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LeCroy Corporation
700 Chestnut Ridge Road
Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977–6499
Tel: (845) 578 6020, Fax: (845) 578 5985
Internet: www.lecroy.com
© 2002 by LeCroy Corporation. All rights reserved. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions.
Specifications subject to change.
LeCroy, ProBus and SMART Trigger are registered trademarks, and ActiveDSO, ScopeExplorer, WaveAnalyzer and
Waverunner are trademarks, of LeCroy Corporation. Centronics is a registered trademark of Data Computer Corp. Epson
is a registered trademark of Epson America Inc. Mathcad is a registered trademark of MATHSOFT Inc. MATLAB is a
registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. Microsoft, MS and Microsoft Access are registered trademarks, and Windows
and NT trademarks, of Microsoft Corporation. PowerPC is a registered trademark of IBM Microelectronics. DeskJet,
ThinkJet, QuietJet, LaserJet, PaintJet, HP 7470 and HP 7550 are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company.
Manufactured under an ISO 9000
Registered Quality Management System
www.lecroy.com to view the
Visit
certificate.
LTXXX-OM-E Rev B
This electronic product is subject to
disposal and recycling regulations
that vary by country and region.
Many countries prohibit the
disposal of waste electronic
equipment in standard waste
receptacles.
For more information about proper
disposal and recycling of your
LeCroy product, please visit
www.lecroy.com/recycle.
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
FIRST TH INGS
WhenYourW averunneris Deli vered …...........................................................................................3
CHE CK THAT YOU HAVE E VE RYTHING ..................................................................................................3
BE SURE TO RE AD THIS WARRANTY .........................................................................................................3
TAK E ADVANTAGE OF MAINTENANCE AGRE E MENTS ..................................................................4
OBTAIN ASSISTANCE .........................................................................................................................................4
RETURN A PRODUCT FOR SERVICE OR REPAIR ..................................................................................4
STAY UP-TO-DATE ...............................................................................................................................................4
Saf etyFirst
OPERATE IN A SAFE ENVIRON ME NT .......................................................................................................6
GET TO KNOW THE W ARNING SYMBOL S...............................................................................................6
CHOOSE THE CORRECT POWER SOURCE ...............................................................................................7
MAINTAIN POWE R GROUND.........................................................................................................................7
REPL ACE WITH THE CORRE CT FUSES......................................................................................................8
CL E AN YOUR W A VE RUNNE R (BUT LET US MAINTAIN IT)..............................................................8
Upan dRun ning..............................................................................................................................9
GET TO KNOW WAVERUNNER — FRON T PANEL ...............................................................................9
INSTALL AND POWE R UP.................................................................................................................................9
GET TO K NOW W AVERUNNER — BACK PANE L ................................................................................10
INITIALIZE ............................................................................................................................................................12
CHE CK YOUR W A VE RUNNER SYSTEM....................................................................................................12
ADD AN OPTION?..............................................................................................................................................13
UPDATE TO THE LATEST FIRMWARE ? ....................................................................................................13
SAVE THE SCRE E N (AND ENERGY)..........................................................................................................13
DO YOU PRE FER YOUR CONTROL S WITH SOUND AND AUTO-REPE AT? .............................14
........................................................................................................1
............................................................................................................3
..........................................................................................................................6
PPAARRTTOONNEE::GGEETTTTIINNGGSSTTAARRTTEED
CHAPTER ONE:
ViewYourWav efor m......................................................................................................................17
USE TIME/ DIV TO ADJUST THE TIMEBASE .........................................................................................19
ADJUST SENSITIVITY AND POSITION .....................................................................................................20
ZOOM AND SCROLL AUTOMATICALLY..................................................................................................20
USE THE POSITION AND ZOOM CONTROLS.......................................................................................22
SET UP THE TIMEBASE ...................................................................................................................................23
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 iii
CATCH A NEW WAVE
...............................................................17
D .............................15
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
SET THE COUPLING......................................................................................................................................... 24
SET UP FOR CAL AND BNC SIGNAL S ....................................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER TWO:
Edge Tr iggero nSimple Signal s.....................................................................................................29
CONTROL TRIGGE RING ................................................................................................................................29
SET UP AN EDGE TRIGGER .........................................................................................................................30
USE WINDOW TRIGGER .................................................................................................................................33
TRIGGE R SOURCE .............................................................................................................................................34
OBTAIN A TRIGGER STATUS SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 35
CHAPTER THREE:
DisplayPersistence........................................................................................................................37
VIEW SIGNAL CHANGES OVER TIME ..................................................................................................... 37
SET UP YOUR DISPLAY....................................................................................................................................38
SET UP FOR PE RSISTE NCE ............................................................................................................................ 39
CHOOSE A GRID STYL E .................................................................................................................................40
Savean dRecallYourPanelSetups.................................................................................................42
SAVE PANEL SE TUPS ........................................................................................................................................42
RECALL PANE L SE TUPS..................................................................................................................................43
CH APTER FOUR :
Meas ure wit hCursors....................................................................................................................4 5
CONTROL THE TIME CURSORS .................................................................................................................. 45
CONTROL THE AMPLITUDE CURSORS...................................................................................................46
Meas ure Automati c all ywi t hPar a meters........................................................................................50
CHOOSE A STANDARD PARAMETER ....................................................................................................... 51
TURN OFF CURSORS AND PARAME TERS...............................................................................................52
SIMPLYT RIGGER
..................................................................... 2 9
DISPLAY YOURSIGNAL
CHOOSE A M EASURE TOOL
...................................................... 3 7
................................................ 4 5
CH APTER FI VE:
Make MathEasy............................................................................................................................55
SET UP TO DO W AVEFORM MATHEMATICS.........................................................................................56
USE A MATH TOOL ...........................................................................................................................................57
PE RFORM AN FFT OPERATION .................................................................................................................. 58
DO SUMMED AVERAGING ............................................................................................................................61
Savean dRecallW avef orms............................................................................................................63
OBTAIN A WA VE FORM OR ME MORY STATUS REPORT................................................................... 65
CHAPTER SIX:
Make a Har dCopy.........................................................................................................................67
PRINT, PL OT OR COPY ....................................................................................................................................68
Manage Flop pyorCard Files.........................................................................................................69
CUSTOMIZE FILE NAMES..............................................................................................................................70
ADD A NE W DIRECTORY...............................................................................................................................71
USE M ATH TOOLS
.................................................................... 5 5
DOCUMEN T YOUR WORK
......................................................... 6 7
iv ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
Table of Contents
COPY FILES ...........................................................................................................................................................72
PPAARRTTTTWWOO::LLOOOOKKIINNGGDDEEEEPPEER
CHAPTER SEVEN:
Choosea Sampl ing Mode.............................................................................................................. 77
SINGLE-SHOT — WAVERUNN ER’S BASIC CAPTURE TE CHNIQUE ............................................77
RIS — FOR HIGHER SAMPL E RATE S.........................................................................................................78
ROL L — DISPLAY IN RE AL -TIME ................................................................................................................78
SEQUENCE — WORKING WITH SEGME NTS........................................................................................79
PAIRING CHANNELS ........................................................................................................................................80
Use a Sampli ng Mode.....................................................................................................................81
SET UP FOR SINGL E-SHOT OR RIS ............................................................................................................81
SET UP FOR SE QUE NCE CAPTURE ............................................................................................................82
OBTAIN A SEQUENCE STATUS SUMMARY.............................................................................................83
OR SAMPL E EXTERNALLY.............................................................................................................................84
CHAPTER EIGHT:
Hol dOff by Time orEvent s......................................................................................................... 87
HOLD OFF BY TIME ..........................................................................................................................................87
HOLD OFF BY E VE NTS ...................................................................................................................................88
TriggerSMART ............................................................................................................................. 89
CATCH A GLITCH ...............................................................................................................................................89
CAPTURE RARE PHENOME NA ....................................................................................................................93
TRIGGE R ON INTE RVALS ..............................................................................................................................96
QUALIFY A SIGNAL .........................................................................................................................................100
TRIGGE R ON L OST SIGNALS .....................................................................................................................103
TRIGGE R ON TV SIGNALS...........................................................................................................................106
TRIGGE R PATTERN.........................................................................................................................................108
A QUESTION OF TIM E BASE
TR IGGER SMART
...................................................................8 7
R.............................. 75
...............................................7 7
CH APTER NINE:
Tra nsformYo urVision................................................................................................................. 113
“Paint” YourDisplay....................................................................................................................116
CHANGE YOUR PAL E TTE ............................................................................................................................117
Set Up XY Displa y........................................................................................................................120
CHAPTER TEN:
ComputeExtremaW aveforms......................................................................................................125
Rescale andAssignUnits.............................................................................................................12 7
Enhance Resolution.....................................................................................................................128
Do Morew ithFFT .......................................................................................................................132
DO FFT AVE RAGE ............................................................................................................................................132
DO ADDITIONAL PROCE SSING ................................................................................................................132
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 v
DISPL AY M ORE
.......................................................................113
USE ADVAN CED MATH TOOLS
............................................ 125
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
USE CURSORS WITH FFT ..............................................................................................................................132
SET FFT SPAN .....................................................................................................................................................135
Use an Adv a nced MathFuncti on.................................................................................................13 7
ResampletoDeskew....................................................................................................................138
Plo tTr ends................................................................................................................................... 139
READ TRENDS...................................................................................................................................................141
CH APTER ELEVEN:
Use CustomParameters............................................................................................................... 145
CUSTOMIZE A PARAMETER .......................................................................................................................146
Test forPass and Fail...................................................................................................................147
SET UP A PASS/ FAIL TE ST...........................................................................................................................147
PASS/ FAIL TEST ON A MASK .....................................................................................................................148
MAKE A WAVEFORM MASK ........................................................................................................................149
CHANGE A TEST ACTION............................................................................................................................149
Choosea Par am eter......................................................................................................................15 3
CH APTER TWELVE:
Tra nsferData andImage sto PC.................................................................................................. 16 1
EXPLORE YOUR SCOPE ................................................................................................................................162
MONITOR YOUR REMOTE CONTROL OPERATIONS.....................................................................163
SaveWav eform sinASCII............................................................................................................. 16 4
SAVE IN AN ASCII FORMAT.........................................................................................................................165
Use ASCII Formats......................................................................................................................167
SAVE TO SPREADSHEET...............................................................................................................................167
PL OT A WA VEFORM IN SPREADSHE ET ................................................................................................170
USE MATHCAD ..................................................................................................................................................171
USE MATL AB ......................................................................................................................................................173
PPAARRTTTTHHRREEEE::WWAAVVAAOOPPTTIIOON
CH APTER THIRTEEN:
A Val uableTool forWavefo rmAnalys is........................................................................................177
SET UP FOR HISTOGRAMS ..........................................................................................................................177
PARAMETER MATH.........................................................................................................................................185
ANALYZE WITH PARAMETERS
USE WAVE RUNN E R WITH PC
N ................................175
PARAMETERS
...............................................................177
.....................................145
.......................................161
CH APTER FOURTEEN:
Createan dViewa Histogram...................................................................................................... 191
SETTING BINN ING AND SCAL E ...............................................................................................................196
CHOOSING HISTOGRAM PARAMETERS...............................................................................................200
USING ME ASURE ME NT CURSORS ...........................................................................................................201
ZOOMING SEGME NTED TRACE S............................................................................................................203
CHAPTERFIFTEEN:
The oryof Op eration....................................................................................................................205
MAKIN G HI STOGRAMS
HOW HISTOGRAMS WORK
.............................................191
............................................205
vi ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
Table of Contents
DSO PROCESS.....................................................................................................................................................206
PARAMETER BUFFER .....................................................................................................................................206
CAPTURE OF PARAMETER EVENTS .......................................................................................................207
HISTOGRAM PARAMETERS.........................................................................................................................207
ZOOM TRACES AND SEGMENTED WAVEFORMS ............................................................................208
HISTOGRAM PEAKS........................................................................................................................................208
BINN ING AND MEASURE ME NT ACCURACY......................................................................................209
CHAPTERSIXTEEN:
avg ................................................................................................................................................211
fwhm.............................................................................................................................................212
fwxx ..............................................................................................................................................213
hampl............................................................................................................................................214
Hbase...........................................................................................................................................215
high...............................................................................................................................................216
hmedian........................................................................................................................................217
hrms..............................................................................................................................................218
htop...............................................................................................................................................219
low................................................................................................................................................220
m axp.............................................................................................................................................221
m od e.............................................................................................................................................222
p c t l................................................................................................................................................223
p ks................................................................................................................................................224
range.............................................................................................................................................2 26
sigma............................................................................................................................................227
to t p................................................................................................................................................22 8
xapk..............................................................................................................................................229
APPENDI X:
Inst rument Ar c hitectu reOv er view...............................................................................................231
PROCESSORS.......................................................................................................................................................231
ADCs .......................................................................................................................................................................231
MEMORIES...........................................................................................................................................................231
RIS............................................................................................................................................................................231
TRIGGE R SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................231
AUTOMATIC CAL IBRATION ........................................................................................................................232
DISPLAY SYSTE M ..............................................................................................................................................232
INTERFACE AND PANE L SETUPS.............................................................................................................232
REMOTE CON TROL ........................................................................................................................................232
Sp ecif icati ons................................................................................................................................23 4
MODEL S................................................................................................................................................................234
ARCHI TECTURE AND SPE CI F I CATIO NS
HISTOGRAM PARAMETERS
..........................................211
................................... 2 31
ACQUISITION SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................234
TIMEBASE SYSTEM ..........................................................................................................................................235
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 vii
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
TRIGGE RING SYSTEM...................................................................................................................................236
SMART TRIGGER TYPES...............................................................................................................................236
AUTOSE TUP........................................................................................................................................................237
PROBES .................................................................................................................................................................237
COLOR WAVEFORM DISPL AY ....................................................................................................................237
ANAL OG PE RSISTENCE DISPL AY............................................................................................................237
ZOOM EXPANSION TRACES.......................................................................................................................237
RAPID SIGNAL PROCESSING .....................................................................................................................238
INTERNAL W AVEFORM MEMORY ...........................................................................................................238
SETUP STORAGE ..............................................................................................................................................238
MATH TOOL S .....................................................................................................................................................238
MEASURE TOOLS.............................................................................................................................................239
EXTENDED MATH AND MEASUREMENTS OPTION......................................................................239
W A VE ANALYZER OPTION...........................................................................................................................239
SPECIAL APPLICATION SOL UTIONS......................................................................................................239
INTERFACE .........................................................................................................................................................240
OUTPUTS..............................................................................................................................................................240
GENE RAL ..............................................................................................................................................240
GL O SSARY O F TECHNICAL TERMS
...................................................................243
v iii ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
I NTRO DUCTION
Ab out thisManual
Like the Wave runner scope itself, this manual is designed to make your measurements as easy as “1–2–3.” Each
section show s youstep by step howto use the oscillosco p eto solvesimpleor complexproble ms.
Use the manual with Waverunner in front of you. Then you’ll see clearly just what is being referred to; and you
can immediately put into action what is described.
The manual has two main parts:
Part One, “G etting St arted,” is for newusers and basic operations. It explains the most important
Wa verunner features, and shows you how to apply them. Use it when starting out and for getting quick results.
Part Two, “L ooking D eeper ,” goes into more detail. It explains how to perform complex measurements
using more advanced Waverunner functions. It also looks more deeply into operations covered in Part One.
Use it for tackling demanding tasks, or as a reference for understanding better how your scope works.
Consult the glossary for clarification of oscilloscope and relatedterms.
As an additional guide, each chapter is prefaced by a summary of its contents.
Wa tch for panels and sections throughout the manual marked by these icons:
s offer additional hints on howto get the most out of Wave runner actions or features.
TTIIPPs
s bring to your attention important information you should know.
NNOOTTEEs
The sections marked by the mag nifyin gglass , and printed in italic text, “zoom” on particular
topics. They offer more information on the subject, whe re appropriate.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 1
F IRST T HINGS...
In this preface, see ho w
Toma kesureyo uhaveeverythin g
To operate w ithsafety
To get to kno wyo urWav erunn erscope
Toinstalland powerup
To initialize
To check th e systemstatus
To install n ewsoftware andfirmware
To activate the scr e e nsaver
To use men us, men u button s and kno bs
To cho ose button and kno b pr efer en ces
First
2 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
F IRST T HINGS
WhenYo urWav erun n eris Deliver ed
CHECKTHAT YOU HAVE EVERYTHING
First, verify that all items on the packing list or invoice copy have been shipped to you. (The items are also
listed be lo w.)Second, chec kthe SYSTEM STATUS disp la yonceyo u r W ave runn e r oscillosco p eis installed (see
page 12). Contact your nearest LeCroy customer service center or national distributor if anything is missing or
damaged. If there is something missing or damage d, and you do not contact us immediately , we cannot be
responsiblefor replace me nt.
The following is shipped with the standard Wa verunner scope:
10:110MΩPP006 Passive Probe — one per channel
AC Powe r Cord and Plug
Performan ceor Calibration Certificate
Front Scope Cover
Two 250 V Fuses
Operator’s M anual
RemoteControlManual
Quick R eference Guide
Declaration of Conformity.
NNOOTTEE:
other warranties, expressed or implied,
including but not limited to anyimp lied
warranty of merchantability, fitness, or
adequacy for any particular purp o se or
use. L eCroy shall not be liable for any
special, incidental, or con se quen tial
damages, w h eth erin contr act or
oth er w ise. The customeris respo n sible
fo rthe tr ans po r ta tionan dinsu ra nce
ch arges forth eretu r nof pro d u cts to
the service facility . L eCroy will return
all pro ducts underw arran tywith
tr a nspo rt prepaid .
: The warr an ty belowreplaces all
BE SURE T O RE AD T H IS WARRANTY
The Waverunner oscilloscope is warranted for normal use and operation, within specifications, for a
period of three years from shipment. L eCroy will either repair or, at our option, replace any product
r e turned to one of ourauth orizedserv i cecen te rs withinthis pe riod. However, inorde rto do th iswe
must first examine the product and find that it is defective due to workmanship or materials and not
due to misuse, neglect, accident, orabnor m al con dition s oroper ation.
Spare and replacemen t parts, andrepair s, all hav e a 90-day warr an ty.
Th e oscillosco p e’s firm ware has beentho r o ugh lytested and is pre sum e d to be functio nal.
Never th ele ss, it is supplie d with o ut warran tyof an ykin d cov erin g detailed per fo r m an ce. Products no t
made by L eCroyare cov er ed solelyby the w ar r an tyof the or iginal equipmen t man ufacture r.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 3
F IRST T HINGS
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF MAINTENANCE AGREEMEN TS
W e offer a variety of services under the heading of Maintenance Agreements. These give extended warranty
and allow you to budget maintenance costs after the initial three-year w arranty has expired. Installation,
training, enhancements, and on-site repairs — among other services — are available through special
supplemental support agreements. Inquire at your L eCroy customer service center or national distributor.
OBTAIN ASSISTANCE
Help with installation, calibration, and the useof y our Wa v e runn e r scop ein a rangeof applications is also
available from your customer service center.
RE T U RN A PRODUCT FOR SERVICE OR REPAIR
If you do need to return a LeCroy product, identify it by its model and
serial numbers (see page 12). Describe the defect or failure, and provide
your name and contact number.
Forfactoryreturns, usea R eturn Authorization Number (RAN),
obtainable from customer service. Attach it so that it can be clearly seen on
the outside of the shipping package to ensure rapid forwarding within
LeCroy.
Return those products requiring only maintenance to your customer
service center.
Within the warranty period, transportation charges to the factory will be your responsibility, while products
under warranty will be returned to you with transport prepaid by LeCroy . Outside the warranty period, you will
ha veto provide us with a purch a seorder num b e r before the work can be done . You will be billed for parts and
labo r relatedto the repair work, as well as for shipping.
Youshouldprepayreturnshipments.LeCroycannotacceptCOD (CashOnDelivery)orCollectReturn
shipments. We recommend using air freight.
STAY UP-TO-DATE
To maintain your Wa verunner scope’s performance within specifications, have us calibrate it at least once a year.
LeCroy offers state-of-the-art technology by continually refining and improving the instrument’s capabilities
and operation. We frequently update both firmware and software during service, free of charge during
war r anty.
: If yo unee dto re turn
TTIIPP:
y ourscope, use the or iginal
shipping carton. I f this is not
po ssibl e, the cartonused
sho uld be rigid. The scope
sh o uld be packedso that it is
surr o un de d by a min imumof
four inches (10cm) of shock
absor ben t material.
Yo ucan also install newfirmwa reyourself, withou t the nee dof a factory refit. Simply provideus w ith you r
Wa verunner serial number and ID, and the version number of the softw are already installed (see page 12),
along with ordering information. Wewill provide you with a unique option keythat has a code to be entered
through the instrument’s front panel to upgrade your software. In addition, the very latest versions of LeCroy’s
uniq u eoscillos cope softwa reapp lica tions can be dow n loa d ed from the Internet, free of charge. Include dare
ScopeExplorer and ActiveDSO.
4 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
First
Scop eExpl ore ris a highly practical PC-based connectivity tool that interfaces Wa verunner to a PC that is
running Microsoft Windows, via the rea r pan el GPIB (IEEE 488) or RS-232 port. Specia llyde signe dby
LeCroy for its oscilloscopes, ScopeExplorer allows you to perform data and image transfers and other remote
operations from scope to PC w ith just a fewkeyboard strokes or mouse clicks. See Chapter 12, “Use
Waver unner wi t h PC,” for more about using ScopeExplorer with your Wave runner scope.
S copeExplorer now has a virtual front panel t o allow full control of remote scopes.
ActiveDSO w orks on any PC running Windows 95, 98 or NT, and enables you to exchangedata with a
variety of Windows applications or programming language s that support the ActiveX standard, such as MS
Office, Internet Explorer, Visual Basic, Visual C+ + and Visual Java. ActiveDSO hides the intricacies of
programming for each of these interfaces and provides a simple and consistent interface to the controlling
application. You can also visually embed ActiveDSO in any OL E automation compatible client and use it
manually without programming. You could, for example, generate a report by importing scope data straight
into E xcel or Word, analyze your wa veforms by bringing them directly into MathCad, archive measurement
results “on the fly” in a Microsoft Access database, and automatetests using Visual Basic,Java,C++, or
Excel (VBA).
Visit ourwebsiteathttp://www.lecro y.com/softwareto download these and other free software applications.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 5
F IRST T HINGS
SafetyFirs t
OPERATE IN A SAFE ENVIRONMENT
Beforeinstallingyour Wav erunner, ensurethat its op erating
environment will be maintained within these parameters:
Temperature: 5 to 40 °C (41 to 104 °F)
Humidity: <80% RH (non-condensing)
Altitude: <2000 m (6560 ft)
Operation: Indoor use only
GET TO KNOW THE WARN ING SYMBOLS
Wherever these wa rning signs appear on the Wave runner’s front or rear panels, or in this manual, they alert you
to aspects of safety.
CAUTION: Refer to accomp a ny ing
documents (for safety related information).
See elsewhere in this man u al wherever
this symbol is present, as indicated i n
the Table of C ont ents.
CAUTION : Risk of E lectric Shock
On (Supply)
❘
: Wav er un n erhas been qualified
NNOOTTEE:
to the following E N 6101 0-1 category:
Protection Class
Installation (Over voltage)
Category
Pollution Degree 2
Any use of the instrument in a manner
n o t specifie d by theman ufacturermay
im pai rth eins trument’s safe ty
pr o tection. Waver un n erhas
designed to make direct
measur em ents on the hum anbody.
N ever connect the Waverunner to a
livin g perso n .
II
WARNING
WARNING
WARNINGWARNING
I
NOT
been
Standby
CAUTION
CAUTION
CAUTIONCAUTION
Do no t ex ceed the max im umspecified
inp ut vo ltage levels
Earth (Ground) Terminal
6 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
Protective Conductor Terminal
First
: Wav er un n erautomatically
NNOOTTEE:
adapts to th elin evo ltage pr e se nt:
Chassis Terminal
Alternating Current Only
WARNING
CH O OSE THE CORRECT POWER SOURCE
W ave runn er opera tes from a single-p hase , 115 V (90 to 132 V) or 220 V (180 to 250 V), AC (~) power source at
45 Hz to 66 Hz.
No voltage selection is required because the instrument automatically adapts to line voltage. T he power supply
of the oscilloscope is protected against short circuit and overload by one 5x20 mm fuse (T 6.3 A/ 250 V). See
next pagefor replacement procedure.
Denotes a hazard. If a WARNING is indicated on the instrument, do not proceed until its
conditions are understood and met (see also CAUTION ).
115 V
(90–132V)
220 V
(1 8 0–25 0V)
45–66 H z
45–66 H z
MAINTAIN POWER GROUND
Maintain theground line to avo id electric shock .
The current-carrying conductors cannot exceed 250 V rms with respect to ground potential. Waverunner is
provided with a three-wire electrical cord containing a three-terminal polarized plug for line voltage and safety
ground connection. The plug’s ground terminal is connected directly to the frame of the unit. For adequate
protection against ele ctrical haza rd, this plugmust be inse rted into a mating outlet containinga safety ground
contact. Set the power switch to STANDBY before connecting or disconnecting the pow er cord.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 7
F IRST T HINGS
RE PL ACE WITH TH E CORRECT F USE S
For continued fire protection at all line voltages ,replacefuses only with those of the specifiedtyp eandrating.
Disconnect the powe r cord before inspecting or replacing a fuse. Open the fuse holder (located directly to the
left of the mains powe r plug) using a small, flat-bladed screw driver. Remove the old fuse and replace it with a
ne w5x20 mm fuse (T 6.3 A/250 V).
CLEAN YOUR WAVERUNNER (BUT LET US MAINTAIN IT)
Maintenance and repairs should be carried out ex clusively by a LeCroy technician.
Clean only the exterior of your Wa verunner, using a damp, soft cloth. Do not use chemicals or abrasive
ele m ents. Unde r no circumstanc e sallowmoisture to pen etrate the oscilloscope. To avoid electric shock s ,
disconnect the instrument from the powe r supply before cleaning.
CAUTION
Risk of electric sho ck. N o user
serviceable parts inside. Leave repair
to qualified person n el.
8 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
Up and Running
T
EXTC
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t
h
C
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o
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o
P
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i
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e
M
GET TO KNOW YOUR WAVERUNNER – FRONT PANEL
First
On/
Stand-by
Display
enu Controls TimebaseControls
AUTO SET UP
Channel1 Channel2 Channel 3 Channel4
(Channels 3 and 4 on four- channel models only)
FloppyDisk Drive
AUTO
SETUP
ZERO DELAY SETUP STOP AUTO NORMAL SINGLE
DELAY LEVEL
RETURN
TOOLS
IME / DIV
PANELS
UTILITIES
DISPLAY
STANDBY
WAVE
STORAGE
SETUP
TIMEBASE
STATUS
TRIGGER
ZOOM + MATH
ZOOM
SCOPEMEASURE
ALL INPUTS
50 5Vrms
1M 16pF 400Vpk
CAT II
OFFSET
VOLTS / DIV
VmVnss
RESET
MATH
TOOLS
CLEAR
SWEEPS
Ω
Ω
AL
POSITIONPOSITION
ZOOM
PRINT
SCREEN
Ground
CHANNEL
SELECT
ANALOG
PERSIST
Controls
Trigger
Controls
Channel
Z
om and Ma
on
s
A
al
g
CAL
s
s
enc
Waverunner main front panel control s and feat ures.
IN STALL AND POWER UP
1. Before pow e ring up , check that the local power source corresponds to Wave runner’s powe r range (see
page 7).
2. Use the cable provided to connect the scope to the pow er outlet through its rear panel receptacle (see next
page).
3. Turn the scope on by pressing the On button at the bottom left-hand corner of the Wave runner front
panel (see above).
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 9
F IRST T HINGS
Before a displayapp ears , the instrume n t will automaticallype rform hardwa reand softwa re self-tests, followe d
by a full system calibration. The front panel STANDBY L ED will be lit during this sequence . The full testing
procedure will take about 10 seconds, after which a display appears.
UTILITIES
4. Press
to display the UTILITIES on-screen menus.
5. Then press the button beside the menu
GET TO KNOW WAVERUNNER – BACKPANEL
RS-232-CPort
CentronicsPort
ExternalMonitor Port
to set thetimeanddate.
PC Card Slot
(Memory/H ard-Disk card )
GPIB Port
PowerInputBN C Signal Output
Use t he RS-232- C and GPIB ports to connect your Waverunner scope to a comput er or termi nal, the
ex t ernal monit or port t o displ ay your waveforms on another monitor, and t he C entronics
port to
connect compatible printers or ot her devices. U s e the P C Card slot for the PC Memory Card and
portable Hard D isk options, and the BN C output for ex t ernal clock signals.
10 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
TON
AV I G AT ETHROUGHMENUS
First
Menus
The me nu butto n
Longer menus
Capitalizedmenus
The two menu knobs
Combin atio n s of kn o bs and buttons
or chang es the variable, while the knob adjusts it s value.
Menusare grouped
selectaparticularmenuoranitemonamenu.Travelupordowninthemenulistandchangethe
sel ect i on. Or change values and s et t i ngs.
The darker, labeled buttons
to select the menus for initialization. W henyou press any one of these, it offers access to related
menus i n i t s gr oup.
such as enable youto perform actions or adjust settings.
beside each displayed menu controls that menu .
that span the breadthof two buttons arecontrolledby both buttons.
— for example — perform specific actions.
work together with the two menu buttons besidethem.
control continuously adjustable variables. T he button selects
and shown together according to their function. Press a button or turn a k nob to
PANELS
also play a role in m enu sel ection:
—forexample—wasused
Menuswithshadows
RETURN
Press
the previous menu display.
to return
to a shadow ed men u . A nd use this butt on whenever you wish to go back to
Arrows on the side of a long menu
Press one or the other of thesemenus’ buttons to movein the desireddirection, and t o viewor select
any menu it em not displayed. A rrows disappear when you reach the beginning or end of the menu
list.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 11
lead to other menus: Press their buttons to display those others.
indicate t hat you can scroll up or down the menu list.
F IRST T HINGS
IN IT IAL IZE
Initializeyou r W a v e runn e r scop eto its basic default waveform displa ysettings:
PANELS
6. Press
7. If Recallis not selected, press the button once to select it:
8. Then press the button beside .
Initialize to Wave runner default settings whene ver you wish to clear your settings and make a fresh start on a
newmeasurement.
CHECKYOUR WAVERUNNERSYSTEM
SCOPE
STATUS
Press
9.
10. Press the top button to highlight and select System. The screen will show your Wave runner’s serial
nu mb er, the version of softw a reinstalledand the date of its rele a s e ,as w ell as a full list of you r currently
installed software and hardware.
Contact LeCroy customer service immediately if any of the options you ordered have not been installed.
to display the PANE L SE TUPS menu group.
to show the STATUS menus.
12 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
First
ADD AN OPTION
This menu will also be displayed when you select System:
Use it to install newoptions — without the need to return your Wa verunner for a refit.
1. Press that menu’s button to display
2. Then press that menu’s button to display the ADD OPTION menus. Use them whenever you wish to add
a Wave runner option by means of a special code. Contact your LeCroy sales or service center to obtain the
code.
UPDATE TO THE L ATEST FIRMWARE
Your Waverunner comes with the latest firmw are installed. But to take advantage of our continuous
improvement, contact us to obtain a floppy disk or card containing the latest firmware. Then use these menus
to installit:
UTILITIES
1. Press
2. Press the button for
to display the UTILITIES menus.
, then for the one for .
3. Place the floppy or card in the Wa verunner and press the buttons to select Floppyor Cardand then
Update Flash. The new lyinstalle d firmw a rewill app e a r on the System Status scree n (seeabo v e).
Yo umayalso dow n load the firmwa refrom theinternet, using Scope Explorer.
SAVE THE SCREEN (AND ENERGY)
Enable or disable your Wa verunner’s screen saver:
DISPLAY
1. Press
to showtheDISPLAY SETUP menus.
2. Press the button for “More Display Setup” to access this menu:
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 13
F IRST T HINGS
3. Press its button, then select Yes or Nofrom
When enabled, the built-in screen saver is activated 10 minutes after the last use of a front pane l control. This
is a complete display shutdown of the internal screen — an “E nergy-Saver.” The front panel LED light will
indicate when the scope is in the screen-saving STANDBY state. Press any front panel button to restore the
screen.
DO YOU PREF ER YOUR CON T ROLS WITH SOUN D AND AUTO-RE PEAT?
Have your buttons and knobs repeat their actions and make an audible sound when used:
UTILITIES
1. Press
2. Press the button for
3. Make your preferences by means of the USER PRE F’S menus displayed.
With Pushbutton auto-repeat On, all front panel buttons, when pressed and held in, will move the selection
au toma ticallyandsequen tiallythrough all items in a men u.
With audible feedback for buttons and knobs On, an audible “click” will sound when any front panel button is
presse d or any knob is turned.
to display the UTILITIES menus. These you will find useful for a variety of functions.
, then the button for .
14 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
P
P
T
AARRT
O
O
E
NNE
G
T his part of the manual covers the main Waverunner features and explains, step by step, how to use
them. You’ll get to know your scope and start working with it quickly and effectively. Capture and view
w av ef o rm s. Zoomandscro ll. L earntheart of display. Use mathand measu rem e n t too ls. Document
your work.
G
E
E
T
T
TII
T
N
N
G
G
T
SST
A
A
R
R
T
T
E
E
D
D
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 15
C HAPTER O NE:
In thi s chap te r, see h ow
To select the input signal channel
To use menus and controls for basic operations
To find yo urwayaro un d the display
To adjust the timebase , gain and positionof the signal
To zoom— man ual lyand automatically
To set up the time base
To set signalcoupling
To calibr ate and use the passive pr o be
To set up the CAL and B N C outputs
Catcha NewWave
16 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER O NE
Catch a NewWav e
ViewYo urW avefor m
Takethese steps to captureandviewyour signal; set timeandvolts per division; zoom and auto-scroll:
1. Connect your signal to the Waverunner (Channel 1 input for this example) .
AUTO
SETUP
2. Press the blue
for display of the input signal. Press it again to confirm the action.
buttonto automaticallyset the(E dge)trigger level, timebase, andvertical settings
3. Press
1
to select CHANNE L 1 anddispla ythe basic Wa v erunner menus .
4. Use these menus in the steps on the following pages to adjust the signal’s trace
on the screen.
To turn Channel 1 on or off.
To access the CHANNEL Coupling menus. See page 24.
To automaticallymak ea zoome dtrace of the sign a l. Use the vertical
POSITION knob to movethe trace so that it is clearlyvisible . Use the
ve rtical ZOOM kno b to adjust its expansion vertically. See pag e22.
To automatically set gain and offset, and “find” the signal.
To select fixed or variable gain. Select “variable” to control the channel’s
gain continuously. See page 20.
: With AUTO SETUP yo u canautomaticallyset
TTIIPP:
up signals in the 5 mV to 40 V range with a
frequencyof ≥≥≥≥50Hz and a duty cycle
as small as 0.1%.
TTIIPP:
:Press
1
channel on or off.
tw i ceto turnth e
To sele c t the grid style and numbe r . Next pag e: Single
grid. See also Chapter 3, “D isplay Your S i gnal.”
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 17
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
TOF
IN DYOURWAY ARO UN D T H EWAVERUNNERDISPLAY
Real-Time Clock field:
displays the current date and time.
Displayed T race L abel
time/ div and volts/ div settings, and cursor readings where appropriate.
Acqu isiti on Summary field:
attenuation, and coupling for each channel, with the selected
channel highlighted.
powered by a battery-bac ked real-time clock, it
indicates each channel or channel displ ayed, the
timebase, volts/ div, probe
18 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER O NE:
Catch a NewWav e
Trigger L evel
the trigger voltage level relative to ground level.
Trigger Delay
Trigger Status field
(A U T O, N OR MA L , S I N GL E , S T OPPE D). T he small square icon flashes
to indicate that an acquisition has been made.
Trigger Configuration field
trigger, and inform ation on the trigger’s source, slope, level and coupling, and
other information w hen appropriate.
Trace and Ground L evel
mar k er.
Other display areas include the
time and frequency relative to cursors, and a
specialmessages.Formoreaboutthedisplay,seeChapter3,“DisplayYourSignal.”
USE TIME / DIV T O ADJUST TH E T IME BASE
Time and Frequency field
TIME / DIV
arrows onboth sides of the grid that mark
is an arrow indicating t he t rigger time r elative to t he trace.
shows sample rate and trigger re-arming status
cont ains an icon indicating the t ype of
shows the trace number and ground level
, locatedbelow the grid and stating
M essag e field
placed above the grid and reserved for
NNOOTTEE:
:AUTO SET UP operates only
on channels that are turned on,
unless no channels are turned on.
T hen all channels will be affected.
sns
When more than one channel is
turned on, the first channel in
numerical order with a signal
5. Turn
to adjust the timebase as desired.
app lie d to it will be automatically
set upforedge triggering.
The time per division is set in a 1–2–5 sequ ence. Wa v e runn e r automaticallyada p ts itself to use the max im u m
samplingratewhenever thetimebaseis changed.Theselectedtime/div settingisshown inthetracelabelat the
topleft portion of thescreen,andthesamplingratein thetrigger status field at thebottomright-handcorner.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 19
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
ADJUST SENSITIVITY AND POSITION
VOLTS / DIV
VmV
6. Turn
sen sitivity .The volts/ div setting is shown in the
Channel 1 trace label.
The next two steps can be taken (if not already ) whe n you
wishto f inetunetheverticalgain and get abetter vertical
resolution:
7. Fine tune the vertical gain by selecting “variable” from
theGainmenu(seepage17).
8. Now turn the VOLTS / DIV knob through several
completerotations,sothat theentiresignal reaches
from top to bottom of the grid. Filling the grid in this
way, you can usethe full rangeof availa b ledigitizing
lev e ls.
OFFSET
tore ducethevertic algai n
UTILITIES
TTIIPP:
:Press
to select Special
Modes. T hen select the Channels menu
to choose
In: tosetthe offsetof a gain
(VOL T S/ DIV) change in volts or vertical
divisio n s (this is in vo lts, by default).
Automatic Recalibration: to turnth is
featur eonoroff (default is “On”). “Off”
mayspeed capture, but time calibr ationis
no t certain durin g the captur e per io d.
Global BWL : to control the global
bandwidth limit. When On, the chosen
bandw idth(see page 24 ) appl ies to all
channels. When Off, a bandwidth limit
canbe set in d i v i du al lyfo reach ch annel .
9. Use
ZOO M AND SCROLL AUTOMATICALLY
Use ZOOM to see more detail on your signal. The display will show the original signal and its zoomed copy .
10. Press
11. Press
12. Press the button for:
The menus shown on the next page will be displayed.
A
A
to center the w ave form on the grid.
todisplaytheTRACE Amenus(todisplayTraceB,C,orD,pressitsbutton).
again or thetopbutton to display thetraceanditslabel.(Dothesameto turnoff atrace.)
:Togobacktothedefault power-up
TTIIPP:
settings, simultan eo uslypr e ss the second
and fifthmenubuttons fro mth etop, and
1
th e
CHAN N EL SELECT 1butto n.
20 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER O NE:
13. Use these menus to scroll back and forth through the full length of one or all of your zoom copies.
MULTI-ZOOM unifies the control of all zoom traces, whileAUTO-SCROLL
w alks the zoom trace or traces across the referenced trace.
Whe nOff, only the active zoom trace is controlled. When On,all
disp la ye d zoom trace s (A, B, C, D) are simultane o u s lycontrolled
(automatically) with Auto Scroll and (manually) with the horizontal
ZOOM and POSITION knobs. See the next page for more on
Multi-Zoom.
To scroll the zoom trace from right to left of screen. When playing,
the menu is labeled “ STOP (PL AYING)”: Press to stop.
To scroll the zoom trace from left to right of scree n . Whe n play in g ,
the menu is labeled “ STOP (RE VERSIN G)” : Press to stop.
To scroll by divisions per second or number of divisions. Use div/s to
scroll continuously for viewing. Use number of div for waveform
processing ,espe cia llyPass/Fail testing. When process ing is complete,
the display will be updated by the number of divisions set.
Catch a NewWav e
To set scroll speed, usingthe knob . When scrolling by
divisions, 10 div will step the zoom trace “grid-page” by
“grid-page” across the length of the referenced trace.
To return to the TRACE A menus, while continuing to
scroll, by pressing the menu button.
RETURN
To stop scrolling and return to the previous menu displayed.
: Conside rzoomas an extra time base that offe r s
TTIIPP:
alternativ esw eepspeed s. Yo u can displayas many
as four zooms at once.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 21
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
USE THE POSITION AND ZOOM CON T ROLS
POSITION
: T he smaller Waverunner knobs
TTIIPP:
arerate sen sitiv e : the fasteryo u ro tate
th e m, thegre ate rthe ch ange th at
results per incr emen t.
14. Turn
When using more than one grid, turn POSITION tomovetracesfromonegridtoanother.
ZOOM
15. Turn
POSITION
16. Turn
ZOOM
17. Turn
to placeTraceA verticallyon thegrid.
to adjust the expansion factor and increase the amount of zoom.
to movethezoomedregionof thetrace.
to vertically expand, or reduce, the zoom trace.
TOZ
OOM AN DMULTI-ZOOM
You can zoom several traces froma single waveform to obtain precise timing
measurements and improve the time resolution on your displayed waveform. F or
instanc e, on a w aveform com posed of two pulses separated by a long delay, you could
make Trace A a zoom of the first pulse, and Trace B a zoom of the second.
Multi-Zoom
traces, or t wo or more regions of t he same trace, si mult aneous l y. W hen you act i vat e mul t i-zoom,
the horizontal zoom and position controls apply to all displayed t races — A, B, C, and D —
allowing you t o viewsimilar sect ions of different traces at the same t ime. The vertical sensitivity
cont rol s st il l act individual l y on the traces.
When trace labels have dott ed top and bottom edges, like the one at right, this
indicates that their traces are mu lt i-zoomed.
allows you to move the zoomed region of the waveform along two or more different
22 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
SET UP THE TIMEBASE
SETUP
TIMEBASE
18. Press
and access the TIME BASE menu s .
C HAPTER O NE:
Catch a NewWav e
19. Use these menus to set up the timebase in single-shot mode. See Chapter 7,
“A Q uest ion of T imebase,” for more on the sampling modes.
Single -Sho tsam p lin gdisp lay sdatacolle c teddu ringsucce ss iv esing le-sho t
acqu isitions from the input channels — capture nonrecurring, or very low
repetition-rate events, simultaneou sly on all input channels.
To select Internalor external — ECL,0V, TTL — clock modes.
Selec t internal unles s using an external clock sign a l. See Chap ter 7, “A
Quest ion of T imebase,” for external clock. The LT364 series has
a “Channel Use” menu below “Sample Clock” (see “Pairing
Channels” in Chapter 8).
To switch sequencemode Onor Off.Usetheknobto
choose the number of segments. See Chapter 7, “A
Question of Ti mebase,” for sequencesampling.
To select the maximum number of samples to be
acquired, using the menu knob; and, to set the default
50k, usingthemenubutton.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 23
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
SET THE COUPLING
20. Press
1
and then the button for to displa ythe coup lin gmen u s .
21. Use these menus to set input signal coupling and grounding, the channel
bandw idth limit, and the probe attenuation.
Selects the signal coupling .
Moves your selection down the list. When at the bottom, as here, the
dow n arrow disappears and this button becomes inactive.
PressNORMAL to set offset, volts/div, and input coupling to display
ECL signals. Press again; settings for TTL signals are given. Press a
thirdtime; settings will returnto thoseof thelast manualsetup.
Press to turn the bandwidth limit Offor reduce the bandwidth to
200 MHz or 25 MHz. Reduces signal and system noise and prevents
high -frequencyalia sin g. Global BWL mea ns that the limit set w ill
ap p lyto all channels . BWL means that a limit can be set individ u a lly
for each channel. See the TIP on page 20 for how to set these, using
SPECIAL MODES.
To set the probe attenuation factor for the input
cha n nel. The buttons scroll up or dow n,whilethe
knobs scroll the selector up and down the list. LeCroy’s
ProBus system automatically senses probes and sets
their attenuation. This menu then changes to indicate
thetypeof probeattachedanditsattenuationfactor.
See the following pages for more on probes and
ProBus.
NNOOTTEE:
:
AC position: signals are coupled capacitively, the input signal’s DC component is blocked, and
signal fre quen cies belo w10Hz are limited.
DC position: signal frequency components are allowed to pass through, and an input impedance
of either1MΩΩΩΩ or 50 ΩΩΩΩ can be selected. The max im umdissipationinto 50 ΩΩΩΩ is 0.5 W. Whenever
this is attained, inp uts will autom aticallybe gro un d ed. “Groun de d” will be highligh ted in the
“Coupling” menu and an ov er lo ad message will be displayed in the AcquisitionSumm aryfield.
Reset by remo v in g the signal fro mthe inp ut and reselecting “DC50ΩΩΩΩ.”
24 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
SETUP FOR CAL AN D BNC SIGNALS
UTILITIES
1. Press
.
C HAPTER O NE:
Catch a NewWav e
2. Press the button to select
and display the CAL BNC OUT menus.
3. Use these menus to choose the type of signal put out at the front CAL and
rear BNC signal outputs. Set the frequency , amplitude, and pulse shape of
thecalibration signal.
To set the type of signal from the rear BNC connector.
To reset the CAL output to its default state: a 1 kHz 1 V square wave .
The Wa v e runn e r au toma ticallysets the calibration signal to its default
when switched on.
To select the form of the calibration signal.
To set the pulse level for the CAL output (range: −1.00 to
1.00 V), usingthe knob.
To set the desired freque ncy of a CAL signal in the range
500 Hz to 1 MHz, usingtheknob.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 25
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
TOC
ALIBRATE THEPASSIV EPROBE
Your Waverunner scope comes with a L eC roy passive probe for each channel.
First.
Second.
Third.
Things”).
Fourth.
T he CA L signal will be a 1 k H z square wave, 1 V p–p.
Fifth.
Sixth.
Seventh.
Eighth.
N inth.
T ur n on your Waverunner scope.
Insert the probe lead in the Channel 1 input.
Connect the probe t ip to t he C A L out put (see front panel illustration in “ F irst
Attach the lead’s alligator clip to theground ring indicated by ,locatedbelowCAL.
UTILITIES
Press
Press to select and set t he amplitude level.
Nowselect to set the frequen cy in the range 500 H z to 1 MH z.
S et channel coupli ng t o D C 1 MΩusing “C oupling” (see previous page).
Press
1
, then the button to select
to turnonC hannel 1.
AUTO
SETUP
T enth.
I f overshoot or undershoot of t he displayed signal occurs, adjust t he probe by inserting the small
screwdriver, suppliedwith the probe pack age, into the potentiometer onthe probe head and turningit
clock wise or counterclock wise to achieve t he opt imal s quare wave cont our.
Press
twice.
26 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER O NE:
Catch a NewWav e
HOWPROBUSH
L eC roy’s ProBus probe system provides a complete measurement solution from probe
tip to oscil l oscope display.
ProBus allows you to control transparent gain and offset directly from your front panel —
part icularly useful for voltage, differential, and current active probes. I t upl oads gain and offset
correct ion fact ors from the Pr oBus E PR O M S , and aut omat ical ly compensates to achieve ful l y
calibrated measurem en ts.
T his intel l igent i nt erconnect ion bet ween your Waverunner scope and a wide range of accessories offers
import ant advantages over st andard BN C and probe ring connections. ProBus ensures correct input
coupl ing by auto-s ensing t he probe t ype, el i minat ing the guesswork and er r ors that occur when
attenuation or ampl ification factors are set manually.
ELPSYOU
: Use Waverunner’s rear panel BN C signal output to provide a
TTIIPP:
pulse:
ForPass/ Fail testing
At th eoccur renceof eachaccepte dtriggerev e nt (TriggerOut)
Whenthe scop e is ready to accept a trigger even t (Trigger Rdy)
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 27
C HAPTER T WO:
In thi s chap te r, see h ow
Tocontroltrigge rs
Toset upanEdge trigger
Tore-armtr iggering
To determin e level, coup lin g and slope
To use Windo wtrigger
To obtain a summ aryof y o urtriggerand systemstatus
SimplyTrigger
28 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER T WO
Simp lyTr igge r
Edge Tr iggeronSimp leSign als
Wa verunner uses many wave form capture techniques that trigger on features and conditions, which you define.
These triggers fall into two major categories:
Edge—activated by basic wa veform features or conditions such as a positive or negative slope, and
holdoff
SMART Tri gger — sophisticated triggers that enable you to use basic and complex conditions for
triggering.SeeChapter 8, “ Trigger Sm art.”
Use the Edge trigger type for simple signals, and the SMART Trigger type for signals with rarer features such
as glitches .
CONTROL T RIGGE RING
DELAY
Horizontal: Turn
Yo ucan adjust the trigge r’s position from 0% to 100% pre-trigge r, from left to right on the grid. DELAY can
also be used for setting the post-trigger, in time units, up to 10 000 divisions, in increments of 0.1 division.
The trigger location is shown by the arrow at the grid bottom, as
shown here at near right.
Post-trigger dela yis labe led in the trigge r delay field, where the
arrow becomes horizontal, as shown here at far right.
TRIGGER LEVEL
Vertical: Turn
Turn this knob to adjust the level of the trigger source or the highlighted trace. L evel defines the source voltage
at which the trigger will generate an event — a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions.
Arrow s on both sides of the grid show the threshold position. But these arrows are only
visible if the trigger source is displayed and the source signal DC coupled.
to adjust the trigger’s horizontal position.
to adjust thetrigger’s verticalthreshold.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 29
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
SE T UP AN EDGE T R IGGER
SETUP
1. Press TRIGGER
to access thesemenus:
Use them to select the trigger source, the source’s coupling, the slope — positive
or negative — and the amount of trigger holdoff by time or events.
1. Select “E dge” or “SMART”: “Edge” is selected by default.
: Once set, trigger level and coupling pass unchanged from
TTIIPP:
tr i ggertype to tr i ggertype fo reachtr i ggerso urce .
2. Select the trigger source. This could be a signal on a channel, the
linevoltagethat powers theWaverunner, or theEX T BNC
connector.
3. Sele ct the coup lingfor the trigger source .
4. Place the trigger point on the positive or negative slope of the
selected source, or choose to define a w indow.
Whe n Windowis selected from the above menu, a
menu appears here that allow s you to define the
window ’ s size. See page 33.
To hold off from triggering for a defined time, or
numberofevents,afteraparticulartriggerevent.Use
this buttonto select Timeor Events,andtheknobto
set the value. Offdeactivates the holdoff. See Chapter 8,
“Trigger S mart.”
DELAY
5. Turn
TRIGGER LEVEL
6. Turn
to adjust the trigger’s horizontal position, and the amount of pre-trigger, as desired.
to adjust the trigger voltage level.
30 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
TOD
ETERMINETRIGGE RLEVEL,COUPL ING AN DSLOPE
C HAPTER T WO:
SimplyTrigger
Level
a change in t he input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions. T he select ed trigger
level is associated with t he chosen t rigger source.
Trigger level is specified in volts and normally remains un c han ged w hen you chan ge the vertical gain
or offset. The amplitude and range of t he trigger l evel are l imited as follows:
C oupling
trigger level, you can select the coupling independently for each source. Change the trigger source and
you can change the coupling. You can choose from these coupling types:
bursts or where the use of A C coupling would shift the effective trigger l evel.
levels are rejected and frequenc ies below 50 H z
attenuated.
capacitivehigh-pass filter net work , D C is rejected
an d signal frequen c ies below 50 kH z are attenu ated.
For stable triggering on med ium to high frequency
signals.
circuit, and a low-pass filter network attenuates
frequencies above 50 k H z; used for t riggering on low
frequencies.
definesthesourcevoltageat whichthetriggercircuitwillgenerateanevent:
±5 screen divisions with a channel as t he t rigger source
±0.5 V withEXT as the trigger source
±5 V with E X T/ 10 as the trigger s ource
N one with L IN E as the trigger source (zero crossing is used).
refers to t he t ype of signal coupling at the input of t he t rigger circuit. A s with t he
DC: A ll the signal' s frequency componen ts are coupled t o the trigger circuit for high frequenc y
A C : T he signal is capacit i vely coupl ed, D C
LF REJ:Thesignaliscoupledthrougha
HF RE J: Signals are DC coupled to the trigger
e
p
o
l
S
e
v
Triggerlevel
i
t
i
s
o
P
H F : U se only w hen needed for triggering on
high-frequency repetitive signals. H F is
automatically overridden and set to A C when
incompatible with trigger characteristics such as those
of S M A RT T rigger.
Slope
transitionused for generatinga particular t rigger
event. You can choose a positive or neg ative slope.
L ike coupling, the selected sl ope is associated with
the chosen t rigger source.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 31
determines thedirection of the trigger voltage
F igure 1. E dge trigger work s on the selected
edge at the chosen level. The slope — positive
here — is highlighted on the trigger icon .
Trigger
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
TORE-A
Three t rigger re-arming modes — A UTO, N O RMA L , and SI N GL E — are
available for all types of triggers. In addit ion, ST OP canc els the capture in all
three modes.
Press
soon after. But if a signal does occur, Waverunn er behaves as if in N OR M A L mode.
Press
trigger. If there is no valid trigger, the last signal is retainedand the warning “S L OW
TRIGGE R” is displayed in the t rigger status field.
Press
display the signal and stop capturing. If no trigger occurs, you can press this button again to
manual ly t rigger the scope.
Press
ST OP to prevent capture of a new signal, or while a sing le-shot capture is under w ay to k eep the
last captured signal.
RM ATRIGGE R
AUTO
to activat e A U T O mode: the trace will automatically be displ ayed if no trigger occurs
NORMAL
to ent er N OR M AL modeandcontinuously update the display while thereis a valid
SINGLE
to ent er SI N G L E mode: the Waverunner will wait for a single trigger to occur, then
STOP
to halt the capture made in AUT O, NOR M A L or S I N GL E re-arming modes. Press
TOR
ECOGNIZETRIGGE RICON S
T rigger icons al low immediate on-screen recognit ion of t he current trigger conditions. T here is an
icon for each t rigger. The more heavily marked t ransitions on the icon indicate the sl ope on which t he
trigger will be generated. T he icons are annotated with informationon thetrigger settings.
This icon, for example, represents anE dge trigger set up to trigger on the positive slope, at a level of
0.008 V , with a holdoff t ime of 50 ns.
32 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER T WO:
USE WINDOW TR I GGER
Define a region whose boundaries extend above and below the selected trigger level. A trigger event will occur
whe n the signal leaves this window region in either direction and passes into the uppe r or lower region (Fig. 2).
The next trigger will occur when the signal again passes into the window region.
SimplyTrigger
1. Sele ct
2. Then use
A bar at the left-hand side of the grid will visually indicate the window’ s height.
TriggerLe vel
.
to define the size of the windowregion.
Upper R egion
Lower Region
WIN DOW REGION
Time
Triggers
F igure 2. W indow T rigger: triggers w hen the signal leaves the window region. T he arrows indicate
where t r i ggers occur when t he signal l eaves t he wi ndow r egion.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 33
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
T RIGGER SOURCE
Thetriggersourcemaybeoneofthefollowing:
The acquisition channel signal (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 or CH 4) conditioned for the overall voltage gain,
coupling , and ban dwidth.
The line voltag e that powers the oscilloscope (LINE). This can be used to provide a stable displa y of
signals synchronous with the powe r line. Coupling and level are not relevant for this selection.
The signal applied to the EXT BNC connector (E XT). This can be used to trigger the oscilloscope within
arangeof
Level
Level de finesthe source voltag eat whichthe trigge r circuit will ge n e ra te an even t (a chang ein the input signa l
that satisfies the trigger conditions). The selected trigger level is associated with the chosen trigger source. Note
that the trigger level is specified in volts and normally remains unchanged when the vertical gain or offset is
modified.
The Amplitudeand Rangeof the trigge r level are limited as follow s :
±5 screen divisions with a channel as the trigger source
±5VwithEXT/10
none with LINE as the trigger source (zero crossing is used)
±0.5 V on E XT and ±5 V with EXT/10 as thetrigge r source.
Note:
Note:Once specified, Trigger Leveland Coup ling areth e on ly
Note:Note:
pa rame ters that pas s unchanged fr omtr iggerm ode to triggermode
foreach trigger sour ce.
34 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER T WO:
SimplyTrigger
OBTAIN A TRIGGER STATUSSUMMARY
Display a summary of the status of your trigger, as we ll as timebase, vertical sensitivity , probe attenuation, and
offset and coupling for each channel.
SCOPE
STATUS
1. Press
to show the STATUS menus.
2. Press the button to select Acquisition .
PRINT
SCREEN
TTIIPP:
:Press
to documen t yo urstatus
sum m ar yand make a hard cop y.
PANELS
Press
whenyo u hav e a setting y ou w an t to
reuse(seethenextchapterformoreonthis).
Press the S C OPE S T A T U S button for access to full-screen summaries of your Waverun n er’s system
status and other func tional status.
See Chapter 8, “Trigger Smart,” formor e about E dge trigger and all about the SMART Trigger types.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 35
C HAPTER T HREE:
In thi s chap te r, see ho w
To viewsignalchan ges ove rtime
To set up the display
Displ ayYourSignal
Toset upforAnalog Persi stence
Tochoos ea grid style
To save an d recal l panelsetups
36 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER T HREE
DisplayPer sisten ce
Displ ay YourSignal
You can use Waverunner colors and tools to display your
signal on the screen.
View one, tw o, four, or eig h t grids and upto eigh t trace s
(depe nding on model) at the same time. Adjust display and
grid intensity. Choose from sev e ra l grid styles . Or fill the
entire screen with your waveforms using Full Screen.
Yo ucan pe rsonalize you r Waverunne r display,while
managing color and screen intensity automatically . The
displayed signal and all related information share identifying
colors chosen by you. Show signals and traces opaquely or
transparently, so that overlappingobjects — tracesover
traces ,traces over grids — arealways visible.
Other invaluable tools and techniques, such as the
Analog Persistence feature, help you display your wave form
and reveal its idiosyncrasies.
: To clear your settings and make a
TTIIPP:
“fresh” start on a new waveform:
1. Connect the signal to be measured to a
Waverunner channel.
2. Simultaneo usly pr ess the second and
fifth menu buttons from the top, and
th eCHANNEL SELE CT 1button, to
r e vert to thedefaul tsettin gs.
3. Turnoff an y unw an ted traces by
pressin g A, B, C, orD.
4. PressSELECT1,2,3,or4forthe
signal’s channel and choose
“Coupling.” E nsure that the coupling
matches the circuit’s impedance. I f not,
setitcorrectlyusingthemenubutton.
5. Press AUTO SETUP twice.
Thenfollowthe steps below.
VIEW SIGNAL CHANGES OVER TIME
Use Persistence to accumulate on-screen points from many acquisitions and see your signal change over time.
Wa verunner persistence modes showthe most frequent signal path “ three-dimensionally” in intensities of the
same color, or graded in a spectrum of colors.
To display your wave form with persistence:
ANALOG
PERSIST
1. Press
Analog Persistence or Color Graded persistence.
DISPLAY
2. Press
menus.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 37
to display your signal with
to display the “Display Setup”
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
SET UP YOUR DISPLAY
3. Use these menus to set up your display . When not using persistence, some menus
are different, as indicated below .
To select standard or XY display: Stan dardis selectedby default.
See Chapter 9, “D ispl ay M or e,” for X Y display .
Toturn persistenceonor off. Or press
To set up the persistence display (see next page). When Persistence is Off,
this menu becomes Dot Join: when there are more than 400 sample
points on the screen, the points are connected by line segments.
To access more display setup menus. See Chapter 9, “D i spl ay M ore.”
Toselect thegridstyleandnumber.Seepage40.
ANALOG
PERSIST
to toggle it on or off.
Used with persistence to select the displayed trace for the
menu action below. When persistence is not being used, this
menu is calle d W’form+ Text and its knob adjusts
waveform and text brightness.
Used with persistence to select the percentage of
saturation:100% spreads the spectrum across the entire
depth of the persistence data map; at low er values, the
spectrumwillsaturate— brightest color or shade— at the
percentage value specified. Lowering this percentage causes
the pixels to be saturated at a lower data intensity , and
: At 0% intensity in Standarddisplay
TTIIPP:
with o ut persistence, the w av efor mand tex t
disappear .
DISPLAY
Press
to returnth emto no rmal
brightness.
make s visible rarely hit pixels not seen at high e r
percentages.
Whe n persistenceis not bein guse d,this men uis called
Grid intensity; its knob adjusts the intensity of the grid.
Grids can be brightene d , or blen d e dwith display e dtrace s
by reducing their intensity . Also press this menu button to
return brightness from 0% to the default level.
38 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER T HREE:
SET UP FOR PERSISTENCE
4. Press the button for “Persistence Setup” to access these menus.
5. Use them to set up your persistence display .
To display(On) the last trace captured.
To select the persistence duration, in seconds. If this were to be set at
1 s, for example, each captured trace w ould be displaye d for one
second and then deleted. The number of swee ps included in the
disp la y(u pto onemillion) is indica tedat the bottom of the displa yed
trace label. The default is selection is Infinite.
To sele c t persistencefor all, or the top two labe le dtraces displa yed .
This becomes useful when four traces or functions are shown and
pe rsisten cew ill not be ap p lie dto all of them.
To select Analog, and render the persistence data maps to the screen
in intensities of the trace color, or Color Graded, wherethemaps are
renderedin a red - to-violet spectrum.
DisplayYourSignal
To select the displayed trace for the menu action below .
To select the percentage of saturation. See menu
explanation on the previous page.
RETURN
6. Presstogobacktothemaindisplaysetupmenus.
CLEAR
SWEEPS
TTIIPP:
:Press
to restart thepersiste nceaccumu l ati onof
po in ts — forexam pl e, whenyo u change the signal source and
w an t to clear the prev io us trace.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 39
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
CHOOSE A GRID STYLE
At left aretheStandard grid styles for one, tw o, and four
grids. Depending on the Wa verunner model, six or eight
traces on six or eight grids can be shown at once (see
facing page), with their trace labels and any combination
of math, zoom, and memories. Standard grids present
source wa ve forms versus time (for FFT, versus freque n cy ).
XY display, on the other hand, compares one source
w ave form with another. It has its own special grids (see
Chapter 9, “ Dis play More” ).TheParameter-stylegrid
is displa ye d automa ticallyw hen pa ram e te rs are use d(se e
next chapter).
TOL
IN K ANDSE PARAT EOBJECTS
C
WI T H
OLOR
Advanced color manag ement
objects — grids, waveforms, cursors, or t ext — are
alwa ys visible, even when overlapping. S ignals and
their related data are color associat ed. E ach trace
has its own dedicated color. Persistence displays are
automatically color matchedto the parent trace.
Relatedtracesandtext,iconsandparent-daughter
zoomregions are also l inked by color.
Thechoiceof backgroundcolor
darker colors so t hat displayed objects will be clearly
defi ned and r ecognizabl e. T he colors of object s t hat
aretoocloseinhuetothechosenbackgroundcolor
are automatically chang ed so that the objects always
stand out.
Each trace has its ow ncolo r.
zoomed sections of a trace can be given their own
colors, so that a single trace may have a number of
colors at once: it s principal color plus those of a
number of expanded regions.
Trace-related text
information that describe measurement parameters,
cursors, triggers, waveforms, and channels. A
standard text color coveringall on-screentext exists
in the preset color schemes, or can be chosen for
custom palettes. S ee Chapter 9, “ D isplay M ore.”
inc ludes pieces of on-screen
ensures that
is limited to t he
But expanded or
40 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER T HREE:
DisplayYourSignal
Waveform s ource descriptions, trace l abels and t he information t hey contain will always t ake t he
color of thei r respective t races, as in this four-channel model’s O ct al-grid, eight-trace display.
Most menus are display ed in the text colo ronly.
relat ed infor mat ion in t he t race color, as does t he t rigger icon. Channel C oupling menu t itles are
trace colored, and M ath S et-U p menu sources have their own color.
Select
Opaque
layers. S elect
aut omatically change col or, whil e grid intensity remai ns const ant . S ee C hapt er 9, “ D isplay M ore.”
to pl ace overl apping waveforms one on t op of t he other in normal, non-transparent
Transparent
for overlap mixing: those areas of the waveforms that overlap will
Objects are auto mati cal lyo ve rlai d in seque nce .
described in the top trace label, t he next in the second-from-t op trace label, and so on in descending
order t oward the backgroun d. Choose the order in which traces appear using the S E L E C T buttons.
When different types of traces are displayed, place d by default in ascending order from the grid at
thebottom are: envelope traces, persistencetraces, normal traces, and cursors (foremost onthe
screen). This sequence can also be customized.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 41
T he active t rigger edge or condition shows source
With traces of the same type, the foremost is
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
Sav e an d Recall Yo urPane l Setup s
Your Waverunner scope allows you to store your preferred display settings and recall them later. Or choose to
recall a default setupalrea d yinstalledin the scope . Storing and reca llin gpan e l setups is very practical when yo u
have set up elaborate zoom and math displays on multiple traces and would like to use them on another signal.
The scope can store four panel setups in volatile memory, and many more to floppy disk or the optional PC
Card slot (memory card or hard disk card), in numbered files marked with their date and time of storage. You
can recall them quickly and easily for later use.
SAVE PANEL SETUPS
PANELS
1. Press
for the PAN E L SE TUPS menus.
Use these menus to save your preferred panel setups — to SETUP1 in this
example.
2. Press to select Save.
3. PresstosavetoSETUP1.
To saveto SETUP2.
To saveto SETUP3.
To saveto SETUP4.
To saveto PC Card slot.
To saveto floppy disk.
42 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
RE CALL PAN EL SETU PS
C HAPTER T HREE:
DisplayYourSignal
1. Press
2. Press
Or,torecalladefaultsetupalreadystoredinyourscope,pressthebuttontoselect
Or, when you store setups to floppy disk or PC Card, press the button to select
The last alternative accesses the RECAL L SE TUPS menu, which enables you to recall setups from a
floppy disk in the floppy disk drive, or an optional portable storage device (PC memory card or hard disk
card )in thePC Cardslot.
To store and recall the w avefo r ms them selve s, see Chapter5, “U se M ath Tools.”
to .
to select and recall the setup you stored for examp le in SE TUP 1.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 43
C HAPTER F OUR:
In thi s chap te r, see ho w
To control time cursors
To contro lamp l itu d e curso rs
To use cursor s in standar d display
To select a standar dpar am ete r
Choose a Measure T ool
44 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER F OUR
ChooseaMeasureTool
Measur e w ith Curso r s
Cursors are important tools that aid youin mea su ringsigna l value s .Cursors are mark e rs — line s , cross-hairs, or
arrows — that you can move around the grid or the w ave form itself. Use cursors to make fast, accurate
measurements and to eliminate guessw ork. There are two basic types:
Time(Frequency)cursors are markers that you move horizontally along the wave form. Place them at a
de siredlocation along the time axis to read the signal’ s amplitudeat the selec ted time .
Ampl itude (Voltage) cursorsarelinesthat youmoveverticallyonthegridto measuretheamplitudeof a
signa l.
CONTR O L THE TIM E CURSOR S
DISPLAY
1. Press
MEASURE
TOOLS
2. Press
3. Press the button to select
4. Press the button to select
5. Press the button to select
and make sure that Standardis selected in the top men u .
to display the MEASURE menus.
SINGLE
TTIIPP:
:Press
as a smooth way to stop your
Waverunner scope and allow measurement of the
displayed wav efor m .
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 45
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
6. Turn the knob for tomovetheAbsoluteTimecursor .
Watch this cross-hair marker move up and down along your displayedwave form. As it moves, the cursor’s time value
in relation to the trigger point is shown beneath the grid, and its voltage value in the trace label.
7. Press the button to select
8. Turntheknobs to movethetwo RelativeTimecursors along the w ave form.
Wa verunner shows beneath the grid the relative time and voltage difference between the two cursors. When
you use Relative Time cursors, the Reference cursor (upw ard-pointing arrow) can be changed, and could be
differen t from the trigger point. You might pla ceit, for exa m p le, at the fallingedg eof the captured signa l’ s
oscilla tions . You can movethe Differen cecursor (do wnward-pointing arrow )to mea su rethe time difference
anyw he re on the wa veform. Diff −−−− Refshows the subtraction of the reference from the difference amplitudes.
CONTR O L THE AMPLI TUDE CU RSORS
1. Press the button to select
2. Press the button to select
: Select “Diff & Ref” fromthe sho wmenu to
TTIIPP:
displayin the trace label theabsolute amp litude, with
respect to groundlevel, of the twoRelative T ime
cur sor s.
: Turn Track “On” in the Referen ce Cursor
TTIIPP:
menu. T he differen ce betweenthe Referen ce and
Differen ce cursors will remainthe same wh enyo u
tur nth i s m e nu ’s kno b, and the twocursorbars wi l l
mo v e in tandem. Turn the Difference cursormen u
knob: only this cursor’s position will change. T he
linkbetw eenthe tw o cursor s is indicated by a
ver tical bar at the side of the grid. Press the same
menu button to turn Track “Off”.
46 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER F OUR:
3. Turn the knob for tomovetheAbsoluteAmplitudecursor
Place it at the top of your displayed waveform. The difference in amplitude betwee n the cursor and the ground
level (indicated by the ground level marker at right of grid) is shown in the trace label.
Choose a Measure Tool
4. Press the button to select
5. Turn the knob for
6. Turn the knob for
When you use Relative Amplitude cursors, the Reference cursor can be made different from the ground level.
You might place it, for example, at the base level of a square wave . You could then position the Difference
cursor at the top of the w ave form. The difference betwe en the two wou ld then give you the signal’s amplitude,
indica te d in the tracelabe l,as illustrated on the nex t pag e.
and show two bar cursors: Reference and Difference.
to move the Reference cursor
to movetheDifferencecursor
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 47
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
R elative A mplitude cursors mark out t he signal’s amplitude. Here it is 510 mV, as indicated in t he
trace label at top-left of screen.
48 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER F OUR:
T
OUSECURSORS INSTAN DARDDISPLAY
Choose a Measure Tool
You canmove
the screen — up and downthe grid pixel by pixel. A mplit udes are shownin the
trace label for each trace.
Place
Time
at a desired time to read the amplitude of a signal at that time, and move them to every s ingle
point acquired.
When you place a time cursor on a data point, cross-bars appear on the arrow and cross-hair
mar k er s
Thetimeisshownbelowthegrid.InRelativemodethefrequencycorrespondingtothetimeinterval
bet ween the cursors is also displayed there. W hen there are few data points displayed, t ime-cursor
positions are linearly inter polated between t he dat a points. T ime cursors move up and down along
these straight-line segments.
Absolute
In
ampl i t ude (usi ng ampl it ude cur s or s ) or t ime and ampl i t ude (usi ng t i me cursors). M eas ured vol t age
amplitudes are relative to ground; measured times are relative to the t rigger point.
In
Relative
differenc e between the two in amplitude, or time and amplitude.
W
HEN INPERSISTENCEMODE
Inpersistencemode,amplitudecursorsarethesameasinStandarddisplay,whiletimecursorsare
vertical bars running down the s creenand moving across it.
Amplitude
(Frequency) cursors — arrows or cross-hair mark ers that move along the waveform —
.
mo de, you control a single cursor. You can display the cursor location’s readings for
mode, you control a pair of amplit ude or time cursors, and get readings on the
(V oltage) cursors — broken lines or bars running across
: To set time-curso ramplitude units in vol ts or decibels...
TTIIPP:
UTILITIES
Press
to access and select Special Modes. T hen
select the Cursors Measure menuto access and use th e Read
time cursoramplitudes in men u to select the desired unit.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 49
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
Measur e Autom aticallyw ithPar ame ter s
Parametersaremeasurement toolsthat determinea widerangeof signal properties. Usethemto automatically
calculate time and voltage values. There are parameter modes for the amplitude and time domains, custom
parameter groups, and parameters for pass and fail testing. You can make common measurements on one
signal in either the standard voltage (amplitude) or standard time modes. On more than one signal, select
parameters from a Custom category and use them to determine up to five quantities at once. Pass and fail
parameters canbecustomized, too.Youcanaccumulateanddisplaystatisticsoneachparameter’ssweeps,
average, low est, highest and standard deviation. See Chapter 11, “Par amet er A nalysis,” for how to
customize parameters, and for a description of each.
A special display is automatically used with parameters, whose data are listed beneath the grid (see
next page for displ ay setup). Shown here: a F ull-Screen, Quad-grid parameter display. Top of facing
page: the S tandard, S ingle-grid, parameter display.
50 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER F OUR:
CHOOSE A STAN DARD PARAME T ER
MEASURE
TOOLS
1. Press
2. Press the button to select
Stand ard Voltage will be selected by default in the mode menu, shown
be lo w, and a list of five pa ram e ters will appear bene a th the grid. This list
w ill chang ewh e nStanda rd Time is selec ted .
3. Use these men us to set up for parameters.
Toe n ab l epa ram eters ,cu rs ors or ne i th er .Wh il ePara metersis selected ,
statistics accumulation (see below)goes on, even if not shown.
To select the mode. Standard Vol t agemeasu res for a single signal: peak -
to-pea k(the amplitudebetwe e nthe maxim u mand minimum sample
values), mean of all sample values, standard deviation, root mean square
of all sample values, and signal amplitude. Standard Time measures for
a single signal: period, width at 50% of amplitude, rise time at 10–90% of
amplitude, fall time at 90–10% of amplitude, and the delay from the first
trigger to the first 50% amplitude point.
See Chapter 11 for “Custom,” “Pass,” and “Fail.”
to display the MEASURE menus.
Choose a Measure Tool
Toautomaticallycalculatethedisplayedparameters’ average,lowest,
highest and standard deviation, and number of swe eps used.
Toselect thetraceonwhichtheparametersaretobemeasured.This
menu indicates those traces displaye d.
To set the starting point in screen divisions for parameter
measurements, using the knob. Turn Track On,usingthe
button. Control of the starting and end points is linked and
they canbemovedtogether using theknob.
To set the end point in screen divisions for parameter
measurements,usingt heknob. A lsoindicatesthetotal
number of data points used for the measurements.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 51
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
DISPLAY
4. Press
SETUP. See the preceding chapter.
TURN OFF CURSORS AND PARAMETERS
MEASURE
1. Press
2. Press the button to select
: To clear parameter“statistics” press:
TTIIPP:
to set upt hedisplay— to select parameter gridstyles,for example— using D ISPLAY
TOOLS
to returnto t heMEASURE menus.
CLEAR
SWEEPS
52 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
TOR
ECOGNIZEPARAM E TE RSYMB OL S
C HAPTER F OUR:
Choose a Measure Tool
T he algorithms that allow Waverunner to determine pulse-waveform parameters detect
theparticular situations where the mathematical formulas can be applied.
S ometimes you should interpret the results with caution. I n these cases the scope alerts you by
displayingasymbolunderthegridbetweenthenameof theparameteranditsvalue.Thesesymbols
act as information or warnings:
The parameter has been determined for several periods (up to 100), and the average of
those val ues has been tak en.
The parame ter has been determined over an integral number of periods.
T he parameter has been calculated on a histogram.
Insufficient datato determine the parameter.
Amplitude histogramis flat within statistical fluctuations; minimumand max imumare
used to assign top and base.
Only an upper l imit could be estimated (the actual value of the parameter may be
smaller than the displayed value).
T he signal is partially in overflow.
T he signal is partially in underflow .
The signal is partiall y i n overflow and in underflow.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 53
C HAPTER F IVE:
In thi s chap te r, see ho w
Toset upformath
To do multiplication
ToperformanFFT
To do summ ed aver aging
Tostore andrecallw ave for ms
To obtain a w av efor mor memor ystatus repo rt
Use Math T ools
54 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER F IVE
Use Math Tool s
MakeMath Easy
With Wa verunner math tools you can perform mathematical functions on a wave form displayed on any
channel, or recalled from any of the four reference memories M1, M2, M3, or M4. To do computations in
sequence, you can also set up any trace of A, B, C, or D for math.
For example: you could set up Trace A as the difference betwee n Channels 1 and 2, Trace B as the average of
A, and Trace C as the integral of B. You could then display the integral of the averaged difference betw een
Channels 1 and 2. Any trace and function can be chained to another trace and function. For example, you could
make Trace A an average of Channel 1, Trace B an FFT of A, and Trace C a zoom of B.
Wa verunner math tools are available in these standard and optional packages:
Arith m etic Sum (add), Difference (subtract), Product (multiply), Ratio (divide)
Ave raging Summe d(linear)Averag eof up to 1000 sw eeps
STANDARD
MAT H
Included with all
Waverunner
oscilloscopes
E XT E N D E D
MAT H AN D
MEASUREMENT
OPTION (EMM)
All tools in
Standard Math
plus:
WAV E ANALYZER
OPTION
(WAVA)
All tools in
Extended M ath
plus:
Extrema (envelope)
FFT Fast Fourier Transform to 50 000 points; Power Spectrum, Phase,
Magnitude; All FFT Windows
Functions Identity, Negation,(Sinx)/x
Resample(deskew)
Rescale
E nhanced Resolution (E RES)
Functions
Trending
Ave raging
FFT+ Fast Fourier Transform to one million poin ts; FFT Ave rag e ;
Histograms Histograms, Histogram Parameters
Absolute Value, Derivative, Exp (bas ee) , Exp (base10), Integral,
Log(basee),Log(base10),Ratio,Reciprocal,Square,SquareRoot
Summe d , or linear, Avera g eof up to one million w ave forms;
Continuous Average
Power Averaging, Power Density, Real, Real + Imaginary
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 55
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
SETUPTODOWAVEFORMMATHEMATICS
After connecting your signal to a Wave runner channel (Channel 1 in this example) , do the following:
1. Press
2. Press
3. Press
4. Press the button for
5. Press the button to select and display the SETUP OF A menus, shown next page.
TOSETU
First.
1
to select CHANNEL 1 anddisplay Wa v e runn e r’ s basic men u s .
to
A
to make Trace A a zoom of Channel 1.
PFORMATHANOTHERWAY
MATH
TOOLS
Press
to display the ZOOM + M A T H menus.
Second.
Select or one of the other traces.
NNOOTTEE:
process ing title foreach
:Awaveform
displayed trace will be show n
inits trace label. If the title is
missing, the math function
Third.
Press the buttonto select
cannot be done and the
conte nts of the tr acewil l
remainunch an ged.
Fourth.
Follow the first three steps in the procedu re above.
56 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER F IVE:
USE A MATH TOOL
Use these menus to choose and set up any math tool. As an example, select the arithmetic tool Product to
multip lyChan nel 1 by Channe l 2.
To enable math.
6. Press to select Arith m etic.
7. Press to select Product.
Use MathTools
8. Press to select Channel 1 as the source trace. When
usingA rithmetic,this setsoneof t hetwooperand
sources. Using other math types , this menu may be in a
different position and may set the signal offset, number
of sweeps, or compensate for any DC offset in the
signa l.
9. Presstoselect thetracebywhichthesourcetrace
Channel 1 will be multiplied .
Now go on to set up your trace as an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) function (next page) .
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 57
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
PERF ORM AN FF T OPERATION
Continuing from the preceding steps, set up Channel 1 for FFT. Fast Fourier Transform will convert your time
domain wave form into a frequency domain spectrum similar to that of an RF spectrum analyzer display . But
unlike the analyzer, which has controls for span and resolution bandwidth, with Waverunner you determine the
FFT span using the scope’s sampling rate (see Chapter 10, “U s e A dv anced M ath T ools” ).
10. Press the button to select FFT from theMathTypemenu.
: During FFT comp utation ,
TTIIPP:
the FFT sign is sh o wnbelow
Spectra will be shown with a linear frequency axis running from zero to
the Nyquist frequency . The frequency scale factors (Hz/div) are in a
1–2–5 sequence . The processing equation is displaye d at the bottom of
thescreen,together with thethreekeyparametersthat characterizean
FFT spectrum:
Transform size N (number of input points)
Nyquist frequency (= ½ sample rate)
Freque ncy increment, ∆f, betwee n tw o successive points of the spectrum.
These parameters are related as: N yquist frequency = ∆f ∗ N/2, where∆f = 1/ T, and T is the duration of
the input wa veform record (10 ∗ time/ div). The number of output points is equal to N/ 2.
11. Press the button to select Pow er Spectrum from the menu
PowerSpectrumis the signal power, or magnitude, represented on a logarithmic vertical scale: 0 dBm
corresponds to the voltage (0.316 V peak ), which is equivalent to 1 mW into 50 Ω. Power Spectrum is
suitab lefor characterizin g spec tra that contain isolated pea k s (dBm).
th egri d . Th e com putationcan
take a while on long timedom ainrecords, but yo u can
stopit at anytime by pr e ssin g
any front panel button.
Other FFT functions available in this menu depend on the Wa verunner math options installed in your scope
(see pag e55).
58 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER F IVE:
Phaseis measured with respect to a cosine whose maximum occurs at the left-hand edge of the screen, at
which point it has 0°. Similarly, a positive-goin gsine wav estarting at the left-hand ed g eof the scree n has a –
90° phase. Phase is displayed in degrees.
PowerDen sity: Signa l powe r normalizedto the band width of the equ iv a lent filter asso cia tedwith the FFT
calculation. Suitable for characterizing broadband noise. Pow er Density is displaye d on a logarithmic vertical
axis calibrated in dBm. It is available only with the Wa veAnalyzer option for the Waverunner.
Magnitude: Thepea ksigna l amplitudeis represe n tedon a linear scale,in the same units as the inpu t signal.
Real, Real + Imaginar y, Imaginary : Complex result of the FFT processing in the same units as the input
signal. These are only available with the WaveAnalyzer option.
Use MathTools
12. Now turn the knob to select Von Hann
AC forces the DC component of the input signal to zero before FFT processing, and improves the amplitude
resolu tion. This is especiallyuse ful whe nyou r inpu t has a large DC compo nent.
FFT window s define the bandwidth and shape of the FFT filter. (See Chapter 10, “Use A dvanced M at h
Tools,” for the wind o ws’ filter parame te rs.)
VonH ann(Hanning) windows reduce leakage and improve amplitude accuracy. But they also reduce
frequency resolution.
Rectangular windows should be used when the signal is transient (completely contained in the time-domain
window ) or you know it to have a fundamental frequency component that is an integer multiple of the
fundamental frequency of the window. Other signal types will show varying amounts of spectral leakage and
scallop loss when you use a Rectangular window. To correct this, use another window type.
Hamming reduce s leaka geand improve s amplitude accuracy, but also redu ce s frequ e ncyresolution.
Flat Top provide s exc e llent amplitud eaccu rac ywi th mode ra te leak a g eredu ction,but also reduces freq u e n c y
resolution.
Blackm an–Harris windows reduce leakage to a minimum, but reduce frequency resolution.
13. In thefinalFF T step, press thebuttonto selectthesourcetrace.
The “before” and “after” of your FFT computation is shown on the next page.
andpress thebutton to select AC.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 59
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
FFT PowerSpectrum:Thetopgridshowsthewaveforminthetimedomain,whilethebottomone
shows it in the frequency dom ain, aft er F F T Power S pectrum has been applied. W ith the cursor
m easure tool (positioned here on the left-most peak of the F F T trace) you can read either the time or
fr equency of your waveform. T race A ’s label indicat es 2 M H z per di vi sion in t he frequency domain.
T he memory status field beneath t he grids gives other FFT information.
60 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER F IVE:
DO SUMMED AVERAGING
Now make a Summed Average of your wa veform — again, going on from the previous steps. Averaging is
normallyuse d to elimina te noise.
14. Press the button to select Ave ragefromtheMathTypemenu.
15. Press the button to select
Wave ru nn er starts the calcu la tion immedia tely.
Use MathTools
16. Turntheupperknobtosetthenumberof sweeps
to 4000)
This is counted in the trace label, as shown here, at right:
If theoptional ContinuousAverageis selected,the“for” menubecomes
“with…w eigh ting”. Use it to define the we ight.
(See Chapter 10, “ U se A dv anc ed M at h T o ol s,” for the difference between
summed and continuous averaging.)
17. Finally, press the button to select the source trace:
The type of result you can expect is illustrated on the next page.
(up
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 61
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
S ummed A verage: N oise evident in t he signal shown in t he top t race has been eliminated fromthe
averaged waveform on the lower grid. T he calculat ion was stopped after 206 sweeps. T he num ber of
point s used in the calcul ation is shown in t he informationfield at t he bottom of the screen. The same
number of points means that all point s were used in t he calculation.
62 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
Save and Recall Wav eforms
C HAPTER F IVE:
Use MathTools
Save your waveforms to internal reference memory — M1, M2, M3 or
M4 — or to floppy disk or the optional PC Card slot (Memory card or
HDD). Recall them later for further analysis. You could zoom them or
perform more math.
WAVE
STORAGE
1. Press
and then the button for
2. Use these menus to store your displayed waveform.
To store the w ave form, which you first select from the menu below, to
the memory or f loppy disk (also selected below).
: For each unit of record
NNOOTTEE:
length per channel, or per zoom
an d mathtrace, a po in t can be
stored in the wav efo rmrefer en ce
memories M 1, M2, M3, or M 4.
To select the channel or trace whose wa veform you wish to
store.
To select the internal reference memory , floppy, or optional
storage device the wave form is to be saved to.
See Chapter 12, “Use Waver unner wit h P C ,” for how
to save wa veforms in ASCII format.
RETURN
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 63
3. Presstogobacktothe“W’FORM”menusinordertorecallthe
wavef or m you have stored.
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
4. Press the button for
5. These menus will be displayed. Use them to recall your waveform.
To recall the w aveform from memory or portable storage device.
To recall the selected waveform to the selected trace (see menus below).
Toselect thememoryinwhichthewaveformyouwishto
display is stored.
To sele c t the trace on whichthe recalle dw a v e form is to be
displayed.
: Tran sferw av efor mdata to PC and use the data forcalculation s withspreadsh eet or math
TTIIPP:
software. To do this, save you rw av e fo r m s to floppyoran op tional storage device inthe ASCII for m at.
Waverunner can save to floppy in ASCII traces of up to 50 000 points. You should remember that
waveforms stored in ASCII cannot be called back into the oscilloscope. See Chapter 12, “U se
Waverunner with PC.”
64 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER F IVE:
Use MathTools
OBTAIN A WAVEF ORM OR MEMORY STATU S REPORT
Display a summary of the status of your channels, zoom and math functions, wa veform memories, and
displayed traces. View the settings on your vertical and horizontal controls. Check on how much memory your
Wa verunner scope is using for storage of records. Clear and free up memory .
SCOPE
STATUS
1. Press
to show the STATUS menus.
2. Press the button to select Waveform and the button for the wave form status summary of choice.
3. Press the button to select MemoryUsedto obtain a similar report on what you have stored and how
much memory is available. Memories occupied by wa veforms will be boxed, and empty ones indicated as
such. You can also clear occupied memories by pressing the corresponding menu buttons.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 65
C HAPTER S IX:
In thi s chap te r, see ho w
To print your display using the Waverunner internal printer
To pri nt orplo t yo u rdispl a yw ithan extern a lprinterorpl otter
To create TIFF an d BMP image files
To store and retrieve floppy-disk, PC Memory-card and hard- disk-card files
To give custom nam es to yo urfiles and create director ies
To add ordelete file director ies
To copyfiles fromone portable storage device to ano ther
Docum en t YourWor k
66 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER S IX
Documen t YourWork
MakeaH ardCopy
Make a hard copy of your displayed traces and screen data using the scope’s optional internal printer. Or print
to an exte rnal printer or plotter usingthe rear GPIB, RS-232-C, or Centronics port. Create TIFF andBMP
image files with the scope and save them to floppy disk, or optional PC memory or hard disk card.
UTILITIES
1. Press
2. Then press the button for
to display the UTILITIES menus.
to access thesemenus.
Use them to make a hard copy of your screen.
3. Press to select
theoptional
internal printer,
or another
device to print
or save to (see
next page).
4. Press to turn the auto-print function on or off: On
will print a hard copy after every acquisition.
5. Pressorturntoexpandthewaveformandshowmoredetail.
: Connect anex ternal pr i nte rorplotter
TTIIPP:
using one of the ports on the rear of your
Waverunner scope. Print or plot to an
external device selected fromthe“outp u t to”
menu. A wide range of printers and plotters
canbe used.
6. Press or turn to select the page format.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 67
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
3
7
7. Press
PRINT
SCREEN
to print a copy of the screen display.
TTIIPP:
:Press
PRINT
SCREEN
w h ilepr in tin g to can cel.
PRINT, PLOT, OR COPY
1. Press the button to select a port, the PC Card slot, or floppy-disk drive:
2. Press the button to select a printer, plotter, or graphic protocol (TIFF, BMP , or
HPGL ):
Other menus will appear according to your selection. The “plot size” and “pen number” menus appea r whe n a
plotter is selected. The “background” menu becomes available when a color or compressed TIFF or BMP
graphic protocol is used. This gives you the choice betwe en a black or white background for a screen image.
Wave ru nn er assignsfile nam e s automaticallyw h e ncopy in gto flopp yor optional storage device(seepa g e69).
3. Press the button for
to start a new page each time you perform Step 4.
PRINT
SCREEN
4. Press
to print,plot, or savea copyof thescreendisplayto a printer,plotter, or graphic protocol.
AUTO
SETUP
TRIGGER
ZERO DELAY SETUPSTOPAUTONORMALSINGLE
DELAY LEVEL
OFFSET
CHANNEL
2
SELECT
TIME / DIV
VOLTS / DIV
VmVnss
SETUP
TIMEBASE
ZOOM + MATH
PANELS
UTILITIES
DISPLA Y
ZOOM
STANDBY
RETURN
SCOPEMEASURE
CLEAR
WAVE
STATUS
TOOLS
SWEEPS
STORAGE
ALL INP UTS
Ω
50 5Vrms
Ω
1M 16pF 400Vpk
CAT II
3
POSITIONPOSITION
RESET
ZOOM
MATH
TOOLS
5
ANALOG
PRINT
PERSIST
SCREEN
8
CAL
2
20
R S -232-C printer cabl ing: C onnect your scope t o a variet y of ex ternal print ers us ing t he rear
R S -232-C port. You could also con n ec t to PC via GPI B, and use the com puter to con trol a printer
connected via R S -232-C. S ee Chapter 12, “Use Waverunner with PC,” for computer cabling.
68 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER S IX:
DocumentYourWork
Manage Floppy or Card Files
Use Wave runner mass-storage utilities to create waveform files on floppy-disk, or optional PC memory card or
hard disk card. Give your files custom names, and create directories for them. Copy files from one portable
storagedevicetoanother...
UTILITIES
1. Press
2. Press the button for
Or, if savingto an optiona l device , such as memory card, in the PC Card slot:
3. Follow the on-screen instructions; when saving to floppy disk, press the buttonto
4. From the menus shown for floppy disk or PC Card slot, press the button for
5. Use the menus displayed to format the storage medium in DOS and, in the case of the floppy disk, to
select density . Or copy a machine template (an ASCII file containing binary description information) to the
storagedevice .
RETURN
6. Press
to display the UTILITIES menus.
and then the button for
twicetogobacktotheMASSSTORAGEmenus.
7. Press the button for
These menus allow you to select the working directory, to delete directories, and access the File Name
Preferences and Add N ew Directory menus, described on the following pages.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 69
to displaythe PREFERENCESmenus.
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
8. Press the button to select a directory for file storage and retrieval from the work with menu. Or, the
selected directory can be deleted using the DELETE THIS DIRE CTORY menu.
9. Next,press thebuttonfor
CUSTOMIZEFILENAMES
Waverunner gives default names to your files. But you can also customize them using these menus.
10. Give a custom name to your w ave form, setup, or hardcopy file.
To select the character to be modified using the character menu (below ).
To restore the file typesele cte d in the File Typemen u(se ebelo w)to its
default name .
To valid a te a newlydefinedname.
To move back a space and erase the previous character in the file name.
To move forward and create a space for the insertion of a character.
to access thesemenus.
To select characters — numbers or letters — for creating
the file name, using the knob.
To select the channel of the file type to be customized.
RETURN
11. PresstogobacktoPREFERENCESmenus.
70 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
ADD A NEW DIRECTORY
12. Press the button for
13. Then use these menus to create a new directory for your custom-named files.
C HAPTER S IX:
DocumentYourWork
To select the character to be modified using the character menu (below ).
To valid a te the newdirectory.
To move back a space and erase the previous character in the file name.
To move forward and create a space for the insertion of a character.
To select characters — numbers or letters — for creating
the file name, using the knob.
RETURN
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 71
14. Presstwiceto gobackto theMASS STORAGE menus.
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
COPY FI LES
You can copy files from one portable storage device to another: from a floppy disk in the Wa verunner floppy
disk drive, to a memory card or hard disk card in the scope’s PC Card slot (or vice versa).
15. Press the button for
16. Press the button to select the devices you wish to transfer from and to:
17. Press the button to transfer certain types of file or all files on the storage device:
18. Press the button to
72 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER S IX:
DocumentYourWork
HOWW
AVERUNNERMAN AGE SMASSSTORAGE
When you select M ass S torage U tilities from U T I L IT I E S , the MA S S S T OR A G E
menu group gives you access t o the mass-storage fil e systemcontrols. The system
supports storageand retrieval of data files to and from floppy disk in either the D OS
1.44 MB or 720 k B format.
Waverunner writes and reads all files t o and fromthe floppy disk using the current working
directory.If thenewfilebeingstoredbearsthesamenameasanexistingfileonthesamestorage
medium, the old file will be deleted. The default name of t he worki ng directory is
L E CR OY_ 1.DIR. T his directory is automatically created when the media is formatted. I f the
media is formatted elsew here — for instance on a PC — the directory will be created the first time
afileissavedtothefloppydisk.Themaximumnumberof filesallowedinanyonedirectoryis
2400.
You canchange the name of the working directory to any valid DO S directory name, using t he fil e-
nam e preferences menu. A ll work ing directories are created as sub-directories from the root
direct ory. A s in MS-D O S , t he fil e name can contain up to eight characters followed by anextension
of three characters.
A file is tr eated as: a panel s etup if its extension is PN L ; a waveform if it s extension is a t hreedigit num ber; a waveform template if its extension is T PL ; a hard copy if its extension is T I F ,
BM P, or PR T ; and H PGL if its extension is PL T . T he table below shows how files are nam ed.
FILE OR DIRECT ORY T YPE DEFAULT N AME CUSTOMIZED N AM E
Manually stored waveforms Stt.nnn xxxxxxxx.nnn
Automatically storedwaveforms Att.nnn xxxxxxxx.nnn
Panel files Pnnn.PN L xxxxxnnn.PNL
Dnnn.TIF
Hardcopy files
Dnnn.BMP
Dnnn.PRT
Dnnn.PLT
T emplate files LECROYvv.TPL
Directory name LECROY_1.DIR
xxxxxnnn.TIF
xxxxxnnn.BMP
xxxxxnnn.PRT
xxxxxnnn.PL T
Cannot be changed
xxxxxxxx
Spreadsheet Sttnnn.TXT xxxxxnnn.TXT
MA TL A B Sttnnn.DAT xxxxxnnn.DAT
MathCad Sttnnn.PRN xxxxxnnn.PRN
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 73
P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED
KEY TO MASS-STORAGE T ERMS
w Thetemplateversionnumber:for
x A ny legal D OS file-name character
tt The trace name of C1, C2, C3, C4,
TA , TB, TC, TD
nnn A t hree-digit decimal sequence number
starting at 001 that is automatically
assigned
PLT HPGL plotter or vector files
Thedefault notationfor waveformfiles is Stt.nnn for manually stored files, and Att.nnn for
automatically storedfiles. Thecharacters S and A represent thetwostorage methods. When
automatically generating a file n ame, Waverunn er’s system uses the assigne d nam e plus a three-digit
sequence number. If the assigned waveformname is already in t he default ‘Stt ’ form(such as SC1,
S T B) the name will be changedto the ‘A tt’ form: A C1, A T B and so on. A ll other user-assigned
namesremainasentered.
TIF
BMP
PRT Hard copy printer files
example, for a version 2.2, the template
will be saved as L E C R OY 22 . T P L
Tagged Image F ormat, bitmap image files
If you select
Ax x .002, and so on. Waverunner cont inues storing unt il the storage medium is filled, t he file
number reaches 999, or there are more t han 2 400 files in the current working directory.
If you select
becom es full. The remaining auto-stored waveform files will be renam ed — the oldest group of files
will be named “A xx.0 01”, the second oldest “A xx .002”, and so on.
T he current sequence number is deduced from Waverunner’s inspection of all file names in the
work ing direct ory, regardless of file type — panel, hard copy, or waveform. The oscilloscope
determines t he highest occupied numeric fil e-name extens ion of t he form ‘nnn’, and uses the next
highest number as t he cur rent generat ion number for storage operations. W hen you del et e a file
generation, Waverunner delet es all files designated with the three-digit sequenc e num ber of the filename ex t ension, regardl ess of fil e t ype.
T he m ass-storage file system indicates media size and st orage availability in k bytes where 1 kbyte =
1024 bytes. M any media manufact urers specify t he available st orage in Mbytes where 1 Mbyte = 1
mil lion bytes. T his result s in anapparent mismatch in specified versus act ual media st orage
availability, when in fact t he availability in byt es is identical.
If the floppy’s write-protection switch has been pushed to the active position, Waverunner displays
the message “ D evice is Write Protected” on the upper part of the grid w hen ever the medium is
acces sed for writing.
See Chapter 12, “U s e Waveru nner wi t h P C ,” for how to transfer files to PC .
Fill
and use default names, the first waveform stored will be A x x.001, t he second
Wrap
, the oldest auto-stored waveformfiles will be deleted whenever the medium
74 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
P
P
T
AARRT
T
T
O
WWO
O
LLO
Part Twoof the man ual covers the Wav erunn erfeatures yo u’ll use formor e advan ced w av efor m
op er ation s: RIS and sequence sampl in g, SMART Trigger, Advanced w av efor mpr ocessing .
It also looks deeperinto op er ation s already cover ed in Part One.
Use Part Twoas an advan cedguide and a refe r e n ceforunderstan ding impo r tant functio ns of y o ur
digital oscillosco p e.
O
O
KII
K
N
N
G
G
D
D
E
E
E
E
P
P
E
E
R
R
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 75
C HAPTER S EVEN:
In Part On eyou sawh owto adjust an dset up time b as e. N ext, tak ea closerloo kat the
W av er unn e rtime base sampling modes.
In thi s chap te r, see h ow
Tochoos ea sampl ing mode
To use single-shot or RIS modes
To use sequence mode
Tosampleext ernally
A Questio nof Tim ebase
76 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER S EVEN
A Questionof Time base
Choose a Sampling Mode
Depending on your timebase, you can choose any of three sampling modes: single-shot, RIS (Random
Interleaved Sampling), or roll mode. In addition, on timebases suited to single-shot and roll, the acquisition
memory can be subdivided into user-defined segments to give sequence mode.
SINGLE-SHO T — WAVERUNNER’S B ASIC CAPT URE TECH NIQ UE
A single -shot acq u isition is a series of digitizedvoltagevalu e s sampled on the inpu t signa l at a uniform rate. It
is also a series of me a sured data valu e s associa tedwith a singletrigge r event. The acquisition is typically
stopped a defined number of samples after this event occurs: a number determined by the selected trigger
delay and measured by the timebase. The w ave form’s horizontal position — and wa veform display in general
— is determined using the trigger event as the definition of time zero.
You can choose either a pre- or post-trigger delay . Pre-trigger delay is the time from the left-hand edge of the
Wa verunner grid forwardto the trigger event, while post-trigger delay is the time back to theevent.Youcan
sample the wave form in a range starting w ell before the trigger event up to the moment the event occurs. This
is 100% pre -trigger, and it allows youto seethe w a v eform lead in gup to the point at w hic hthetrigger
condition was met and the trigger occurred. (Wa verunner offers up to one million points of pre-trigger
information.) Post-trigger delay, on the other hand, allows you to sample the wa veform starting at the
equivalent of 10 000 divisions after the event occurred.
Because each Wa verunner input channel has a dedicated ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), the voltage on
ea c h is sam p le dand meas u redat the sameinstant. This allows very relia bletime mea s u rem e n ts betw eenthe
channels.
On fast timebase settings, the maximum single-shot sampling rate is used. But for slowe r timebases, the
sampling rate is decreased and the number of data samples maintained.
The relationship betwe en Waverunner sample rate, memory and time can be simply defined as:
timeCapture ×= ,
and
timeCapture
10
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 77
1
= .
DivisionTime
Memory
RateSample
P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER
RIS—FORHIGHERSAMPLERATES
RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling) is an acquisition technique that allows effective sampling rates higher than
the max im u msingle -sho t samplin grate. It is usedon repe titive wa v eforms with a stable trigger. The max im u m
effective Waverunner sampling rate of 25 GS/ s can be achieved with RIS by making 50 single-shot acquisitions
at 500 MS/ s or 200 MS/ s, depending on model. The bins thus acquired are positioned approximately 40 ps
apart. The process of acquiring these bins and satisfying the time constraint is a random one. The relative time
betwee n ADC sampling instants and the event trigger provides the necessary variation, measured by the
timebase to 5 ps resolution.
It takes Waverunner 30 trigger events to complete a 1 GS/ s RIS acquisition, and 230 events for a 25 GS/ s
acquisition. But sometimes the scope needs many more than this. It then interleaves these segments (Fig. 1) to
provid ea w ave form cove ring a time interval that is a multip leof the max im u msingle -shot samp lin grate.
How eve r,the rea l-time interval ove r wh ichWave runn er collects the waveform data is muc h longe r, and
depends on the trigger rate and the amount of interleaving required. The oscilloscop eis capa bleof acqu iring
approximately 40 000 RIS segments per second.
Segme nt 1
Segme nt 2
Segme nt 3
Finalcapture
Figure 1. Buildup of an RI S waveform.
ROLL — DISPLAYIN RE AL-TIME
Wa verunner roll mode displays in real time incoming points in single-shot acquisitions that have a sufficiently
low data rate. At timebase settings of
the scree nuntil a trigger event is dete ctedand the acqu isition is comp lete. Even whe nreal-time displa yis not
possible, the data will continue to be acquired. This works in the same wa y as a strip-chart recorder: the latest
datais used to updatethetracedisplay. Waveformmathandparameter calculationsareperformedonthe
completed wave forms, after the real-time display has stopped.
≥0.5 s/div the oscilloscoperolls the incomin gdata continu o u slyacross
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S
S
T
SEQUENCE — WORKING WITH SE GMENTS
In seque nce mode, the complete wave form consists of a number of fixed-size segments (Fig. 2) acquired in
single-shot mode (see Wa verunner specifications for the limits). You select the number of segments to be
captured, and can then select each segment, individually , and use it for processing with Math and Measure tools.
Sequ enceoffers a num ber of uniquecapab ilities. With it, yo ucan limit dea dtime between trigger eve n ts for
consecutive segments. Wa verunner can capture in fine detail complicated seque nces of events over large time
intervals, w hile ignoring the uninteresting periods betwee n the events. You can also make time measurements
between events on selected segments using the full precision of the acquisition timebase.
Trigger time stamps of 1 ns resolution are given for ea chof the segments in the Tex t & Times Status men u .
Each individual segment can be zoomed or used as input to math functions.
Wa verunner uses the sequence timebase setting to determine the capture duration of each segment:
10 x time/div. The oscilloscopeuses this setting — with the desire dnumb er of seg m e n ts, maxim u m segm e n t
length and total available memory — to determine the actual number of samples or segments, and time or
points. However, thedisplayof thecompletewaveform withallits segmentsmaynot entirelyfill thescreen.
Sequence mode can also be used in remote operation to take full advantage of W averunner’s high data transfer
cap ability (seeChap te r 12, “Use Waver unner wit h PC,” andthe
Remote Control Manual).
A Questio nof Tim ebase
Segment1
Trigger
Figure 2. How Waverunner captures segments. See page 83 for how t o obtaina sequence status
summary.
egment 2
Trigger
egment 2
rigger
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 79
P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER
PAIRIN G CHAN NE L S (LT 364 SE RIES ONLY)
A pair of channels can be combined on channel 2 or 3, with channels 1 and 4 disabled or available only for triggering.
On these paired channels the maximum sampling rate is doubled and the record length is increased by two times.
Channels are combined to increase sample rate or memory size or both in order to capture and view a signal in all its
detail. When combined, the channels (likethe E XT BNC input) that are not involved in the combination remain
ava ilable for triggering, eventhough theyare not displayed . It is preferable to select “Automatic” to combine channels
and have the remaining acquisition channels available for triggering.The channels available for triggering only would be
ind ica tedby “trig only ” in theAcquis itionSum ma ryField .
Refer to the “Acquisition Modes” table in Appendix A for maximum sample rates.
Combining of C hannels
80 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
UseaSampling Mode
SET UP FOR SINGLE-SHOT OR RIS
TIMEBASE
SETUP
1. Press
and access the TIMEBASE SETUP menus.
2. Use these menus to set up the Waverunner timebase for Single-Shot or RIS.
To select Single -Sho tfor displayof data collected during successive
single-shot acquisitions from the input channels, or
sam p lin grate with a repetitive inpu t signal and stabletrigger.
C HAPTER S EVEN:
A Questio nof Tim ebase
RIS forahigher
To select from an internal or external clock source. See page 83 for
external clock.
To switch Seque ncemodeOnor Off. Use the knob to
choose the number of segments. See next page.
To select the maximum number of samp le s to be
acquired, using the menu knob.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 81
P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER
SET UP FOR SEQUENCE CAPTURE
3. Activate sequence mode using the Sequence menu and then use these
men u s to do sequ e ncesampling.
SCOPE
STATUS
:Press
TTIIPP:
status report on a trace or memory’s sequence segment range.
To select Single -Sho tfor sequence sampling.
To select Internalor external — ECL,OV,TTL — clockmode s . Sele ct
internal unless using an external clock signal (see next page).
You can select a time-out for sequence mode using the UTILITIES,
Special Modes, and Timebase Trigger menu.
and select “Text and Times” to obtain a
To turn Sequ en ce Onor Off.
To select with the knob the maximum record length, in
samples, for each sequence segment.
NNOOTTEE:
: In sequence mode: Press the SIN GL E button and Waverunner will fill the chosen number of
segm e nts and th e nstopcapturi ng . But if thereareno t enoughtri ggerev e ntsto fill the segm e nts,
Waverunner will not stop capturing until you press STOP. If you press N ORM AL the segments will
be filled and the data pr ocessed and display ed. T hen, if mo r e trigger even ts occur, Waver un n erwill
re start capturing fromthefirst segmen t. Whenyou pr e ss AUTO, capturin g willalso be restarted
fro mthe first segmen t, if the time betw eentwo consecutive triggers ex ceeds a selected time-out.
H owever, avoid any unnecessary button pushing and knob turning in Sequence mode.
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OBTAIN A SEQUENCE STAT US SU MMARY
Display a summary of the status of your sequence acquisition.
A Questio nof Tim ebase
SCOPE
STATUS
4. Press
to show the STATUS menus.
5. Press the button to select
Text & Times.
PRINT
SCREEN
TTIIPP:
:Press
to documen t yo urstatus
sum m ar yand mak ea hard cop y. Printin g (and
stor age) oper atio n s will include undisplay ed text.
Press the S COPE S T A T U S button for a full status summary of your sequence acquisition. Use the
Select segment menu and its button and knob to scroll down t he segment l ist.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 83
P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER
OR SAMPLE EXTE RNAL L Y
Use an external clock at a fixed frequency (see Appendix) to control and
synchronize the sampling with an external signal source connected to the
WaverunnerrearEXTsignalinput.
This men uis inactive when the ex terna l sam p leclockis beingused .
Singl e-Shot is sele ctedby default.
To specify the effective threshold for sampling the E XT input: 1.3 V
ECL,0.0Vwith0V,or+1.5VwithTTL selected.
with
To turn Sequence Onor Off. Use the knob to set the
number of segments.
To select with the knob the maximum record length, in
samples, for each segment.
NOT
NNOOTTEE:
: E xternal clock modes are available only if the E XT trigger is
the trigger source. Trigger
timestamps and theAUTO sequence time-out featureare unavaila bl e w h e nyo uuse an exter n al
clock signal. And inter-segment dead time is
NOT
guaranteed.
Exter nal clock time/div is ex p r essedin samp les perdivision , as is the trigger delay, wh ichcan be
adjustednormally.Noattemptismadetomeasurethetimedifferencebetweenthetriggerandthe
ex ter nal clock , so successive acquisitions of the same signalcan appe arto jitter onthe scree n .
Waverunner requires a number of pulses to recognize the external clock signal. It stops capturing
only when the trigger conditions have been satisfied and the appropriate number of data points have
been accumulated. Any adjustment to the T IME / DIV kn ob automatically return s the scop e
to normal (internal) clock operation.
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A Questio nof Tim ebase
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 85
C HAPTER E IGHT:
P
More about E dge triggerin g. And intro ducin g theSMART Triggerran ge for captur in g
comp lexw av efor mcharacteristics.
In thi s chap te r, see h ow
Tohold o ff withEdge Trigger
To capture rare phenomena with Glitch trigger
To set up an ex clusio ntrigger
To determine trigger level, couplin g and slope
Totriggeroninterva ls
To use State and Edge Qualified triggers
To triggeron lost signals using Dro p o ut trigger
TotriggeronTV signals
atter nTrigger
TriggerSmart
86 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
C HAPTER E IGHT
Trigger Smart
Hold Off by TimeorE vents
Holdoff is an additional condition of E dge trigger (see Chapter 2, “Simply Tr i gger ” ). It can be expressed
either as a period of time or an event count. Holdoff disables the trigger circuit for a given period of time or
events after the last trigger occurred. Events are the number of occasions on which the trigger condition is
met. The trigger will again occur when the holdoff has elapsed and the trigger’s other conditions are met. Use
holdoff to obtain a stable trigger for repetitive, composite wave forms. For example, if the number or duration
of sub-signals is known you can disable them by choosing an appropriate holdoff value. Qualified triggers
operate using conditions similar to holdoff (see pag e100).
HOLD OFF BY TIME
Sometimes you can achieve a stable display of complex, repetitive w ave forms by placing a condition on the
time betw ee n each successive trigger event. This time would otherwise be limited only by the input signal, the
coupling, and Wa verunner’s bandwidth. Select a positive or negative slope, and a minimum time betwe en
triggers. Thetrigger isgeneratedwhen thecondition is met after theselectedholdoff time, countedfromthe
last trigger (Fig.1) . Any time betw een10 ns and20 s can be selec ted . The dela yis initialized and started on eac h
trigger.
Trigger Source: Positive Slope
Trigger
Event
Triggercanoccur
Hold-off time Hold-off time
Generated T rigger
Trigger initiates
hold-off timer
Trigger
Event
Trigger
Event
Trigger initiates
hold-off timer
F igure 1. E dge Trigger with H oldoff by T ime. The bold edges on the trigger source indicate that a
positive slope has been selected. T he broken upwa rd-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, w hich
wou ld occu r if other conditions are m et. T he bold arrows indicate where the triggers actually occu r
w hen the holdoff t ime has been exceeded.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 87
P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER
HOLD OFF BY E VEN TS
Select a positive or negative slope and a number of events. An event is the number of times the trigger
condition is met after the last trigger. A trigger is generated when the condition is met after this number,
coun tedfrom the last trigge r. The count is initialize d and started on eachtrigger . For ex a m p le, if the selected
event number is two (Fig. 2), the trigger will occur on the third event. From one to 99 999 999 events can be
sele cted.
Trigger Source: Positive Slope
Trigger
Event
Event
#1
Event
#2
Trigger
Event
Event
#1
Event
#2
Trigger
Event
Triggercanoccur
Hold-off by 2 events Hold-off by 2 events
Generated Trig ger
Trigger
Trigger initiates
hold-off timer
initiates
hold-off
timer
F igure 2. E dge Trigger with H oldoff by E vents (in this example, two events). T he bold edges on the
triggersourceindicatethatapositiveslopehasbeenselected.Thebroken,upward-pointingarrows
indicate potential triggers, while the bold ones show where triggers actually oc cu r after the holdoff
expires.
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TriggerSMART
You have seen how to trigger on signals using Edge trigger, and the conditions of level, coupling and slope,
and holdoff. Wave runner also offers a range of sophisticated triggers that enable you to trigger on these
conditions, as w ell as many other complex wa veform characteristics. Use the SMART Trigger range to set
additional qualifications before a trigger is generated. Catch rare phenomena such as glitches or spikes, specific
log ic states, or missing bits. Capture intervals , abnormal signals , or TV signals . Trigger on state or ed g equalified
events and dropouts.
CATCH A GLITCH
Findingandcapturingelusi v eglitches — abnormallyw id epulses in a signa l — is simplewith the Glitch trigger.
1. Connect your signal to the Waverunner.
1
2. Simultaneously press the second and fifth menu buttonsfrom the top, and
default power-upsettings.A nd turnoff anyunwanteddisplayedtrace.
to returnthescopeto its
3. Press the button for
AUTO
SETUP
4. Press
w ould reveal the occasional glitch. The goal of the measurement is to catch this event by setting a trigger
adapted to it.
5. Press TRIGGER
6. Press the button for and display these menus:
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 89
and then
STOP
to display a normal w ave form. Viewing this signal during several captures
SETUP
and then the button to select
and set Coupling to match the source signal’s impedance .
P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER
Use these menus to set up to trigger on a glitch, or to create an exclusion trigger
(see pag e93).
7. Sele ct Glitchto catch pulses of a chosen width. Capture narrow
pulses less than or equal to, or greater than or equal to, a given
time limit: the pu lse ’s w idth. You can also set up to exclu d eor
include certain events (see page 93).
8. Select the trigger source. This could be a signal on a channel, the
line voltage that powe rs the Wave runner or the E X T connector.
9. Sele ct the coup lingfor the trigger source .
10. Place the trigger point at the end of a positive or negative slope.
SeeNNOOTTEEthispage.
11. Press the button to set to Onandtotriggerif the
pulseislessthanorequaltothevaluesetwiththe
knob (ran ge :2.5 ns to 20 s).Use in com b inatio n
with “ width ≥”below.
12. Press the button to set to Onandtotriggerif the
pulse is greater than or equal to the value set with
the knob (range: 2.5 ns to 20 s). Use in combination
with “ width ≤,” combine d to target glitches w ithin
(“&”) a certain range if the “width ≤”valueis
greater than the “width ≥”value.“OR”inthemenu
indicates that glitches above or belowthis range will
be targeted.
NNOOTTEE:
: Wav er un n ermust first “see” the pulse
befor e it can tell its widthand kno wexactly
w he ntotrigger. If th eglitchonwhi chy ou
want to tr iggeris ona negati ve pu l se , ch oo se
“Pos” fr omthe at end of men u. But if the
: Use Persistence to rev eal the glitch shap e,
TTIIPP:
th e nmatchthetri ggerlevelto thelev e lat
w h ichthe glitch app ear s.
glitch is ona po sitivepulse,
choose “N eg.”
NORMAL
13. Press
to arm the scope. Then wa it for the trigger condition to become valid. See next page .
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T rigger on a glit ch of width≤5.0 ns onthe negative sl ope. Here, the glitch is marked by arrow
cursors on the waveform. T race A on the lower grid is a zoom of the waveform on the top grid.
I nformation on the t rigger is given beneath t he grid.
: If, forex am p le, the glitch’s width is lowerthanthe signal’s, set the trigger to a small erwidth
NNOOTTEE:
th anthat of the sign al . Th esignal ’swid thas determ i nedby th eWave r u nne rtriggercomp a rator
depen ds onthe DC trigger level. And if that level w er e to be set at the middle of a sine wav e, for
ex amp le, the width could thenbe consider ed as the half perio d. But if the level w er e higher, the
signal’s width w ould be considered to be less thanthe half perio d.
LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January 2002 91
P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER
HOWG
P ulse s maller t han selec t ed pulse width:
(F ig. 3). This glit ch trigger i s generated on the selected edge when t he pulse width is
less than or equal t o the selected width.
The t iming for the width is initialized and restarted on the opposite s l ope to t hat selected. Widths of
between 2.5 ns and 20 s canbeselected, but typically triggering will occur onglitches 2 ns wide.
LITCHTRIGGERWORKS
S elect a maximumpulse width
TriggerSource
Glitch
Width
Glitch
Width
Triggercanoccur
Width
Selected
Width
Selected
Generated T rigger
Figure 3. Glitch T rigger: in this example t riggering ona pulse width less t han or equal t o t he width
selected. The broken upward arrow indicates a potential trigger, w hile the bold one shows where the
actual trigger occurs.
92 ISSUED: January2002 L TXXX-OM-E Rev B
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