOR.
A trigger state is either high or low: high when a trigger source is greater than the trigger level (threshold) and low
when less than it. For example, an AND pattern could be defined as true when the trigger state for CH 1 is high,
CH 2 is low, and EXT is irrelevant (X or don't care). If any one of these conditions is not met, the pattern state is
considered false.
Logic Applications
Logic Trigger can be used in digital design for the testing of complex logic inputs or data transmission buses.
OGIC TRIGGER SETUP
L
1. Touch the Trigger descriptor label.
2. In the Trigger dialog, touch the Pattern trigger button.
3. If you want to hold off the trigger (either in time or events) when the pattern becomes true, touch one of the
Holdoff By: buttons. Then touch inside the holdoff data entry field and enter a value, using the pop-up
keypad.
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4. If applicable, touch the Pattern tab. For each input you want to include in the logic pattern, touch inside the
State field and select a logic state: Low or High. Select Don't Care for all other inputs.
5. Touch inside the Level data entry field for each input included in the pattern, and enter a voltage level
threshold, using the pop-up keypad.
TV Trigger
TV triggers provide stable triggering on standard or custom composite video signals. Use them on PAL, SECAM,
or NTSC systems.
TV
TRIGGER SETUP
1. Touch the Trigger descriptor label.
2.
In the Trigger dialog, touch the TV trigger button
3. Touch one of these buttons (NTSC or PAL/SECAM) to select a television
standard.
4. Touch inside TV Trigger Source and select the Ext (location of Trigger Out
cable) from the pop-up menu.
Note: The channel that you have the VT75 Module connected to is
automatically designated TV Signal in the menu.
5. Touch inside Polarity and select positive or negative polarity. This selection is
endent of the polarity selected for Edge trigger (positive) in the "Trigger"
indep
setup dialog.
6. Check the Trigger on Any Line checkbox if you do not want to specify one. In
this case the oscilloscope will trigger on any sync pulse.
7. Touch inside # of Fields and make a selection (1 to 8) from the pop-up menu.
8. Touch inside Line and enter a line number, using the pop-up keypad. The
maximum line number that you can enter depends on the television standard
(NTSC/PAL/SECAM) and the interlace factor selected. For NTSC, line 526 is
the same as line 1; for PAL, line 626 is the same as line 1.
9. Touch inside Field and make a selection from the pop-up menu. The maximum
field number that you can select is limited by your selection in # of Fields. If # of
Fields above is set to 1, this selection is disabled.
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OPERATOR’S MANUAL
1. Touch the Custom button to select Custom mode.
2. Touch inside # of Lines, and enter a value up to 1500, using the pop-up keypad.
3. Touch inside Hz and select 50 or 60 Hz from the pop-up menu.
4. Tou
ch inside Interlace and select an interlacing factor from the pop-up menu.
Note: A selection from this menu of 1:1 will reset the # of Fields selection to 1,
since interlacing does not apply to a single field. The maximum allowable
interlace factor is equal to the # of Fields set.
SMART Triggers
Glitch Trigger
HOW GLITCH TRIGGER WORKS
Glitch trigger can be used to catch glitches. You can specify a pulse width or a pulse width range.
Pulse smaller than selected pulse width: Set a maximum pulse width. This glitch trigger is generated on the
selected edge (positive or negative) when the pulse width is less than or equal to the set width.
The timing for the width is initialized and restarted on the opposite slope to that selected.
Note: If the glitch's width is narrower than the signal's width, set the trigger to a narrower width than that of the
signal. The signal's width, as determined by the instrument trigger comparator, depends on the DC trigger
level. If that level were to be set at the middle of a sine wave, for example, the width could then be considered
as the half period. But if the level were higher, the signal's width would be considered to be less than the half
period.
Glitch Trigger: In this example triggering on a pulse width less than or equal to the width selected. The broken upward-pointing
arrow indicates a potential trigger, while the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs.
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LITCH TRIGGER SETUP
G
1. Touch the Trigger descriptor label.
2. If applicable, touch the Smart trigger button, then the Glitch trigger button.
3. Touch inside the trigger Source field and select a source on which to trigger.
4. Touch inside the Level data entry field and enter a value using the pop-up keypad.
5. Select Positive or Negative polarity.
Define the width of the glitch you are looking for. You can trigger on any glitch less than a chosen pulse-width
(Upper Limit); or you can trigger on a chosen range. When you touch the Less Than button; the Upper Limit
data entry field alone is displayed. When you touch the In Range button; the Upper Limit and Lower Limit
fields are displayed.
6. Touch inside the limit fields and enter a time value, using the pop-up keypad.
Interval Trigger
HOW INTERVAL TRIGGERS WORK
While Glitch trigger performs over the width of a pulse, Interval trigger performs over the width of an interval, with
the signal duration (period) separating two consecutive edges of the same polarity: positive to positive or negative
to negative. Use Interval trigger to capture intervals that fall short of, or exceed, a given time limit. In addition, you
can define a width range to capture any interval that is itself inside or outside the specified range: an exclusion
trigger by interval.
• Interval Less Than: For this Interval Trigger, generated on a time interval smaller than the one that you set,
choose a maximum interval between two like edges of the same slope (positive, for example).
The trigger is generated on the second (positive) edge if it occurs within the set interval. The instrument
initializes and restarts the timing for the interval whenever the selected edge occurs.
Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval width is smaller than the selected interval. The broken, upward-pointing arrow
indicates a potential trigger, while the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs on the positive edge within the selected
interval.
• Interval Greater Than: For this Interval Trigger, generated on an interval larger than the one that you set,
select a minimum interval between two edges of the same slope. The instrument generates the trigger on the
second edge if it occurs after the set interval. The timing for the interval is initialized and restarted whenever
the selected edge occurs.
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Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval width is larger than the set interval. The broken upward-pointing arrow indicates a
potential trigger, while the bold one shows where the actual trigger occurs on the positive edge after the selected interval.
• Interval In Range: This Interval Trigger is generated whenever an interval between two edges of the same
slope falls within a selected range. The instrument initializes and restarts the timing for the interval whenever
the selected edge occurs.
Interval Trigger that triggers when the interval falls within the selected range:
t1 = range's lower time limit; t2 = range's upper limit. The broken upward-pointing arrow indicates a potential trigger, while the bold
one indicates where the actual trigger occurs on the positive edge within the selected range.
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INTERVAL TRIGGER SETUP
1. Touch the Trigger descriptor label.
2. If applicable, touch the Smart trigger button, then the Interval trigger button.
3. Touch inside the Trigger Source field and select a source on which to trigger.
4. If available, touch inside the Coupling field and select a coupling mode.
5. Touch inside the Level field and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keyp ad.
6. Select positive or negative polarity.
7. Touch the LessThan button and enter a pulse-width value in the Upper Limit field.
o Or touch the Greater Than button and enter a value in the Lower Limit data entryfield.
o Or touch the In Range button.
8. Touch the Delta button to set up a nominal range, plus or minus a delta value in seconds. Touch inside the
7. Nominal Width and Delta data entry fields and enter values using the pop-up numeric keypads.
Touch the Limits button to set up a precise range. Touch inside the Lower Limit and Upper Limit data entry
fields and enter values using the pop-up numeric keypads.
o Or, if available, touch the Out Of Range button and perform the same Delta or Limits setup as for In
Range triggering.
Dropout Trigger
Used primarily in single-shot applications, and usually with a pre-trigger delay, Dropout trigger can detect lost
signals. The trigger is generated at the end of the timeout period following the last trigger source transition.
H
OW DROPOUT TRIGGER WORKS
Dropout Trigger: occurs when the timeout has expired. The bold upward-pointing arrows show where the trigger occurs.
ROPOUT TRIGGER SETUP
D
1. Touch the Trigger descriptor label.
2. If applicable, touch the Smart trigger button, then the Dropout trigger button.
3. Select Positive or Negative polarity.
4. Touch inside the Trigger after timeout data entry field and enter a time value, using the pop-up keypad.
5. Enter a voltage level in the Level field.
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Runt Trigger
The Runt trigger is programmed to occur when a pulse crosses a first threshold line and fails to cross a second
threshold line before recrossing the first. You can select both voltage thresholds within a time ran ge of 100 ps to
20 s. Other defining conditions for this trigger are the edge (triggers on the slope opposite to that selected) and
runt width.
UNT TRIGGER SETUP
R
1. Touch the Trigger descriptor label.
2. If applicable, touch the Smart trigger button, then touch the Runt trigger button.
3. Touch inside the trigger Source field and select a source on which to trigger. If
4. you select an external trigger source, you will also need to set a coupling mode.
5. Touch inside the Level data entry field and enter a value, using the pop-up keypad.
6. Select Positive or Negative polarity.
7. Touch the Less Than button and enter a pulse-width value in the Upper Limit field.
o Or touch the Greater Than button and enter a pulse-width value in the Lower Limit field.
o Or touch the In Range button. Then touch the Delta button to set up a nominal range, plus or minus a
delta value in seconds. Touch inside the Nominal Width and Delta fields and enter values, using the
pop-up numeric keypads. Alternatively, touch the Limits button to set up a precise pulse-width range
by setting Lower Limit and Upper Limit values, using the pop-up keypads.
o Or touch the Out Of Range button and perform the same range setups as for In Range triggering.
Slew Rate Trigger
1. Touch the Trigger descriptor label.
2. If applicable, touch the Smart trigger button, then touch the Slew Rate trigger button.
3. Touch inside the trigger Source field and select a source on which to trigger. If
4. you select an external trigger source, you will also need to set a coupling mode.
5. Touch inside the Level data entry field and enter a value, using the pop-up keypad.
6. Select Positive or Negative polarity.
7. Touch the Less Than button and enter a pulse-width value in the Upper Limit field.
o Or touch the Greater Than button and enter a pulse-width value in the Lower Limit field.
o Or touch the In Range button. Then touch the Delta button to set up a nominal range, plus or minus a
delta value in seconds. Touch inside the Nominal Width and Delta fields and enter values, using the
pop-up numeric keypads. Alternatively, touch the Limits button to set up a precise pulse-width range
by setting Lower Limit and Upper Limit values, using the pop-up keypads.
o
Or touch the Out Of Range button and perform the same range setups as for In Range triggering.
DISPLAY FORMATS
1. In the menu bar, touch Display; then touch Display Setup in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch one of the Grid combination buttons. Autogrid automatically adds or deletes grids as you select more
or fewer waveforms to display.
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3. Touch inside the Grid Intensity field and enter a value from 0 to 100 using the pop-up keypad.
4. Touch the Grid on Top checkbox if you want to superimpose the grid over the waveform. Depending on the
grid intensity, some of your waveform may be hidden from view when the grid is placed on top. To undo,
simply uncheck Grid on Top.
5. Touch the Axis Labels checkbox to permanently display the values of the top and bottom grid lines
(calculated from volts/div) and the extreme left and right grid lines (calculated from the timebase).
6. Choose a line style for your trace: solid Line or Points:
Sequence Mode Display
To a set up Sequence Mode display, you must first have selected Sequence trigger mode in the Timebase
dialog. You must also have entered a Num Segments value. Persistence must be turned off.
1. In the menu bar, touch Display; then touch Display Setup… in the drop-down menu.
2. If persistence is enabled, turn it off by touching the Persistence tab and un-checking the Persistence On
checkbox.
3. Select a display mode by touching one of the mode buttons.
4. Touch inside the Num seg displayed field and enter a value, using the pop-up keypad. The maximum
number of segments that can be displayed is 100.
5. Touch inside the Starting at field and enter a value.
Note: The maximum value that you can enter for Starting at depends on the Num Segments value you
entered in the Timeba se dialog. It also depends on the Num seg displayed value you entered here in the
Display dialog. For example, if you had entered a value of 500 in Num Segments, and a value of 10 in Num
seg displayed, the maximum value you can enter as a starting segment is 491so that 10 segments can be
seen.
Persistence Setup
The analog Persistence feature helps you display your waveform and reveal its idiosyncrasies or anomalies for a
repetitive signal. Use Persistence to accumulate on-screen points from many acquisitions to see your signal
change over time. The instrument persistence modes show the most frequent signal path "three-dimensio nally" in
intensities of the same color, or graded in a spectrum of colors.
You can show persistence for up to eight inputs for any channel, math function, or memory location (M1 to M4).
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Saturation Level
The Persistence display is generated by repeated sampling of the amplitudes of events over time, and the
accumulation of the sampled data into "3-dimensional" display maps. These maps create an analog-style display.
User-definable persistence duration can be used to view how the maps evolve proportionally over time. Statistical
integrity is preserved because the duration (decay) is proportional to the persistence population for each
amplitude or time combination in the data. In addition, the instrument gives you post-acquisition saturation control
for a more detailed display.
When you select
mode from the Persistence dialog, each channel is assigned a single color. As a
persistence data map develops, different intensities of that color are assigned to the range between a minimum
and a maximum population. The maximum population automatically gets the highest intensity, the minimum
population gets the lowest intensity, and intermediate populations get intensities in between these extremes.
The information in the lower populations (for example, down at the noise level) could be of greater interest to you
than the rest. The Analog persistence view highlights the distribution of data so that you can examine it in detail.
You can select a saturation level as a percentage of the maximum population. All populations above the
saturation population are then assigned the highest color inte nsity: that is, they are saturated. At the same time,
all populations below the saturation level are assigned the remaining intensities. Data pop ulations are dynamically
updated as data from new acquisitions is accumulated.
Color mode persistence, selected by touching
, works on the same principle as the Analog persistence
feature, but instead uses the entire color spectrum to map signal intensity: violet for minimum population, red for
maximum population. A saturation level of 100% spreads the intensity variation across the entire distribution; at
lower saturation levels the intensity will saturate (become the brightest color) at the percentage value specified.
Lowering this percentage causes the pixels to be saturated at a lower population, and makes visible those rarely
hit pixels not seen at higher percentages.
3-Dimensional Persistence
By selecting 3d , you can create a topographical view of your waveform from a selection of shadings,
textures, and hues. The advantage of the topographical view is that areas of highest and lowest intensity are
shown as peaks and valleys, in addition to color or brightness. The shape of the peaks (pointed or flat) can reveal
further information about the frequency of occurrences in your waveform.
The instrument also gives you the ability to turn the X and Y axes of the waveform through 180° of rotation from 90° to +90°.
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Here is an example of a 3-dimensional view of a square wave using the
solid view of color-graded persistence. Saturation is set at 50%, with red
areas indicating highest intensity. The X-axis has been rotated 60%; the
Y-axis has been rotated 15%.
Here is a monochrome (analog) view of the same waveform. The lightest
areas indicate highest intensity, corresponding to the red areas in the solid
view.
Here is a shaded (projected light) view of the same waveform. This view
emphasizes the shape of the pulses.
Here is a wire frame view of the same waveform in which lines of equal
intensity are used to construct the persistence map.
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Show Last Trace
For most applications, you may not want to show the last trace because it will be superimposed on top of your
persistence display. In those cases turn off Show Last Trace by touching the checkbox. However, if you are
doing mask testing and want to see where the last trace is falling, turn Show Last Trace on.
Persistence Time
You can control the duration of persistence by setting a time limit, in seconds, after which persistence data will be
erased: 0.5 s, 1 s, 2 s, 5 s, 10 s, 20 s, or infinity.
Persistence Setup
1. In the menu bar touch Display, then touch Persistence Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Persistence On checkbox.
3. Touch one of the mode buttons
4. Then touch the Show last trace checkbox if you want the last trace displayed.
5. Touch inside the Saturation field and enter a whole number integer, using the pop-up numeric keypad.
6. Touch inside the Persistence Time field and make a selection from the pop-up menu.
7. If you selected Per Trace, for each input channel touch its tab, then make selections of mode, saturation
level, persistence time, and last trace display in the same way as for All Locked.
To create a 3-dimensional view, touch the 3d button
1. Touch inside the Saturation field and enter a whole number integer, using the pop-up numeric keypad.
2. Touch inside the Persistence Time field and make a selection from the pop-up menu.
3. Under "3D settings," touch inside the Quality field and select an image quality from the pop-up menu: wire
frame, solid, or shaded.
4. For each axis, touch inside the field and enter a value from -90° to +90°.
To turn off persistence for all channels, uncheck the Persistence On checkbox.
. Then
Screen Saver
The Windows screen saver is activated in the same way as for any PC.
1. Minimize the instrument display by touching File in the menu bar, then Minimize in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch Start down in the task bar.
3. Touch Settings in the pop-up menu.
4. Touch Control Panel.
5. Touch Display.
6. Touch the Screen Saver tab.
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Moving Traces from Grid to Grid
You can move traces from grid to grid at the touch of a button.
Moving a Channel or Math Trace
1. Touch the descriptor label for the waveform that you want to move.
8. Touch the Next Grid button
Note: If you have more than one waveform displayed on only one grid, a second grid will open automatically
when you select Next Grid.
Zooming Waveforms
The Zoom button appears as a standard button at the bottom of the channel Cx Vertical Adjust setup
dialog if you want to create a math function zoom trace of your input waveform. You can also zoom a memory or
math function trace directly without having to create a separate zoom trace. For such traces, a zoom control minidialog is provided at the right of each math trace "Fx" setup dialog for precise control:
Alternatively, you can touch and drag a rectangle around a portion of the math or memory trace to zoom it, which
can be done consecutively for higher and higher zooms.
Note: If a histogram is applied, the range of the histogram is limited to the portion of the trace that is visible on
screen. That is, if you zoom in on a trace, the histogram will not contain data for that part of the original trace
no longer visible.
The front panel "QuickZoom" button creates multiple zooms, one for each displayed input channel.
At any time, you can also zoom a portion of a waveform by touching and dragging a rectangle around any part of
the input waveform. The zoom trace will size itself to fit the full width of the grid. The degree of magnification,
therefore, will depend on the size of the rectangle that you draw.
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When you zoom a waveform, an approximation of the zoomed area will appear in a thumbnail icon in the Vertical
Adjust dialog:
Zooming a Single Channel
1. In the menu bar, touch Vertical; then touch a channel number in the drop-down menu. Alternatively, you can
just touch the channel trace label for a displayed channel.
2. Touch the Zoom button at the bottom of the Cx Vertical Adjust dialog. A zoom trace (one of Z1 to Z4) will be
created of the selected channel.
3. To vary the degree of zoom, touch the newly created Zx trace label. The setup dialog for the math function
opens. It shows the current horizontal and vertical zoom factors.
o If you want to increase or decrease your horizontal or vertical zoom in small increments, touch the
Var. checkbox to enable variable zooming. Now with each touch of the zoom control buttons
, the degree of magnification will change by a small increment.
o To zoom in or out in large standard increments with each touch of the zoom control buttons, leave the
Var. checkbox unchecked.
o To set exact horizontal or vertical zoom factors, touch inside the Horizontal Scale/div data entry field
and enter a time-per-div value, using the pop-up numeric keypad.
9. Then touch inside the Vertical Scale/div field and enter a voltage value.
Reset the zoom to x1 magnification, touch Reset Zoom in the dialog or press the front panel zoom button.
Zooming by Touch-and-Drag
1. Touch and drag a rectangle around any part of an input channel waveform, math trace, or memory trace. If
you have enclosed a combination of channel and math or memory traces in the rectangle, a pop-up
"Rectangle Zoom Wizard" will appear.
2. Check all waveforms to be included in the zoom.
3. To turn off the zoom traces, touch the Undo button at the top-right corner of the screen. Or, uncheck the
Trace On checkbox in the dialog for each zoom trace.
Varying the Degree of Zoom
1. Touch the newly created Zx trace label. The setup dialog for the zoom trace opens. It shows the current
horizontal and vertical zoom values.
2. Touch inside the Horizontal or Vertical Scale/div field to highlight it, then turn the front panel A
change the zoom value. The changing value is displayed in the Scale/div field.
o If you want to increase or decrease your horizontal or vertical zoom in small increments, touch the
Var. checkbox to enable variable zooming. Now as you rotate the A
magnification will change by a small increment. To zoom in or out in 1-2-5 standard increments, leave
AR. checkbox unchecked.
the V
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DJUST knob, the degree of
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3. To set precise horizontal or vertical zoom factors, touch inside the appropriate S
time-per-div value, using the pop-up numeric keypad.
o Turn the front panel zoom P
o Turn the front panel Z
Note: WaveSurfer Xs oscilloscopes do not have dedicated zoom control knobs. Instead, use the
HORIZONTAL Delay and Time/Div knobs, and the VERTICAL Offset and V/Div knobs after you open the Zx
dialog for the zoom trace you want to vary.
OSITION knobs to adjust the vertical and horizontal position of the zoom.
OOM knobs to control the boundaries of the zoom.
CALE/DIV field and enter a
Quickly Zooming Multiple Waveforms
Press the front panel QuickZoom button in the ZOOM & MATH CONT ROL group. Each zoom will be
displayed in its own grid.
T
URNING OFF ZOOM
1. Touch the math function trace label (or Zx trace label) for the zoom you want to turn off.
2. Touch the Trace On checkbox to delete the check mark and disable the zoom trace.
Multi-Zoom
The Multi-zoom feature creates time-locked zoom traces for only the waveforms that you choose to include. The
zooms are of the same X-axis section of each waveform. Thus, as you scroll through a waveform, all included
zooms scroll in unison.
ULTI-ZOOM SETUP
M
1. In the menu bar, touch Math, then Math Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Verify that the math function selected for each Fx position you want to include is zoom. If you need to change
the math function for any Fx position, simply touch the Fx button and select Zoom from the Select Math
Operator menu.
3. Touch the On checkbox to display each zoom you want to include in the multi-zoom.
4. Touch the Multi-Zoom Setup button
5. Touch the Multi-zoom On checkbox to enable Multi-zoom. Then touch the Include checkbox for each zoom
trace you want to include in the time-locked multi-zoom:
Previous, the user has chosen to include only F2 and F3 in the Multi-zoom, even though F4 is also a zoom
function and is also displayed. Thus, the scrolling feature will not affect zoom F4.
. The Multi-Zoom dialog opens:
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6. Use the Auto-Scroll buttons at the right of the Multi-Zoom dialog to control the zoomed section of your
waveforms:
URNING OFF MULTI-ZOOM
T
1. In the menu bar, touch Math, then Math Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Multi-Zoom On checkbox to turn off Multi-zoom:
XY Display
Use XY displays to measure the phase shift between otherwise identical signals. You can display either voltage
on both axes or frequency on both axes. The traces must have the same X-axis. The shape of the resulting
pattern reveals information about phase difference and frequency ratio.
DISPLAY SETUP
XY
1. In the menu bar, touch Display; then touch Display Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Choose an XY display by touching one of the XY display mode buttons:
3. You have the choice of showing the two waveforms on just the XY grid, or you can also show the input
waveforms on a single or dual grid.
4. Touch inside the Input X and Input Y fields and select your input sources from the pop-up menus. The
inputs can be any combination of channels, math functions, and memory locations.
SAVE AND RECALL
Saving and Recalling Oscilloscope Settings
You can save or recall oscilloscope settings to or from hard disk, floppy disk, or LAN location.
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Saving Oscilloscope Settings
1. In the menu bar, touch File; then touch Save Setup... in the drop-down menu. Or, press the Save/Recall front
panel button, then touch the Save Setup tab.
2. To Save To File, touch inside the Save Instrument Settings field and use the pop-up keyboard to enter the
path to the destination folder. Or touch Browse to navigate to the destination folder. Then touch
below the field. To save to folder Internal Setups on the oscilloscope's hard drive, touch inside a SetupX
field and use the pop-up keyboard to enter a file name. Touch
deposited in D:\Internal Setups, and the current date is displayed above the field.
alongside the field. The file is
Recalling Oscilloscope Settings
1. In the menu bar, touch File; then touch Recall Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. To Recall From File, touch inside the Recall panels from file field and use the pop-up keyboard to enter the
path to the source folder. Or touch Browse to navigate to the source folder. Then touch
recall settings from folder D:\ Internal Setups on the oscilloscope's hard drive, touch
file you want to recall.
alongside the
. To
Recalling Default Settings
1. In the menu bar, touch File; then touch Recall Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the button under Recall Default Setup
.
Saving Screen Images
You can send images to a hard copy printer or to storage media. Both types of output are done from the same
dialog.
1. In the menu bar, touch Utilities, then Utilities Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Hardcopy tab.
3. Touch the File button.
4. Touch inside the File Format field and select a file type.
5. Under Colors, touch the Use Print Colors checkbox if you want your waveforms to print in color with a white
background. A white background saves printer toner.
6. Touch inside the Directory field and type in the path to the directory where you want the image stored, using
the pop-up keyboard. Or you can touch the browse button and navigate there.
7. Touch inside the File Name field and type in a name for your image, using the pop-up keyboard.
8. Under Include On Print, touch the Grid Area Only checkbox if you do not want to include the dialog area in
the image.
9. Touch the Print Now button.
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Saving and Recalling Waveforms
Saving Waveforms
1. In the menu bar, touch File; then touch Save Waveform... in the drop-down menu.
2. In the Save Waveform dialog, touch the Save To
3. Touch inside the Source field and select a source from the pop-up menu. The source can be any trace; for
example, a channel (C1-C4), math function (F1-F4), or a waveform stored in memory (M1-M4).
4. Touch inside the Trace Title field if you want to change the default name of your waveforms. Use the pop-up
keyboard to type in the new name.
Note: You can change the name but not the sequence number.
CAUTION
• If you use a name that ends in a number instead of a letter, the instrument may truncate the number. This is
because, by design, the first waveform is automatically numbered 0, the second 1, etc. For example, if you
want to use waveform name "XYZ32" but it is not preceded by waveforms XYZ0 through XYZ31, the
waveform will be renumbered with the next available number in the sequence.
• If you need to use a number in your waveform's name, it is recommended that you append an alpha character
at the end of the number : "XYZ32a" for example.
• If you are saving to file, touch the Data Format field and select a format type from the pop-up menu:
or button.
• If you select ASCII or Excel, also touch the SubFormat field and select either Time Data or Time & Ampl.
Then touch the Delimiter field and select a delimiter character from the pop-up menu: comma, space,
semicolon, or tab.
5. Touch the Browse button for the Save file in directory field and browse to the location where you want the
file saved. The file name is assigned automatically and is shown below the field.
6. Touch
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UTO SAVE
A
You can also enable Auto Save from this dialog by touching one of the Auto Save buttons
: Wrap (old files overwritten) or Fill (no files overwritten).
CAUTION
If you select Fill, you can quickly use up all disk space on your hard disk.
Recalling Waveforms
1. In the menu bar, touch File; then touch Recall Waveform... in the drop-down menu.
2. In the Recall Waveform dialog, touch the Recall From
3. If you selected Memory, touch inside the Source field and select a memory location: M1 to M4.
4. If you selected File, touch inside the Destination field and select a memory location in which to store the file.
5. Touch inside the Show only files field and select an area to limit the search to: channels, math functions, or
memory.
6. Touch inside the Recall files from directory field and enter the path, using the pop-up keyboard. Or touch
the Browse button to navigate to the file.
7. Touch inside the Next file will be recalled from field and enter the path, using the pop-up keyboard. Or
touch the Browse button to navigate to the file.
8. Touch
or button.
Disk Utilities
Use the Disk Utilities dialog to delete files or create folders.
Deleting a Single File
1. Touch File in the menu bar, then Disk Utilities... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Delete button
3. Touch inside the Current folder field and use the pop-up keyboard to enter the path to the folder that
contains the file you want to delete. Or touch the Browse button and navigate to the folder.
4. Touch inside the File to be deleted field and use the pop-up keyboard to enter the name of the file. Or touch
the Browse button and navigate to the file.
5. Once you have located the file, touch the Delete File button.
in the Disk Utilities dialog.
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Deleting All Files in a Folder
1. Touch File in the menu bar, then Disk Utilities... in the drop-down menu.
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
2. Touch the Delete button
3. Touch inside the Current folder field and use the pop-up keyboard to enter the path to the folder that
contains the file you want to delete. Or touch the Browse button and navigate to the folder.
4. Once you have located the folder, touch the Empty Folder button.
in the Disk Utilities dialog.
Creating a Folder
1. Touch File in the menu bar, then Disk Utilities... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Create button
3. Touch inside the Current folder field and use the pop-up keyboard to enter the path to the directory you want
to create the folder in, and the name of the folder.
4. Touch the Create Folder button.
in the Disk Utilities dialog.
PRINTING AND FILE MANAGEMENT
Print, Plot, or Copy
The instrument gives you the ability to output files to a printer or plotter, to print to file, or to e-mail your files. Any
Windows 2000 supported printer is supported by your instrument.
Printing
Printer Setup
1. In the menu bar, touch File, then Print Setup... in the drop-down menu. The Utilities Hardcopy dialog opens.
2. In the dialog area, touch the Printer icon
3. Under Colors, touch the Use Print Colors checkbox if you want the traces printed on a white background. A
white background saves printer toner. (You can change the printer colors in the Preference dialog.)
4. Touch inside the Select Printer field. From the touch pad pop-up choose the printer you want to print to.
Touch the Properties button to see your printer setup.
5. Touch the icon for the layout Orientation you want: portrait or landscape.
6. Touch the Grid Area Only checkbox if you do not need to print the dialog area and you only want to show the
waveforms and grids.
Printing
You can print in one of three ways:
1. Press the printer button on the front panel:
2. In the menu bar, touch File, then Print in the drop-down menu.
3. Touch the Print Now button in the Hardcopy dialog
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Adding Printers and Drivers
Note: If you want to add a printer driver, the driver must first be loaded on the oscilloscope.
1. In the menu bar, touch File, then Print Setup... in the drop-down menu. The Utilities Hardcopy dialog opens.
2. In the dialog area, touch the Printer icon
3. Touch the Add Printer button. An MS Windows® window with which to add a printer will open.
4. Touch the Properties button to change printer properties such as number of copies.
Changing the Default Printer
If you want to change the default printer:
1. Minimize the instrument application by touching File in the menu bar, then Minimize in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch the Start button in the task bar at the bottom of the screen.
3. Select Settings Æ Printers.
4. Touch the printer you want to set as the default printer, then touch File, Set as Default Printer.
Managing Files
Use the instrument's utilities to create waveform files on USB memory, internal hard drive or network drives. You
can copy files from your hard drive to floppy disk. You also can give your files custom names and create
directories for them.
Hard Disk Partitions
The instrument's hard disk is partitioned into drive C: and drive D:. Drive C: contains the Windows operating
system and the instrument application software. Drive D: is intended for data files.
100BASE-T ETHERNET CONNECTION
Connecting to a Network
Use the Ethernet connector (item 5 in the rear panel diagram) to connect the instrument to a network.
Communicating over the Network
The instrument uses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) as its addressing protocol. Therefore, there is
no factory set IP address.
File and Printer Sharing over a Network
By default, this feature is disabled. To re-enable network File and Printer Sharing:
1. Minimize the oscilloscope application to reveal the underlying desktop.
2. From the toolbar select Start Æ Control Panel Æ Network Connections Æ Local Area Connection.
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3. Touch the Properties button, and then check the File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks
checkbox.
Windows Setups
If the instrument is to reside within a domain on your LAN, your IS administrator will have to connect the DSO.
G
UIDELINES FOR WORKING IN WINDOWS
Although the instrument has an open architecture, avoid modifying the Windows operating system, since this may
cause problems for the instrument's user interface. Please follow these recommendations:
• Do not load any version of Windows not provided by LeCroy. If you load any Windows 2000 service packs
from Microsoft, please be advised that LeCroy cannot guarantee trouble-free operation afterwards.
• Avoid modifying Control Panel settings.
• Do not change the color resolution (24 bit) or screen size (800 x 600 pixel) settings.
• After you load third-party software applications, if your oscilloscope does not work properly try reloading the
instrument software from the CD shipped with the oscilloscope.
• Do not modify or remove any system fonts; doing so may affect the readability of the dialogs.
• Do not change any display properties like Background, Appearance, Effects, or Settings. Functionality of the
oscilloscope or screen saver may be affected.
• Do not make any changes to the Windows folder.
• Do not make any changes to the BIOS settings.
• Do not make any changes to the Windows power management system.
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Windows Repair Disk
Before you install any hardware or software on your instrument, LeCroy strongly recommends that you create an
Emergency Repair Disk. During a system rebuild, the repair process relies on information that is saved in the
systemroot\repair folder. You must not change or delete this folder.
You only need a blank 1.44 MB floppy disk to create an Emergency Repair Disk (ERD).
T
O CREATE AN EMERGENCY REPAIR DISK
1. In the task bar at the bottom of the screen, touch Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Backup.
2. In the "Tools" menu, touch Emergency Repair Disk.
3. Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
TRACK VIEWS
Creating and Viewing a Trend
1. In the menu bar, touch Measure, then Measure Setup in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch one of parameter tabs P1 through Px.
3. Touch inside the Source1 field and select an input waveform from the pop-up menu.
4. Touch inside the Measure field and select a parameter from the pop-up menu.
5. Touch the Trend button
menu, select a math function location (F1 to Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software
options loaded on your oscilloscope. See specifications.) to store the Trend display. The Trend will be
displayed along with the trace label
selected.
6. Touch the newly-displayed Trend math function trace label if you want to change any settings in the Trend
dialog:
at the bottom of the dialog; then, from the Math selection for Trend
Example Trend Trace Label for the math function you
Creating a Track View
1. This feature is available in the XMAP option.
2. In the menu bar, touch Measure, then Measure Setup in the drop-down menu.
3. Touch one of parameter tabs P1 through Px.
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4. Touch inside the Source1 field and select an input waveform from the pop-up menu.
5. Touch inside the Measure field and select a parameter from the pop-up menu.
6. Touch the Track button
menu, select a math function location (F1 to Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software
options loaded on your oscilloscope. See specifications.) to store the Track display. The Track will be
displayed along with the trace label
selected.
7. Touch the newly displayed Track math function trace label if you want to change any settings in the Track
dialog:
at the bottom of the dialog; then, from the Math selection for Track
Example Track Trace Label for the math function you
HISTOGRAMS
Creating and Viewing a Histogram
Note: The number of sweeps comprising the histogram will be displayed in the bottom line of the trace
descriptor label:
Single Parameter Histogram Setup
FROM MEASURE DIALOG
1. In the menu bar, touch Measure, then Measure Setup.
2. Touch the My Measure button.
3. Touch one of tabs P1 through Px.
4. Touch inside the Source1 field and select an input waveform from the pop-up menu.
5. Touch inside the Measure field and select a parameter from the pop-up menu.
6. Touch the Histogram button at the bottom of the dialog.
7. Touch a math trace in which to place the resulting histogram, then close the pop-up menu.
8. Touch the math trace label for the math trace you just created.
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9. In the dialog to the right, touch the Histogram tab.
10. Under "Buffer," touch inside the #Values field and enter a value.
11. Under "Scaling," touch inside the #Bins field and enter a value from 20 to 2000.
12. Touch the Find Center and Width button to center the histogram. Or touch inside the Center, then the Width,
fields and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keypad.
F
ROM MATH DIALOG
1. In the menu bar, touch Math, then Math Setup.
2. Touch one of function tabs F1 through Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software
options loaded on your oscilloscope. See specifications..
3. Touch the Graph button
4. Touch inside the Source1 field and select a source from the pop-up menu.
5. Touch inside the Measurement field and select a parameter from the pop-up menu.
6. Touch inside the Graph with field and select Histogram from the pop-up menu.
7. In the dialog to the right, touch the Histogram tab.
8. Under "Buffer," touch inside the #Values field and enter a value from 20 to 1000.
9. Under "Scaling," touch inside the #Bins field and enter a value from 20 to 2000.
10. Touch the Find Center and Width button to center the histogram. Or touch inside the Center, then the
Width, fields and enter a value using the pop-up numeric keypad.
11. Touch inside the Vertical Scale field and select Linear or Linear Constant Max from the pop-up menu:
.
.
Viewing Thumbnail Histograms
Histicons are miniature histograms of parameter measurements that appear below the grid. These thumbnail
histograms let you see at a glance the statistical distribution of each parameter.
In the menu bar, touch Measure, then one of the Measure Mode buttons: Std Vertical, Std Horizontal, or My
Measure.
Touch the Histicons checkbox to display thumbnail histograms below the selected parameters.
Note: For measurements set up in My Measure, you can quickly display an enlarged histogram of a thumbnail
histogram by touching the Histicon you want to enlarge. The enlar ged histogram will appear superimposed on
the trace it describes. This does not apply to "Std Vertical" or "St d Horizontal" measurements.
Persistence Histogram
You can create a histogram of a persistence display also by cutting a horizontal or vertical slice throug h the
waveform. You also decide the width of the slice and its horizontal or vertical placement on the waveform.
This math operation is different than the "Histogram" math operation and is not affected by Center and Width
settings made there.
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PERSISTENCE HISTOGRAM SETUP
1. In the menu bar, touch Math, then Math Setup.
2. Touch one of function tabs F1 through Fx The number of math traces available depends on the software
options loaded on your oscilloscope. See specifications..
3. Touch inside the Source1 field and select a source from the pop-up menu.
4. Touch inside the Operator1 field and select Phistogram
from the Select Math Operator menu.
5. Touch the Phistogram tab, then touch inside the Slice Direction field and select Horizontal or Vertical slice
from the pop-up menu.
6. Touch inside the Slice Center field and enter a value, using the pop-up keypad.
7. Touch inside the Slice Width field and enter a value, using the pop-up keypad.
Note: You can use the front panel Adjust knobs to move the Slice Center line and the Slice Width bound ary
lines.
Persistence Trace Range
This math operation has a field where you can enter the percent of the persistence trace population to use in
creating a new waveform.
Persistence Sigma
This math operation has a field where you can enter a scale, measured in standard deviations, by which to create
a new waveform.
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Histogram Parameters
fwhm FullWidthatHalfMaximum
Definition:
Description:
Example:
Determines the width of the largest area peak, measured between bins on either side of the
highest bin in the peak that have a population of half the highest's population. If several peaks
have an area equal to the maximum population, the leftmost peak is used in the computation.
First, the highest population peak is identified and the height of its highest bin (population)
determined (for a discussion on how peaks are determined see the pks parameter Description:).
Next, the populations of bins to the right and left are found, until a bin on each side is found to
have a population of less than 50% of that of the highest bin's. A line is calculated on each side,
from the center point of the first bin below the 50% population to that of the adjacent bin, towards
the highest bin. The intersection points of these lines with the 50% height value is then
determined. The length of a line connecting the intersection points is the value for fwhm.
fwxx FullWidthatxx%Maximum
Definition:
Description:
Example:
Determines the width of the largest area peak, measured between bins on either side of the
highest bin in the peak that have a population of xx% of the highest's population. If several peaks
have an area equal to the maximum population, the leftmost peak is used in the computation.
First, the highest population peak is identified and the height of its highest bin (population)
determined (see the pks description). Next, the bin populations to the right and left are found until
a bin on each side is found to have a population of less than xx% of that of the highest bin. A line
is calculated on each side, from the center point of the first bin below the 50% population to that
of the adjacent bin, towards the highest bin. The intersection points of these lines with the xx%
height value is then determined. The length of a line connecting the intersection points is the
value for fwxx.
fwxx with threshold set to 35%:
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histampl HistogramAmplitude
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
Definition:
Description:
Example:
The difference in value of the two most populated peaks in a histogram. This parameter is useful
for waveforms with two primary parameter values, such as TTL voltages, where hampl would
indicate the difference between the binary `1' and `0' voltage values.
The values at the center (line dividing the population of peak in half) of the two highest peaks are
determined (see pks parameter description:). The value of the leftmost of the two peaks is the
histogram base (see hbase). While that of the rightmost is the histogram top (see htop). The
parameter is then calculated as:
hampl = htop hbase
In this histogram, hampl is 152 mV 150 mV = 2 mV.
hbase HistogramBase
Definition:
Description:
Example:
The value of the leftmost of the two most populated peaks in a histogram. This parameter is
primarily useful for waveforms with two primary parameter values such as TTL voltages where
hbase would indicate the binary `0' voltage value.
The two highest histogram peaks are determined. If several peaks are of equal height the
leftmost peak among these is used (see pks). Then the leftmost of the two identified peaks is
selected. This peak's center value (the line that divides the population of the peak in half) is the
hbase.
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histmaxp HistogramMaximumPopulation
Definition:
Description:
Example:
The count (vertical value) of the highest population bin in a histogram.
Each bin between the parameter cursors is examined for its count. The highest count is returned
as maxp.
Here, maxp is 14.
histmode HistogramMode
Definition:
Description:
Example:
The value of the highest population bin in a histogram.
Each bin between the parameter cursors is examined for its popul ation count. The leftmost bin
with the highest count found is selected. Its center value is returned as mode.
Here, mode is 150 mV.
histrange HistogramRange
Definition:
Description:
Example:
Computes the difference between the value of the rightmost and that of the leftmost populated
bin.
The rightmost and leftmost populated bins are identified. The difference in value between the two
is returned as the range.
In this example, range is 2 mV.
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histrms HistogramRootMeanSquare
OPERATOR’S MANUAL
Definition:
Description:
Example:
The rms value of the values in a histogram.
The center value of each populated bin is squared and multiplied by the population (height) of
the bin. All results are summed and the total is divided by the population of all the bins. The
square root of the result is returned as hrms.
Using the histogram shown here, the value for hrms is:
hrms = = 2.87
histtop HistogramTop
Definition:
Description:
Example:
The value of the rightmost of the two most populated peaks in a histogram. This parameter is
useful for waveforms with two primary parameter values, such as TTL voltages, where htop
would indicate the binary `1' voltage value.
The two highest histogram peaks are determined. The rightmost of the two identified peaks i s
then selected. The center of that peak is htop (center is the horizontal point where the population
to the left is equal to the area to the right).
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pctl Percentile
Definition:
Description:
Example:
Computes the horizontal data value that separates the data in a histogram such that the
population on the left is a specified percentage `xx' of the total population. When the threshold is
set to 50%, pctl is the same as hmedian.
The total population of the histogram is determined. Scanning from left to right, the population of
each bin is summed until a bin that causes the sum to equal or exceed `xx'% of the population
value is encountered. A ratio of the number of counts needed for `xx'% population/total bin
population is then determined for the bin. The horizontal value of the bin at that ratio point of its
range is found, and returned as pctl.
The total population of a histogram is 100. The histogram range is divided into 20 bins and `xx' is
set to 25%. The population sum at the sixth bin from the left is 22. The population of the seventh
is 9 and its sub-range is 6.1 to 6.4 V. The ratio of counts needed for 25% population to total bin
population is:
• 3 counts needed / 9 counts = 1/3.
The value for pctl is:
• 6.1 volts + .33 * (6.4 6.1) volts = 6.2 volts.
pks Peaks
Definition:
Description:
The number of peaks in a histogram.
The instrument analyzes histogram data to identify peaks from background noise and histogram
binning artifacts such as small gaps.
Peak identification is a 3-step process:
1. The mean height of the histogram is calculated for all populated bins. A threshold (T1) is
calculated from this mean, where:
T1= mean + 2 sqrt (mean).
2. A second threshold is determined based on all populated bins under T1 in height, where:
T2 = mean + 2 * sigma, and where sigma is the standard deviation of all populat ed bins
under T1.
3. Once T2 is defined, the histogram distribution is scanned from left to right. Any bin that
crosses above T2 signifies the existence of a peak. Scanning continues to the right until one
bin or more crosses below T2. However, if the bins cross below T2 for less than a hundredth
of the histogram range, they are ignored, and scanning continues in search of peaks that
cross under T2 for more than a hundredth of the histogram range. Scanning goes on over
the remainder of the range to identify additional peaks. Additional peaks within a fiftieth of the
range of the populated part of a bin from a previous peak are ignored.
Note: If the number of bins is set too high, a histogram may have many small gaps. This
increases sigma and, thereby, T2. In extreme cases, it can prevent determination of a peak,
even if one appears to be present to the eye.
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Example:
Here the two peaks have been identified. The peak with the highest population is peak #1.
totp TotalPopulation
Definition:
Description:
Example:
Calculates the total population of a histogram between the parameter cursors.
The count for all populated bins between the parameter cursors is summed.
The total population of this histogram is 9.
xapk XCoordinateofxxthPeak
Definition:
Description:
Example:
Returns the value of the xx
First the peaks in a histogram are determined and ranked in order of total area (for a discussion
on how peaks are identified see the description for the pks parameter). The center of the n
ranked peak (the point where the area to the left is equal to the area to the right), where n is
selected by you, is then returned as xapk.
The rightmost peak is the largest, and is thus ranked first in area (1). The leftmost peak, although
higher, is ranked second in area (2). The lowest peak is also the smallest in area (3).
th
peak that is the largest by area in a histogram.
th
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Histogram Theory of Operation
An understanding of statistical variations in parameter values is needed for many waveform parameter
measurements. Knowledge of the average, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of the parameter may
often be enough, but in many cases you may need a more detailed understanding of the distribution of a
parameter's values.
Histograms allow you to see how a parameter's values are distributed over many measuremen ts. They do this by
dividing a range of parameter values into sub-ranges called bins. A count of the number of parameter values
(events) that fall within ranges of the bin itself is maintained for each bin.
While such a value range can be infinite, for practical purposes it need only be defined as large enough to include
any realistically possible parameter value. For example, in measuring TTL high-v oltage values a range of ±50 V is
unnecessarily large, whereas one of 4 V ±2.5 V is more reasonable. It is the 5 V range that is then subdivided into
bins. And if the number of bins used were 50, each would have a range of 5 V/50 bins or 0.1 V/bin. Events falling
into the first bin would then be between 1.5 V and 1.6 V. While the next bin would capture all events between 1.6
V and 1.7 V, and so on.
After a process of several thousand events, the bar graph of the count for each bin (its histogram) provides a
good understanding of the distribution of values. Histograms generally use the 'x' axis to show a bin's sub-range
value, and the 'Y' axis for the count of parameter values within each bin. The leftmost bin with a non-zero count
shows the lowest parameter value measurements. The vertically highest bin shows the greatest number of events
falling within its sub-range.
The number of events in a bin, peak or a histogram is referred to as its population. The following figure shows a
histogram's highest population bin as the one with a sub-range of 4.3 to 4.4 V (which is to be expected of a TTL
signal).
The lowest-value bin with events is that with a sub-range of 3.0 to 3.1 V. As TTL high voltages need to be greater
than 2.5 V, the lowest bin is within the allowable tolerance. However, because of its proximity to this tolerance and
the degree of the bin's separation from all other values, additional investigation may be required.
DSO Process
The instrument generates histograms of the parameter values of input waveforms. But first, you must define the
following:
• The parameter to be histogrammed
• The trace on which the histogram is to be displayed
• The maximum number of parameter measurement values to be used in creating the histogram
• The measurement range of the histogram
• The number of bins to be used
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Some of these are pre-defined but can be changed. Once they are defined, the oscilloscope is ready to make the
histogram. The sequence for acquiring histogram data is as follo ws:
1. Trigger
2. Waveform acquisition
3. Parameter calculations
4. Histogram update
5. Trigger re-arm
If you set the timebase for non-segmented mode, a single acquisition occurs prior to parameter calculations.
However, in Sequence mode an acquisition for each segment occurs prior to parameter calculations. If the source
of histogram data is a memory, saving new data to memory effectively acts as a trigger and acquisition. Because
updating the screen can take much processing time, it occurs only once a second, minimizing trigger dead time.
Under remote control the display can be turned off to maximize measurement speed.
Parameter Buffer
The oscilloscope maintains a circular parameter buffer of the last 20,000 mea surements made, including values
that fall outside the set histogram range. If the maximum number of events to be used for the histogram is a
number `N' less than 20,000, the histogram will be continuously updated with the last `N' events as new
acquisitions occur. If the maximum number is greater than 20,000, the histogram will be updated until the number
of events is equal to `N.' Then, if the number of bins or the histogram range is modified, the oscilloscope will use
the parameter buffer values to redraw the histogram with either the last `N' or 20,000 values acquired - whichever
is the lesser. The parameter buffer thereby allows histograms to be redisplayed, using an acquired set of values
and settings that produce a distribution shape with the most useful information.
In many cases the optimal range is not readily apparent. So the oscilloscope has a powerful range finding
function. If required it will examine the values in the parameter buffer to calculate an optimal range and redisplay
the histogram using it. The instrument will also give a running count of the number of parameter values that fall
within, below, or above the range. If any values fall below or above the range, the range finder can then
recalculate to include these parameter values, as long as they are still within the buffer.
Capture of Parameter Events
The number of events captured per waveform acquisition or display sweep depends on the parameter type.
Acquisitions are initiated by the occurrence of a trigger event. Sweeps a re e quivalent to the waveform captured
and displayed on an input channel (1, 2, or 3 or 4). For non-segmented waveforms an acquisit ion is identical to a
sweep. Whereas for segmented waveforms an acquisition occurs for each segment and a sweep is equival ent to
acquisitions for all segments. Only the section of a waveform between the parameter cursors is used in the
calculation of parameter values and corresponding histogram events.
The following table provides a summary of the number of histogram events captured per a cquisition or sweep for
each parameter, and for a waveform section between the parameter cursors.
Parameters Number of Events Captured
duty, freq, period, width, time@lev, f@level, f80-20%,
fall, r@level, r20-80%, rise
ampl, area, base, cmean, cmedian, crms, csdev, cycles,
delay, maximum, mean, minimum, nbph, nbpw, over+,
over-, pkpk, npts, rms, sdev, dly
All events in the acquisition
One event per acquisition
Histogram Parameters (XMAP and JTA2 Options)
Once a histogram is defined and generated, measurements can be performed on the histogram itself. Typical of
these are the histogram's average value, standard deviation most common value (parameter value of highest
count bin) leftmost bin position (representing the lowest measured waveform parameter value) rightmost bi n
(representing the highest measured waveform parameter value).
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Histogram parameters are provided to enable these measurements. Available through select ing Statistics from
the Category menu, they are calculated for the selected section between the p arameter cursors:
• fwhm - full width (of largest peak) at half the maximum bin
• fwxx - full width (of largest peak) at xx% the maximum bin
• hist ampl - histogram amplitude between two largest peaks
• hist base - histogram base or leftmost of two largest peaks
• hist max - value of the highest (right-most) populated bin in a histogram
• hist mean - average or mean value of data in the histogram
• hist median - value of the x-axis of a histogram that divides the population into two equal halves
• hist min - value of the lowest (left-most) populated bin in a histogram
• hist rms - rms value of data in histogram
• hist sdev - standard deviation of values in a histogram
• hist top - histogram top or rightmost of two largest peaks
• max populate - population of most populated bin in histogram
• mode - data value of most populated bin in histogram
• percentile - data value in histogram for which specified `x'% of population is smaller
• peaks - number of peaks in histogram
• pop @ x - population of bin for specified horizontal coordinate
• range - difference between highest and lowest data values
• total pop - total population in histogram
• x at peak - x-axis position of specified largest peak
Histogram Peaks
Because the shape of histogram distributions is particularly interesting, additional parameter mea su reme nts are
available for analyzing these distributions. They are generally centered on one of several peak value bins, known,
with its associated bins, as a histogram peak.
Example: In the following figure, a histogram of the voltage value of a five-volt amplitude square wave is centered
around two peak value bins: 0 V and 5 V. The adjacent bins signify variation due to noise. The graph of the
centered bins shows both as peaks.
Determining such peaks is very useful because they indicate dominant values of a signal.
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However, signal noise and the use of a high number of bins relative to the number of parameter values acquired,
can give a jagged and spiky histogram, making meaningful peaks hard to distinguish. The oscilloscope analyzes
histogram data to identify peaks from background noise and histogram definition artifacts such as small gaps,
which are due to very narrow bins.
Binning and Measurement Accuracy
Histogram bins represent a sub-range of waveform parameter values, or events. The events represented by a bin
may have a value anywhere within its sub-range. However, parameter measurements of the histogram itself, such
as average, assume that all events in a bin have a single value. The oscilloscope uses the center value of each
bin's sub-range in all its calculations. The greater the number of bins used to subdivide a histogram's range, the
less the potential deviation between actual event values and those values assumed in histogram param eter
calculations.
Nevertheless, using more bins may require that you perform a greater number of waveform parameter
measurements, in order to populate the bins sufficiently for the identification of a characteristic histogram
distribution.
In addition, very fine grained binning will result in gaps between populated bins that may make it difficult to
determine peaks.
The oscilloscope's 20,000-parameter buffer is very effective for determining the optimal number of bins to be
used. An optimal bin number is one where the change in parameter values is insignificant, and the histogram
distribution does not have a jagged appearance. With this buffer, a histogram can be dynamically redisplayed as
the number of bins is modified by the user. In addition, depending on the number of bins selected, the change in
waveform parameter values can be seen.
WAVEFORM MEASUREMENTS
Measuring with Cursors
Cursors are important tools that aid you in measuring signal values. Cursors are markers — lines, cross-hai rs, or
arrows — that you can move around the grid or the waveform itself. Use cursors to make fast, accurate
measurements and to eliminate guesswork. There are two basic types:
1. Horiz(ontal) (generally Time or Frequency) cursors are markers that you move horizontally along the
waveform. Place them at a desired location along the time axis to read the signal’s amplitude at the selected
time.
2. Vert(ical) (Voltage) cursors are lines that you move vertically on the grid to measure the amplitude of a
signal.
Cursor Measurement Icons
The Readout icons depict what is being measured for each measurement mode.
Each cursor locates a point on the waveform. The cursor values can be read in the descriptor label for
the trace. Use the Position data entry fields at the right side of the dialog to place the cursors precisely.
This is the difference in Y values. The value can be read in the descriptor label for the trace.
Displays absolute and delta cursors together.
This gives the slope between cursors.
If there are non-time-domain waveforms displayed, there will also be a menu offering choices of x-axis units: s or
Hz, for example.
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Cursors Setup
Quick Display
At any time, you can change the display of cursor types (or turn them off) without invoking the Cursors Setup
dialog as follows:
1. In the menu bar, touch Cursors, then Off, Abs Horizontal, Rel Horizontal, Abs Vertical, or Rel Vertical.
2. The cursors displayed will assume the positions previously set up. If you want to change their position or
measurement mode, in the menu bar touch Cursors, then Cursors Setup in the drop-down menu.
Full Setup
1. In the menu bar, touch Cursors, then Cursors Setup. The Standard Cursors dialog opens.
2. In the dialog area, touch the Cursors On check box to display them.
3. Touch one of the Horizontal or Vertical mode buttons: Relative or Absolute.
4. If you chose a Relative mode, also touch a readout parameter button: Y position, delta Y, or slope.
5. If you chose a Relative mode, touch inside the Position 1 and Position 2 fields and type in a value for each
cursor. You can also use the Cursors knobs on the front panel to place the cursors. If you chose an Absolute
mode, do the same for your single cursor.
6. If you chose a Relative mode and you would like both cursors to move in unison as you adjust the position,
touch the Track check box to enable tracking.
Overview of Parameters
Parameters are measurement tools that determine a wide range of waveform properties. Use them to
automatically calculate many attributes of your waveform, like rise-time, rms voltage, and peak-to-peak voltage,
for example.
There are parameter modes for the amplitude and time domains, custom parameter groups, and parameters for
pass and fail testing. You can make common measurements on one or more waveforms.
Turning On Parameters
1. Touch Measure in the menu bar, then Measure Setup... in the drop-down menu.
2. Touch inside the On checkbox for each parameter you want to display.
Quick Access to Parameter Setup Dialogs
You can quickly gain access to a parameter setup dialog by touching the parameter list box b elow the grid. For
example, touching within P1 below the grid
displays the setup dialog for P1:
Touching the row titles displays the top Measure dialog.
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