Lecroy waverunner 1 schematic

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LeCroyCorporation

700 Chestnut Ridge Road Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977–6499 Tel: ( 845)578 6020, Fax: (845)578 5985

Internet: www .lecroy.com

LeCroy,ProBusandSMART Trig ger are registered trademarks,and ActiveDSO, ScopeExplorer, WaveAnalyzer and Waverunner are trademarks, of LeCroy Corporation. Centronics is a registered trademark of Data Computer Corp. Epson is a registered trademark of E psonAmericaInc.Mathcad isa registered trademark of MATHSOFT Inc. MATLAB isa registered tradema rk of The MathWorks, Inc. Microsoft, MS and Microsoft Access are registered tradema rks, and Windows and NT trademarks,of Micro soft Corporation.PowerPC is are gistered trad emarkof IBM Microelectronics.Des kJet, ThinkJet, QuietJet, LaserJet, PaintJet, HP 7470 andHP 7550 are registere dtrad e m a rk s of Hew lett-Packa rd Comp a ny.

LTXXX-OM-E Rev B

T ABLE OF C ONTENTS

INTRODUCTION FIRST T H INGS

WhenYourW av erun neris Delivered… ........................................................................................... 3

CHECK THAT YOU HAVE E VE RYTHING ..................................................................................................3

BE SURE TO RE AD THIS W ARRANTY .........................................................................................................3

TAKE ADVANTAGE OF MAINTE NANCE AGRE EMENTS..................................................................4

OBTAIN ASSISTANCE .........................................................................................................................................4

RETURN A PRODUCT FOR SE RVICE OR REPAIR ..................................................................................4

STAY UP-TO-DATE ...............................................................................................................................................4

Saf etyFirst

OPERATE IN A SAFE ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................6

GET TO KNOW THE WARNING SYMBOLS...............................................................................................6

CHOOSE THE CORRECT POWER SOURCE ...............................................................................................7

MAINTAIN POWER GROUND.........................................................................................................................7

REPLACE WITH THE CORRECT FUSES ......................................................................................................8

CL E AN YOUR WA VE RUNNE R (BUT LET US MAINTAIN IT)..............................................................8

Upand Running ..............................................................................................................................9

GET TO KNOW W A VERUNNE R — FRONT PANEL ...............................................................................9

INSTALL AND POWER UP.................................................................................................................................9

GET TO KNOW W A VERUNNE R — BACK PANEL ................................................................................10

INITIALIZE ............................................................................................................................................................12

CHECK YOUR WA VERUNNE R SYSTEM....................................................................................................12

ADD AN OPTION? ..............................................................................................................................................13

UPDATE TO THE LATEST FIRMW ARE? ....................................................................................................13

SAVE THE SCREE N (AN D ENE RGY)..........................................................................................................13

DO YOU PRE FE R YOUR CONTROLS WITH SOUND AND AUTO-RE PEAT? .............................14

........................................................................................................1

............................................................................................................3

..........................................................................................................................6

PPAARRTTOONNEE::GGEETTTTIINNGGSSTTAARRTTEED

CHAPTER ONE:

ViewYourWav eform......................................................................................................................17

USE TIME / DIV TO ADJUST THE TIMEBASE .........................................................................................19

ADJUST SENSITIVITY AND POSITION.....................................................................................................20

ZOOM AND SCROLL AUTOMATICAL LY..................................................................................................20

USE THE POSITION AND ZOOM CONTROLS.......................................................................................22

SET UP THE TIMEBASE ...................................................................................................................................23

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 iii

CATCH A NE W WAVE

...............................................................17

D .............................15

T ABLE OF C ONTENTS

SET THE COUPLING.........................................................................................................................................24

SET UP FOR CAL AND BNC SIGNALS ....................................................................................................... 25

CHAPTER TWO:

Edge Trigge ronSim ple Signal s.....................................................................................................29

CONTROL TRIGGERING ................................................................................................................................29

SET UP AN EDGE TRIGGER .........................................................................................................................30

USE WINDOW TRIGGER.................................................................................................................................33

TRIGGE R SOURCE .............................................................................................................................................34

OBTAIN A TRIGGER STATUS SUMMARY ................................................................................................35

CHAPTER THREE:

DisplayPer s istence........................................................................................................................37

VIEW SIGNAL CHANGES OVER TIME .....................................................................................................37

SET UP YOUR DISPLAY....................................................................................................................................38

SET UP FOR PERSISTENCE ............................................................................................................................ 39

CHOOSE A GRID STYLE ................................................................................................................................. 40

Save andRecallYourPan el Setups.................................................................................................42

SAVE PANEL SETUPS ........................................................................................................................................ 42

RECALL PANEL SETUPS..................................................................................................................................43

CH APTER F OUR:

Mea s ure withCursors ....................................................................................................................4 5

CONTROL THE TIME CURSORS .................................................................................................................. 45

CONTROL THE AMPL ITUDE CURSORS...................................................................................................46

Mea s ure Automatic a llywit hParameter s ........................................................................................50

CHOOSE A STANDARD PARAMETER ....................................................................................................... 51

TURN OFF CURSORS AND PARAMETERS...............................................................................................52

SIMPLYT RIGGER

..................................................................... 29

DISPLAYYOURSIGNAL

CHOOSE A M EASUR E T OOL

...................................................... 37

................................................ 45

CH APTER F I VE:

Make MathEasy............................................................................................................................55

SET UP TO DO W AVEFORM MATHEMATICS......................................................................................... 56

USE A MATH TOOL ...........................................................................................................................................57

PE RFORM AN FFT OPERATION .................................................................................................................. 58

DO SUMMED AVERAGING ............................................................................................................................ 61

Save andRecallWaveforms............................................................................................................6 3

OBTAIN A W AVEFORM OR ME MORY STATUS REPORT...................................................................65

CHAPTER SIX:

Make a Hard Copy.........................................................................................................................6 7

PRINT, PLOT OR COPY .................................................................................................................................... 68

Manage Floppyo rCar dFil es.........................................................................................................69

CUSTOMIZE FILE NAMES.............................................................................................................................. 70

ADD A NEW DIRE CTORY...............................................................................................................................71

USE MATH T OOLS

.................................................................... 55

DOCUMEN T YOUR WORK

......................................................... 67

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Table of Contents

COPY FIL ES ...........................................................................................................................................................72

PPAARRTTTTWWOO::LLOOOOKKIINNGGDDEEEEPPEER

CHAPTER SEVEN:

Choosea Sam pling Mod e.............................................................................................................. 7 7

SINGL E-SHOT — WA VE RUNNER’S BASIC CAPTURE TECHNIQUE ............................................77

RIS — FOR HIGHE R SAMPL E RATES.........................................................................................................78

ROLL — DISPL AY IN RE AL-TIME ................................................................................................................78

SEQUENCE — WORKING WITH SE GMENTS........................................................................................79

PAIRING CHANNELS ........................................................................................................................................80

Usea Sam pling Mod e............................................................................................................... ......81

SET UP FOR SINGLE-SHOT OR RIS ............................................................................................................81

SET UP FOR SEQUE NCE CAPTURE ............................................................................................................82

OBTAIN A SE QUENCE STATUS SUMMARY.............................................................................................83

OR SAMPL E EXTERNALLY.............................................................................................................................84

CHAPTER EIGHT:

Hold Off byTime orEven t s......................................................................................................... 87

HOLD OFF BY TIME ..........................................................................................................................................87

HOLD OFF BY EVENTS ...................................................................................................................................88

TriggerSMART ............................................................................................................................. 89

CATCH A GLITCH...............................................................................................................................................89

CAPTURE RARE PHEN OMENA....................................................................................................................93

TRIGGE R ON INTERVALS ..............................................................................................................................96

QUALIFY A SIGNAL .........................................................................................................................................100

TRIGGE R ON L OST SIGNAL S .....................................................................................................................103

TRIGGE R ON TV SIGNALS...........................................................................................................................106

TRIGGE R PATTERN .........................................................................................................................................108

A QUESTION OF T IM EBASE

TRIGGER SMART

...................................................................87

R.............................. 7 5

...............................................77

CH APTER NINE:

Tra nsformYourVision................................................................................................................. 113

“Paint” YourDisp lay....................................................................................................................116

CHANGE YOUR PAL E TTE ............................................................................................................................117

Set Up XY Display........................................................................................................................120

CHAPTER TEN:

ComputeExtrema W av eforms......................................................................................................125

Rescale andAssignUnits.............................................................................................................127

Enhan c eResolut i on .....................................................................................................................12 8

Do More withFFT .......................................................................................................................132

DO FFT AVE RAGE ............................................................................................................................................132

DO ADDITIONAL PROCE SSING................................................................................................................132

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 v

DISPLAYMORE

.......................................................................113

USE ADVAN CE D MATH TOOLS

............................................ 125

T ABLE OF C ONTENTS

USE CURSORS WITH FFT ..............................................................................................................................132

SET FFT SPAN .....................................................................................................................................................135

UseanAdvanced MathFunction................................................................................................. 137

ResampletoDeskew.................................................................................................................... 138

Plo tTrends................................................................................................................................... 139

READ TRE NDS...................................................................................................................................................141

CH APTER ELEVEN:

UseCusto mParamete rs............................................................................................................... 14 5

CUSTOMIZE A PARAMETE R .......................................................................................................................146

Test forPass andFail...................................................................................................................147

SET UP A PASS/ FAIL TEST...........................................................................................................................147

PASS/ FAIL TEST ON A MASK .....................................................................................................................148

MAKE A WA VE FORM MASK ........................................................................................................................149

CHANGE A TE ST ACTION ............................................................................................................................149

Choosea Parameter......................................................................................................................153

CH APTER TWELVE:

Tra nsfe rData and ImagestoPC.................................................................................................. 161

EXPL ORE YOUR SCOPE ................................................................................................................................162

MONITOR YOUR REMOTE CONTROL OPERATIONS.....................................................................163

Save Wa veforms inASCII............................................................................................................. 164

SAVE IN AN ASCII FORMAT.........................................................................................................................165

UseASCII Fo rmats......................................................................................................................167

SAVE TO SPREADSHE E T...............................................................................................................................167

PL OT A W AVEFORM IN SPREADSHEE T ................................................................................................170

USE MATHCAD..................................................................................................................................................171

USE MATLAB ......................................................................................................................................................173

PPAARRTTTTHHRREEEE::WWAAVVAAOOPPTTIIOON

CH APTER THIRTEEN:

A Valua bleTool forWavef ormAn alysis........................................................................................177

SET UP FOR HISTOGRAMS ..........................................................................................................................177

PARAME TER MATH.........................................................................................................................................185

ANALYZE WITH PARAMETERS

USE WAVERUN N E R WITH PC

N ................................175

PARAMET ERS

...............................................................177

.....................................145

.......................................161

CH APTER F OURTEEN:

Createan dViewa Histo gram...................................................................................................... 19 1

SETTING BINNING AND SCALE ...............................................................................................................196

CHOOSING HISTOGRAM PARAMETE RS...............................................................................................200

USING MEASURE MENT CURSORS...........................................................................................................201

ZOOMING SEGMENTED TRACES............................................................................................................203

CHAPTER FIFTEEN:

Theory of Ope ration....................................................................................................................2 05

MAKI NG HISTOGRAMS

HOW HISTOGRAMS WORK

.............................................191

............................................205

vi ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

Table of Contents

DSO PROCE SS.....................................................................................................................................................206

PARAME TER BUFFER .....................................................................................................................................206

CAPTURE OF PARAMETER EVE NTS .......................................................................................................207

HISTOGRAM PARAMETERS.........................................................................................................................207

ZOOM TRACE S AND SEGME NTED W A VE FORMS ............................................................................208

HISTOGRAM PEAKS ........................................................................................................................................208

BINNING AND MEASURE MENT ACCURACY......................................................................................209

CHAPTER SIXTEEN :

avg ................................................................................................................................................211

fwhm.............................................................................................................................................212

fwxx..............................................................................................................................................213

hamp l............................................................................................................................................214

Hbase...........................................................................................................................................2 15

high...............................................................................................................................................216

hm edia n........................................................................................................................................217

hrms..............................................................................................................................................218

hto p ........................................................................................................................... ....................219

low ................................................................................................................................................220

m axp.............................................................................................................................................221

m ode.............................................................................................................................................222

p c t l................................................................................................................................................223

p ks................................................................................................................................................224

range.............................................................................................................................................2 26

sigma ............................................................................................................................................227

to t p................................................................................................................................................2 28

xapk..............................................................................................................................................229

APPENDIX:

Inst rument Arc hitect ur eOvervie w...............................................................................................231

PROCE SSORS.......................................................................................................................................................231

ADCs .......................................................................................................................................................................231

MEMORIES...........................................................................................................................................................231

RIS............................................................................................................................................................................231

TRIGGE R SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................231

AUTOMATIC CAL IBRATION ........................................................................................................................232

DISPLAY SYSTEM ..............................................................................................................................................232

INTERFACE AND PAN EL SETUPS.............................................................................................................232

REMOTE CONTROL ........................................................................................................................................232

Sp ecif ications................................................................................................................................2 34

MODELS................................................................................................................................................................234

ARCHI TECTU RE AND SPECI FICAT I O NS

HISTOGRAM PARAMETERS

..........................................211

................................... 231

ACQUISITION SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................234

TIMEBASE SYSTEM ..........................................................................................................................................235

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 vii

T ABLE OF C ONTENTS

TRIGGE RING SYSTE M ...................................................................................................................................236

SMART TRIGGER TYPES...............................................................................................................................236

AUTOSETUP........................................................................................................................................................237

PROBES .................................................................................................................................................................237

COLOR W A VE FORM DISPLAY ....................................................................................................................237

ANALOG PERSISTENCE DISPLAY............................................................................................................237

ZOOM EXPANSION TRACES.......................................................................................................................237

RAPID SIGNAL PROCESSING .....................................................................................................................238

INTERNAL WA VE FORM MEMORY ...........................................................................................................238

SETUP STORAGE ..............................................................................................................................................238

MATH TOOLS .....................................................................................................................................................238

MEASURE TOOLS.............................................................................................................................................239

EXTENDED MATH AND ME ASUREME NTS OPTION......................................................................239

W A VE ANALYZER OPTION...........................................................................................................................239

SPECIAL APPLICATION SOLUTIONS ......................................................................................................239

INTERFACE .........................................................................................................................................................240

OUTPUTS..............................................................................................................................................................240

GENERAL ..............................................................................................................................................240

GL O SSARY O F T ECHNI CAL TER MS

...................................................................243

v iii ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

I NTRO DUCTION

Ab out this Manua l

Like the Waverunner scope itself, this manual is designed to make your measurements as ea sy as “1–2–3.” Each section show syoustep bystep howto usethe oscilloscop eto solve simple or complexproble m s .

Use the manual with Waverunner in front of you. Then you’ll see clearly just wha t is being referred to; and you can immediately put into action what is described.

The manual has two main parts: Part One, “G et t i ng St ar t ed,” is for new users and basic operations. It explains the most important

Wa verunner features, and shows you howto apply them. Use it when starting out and for getting quick results. Part Two, “ L ooki ng D eeper ,” goes into more detail. It explains how to perform complex measurements

using more advanced Wa verunner functions. It also looks more deeply into operations covered in Part One. Use it for tackling demanding tasks, or as a reference for understanding better howyour scope works.

Consult theglossa ry for clarification of oscillosco p eandrelatedterms. As an additional guide, each chapter is prefaced by a summary of its contents. Wa tch for panels and sections throughout the manual marked by these icons:

s offer additional hints on how to get the most out of Wave runner actions or features.

TTIIPPs

s bring to your attention important information you should know.

NNOOTTEEs

Thesections marke d by the magn ifyinggla ss , and printedin italic tex t, “zoom” on particula r topics. They offer more information on the subject, where appropriate.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 1

F IRST T HINGS...

In th is preface, see how

Tomakesure yo uhave everything To ope rate withsafety To get to kno wy ourWav er un n erscope Toinstalland po werup To initialize To checkthe systemstatus To install newsoftware an d firmware To activate the scree nsave r To use menus, men u button s and kn obs To choose button an d kno b pr efer en ces

First

2 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

F IRST T HINGS

WhenYo urW aver unn eris Deliver ed

CHECK THAT YOU HAVE EVERYTHING

First, verify that all items on the packing list or invoice copy have been shipped to you. (The items are also listed below.) Seco nd , chec kthe SYSTEM STATUS displa yonceyo u r W ave runner oscilloscope is installe d(se e page 12). Contact your nearest LeCroy customer service center or national distributor if anything is missing or damaged. If there is something missing or damaged, and you do not contact us immediately , we cannot be responsiblefor repla ce me nt.

The follow ing is shipped w ith the standard Waverunner scope:

10:110MΩ PP006 Passive Probe — one per channel AC Pow er Cord and Plug Performan ceor Calibration Certificate Front Scope Cover Two 250 V Fuses

Operator’s Manual RemoteControlManual Quick R eference G uide

Declaration of Conformity .

NNOOTTEE:

other warranties, expressed or implied, including but no t limited to anyimpl ied warranty of merchantability, fitness, or adequacy foranyparticular purpo se or use. L eCroy shall not be liable for any special, incidental, orconse quen tial damages, wh eth erin con tr act or oth er w ise. T he customeris respo n sible fo rthe transpo rtatio nandins urance ch arges forth eretu r nof pr oductsto the service facility. LeCroywill return all pr oducts underwarranty w ith tr a nspo rt prepaid.

: The warr an ty belowreplaces all

BE SURE TO READ TH IS WARRANTY The Waverunner oscilloscope is warranted for normal use and operation, within specifications, for a

period of three years from shipment. L eCroy will either repair or, at our option, replace any product r e turn e dto on eof ourauth or i ze dservice cente rs withinth isperiod. Howeve r, in or d e rto dothisw e must first examine the product and find that it is defective due to workmanship or materials and not due to misuse, neglect, accident, orabno rm alcondition s orop er ation .

Spare an d rep lacemen t parts, and rep airs, all hav e a 90-day war r an ty. The oscillo sco p e ’s firm ware has beentho r o ugh lytested and is presumed to be functional.

Never th el ess, it is sup p lied with o ut w arranty of an ykin d co v ering detailed per for man ce. Pro ducts n ot made by LeCro yare cov er edsolely by the w ar r an tyof theor iginal equipmen t man ufactur er.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 3

F IRST T HINGS

TAKE ADVANTAGE OF MAINTENAN CE AGREEMEN TS

W e offer a variety of services under the heading of Maintenance Agreeme nts. These give extended wa rranty and allow you to budget maintenance costs after the initial three-year w arranty has expired. Installation, training, enhancements, and on-site repairs — among other services — are available through special supplemental support agreements. Inquire at your L eCroy customer service center or national distributor.

OBTAIN ASSISTANCE

Help with installation, calib ration, and the use of your Wa verunne r scop ein a rang eof a p plications is a lso available from your customer service center.

RE T U RN A PRODUCT F OR SE RVICE OR RE PAIR

If you do need to return a L eCroy product, identify it by its model and serial numbers (see page 12). Describe the defect or failure, and provide your name and contact number.

Forfactoryreturns, use a Return AuthorizationNumber (RAN), obtainable from customer service. Attach it so that it can be clearly seen on the outside of the shipping package to ensure rapid forw arding within LeCroy.

Return those products requiring only maintenance to your customer service center.

Within the warranty period, transportation charges to the factory will be your responsibility , while products under warranty will be returned to you with transport prepaid by LeCroy . Outside the wa rranty period, you will ha veto provideus with a purch a seorde r nu mb e r before thew o rk can be done. Youw ill be billedfor parts and labo r relatedto the repair work, as well as for shipping.

Youshouldprepayreturnshipments.LeCroycannotacceptCOD (CashOnDelivery)orCollectReturn shipments. We recommend using air freight.

STAY UP-TO-DATE

To maintain you r Waverunner scope’s performance within specifications, have us calibrate it at least once a year. LeCroy offers state-of-the-art technology by continually refining and improving the instrument’s capabilities and operation. We frequently update both firmwa re and softwa re during service, free of charge during war r anty.

: If y ou needto re tu rn

TTIIPP:

y ourscop e, use th e or iginal shipping carton. If this is not po ssibl e, the carto nused sho uld be r igid. The scop e sh o uld be pack edso that it is surr o un de d by a min im umof four inches (10 cm) of shock absor ben t material.

Yo ucan also install newfirmware yo u rse lf, w ithou t theneed of afactory refit. Simplyprovide us w ith yo u r Wa verunner serial numbe r and ID, and the version number of the software already installed (see page 12), along with ordering information. W e will provide youwith a unique option key that has a code to be entered through the instrument’s front pane l to upgrade your software. In addition, the very latest versions of LeCroy’s uniq u eoscilloscop esoftw are ap p lica tions can be downloade dfrom the Internet, free of cha rge. Include dare

ScopeExplorer and ActiveDSO.

4 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

First

ScopeExploreris a highly practical PC-based connectivity tool that interfaces W ave runner to a PC that is

running Microsoft Windows, via the rear panel GPIB (IE EE 488) or RS-232 port. Specia llydes ig n ed by LeCroy for its oscilloscopes, ScopeExplorer allows you to perform data and image transfers and other remote operations from scope to PC with just a few key board strokes or mouse clicks. See Chapter 12, “Use Waver unner wit h PC ,” for more about using ScopeExplorer w ith you r W ave runner scope.

S copeE xplorer now has a virtual front panel to allow full cont rol of remote scopes.

Activ eDSO w orks on any PC running Windows 95, 98 or NT, and enables you to exchange data with a variety of Window s applications or programming languages that support the ActiveX standard, such as MS

Office, Internet Explorer, Visual Basic, Visual C++ and Visual Java. ActiveDSO hides the intricacies of programming for each of these interfaces and provides a simple and consistent interface to the controlling application. You can also visually embed ActiveDSO in any OL E automation compatible client and use it manually without programming. You could, for example, generate a report by importing scope data straight

into E xcel or Word, analyze your wave forms by bringing them directly into MathCad, archive measurement results “on the fly” in a Microsoft Access database, and automatetests usingVisual Basic, Java,C++, or

Excel (VBA). Visit our websiteat http://www.lecroy.com/softwareto download these and other free softwa re applications.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 5

F IRST T HINGS

Safet yFirst

OPERATE IN A SAFE ENVIRONMENT

Beforeinstallingyour Waverunner, ensurethat its ope rating environment will be maintained within these parameters:

Temperature: 5 to 40 °C (41 to 104 °F) Humidity: <80% RH (non-condensing) Altitude: <2000 m (6560 ft) Operation: Indoor use only

GET TO KNOW TH E WARNING SYM B O LS

Wherever these warning signs appear on the Waverunner’s front or rear pane ls, or in this manual, they alert you

to aspects of safety .

CAUTION: Refer to accompa n y ing documents (for safety related information).

See elsewhere in this manual wherever this symbol is present, as indicated in the Table of Contents.

CAUTION: Risk of Electric Shock

On (Supply)

❘

: Waver un n erhas been qualified

NNOOTTEE:

to the following E N 6101 0-1 category:

Protection Class Installation (Over voltage)

Category Pollution Degree 2

Any use of the instrument in a manner n o t specif ied by the manufacturermay im pairthe instrument’s safe ty pr o tection. Wav erun n erhas design ed to make direct measur em ents on thehumanbody . N ever connect the Waverunner to a livin g per son .

WARNING

WARNINGWARNING

NOT

been

Standby

CAUTION

CAUTIONCAUTION

Do not ex ceed th e maximumspecified inp ut voltage levels

Earth (Ground) Terminal

6 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

Protective Conductor Terminal

First

: W av erunnerautom atically

NNOOTTEE:

adapts to th eline v oltage presen t:

Chassis Terminal

Alternating Current Only

WARNING

CH O OSE T HE CORRECT POWER SOUR CE

W ave runn e r op e ra tes from a single-pha se, 115 V (90 to 132 V) or 220 V (180 to 250 V), AC (~) power sou rce at 45 Hz to 66 Hz.

No voltage selection is required because the instrument automatically adapts to line voltage. The power supply of the oscilloscope is protected against short circuit and overload by one 5x20 mm fuse (T 6.3 A/ 250 V). See next page for replacement procedure.

Denotes a hazard. If a WARNING is indicated on the instrument, do not proceed until its conditions are understood and met (see also CAUTION).

115 V

(90–132V)

220 V

(1 8 0–25 0V)

45–66 H z

MAINTAIN POWER GROUND

Maintain the groundline to avo id electric shock .

The current-carrying conductors cannot exce ed 250 V rms with respect to ground potential. Wave runner is provided w ith a three-wire electrical cord containing a three-terminal polarized plug for line voltage and safety ground connection. The plug’ s ground terminal is connected directly to the frame of the unit. For adequa te protection against ele c trical haza rd,this plug must be inserted into a mating outlet containinga safety ground contact. Set the pow er switch to STANDBY before connecting or disconnecting the powe r cord.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 7

F IRST T HINGS

RE PL ACE WITH THE CORRE CT FUSE S

For con tinued fire protection at all line voltages, repla cefuses only w ith those of the specified typ eand rating . Disconnect the powe r cord before inspecting or replacing a fuse. Open the fuse holder (located directly to the

left of the mains pow e r plug) using a small, flat-bladed screwdriver. Remove the old fuse and replace it w ith a ne w5x20 mm fuse(T 6.3 A/250 V).

CLEAN YOUR WAVERUNNER (BUT LET US MAINTAIN IT)

Maintenance and repairs should be carried out exclusively by a LeCroy technician. Clean only the exterior of your Waverunner, using a damp , soft cloth. Do not use chemicals or abrasive

ele m ents. Unde r no circumstance s allowmoisture to p e n etrate theoscilloscop e. To avoid elec tric shock s , disconnect the instrument from the pow er supply before cleaning .

CAUTION

Risk of electr ic shock. N o user serviceable parts inside. Leave repair to qualified person n el.

8 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

Up and Running

EXTC

C t

o l

n o P

r i t

GET TO KNOW YOUR WAVERUNNER – FRONT PANEL

First

On/

Stand-by

Display

enu Controls Timebase Controls

AUTO SE TUP

Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel3 Channel4

(Channels 3 and 4 on four-channel models only)

Floppy DiskDrive

AUTO

SETUP

ZERO DELAY SETUP STOP AUTO NORMAL SINGLE

DELAY LEVEL

RETURN

TOOLS

IME / DIV

PANELS

UTILITIES

DISPLAY

STANDBY

WAVE

STORAGE

SETUP

TIMEBASE

STATUS

TRIGGER

ZOOM + MATH

ZOOM

SCOPEMEASURE

ALL INPUTS 50 5Vrms 1M 16pF 400Vpk CAT II

OFFSET

VOLTS / DIV

VmVnss

RESET

MATH

TOOLS

CLEAR

SWEEPS

Ω Ω

POSITIONPOSITION

ZOOM

SCREEN

Ground

CHANNEL

SELECT

ANALOG PERSIST

Controls

Trigger

Controls

Channel

Z om and M a

A al g

CAL

s s enc

Waverunner main front panel cont rol s and features.

IN STALL AND POWE R UP

1. Before powe ring up, check that the local pow e r source corresponds to Waverunner’s power range (see page 7).

2. Use the cable provided to connect the scope to the powe r outlet through its rear panel receptacle (see next page).

3. Turn the scope on by pressing the On button at the bottom left-hand corner of the Wave runner front panel (see above).

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 9

F IRST T HINGS

Before a displayapp e a rs , theinstrume nt w ill automaticallype rform hardw are andsoftw a reself-tests, followed by a full system calibration. The front pane l STANDBY L ED w ill be lit during this seque nce. The full testing procedure will take about 10 seconds, after which a display appe ars.

UTILITIES

4. Press

to display the UTIL ITIES on-screen menus.

5. Then press the button beside the menu

GET TO KNOW WAVERUNNER – BACKPANEL

RS-232-C Port

Centronics Port

External MonitorPort

to set thetimeanddate.

PC C ard Slot

(Memor y/H ard-Disk card )

GPIB Port

PowerInputBN C SignalOutput

Use the RS- 232- C and G PIB ports t o connect your Waverunner scope t o a comput er or terminal, the ex t ernal m onitor port to display your waveforms on another monit or, and the C entr onics



port to connect compatible print ers or other devices. U se the PC Card slot for the P C Memory Card and port able H ard D isk opt ions, and t he BN C output for ex ternal clock signals.

10 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

TON

AV I G AT ETHROUGHMENUS

First

Menus The menu button

Longer menus

Capitalized menus

The two menu knobs

Combin atio n s of kn o bs and buttons

or chan ges the variable, while the knob adjusts its value.

Menus are grouped

selectaparticularmenuoranitemonamenu.Travelupordowninthemenulist andchangethe selecti on. Or change val ues and sett ings.

The darker, labeled buttons

to select the menus for initialization. When you press any one of these, it offers access to related menus in it s gr oup.

such as enable you to perform actions or adjust settings.

beside each displayed men u controls that menu .

that span the breadth of two buttons are controlled by both buttons.

— for example — perform specific actions.

work together with the two menu buttons beside them.

control continuously adjustable variables. The button selects

and shown together according to their function. Press a buttonor turna knob to

PANELS

also play a role in menu selection:

—forexample—wasused

Menus withshadows

RETURN

Press

the previous menu display.

to return

to a shadowed m en u . A nd use this button w hen ever you wish to go back to

Arrows on t he side of a long menu

Press one or the other of these menus’ butt ons to move in the desired direction, and to view or select any menu it em not displayed. A rrows disappear when you reach the beginning or end of the menu list.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 11

lead to other menus: Press their buttons to display those others.

indicate that you can scroll up or down the menu list.

F IRST T HINGS

IN IT IAL IZE

Initializeyo u r W a v erunne r scopeto its basic default w ave form displaysettings:

PANELS

6. Press

7. If Recallis not selected, press the button once to select it:

8. Then press the button beside .

Initialize to Wa verunner default settings whene ver you wish to clear your settings and make a fresh start on a newmeasurement.

CHECK YOUR WAVERUNNERSYSTEM

SCOPE

STATUS

Press

10. Press the top button to highlight and select Syst em . The screen will show your W ave runner’s serial

nu mb er, the ve rsion of s oftwa reinstalledandthe date of its relea se, as w e ll as a full list of you r currently installed software and hardw are.

Contact L eCroy customer service immediately if any of the options you ordered have not been installed.

to display the PANEL SETUPS menu group.

to show the STATUS menus.

12 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

First

ADD AN OPTION

This menu will also be displayed when you select System:

Use it to install newoptions — w ithout the need to return your Waverunner for a refit.

1. Press that menu’s button to display

2. Then press that menu’s button to display the ADD OPTION menus. Use them whenever you wish to add a Wa verunner option by means of a special code. Contact your L eCroy sales or service center to obtain the code.

UPDATE TO THE L ATEST FIRMWARE

Your Waverunner comes with the latest firmware installed. But to takeadvantage of our continuous improvement, contact us to obtain a floppy disk or card containing the latest firmware. Then use these menus to install it:

UTILITIES

1. Press

2. Press the button for

to display the UTIL ITIES menus .

, then for the one for .

3. Place the floppy or card in the Wa verunner and press the buttonsto select Floppy or Card and then Update Flash. The ne wly installed firmware will app e ar on theSystem Status screen (seeabove).

Yo umayalso downloa dthe firmw a re from the internet, usingScope Exp lo rer .

SAVE THE SCREEN (AN D ENERGY)

Enable or disable your Waverunner’s screen saver:

DISPLAY

1. Press

to show theDISPLAY SETUP menus.

2. Press the button for “More Display Setup” to access this menu:

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 13

F IRST T HINGS

3. Press its button, then select Yes or Nofrom

When enabled, the built-in screen saver is activated 10 minutes after the last use of a front panel control. This is a complete display shutdown of the internal screen — an “E nergy-Saver.” The front panel L E D light will indicate when the scope is in the screen-saving STANDBY state. Press any front panel button to restore the screen.

DO YOU PREFER YOUR CONT ROL S WITH SOUND AND AUTO-REPEAT?

Have your buttons and knobs repea t their actions and make an audible sound w hen used:

UTILITIES

1. Press

2. Press the button for

3. Make your preferences by means of the USE R PRE F’S menus displayed.

With Pushbutton auto-repeat On, all front panel buttons, w hen pressed and held in, will move the selection au toma ticallyand seq u entiallythrough all item s in a men u .

With audible feedback for buttons and knobs On, an audible “click” will sound when any front panel button is presse d or anyknob is turned.

to display the UTIL ITIES menus . These you will find useful for a variety of functions.

, then the button for .

14 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

AARRT

NNE

T his part of the manual covers the main Waverunner features and explains, step by step, how to use them. You’ll get to knowyour scope and start wor king with it quickly and effectively. Capture and view w av ef o rm s. Zoomand scroll. Learntheart of display . Use mathandmeasuremen t tools. Document your work.

TII

SST

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 15

C HAPTER O NE:

In thi schapter, see how

To select the input signal channel To use menus and controls for basic operations To find yo urwayaroun d th e display To adjust th e time base, gainand po sitio nof thesignal To zoom— m anually and automatically To set up the time base To set signal coup l in g To calibrate and use thepassive pr o be To set up the CAL and BN C outputs

Catcha NewWav e

16 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER O NE

Catch a New Wav e

ViewYo ur W aveform

Takethesesteps to captureandviewyour signal; set timeand voltsper division; zoomand auto-scroll:

1. Connect your signal to the Waverunner (Channel 1 input for this example).

AUTO

SETUP

2. Press the blue for display of the input signal. Press it again to confirm the action.

buttonto automaticallyset the(Edge) trigger level, timebase, and vertical settings

3. Press

to select CHANNEL 1 and displa ythe basic W a v e runn e r menus .

4. Use these menus in the steps on the following pages to adjust the signal’s trace on the screen.

To turn Channel 1 on or off.

To access the CHANNEL Coupling menus. See page 24.

To au toma ticallymakea zoomed traceof thesigna l.Use thevertical POSITION knob to mov ethe traceso that it is clearly visible . Use the ve rtical ZOOM kno b to adjust its e x p a n sionvertically. Seepa g e22.

To automatically set gain and offset, and “find” the signal.

To select fixed or variable gain. Select “variable” to control the channel’s gain continuously. See page 20.

: With AUTO SETUP yo u can automaticallyset

TTIIPP:

up signals in the 5 mV to 40 V range with a frequency of ≥≥≥≥50Hz and a duty cycle

as small as 0 .1%.

TTIIPP:

:Press

channel on or off.

tw i ceto turnthe

To select the grid styleandnum b e r.Next pag e : Single grid. See also Chapter 3, “ D isplay Your S ignal.”

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 17

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

TOF

IN DYOURWAY AROU N D T H EWAVERUNNERDISPLAY

Real-T ime Clock field:

displays the current dat e and time.

Displayed Trace L abel

time/ div and volt s/ div settings, and cursor readings where appropriat e.

Acqu isiti on S ummary field:

attenuation, and coupling for each channel, with the selected channel highlighted.

indicat es each channel or channel displ ayed, the

timebase, volts/ div, probe

18 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER O NE:

Catch a New Wav e

Trigger L evel

the trigger voltage level relative to ground level.

Trigger Delay

Trigger Status field

(A U TO, N OR M A L , SI N GL E , S T OPPE D ). The sm all square icon flashes to indicate t hat an acquisition has been made.

Trigger Configuration field

trigger, an d informa tion on the trigger’s source, slope, level an d coupling, an d other information when appropriate.

Trace and Ground Level

mar k er.

Other display areas include the time and frequency relativeto cursors, and a specialmessages.Formoreaboutthedisplay,seeChapter3,“DisplayYourSignal.”

USE TIME / DIVTO ADJUST T HE TIME BASE

Time and Frequency field

TIME / DIV

arrows on both sides of the grid that mark

is an arrow indicat ing t he t rigger time relati ve to the trace.

shows sampl e rat e and trigger re-arming status

cont ai ns an icon indicati ng the type of

shows the trace num ber and groun d level

, located below the grid and stating

M essag e field

placed above the grid and reserved for

NNOOTTEE:

:AUTO SET UP operatesonly on channels that are turned on, unless no channels are turned on. T hen all channels will be affected.

sns

When more than one channel is turned on, the first channel in numerical order with a signal

5. Turn

to adjust the timebase as desired.

app lie d to it w illbe autom atically set upforedgetriggering.

Thetime pe r division is set in a 1–2–5 sequ e n ce. Wa verunne r au toma ticallyadap ts itself to use the max im u m sampling ratewhenever thetimebaseischanged. Theselected time/divsetting is shownin thetracelabel at the topleft portion of t hescreen,andthesamplingrateinthetrigger statusfieldat thebottomright-handcorner.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 19

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

ADJUST SENSITIVITY AND POSITION

VOLTS / DIV

VmV

6. Turn sen sitivity. The volts/ div setting is shown in the Channel 1 trace label.

The next two steps can be taken (if not already ) whe n you wishto finetunethevertical gain and get abettervertical resolution:

7. Fine tune the vertical gain by selecting “variable” from theGainmenu(seepage17).

8. Now turn the VOLTS / DIV knob through several completerotations, so that theentiresignal reaches from top to bottom of thegrid. Filling the grid in this way, y o ucan use the full rangeof availab ledigitizing lev e ls.

OFFSET

tore duc ethevertica lga in

UTILITIES

TTIIPP:

:Press

to select Speci al Modes. T hen select the Channels menu to choose

In: to set the offset of again (VOLT S/ DIV) change in volts or vertical divisio n s (this is in vo lts, by default).

Automatic Recalib ration: to turnthis featur eonoroff (default is “On ”). “Off” mayspeed capture, but time calibrationis no t certain dur in g th e capture perio d.

Global BWL : to control the global bandwidth limit. When O n, the chosen bandw idth(see page 24) applies to all channels. When O ff, a bandwidth limit canbe set ind ividuallyforeachchannel .

9. Use

ZOO M AND SCROLL AUTO MAT ICAL LY

Use ZOOM to see more detail on your signal. The display will show the original signal and its zoomed copy .

10. Press

11. Press

12. Press the button for:

The menus shown on the next page will be displayed.

to center the wave form on the grid.

todisplaytheTRACE Amenus(todisplayTraceB,C,orD,pressitsbutton).

again or thetopbuttonto display thetraceand its label. (Do t hesameto turnoff a trace.)

:Togobacktothedefault power-up

TTIIPP:

settings, simultan eo u slypr ess th e second and fifthmenu buttons fromthetop, an d

th e

CHANN EL SELECT 1butto n.

20 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER O NE:

13. Use these menus to scroll back and forth through the full length of one or all of your zoom copies. MULTI-ZOOM un ifies the control of a ll zoom traces,wh ileAUTO-SCROLL

w alks the zoom trace or traces across the referenced trace.

Whe nOff, only the active zoom trace is controlled. When On,all disp la yedzoom traces(A, B , C, D) are simultan e o u slycontrolled (automatically) with Auto Scroll and (manually) with the horizontal ZOOM and POSITION knobs. See the next page for more on Multi-Zoom.

To scroll the zoom trace from right to left of screen. When playing, the menu is labeled “STOP (PLAYING)” : Press to stop.

To scroll the zoom trace from left to right of screen . When play ing, the menu is labeled “STOP (RE V E RSIN G)”: Press to stop.

To scroll bydivisions per second or number of divisions. Use div/s to scroll continuously for viewing. Use number of div for waveform processing ,especiallyPass/Fail testing. Whe n processingis complete , the display will be updated by the number of divisions set.

Catch a New Wav e

To set scroll spee d, using the knob . When scrolling by divisions, 10 div w ill step the zoom trace “grid-page” by “grid-page ” across the length of the referenced trace .

To return to the TRACE A menus, while continuing to scroll, by pressing the menu button.

RETURN

To stop scrolling and return to the previous menu displaye d.

: Con siderzoo mas anextra time base th at offe r s

TTIIPP:

alternative sw e epspeeds. Y o u can displayas man y as four zooms at once.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 21

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

USE TH E POSITION AND Z OOM CONTROL S

POSITION

: T he smaller Waverunner knobs

TTIIPP:

arerate sen sitive: the faster y o u rotate th e m, th e gre a terthechange th at results per increment.

14. Turn

When using more than one grid, turn POSITION tomovetracesfromonegridtoanother.

ZOOM

15. Turn

POSITION

16. Turn

ZOOM

17. Turn

to placeTrace A verticallyonthegrid.

to adjust the expansion factor and increase the amount of zoom.

to movethezoomed regionof thetrace.

to vertically expand, or reduce, the zoom trace.

TOZ

OOM ANDMULTI-ZOOM

You can zoom several traces from a single waveform to obtain precise timing measurements and improve the time resolution on your displayed waveform. F or instance, on a w aveform composed of two pulses separated by a long delay, you cou ld make Trace A a zoom of the first pulse, and Trace B a zoom of the second.

Multi-Zoom

traces, or two or more regions of t he same trace, simultaneous l y. W hen you act i vate mul t i-zoom, the horizontal zoom and position controls apply to all displayed t races — A, B, C, and D — allowing you to view similar sect ions of different traces at t he same t ime. The vertical sensit ivity cont rol s stil l act individual ly on the t races.

When trace labels have dotted top and bottom edges, lik e the one at right, this ind icates that their traces are mu lti-zoomed.

allows you to move the zoomed region of the w aveform along two or more different

22 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

SET UP THE TIMEBASE

SETUP

TIMEBASE

18. Press

and access the TIMEBASE menu s .

C HAPTER O NE:

Catch a New Wav e

19. Use these menus to set up the timebase in single-shot mode. See Chapter 7,

“A Q uest ion of T i mebase,” for more on the sampling modes.

Single-Shot samp lin gdispla ys datacolle cte ddu ringsucce ss iv esingle -sh o t acqu isitions from the input channels — capture nonrecurring, or very low repetition-rate events, simultaneou sly on all input channels.

To select Internalor external — ECL, 0V, TTL — clock modes. Selec t internal unle s s using an externa l clock signal. SeeChapter 7, “A Question of T imebase,” for external clock. The LT364 series has a “Channel Use” menu below “Sample Clock” (see “Pairing Channels” in Chapter 8).

To switch sequence mode Onor Off.Usetheknobto choose the number of segme nts. See Chapter 7, “A Question of T imebase,” for sequencesampling.

To select the maximum number of samples to be acquired, using the menu knob; and, to set the default 50k,using themenubutton.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 23

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SET THE COUPLING

20. Press

and then the button for to display the coup lingmen u s.

21. Use these menus to set input signal coupling and grounding, the channel bandw idth limit, and the probe attenuation.

Selects the signal coupling.

Moves your selection dow n the list. When at the bottom, as here, the dow n arrow disappears and this button becomes inactive.

PressNORMAL to set offset, volts/ div, and input coupling to display ECL signals. Press again; settings for TTL signals are given. Press a thirdtime; settings will return to thoseof the last manual setup.

Press to turn the bandwidth limit Offor reduce the bandwidth to 200 MHz or 25 M Hz. Reduces signal and system noise and prevents high -frequency alias ing. Global BWL mea ns that the limit set will ap p lyto all cha nn els. BWL mea ns tha t a limit can be set individua lly for each channel. See the TIP on page20 for howto set these, using SPECIAL MODES.

To set the probe attenuation factor for the input cha n nel. Thebuttons scroll up or dow n , whilethe knobs scroll the selector up and down the list. LeCroy’ s

ProBus system automatically senses probes and sets their attenua tion. This menu then changes to indicate thetypeof probe attachedand its attenuation factor. See the following pages for more on probes and ProBus.

NNOOTTEE:

AC position: signals are coupled capacitively, the input signal’s DC component is blocked, and signal fr equencies below1 0Hz arelimited.

DC position: signal frequency components are allowed to pass through, and an input impedance of either1MΩΩΩΩ or 50 ΩΩΩΩ canbe selected. The max im umdissipationinto 50ΩΩΩΩ is 0.5 W. Whenever

this is attain ed, inp uts willautomaticallybe grounded. “Gro unded” w ill be h ighligh ted in th e “Coup lin g” men u and an ove rl oad message will be displayed in the Acquisition Summ ar yfield.

Reset by remo v in g thesignal fro mth e inp ut and reselecting “DC50 ΩΩΩΩ.”

24 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

SETUP FOR CAL AND BNC SIGNALS

UTILITIES

1. Press

C HAPTER O NE:

Catch a New Wav e

2. Press the button to select

and display the CAL BNC OUT menus.

3. Use these menus to choose the type of signal put out at the front CAL and rear BNC signal outputs. Set the frequency , amplitude, and pulse shape of thecalibrationsignal.

To set the typeof signal from the rear BNC connector.

To reset the CAL output to its default state: a 1 kHz 1 V square wave. TheWave runn e r au toma ticallysets the calibra tion sign a l to its de fault when switched on.

To select the form of the calibration signal.

To set the pulse level for the CAL output (range: −1.00 to

1.00 V), using theknob.

To set the desired frequency of a CAL signal in the range 500 Hz to 1 MHz,usingtheknob.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 25

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

TOC

ALIBRATE THEPASSIV EPROBE

Your Waverunner scope comes wit h a L eC roy passive probe for each channel .

First. Second. Third.

Things”).

Fourth.

T he CA L signal w ill be a 1 k H z square wave, 1 V p– p.

Fifth.

Sixth.

Seventh.

Eighth.

N inth.

T ur n on your Waverunner scope. Insert the probe lead in the Channel 1 input. Connect the probe t ip t o the C A L out put (s ee front panel illust rat ion i n “ F irst

Attach the lead’s alligator clip t o the ground ring indicated by ,locatedbelowCAL.

UTILITIES

Press

Press to select and set the amplitude level.

Nowselect to set the frequenc y in the ran ge 500 H z to 1 M H z.

S et channel coupling to D C 1 MΩusing “ C oupling” (see previous page).

Press

, then the button to select

to turn onC hannel 1.

AUTO

SETUP

T enth.

I f overshoot or undershoot of the displayed signal occurs, adjust the probe by inserting the small screwdriver, supplied with the probepack age, into the potentiometer on the probe head and turning it clock wise or counterclock wise to achi eve t he opt imal square wave contour.

Press

twice.

26 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER O NE:

Catch a New Wav e

HOWPROBUSH

L eCroy’s ProBus probe system provides a com plete measurement solution from probe

tip t o oscill oscope display.

ProBus allows you to control transparen t gain an d offset directly from your front panel — particularly useful for voltage, differential , and current active probes. It uploads gain and offset correction factors from the ProBus E PR OM S , and automat ical l y compensates to achieve fully calibrated measurements.

T his int ell igent interconnect ion bet ween your Waverunner scope and a wide range of accessories offers important advantages over st andard BN C and probe ring connections. ProBus ensures correct input coupling by aut o-sensing the probe t ype, eliminat ing t he guesswork and er rors that occur when at tenuation or amplification factors are set manually.

ELPSYOU

: U se Waverunner’s rear panel BN C signal output to provide a

TTIIPP:

pulse:

ForPass/Fail testing At the occu r renceof eachacceptedtri ggerev e nt (TriggerOut) Whenthe scope is r eady to accept a trigger event (Trigger Rdy)

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 27

C HAPTER T WO:

In thi schapter, see how

Tocontro ltriggers Toset up anEdge tr igger Tore-armtriggering To determ in e level, coup lin g and slope To use Win do wtrigger To obtaina sum m ar yof you rtrigger and systemstatus

Simpl yTrigger

28 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER T WO

SimplyTrigge r

Edge Tr iggeronSim pl e Sign als

Wa verunner uses many wave form capture techniques that trigger on features and conditions, which you define. These triggers fall into two major categories:

Edge — activated by basic wa veform features or conditions such as a positive or negative slope, and holdoff

SMART Trigger — sophisticated triggers that enable you to use basic and complex conditions for triggering. SeeChapter 8, “Trigg e r Smart.”

Use the E dge trigger type for simple signals, and the SMART Trigger type for signals with rarer features such as glitches .

CONTROL TRIGGE RING

DELAY

Horizontal: Turn Yo ucan adjust the trigge r’s position from 0% to 100% pre-trigger,from left to right on the grid. DEL AY can

also be used for setting the post-trigger, in time units, up to 10 000 divisions, in increments of 0.1 division.

The trigger location is shown by the arrow at the grid bottom, as shown here at near right.

Post-trigger de la yis lab eledin the trigge r delay field,wh ere the arrow becomes horizontal, as shown here at far right.

TRIGGER LEVEL

Vertical: Turn

Turn this knob to adjust the level of the trigger source or the highlighted trace. Level defines the source voltage at w hich the trigger will generate an event — a change in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions.

Arrows on both sides of the grid showthe threshold position. But these arrow s are only visible if the trigger source is displaye d and the source signal DC coupled.

to adjust the trigger’s horizontal position.

to adjust thetrigger’svertical threshold.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 29

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SE T UP AN EDGE TRI GGER

SETUP

1. Press TRIGGER

to access thesemenus:

Use them to select the trigger source, the source’s coupling, the slope — positive or negative — and the amount of trigger holdoff bytime or events.

1. Select “Edge” or “SMART”: “Edge” is selected by default.

: Once set, trigger level and coupling pass unchanged from

TTIIPP:

tr i ggertype totriggertyp e foreachtriggerso urce.

2. Select the trigger source. This could be a signal on a channel, the linevoltage that powers theWaverunner, or the EXT BNC connector.

3. Sele ct the cou p lin gfor the trigge r source.

4. Place the trigger point on the positive or negative slope of the selected source, or choose to define a window.

Whe n Windo wis selected from the above menu, a menu appears he rethat allow s youto define the window ’ s size. See page 33.

To hold off from triggering for a defined time, or numberofevents,afteraparticulartriggerevent.Use this buttonto select Time or Events,andtheknobto set the value . Offdeactivates the holdoff. See Chapter 8, “Trigger Smart .”

DELAY

5. Turn

TRIGGER LEVEL

6. Turn

to adjust the trigger’s horizontal position, and the amount of pre-trigger, as desired.

to adjust the trigger voltage level.

30 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

TOD

ETERMINETRIGGE RLEVEL,COUPL ING AN DSLOPE

C HAPTER T WO:

Simpl yTrigger

Level

a change in t he input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions. The selected t rigger level is associated with the chosentrigger source.

Trigger level is specified in volts and normally remains unc han ged when you change the vertical gain or offset. The ampl itude and range of the trigger l evel are limited as follows:

C oupling

trigger level, you can select the coupling independently for each source. C hange the trigger source and you can chang e the coupling. You can choose from these coupling types:

bursts or where t he use of A C coupling would shift the effective trigger level .

levels are rejected and frequen c ies below 50 H z attenuated.

capacitive high-pass filter network, D C is rejected an d signal frequenc ies below 50 k H z are attenuated. For stable triggering on m edium to high frequenc y signals.

circuit, and a low-pass filter network attenuates frequencies above 50 kH z; used for triggering on low frequencies.

definesthesourcevoltageatwhichthetriggercircuit willgenerateanevent:

±5 screen divisions wit h a channel as t he trigger source ±0.5 V with EXT as thetrigger source ±5 V with E XT/ 10 as the trigger source N one with L IN E as t he trigger source (zero crossing is used).

refers to the type of signal coupling at t he input of t he t rigger circuit. A s with the

DC: A ll the signal' s frequency co m ponen ts are coupled to the trigger circu it for high frequency

A C: T he signal is capacitively coupled, DC

LF REJ: Thesignaliscoupledthrougha

HF RE J: Signals are DC coupled to the trigger

Triggerlevel

H F : U se only when needed for triggering on high-frequency repetitive signals. H F is automatically overridden and set to A C w hen incompatible with trigger characteristics such as those of S M A RT T rigger.

Slope

transition used for generating a particular trigger event. You c an choose a positive or neg ative slope. L ike coupling, t he selected slope is associat ed with the chosent rigger source.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 31

determines thedirection of the trigger voltage

F igure 1. E dge trigger work s on the selected edge at the chosen level. The slope — positive here — is highlighted on the trigger icon .

Trigger

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

TORE-A

Three trigger re-arming modes — AU TO, N OR MA L , and SIN GL E — are available for all types of triggers. I n addition, S T OP c an c els the ca pture in all three modes.

Press soon after. But if a signal does occu r, Waverunner behaves as if in N OR MA L mode.

Press trigger. If there is no validtrigger, thelast signal is retainedand the warning “S L OW TRIGGE R” is displayed in the t rigger s t atus field.

Press display the signal and stop capturing. If no t rigger occurs, you can press this button again to manual l y trigger the s cop e.

Press ST OP to prevent capture of a new signal, or while a sing le-shot c apture is unde r way to k eep the last captured signal.

RM ATRIGGE R

AUTO

to activate A U T O m ode: the trace will automatically be displayed if no trigger occurs

NORMAL

to enter NOR M AL mode and continuously update the display while there is a valid

SINGLE

to enter SI N G L E mode: the Waverunner will wait for a single trigger to occur, then

STOP

to halt the capture made in AU T O, N OR M A L or S IN GL E re-arming modes. Press

TOR

ECOGNIZETRIGGE RICON S

T rigger icons al low immediate on-screen recognition of the curr ent trigger conditions. T here is an icon for each trigger. The more heavily marked transiti ons on the icon indicate the slope on which the trigger will begenerated. T he icons are annotat ed with information on the trigger settings.

This icon, for example, represents an E dge trigger set up to trigger on the positive slope, at a level of

0.008 V , with a holdof f time of 50 ns.

32 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER T WO:

USE WIN DOW TR I GGER

Define a region whose boundaries extend above and below the selected trigger level. A trigger event w ill occur whe n the signal leaves this w indow region in either direction and passes into the upper or lower region (Fig. 2). The next trigger will occur when the signal again passes into the windowregion.

Simpl yTrigger

1. Sele ct

2. Then use

A bar at the left-hand side of the grid will visually indicate the window’s height.

Trigger Le vel

to define the size of the windowregion.

Upper Region

LowerRegion

WIN DOW REGION

Time

Triggers

F igure 2. W indow T rigger: triggers w hen the signal leaves the window region. The arrows indicate where tr i gger s occur when t he s i gnal l eaves the wi ndow r egion.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 33

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

T RIGGER SOURCE

Thetriggersourcemaybeoneof thefollowing:

The acquisition channel signal (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 or CH 4) conditioned for the overall voltage gain, coupling , and bandwidth.

The line voltag e that powers the oscilloscop e (LINE). This can be used to provide a stable disp la y of signals synchronous w ith the powe r line. Coupling and level are not relevant for this selection.

The signal applied to the EXT BNC connector (EXT). This can be used to trigger the oscilloscope within arangeof

Level

Level defines thesource voltageat whichthe trigg er circuit w ill generate an eve nt (achange in the input signal that satisfies the trigger conditions). The selected trigger level is associated with the chosen trigger source. N ote that the trigger level is specified in volts and normally remains unchanged when the vertical gain or offset is modified.

TheAmplitudeand Ran g eof the trigge r level are limitedas follow s:

±5 screen divisions with a channel as the trigger source ±5VwithEXT/10

none with LINE as the trigger source (zero crossing is used)

±0.5 V on E XT and ±5 V with EXT/10 as the trigger source.

Note:

Note:On ce specified, Tr igger Leveland Couplin g are theonly

Note:Note:

pa ramete rs that passunchangedfr omtri ggermode to tri ggermode foreach trigger source.

34 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER T WO:

Simpl yTrigger

OBTAIN A TRIGGER STAT USSUMMARY

Display a summary of the status of you r trigger, as well as timebase , vertical sensitivity , probe attenuation, and offset and coupling for each channel.

SCOPE

STATUS

1. Press

to show the STATUS menus.

2. Press the button to select Acquisition .

SCREEN

TTIIPP:

:Press

to documen t y ourstatus

sum m ar yandmakea h ard copy .

PANELS

Press

when you have a setting you wan t to

reuse(seethenextchapterformoreonthis).

Press the S COPE S TA T U S button for acc ess to full-screen summaries of your Waverunn er’s system status and other functional status.

See Chapter8, “Trigger Smart,” for mor e about Edge triggerand all about the SMART Triggertypes.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 35

C HAPTER T HREE:

In thi schapter, see ho w

To viewsignal changes overtime To set up the displ ay

Disp layYou rSignal

Toset up forAnal og Persis tence Tochoose a grid style To save and recal l pane l setups





36 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER T HREE

DisplayPersisten ce

Displ ayYourSignal

You can use Wa verunner colors and tools to display your signal on the screen.

View one,two, four, or eight grids and up to eight traces (depe nding on model) at the same time. Adjust display and grid intensity. Choose from several grid styles .Or fill the entire screen with your waveforms using F ull Screen.

Yo ucan persona lizeyour W ave runner displa y, wh ile managing color and screen intensity automatically. The displayed signal and all related information share identifying colors chosen by you. Show signals and traces opaquely or transparently, sothat overlapping object s — traces over traces,tracesover grids — are always visible.

Other invaluable tools and techniques, such as the Analog Persistence feature, help you display your w ave form and reveal its idiosyncrasies.

: To clear your settings and make a

TTIIPP:

“fresh” start on a new waveform:

1. Connect the signal to be measured to a Waverunner channel.

2. Simultaneo usly press the secon d and fifth menu buttons fromthe top , and th eCHAN N EL SE LECT 1butto n, to r e vert to th edefaul tsettings.

3. Turnoff anyunwanted tr aces by pressin g A, B, C, or D.

4. PressSELECT1,2,3,or4forthe signal’s channel and choose “Coupling.” E nsure that the coupling matches the circuit’s impedance. If not, setitcorrectlyusingthemenubutton.

5. PressAUTO SETUP twice.

Thenfollo wthe steps below.

VIEW SIGNAL CHANGES OVER TIME

Use Persistence to accumulate on-screen points from many acquisitions and see your signal change over time. Wa verunner pe rsistence modes show the most frequent signal path “three-dimensionally” in intensities of the same color, or graded in a spectrum of colors.

To display your w a veform w ith persistence:

ANALOG PERSIST

1. Press Analog Persistence or Color Graded persistence.

DISPLAY

2. Press menus.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 37

to display your signal with

to display the “Display Setup”

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SET UP YOUR DISPLAY

3. Use these menus to set up your display . When not using persistence, some menus are different, as indicated below .

To select standard or XY display: Standard is sele ctedby default. See Chapter 9, “D isplay M ore,” for X Y display .

Toturn persistenceonor off.Or press

To set up the persistence display (see next page). When Persistence is Off, this menu becomes Dot Join: w hen there are more than 400 sample points on the screen, the points are connected by line segments.

To access more display setup menus. See Chapter 9, “D is pl ay M ore.”

Toselect thegridstyleand number. Seepage40.

ANALOG PERSIST

to toggle it on or off.

Used with persistence to select the displayed trace for the menu action below. When persistence is not being used, this menu is called W’form+ Text and its knob adjusts waveform and text brightness.

Used with persistence to select the percentage of saturation:100% spread s thespe ctrum across theentire depth of the persistence data map; at lower values, the spectrumwill saturate — brightest color or shade— at the percentage value specified. Lowering this percentage causes the pixels to be saturated at a lower data intensity , and

: At 0 % inten sity in Standar d display

TTIIPP:

with o ut persistence, th e w av efor mand text disappear.

DISPLAY

Press

to return the mto norma l

brightness.

makes visible rarelyhit pix els not seenat highe r percentages.

Whe n persistenceis not bein guse d,this menu is called Grid intensity; its knob adjusts the intensity of the grid. Grids can be brightened , or blended w ith disp laye dtraces by reducing their intensity . Also press this menu button to return brightness from 0% to the default level.

38 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER T HREE:

SET UP FOR PERSISTENCE

4. Press the button for “Persistence Setup” to access these menus.

5. Use them to set up your persistence display .

To displa y(On) the last trace captured.

To select the persistence duration, in seconds. If this w ere to be set at 1 s, for example, each captured trace would be displayed for one second and then deleted. The number of sw e ep s included in the disp la y(up to onemillion) is indicated at the bottom of the displayed trace label. The default is selection is Infinite.

To select persistencefor all, or the top tw olabe led traces displa y ed. This becomes useful whe n four traces or functions are shown and pe rsisten cew ill not beapp lied to all of them.

To select Analog, and render the persistence data maps to the screen in intensities of the trace color, or ColorGraded, where themaps are rendered in a red-to-violet spectrum.

Displ ayYourSignal

To select the displayed trace for the menu action below .

To select the percentage of saturation. See menu explanation on the previous page.

RETURN

6. Presstogobacktothemaindisplaysetupmenus.

CLEAR

SWEEPS

TTIIPP:

:Press

to restart th epersisten ceaccumu l ati onof po in ts — for examp le, wh enyo u chan ge the signal source and w an t to clearth e pr evio us trace.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 39

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

CHOOSE A GRID STYLE

At left arethe Stan dard grid styles for one, tw o, and four grids. Depending on the Waverunner model, six or eight traces on six or eight grids can be show n at once (see facing page), with their trace labels and any combination of math, zoom, and memories. Standard grids present source wa ve forms ve rsus time (for FFT, versus freque n cy ). XY display , on the other hand, compares one source w ave form w ith another. It has its own special grids (see Chapter 9, “ Display More ” ).TheParameter-stylegrid is displayed au toma ticallywhen pa rameters are used (see next chapter).

TOL

IN K ANDSE PARAT EOBJECTS

WI T H

OLOR

Advanced c olor mana g ement

object s — grids, waveforms, curs ors, or text — are alw ays visible, even when overlapping. S ignals and their related data are color associated. E ach trace has its own dedicated color. Persist ence displays are automatically color matched to the parent trace. Relatedtracesandtext,iconsandparent-daughter zoom regions are also l inked by color.

Thechoiceof backgroundcolor

darker colors so that displayed objects w ill be clearly defined and recognizabl e. T he colors of obj ects that aretoocloseinhuetothechosenbackgroundcolor are autom atically chan ged so that the objects alw ays stand out.

Each tr ace h as its ow ncolo r.

zoomed sections of a t race can be given their own colors, so that a single t race may havea number of colors at once: its pri ncipal color pl us thos e of a number of expanded regions.

Trace-related text

information t hat describe meas urement parameters, cursors, t riggers, waveforms, and chann els. A standard t ext color covering all on-screen t ext exists in the preset color schemes, or canbe chosen for custom palettes. S ee Chapter 9, “Display M ore.”

in c ludes pieces of on-screen

ensures that

is l imited t o the

But expanded or

40 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER T HREE:

Displ ayYourSignal

Waveform source descript ions, trace l abel s and t he information t hey contain wi ll always take the color of t heir respect i ve traces, as in this four-channel model’s Octal-grid, eight-t race displ ay.

Most menus ar e display edin thetext colo ronly.

related informat ion in t he t race col or, as does the trigger icon. Channel C oupling menu t itles are trace c olored, and Math S et-U p menu sources have their own color.

Select

Opaque

layers. S elect aut omatical l y change col or, whil e grid intensit y remai ns const ant. S ee C hapt er 9, “D isplay M or e.”

to place overl apping waveforms one on t op of the other in normal, non-transpar ent

Transparent

for overlap mixin g: those areas of the waveforms that overlap will

Objects are automatical lyov e rlaid insequence.

described in the top trace label, t he next in the second-from-top trace label, and so on in descending order tow ard the background. Choose the order in w hich traces appear using the S E L E C T buttons. When different types of traces are displayed, placed by default in ascen ding order from the grid at the bottom are: envelopetraces, persistence traces, normal traces, and cursors (foremost on the scr een). This sequence can also be customized.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 41

T he act ive trigger edge or condition shows source

With traces of the same type, the foremost is

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

Sav e an d RecallY ou rPan el Setup s

Your Waverunner scope allows you to store your preferred display settings and recall them later. Or choose to recall a defau lt setupalrea d yinstalle d in thescope. Storing and rec a llin gpan e l setups is very practical whe nyou have set up elaborate zoom and math displays on multiple traces and would like to use them on another signal. The scope can store four panel setups in volatile memory, and many more to floppydisk or the optional PC Card slot (memory card or hard disk card), in numbered files marked with their date and time of storage . You can recall them quickly and easily for later use.

SAVE PANEL SETUPS

PANELS

1. Press

for the PANE L SE TUPS menus.

Use these menus to save your preferred panel setups — to SE TUP1 in this example.

2. Press to select Save.

3. PresstosavetoSETUP1.

To saveto SETUP2.

To saveto SETUP3.

To saveto SETUP4.

To saveto PC Card slot.

To saveto flopp ydisk.

42 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

RE CALL PANEL SETUPS

C HAPTER T HREE:

Displ ayYourSignal

1. Press

2. Press

Or,torecalladefaultsetupalreadystoredinyourscope,pressthebuttontoselect

Or, when you store setups to floppy disk or PC Card, press the button to select

The last alternative accesses the RECAL L SE TUPS menu , which enables you to recall setups from a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive, or an optional portable storage device (PC memory card or hard disk card)in thePC Cardslot.

To stor e and recall the wav efor m s themselv es, see Chapter5, “U se M ath Tools.”

to .

to select and recall the setup you stored for examp le in SETUP 1.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 43

C HAPTER F OUR:

In thi schapter, see ho w

To control time cursors To contro lamplitud ecursors To use curso r s in stan dar d display To select a stan dard parameter

Choose a Measure T ool

44 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER F OUR

Choosea Measure Tool

Measur e w ithCur sor s

Cursors are important tools that aid yo uin mea suring signal value s .Cursors are marke rs — lines , cross-hairs, or arrows — that you can move around the grid or the wa veform itself. Use cursors to makefast, accurate measurements and to eliminate guesswork. There are two basic types:

Time(Frequency) cursors are markers that you move horizontally along the wa veform. Place them at a de siredlocation alongthe time axis to readthe signa l’ samp litudeat thesele cte d time .

Ampl itude (Voltage) cursors arelines that you moveverticallyon thegridto measure theamplitudeof a signa l.

CONTROL T HE TI ME CURSOR S

DISPLAY

1. Press

MEASURE

TOOLS

2. Press

3. Press the button to select

4. Press the button to select

5. Press the button to select

and make sure that Standard is sele ctedin the top men u .

to display the MEASURE menus.

SINGLE

TTIIPP:

:Press

as a smooth way to stop your Waverunner scope and allow measurement of the displayed wav efor m .

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 45

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

6. Turn the kno b for tomovetheAbsoluteTimecursor .

Watch this cross-hair marker move up and down along your displayed waveform. As it moves, the cursor’s time value in relation to the trigger point is shown beneath the grid, and its voltage value in the trace label.

7. Press the button to select

8. Tur n theknobs to movethetwoRelativeTimecursors along the waveform.

Wa verunner show s beneath the grid the relative time and voltage difference betw een the tw o cursors. When you use Relative Time cursors, the Reference cursor (upw ard-pointing arrow ) can be changed, and could be differen t from the trigger point. Youmight placeit, for exa m p le, at thefallin gedg eof the cap turedsignal’s oscilla tions . You can mov ethe Differenc ecursor (do wnward-pointing arrow) to measure thetime differenc e

anyw he re on the wave form. Diff−−−− Refshows the subtraction of the reference from the difference amplitudes.

CONTROL T HE AMPLITUDE CU RSORS

1. Press the button to select

2. Press the button to select

: Select “Diff & Ref” fromtheshowmenu to

TTIIPP:

displayin the tr ace label theabsolute amp litude, w ith respect to groun d level, of the twoRelative Time cur sor s.

: TurnTrack “On” in the Referen ce Curso r

TTIIPP:

menu. The differen ce betweenthe Referen ce and Differen ce cursor s will remainthe same wh enyou tur nthis menu’s k nob, an dthetw ocur sor bars wi l l mo v e in tandem . Turn the Differen ce cursormenu knob: only this cursor’s position will change. T he linkbetweenth e twocursors is indicated by a ver tical bar at theside of th e gr id. Press the same menu buttonto turnTrack “Off”.

46 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER F OUR:

3. Turn the kno b for tomovetheAbsoluteAmplitudecursor

Place it at the top of y our displaye d w aveform. The difference in amplitude betwee n the cursor and the ground level (indicated by the ground level marker at right of grid) is shown in the trace label.

Choose a Measure T ool

4. Press the button to select

5. Turn the kno b for

6. Turn the kno b for

When you use Relative Amplitude cursors, the Reference cursor can be made different from the ground level. You might place it, for example, at the base level of a square w ave . You could then position the Difference cursor at the top of the w aveform. The difference betw ee n the two would then give you the signal’s amplitude, indica te d in thetracelabe l,as illustrated on the next pa g e.

and show two bar cursors: Reference and Difference.

to move the Reference cursor

to movetheD ifference cursor

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 47

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

R elative A mplitude cursors mark out the signal’s amplitude. Here it is 510 mV , as indicated in the trac e label at top-left o f screen.

48 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER F OUR:

OUSECURSORS INSTAN DARDDISPL AY

Choose a Measure T ool

You can move the screen — up and down the grid pix el by pix el. A mpli tudes are shown in the trace label for each trace.

Place

Time

at a des ired time to r ead the amplit ude of a signal at that t ime, and move t hem to every single point acquired.

When you place a time cursor on a data point, cross-bars appear on the arrow an d cross-hair mar k ers

Thetimeisshownbelowthegrid.InRelativemodethefrequencycorrespondingtothetimeinterval bet ween the cursors is also displayed t here. When there are few data points displayed, time-cursor positions are linearly interpolated between the data points. T ime cursors m ove up and down along these straight-line segments.

Absolute

In ampl i t ude (using ampl i t ude curs or s) or ti me and ampl it ude (us i ng t ime curs or s). M easur ed vol t age amplitudes are relative to ground; measured times are relative to thetrigger point.

Relative

difference between the two in am plitude, or time an d amplitude.

HEN INPERSISTENCEMODE

Inpersistencemode,amplitudecursorsarethesameasinStandarddisplay,whiletimecursorsare vertical bars r unning down the s creenand moving acr oss it.

Amplitude

(Frequen cy) cursors — arrows or cross-hair markers that move along the waveform —

mo de, you con trol a sing le cursor. You can display the cursor location’s readings for

mode, you control a pair of ampl itude or time cursors, and get readings on the

(V oltage) cu rsors — brok en lines or bars running across

: To set time-cursoramplitude units in vo lts ordecibels...

TTIIPP:

UTILITIES

Press

to access an d select Special Modes. Then select the Curso rs Measure men uto access anduse th e Read time cursoramplitudes in men u to select the desired unit.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 49

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

Measur e Autom aticallyw ith Par ame ter s

Parameters aremeasurement tools that determine a wide rangeof signal properties.Usethem to automatically calculate time and voltage values. There are parameter modes for the amplitude and time domains, custom parameter groups, and parameters for pass and fail testing. You can make common measurements on one signal in either the standard voltage (amplitude) or standard time modes. On more than one signal, select parameters from a Custom category and use them to determine up to five quantities at once. Pass and fail parameters can becustomized, too. Youcan accumulate anddisplay statisticsoneach parameter’ssweeps, average, low e st, highest and standard deviation. See Chapter 11, “Parameter Analysis,” for how to customize parameters, and for a description of each.

A special display is automatically used with parameters, whose data are listed beneath the grid (see next page for display setup). S hown here: a F ull-Screen, Quad-grid parameter display. Top of facing page: the S tandard, S ingle-grid, param eter display.

50 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER F OUR:

CHOOSE A STANDARDPARAMETE R

MEASURE

TOOLS

1. Press

2. Press the button to select

Standard Voltage will be selected by default in the mode menu, shown be lo w, and a list of five pa ram e ters will ap p ear ben eath the grid. This list w ill chang ew h e nStandard Tim eis sele cted .

3. Use these menus to set upfor parame ters.

Toenableparamete rs, cu rsors or neither. WhileParametersis sele cted, statistics accumulation (see below) goes on, even if not shown.

To select the mode. Standard Voltagemeasu res for a sing le signal: pea k - to-pea k(the amplitudebetw e en the max im u mand minimum samp le values), mean of all sample values, standard deviation, root mean square of all sample values, and signal amplitude. Standard Tim emeasures for a single signal: period, width at 50% of amplitude, rise time at 10–90% of amplitude, fall time at 90–10% of amplitude, and the delay from the first trigger to the first 50% amplitude point. See Chapter 11 for “Custom,” “Pass,” and “Fail.”

to display the MEASURE menus.

Choose a Measure T ool

Toautomatically calculatethedisplayed parameters’ average,lowest, highest and standard deviation, and number of sweep s used.

Toselect thetraceonwhichtheparametersaretobemeasured.This menu indicates those traces displayed.

To set the starting point in screen divisions for parameter measurements, using the knob. Turn Track On,usingthe button. Control of the starting and end points is linked and they can bemoved together using theknob.

To set the end point in screen divisions for parameter measurements, using theknob. A lsoindicatesthetotal number of data points used for the measurements.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 51

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

DISPLAY

4. Press SETUP. See the preceding chapter.

TURN OFF CURSORS AND PARAMETERS

MEASURE

1. Press

2. Press the button to select

: To clearpar ameter “statistics” pr e ss:

TTIIPP:

to set upthedisplay— to select parameter grid styles, for example— usingDISPLAY

TOOLS

to return to theMEASURE menus.

CLEAR

SWEEPS

52 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

TOR

ECOGNIZEPARAM E TE RSYMB OL S

C HAPTER F OUR:

Choose a Measure T ool

T he algorithms that allow Waverunn er t o determine pulse-waveform parameters det ect the particular situations wherethe mathematical formulas can be applied.

S ometimes you should interpret the results w ith caution. I n these cases the scope alerts you by displayingasymbolunderthegridbetweenthenameof theparameteranditsvalue.Thesesymbols act as information or w arnings:

The parameter has been determ ined for several periods (up to 100), and the average of those val ues has been taken.

The parameter has been determine d over an integral n u mber of periods.

T he parameter has been calculated on a histogram.

Insufficient data t o determine the parameter.

Amplitude histogramis flat withinstatistical fluctuations; minimum and maximum are used to assigntop and base.

Only an upper limit could be estimated (the actual value of the parameter may be sm aller than the displayed value).

T he signal is partially in overflow.

T he signal is partially in underflow .

The signal is part ially in overflow and in underflow.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 53

C HAPTER F IVE:

In thi schapter, see ho w

Toset up formath To do multiplication ToperformanFFT To do summed aver aging Tostore and recall waveforms To obtaina w av efor mormemo rystatus repor t

Use Math T ools

54 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER F IVE

Use MathTool s

MakeMathEasy

With Waverunner math tools you can perform mathematical functions on a waveform displayed on any channel, or recalled from any of the four reference memories M1, M2, M3, or M4. To do computations in sequence, you can also set up any trace of A, B, C, or D for math.

For example: you could set up Trace A as the difference between Channels 1 and 2, Trace B as the average of A, and Trace C as the integral of B. Youcould then display the integral of the averaged difference between Channels 1 and 2. Any trace and function can be chained to another trace and function. For example, you could make Trace A an ave rage of Channel 1, Trace B an FFT of A, and Trace C a zoom of B.

Wa verunner math tools are available in these standard and optional packag es:

Arith m etic Sum (add), Difference (subtract), Product (multiply), Ratio (divide) Ave raging Summe d(linear) Averag eof up to 1000 sweep s

STANDARD MAT H

Included with all Waverunner oscilloscopes

E XT E N DE D MAT H AN D MEASUREMENT

OPTION (EMM)

All tools in Standard Math plus:

WAV E ANALYZER

OPTION

(WAVA)

All tools in Extended M ath plus:

Extrema (envelope) FFT Fast Fourier Transform to 50 000 points; Pow er Spectrum, Phase,

Magnitude; All FFT Windows

Functions Identity, Negation, (Sin x)/x Resample(deskew ) Rescale E nhanced Resolution (ERES) Functions

Trending

Ave raging

FFT+ Fast Fourier Transform to one million points; FFT Ave rag e ;

Histograms Histograms, Histogram Parameters

Absolute Valu e, Derivative ,Exp(ba see) , Exp (bas e10), Integral, Log(basee),Log(base10),Ratio,Reciprocal,Square,SquareRoot

Summe d , or linear, Averag eof up to onemillion wa v eforms; Continuous Average

Power Averaging, Power Density, Real, Real + Imaginary

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 55

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

SETUPTODOWAVEFORMMATHEMATICS

After connecting your signal to a W ave runner channel (Channel 1 in this examp le), do the follow ing:

1. Press

2. Press

3. Press

4. Press the button for

5. Press the button to select and display the SE TUP OF A menus, shown next page.

TOSETU

First.

to select CHANNEL 1 anddispla yWa v e runner’s basic men u s.

to make Trace A a zoom of Channel 1.

PFORMATHANOTHERWAY

MATH

TOOLS

Press

to display the ZOOM + M A TH menus.

Second.

Select or one of the other traces.

NNOOTTEE:

processi ng title foreach

:Awaveform

displayed trace will be show n inits trace label. If the title is missing, the math function

Third.

Press the buttonto sel ect

cannot be done and the contentsof the tr a ce wil l remainunch an ged.

Fourth.

Follow the first three steps in the proced u re above.

56 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER F IVE:

USE A MAT H TOOL

Use these menus to choose and set up any math tool. As an example, select the arithmetic tool Product to multip lyChanne l 1 byChanne l 2.

To enablemath.

6. Press to select Arith m etic.

7. Press to select Product.

UseMath T ools

8. Press to select Channel 1 as the source trace. When using Arithmetic, t hissets one of thetwo operand sources. Using other math type s, this menu may be in a different position and may set the signal offset, number of sweeps, or compensate for any DC offset in the signa l.

9. Presstoselect thetracebywhichthesourcetrace Channel 1 will be multiplie d .

Now go on to set up your trace as an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) function (next page).

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 57

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

PERF ORM AN F FT OPE RAT ION

Continuing from the preceding steps, set up Channel 1 for FFT. Fast Fourier Transform will convert your time domain wa veform into a freque ncy domain spectrum similar to that of an RF spectrum analyzer display. But unlike the analyzer, w hich has controls for span and resolution bandwidth, with Wa verunner you determine the FFT span using the scope’s sampling rate (see Chapter 10, “ U s e Advanc ed Mat h T ool s” ).

10. Press the button to select FFT fromtheMath Typemenu.

: Durin g FFT comp utation ,

TTIIPP:

the FFT sign is shown belo w

Spectra will be shown with a linear frequencyaxis running from zero to the Nyquist frequency. The frequency scale factors (Hz/div) are in a 1–2–5 sequence. The processing equation is displaye d at the bottom of thescreen,together withthethree keyparameters that characterizean FFT spectrum:

Transform size N (number of input points) Nyquist frequency (= ½ sample rate) Frequency increment, ∆f, betwe en two successive points of the spectrum.

These parameters are related as: Nyquist frequency = ∆f ∗ N/ 2, where ∆f = 1/ T, and T is the duration of the input w a veform record (10 ∗ time/ div). The number of output points is equal to N / 2.

11. Press the button to select Power Spectrum from the menu

PowerSpectrumis the signal pow e r, or magnitude, represented on a logarithmic vertical scale: 0 dBm corresponds to the voltage (0.316 V peak ), which is equ ivalent to 1 mW into 50 Ω. Power Spectrum is

suitab lefor cha racte rizingspe ctra that contain isolatedpe a ks (dBm).

th egr i d. The com putationcan take a wh ile on long timedom ainreco r ds, but y o u can stopit at anytime by pressing any front panel button.

Other FFT functions available in this menu depend on the Waverunner math options installed in your scope (see page55).

58 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER F IVE:

Phaseis measured with respect to a cosine whose maximum occurs at the left-hand edge of the screen, at

which point it has 0°. Similarly, a positive-goingsine wave starting at the left-hand edgeof the scree n has a – 90° phase. Phase is displayed in degrees.

PowerDensity: Signa l power normalized to the band width of the eq u iv a lent filter associate d with the FFT calculation. Suitable for characterizing broadband noise. Pow er Density is displayed on a logarithmic vertical axis calibrated in dBm. It is available only w ith the Wa veAnalyzer option for the Wa verunner.

Magnitude: The pea ksigna l amplitud eis represe n tedon a linear scale, in the same units as theinpu t signa l.

Real, Real + Imaginary, Imagin ar y : Complex result of the FFT processing in the same units as the input

signal. These are only available with the Wave Analyzer option.

UseMath T ools

12. Nowturn the knob to select Von Hann

AC forces the DC component of the input signal to zero before FFT processing, and improves the amplitude

resolu tion. This is e sp eciallyuseful wh en yo u r input has a large DC compon e n t. FFT windows define the bandwidth and shape of the FFT filter. (See Chapter 10, “U se A dvanced Mat h

Tools,” for the window s’ filter para meters.) VonHann (Hanning) windows reduce leakage and improve amplitude accuracy . But they also reduce

frequency resolution. Rectangularwindow s should be used when the signal is transient (completely contained in the time-domain

window ) or you know it to have a fundamental frequency component that is an integer multiple of the fundamental freque ncy of the window. Other signal types will show varying amounts of spectral leak age and scallop loss w hen you use a Rectangular window. To correct this, use another w indow type .

Hamming reduce s leaka geand improves amplitude accuracy, bu t also reduces freque ncyresolution. FlatTop provide s excellen t amp litud eaccu rac yw ith moderate leak a g eredu ction , but also reduc e s frequ ency

resolution. Blackman –Harri s windows reduce leakage to a minimum, but reduce freque ncy resolution.

13. In thefinal F F T step, press thebuttonto select thesourcetrace.

The “before” and “after” of y our FFT computation is shown on the next page.

andpress thebutton to select AC.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 59

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

FFT PowerSpectrum:Thetopgridshowsthewaveforminthetimedomain,whilethebottomone shows it in the frequen c y dom a in, after F F T Power S pectrum has been applied. W ith the cu rsor m easure tool (positioned here on the left-most peak of the F F T trace ) you can read either the time or frequency of your waveform. T race A ’s label indicates 2 M H z per divisi on in t he fr equency domai n. T he memory status field beneat h the grids gives other FFT information.

60 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER F IVE:

DOSUMMED AVERAGING

Now makea Summed Average of your w ave form — again, going on from the previous steps. Averaging is normallyuse d to eliminate noise .

14. Press the button to sele ct Av erage fromtheMathTypemenu.

15. Press the button to select

Wave ru nn er starts the calcula tion immediately.

UseMath T ools

16. Turntheupperknobtosetthenumberof sweeps to 4000)

This is counted in the trace label, as shown here, at right:

If theoptional Continuous Average isselected, the“f or” menu becomes “w ith…w e ig h ting”. Use it to define the w eight.

(See Chapter 10, “U se A dvanc ed M at h Tool s ,” for the difference between summed and continuous averaging.)

17. F inally, press the button to select the source trace:

The type of result you can expect is illustrated on the next page.

(up

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 61

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

S ummed A verage: N oise evident in the signal shown in the t op t race has been eliminated fromt he averaged waveform on the lower grid. T he calculation was st opped after 206 sweeps. The num ber of points used in t he calculation is shownin t he information field at the bot t omof the screen. The same number of point s means that all points were used in t he cal culation.

62 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

Sav e an d Recall Wav eforms

C HAPTER F IVE:

UseMath T ools

Save your wa veforms to internal reference memory — M1, M2, M3 or M4 — or to floppydisk or the optional PC Card slot (Memory card or HDD). Recall them later for further analysis. You could zoom them or perform more math.

WAVE

STORAGE

1. Press

and then the button for

2. Use these menus to store your displayed wave form.

To store the w ave form, which you first select from the menu below, to the memory or floppy disk (also selected below).

: For each unit of record

NNOOTTEE:

length per channel, or per zoom an d mathtrace, a point can be stored in the wav efor mrefer en ce memories M1 , M 2, M3, or M4.

To select the channel or trace whose wa veform you wish to store .

To select the internal reference memory, floppy, or optional storage device the wave form is to be saved to.

See Chapter 12, “U se Waverunner wit h PC ,” for how to save wave forms in ASCII format.

RETURN

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 63

3. Presstogobacktothe“W’FORM” menusinordertorecallthe waveform you have st ored.

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

4. Press the button for

5. These menus will be displayed. Use them to recall your waveform.

To recall the wa veform from memory or portable storage device.

To recall the selected waveform to the selected trace (see menus below).

Toselect thememoryinwhichthewaveformyouwishto display is stored.

To select the traceon w hic hthe recalle dw ave form is to be displayed.

: Transferwav efor mdata to PC and use the data for calculation s withspreadsh eet ormath

TTIIPP:

software. To do this, save y o urw a v efo r ms to floppy oran op tio n alstor age dev ice in the ASCII for mat. Waverunner can save to floppy in ASCII traces of up to 50 000 points. You should remember that waveforms stored in ASCII cannot be called back into the oscilloscope. See Chapter 1 2, “Use Waverunner with PC.”

64 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER F IVE:

UseMath T ools

OBTAIN A WAVEFORM OR MEM ORY STATUS REPORT

Display a summary of the status of y our channels, zoom and math functions, wa veform memories, and displayed traces. View the settings on your vertical and horizontal controls. Check on how much memory your Wa verunner scope is using for storage of records. Clear and free up memory .

SCOPE

STATUS

1. Press

to show the STATUS menus.

2. Press the button to select Waveform and the button for the wa veform status summary of choice.

3. Press the button to select Memory Usedto obtain a similar report on w hat you have stored and how

much memory is available. Memories occupied by wave forms will be boxed, and empty ones indicated as such. You can also clear occupied memories by pressing the corresponding menu buttons.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 65

C HAPTER S IX:

In thi schapter, see ho w

To print your display using the Waverunner internal printer To prin t orplot y our displ aywithan exte rn a lprinter orplotter To create TIFF and BMP image files To store and retrieve floppy- disk, PC M emory-card and hard-disk-card files To give customnam es to yourfiles an d create dir ectories To add ordelete file director ies To cop y files fromon e portable storage device to anoth er

Docum en t YourWor k

66 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER S IX

Documen tYourWork

MakeaHardCopy

Make a hard copy of y our displayed traces and screen data using the scope’s optional internal printer. Or print to an ex terna l printer or plotter usingthe rear GPIB, RS-232-C, or Centronics po rt. Create TIFF andBMP image files with the scope and save them to floppy disk, or optional PC memory or hard disk card.

UTILITIES

1. Press

2. Then press the button for

to display the UTIL ITIES menus .

to access thesemenus.

Use them to makea hard copy of your screen.

3. Press to select theoptional internal printer, or another device to print or save to (see next page).

4. Press to turn the auto-print function on or off: On will print a hard copy after every acquisition.

5. Pressorturntoexpandthewaveformandshowmoredetail.

: Connect an extern a lprinterorplotter

TTIIPP:

using one of the ports on the rear of your Waverunner scope. Print or plot to an extern a ldevi ceselecte d from the“output to” menu. A wide range of printers and plotters canbe used.

6. Press or turn to select the page format.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 67

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

7. Press

SCREEN

to print a copy of the screen display .

TTIIPP:

:Press

SCREEN

w h ilepr in ting to can cel.

PRINT, PLOT, OR COPY

1. Press the button to select a port, the PC Card slot, or floppy-disk drive:

2. Press the button to select a printer, plotter, or graphic protocol (TIFF, BMP, or

HPGL ):

Other menus will appear according to your selection. The “plot size” and “pen number” menus appea r when a plotter is selected. The “ background” menu becomes available when a color or compressed TIFF or BMP graphic protocol is used. This gives you the choice betw ee n a black or white background for a screen image. Wave ru nn er assignsfile name s automatica llywh en copying to floppy or op tiona l storagedevice (seepage69).

3. Press the button for

to start a new page each time you perform Step 4.

SCREEN

4. Press

to print,plot, or savea copyof thescreendisplayto a printer, plotter, or graphic protocol.

AUTO

SETUP

TRIGGER

ZERO DELAY SETUPSTOPAUTONORMALSINGLE

DELAY LEVEL

OFFSET

CHANNEL

SELECT

TIME / DIV

VOLTS / DIV

VmVnss

SETUP

TIMEBASE

ZOOM + MATH

PANELS

UTILITIES

DISPLA Y

ZOOM

STANDBY

RETURN

SCOPEMEASURE

CLEAR

WAVE

STATUS

TOOLS

SWEEPS

STORAGE

ALL INP UTS

Ω

50 5Vrms

Ω

1M 16pF 400Vpk CAT II

POSITIONPOSITION

RESET

ZOOM

MATH TOOLS

ANALOG

PERSIST

SCREEN

CAL

R S -232-C pri nt er cabli ng: Connect your scope to a variety of ex t ernal print ers using t he r ear R S -232-C port. You cou ld also conn ec t to PC via GPIB, and use the computer to control a printer connectedviaR S-232-C. S ee C hapter 12, “Use Waverunner with PC,” for computer cabling.

68 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER S IX:

Document YourWork

Manage Floppy or Card Files

Use Wa verunner mass-storage utilities to create waveform files on floppy-disk, or optional PC memory card or hard disk card. Give your files custom names, and create directories for them. Copy files from one portable storagedevicetoanother...

UTILITIES

1. Press

2. Press the button for

Or, if saving to an optional device , such as memo ry card, in the PC Card slot:

3. Follow the on-screen instructions; whe n saving to floppy disk, press the button to

4. From the menus show n for floppy disk or PC Card slot, press the button for

5. Use the menus displayed to format the storage medium in DOS and, in the case of the floppy disk, to select density . Or copy a machine template (an ASCII file containing binary description information) to the storag edevice .

RETURN

6. Press

to display the UTIL ITIES menus .

and then the button for

twicetogobacktotheMASSSTORAGE menus.

7. Press the button for

These menus allow you to select the working directory, to delete directories, and access the File N ame Preferences and Add New Directory menus, described on the following pages.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 69

to display the PREFERENCESmenus.

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

8. Press the button to select a directory for file storage and retrieval from the work with menu . Or, the selected directory can be deleted using the DEL E TE THIS DIRECTORY menu.

9. Next, pressthebutton for

CUSTOMIZEFILENAMES

Waverunner gives default names to your files. But you can also customize them using these menus.

10. Give a custom name to your w ave form, setup, or hardcopy file.

To select the character to be modified using the character menu (below).

To restore the file typeselected in the File Typ emen u(se ebelow) to its default name.

To valid a tea newly define d name.

To move back a space and erase the previous character in the file name.

To move forward and create a space for the insertion of a character.

to access thesemenus.

To select characters — numbers or letters — for creating the file name, using the knob.

To select the channel of the file type to be customized.

RETURN

11. PresstogobacktoPREFERENCESmenus.

70 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

ADD A NEW DIRECTORY

12. Press the button for

13. Then use these menus to create a new directory for your custom-named files.

C HAPTER S IX:

Document YourWork

To select the character to be modified using the character menu (below).

To valid a tethe newdirectory .

To move back a space and erase the previous character in the file name.

To move forward and create a space for the insertion of a character.

To select characters — numbers or letters — for creating the file name, using the knob.

RETURN

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 71

14. Press twiceto gobackto theMASS STORAGE menus.

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

COPY FILES

You can copy files from one portable storage device to another: from a floppy disk in the Wa verunner floppy disk drive, to a memory card or hard disk card in the scope’s PC Card slot (or vice versa).

15. Press the button for

16. Press the button to select the devices youwish to transfer from and to:

17. Press the button to transfer certain types of file or all files on the storage device:

18. Press the buttonto

72 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER S IX:

Document YourWork

HOWW

AVERUNNERMAN AGE SMASSSTORAGE

When you select Mass S torage U tilities from U TIL ITI E S , the MA S S S T OR A GE menu group gives you access to the mass-storage file system controls. The system supports storage and retrieval of data files to and fromfloppy disk ineither the D OS

1.44 MB or 720 k B format. Waverunner writes and reads all files to and from t he floppy disk using the current working

directory.If thenewfilebeingstoredbearsthesamenameasanexistingfileonthesamestorage medi um, t he old fil e wil l be deleted. The default name of the working directory is L E CR OY_ 1.DIR . This directory is automatically createdwhen the media is formatted. I f the media is formatted elsewhere — for inst ance on a PC — the directory will be created the first time afileissavedtothefloppydisk.Themaximumnumberof filesallowedinanyonedirectoryis

2400. You canchange t he name of the working directory to any val id D O S directory name, using the file-

nam e preferences men u. A ll work ing directories are created as sub-directories from the root directory. As i n MS-DOS , the file name can contain up to eight characters followed by an extension of three characters.

A file is t r eated as: a panel setup if it s ex t ensi on is PN L ; a waveformif its extension is a threedigit num ber; a w aveform template if its extension is T PL ; a hard copy if its extension is TI F , BMP, or PR T ; and H PGL if its extension is PL T. T he table below shows how files are na m ed.

FILE OR DIRE CTORY T YPE DEFAULT N AM E CUSTOMIZED N AME

Manually stored waveforms Stt.nnn xxxxxxxx.nnn Automatically stored waveforms Att.nnn xxxxxxxx.nnn Panel files Pnnn.PNL xxxxxnnn.PN L

Dnnn.TIF

Hardcopy files

Dnnn.BMP Dnnn.PRT Dnnn.PLT

T emplate fil es LECROYvv.TPL Directory name LECROY_1.DIR

xxxxxnnn.TIF xxxxxnnn.BMP xxxxxnnn.PRT xxxxxnnn.PL T

Cannot be changed xxxxxxxx

Spreadsheet Sttnnn.TXT xxxxxnnn.TXT MA TL A B Sttnnn.DAT xxxxxnnn.DAT MathCad Sttnnn.PRN xxxxxnnn.PRN

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 73

P ART O NE: GETTING STARTED

KEY TO MASS-STORAGE T ERMS

w Thetemplateversionnumber:for

x A ny legal DOS file-name character

tt The trace name of C1, C2, C3, C4,

TA , TB, TC, TD

nnn A three-digit decimal sequence number

starting at 001 that is automatically assigned

PLT HPGL plotter or vector files

Thedefault notation for waveform files is S tt.nnn for manually stored files, and A tt.nnn for automatically stored files. Thecharacters S and A represent the two storage methods. W hen automatically generating a file nam e, Waverunn er’s system uses the assigned na m e plus a three-digit sequence number. If the assigned waveformname is already in the default ‘ Stt ’ for m (such as SC 1, S T B) the name will bechanged t o the ‘A tt’ form: AC 1, A TB and so on. A ll other user-assigned namesremainasentered.

TIF BMP

PRT Hard copy printer files

example, for a version 2.2, the template wil l be saved as L E C R OY 22. T P L

Tagged I mage Format, bitmap image files

If you select Axx . 002, and so on. Waverunner continues storing until the storage mediumis filled, t he file number r eaches 999, or there are more t han 2400 files in the current working directory.

If you select becom es full. T he remaining auto-stored waveform files w ill be renam ed — the oldest group of files wi ll be named “A xx.001”, t he s econd oldes t “A xx.002”, and so on.

T he current sequence number is deduced from Waverunner’s inspect i on of al l fil e names in t he work ing directory, regardless of file type — panel, hard copy, or waveform. The oscill oscope det ermines the highes t occupied numeric fil e-name ext ension of t he form ‘ nnn’, and uses the nex t highest number as t he current generat ion number for storage operat ions. W hen you delet e a fil e generation, Waverunner del etes all files designated with the three-digit sequenc e num ber of the filename extensi on, regardles s of file type.

T he mass-storage file system indicates media size and st orage availability in k byt es w here 1 kbyte = 1024 bytes. Many media manufacturers speci fy the available storage in Mbyt es where 1 Mbyte = 1 million bytes. This results in an apparent mismatch in specified versus act ual media st orage availability, when in fact t he availability in byt es is identical.

If the floppy’s write-protection switch has been pushed to the active position, Waverun n er displays the message “Device is Write Protected” on the upper part of the grid when ever the medium is acces sed for writing.

See Chapter 12, “U s e Wa veru nner wit h PC ,” for how to transfer files to PC.

Fill

and use default names, the first waveform st ored will be A xx.001, the second

Wrap

, the oldest auto-stored waveform files will be deleted whenever the medium

74 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

AARRT

WWO

LLO

Part Tw oof the man ual cover s th e Wav er un n erfeature s yo u’ll use formor e advan ced w av efo rm op er ation s: RIS and sequence samp lin g, SMART Trigger, Advanced w av efo rmpr o cessing. It also looks deeperinto operation s alr eady cov er ed inPart One.

Use Part Tw oas an advan ced guide and a r ef erence forunder standin g imp o r tan t functions of yo ur digital oscillosco p e .

KII

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 75

C HAPTER S EVEN:

In Part One you sawhowto adjust an dset uptimebase . Next, take a clo s e rlook at the W av er unnertime base sampling mo des.

In thi schapter, see how

Tochoose a sampling mode To use single-shot or RIS modes To use sequence mo de Tosampleexternally

A Questionof Tim ebase

76 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER S EVEN

A Questionof Time base

Choose a Sampling Mode

Depending on your timebase, you can choose any of three sampling modes: single-shot, RIS (Random Interleaved Sampling), or roll mode. In addition, on timebases suited to single-shot and roll, the acquisition memory can be subdivided into user-defined segme nts to give sequence mode.

SINGLE-SHOT — WAVERUNNER’S BASIC CAPTURE TECHNI QUE

A sing le -sho t acqu isition is a series of digitized voltage values samp le don the inpu t signa l at a uniform rate. It is also a series of measu re d data values associa tedw ith a sing letrigge r ev e n t. The acqu isition is typic a lly stopped a defined number of samples after this event occurs: a number determined by the selected trigger delay and measured by the timebase. The wa veform’s horizontal position — and w aveform display in general — is determined using the trigger event as the definition of time zero.

You can choose either a pre- or post-trigger delay. Pre-trigger delay is the time from the left-hand edge of the Wa verunner grid forward to the trigger event, while post-trigger delay is the time bac k to theevent. You can sample the w ave form in a range starting w ell before the trigger event up to the moment the event occurs. This is 100% pre-trigger, and it allow syouto see the w a v eform lea d ingup to the point at whichthe trigger condition w as met and the trigger occurred. (Wave runner offers up to one million points of pre-trigge r information.) Post-trigger delay, on the other hand, allow s you to sample the wave form starting at the equivalent of 10 000 divisions after the event occurred.

Because each Waverunner input channel has a dedicated ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), the voltage on ea c h is sampled an d meas u redat thesameinstant. This allows ve ry reliabletime mea s u rem e n ts between the channels.

On fast timebase settings, the maximum single-shot sampling rate is used. But for slow er timebases, the sampling rate is decreased and the number of data samples maintained.

The relationship betw een Wave runner sample rate, memory and time can be simply defined as:

timeCapture ×= ,

and

timeCapture

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 77

= .

DivisionTime

Memory

RateSample

P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER

RIS—FORHIGHERSAMPLERATES

RIS (Random Interleave d Sampling) is an acquisition technique that allows effective sampling rates higher than the maximu msingle-shot samplingrate . It is use d on repe titive wave forms with a stable trigge r. The maximu m effective Waverunner sampling rate of 25 GS/ s can be achieved with RIS by making 50 single-shot acquisitions at 500 MS/ s or 200 MS/ s, depe nding on model. The bins thus acquired are positioned approximately 40 ps apart. The process of acquiring these bins and satisfying the time constraint is a random one. The relative time betwee n ADC sampling instants and the event trigger provides the necessary variation, measured by the timebase to 5 ps resolution.

It takes Waverunner 30 trigger events to complete a 1 GS/s RIS acquisition, and 230 events for a 25 GS/ s acquisition. But sometimes the scope needs many more than this. It then interleaves these segments (Fig. 1) to provid ea wa v eform covering a time interval tha t is a multipleof themax im u msingle -shot sam p lingrate. How eve r, thereal-time interva l over w h ichWaverunne r colle cts the wav e form data is mu c hlonge r, and depends on the trigger rate and the amount of interleaving required. The oscilloscopeis ca p a b leof acquiring approximately 40 000 RIS segme nts per second.

Segment 1

Segment 2

Segment 3

Finalcapture

Figure 1. Buildup of an RIS waveform.

ROLL — DISPL AY IN REAL-TIME

Wa verunner roll mode displays in real time incoming points in single-shot acquisitions that havea sufficiently low data rate. At timebase settings of

the screen until a trigge r event is detected and theacquisition is complete. Evenwh e nreal-time displa yis not possible, the data will continue to be acquired. This w orks in the same wa y as a strip-chart recorder: the latest data is used to updatethe tracedisplay. Waveform math and parametercalculations areperformedonthe completed wave forms, after the real-time display has stopped.

≥0.5 s/div the oscilloscop erolls the incomin gdata continuou slyacross

78 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

C HAPTER S EVEN:

SEQUENCE — WORKING WITH SEGMENT S

In sequence mode, the complete wa veform consists of anumber of fixed-size segme nts (Fig. 2) acquired in single-shot mode (see Wa verunner specifications for the limits). You select the number of segme nts to be captured, and can then select each segment, individually , and use it for processing w ith Math and Measure tools.

Sequ enceoffers a number of uniqu ecapa b ilities . With it, youcan limit de a dtime be tw een trigge r ev e n ts for consecutive segments. Waverunner can capture in fine detail complicated sequence s of e vents over large time intervals, while ignoring the uninteresting periods betw een the events. You can also make time measurements between events on selected segments using the full precision of the acquisition timebase.

Trigger time stamps of 1 ns res olu tion are giv e nfor eac hof theseg ments in theText & Times Status menu . Each individual segme nt can be zoomed or used as input to math functions.

Wa verunner uses the sequence timebase setting to determine the capture duration of each segment: 10 x time/div. Theoscilloscope uses this setting — with the desired numb e r of segmen ts, maximum segmen t length and total available memory — to determine the actual number of samples or segments, and time or points. However, thedisplayof thecompletewaveformwithall its segments maynot entirelyfillthescreen.

Sequence mode can also be used in remote operation to take full advantage of W ave runner’s high data transfer cap ability (seeChapter 12, “U se Waver unner with P C ,” andthe

Remote Control Manual).

A Questionof Tim ebase

Segment 1

Trigger

Figure 2. How Waverunner capt ures segment s. See page 83 for how t o obtain a sequence status summary.

egment 2

Trigger

egment 2

rigger

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 79

P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER

PAIRING CH AN NEL S (LT 364SERIES ONL Y)

A pair of channels can be combined on channel 2 or 3, with channels 1 and 4 disabled or available only for triggering. On these paired channels the maximum sampling rate is doubled and the record length is increased by two times.

Channels are combined to increase sample rate or memory size or both in order to capture and view a signal in all its detail. When combined, the channels (likethe EXT BN C input) that are not involved in the combination remain ava ilable for triggering, eventhoug h theyarenot display ed. It is preferable to select “Automatic” to combine channels and have the remaining acquisition channels available for triggering.The channels available for triggering only would be ind ica tedby “trig only ” in theAcqu is ition Summa ry Field .

Refer to the “Acquisition Modes” table in Appendix A for maximum sample rates.

Combining of Channels

80 ISSUED: January 2002 L TXXX-OM-E RevB

UseaSampling Mode

SET UP FOR SINGLE-SHOT OR RIS

TIMEBASE

SETUP

1. Press

andaccess the TIMEBASE SETUPmenus.

2. Use these menus to set up the Wave runner timebase for Single-Shot or RIS.

To select Single-Shot for display of d a ta collected during successive single-shot acquisitions from the input channels, or sam p lin grate w ith a rep etitiveinput signal and stabletrigger.

C HAPTER S EVEN:

A Questionof Tim ebase

RIS forahigher

To select from an internal or external clock source. See page 83 for external clock.

To sw itch Seq ue n cemode Onor Off. Use the knob to choose the number of segme nts. See next page.

To select the maximu m numbe r of samples to be acquired, using the menu knob.

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 81

P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER

SET UP FOR SEQUENCE CAPTURE

3. Activate seque nce mode using the Sequence menu and then use these men u s to do seque ncesamp ling.

SCOPE

STATUS

:Press

TTIIPP:

status report on a trace or memory’s sequence segment range.

To select Single-Shot for sequence sampling.

To select Internalor external — ECL,OV,TTL — clock mode s.Select internal unless using an external clock signal (see next page). You can select a time-out for sequence mode using the UTILITIE S, Special Modes, and Timebase Trigger menu.

and select “Tex t and Times” to obtaina

To turn Seque nceOnor Off.

To select with the knob the maximum record length, in samples, for each sequence segment.

NNOOTTEE:

: In sequence mode: Press the SIN GL E button and Waverunner will fill the chosen number of segm e nts and thensto pcap turin g . But if the re are not enoughtr iggerevents to fillthe segments, Waverunner will not stop capturing until you press STOP. If you press N ORM AL the segments will be filled and the data processed and displayed. Then , if mor e trigger events occur , Waver un n erwill re start capturi n g fromthe fir st segmen t. Whenyo u press AUTO, cap tur ing wil l also be restarted fro mthe first segmen t, if the time betweentw oconsecutive triggers ex ceeds a selected time-out.

H owever, avoid any unnecessary button pushing and knob turning in Sequence mode.

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C HAPTER S EVEN:

OBTAIN A SE QUENCE STATUS SUMMARY

Display a summary of the status of you r seque nce acquisition.

A Questionof Tim ebase

SCOPE

STATUS

4. Press

to show the STATUS menus.

5. Press the button to select

Text & Times.

SCREEN

TTIIPP:

:Press

to documen t y ourstatus sum m ar yand make a h ard cop y. Printin g (and stor age) op er ations willinclude undisp lay ed text.

Press the S COPE S TA T U S button for a full status summary of your sequence acquisition. Use the Select segment menu and its butt on and k nob t o scr oll down the segment list .

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 83

P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER

OR SAMPLE E XTERNAL L Y

Use an external clock at a fixe d frequency (see Appendix) to control and synchronize the sampling with an external signal source connected to the WaverunnerrearEXTsignalinput.

This me n uis inactivewh en the ex terna l sampleclock is bein guse d .

Single-Shot is selected by default.

To specify the effective threshold for sampling the EXT input: 1.3 V

ECL,0.0V with0V,or+1.5VwithTTL selected .

with

To turn Sequence Onor Off. Use the knob to set the number of segments.

To select with the knob the maximum record length, in samples, for each segment.

NOT

NNOOTTEE:

: E xternal clock modes are available only if the E XT trigger is

the trigger source. Trigger timestamps and the AUTO sequence time-out feature are una v ail ab le wh enyo u use an exter n al clock signal. And inter-segment dead time is

NOT

guaranteed.

Ex ternal clocktime/div is ex p ressed insamp les perdivisio n , as is the triggerdelay, which can be adjustednormally.Noattemptismadetomeasurethetimedifferencebetweenthetriggerandthe ex ter nal clo ck, so successiv e acquisitions of the same signal can appearto jitteronthe scr een. Waverunner requires a number of pulses to recognize the external clock signal. It stops capturing only when the trigger conditions have been satisfied and the appropriate number of data points have been accumulated. Anyadjustment to the TIME /DIV kno b automatically return s the scope to normal (internal) clock operation.

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C HAPTER S EVEN:

BLANK PAGE

A Questionof Tim ebase

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 85

C HAPTER E IGHT:

Mor e about E dge triggering. And intr o ducing the SMART Triggerran ge forcapturin g comp lexwavefo r mcharacteristics.

In thi schapter, see how

Tohold off withEdge Tr igger To capture rare phenomena with Glitch trigger To set upan ex clusio ntr igger To determin e trigger level, coupling and slop e Totriggeronintervals To use State and Edge Qualified tr iggers To trigger onlost signals using Drop o ut trigger TotriggeronTV signals

atter nTr igger

TriggerSmar t

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C HAPTER E IGHT

Trigger Smart

Hold Off by Timeor Events

Holdoff is an additional condition of Edge trigger (see Chapter 2, “Simply T r igger ” ). It can be expressed either as a period of time or an event count. Holdoff disables the trigger circuit for a given period of time or events after the last trigger occurred. Events are the number of occasions on which the trigger condition is met. The trigger will again occur whe n the holdoff ha s elapsed and the trigger’s other conditions are met. Use holdoff to obtain a stable trigger for repetitive, composite wa veforms. For example, if the number or duration of sub-signals is know n you can disable them by choosing an appropriate holdoff value. Qualified triggers operate using conditions similar to holdoff (seepag e100).

HOLD OFF BY TIME

Sometimes you can achieve a stable display of complex, repetitive waveforms by placing a condition on the time betwee n each successive trigger event. This time would otherwise be limited only by the input signal, the coupling, and Waverunner’s bandw idth. Select a positive or negative slope, and a minimum time betwee n triggers.Thetrigger is generated whentheconditionis met after theselectedholdoff time, counted fromthe last trigge r (Fig.1) . Any time betw e en 10 ns and20 s can be selected . The dela yis initializedand started on each trigger.

Trigger Source: Positive Slope

Trigger

Event

Triggercanoccur

Hold-off time Hold-off time

Generated T rigger

Trigger initiates

hold-off timer

Trigger

Event

Trigger

Event

Trigger initiates hold-off timer

F igure 1. E dge T rigger with H oldoff by T ime. T he bold edges on the t rigger source indicate that a positive slope has been selected. T he brok en upwa rd-pointing arrows indicate potential triggers, which wou ld occ u r if other con ditions are met. T he bold arrows in dicate where the triggers ac tually occ u r w hen the holdoff time has been exceeded.

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P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER

HOLD OFF BY E VEN TS

Select a positive or negative slope and a number of events. An event is the number of times the trigger condition is met after the last trigger. A trigger is generated whe n the condition is met after this number, coun tedfrom the last trigger. The count is initialized an d started on eachtrigge r. For example, if the sele cte d event number is two (Fig . 2), the trigger w ill occur on the third eve nt. From one to 99 999 999 events can be sele cted.

TriggerSource: Positive Slope

Trigger

Event

Trigger

Event

Trigger

Event

Trigger canoccur

Hold-off by 2 events Hold-off by 2 events

GeneratedTrigger

Trigger

Trigger initiates

hold-off timer

initiates hold-off timer

F igure 2. E dge Trigger with H oldoff by E vents (in this exam ple, two events). The bold edges on the triggersourceindicatethat apositiveslopehasbeenselected.Thebroken,upward-pointingarrows ind icate potential triggers, while the bold ones show w here triggers actually occu r after the holdoff expires.

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C HAPTER E IGHT:

TriggerSmar t

TriggerSMART

You have seen how to trigger on signals using Edge trigger, and the conditions of level, coupling and slope, and holdoff. Waverunner also offers a range of sophisticated triggers that enable you to trigger on these conditions, as w ell as many other complex wa veform characteristics. Use the SMART Trigger range to set additional qualifications before a trigger is generated. Catch rare phenomena such as glitches or spikes, specific log ic states , or missingbits. Capture interva ls , abnormal signals , or TV signals. Trigger on state or edgequ a lified events and dropouts.

CATCH A GLI TCH

Findin gandcapturingelu siv eglitche s — abn ormallyw id epu lse s in a signa l — is simple with the Glitch trigge r.

1. Connect your signal to the Waverunner.

2. Simultaneously press the second and fifth menu buttonsfrom the top, and default power-upsettings. Andturn off anyunwanteddisplayed trace.

to return thescopeto its

3. Press the button for

AUTO

SETUP

4. Press w ould reveal the occasional glitch. The goal of the measurement is to catch this event by setting a trigger adapted to it.

5. Press TRIGGER

6. Press the button for and display these menus:

LTXXX-OM-E RevB ISSUED: January2002 89

and then

STOP

to display a normal wave form. Viewing this signal during several captures

SETUP

and then the button to select

and set Coupling to match the source signal’s impedance .

P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER

Use these menus to set up to trigger on a glitch, or to create an ex clusion trigger (see page93).

7. Sele ct Glitchto catch pulses of a chosen width. Capture narrow

pulses less than or equal to, or greater than or equal to, a given time limit: the pulse’s width. You can also set up to ex clu d eor include certain events (see page 93).

8. Select the trigger source. This could be a signal on a channel, the line voltage that pow ers the Wave runner or the EXT connector.

9. Sele ct the cou p lin gfor the trigge r source.

10. Place the trigger point at the end of a positive or negative slope . SeeNNOOTTEEthispage.

11. Press the button to set to Onandtotriggerif the

pulseislessthanorequaltothevaluesetwiththe knob (ran ge:2.5 ns to 20 s).Use in combination

with “ width ≥”below.

12. Press the button to set to Onandtotriggerif the

pulse is greater than or equal to the value set with the knob (range: 2.5 ns to 20 s). Use in combination

with “ width ≤,” combin e dto target glitche s within (“&”) a certain range if the “width ≤”valueis greater than the “width ≥”value.“OR”inthemenu

indicates that glitches above or below this range will be targeted.

NNOOTTEE:

: W av erun ner must first “see” the pulse befor e it can tell its w idth and kno wexactly w hento tri gger. If theglitch onwhichyou want to tr i ggeris ona n e gati ve pu l se , cho ose “Pos” fro mthe at end of men u. But if the

: Use Persistence to reveal the glitch shap e,

TTIIPP:

th e nmatchthe tr i ggerlevel to thelevelat

w h ichtheglitchappears. glitch is o na positive pulse, choose “ N eg.”

NORMAL

13. Press

to arm the scope. Then wait for the trigger condition to become valid. See next page.

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C HAPTER E IGHT:

TriggerSmar t

T rigger on a glit ch of widt h≤5.0 ns on t he negative slope. Here, the glitch is mark ed by arrow cursors on the waveform. T race A on the lower grid is a zoom of the waveform on the top grid. I nformation onthe trigger is given beneat h the grid.

: If, forex am p le , the glitch’s widthis lo wer thanthe signal’s, set th e trigger to a smal lerwidth

NNOOTTEE:

th anthat of th esigna l . The signal’s wid thas dete rm i ned by th eWa verunnertriggercomparator depen ds onthe DC tr iggerlevel. And if that lev el wer eto be set at the middle of a sine w av e, for ex amp le, the width could thenbe con sider ed as the half perio d. But if th e level w er e higher, the sign al’s w idthwo uld be con sider ed to be less thanthe half perio d.

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P ART T WO: LOOKING DEEPER

HOWG P ulse smaller than select ed pulse width:

(F ig. 3). This glitch trigger is generat ed onthe selected edge when the pulse width is less than or equal to the selected width.

The timing for the width is init ialized and restarted on the opposit e slope to that selected. Widths of between 2.5 ns and 20 s canbe selected, but typically triggering will occur on glitches 2 ns wide.

LITCHTRIGGERWORKS

S elect a maximum pulse width

TriggerSource

Glitch Width

Triggercanoccur

Width

Selected

Width

Selected

Generated Trigger

Figure 3. Glitch Trigger: i n t his exampl e triggering on a pul se width less than or equal to the width selected. The broken upw ard arrow indicates a potential trigger, while the bold one shows where the actual t rigger occurs.

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Lecroy waverunner 1 schematic

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual