LeCroy Waverunner-2 User Manual

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LeCroy Corporation

700 Chestnut Ridge Road Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977-6499 Tel: (845) 578-6020, Fax: (845) 578-5985

Internet: General Information: http://www.lecroy.com Software Utilities: http://www.lecroy.com/software

LeCroy, ProBus and SMART Trigger are registered trademarks, and ActiveDSO, ScopeExplor er, WaveAnalyzer and Waverunner are trademarks, of LeCroy Corporation. Centronics is a registered trademark of Data Computer Corp. Epson is a registered trademark of Epson America Inc. Mathcad is a registered trademark of MATHSOFT Inc. MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. Microsoft, MS and Microsoft Access are registered trademarks, and Windows and NT trademarks, of Microsoft Corporation. PowerPC is a registered trademark of IBM Microelectronics. DeskJet, ThinkJet, QuietJet, LaserJet, PaintJet, HP 7470 and HP 7550 are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company.

Manufactured under an ISO 9000 Registered Quality Management System

Visit

www.lecroy.com to view the

certificate.

This electronic product is subject to disposal and recycling regulations that vary by country and region. Many countries prohibit the disposal of waste electronic equipment in standard waste receptacles.

For more information about proper disposal and recycling of your LeCroy product, please visit www.lecroy.com/recycle.

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INTRODUCTION

Waver un ner-2Features… ................................................................................................................ 1

W A VE PILOT MENU ..............................................................................................................................................1

QUICK ZOOM.........................................................................................................................................................4

W A VE PILOT MENU GRAPH BUTTON .........................................................................................................5

WaveformHistory…........................................................................................................................8

DISPLAY SIGNAL CHANGES OVER TIME .................................................................................................8

About This Manual.........................................................................................................................12

FIRST T H INGS

WhenYourWaver un ner-2isDelivered….......................................................................................15

CHECK THAT YOU HAVE E VERYTHING................................................................................................15

BE SURE TO READ THIS WARRANTY.......................................................................................................15

TAKE ADVANTAGE OF MAINTENANCE AGREE ME NTS ................................................................16

OBTAIN ASSISTANCE .......................................................................................................................................16

RETURN A PRODUCT FOR SE RVICE OR REPAIR ................................................................................16

STAY UP-TO-DATE .............................................................................................................................................16

Install a tionforSaf eand Efficient Op e ratio n

SAFETY SYMBOLS ..............................................................................................................................................18

OPERATE IN A SAFE ENVIRONME NT .....................................................................................................19

AC POWER SOURCE...........................................................................................................................................20

POWE R AND GROUND CONNECTIONS.................................................................................................20

ON/ STANDBY SWITCH....................................................................................................................................20

POWE R OFF STATE ............................................................................................................................................20

CALIBRATION ......................................................................................................................................................21

CL EANING.............................................................................................................................................................21

ABNORMAL CONDITIONS.............................................................................................................................21

Upan dRunning............................................................................................................................ 22

GET TO KNOW YOUR W A VE RUNNER-2 – FRONT PANE L ..............................................................22

INSTALL AND POWER UP...............................................................................................................................22

GET TO KNOW YOUR W A VE RUNNER-2 – BACK PANEL .................................................................23

INITIAL IZE ............................................................................................................................................................25

CHECK YOUR WAVERUNNER-2 SYSTEM ................................................................................................25

ADD AN OPTION................................................................................................................................................26

UPDATE TO THE L ATEST FIRMWARE ......................................................................................................26

SAVE THE SCREEN (AND ENE RGY)..........................................................................................................26

DO YOU PREFE R YOUR CONTROLS WITH SOUND AND AUTO-REPE AT?.............................27

........................................................................................................1

..........................................................................................................15

.....................................................................18

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CHAPTER ONE:

ViewY ourWaveform......................................................................................................................31

USE TIME/ DIV TO ADJUST THE TIMEBASE .........................................................................................33

ADJUST SENSITIVITY AND POSITION.....................................................................................................34

ZOOM AND SCROLL AUTOMATICALLY ................................................................................................. 34

USE THE POSITION AND ZOOM CONTROLS ......................................................................................36

SET UP THE TIMEBASE ...................................................................................................................................37

SET THE COUPL ING .........................................................................................................................................38

SET UP FOR CAL AND BNC SIGNAL S.......................................................................................................39

CHAPTER TWO:

Edge Tri gge ro nSimple Signals.....................................................................................................43

CONTROL TRIGGERING ................................................................................................................................43

SET UP AN EDGE TRIGGER .........................................................................................................................44

USE WINDOW TRIGGER................................................................................................................................. 47

TRIGGER SOURCE .............................................................................................................................................48

OBTAIN A TRIGGER STATUS SUMMARY ................................................................................................49

CHAPTER THREE:

DisplayPer siste nce........................................................................................................................51

VIE W SIGNAL CHANGES OVER TIME .....................................................................................................51

SET UP YOUR DISPL AY....................................................................................................................................52

SET UP FOR PERSISTENCE ............................................................................................................................53

SET UP FOR PERSISTENCE AND HISTORY USING ANALOG PERSIST BUTTON .................54

SET UP FOR HISTORY...................................................................................................................................... 56

CHOOSE A GRID STYL E .................................................................................................................................58

Save and RecallYourPanelSet ups.................................................................................................60

SAVE PANEL SE TUPS ........................................................................................................................................60

RECALL PANEL SETUPS..................................................................................................................................61

CATCH A NEW WAVE

SIMPLY T RIGGER

..................................................................... 4 2

DISPLAY YOUR SIGNAL

............................................................... 3 0

D.............................29

...................................................... 5 0

CH APTER FO UR:

Cursors: To olsforMeasuring Signa lVal ues...................................................................................63

CURSORS AND PERSISTENCE...................................................................................................................... 63

CURSORS IN XY DISPLAY...............................................................................................................................64

W A VE PILOT........................................................................................................................................................... 65

Me a sure w ithCursors....................................................................................................................67

CONTROL THE TIME CURSORS ..................................................................................................................67

CONTROL THE AMPLITUDE CURSORS...................................................................................................68

Me a sure Auto matically withParam eters........................................................................................72

CHOOSE A STANDARD PARAMETER ....................................................................................................... 73

TURN OFF CURSORS AND PARAMETERS...............................................................................................74

CHOOSE A M EASURE T OOL

................................................ 6 2

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CH APTER FI V E:

Make MathEasy............................................................................................................................ 77

SET UP TO DO WA VE FORM MATHEMATICS .........................................................................................78

USE A MATH TOOL ............................................................................................................................................79

PE RFORM AN FFT OPERATION ..................................................................................................................80

DO SUMMED AVERAGING ............................................................................................................................83

Save and RecallWavefo rms ........................................................................................................... 8 5

OBTAIN A WA VEFORM OR MEMORY STATUS REPORT...................................................................87

CHAPTER SIX:

Make a Hard Copy......................................................................................................................... 89

PRINT, PLOT, OR COPY....................................................................................................................................90

Manage Fl oppyorCard Fil es.........................................................................................................91

CUSTOMIZE FILE NAMES ..............................................................................................................................92

ADD A NE W DIRE CTORY...............................................................................................................................93

COPY FILES ...........................................................................................................................................................94

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CHAPTER SEVEN:

Choo se a Sampli ng Mode.............................................................................................................101

SINGLE-SHOT – W AVERUN NER-2’S BASIC CAPTURE TECHNIQUE .........................................101

RIS – FOR HIGHER SAMPL E RATES .........................................................................................................102

ROLL – DISPLAY IN REAL-TIME ................................................................................................................102

SEQUENCE – WORKING WITH SE GMENTS ........................................................................................103

PAIRING CHANNEL S ......................................................................................................................................104

Usea Sampling Mode...................................................................................................................105

SET UP FOR SINGLE -SHOT OR RIS ..........................................................................................................105

SET UP FOR SEQUENCE CAPTURE ..........................................................................................................106

OBTAIN A SE QUE NCE STATUS SUMMARY...........................................................................................107

OR SAMPL E EXTERNALLY...........................................................................................................................108

USE M ATH TOOLS

....................................................................76

DOCUMEN T YOURWORK

A QUESTION OF T IMEBASE

.........................................................88

R.............................. 9 9

............................................. 100

CHAPTER EIGHT:

Ho ld Off byTimeorEvents........................................................................................................ 111

HOLD OFF BY TIME........................................................................................................................................111

HOLD OFF BY E VE NTS .................................................................................................................................112

TriggerSMART ............................................................................................................................113

CATCH A GLITCH.............................................................................................................................................113

CAPTURE RARE PHENOMENA ..................................................................................................................117

TRIGGER ON INTERVALS ............................................................................................................................120

QUALIFY A SIGNAL .........................................................................................................................................124

TRIGGER ON L OST SIGNALS .....................................................................................................................127

TRIGGER ON TV SIGNAL S...........................................................................................................................130

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TRI GGER SMART

..................................................................110

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PATTERN TRIGGER ........................................................................................................................................132

RUNT TRIGGER ................................................................................................................................................135

SL EW RATE TRIGGER ....................................................................................................................................136

CH APTER NINE :

Tra nsformYo urVisi on................................................................................................................. 139

“Paint ” YourDisp lay....................................................................................................................142

CHANGE YOUR PAL ETTE ............................................................................................................................143

Set Up XY Displa y........................................................................................................................146

CHAPTER TEN:

Comp ute Ex t rema Wavefor ms..................................................................................................... 151

Rescale and AssignUnits............................................................................................................. 153

En hanceResolution.....................................................................................................................154

Do Mor ewit hFFT ....................................................................................................................... 158

DO FFT AVERAGE ............................................................................................................................................158

DO ADDITIONAL PROCESSING ...............................................................................................................158

USE CURSORS WITH FFT ..............................................................................................................................158

SET FFT SPAN.....................................................................................................................................................161

UseanAdvance dMathFunction.................................................................................................163

Resamp le toDeskew....................................................................................................................164

Plo tTr en ds...................................................................................................................................165

READ TRENDS...................................................................................................................................................167

CH APTER ELEVEN:

UseCus t omPar a met ers............................................................................................................... 171

CUSTOMIZE A PARAME TE R .......................................................................................................................172

Test forPass and Fail................................................................................................................... 173

SET UP A PASS/ FAIL TEST ............................................................................................................................173

PASS/ FAIL TEST ON A MASK ......................................................................................................................174

MAKE A WAVEFORM MASK ........................................................................................................................175

CHANGE A TEST ACTION............................................................................................................................175

Choo se a Par ameter...................................................................................................................... 179

DISPLAYMORE

......................................................................138

USE ADVAN CED MAT H T OOL S

ANALYZE WITH PARAMETERS

............................................150

.....................................170

CH APTER TWEL V E:

Tra nsferData an dImages to PC..................................................................................................189

EXPLORE YOUR SCOPE ................................................................................................................................190

MONITOR YOUR REMOTE CONTROL OPERATIONS.....................................................................191

Save Waveforms inASCII............................................................................................................. 192

SAVE IN AN ASCII FORMAT.........................................................................................................................193

UseASCII Fo rmats...................................................................................................................... 195

SAVE TO SPREADSHEET...............................................................................................................................195

PL OT A WA VEFORM IN SPREADSHEET ................................................................................................198

USE MATHCAD..................................................................................................................................................199

USE WAVERUNNER-2WITH PC

....................................188

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USE MATLAB.......................................................................................................................................................201

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CH APTER TH I RTEEN:

A Val uable Tool for Wavef or mAn aly s is........................................................................................205

SET UP FOR HISTOGRAMS...........................................................................................................................205

PARAMETER MATH .........................................................................................................................................211

CH APTER FO URT EEN:

Create and Viewa Histogr am.......................................................................................................217

SETTING BINNING AND SCAL E ...............................................................................................................223

CHOOSING HISTOGRAM PARAMETERS ...............................................................................................226

USING MEASURE ME NT CURSORS ...........................................................................................................227

ZOOMING SEGMENTED TRACES............................................................................................................229

CHAPTER FIFTEEN:

Theo ryof Opera tion....................................................................................................................231

DSO PROCESS.....................................................................................................................................................232

PARAMETER BUFFER .....................................................................................................................................232

CAPTURE OF PARAMETER EVENTS .......................................................................................................233

HISTOGRAM PARAMETE RS .........................................................................................................................233

ZOOM TRACES AND SEGMENTE D WA VEFORMS ............................................................................234

HISTOGRAM PEAKS........................................................................................................................................234

BINNING AND MEASUREMENT ACCURACY......................................................................................235

CHAPTER SIXTE EN:

avg ................................................................................................................................................23 7

fwhm.............................................................................................................................................238

fwxx..............................................................................................................................................239

ham pl............................................................................................................................................240

Hbase ...........................................................................................................................................2 41

high...............................................................................................................................................242

hmedian........................................................................................................................................24 3

hrms..............................................................................................................................................244

htop ........................................................................................................................... ....................24 5

low................................................................................................................................................246

m ax p.............................................................................................................................................247

m ode.............................................................................................................................................248

p c t l................................................................................................................................................249

p ks ................................................................................................................................................250

range.............................................................................................................................................252

sigma ............................................................................................................................................253

to t p................................................................................................................................................254

xap k..............................................................................................................................................25 5

PARAME T ERS AND OVE RVIEW

MAKING H ISTOGRAMS

HOW HISTOGRAMS WORK

HISTOGRAM PARAMETERS

N ................................2 03

...............................204

............................................. 2 17

........................................... 2 31

.........................................237

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CHAPTER SEVENTEEN:

Introduction.................................................................................................................................259

IMPLEMENTATION STANDARD ..............................................................................................................259

CONNECTIONS................................................................................................................................................ 259

ScopeExplorer.......................................................................................................................................................260

ActiveDSO.............................................................................................................................................................261

EXAMPLE SYNTAX .........................................................................................................................................262

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN:

Connecti ng th eWaverunner-2toits Host....................................................................................265

SCOPE REAR PANEL ......................................................................................................................................265

PC REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................................................266

ETHERNET CONNECTION ........................................................................................................................ 266

CONFI G URING THE WAVERUNNE R-2T O COMMUN I CAT E WITH A PC CON NE CTED

TO THE NETWORK ........................................................................................................................................ 267

CONFIGURING A PC THAT IS NOT CONNECTED TO THE NETWORK ...............................268

MAKING PHYSICAL CONNECTION .......................................................................................................270

VERIFYING CONNECTION ........................................................................................................................266

NETWORK CONNE CTION ..........................................................................................................................272

CHANGING IP ADDRE SS............................................................................................................................. 273

CHAPTER NINETEEN:

Introductionto Software To ols.....................................................................................................275

ActiveDSO.............................................................................................................................................................275

ScopeExplorer.......................................................................................................................................................275

Using ActiveDSO .........................................................................................................................275

CONTROL INSTANTIATION....................................................................................................................... 275

EXAMPLE : Pow e rPoint .....................................................................................................................................276

EXAMPLE : VBA................................................................................................................................................. 280

Using Sco peExplorer...................................................................................................................281

ScopeExplorer FEATURES............................................................................................................................... 282

OVERVIEW

.................................................................258

CONNECTING TO PC OR NE TWOR K

SOFTWARE TOOLS

.....................................................274

.....................264

APPENDI X:

Sp ecifi c atio ns.......................................................................................................................................283

MODELS ...............................................................................................................................................................283

TIMEBASE SYSTEM..........................................................................................................................................284

TRIGGERING SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................285

SPE CIFICATION S

ACQUISITION SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................283

.............................................................................283

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SMART TRIGGER TYPE S ...............................................................................................................................285

AUTOSETUP........................................................................................................................................................286

PROBES..................................................................................................................................................................286

COLOR WA VEFORM DISPLAY.....................................................................................................................286

ANAL OG PERSISTE NCE DISPLAY ............................................................................................................286

ZOOM EXPANSION TRACES .......................................................................................................................286

RAPID SIGNAL PROCESSING......................................................................................................................287

INTE RNAL W A VE FORM MEMORY............................................................................................................287

SETUP STORAGE ...............................................................................................................................................287

MATH TOOLS .....................................................................................................................................................287

MEASURE TOOLS .............................................................................................................................................288

STANDARD MEASURE TOOL S ...................................................................................................................288

EXTENDED MATH AND MEASUREMENTS OPTION......................................................................288

W A VE ANALYZER OPTION ..........................................................................................................................288

SPECIAL APPLICATION SOLUTIONS ......................................................................................................289

INTE RFACE..........................................................................................................................................................289

OUTPUTS ..............................................................................................................................................................289

GENERAL...............................................................................................................................................289

GL O SSARY OF TECH NI CAL T ER MS IN DE X

.......................................................................................................................305

..................................................................293

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I NTRO DUCTION

Waverunner-2 Features

ACCESS YOUR SCOPE’S ANALYTICAL POWERWITH THE PRE SSOF ABUTTON Wavepilot Menu

In the Wa verunner-2 series of scopes , L eCroyintroduces the Wa vep ilot menu, an operational aid that gives you imme d ia te ac ce s s to thedigital stora g eoscilloscope’s (DSO) most freq u ently use d functions . The Wavep ilot menu’s soft keys access measurement tools such as cursors and parameters. By means of the Graph button, it also provides direct access to math analysis functions including histograms, fast Fourier transforms (FFT), and the uniq u eJitterTrac k ™ timinganaly s is . Finally, yo ucan acce ss applica tion-spe c ific analysis options like communications mask testing, disk drive, and powe r measureme nts by pressing the Analysis Packa ges button. The figure below shows the location of the Wa vepilot and other new buttons.

QUICK ZOOM

L ocation of Wavepilot controls

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Introduction

Thefigurebelowisanexampleof theWavepilot Parameters function. Show n is a viewof the measurement Dashboard, which provides a summary of 26 key waveform parameters for the selected waveform.

A Wavepilot M easure menu showing the measurement parameter D ashboard

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Pressing the Wave pilot menu’s Cursor button immediately displays the cursor control menu shown below. This greatly enhances the accessibility of this frequently used function.

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Wav e pilo t Cu r so rs me nua c cesse dbypre ssingtheCu rso r s bu tton

UTILITY

You can make cursors appea r thin or thick by pressing

Cursors Measure. Turn

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on or off.

, then selecting Special Modes →

Introduction

QuickZoom

QuickZoom, indicated by the magnifying glass icon the currently use dacquis ition cha n n e ls. The figure be lo wprovid e s anexam p leof a typica l QuickZoom disp lay. The QuickZoom menu includes controls for overlapping the traces and using Auto-scroll to scan through the expanded display .

,isusedtoimmediatelyturnonthezoomdisplayof

A Quick Z oomdisplay for a single trace

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Wavepilot Menu Graph Button

W aveform analy sis ca n bethou g h t of as a mu ltidimensiona l viewof a signal.Oscilloscopes hav ealway s be en used to view signals in the time domain — a plot of signal amplitude versus time. More recently , frequency domain analysis using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been added to digital oscilloscopes . The FFT provid e s agra p h ica l disp lay of signa l amplitude as afunction of freq u e n cy. Usinghistogra ms ,LeCroyoffers tw o ne wviews of statistical and timing analysis usingtheuniqu eTrackVie wfunction. TrackViewplots variations in timing parameters, such as period, width, frequency, and duty cycle, as a function of time.

-2

These powerful analysis tools have been made even more accessible using the G theG

RAPH button in Wave pilot evokes a special graph menu that offers an instant selection of Histograms,

FFT, Track View(with EMM option) , an d othe r options from ad d itiona llyinstalled progra ms.

RAPH function. Simply pressing

TheWave pilo t Gra ph fu n c tionoffers aninstan t ch o ic e o f histo g ram, Jitte rTrack, Trac kV iew, or F F T analysis of an acquired signal, depending oninstalled option s

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Introduction

The figure on the preceding pag e shows the statistical analysis of a pulse-width-modulated signal displayed with Analog Persistence . This is used to show the w ave form’s history . The histogram shows that there are nine widths and that the frequency of occurrence of each pulse width varies proportional to the width. The next qu e s tion that one migh t ask is, "Wha t is theordering of thepulsewidths?" That question is ea silyanswere db y selecting the JitterTrack view. The figure belowshow s an analysis of pulse width as a function of time. The JitterTrack display shows that the pulse widths increase seque ntially, from narrowe st to widest, with the duration of the signal at each width increasing proportionally to the width.

JitterTra c k exam ple

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The final viewshow n belowis the FFT of the pulse-modulated wa veform. The FFT show s that the frequency spectrum of the wa veform consists of the 1 MHz fundamental frequency along with a series of harmonics. Modulation effects are obvious in the sidebands show n about each of the principal spectral lines.

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FFT of a p ulse- widthmodu l ateds i gnal take noveronec yc l eof th ewidthmodu l atio n

For additional controls or for manual setup , each of these analysis tools is available from the "Math Tools" menu.

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Introduction

WAVEFOR M HISTORY

Display Signal Changes Over T ime

Analog Persistence and History mode are tools used to acquire and display how a signa l changes over time. These fea tures w ork in a highly integrated fashion to produce screen displays that show the range and frequency of occurrence of variations in the signal.

TheLeCro yWa v e runn er-2 serie s of oscilloscop es placeboth the sefeatures at your fingertips. Both fe a ture s

ANALOG PERSIST

canbeevokedbysimplypressing display that contains 15 overlaid acquisitions of the leading edge of a pulse wa veform. The intensity grading indicates frequency of occurrence of each edge rate . Included are the time stamps for each acquisition.

The History data is display ed on trace D. Turn on trace D to viewthe data. When you turn off History mode, turn traceD off manually.

. The figure belowshow s an intensity-graded Analog Persistence

TheAnalogPersist buttongives accesstotheHistoryfeature. Historyevokes sequencemodeandA nalogPersistencetoshowa history of waveform chan ges.

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Turning off A nalog Persistence allows each segm ent to be viewed individually. Play and R everse menu selections control autoscrollin gth r ougha ll segme nts

Sequence mode (available in the Timebase S oscillosco p einto a s man yas 8000 smaller seg ments. Each of these segments is ava ila b leafter the acqu is ition for individual view ing, parameter measureme nts, or w ave form math. And each segment is individually time stamped with an absolute real time stamp, time since first trigger, and time between segments.

In this example we can see a single edge that has a slow transition time. Each of the acquired segments can be viewe d individually by using the oscilloscope ’s zoom feature. With Analog Persistence turned on, the scope displays all the segments overlapped. If Analog Persistence is turned off, the zoom display shows each segment individ u a lly. An auto-scrolling feature allo ws y outo au toma ticallyscan through all the segmen ts using Playand Reverse. This allow s any segment located using the Analog Persistence display to be recovered for detailed analysis.

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ETUP menus) brea ks the long acquisition memory of the

Introduction

Once such an anomaly is observed it is easy to measure the risetime, using cursors or measurement parameters, then se le ct a trigg e r to catch onlyeven ts with slowrise time s. This ty p eof ev e n t can be isola tedusing the Slew Rate trigger (available with the advanced trigger packageoption), whose setup is shown in the following figure.

Se tu p fo r SlewRa tetrigge r to a cquirew a v e fo rms w ith tra nsitiontim e s g re a te r tha n1.4 n s

Once the special slew rate trigger has been enabled, running the acquisition again measures the precise time of occu rrenceof ea chof the slowtransition ev e n ts. This is illustrated in thefollowingfigu re .

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R er unning a sequence acquisit ion aft er t urning on S M A R T T rigger shows t he t ime of occurrence of each sl ow edge event

The History button consolidates the existing Analog Persistence and sequence mode fea tures and makes both easily accessible through a direct front pane l control.

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Introduction

Ab out this Manual

Like the Wa verunner-2 scopeitself, this manual is designed to make your mea surements as easy as “1–2–3.” Each section shows you step by step howto use the oscilloscope to solve simple or complex problems.

Use the manual with the Wa verunner-2 in front of you. Then you’ll see clea rly just what is being referred to; and you can immediately put into action what is described.

The manual has two main parts: Part One, “G et ti ng S tart ed,” is for newusers and basic operations. It explains the most important

Wa verunner-2 features , and show s you howto apply them. Use it when starting out and for getting quick results.

Part Two, “ L oo king D eeper,” goes into more detail. It explains how to perform complex measurements using more advanced Wa verunner-2 functions. It also looks more deeply into operations covered in Part One. Use it for tackling demanding tasks, or as a reference for understanding better how your scope w orks.

Consult theglossary for clarification of oscilloscope an d rela tedterms. As an additional guide, each chapter is prefaced by a summary of its contents. Wa tch for panels and sections throughout the manual marked by these icons:

s offer additional hints on how to get the most out of Wa verunner-2 actions or features .

TTIIPPs

s bring to your attention important information you should know.

NNOOTTEEs

Thesections marked by the ma g n ifyingglass,a n d printedin italic te x t, “zoom” on particular topics. They offer more information on the subject, whe re appropriate.

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F IRST T HINGS...

Inth is preface, see ho w

Tomake sureyou h ave everyth ing To operate withsafety To get to kno wy o urWaver un n er -2 scope Toinstalland powerup To initialize To checkth e systemstatus To install n ewsoftw are and firmw are To activate thescreensav e r To use men us, men u butto n s and kno bs To ch oo se button and kno b pr efer en ces

First

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F IRST T HINGS

WhenYo urWav erun n er -2is Deliver ed

CHECK THATYOU HAVE EVERYTHING

First, verify that all items on the packing list or invoice copy have been shipped to you. (The items are also listed below.) Second, check the SYSTEM STATUS display once your Wave runne r-2 oscilloscope is installed (see page25). Contact your nearest L eCroy customer service center or national distributor if anything is missing or damaged. If there is something missing or damaged, and you do not contact us immediately, we cannot be responsible for replaceme nt.

The following is shipp ed w ith the standard Wa verunner-2 scope :

: Th e w arr antybelowreplaces all

10:110MΩ PP006 Passive Probe — one per channel AC Powe r Cord and Plug Performa n ceor Calibration Ce rtificate Front Scope Cover

Operator’s M anual RemoteControl Manual Quick R eference Guide De cla ra tio no f Confo rmity

NNOOTTEE:

other warranties, expressed or implied, including but no t limited to an yim p lied warranty of merchantability, fitness, or adequacy foran yp articularp urp o se or use. L eCroy shall not be liable for any special, incidental, orconseque n tial damages, wheth erin contr act or oth er w ise. The custom eris respon sible fo rthetransportati onand in su rance ch arges fo rtheretur nof pro d uctsto the service facility. LeCro yw ill return all pro ducts underwar r an tyw ith tr a nsp ort prepaid.

BE SURE T O RE AD T H IS WARRAN T Y The Waverunner -2 oscilloscope is warranted fornormal use and operation, within specifications, for a

period of three years from shipment. L eCroy will either repair or, at our option, replace anyproduct r e turn e dtoon eo f ourauthorizedservic ecenters withinthi s p e rio d . However, inor d e rto dothis we must first examine the product and find that it is defective due to workmanship or materials and not due to misuse, neglect, acciden t, orabn o rmal condition s oroper ation .

Spare and rep lacement parts, and rep airs, all have a 90-day war r an ty. The oscill o sco p e’s firm war eh as beenthorough lytested an d is pr esu m edto be fun ctio n al .

Neverth el ess, it is suppl ied w ith o ut w arran tyo f an ykind cov erin g detailed perfo r m ance. Pro ducts no t made by LeCr o yar e cov er ed solelyby the war r anty of the or igin al equipm en t man ufactur er.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 15

F IRST T HINGS

TAKE ADVANTAGE OF MAINTENANCE AGREEMENTS

W e offer a variety of services under the heading of Maintenance Agreements. These give extende d wa rranty and allow you to budget maintenance costs after the initial three-year warranty has expired. Installation, training, enhancements, and on-site repairs — among other services — are available through special supplemental support agreements. I nquire at your LeCroy customer service center or national distributor.

OBTAIN ASSISTANCE

Help w ith installation, calib ra tion, an d the useof yo u r W a v eru nn er-2 scop ein a ran g eof applications is also available from your customer service center.

RE T U RN A PRODUCT FOR SERVICE OR REPAIR

If you do need to return a LeCroy product, identify it by its model and serial numbers (see page 25). Describe the defect or failure, and provide your name and contact number.

Forfactory returns, usea ReturnAuthorization N umber (RAN), obtainable from customer service . Attach it so that it can be clearly seen on the outside of the shipping package to ensure rapid forwarding within LeCroy.

Return those products requiring only maintenance to your customer service center.

Within the warranty period, transportation charges to the factory will be your responsibility, while products under warranty will be returned to you with transport prepaid by L eCroy. Outside the warranty period, you will ha veto provid eus with a purch a seorder numb e r before the work can bedone . Y ouwill be bille dfor parts and labo r relatedto the repa ir w o rk, a s w ell as for shipp ing.

Youshouldprepayreturnshipments.LeCroycannotacceptCOD(CashOnDelivery)orCollectReturn shipments. We recommend using air freight.

STAY UP-TO-DATE

To maintain your Wave runne r-2 scope ’s performance within specifications, have us calibrate it at least once a year. LeCroy offers state-of-the-art technology by continually refining and improving the instrument’s cap a b ilitiesa n d op e ra tion. W efreq u e n tly update both firmware an d software during se rvice, free of charge during w arranty .

: If y ou nee dtoretur n

TTIIPP:

y ourscope, use the or iginal shipping carton. If this is not po ssibl e, the cartonused sho uld be rigid. Th e scope sh o uld be packedso that it is surr o un de d by a min imum of four inches (1 0 cm) of shock absor ben t material.

Yo ucan also install newfirmw are you rse lf, w ithou t thenee d of a factoryrefit. Simp lyprovideu s with yo u r Wa verunner-2 serial number and ID, and the version number of the software alrea dy installed (see page 25), along with ordering information. We w ill provide youw ith a unique option key that has a code to be entered through the instrument’s front panel to upgrade y our softw are. In addition, the very latest versions of L eCroy ’s uniq u eoscilloscop esoftw are applications can bedow nlo a d e dfrom theInternet, freeof cha rge. Inclu d ed are

ScopeExplorer and ActiveDSO.

16 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

av erunn er-2

Scope Explor eris a highly practical PC-based connectivity tool that interfaces Wave runner-2 to a PC that is

running Microsoft Windows, via there ar pa n e l GPIB (IEEE 488) or RS-232 port. Specia llydesig n ed by LeCroy for its oscilloscope s, ScopeExplorer allows you to perform data and image transfers and other remote operations from scopeto PC with just a fewkeyboard strokes or mouse clicks. See Chapter 12, “U se Waverunner-2 with P C,” for more about using ScopeExplorer with your Wave runne r-2 scope .

S copeE xplorer now has a virtual front panel to allowfull control of remote scopes.

ActiveDSO works on any PC running Window s 95, 98 or NT, and enables you to exchangedata with a variety of Windows applications or programming languages that support the ActiveX standard, such as MS

Office, Internet Explorer, Visua l Basic, Visual C++ and Visual Java. ActiveDSO hides the intricacies of programming for each of these interfaces and provides a simple and consistent interface to the controlling application. You can also visually embed ActiveDSO in any OLE automation compatible client and use it manually without programming. You could, for examp le, generate a rep ort by importing scope data straight

into Excel or Word, analyze your wa veforms by bringing them directly into MathCad, archive measurement results “on the fly” in a Microsoft Access database,and automatetests usingVisual Basic,Java, C++, or

Excel(VBA). Visit our Web site athttp://www.lecroy.com/software to download these and other free softw are applications.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 17

F IRST T HINGS

Installation for Safe and E fficient Operation

Saf etySymbols

Where the following symbols or indications appear on the instrument’s front or rea r panels, or elsewhe re in this manual, theyalert you to important safety considerations.

Sy mbol

WARN IN G

CAUT ION

Meaning

In cor r ect oper ationo rfailur e to heed w arn in gs may result in death orser io us injury. If a WARN IN G is in d i cate do nth einstr ument, do n ot pr oceed until its conditions are understood and met. In cor r ect oper ationorfailur e to heed cautions m ay r esult in injuryor damage to equipm en t. If a CAUTION is indicated, do not pr oceed un til its condition s are under stoo d and m et.

Refer to accom p anying docum ents (forsafety rel ated in fo r m atio n).

See elsewhere in this manual wherever the symbol is present, as indicated in the T able of Contents

Risk of E lectric Shock

Stand-by (Pow er ) State

E arth (Ground) Terminal

Pro te cti ve Conducto rTerm i nal

Altern atin g Curr ent Only

Chassis Termin al

E arth (Ground) Terminal on BNC Connectors

18 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

av erunn er-2

OPERATE IN A SAFE ENVIRONMENT

The Wa verunner-2 is intended for indoor use only. Ensurethat its operating environ ment will be maintainedwithin these parameters:

Tempe rature .............5 to 45 ºC

Humidity...................80% max. RH (non-

condensing) up to 35 ºC Derates to 50% max. RH at 45 ºC

Altitude......................4500 m up to 25 ºC

Derates to 2000 m max. at 45 ºC

Note: TheWaveru nn e r-2 h a s bee nqual if i e dtothe following E N 61 01 0-1 category:

Protec tionClass..........................................I

Inst alla t i on(Overvoltage) Category...........II

Pollut ionDegree.........................................2

CAUT ION

Donotblocktheairinletorexitports.

CAUT ION

Do not allo wany fo reignmatte rto enterthe Waverunner-2 through air inlet ports, etc.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 19

F IRST T HINGS

AC POWER SOURCE

The Wa verunner-2 operates from a single-phase 100–120 V (±10%) AC (~) power sou rce a t 50/60/400 (±10%) Hz, or 200–240 V (±10%) AC (~) at 50/60 (±10%) Hz.

Maximum pow e r consumption: 250 VA (depe nding on model)

No manual voltage selection is required because the instru ment automaticallyadap ts to the line voltag e.

POWER AND GROUND CONNECTIONS

The Waverunner-2 is provided with a 3-wire electrical cord containing a 3-terminal polarized plug for line voltage and safety ground connection. The plug’s groundterminalis connected directlyto the frameof the Wa verunner-2. For adequa te protection against electrical hazard, this plug must be inserted into a mating outlet containing a safety ground contact.

Note: SetthepowerswitchtoSTANDBYbefore connecting or disconnecting the pow e r cord.

ON /STANDBY SWITCH

The On/ Standby toggle switch controls the basic operational state of the DSO. A portion of the DSO will remainpowered inthestandby state(5Watts dissipation).

Note: The W av e r un ner-2auto m aticallyadapts itsel f to thelin evol tage prese nt wi thinthe follow in g limits:

Voltage Range: 1 00 – 120 VAC 200 – 240 VAC

Fr equen cy Range: 50/ 60/400 Hz 50/ 60 H z

WARNIN G

Main tainth e groun dlin eto av o id electric sh o ck. The power cord’s protective grounding conductor must be connected to ground.

POWER OFF STATE

TheDSOcanonlybeplacedinacompletepower off statebyunpluggingtheDSO’spower cordfromthe primary pow er source (AC outlet). It is recommende d that the DSO’s powe r cord be unplugged from the AC outlet during any extended period of DSO inactivity.

20 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

av erunn er-2

CALIBRATION

The recommended calibration interval is one year. Calibration should be performed only by qualified personnel.

CLEANING

Clean only the exterior of the instrument, using a damp , soft cloth. Do not use chemicals or abrasive elements. Under no circumstances allow moisture to pene trate the Wa verunner-2. To avoid electric shock, disconnect the instrument from the pow e r supp ly before cleaning.

ABNORMAL CONDITIONS

Operate the W ave runner-2 only as intended by the manufacturer.

Do not operatetheWaverunner-2 withcovers removed. If you suspect the Wa verunner-2 is damaged or has failed, immediately set the pow er switch to STANDBY and disconnect the pow er cord. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.

WARN IN G

No op er atorserv iceable comp on en ts inside. Do not remove covers.

WARN IN G

Any use of the instrument in a manner not specified by the manufacturer may impair the instrument’s safety protection. T he Waverunner-2 has no t been designed to make direct measur em en ts onth e hum anbody . Nev er connect the Waverunner-2 to a living person.

CAUT ION

Do not ex ceed the m ax imum spe cified inp ut terminal (CH1,CH2, CH3, CH4, E XT) voltage levels.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 21

F IRST T HINGS

Up and Running

GET TO KNOWYOUR WAVERUNNER-2– FRONT PANEL

MENU CONTROLS FLOPPY DISK DRIVE TIMEBASE CONTROLS

RIGGER

ONTROLS

OOM & MATH

ONTROLS

WAVE PILOT

MENU ACCESS

SCREEN SAVER

ODE LED

CAL

Waverunner- 2 mai n front panel cont rol s and features.

IN STALL AND POWE R UP

1. Before pow ering up, check that the local pow er source corresponds to Wave runner-2’s powe r range (see

pa g e20).

2. Use the cable provided to connect the scopeto the powe r outlet through its rear panel receptacle (see next

page).

3. Turn the scope on by pressing the On button at the bottom left-hand corner of the Wave runner-2 front

panel (see above) .

NALOG ERSISTENCE

22 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

av erunn er-2

Before a disp la yapp ears, the instrum ent w ill au toma ticallyperform ha rdwareand software se lf-te sts, followed by a full system calibration. The front panel STANDBY L ED will be lit during this sequence. The full testing procedure will takeabout 10 seconds, after which a display ap pea rs.

UTILITY

4. Press

5. Press the menu soft key for

to displaythe UTIL ITIE S men us.

to set thetimeand date.

GET TO KNOWYOUR WAVERUNNER-2– BACKPANEL

XERNAL

MONITOR

BNC

SIGNAL

OUTPUT

Us e the RS-232- C and GPIB ports to connect your Waverunner-2 scope to a computer or termi nal,



the extern al monitor port t o display your waveforms on another monitor, and the Centronics

port to connect compatible printers or ot her devices. U se the PC C ard sl ot for t he P C M emory Card and portable H ard D isk opt ions, and the BN C output for extern al clock signals.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 23

F IRST T HINGS

TON

AV I G AT ETHROUGHMENUS

Menus Themenu butto n

Longer menus

Capitalized menus

The two menu knobs

Combin atio n s of kn o bs and buttons

or chang es the variable, while the kn ob adjusts its valu e.

Menus aregrouped

selectaparticularmenuoranitemonamenu.Travelupordowninthemenulist andchangethe selection. Or change values and sett ings.

The dar ker, labeled button s

to select themenus for initialization. W hen you press any one of these, it offers access t o related menus in i ts group.

such as ena ble you to perform actions or adjust settings.

beside each displayed m enu controls that menu .

that spanthebreadth of two buttons are controlled by both buttons.

— for exampl e — perform specific actions.

work together with the two menu buttons beside them.

control continuously adjustable variables. T hebuttonselects

and shown together according to their function. Press a buttonor turn a k nob to

PANELS

also play a role in menu selection:

—forexample—wasused

Menus withshadows

Press to r e tu r n

the previous menu display.

to a shado w e d m e nu. A lso use this button wh enever you w ish to go bac k to

Arrows on the s ide of a long menu

Press one or the other of these menus’ buttons t o move in the desired direction, and to view or select any menu item not displayed. A rrows disappear when you reach the beginn ing or end of the menu list.

lead to other menus: Press their buttons to display those others.

indicate that you can scroll up or down the menulist.

24 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

IN IT IAL IZE

Initialize your Wa verunner-2 scope to its basic default w ave form display settings:

PANELS

av erunn er-2

6. Press

to display the PANEL SE TUPS menu group.

7. If Recallis not selected, press the button once to select it:

8. Then press thebutton beside .

Initialize to Waverunner-2 default settings whene ver you wish to clear your settings and make a fresh start on a newmeasureme nt.

CHECK YOUR WAVERUNN ER-2 SYSTEM

SCOPE

STATUS

Press

to show the STATUS menus.

10. Press the top button to highlight and select Sys t em . The scree n will showyour Wave runner-2’s serial

nu mb er, theversion of softw a reinsta lle dand the date of its relea s e ,as we ll asafull list of your currently installed softw are and hardw a re.

Contact L eCroy customer service immediately if any of the options you ordered have not been installed.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 25

F IRST T HINGS

ADD AN OPTION

This menu will also be displayed when you select Sy stem:

Use it to install new options — without the need to return your Waverunner-2 for a refit.

1. Press that menu’s button to display

2. Then press that menu’s button to display the ADD OPTION menus. Use them whenever you wish to add a Wa verunner-2 option by means of a special code. Contact your LeCroy sales or service center to obtain the code.

UPDATE TOTHE LATEST FIRMWARE

Your Waverunner-2 comes with the latest firmware installed. But to take advantage of our continuou s improvement, contact us to obtain a floppy disk or card containing the latest firmware. Then use these menus to installit:

UTILITY

1. Press

2. Press the button for

3. Place the flopp y or card in the W ave runner-2 and press the buttons to select Floppyor Card and then Update Flash. Thenewly installedfirmwa re will app e ar on the System Statu s scree n(seeabove).

Yo umay alsodow n load the firmware from the internet, usingScop eExplo rer .

SAVE T HE SCREEN (AND ENERGY)

Enable or disable your Wave runner-2’s screen saver:

1. Press

2. Press the button for “ More Display Setup” to access this menu:

to display the UTIL ITIE S men us.

, then for the one for .

DISPLAY

to showtheDISPLAY SETUP menus.

26 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

av erunn er-2

3. Press its button, then select Yes or No from

When enabled, the built-in screen saver is activated 10 minutes after the last use of a front panel control. This is a complete display shutdow n of the internal screen — an “Energy-Saver.” The front panel LE D light will indicate whe n the scope is in the screen-saving STANDBY state. Press any front panel button to restore the screen.

DO YOU PRE FER YOUR CON T ROLS WIT H SOUND AN D AUTO-RE PEAT?

Haveyour buttons and knobs rep eat their actions and make an audible sound w hen used:

UTILITY

1. Press

2. Press the button for

3. Make your preferences by means of the USER PRE F’S menus displayed.

With Pushbutton auto-repea t On, all front pane l buttons, whe n pressed and held in, will move the selection au toma ticallyand sequen tiallythrou g ha ll items in a men u .

With audible feedback for buttons and knobs On, an audible “click” will sound when any front panel button is pressed or any knob is turned.

to displaythe UTIL ITIE S men us. These you w ill find useful for a variety of functions.

, then the button for .

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 27

F IRST T HINGS

BLANK PAGE

28 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

AARRT

NNE

T his part of the manual covers the main Waverunner-2 features and explains, step by step, how to use them. You’ll get to know your scope and start working with it quickly and effectively. Capture and view w av ef o rms. Zoo mand scr o ll . Learnthe ar t of displ ay . Use mathand measu rem ent tools. Do cum ent your work.

TII

GSS

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 29

C HAPTER O NE:

In thi s ch a pter, see h ow

To select the input signal channel To use menus and controls for basic operations To find yo urwayar ound the display To adjust the timeb ase, gainan dpo sitio nof th e signal To zoom— man ual lyand autom atically To set up thetim ebase To set sign alcoup l in g To calibr ate and use th e passiv e pr obe To set up the CAL and BN C outputs

Catcha N ewWav e

30 ISSUED: January 2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER O NE

Catch a N ewWav e

View Yo ur Wav eform

Take thesesteps tocaptureand viewyour signal;set timeand voltsper division; zoom andauto-scroll:

1. Connect your signa l to the Wave runner-2 (Channel 1 input for this example) .

AUTO

SETUP

2. Press input signa l. Press it aga in to confirm the action.

to automaticallyset the(Edge) trigger level, timebase, andverticalsettingsfor display of the

3. Press

to select CHANNEL 1 and disp lay the basic Wav e runner-2 me n u s .

4. Use these menus in the steps on the follow ing pages to adjust the signal’s trace on the screen.

:Press

TurnsChannel 1 on or off.

Accesses the CHANNE L Coupling menus. See page 38.

Automaticallymakes a zoomed traceof thesignal. Usethevertical POSITION kn ob to movethetrace so that it is clea rlyvisible. Use the ve rtical ZOOM kno b to adjust its expansionvertica lly. See page 36.

Automaticallysets gain andoffset, and“find” thesignal.

Selec ts fix e dor variab legain. Select “varia ble” to control thechanne l’s gain continuously. See page 34.

: With AUTO SETUP yo u canautomatically set

TTIIPP:

channel on or off.

up signals in the 5 mV to 40 V range with a frequency of ≥≥≥≥50Hz and a duty cycle

as small as 0.1%.

tw i cetoturnthe

Selects the grid style and number. Next page: Single grid. See also Chapter 3, “D i splay Your S ignal.”

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 31

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

TOF

IN DYOURWAY ARO UN D T H EWAVERUNNER

Real-time Clock field:

displays the current date and time.

Displayed Trace L abel

time/ div and volts/ div sett ings, and cursor readings where appropriat e.

Acqu isiti on Summary field:

attenuation, and coupling for each channel, with the selected channel highlighted.

-2 D

ISPLAY

indicates each channel or channel displ ayed, the

timebase, volts/ div, probe

32 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER O NE:

Catch a N ewWav e

Trigger L evel

the trigger voltage level relative to ground level.

Trigger Delay

Trigger Status field

(A U T O, N OR M A L , S IN G L E , S T OPPE D ). T he small square icon flashes to indicate that an acquisition has been made.

Trigger Configuration field

trigger, and information on the trigger’s source, slope, level and coupling, and other inform ation when appropriate.

Trace and Ground L evel

mar k er.

Other display areas inc lu de the time and frequency relative to cursors, and a specialmessages.Formoreaboutthedisplay,seeChapter3,“DisplayYourSignal.”

USE T IME / DIVT O ADJUST TH E TIME BASE

Ti me a nd Frequency field

arrows onboth sides of the grid that mark

is an arrow indicati ng the trigger time relat ive to t he trace.

shows sample rate and t rigger re-arming status

cont ains an icon indicating t he t ype of

show s the trac e number and ground level

, located belowthe grid and stating

M essag e field

placed above the grid and reserved for

:AUTO SETUP operates only

NNOOTTEE:

on channels that are turned on,

TIME / DIV

unless no channels are turned on. T hen all channels will be affected.

sns

When more than one channel is turned on, the first channel in numerical order with a signal

5. Tu rn

to adjust the timebase as desired.

app lie d to it willbe automatically set upforedgetriggering.

Thetimeper division is set in a 1–2–5 sequ e n c e. TheWav erun n er-2 au toma ticallyadapts itself to usethe maximum sampling rate w hene ver the timebase is changed. The selected time/div setting is shown in the trace labelat thetopleft portionof thescreen, andthesamplingrateinthetrigger status field at the bottom righthand corner.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 33

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

ADJUST SENSITIVITY AND POSITION

VOLTS / DIV

VmV

6. Turn The volts/div setting is shown in the Channel 1 trace label.

The next two steps can be tak en (if not already) w hen you wish to finetunethe vertical gainand get abetter vertical resolution:

7. Fine tune the vertical gain by selecting “variable” from theGainmenu(seepage31).

8. Now turn the VOLTS / DIV knob through several completerotations, so that theentiresignalreaches from top to bottom of thegrid.Filling thegrid in this way, yo uca nu sethefull rangeof av a ila b ledigitizing lev e ls.

OFFSET

9. Use

toreducethevertical gain sen sitivity.

to center the w ave form on the grid.

UTILITY

TTIIPP:

:Press

to select Special Modes.

T hen select the Channels menu to choose In:tosettheoffset of a gain

(VO LTS/ DIV) change in volts or vertical divisio n s (this is in vo lts, by default).

Automatic Reca l ib ratio n: to turnthis featur eonoroff (default is “On ”). “Off” maysp eed capture, but tim e calibrationis no t certain durin g the capture per io d.

Global BWL : to control the global bandwidth limit. When On, the chosen bandw idth(see page 38 ) appl ies to all channels. When Off, a bandwidth limit canbeset in d i v i du al lyforeachchan nel.

ZOO M AND SCROLL AUTOM ATICALLY

Use ZOOM to see more detail on your signal. The display w ill showthe original signal and its zoomed copy.

10. Pre ss

11. Pre ss

12. Press the soft key for:

todisplaytheTRACEAmenus(todisplayTraceB,C,orD,pressitsbutton).

again or the top soft key to display the trace and its label. (Do the same to turn off a trace.)

:Togobacktothedefaultpower-up

TTIIPP:

settings, simultan eo uslypre ss the second an d fifthm enu soft key s an d .

The menus shown on the next page will be displayed.

13. Use these menus to scroll back and forth through the full leng th of one or all of your zoom copies.

34 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER O NE:

MULTI-ZOOM unifies the con trol of all zoom traces , while AUTO-SCROLL w alks the zoom trace or traces across the referenced trace.

Whe nOff, only the active zoom trace is controlled. When On,all disp la yed zoo m traces (A, B, C, D) are simu ltan e o u slycontrolled (a u toma tically) w ith Auto Scroll and (ma nually) w ith thehorizontal ZOOM and POSITION knobs. See the next page for more on Multi-Zoom .

To scroll the zoom trace from right to left of screen. When playing, the menu is labeled “ STOP (PLAYIN G)”: Press to stop.

To scroll thezoom tracefrom left to right of screen . Whe nplayin g, the menu is labeled “ STOP (RE VERSIN G)”: Press to stop.

To scroll by divisions per second or number of divisions. Use div/s to scroll continuously for view ing. Use number of div forwaveform processing ,especia llyPass/Fail testing. Whenp roce ssingis comp le te, the displayw ill be updated by the number of divisions set.

To set scroll spee d, usingthe knob . Whenscrolling by divisions, 10 div will step the zoom trace “grid-page” by “grid-page” across the length of the referenced trace.

Catch a N ewWav e

To return to the TRACE A menus, while continuing to scroll, by pressing the menu soft key.

To stop scrolling and return to the previous menu displayed.

: Conside rzoomas an ex tra timebase th at offer s

TTIIPP:

alternativ e sweepsp eed s. Yo u can disp layas many as four zooms at once.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 35

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

USE THE POSITION AND ZOOM CON TROLS

POSITION

: T he smaller Waverunner-2 knobs

TTIIPP:

arer ate sen siti v e: the fasteryour o tate th e m, the greate rth e ch a nge that r e su l ts p e rdegre eo f ro ta tion .

14. Turn

When using more than one grid (see Chapter 3), turn POSITION to movetraces from one grid to another.

ZOOM

15. Turn

POSITION

16. Turn

ZOOM

17. Turn

to placeTraceA verticallyonthegrid.

to adjust the expansion factor and increase the amount of zoom.

to move the zoomed region of t hetrace.

to vertically expand, or reduce, the zoom trace.

TOZ

OOM AN DMULTI-ZOOM

You can zoom several traces from a single waveform to obtain precise t iming measuremen ts and im prove the time resolution on your displayed waveform . F or in stance, on a w aveform com posed of tw o pu lses separated by a long delay, you could make Trace A a zoom of the first pulse, and TraceB a zoom of the second.

Multi-Zoom

traces, or t wo or more regions of t he same trace, simult aneously. W hen you act ivat e mult i-zoom, the horizontal zoomand position controls apply to all displayed traces — A , B, C , and D — allowing you to view similar sect ions of different traces at t he same t ime. The vertical sensitivity cont rols still act individual ly on t he t races.

When trace labels have dotted t op and bottom edges, like the one at right, this in dicates that their traces are m u lt i-zoomed.

allows you to move the zoom ed region of the waveform along two or mo re different

36 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

SET UP THE TIMEBASE

SETUP

C HAPTER O NE:

Catch a N ewWav e

18. Pre ss

in the Horizontal group of control buttons to access the TIMEBASE menus .

19. Use these menus to set up the timebase in single-shot mode. See Chapter 7, “A Quest ion of T imebase,” for more on the sampling modes.

Singl e-Shot sam p lin gdispl a y sdatacollecte dduringsucc e ssi vesing le -s ho t acqu isitions from theinpu t channels — capture nonrecurring, or verylow repetition-rateevents, simu ltan eouslyon all input channels.

To select Internalor external — ECL, 0V, TTL — clock modes. Selec t internal unle ss usin gan external cloc ksignal. SeeChap te r 7, “A Question of Timebase,” forexternal clock.TheLT374 and LT264 series havea “Channe l Use” menu belo w“Sam pleClock” (see “Pairing Channels” in Chap ter 8).

To switch sequence mode Onor Off.Usetheknobto choose the number of seg ments. See Chapter 7, “A Question of Timebase,” forsequence sampling.

To select the maximum number of samples to be acquired, using the menu knob; and, to set the default 50k, using the menu soft key .

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 37

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SET THE COUPLING

20. Pre ss

and then the soft key for to display the coupling menus.

21. Use these menus to set input signal coupling and grounding, the channel bandw idth limit, and the probe attenuation.

Selects the signal coupling.

Moves your selection down the list. When at the bottom, as here, the dow n arrow disappears and this soft key becomes inactive.

Press NORMAL to set offset, volts/ div , and input coupling to display ECL signals. Press again; settings for TTL signals are given. Press a third time; settings willreturn tothoseof thelast manual setup.

Press to turn the bandw idth limit Off or reduce the bandw idth to 200 MHz or 20 MHz. Reduces signal and system noise and prevents high -frequencya lia sin g. Global BWL mean s that thelimit set w ill ap p lyto all cha n n e ls. BWL mean s that a limit can be se t individu ally for each channel. Seethe TIP on page 34 for how to set these, using SPECIAL MODES.

Sets the probe attenuation factor for the input channel. The soft keys scroll up or dow n, while the knobs scroll

theselector up anddown the list. LeCroy’sProBus system automa tically sense s probe s and sets the ir attenuation. This menu then changes to indicate the typeof probeattachedand itsattenuation factor. See the following pages for more on probes and ProBus.

NNOOTTEE:

AC position: signals are coupled capacitively , the input signal’s DC compon ent is blocked, and signal fre quen cies belo w1 0Hz are lim ited.

DC position: signal frequency components are allowed to pass through, and an input impedance of either1MΩΩΩΩ or 50 ΩΩΩΩ canbe selected. Th e max im umdissipation into50ΩΩΩΩ is 0.5 W. Whenever

this is attain ed, inp uts will autom aticallybe gr o un de d. “Gro unded” will be highligh ted in the “Couplin g” menu and an ov er lo ad message willbe displaye d in the AcquisitionSumm ar yfield.

Reset by rem o v in g the sign al fromth e inp ut and reselecting “DC5 0ΩΩΩΩ.”

38 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

SET UP FOR CAL AND BNC SIGNALS

UTILITY

C HAPTER O NE:

Catch a N ewWav e

1. Press

2. Press the soft key to select

and display the CAL BNC OUT menus.

3. Use these menus to choose the type of signal put out at the front CAL and rear BNC signal outputs. Set the frequency , amplitude, and pulse shape of thecalibration signal.

Sets the typ e of signal from the rear BNC connector.

Resets the CAL output to its default state: a 1 kHz 1 V square wave. TheWa v eru nn er-2 au toma ticallysets theca lib ration sign a l to its de fault when switched on.

Selects the form of the calibration signal.

Sets thepulselevel forthe CAL output (range: −1.00 to

1.00 V),u sin gthek no b.

Sets the desired freque ncy of a CAL signal in the range 500 Hz to1 MHz, usingthe knob.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 39

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

TOC

ALIBRATE THEPASSIV EPROBE

Your Waverunner-2 scope comes with a L eC roy passive probe for each channel.

First. Second. Third.

Things”).

Fourth.

T he C A L signal will be a 1 k H z square wave, 1 V p–p.

Fifth.

Sixth.

Seventh.

1MHz.

Eighth.

T urn on your Waverunner-2 scope. Insert the probe lead in the Channel 1 input. Connect the probe tip t o the C A L out put (see front panel ill ustrat ion in “ F irst

Attach the lead’s alligat or clip to the ground ring indicated by ,locatedbelowCAL.

UTILITY

Press

Turn the knob for and set the amplitude level.

Nowturntheknobfor to set the frequency in the range 500 H z to

S et channel coupling to D C 1 MΩusing “C oupling” (see previous page).

, then the soft key to select

N inth.

T enth.

I f overshoot or undershoot of t he displayed signal occurs, adjust the probe by inserting the smal l screwdriver, supplied with the probe package, into the potent iometer on the probe headand turning it clock wise or countercl ock wise t o achieve the opt imal square wave contour.

Press to turnonChannel 1.

AUTO

SETUP

Press

twice.

40 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER O NE:

Catch a N ewWav e

HOWPROBUSH

L eC roy’s ProBus probe system provides a complete measurem ent solution from probe

tip to oscilloscope display.

ProBus allow s you to con trol transparen t gain and offset direc tly from your front pan el — particularly useful for voltage, differential, and current active probes. I t uploads gain and offset corr ection factors from the ProBus E PR OM S , and automat ical ly compensates to achieve fully calibrated mea surem en ts.

T his intelligent i nterconnection bet ween your Waverunner-2 scope and a wide range of accessories offers important advantages over st andard BN C and probe ring connections. Pr oBus ensures corr ect input coupling by auto-sensing the probe type, eliminating the guesswork an d errors that occur when attenuation or ampl ification factors are set manually.

ELPSYOU

: Use the Wav er un n er -2’s rear pan el BNC sign al output topr o v ide a

TTIIPP:

pulse:

Fo rPass/Fail testing At th eo ccu r rence of eachaccepte d tr i ggerevent (TriggerOut) Whenth e scope is ready to accept a trigger event (Tr iggerRdy)

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 41

C HAPTER T WO:

In thi s ch a pter, see h ow

Tocontro ltr iggers Toset upanEdge trigger Tore-armtri ggering To determ in e level, coup lin g an d slope To use Windo wtr igger To obtain a summ ar yo f y o urtrigger and systemstatus

SimplyTrigger

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C HAPTER T WO

SimplyTrigger

Edge Tr iggeronSim p le Sign als

The Wa verunner-2 uses manywaveform capture technique s that trigger on features and conditions, which you define . These trigge rs fall into two major categories:

Edge— activated by basic w ave form fea tures or conditions such as a positive or negative slope, and holdoff

SMART Tr igger — sophisticated triggers that enable you to use basic and complex conditions for triggering.SeeChapter 8, “Trigger Sm art.”

Use the E dge trigger typefor simple signals, and the SMART Trigger typefor signals with rarer features such as glitches.

CONTROL TRIGGE RING

DELAY

Horizontal:Turn Yo ucan adjust thetrigge r’s p os ition from 0% to 100% pre-trigg e r,from left to right on thegrid. DELAY can

also be used for setting the post-trigger, in time units, up to 10 000 divisions, in increments of 0.1 division.

The trigger location is shown by the arrowat the grid bottom, as shown here at near right.

Post-trigge r delay is labe led in thetrigge r delay field, w h e rethe arrowbecomes horizontal, as show n here at far right.

LEVEL

Vertical: Turn Turn this knob to adjust the level of the trigger source or the highlighted trace. L evel defines the source voltage

at which the trigger will generate an event — a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions.

Arrow s on both sides of the grid show the threshold position. But these arrows are only visible if the trigger source is displayed and the source signal DC coupled.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 43

to adjust the trigger’s horizontal position.

to adjust the trigger’svertical threshold.

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SE T UP AN EDGE TRIGGER

SETUP

1. Press TRIGGER

to access these menus:

Use them to select the trigger source, the source’s coupling, the slope (positive or negative) and the amount of trigger holdoff by time or events.

1. Select “Edge” or “SMART”: “Edge” is selected by default.

: Once set, trigger level and coupling pass unchanged from

TTIIPP:

tr i ggertyp etotriggerty pe foreachtriggersource.

2. Select the trigger source. This could be a signal on a channel, the line voltage that powe rs the Wa verunner-2, or the EXT BNC connector.

3. Select the coupling for the trigge r sou rce .

4. Place the trigger point on the positive or negative slope of the selected source, or choose to define a window.

Whe n Windowis selected from the above menu, a menu appea rs heretha t allows youto define the window ’ s size. See page 47.

Enableholdoff to dela ytriggeringfor a defined time , or numberof events,afteraparticulartriggerevent.Use this soft key to select Time or Events,andtheknobto set theva lue. Offdeactivates the holdoff. SeeChapter 8, “Trigger S mart.”

DELAY

5. Tu rn

LEVEL

6. Tu rn

to adjust the trigger’s horizontal position, and the amount of pre-trigger, as desired.

to adjust the trigger voltage level.

44 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

TOD

ETERMINETRIGGE RLEVEL,COUPL ING AN DSLOPE

C HAPTER T WO:

SimplyTrigger

Level

a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions. The selected t rigger level is associat ed with t he chosen trigger source.

Trigger level is spec ified in volts and normally rema ins un c han ged w hen you chan ge the vertic al gain or offset. The amplit ude and range of t he trigger level are l imit ed as fol l ows:

C oupling

trigger level, you can select the coupling indepen dently for each source. Chan ge the trigger source an d you can change the couplin g. You can choose from these couplin g types:

bursts or where the use of A C coupling would shift the effective trigger level.

levels are rejected and frequenc ies below 50 H z attenuated.

capacitivehigh-pass filter network, D C is rejected an d signal frequenc ies below 50 k Hz are attenua ted. For stable triggering on med ium to high frequen c y signals.

circuit, and alow-pass filter network attenuates frequencies above 50 k H z; used for triggering on l ow frequencies.

definesthesourcevoltageatwhichthetriggercircuitwillgenerateanevent:

±5 screen divisions wit h a channel as the t rigger source ±0.5 V withEXT as the trigger source ±5 V with E X T/ 10 as t he t rigger source N one with L I N E as the trigger source (zero crossing is used).

refers t o t he t ype of signal coupling at the input of the t rigger circuit. A s wit h t he

DC: A ll the signa l's frequen c y com ponen ts are coupled to the t rigger circuit for high frequen cy

A C : T he s ignal is capacitivel y coupl ed, D C

LF REJ:Thesignaliscoupledthrougha

HF RE J: Signals are DC coupled to the trigger

Trigger level

H F: U se only when needed for triggering on high-frequency repetitive signals. H F is automatically overridden and set t o A C when incompatible with trigger characteristics such as those of S M A R T T rigger.

Slope

transition used for generating a particular trigger event. You can choose a positive or neg ative slope. L ike coupling, t he sel ected slope is associated with the chosent rigger source.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 45

determines the directionof the trigger voltage

F igure 1. E dge trigger work s on the selected edge at the chosen level. T he slope — positive here — is highlighted on the trigger ic on .

Trigger

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

TORE-A

RM ATRIGGE R

Three trigger re-arming modes — AU TO, N ORMA L , and SIN GL E — are available for all types of triggers. In addition, S T OP canc els the capture in all three modes.

AUTO

Press

to activate A U T O mode: the trace will automatically be displayed if no trigger occurs

soon after. But if a sign al does occu r, the Waverunn er-2 behaves as if in N OR M A L mo de.

NORMAL

Press

to enter NORM AL mode and continuously update the display while thereis a valid trigger. I f there is no valid trigger, the last signal is retained and the warning “ S L OW TRIG GE R” is displayed in t he t rigger st atus field.

SINGLE

Press

to enter S IN GL E m od e: the Waverunne r-2 will wait for a single trigger t o occ u r, then display the signal and stop capturing. I f no trigger occurs, you can press t his button again t o manuall y t rigger t he scope.

STOP

Press

to halt the capture made in AUTO, N ORM A L or S I N GL E re-arming modes. Press STOP to prevent capture of a new signal, or w hile a sing le-shot capture is un de r wa y to keep the last captured signal.

TOR

ECOGNIZETRIGGE RICON S

T rigger icons al low immediat e on-screen recognit ion of t he current t rigger condit ions. T here is an icon for each trigger. The more heavily marked transitions on the icon indicate t he sl ope on which the trigger will be generated. The icons are annotatedwith information on the trigger settings.

This icon, for example, represents an Edge trigger set up to trigger on the positive slope, at a level of

0.008 V , wit h a holdoff time of 50 ns.

46 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER T WO:

USE WINDOWTRIGGER

Define a region whose boundaries extend above and below the selected trigger level. A trigger event will occur whe n the signal lea ves this window region in either direction and passes into the upp er or low e r region (Fig. 2). The next trigger will occur when the signal again passes into the window region.

SimplyTrigger

1. Select

2. Then turn the knob for

As you turn the knob, a solid bar that shrinks or lengthens at the left-hand side of the grid visually indicates the window ’ s height.

TriggerLevel

to define the size of the windowregion (0.80 to 9.99 V).

UpperR egion

WIN DOW REGION

Lower Region

Time

Triggers

F igure 2. W in dow T rigger: t riggers when the sign al leaves the win dow region. T he arrows indicate wher e t ri ggers occur when the signal l eaves t he wi ndow r egion.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 47

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

T RIGGER SOU RCE

Thetriggersourcemaybeoneofthefollowing:

The acquisition channel signal (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 or CH 4) conditioned for the overall voltage gain, coupling, an dbandwidth.

The line voltage tha t powers the oscillosco p e (LINE ) . This can be use d to provide a stab le display of signals synchronous with the pow er line. Coupling and level are not relevant for this selection.

The signal applied to the EXT BNC connector (E XT). This can be used to trigge r the oscilloscope within arangeof

Level

Level defines the source voltage at which the trigger circuit will generate an event (a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions). The selected trigger level is associated with the chosen trigger source. Note that the trigger level is specified in volts and normally remains unchanged when the vertical gain or offset is modified.

TheAmplitud eand Ran g eof the trigger lev e l arelimite d as follows:

±5 screen divisions with a channel as the trigger source ±5VwithEXT/10

none with LINE as the trigger source (zero crossing is used)

±0.5 V on E XT and ±5 V with EXT/10 as thetrigger source.

Note:

Note:Note:

On ce specified, Tr igger Level andCoupling are theonly pa rameters that pa ssunch a nged fr omtriggerm ode to tr i ggermo d e foreachtr igger source.

48 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER T WO:

SimplyTrigger

OBTAIN A TRIGGER STAT USSUMMARY

Display a summary of the status of your trigger, as well as timebase , vertical sensitivity , probe attenuation, and offset and coupling for each channel.

SCOPE

STATUS

SCREEN

1. Press

to show the STATUS menus.

2. Select Acquisition.

TTIIPP:

:Press

to documen t yo urstatus summary

an d mak ea hard copy.

PANELS

Press

wheny ou h ave a setting you w ant to

reuse(seethenextchapterformoreonthis).

Press the S COPE S TA T U S button for acc ess to full-screen sum maries of your Waveru n n er-2’s systemst atus and other functional status.

See Chapter 8, “Tr iggerSm art,” formoreabo ut E dge triggerand all about the SMART Trigger types.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 49

C HAPTER T HREE:

In thi s ch a pter, see ho w

To viewsignalch an ges ov ertime To set up thedisp lay

Disp l ayYourSignal

Toset upforAn alog Per sistence Tochoose a gridsty le To save an d recal l panel setups





ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER T HREE

Displ ayPer sisten ce

Disp layYourSign al

You can use Waverunner-2 colors and tools to display you r signal on the screen.

View one, two, fou r, or eigh t grids and upto eigh t trac e s (depe nding on model) at the same time. Adjust display and grid intensity. Cho osefrom several grid sty le s. Or fill the entire screen with your waveforms using Full Screen.

: To clear your settings and make a

TTIIPP:

“fresh” start on a new waveform:

1. Connect the signal to be measured to a Waverunner-2 channel.

2. Simultaneo usly pr ess th e second and fifth menu soft keys an d to re ver t

Yo ucan person a lizeyou r W averunn er-2 disp la y, while managing color and scree n intensity automatically. The displayed signal and all related information share identifying colors chosen by you. Show signals and traces opaquely or transparently,so that overlappingobjects — traces over traces, trace sover grids — arealways visible.

Other invaluable tools and technique s, such as the Analog Persistence feature, help you displa y your wa veform and reveal its idiosyncrasies.

to th ede f au l t settings.

3. Turnoff an yunw an ted traces by pressin g A, B, C, orD.

4. PressSELECT1,2,3,or4forthe signal’s channel and choose “Coupling.” E nsure that the coupling matches the circuit’s impedance. I f not, setitcorrectlyusingthemenusoftkey.

5. PressAUTOSE TUP twice.

Thenfollo wth e steps below.

VIEW SIGNAL CHANGES OVER TIME

Use Persistence to accumulate on-screen points from many acquisitions and seeyour signa l change over time. The Wa verunner-2 persistence modes show the most frequent signal path “three-dimensionally” in intensities of the same color, or graded in a spectrum of colors.

To display y our waveform with persistence:

ANALOG PERSIST

1. Press Analog Persistence or Color Graded persistence.

DISPLAY

2. Press

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 51

to display your signal with

to displaythe “Displa y Setup” menus.

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SET UP YOUR DISPLAY

3. Use these menus to set up your display . When not using persistence, some menus are different, as indicated below.

Selects standard or XY displa y: Standardis se le ctedby defau lt. See Chapter 9, “ D ispl ay M or e,” for XY display .

Turns persistence on or off. Or press Infiniteis the default “pe rsist for” setting unde r Persistence Setup.

Sets up the persistence display (see next page). When Persistence is Off, this menu becomes Dot Join: when there are more than 400 sample points on the screen, the points are connected by line seg ments.

Accesses more display setup menus. See Chapter 9, “ D ispl ay M o re.”

Selects the grid style and number. Seepage 58.

ANALOG PERSIST

to toggleit onor off.

Used with persistence to select the displayed trace for the menu action below. When persistence is not being used, this menu is calledW’form+ Text and its knob adjusts waveform and text brightness.

Used with persistence to select the percentage of saturation:100% sprea d s the sp e c trum across the entire depth of the persistence data map; at lower values, the spectrum will saturate— brightest color or shade — at the percentage value specified. L owering this percentage causes

: At 0% intensity in Standar d display

TTIIPP:

with o ut persistence, th e wav efo r man d text disappear.

PANELS

Press

to r e cal la pa nelsetu pand to

r e turnthemto no rm albrightn e ss.

the pixels to be saturated at a lower data intensity , and makes visiblerare lyhit pix e ls not see n a t highe r percentages.

Whe n persistence is not beingu sed, this menu is calle d Grid intensity; its knob adjusts the intensity of the grid. Grids canbe brightene d , or blen d e dwith displa yed traces by reducing their intensity. Also press this menu soft key to return brightness from 0% to the default level.

52 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

SET UP FOR PERSISTENCE

C HAPTER T HREE:

Disp layYourSign al

4. Press the menu soft key for

5. Use them to set up your persistence display .

to access these menus.

Disp lays the last trace cap tured.

Selects the persistence duration, in seconds. If this w ere to be set at 1 s, for example , each captured trace w ould be displayed for one second and then deleted. The number of swe eps include d in the disp la y(upto onemillion )is indica tedat thebottom of eac h trace label. Thedefault selection is Infinite.

Selects persistence for all, or the top two labeled traces displayed. T his becomes useful when four traces or functions are show n and pe rsisten cewill not be app lied to all of them.

Selects Analog and renders the persistence data maps to the screen in intensities of thetracecolor; or sele cts ColorGraded,wherethe maps are rendered in a red-to-violet spe ctrum.

Selects the displayed trace for the menu action below.

Selectsthepercentageof saturation. Seemenu explanation on the previous page.

6. Press Return to go back to the main display setup menus.

LEAR

SWEEPS

TTIIPP:

:Press

to r e sta r t th ep e rsiste nce accum u l ati ono f po in ts — forex am p le, wh eny o u change the signal sour ce and w an t to clear the prev io us trace.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 53

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SET UP FOR PERSISTENCE AND HISTORY USING ANALOG PERSIST BU TTON

ANALOG PERSIST

7. Press

8. Use them to set up your persistence display .

Enables Persistence. The display ed time interval is the“Persist for” settingfrom PersistenceSetup.

Displays the PE RSISTE NCE SE TUP menus described on the preceding page. The number of swe ep s included in the displa y (up to onemillion) is indicatedat the bottom of eac htrace la bel. The default selection is Infinite.

Displays History menus (see next page).

54 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER T HREE:

HENUSIN G T H EANALOGPE RSI ST B UT T O N T OENTERHISTORY

Disp layYourSign al

The default num ber of segmen ts and the record length are determ ined by the “ S equence” and “ R ecord up t o” set tings i n t he T imebase menu. You can change thes e settings at any t ime, alt hough doing so will cl ear s weeps and begi n a new collect ion of data. I n H istor y mode, each sweep will be composed of a number of segments,eachwithadefinedrecordlength.

To initiate H istory data collection, properly trigger the scope; the signal will be collect ed. Persis tence will be aut omat icall y tur ned on befor e dat a collect ion, wit h the “Persist for” setting defaulted to w hatever was previously set.

To collect more than one sweep, trigger in

NORMAL

mode or pr es s

SINGLE

for the required number of sweeps. Si ngl e shot t riggering is best because there is no way to view a segmen t in a sweep earlier than the current sweep unless that sweep was saved to memory.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 55

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SET UP FOR HISTORY

9. From the PERSIST menu, select

10. Use these menus to set up your History display .

Turns History off and returns to preceding menu.

Searches through a set of segments one by one or plays throug h them in forw ard or reverse order, with a pause for each display.

Selects the typ e of segment data to be display ed belowthe grid. Timestamp display s acquisition time for each segment, time since the first segment in that sweep, and time between segments. Voltage displays five voltage parameters plus statistics. Timedisplays similar information for time parameters.

Selects the trace for display , defined by the selections below.

Selects the number of events w hen Timeor Voltage is sele cted for “Show” abov e . When Timestamp is selected, you can scroll throug h the segments one at a time by pressing the soft key, or play through them in forwa rd or reverse order by turning the knob .

Used with persistence to select the percentage of saturation:100% sprea d s the sp e c trum across the entire depth of the persistence data map; at lower values, the spectrum will saturate(brightest color or shade)at the percentage value specified. L owering this percentage causes the pixels to be saturated at a lower data intensity , and makes visible rarely hit pixels not seen at higher percentages.

56 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER T HREE:

11. To view a particular segment, from the HISTORY menu select .Thesegment selected is displayed on channel D.

12. Usethese menus to locatethesegment for display.

Automaticallydis p lays ea c hse gmen t sequ e n tiallyforward, be g inn ing with the selected segment. Press a second time to stop forward play .

Automaticallydis p lays ea c hse gmen t sequ e n tiallyback wa rd, be g in nin g with the selected segment. Press a second time to stop backward play .

Disp layYourSign al

Press the button to advance forwa rd one segment at a time,orturntheknobforwardorbackwardtorapidly loca te a segmen t.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 57

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

CHOOSE A GRID STYLE

At left arethe Standard grid styles for one, two, and four grids. Dep ending on the Wave runner-2 model, six or eight traces on six or eight grids can be shown at once (see facing page) , with their trace labels and any combination of math, zoom, and memories. Standard grids present source w aveforms versus time (for FFT, versus frequ e ncy ) . XY display, on the other hand, compares one source w ave form with another. It has its own special grids (see Chapter 9, “ Display More” ). TheParame ter-style grid is displa yed a u toma ticallywh e n p a ram e te rs are use d(see next chapter).

TOL

IN K ANDSE PARAT EOBJECTS

WI T HCOLOR

Advanced color manag ement

objects — grids, waveforms, curs ors, or text — are alw a ys visible, even w hen overlapping. S ign als and their related data are color associated. E ach trace has its own dedicated color. Persisten ce displays are automatically color matched t o the parent trace. Relatedtracesandtext,iconsandparent-daughter zoom regions are also l ink edby color.

Thechoiceof backgroundcolor

darker colors so that displayed objects will be clearly defined and recognizable. T he colors of obj ect s that aretoocloseinhuetothechosenbackgroundcolor are autom atically changed so that the objects always stand out .

Each trace has its owncol o r.

zoomed sect ions of a t race can be given their own colors, so that a single trace may have a number of colors at once: its principal color plus those of a number of expanded regions.

Tr ace-related tex t

information t hat describe measurement paramet ers, cursors, triggers, waveforms, and channels. A standard text color covering all on-screen text ex ists in the preset color schemes, or canbe chosen for custom palettes. S ee Chapter 9, “ Display M ore.”

in c ludes piec es of on-screen

ensures that

is limited t o the

But ex panded or

58 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER T HREE:

Disp layYourSign al

Waveformsource descriptions, trace l abels and the information they contain will al ways take the color of their respecti ve traces, as in this four-channel model’s Oct al-grid, eight-trace displ ay.

Most menus aredisp layed in thetext coloronly.

rel ated informat ion in t he t race col or, as does the trigger icon. Channel C oupling menu t itles are trace colored, and M ath S et-U p m en u sources have their own color.

Select

Opaque

layers. S elect aut omatically change col or, whil e grid intensity r emains constant . S ee Chapter 9, “ Dis play M ore. ”

to place overlapping waveform s one on t op of the other in normal, non-transparent

Transparent

for overlap mixing : those areas of the waveform s that overlap will

Objects are auto matical l yov e rlaidinsequence.

described in t he top t race label, the next in the second-from-top trace label, and so on in descending order t ow ard the backgroun d. Choose the order in which traces appear usin g the SE L E CT soft keys. When different types of t races are displayed , placed by defau lt in ascen d ing order from the grid at the bottom are: envelope traces, persistence traces, normal traces, and cursors (foremost onthe screen). This sequence can also be customized.

WR2-OM-E RevC ISSUED: January2002 59

T he active t rigger edge or condition shows source

With traces of the same type, the foremost is

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

Sav e an d Recal l Y ou rPan elSe tup s

Your Waverunner-2 scope allow s you to store your preferred display settings and recall them later. Or choose to recall adefault setup already installed in thescope. Storing an d reca llin gpane l se tup s is very pra ctical w h e nyou have set up elaborate zoom and math display s on multiple traces and would like to use them on another signal. The scope can store four panel setup s in volatile memory , and many more to floppy disk or the optional PC Card slot (memory card or hard disk card), in numbered files marked with their date and time of storage. You can recall them quickly and easily for later use.

SAVE PANEL SETUPS

PANELS

1. Press

to display the PANE L SETUPS menus.

Use these menus to save your preferred panel setups — to SE TUP1 in this example.

2. Select Save.

3. Sa ves to SETUP1.

Saves to SETUP2.

Saves to SETUP3.

Saves to SETUP4.

SavestoPCCardslot.

Save s to floppy disk.

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RE CALL PANE L SE T U PS

C HAPTER T HREE:

Disp layYourSign al

1. Press the soft key to select

2. Press the soft key to select

Or, to recall a default setup already stored in your scope, press the soft key to select

Or, when youstore setups to floppy disk or PC Card, press the soft key to select

The last alternative accesses the RECAL L SETUPS menu, which enables you to recall setups from a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive, or an optional portable storage device (PC memory card or hard disk card)in thePC Cardslot.

To stor e and recall the wav efo rm s them selves, see Chapter 5, “U se M ath Tools.”

and recall the setup you stored for examp le in SE TUP 3.

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C HAPTER F OUR:

In thi s ch a pter, see ho w

To control time cursors To contr ol amplitudecurso rs To use cursor s in standar d display To select a standar dp arame ter

Choose a Measur e T ool

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C HAPTER F OUR

ChooseaMeasureTool

Cur so rs : To ol s forMeas ur in g Sign al Valu es

In Standard display mode, Am p litude (or Voltage) cursors, which appea r as broke n lines or bars running across the scree n, are moved up and down the grid pixel by pixel.

Time cursors (arrows or cross-hair marke rs that movealong the w ave form) can be placed at a

desired time to read the amplitude of a signal at that time, and moved to every single point acquired. When a Time cursor is placed on a data point, a cross-bar appears at the tail of the arrow, or at top and bottom

of the cross-hair marke r. InAb solutemode , a single cursor is controlled. Readings for amplitude (using Amplitude cursors) or time and

amplitude (u sin gTime cursors)can be displaye dat the cursor location. Me a s u redvoltage am p litud e s are relativeto ground; measured timesarerelativetothetrigger point.

In Relative mode, two Amplitude or tw o Time cursors are controlled at the same time, provid ingreadin g s on the diffe ren cebetw een the tw oin amp litud e, or time andamplitude, respe c tive ly.

Amplitudes are shown in the trace label for each trace. When Time cursors are used, the time is shown below the grid. In Relative mode, the frequency corresponding to the time interval betwee n the cursors is also displayed there.

When there are few data points displayed, Time cursor positions are linearly interpolated between the data poin ts. Time cursors moveu pand down alongthese straight line seg m e nts .

CURSORS AND PERSISTENCE

When using Persistence, Amplitude cursors are the sameas in Standard Display (see above). Time cursors are vertical bars that move horizontally across the screen.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

CUR SORS IN XYDISPL AY

In XY Displa y, Absolute Amplitudecu rsors are ho rizontal an dvertica l ba rs that yo ucan moveup and do wn and from side to side across the screen. Relative Amplitude cursors are pairs of bars that move in the same w ay. Absolute and Relative Time cursors behave as they do in Standard Display

Combinations of the Amplitude values are shown on the left-hand side of the grid in the following top-tobottom order.

1. “∆Yvalue/∆X value”.....................Ratio

2. “20 ∗ log 10 (ratio)” ..........................Ratio in dB units

3. “∆Yvalue∗∆X value ”.....................Produ ct

4. “φ =arctan(∆Y/ ∆X)

rang e[–180° to + 180°]”...........................Angle (polar)

5. “r = sqrt (∆X ∗∆X+∆Y ∗∆Y)”..Radiu s ( dis tanceto origin ) . Thedefinition of ∆Xand∆Y depends on the cursor used. The table below show s how ∆Xand∆Y are defined

for each type of measurement.

Cursors

Abs

∆∆∆∆X

∆∆∆∆Y

V V

XRef YRef

Abs

–0 V

Rel

XDif–VXRef

YDif–VYRef

Org = (0,0)

–0 V

XRef

–0 V

YRef

Org = V

XRef–VXOffset YRef–VYOffset

XOffset YOffset

Rel

XDif–VXRef

YDif–VYRef

WHERE:

A A T

Abs AbsoluteTimecursors

Rel

Org

AbsoluteAmplitudecursors

Abs Rel R elat ive A mplitude cursors

Relative Time cursors Origin

V V V V

V oltag eo f theRef ere n c ec u rsoronth eX trac e

XRef

V oltag eo f theRef ere n c ec u rsoronth eY trac e

YRef

V oltage of the Difference cursor on the X trace

XDif

V oltage of the Difference cursor on the Y t race

YDif

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WAVEPILOT

C HAPTER F OUR:

Choose a Measure Tool

1. Press

; the follo wingmenu is disp la yed.

2. Use these men us to set up for parame ters. Turns off cursors (or parameters) and returns the display to grids only.

To reactivate cursors, press the soft keyfor Cursors, next in line. To reactivate parameters, press thesoft key for Measure.

Accesses cursor setup menus.

Acce sse s pa rame ter setup menu s .

AccessHistograms,JitterTrack,FFT,andTrackViewfeatures.

Acce sse s setup me nu s for pass/fail testing.

Accesses softwa reoptions like Powe r Me a su re. These software package s modify normal scope control and men u layout. This soft key is labeled only if analysis package s are load ed.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

3. Press ; the follo wingmenu is disp la yed.

4. Use these men us to set up yo ur cursors.

Selects Ampl itude (voltage), or Timeor frequency cursors.

Relativedisplays two cursors, Reference and Difference, and indicates either the voltageor timeandvoltagebetween thetwo. Absolutedisplays a single cursor that indicates either voltage compared to ground, or this andtimecomparedtotriggerpoint.

Selects the Difference minus Reference cursor, or the Difference plus Reference cursor. This appears only if XY Disp layis activated.

Controls the Reference cursor available with Relative cursors. With Track on, reference and difference cursors are controlled by this knob and move together; a constant time or voltage interval is maintained betw een them. T his tracking interval is represented by a bar (horizontal for time; verticalf or voltage)that appearsabove or t o theleft of the grid.

Controls the position of the Relativecursor. It is availab le only when Relative is selected from the ‘type” menu above.

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C HAPTER F OUR:

Choose a Measure Tool

Measur e w ithCurso r s

Cursors are imp o rtant tools tha t aid yo uin measu ringsignal valu es. Cursors are marke rs — lines, cross-ha irs, or arrow s — that you can move around the grid or the w ave form itself. Use cursors to mak e fast, accurate measurements and to eliminate guesswork. There are tw o basic types:

Time (Freq uency)cursors are markers that you move horizontally along the w ave form. Place them at a de siredlocation alongthetimeaxis to rea d the sign a l’s amp litudeat the sele ctedtime .

Ampl itude (Voltage) cursorsarelines that youmoveverticallyon the gridto measure the amplitudeof a signa l.

CONTROL THE TIM E CURSORS

DISPLAY

1. Press

2. Press

3. Press the soft key to select

and make sure that Standard is sele c ted in the top men u .

thenselect Cursors.

SINGLE

:Press

TTIIPP:

as a smooth way to stop your W av e r unn er-2 scope andall o wmeasurem ent of th edis played wavefo rm .

4. Press the soft key to select

5. Tu rn the knobfor tomovetheAbsoluteTimecursor .

Watch this cross-hair marker move up and down along your displayed w aveform. As it moves , the cursor’s time value in relation to the trigger point is shown beneath the grid, and its voltage value in the trace label.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

6. Press the soft key to select

7. Turn the knobsto movethetwoRelativetimecursors along the w ave form.

Beneath the grid the Wa verunner-2 shows the relative time and voltage difference betwee n the two cursors. When you use Relative time cursors, the Reference cursor (upw a rd-pointing arrow ) can be changed, and could be different from the trigger poin t. You mig h t placeit, for ex a m p le, at the fallinge d g eof the cap turedsig n a l’ s oscilla tions . Yo ucan movetheDifferenc ecursor (do wnward-p o inting arrow) to me a su rethe time difference anyw he re on the w av eform. Selection ↓–↑ displaysthesubtractionof thereferencefromthedifference amplitudes .

CONTROL THE AM PLITUDE CURSORS

1. Press the soft key to select

2. Press the soft key to select

: Select “↓&↑” from the “show” menu to display in

TTIIPP:

the trace label the absolute amplitude, with respect to groun d level , of the twoRelativetimecurso rs.

: TurnTrack “On” in th e Refer en ce Curso r

TTIIPP:

menu. The differ en ce betweenth e Refer en ce and Differ en ce cur sor s will rem ainth e same whenyou tur nthism e nu’s kno b, an dthe tw ocursorbars w il l mo v e in tandem . Turnth e Differen ce cursormen u knob: only this cursor’s position will change. T he linkbetw eenthetw o cursor s is indicated by a ver tical bar at the side of the gr id. Press the same menusoft keyto turnTrack “Off”.

3. Tu rn the knobfor tomovetheAbsoluteAmplitudecursor

Place it at the top of your displayed wa veform. The difference in amplitude between the cursor and the ground level (indicated by the ground leve l marke r at right of grid) is shown in the trace label.

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C HAPTER F OUR:

4. Press the soft key to select and show tw o bar cursors: Reference and Difference.

Choose a Measure Tool

5. Tu rn the knobfor

Turn trackin gon

6. Tu rn the knobfor

When you use Relative Amplitude cursors, you can make the Reference cursor different from ground level. You might place it, for example, at the base level of a square wave . You could then position the Difference cursor at the top of the w ave form. The difference betw e en the two w ou ld then give you the signal’s amplitude, indicated in the tracelabe l, as illu strated on the ne x t page.

to move the Reference cursor.

to move both cursors together.

to move the Difference cursor only.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

R elative A mplitude cursors mark out t he signal’s amplitude. Here it is 510 mV , as indicated in the trace label at top-left of screen.

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C HAPTER F OUR:

OUSECURSORS INSTAN DARDDISPL AY

Choose a Measure Tool

You can move the screen — up and down the grid pixel by pixel. A mplitudes are shown in the trace label for each trace.

Place

Time

at a desired time to read t he ampl itude of a signal at that time, and move t hem t o every singl e point acquired.

W hen you place a t ime cursor on a data point, cr oss-bars appear on the ar row and cr oss-hair mar k er s

Thetimeisshownbelowthegrid.InRelativemodethefrequencycorrespondingtothetimeinterval bet ween the cursors is also displayed there. W hen there are few data points displayed, time-cu rsor positions are l inearly interpolated bet ween the data points. T ime cursors move up and down along these straight-line segments.

Absolute

In ampl it ude ( usi ng amplit ude cursors) or t ime and amplit ude (us ing t ime cur sors). M easur ed vol t age amplitudes are relative to ground; measured times are relative to the trigger point.

Relative

differen c e between t he two in am plitud e, or time and amplitud e.

HEN INPERSISTENCEMODE

Inpersistencemode,amplitudecursorsarethesameasinStandarddisplay,whiletimecursorsare verti cal bars running down the s creen and moving across it .

Amplitude

(Frequen cy) cursors — arrow s or cross-hair markers that move along the waveform —

mo de, you control a sin gle cursor. You can display the cu rsor location’s readings for

mode, you control a pair of ampl itude or time cursors, and get readings onthe

(V oltage) cursors — broken lines or bars run n ing across

: To set time-curso ram p litude units involts ordecibels...

TTIIPP:

UTILITY

Press

to access an dsel e ct Speci alModes. Thenselect theCurso r s Measur em enu to access and use the Read time cursoramplitudes in men u to select the desir ed unit.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

Measur e Autom aticallyw ithPar ame ter s

Parameters aremeasurement toolsthat determineawiderange of signal properties. Usethemtoautomatically calculate time and voltage values . There are parameter modes for the amplitude and time domains, custom parameter groups, and parameters for pass and fail testing . You can make common measurements on one signal in either the standard voltage (amplitude) or standard time modes. On more than one signal, select parameters from a Custom category and use them to determine up to five quantities at once. Pass and fail parameterscan becustomized,too. Youcan accumulate anddisplaystatistics oneach parameter’s sweeps, average, low est, highest and standard deviation. See Chapter 11, “A nalyze with Par amet er s,” for how to customize parameters, and for a description of each.

A special display is automatically used with parameters, whose data are listed ben eath the grid (see next page for display setup). S hown here: a F ull-S creen, Quad-grid parameter display. Top of facing page:theStandard,Single-grid,parameterdisplay.

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C HAPTER F OUR:

CHOOSE A STANDARD PARAME TE R

Choose a Measure Tool

1. Press

Standa rdVol t agewill be selected by defau lt in the mode menu, shown be lo w, and a list of five para meters will appea r ben e ath the grid. This list w ill changewhe n Stand a rdTimeis sele cted . Wh i leMeasure is sele c te d, statistics accumulation (see below ) goes on, even if not shown.

2. Use these men us to set up for parame ters.

Selects the mode. StandardVolt ageme a su res for a single signal: pe a k - to-pea k(the amp litudebetw e en the maxim u mand minimu m sa mp le values), mean of all sample values, standa rd deviation, root mean square of all sample values, and signal amplitude. Standa rdTimemeasures for a single signal: period, width at 50% of amplitude, rise time at 10–90% of amplitude, fall time at 90–10% of amplitude, and the delay from the first trigger to the first 50% amplitude point.

Automaticallycalculatesthedisplayedparameters’ average, lowest, highest and standard deviation, and number of swe eps used.

, then select Measure.

Selects the trace on which the parameters are to be measured. This menu indicates those traces displaye d.

Sets thestarting point inscreen divisions for parameter measurements, using the knob. Turn Track On,usingthe soft key. Control of the starting and end points is linke d and theycan be moved together using the knob.

Sets the end point in screen divisions for parameter measurements,usingtheknob.Alsoindicates the total number of data points used for the measurements.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

DISPLAY

3. Press See the preceding chapter.

TURN OFF CURSORS AND PARAMETERS

1. Press

2. Press the soft ke yto

: To clear param eter“statistics” pre ss

TTIIPP:

to set upthe display(to se lect pa ram e te r grid sty le s, for example )using DISPL AY SETUP.

to return to theWavepilot menus, orpress .

CLEAR

SWEEPS

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TOR

ECOGNIZEPARAM E TE RSYMB OL S

C HAPTER F OUR:

Choose a Measure Tool

The algorithms that allow the Waverunner-2 to determin e pulse-waveform param eters detect the particular situations where the mathematical formulas can be applied.

S om etimes you should interpret the results with cau tion. In these cases the scope alerts you by displayingasymbolunderthegridbetweenthenameof theparameteranditsvalue.Thesesymbols act as in formation or warnin gs:

The param eter has been determ ined for several periods (up to 100), and the average of those values has been taken.

The param eter has been determined over an integral nu m ber of periods.

T he parameter has been calc ulat ed on a histogram.

Insufficient data to determine theparameter.

Amplitude histogramis flat withinstatistical fluctuations; minimumand maximum are used to assigntop and base.

Only an upper limit could be est im ated (the actual value of t he parameter may be sm aller than the displayed value).

T he signal is partially in overflow .

T he signal is partially in underflow.

The signal is partiall y i n overflow and in underflow.

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C HAPTER F IVE:

In thi s ch a pter, see ho w

Toset upformath To do multiplication ToperformanFFT To do summ ed aver agin g Tost ore and recall wa ve fo rms To obtaina wav efo rmor mem or ystatus repo rt

Use M ath T ools

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C HAPTER F IVE

Use Math To o ls

MakeMathEasy

With Wave runne r-2 math tools you can perform mathematical functions on a wa veform displayed on any channel, or recalled from any of the four reference memories M1, M2, M3, or M4. To do computations in sequence, you can also set up any trace of A, B, C, or D for math.

For example: you could set up Trace A as the difference betwe en Channels 1 and 2, Trace B as the average of A, and Trace C as the integral of B. You could then display the integral of the averaged differencebetw ee n Channe ls 1 and 2. Any trace and function can be chained to another trace and function. For example, you could make Trace A an average of Channel 1, Trace B an FFT of A, and Trace C a zoom of B.

Wa verunner-2 math tools are available in these standard and optional packages:

Arith m etic Sum (add), Difference(subtract), Product (multiply) , Ratio (divide) Ave raging Sum med (linear) of up to 4000 swee p s or ContinuousAverage

STANDARD MAT H

Included with all Waverunner- 2 oscilloscopes

E XT E N DE D MAT H AN D MEASUREMENT

OPTION (E MM)

Alltools in Standard Math plus:

WAV E ANALYZER

OPTION

(WAVA)

Alltools in Ex tended Math plus:

Extrema envelope, floor, roof FFT Fast Fourier Transform to 50000 points; Power Spectrum, Phase,

Magnitude; All FFT Windows

Functions Identity, Negation,(Sin x)/x Resample (deskew) Rescale E nhanced Resolution (E RES) Functions Absolute Value, Derivative, Exp (base e), Exp (base 10), Identity ,

Integral,Log(basee),Log(base10),Reciprocal,Square,Square Root

Trending Histograms for 200 events

Ave raging

FFT+ Fast Fou rie r Tra ns form to one million poin ts; FFT Ave rag e ;

Histograms Histog ram s , Histog ram Pa ram e ters (u pto 2 billion eve n ts)

Summe d , or linear, Averag eof up to one millionwa veforms; Continuous Average

Power Averaging, Pow er Density , Real, Real + Imaginary

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SETUPTODOWAVEFORMMATHEMATICS

After connecting your signal to a Wave runne r-2 channel (Channel 1 in this example), do the following:

1. Press

2. Press the soft ke yto

3. Press to make Trace A a zoom of Channel 1.

4. Press the soft key for

5. Press the soft key to select and display the SETUP OF A menus, show n next page.

TOSETU

First.

to select CHANNE L 1 and displaytheWa verunne r-2’s ba sicmenus.

PFORMATHANOTHERWAY

MATH

TOOLS

Press

to display the Z OOM + M A T H menus.

Second.

Select or one of the other trac es.

NNOOTTEE:

pro ce ss ing title foreach

:Awaveform

displayed tr ace will be sho wn inits tr ace label. If th e title is missing, the math function

Third.

Press theso ft key to select

cannot be done and the contents of th etrace wi l l remain un ch an ged.

Fourth.

Follow the first three steps in the procedu re above.

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C HAPTER F IVE:

USE A MATH TOOL

Use these menus to choose and set up any math tool. As an example, select the arithmetic tool Product to multip lyChan nel 1 byChann el 2.

Enables math.

6. Press to select Ar ith m etic.

7. Press to select Pro duct.

UseMathTools

8. Press the soft key or turn the knob to select Channel 1 as the source trace . When using Arithmetic, this sets one of the two operand sources. Using other math types, this menu may be in a different position and may set the signal offset, number of swee ps, or compensate for anyDC offset in thesignal.

9. Press the soft key or turn the knob to select the trace bywhichthe source traceCha n n e l 1 will bemultiplied .

Now go on to set up your trace as an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) function (next page).

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

PERF ORM AN FF T OPE RAT ION

Continuing from the preceding steps, set up Channel 1 for FFT. Fast Fourier Transform will conve rt your time domain wave form into a frequ ency domain spectrum similar to that of an RF spectrum analyzer display. But unlike the analyzer, which has controls for span and resolution bandwidth, with the Wa verunner-2 you determine the FFT span using the scope’s sampling rate (see Chapter 10, “U se A dvanced M at h Tool s” ).

10. Press the soft key to select FFT fromtheMathTypemenu.

: Dur ing FFT computation ,

TTIIPP:

the FFT sign is show nbelow

Spectra will be shown with a linear frequency axis running from zero to the Nyquist frequency. The frequency scale factors (Hz/ div) are in a 1–2–5 sequence. The processing equation is display ed at the bottom of thescreen, together with thethreekeyparameters that characterize an FFT spectrum:

Transform size N (number of input points) Nyquist frequency (= ½ sample rate)

Frequency increment, ∆f, betw e en two successive points of the spectrum.

These parameters are related as: N yquist frequency = ∆f ∗ N/ 2, where∆f = 1/ T, and T is the duration of the input wa veform record (10 ∗ time/ div). The number of output points is equal to N /2.

11. Press the soft key to select Pow er Spectrum from the menu

Pow erSpectrum is the signal pow er, or magnitude, represe nted on a logarithmic vertical scale: 0 dBm corresponds to the voltage (0.316 V peak ), which is equivalent to 1 mW into 50 Ω. Pow er Spectrum is

suitab lefor characte rizingsp ectratha t contain isolatedpea k s (d Bm).

th egr id . The comp u tationcan take a while on long timedom ainrecor ds, but yo u can stopit at anytime by pr essing any front panel button.

Other FFT functions available in this menu depend on the Wave runne r-2 math options installed in your scope(seepage77).

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C HAPTER F IVE:

Phaseis measured with respect to a cosine whose maximum occurs at the left-hand edge of the screen, at

which point it has 0°. Similarly, a positive -goingsine w ave starting at the left-ha ndedgeof the screenhas a – 90° phase. Phase is displayed in degrees.

Pow erDens ity :Sign a l po we r normalizedto the band width of the e q u iv a lent filter associatedwith theFFT calculation. Suitable for characterizing broadband noise. Pow e r Density is display ed on a logarithmic vertical axis calibrated in dBm. It is available only w ith the W ave Analyzer option for the Wave runner-2.

Magn itude: The p e ak signa l am p litudeis rep re sented on a line ar scale, in thesame un its as theinput signa l.

Real, Real + Imaginar y, Imaginar y : Complex result of the FFT processing in the same units as the input

signal. These are only available with the W ave Analyzer option.

UseMathTools

12. Nowturn the kno b to sele ct Von Hann

AC forces the DC component of the input signal to zero before FFT processing, and improves the amplitude

resolu tion. Thisis esp eciallyuseful wh en you r inpu t has a largeDC comp on e n t. FFT window s define the bandw idth and shape of the FFT filter. (See Chapter 10, “U se A dvanced M ath

Tools,” for thewindo ws’ filter param e ters .) VonHann (Hanning) w indows reduce leakage and improve amplitude accuracy. But they also reduce

frequency resolution. Rectangularwindows should be used when the signal is transient (completely contained in the time-domain

window ) or you know it to have a fundame ntal frequency component that is an integer multiple of the fundame ntal frequency of the w indow. Other signa l types w ill show varying amounts of spe ctral leakage and scallop loss when you use a Rectangular window. To correct this, use another window type.

Hamming reduces lea k a geand improves amp litude accu racy, but also red u ce s freq u e ncyreso lution. Flat Top provide s e x c e llent amplitudeaccurac ywith mode ra te leakag ereduction , bu t also redu ces freq u e n cy

resolution. Black m an–Harrisw indow s reducelea kageto a minimum, but redu ce frequency resolution.

13. InthefinalFFT step,pressthesoftkeytoselect thesourcetrace.

The “before” and “after” of your FFT computation is shown on the next page .

andpressthesoft keyto select AC.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

FFT PowerSpectrum:Thetopgridshowsthewaveforminthetimedomain,whilethebottomone show s it in the frequency domain, after F F T Power Spectrum has been applied. W ith the cursor m easure tool (positioned here on the left-most peak of the F F T trace) you can read either the tim e or frequen c y of your waveform. Trac e A ’s label indicates 50 M Hz per division in the frequen c y domain. T he memory status field beneath the grids gives other FFT information.

To move the cursor from one waveform to the other, press

knob until the cu rsor reaches the end of the wa veform. T he cu rsor will jump to the other waveform, and the indication below the grid will display “T ime” if the cursor is on the top waveformor “Freq” if ont he F FT waveform.

then keep turning the

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C HAPTER F IVE:

DO SUMMED AVERAGING

Now makea Summed Average of your wave form — again, going on from the previous steps. Averag ing is normallyused to elimina te noise.

14. Press the soft key to select Ave rage fromtheMathTypemenu.

UseMathTools

15. Press the soft key to select the typ e of averaging you w ant

you specify the number of acquisitions to be averaged. Co n tin uo us averaginghelps to elimina te the effects of noise by continuously acquiring newdata and adding the new w a veforms into the averaging buffer. The averaged data is updated at regular intervals and prese nted on screen. You determine the importance of newdata vs. old data by assigning a w eighting factor. continuous averaging (the default selection) allows you to make adjustments to a system under test and to see the results right aw ay.

The Waverunner-2 starts the calculation immediately.

16. Turntheupperknobtosetthenumberof sweeps to 4000)

This is counted in the trace label, as show n here, at right:

If the Continuous Averageis selected, the “for” menu becomes “with…weighting”. Useit todefinetheweight.

(See Chapter 10, “ Us e A dv anced M at h To ols ,” for the difference between summed and continuous averaging.)

.ForSummed averaging,

(up

17. Finally , press the soft key or turn the knob to select the source trace:

The type of result you can expect is illustrated on the next page.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

S ummed A verage: N oise evident in t he signal shown in the top t race has beeneliminated from the averaged wa veform on the lower grid. The calculation was stopped after 206 sweeps. T he number of points used in the calculation is shown in the information field at the bott omof t he screen. The same number of points means that all points were used in the calculation.

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Sav e an d Recall W avefo rms

C HAPTER F IVE:

UseMathTools

Save your waveforms to internal reference memory — M1, M2, M3 or M4 — or to floppy disk or the optional PC Card slot (Memory card or HDD). Recall them later for further analysis. You could zoom them or perform more math.

1. Press

WAVE

STORAGE

and then the soft key for

2. Use these menus to store your display ed w ave form.

Stores the w a veform, which you first select from the menu below, to the memory or floppy disk (also selected below) .

NNOOTTEE:

: For each unit of record length per channel, or per zoom an d mathtrace, a point canbe stored in the w avefo r mr efer en ce memories M1, M 2, M 3, or M 4.

Selects the channel or trace whose wa veform you w ish to store .

Selects the internal reference memory , floppy, or optional storage device the wa veform is to be saved to.

See Chap ter 12, “Use Waver unner-2 wit h PC,” for how to save w aveforms in ASCII format.

3. Presstogobacktothe“W’FORM”menusinordertorecallthe wavef orm you have st ored.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

4. Pressthe soft key for

5. These menus will be displayed. Use them to recall your waveform.

Recalls the wa veform from memory or portable storage device.

Recalls the selected waveform to the selected trace (see menus below).

Selec ts thememo ry in w hic hthe wav eform youwish to display is stored.

Selects the trace on which the recalled w ave form is to be displayed.

: Tr an sferwav efor mdata to PC and use the data for calculations with spr eadsheet orm ath

TTIIPP:

softwar e. To do this, sav e y o urwavefo rms to flo p p yorano p tio n alstorage device inth e ASCII form at. The Waverunner-2 can save to floppy in ASCII traces of up to 50000 points. You should remember that waveforms stored in ASCII cannot be called back into the oscilloscope. See Chapter 12, “ Use Waverunner-2 with PC.”

86 ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER F IVE:

UseMathTools

OBTAIN A WAVEFORM OR M EMORY STATU S REPORT

Display a summary of the status of your channels, zoom and math functions, wave form memories , and displayed traces. Viewthe settings on your vertical and horizontal controls. Check on how much memory you r Wa verunner-2 scope is using for storage of records. Clear and freeup memory .

SCOPE

STATUS

1. Press

to show the STATUS menus.

2. Press the soft key to select Waveform, then the soft key for the w ave form status summary of choice.

3. Press the soft key to select Memory Usedto obtain a similar rep ort on what you have stored and how

much memory is available. Memories occupied by wave forms will be boxed, and empty ones indicated as such. You can also clea r occupied memories by pressing the corresponding menu soft keys.

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C HAPTER S IX:

In thi s ch a pter, see ho w

To print your display using the Waverunner-2 internal printer To print orplot yo u rdisp l a ywithanextern alpr i nterorplotter To create TIFF and BMP image files To store and retrieve floppy- disk, PC M emory- card and hard- disk-card files To give custo mn ames to yourfiles and create directories To add ordelete file directories To cop yfiles fromon e por table stor age device to anoth er

Docum en t Yo urWork

ISSUED: January2002 WR2-OM-E Rev C

C HAPTER S IX

Docume nt YourWo rk

MakeaH ardCopy

Mak e a hard copy of your displayed traces and screen data using the scope’ s optional internal printer. Or print to an exte rnal printer or plotter usin gthe rea r GPIB, RS-232-C, or Ce n tronics port. CreateTIFF andBMP image files with the scope and save them to floppy disk, or optional PC memory or hard disk card.

UTILITY

1. Press

2. Then press the soft key for

to display the UTIL ITIE S men us.

Use them to mak e a hard copy of your screen.

to access these menus.

3. Press to select theoptional internal printer, or another device to print or save to (see next page).

4. Press to turn the auto-print function on or off: On will print a hard copy after every acquisition.

5. Pressorturntoexpandthewaveformandshowmoredetail.

: Connect an exter nal p rinterorplo tte r

TTIIPP:

using one of the ports on the rear of your Waverunner-2 scope. Print or plot to an exter nal device selecte dfro mthe“outp ut to ” menu. A wide range of printers and plotters canbeuse d.

6. Press or turn to select the page format.

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P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

7. Press

SCREEN

to print a copy of the screen display .

TTIIPP:

:Press

SCREEN

w h ilep r intin g to cancel.

PRINT, PLOT, OR COPY

1. Press the soft key to select a port, the PC Card slot, or f loppy-disk drive:

2. Pressthesoft key to select a printer, plotter,or graphic protocol (TIFF, BMP,or

HPGL ):

Other menus will appe ar according to your selection. The “plot size” and “pe n number” menus appe ar when a plotter is selected. The “background” menu becomes available whe n a color or compressed TIFF or BMP graphic protocol is used. This gives you the choice betw ee n a black or white background for a screen image. The Waveru nn er-2 assign s file name s a u toma ticallywhen copy in gto flop p yor optiona l storagedevice (s e e pa g e91).

3. Press the soft key for

SCREEN

4. Press

to print, plot,or save acopyof thescreendisplayto a printer, plotter, or graphic protocol.

AUTO

SETUP

ZERO DELAY SETUPSTOPAUTONORMALSINGLE

DELAY LEVEL

TIME / DIV

PANELS

UTILITIES

DISPLA Y

STANDBY

RETURN

WAVE

TOOLS

STORAGE

TRIGGER

OFFSET

CHANNEL

SELECT

VOLTS / DIV

VmVnss

SETUP

TIMEBASE

ZOOM + MATH

ZOOM

SCOPEMEASURE

CLEAR

STATUS

SWEEPS

ALL INP UTS

Ω

50 5Vrms

Ω

1M 16pF 400Vpk CAT II

POSITIONPOSITION

RESET

ZOOM

MATH TOOLS

ANALOG

PERSIST

SCREEN

CAL

to start a new page each time you perform Step 4.

R S -232-C print er cabl ing: C onnect your scope to a variety of external print ers using t he rear R S-232-C port. You could also conn ec t to PC via GPI B, and use the com puter to con trol a printer connected via RS-232-C . See C hapter 12, “U se Waverunner-2 wit h PC,” for computer cabling.

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LeCroy Waverunner-2 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual