LeCroy 9450A User Manual

I

OPERATOR'S

MODEL 9450A
DUAL-CHANNEL
DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPE

MANUAL

I

Serial Number
May 1992

LeCroy

Corporate Headquarters

700

Chestnut Ridge Road
Chestnut Ridge,
Tel:

[phone],

European Headquarters

2,

rue Pre-de-la-Fontaine
P.O. Box
121 7
Tel.:

341
Meyrin 1 /Geneva, Switzerland
(022) 71 9 21 11 , Telex:

NY

10977-6499

TWX:

710-577-2832

41 9 058

Copyrightm May
publication supersedes all earlier versions. Specifications subject to change.

1992,

LeCroy. Ail rights reserved. information in this

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

8

Extended Pulse Parameters

Extended Parameters Display
Extended Parameters Setup
Extended Parameters List

9

The

Rear Panel

Mains Voltage Selection (67)
Fuse Protection
Power Switch (66)
Accessory Power Connectors (73)
GPIB and RS-232-C Port Selection
RS-232-C Connector (68)
Accessory Control (69)
BNC Connector (62)
External

Sampling CK Output (63)
Trigger Out (64)
Trigger Veto (65)
Reset (71)

CK

Input (62)

10 Getting Started

Waveform Acquisition

Saving and Recalling Front-Panel Setups

Storing and Recalling Waveforms

Waveform Expansion

Waveform Processing

Table of Contents

(70)

11 Getting More from your Oscilloscope

Rapid Response of the Front-Panel Controls

Accurate Amplitude Measurements

Accurate Time Measurements

Auto-Calibration

12 Waveform Processing Option (WPO1)

Processing Capabilities

Summed Average
Continuous Average

Arithmetic

Extrema

Functions

Enhanced Resolution

1

GENERAL INFORMATION

INITIAL INSPECTION

WARRANTY

It is recommended that the shipment be thoroughly inspected
mediately upon delivery to the purchaser. All material in the
container should be checked against the enclosed Packing List.
LeCroy cannot accept responsibility for shortages in comparison
with the Packing List unless notified promptly. If the shipment is
damaged in any way, please contact the Customer Service Depart­ment or local field

LeCroy warrants its oscilloscope products to operate within specifi­cations under normal use for a period of two years from the date of

shipment.

90

thought to be functional, but is
any kind covering detailed performance. Products not
tured by LeCroy are covered solely by the warranty of the original
equipment manufacturer.

In exercising this warranty, LeCroy will repair or, at its option,
replace any product returned to the Customer Service Department
or an authorized service facility within the warranty period, pro­vlded that the warrantor's examination discloses that the product
1s defectlve due to workmanship or materials and that the defect
has not been caused by
ditlons or operation.

The purchaser is responsible for transportation and insurance
charges for the return of products to the servicing facility. LeCroy
wlll return all in-warranty products with transportation prepaid.

This warranty 1s in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or im­plied,
merchantability, fitness, or adequacy for any particular purpose or
use. LeCroy shall not be liable for any speclal, Incidental, or con­sequential damages, whether in contract or otherwise.

Spares, replacement parts and repairs are warranted for

days. The instrument's firmware is thoroughly tested and

including

offlce immediately.

supplled "as is" with no warranty of

mlsuse, neglect, accident or abnormal con-

but not limited to any implied warranty of

im-

manufac-

PRODUCT ASSISTANCE

MAINTENANCE
AGREEMENTS

Answers to
of LeCroy equipment are available from the Customer Service
Department,
York
Pre-de-la-Fontaine,

(4 1)22/7 19 2 1 11,

LeCroy offers a selection of customer support services. Mainte­nance agreements provide extended warranty and allow the
customer to budget maintenance costs after the initial two year
warranty has expired. Other services such as installation, training,
enhancements and on-site repair are available through specific
Supplemental Support Agreements.

questions

700

10977-6499,

concerning installation, calibration, and use

Chestnut Ridge Road, Chestnut Ridge, New

U.S.A., tel.

1217

or your local field engineering office.

[phone],

Meyrin

1,

and

2,

rue du

Geneva, Switzerland, tel.

I

INTRODUCTION

ARCHITECTURE

Hi-Z,

50

Amplifiers
Attenuators

Cl

t

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

The

LeCroy 9450A is a high-performance digital oscilloscope
suited to a wide variety of research, design and test applications. It
is used to capture, analyze, display and archive electrical

waveforms in fields such as electronic engineering, physics and
defense research, automated testing and measurement, telecom­munications, laser research, computer design, electromagnetic
pulse and interference measurement, lidar technology and ultra­sonics research.

9450A features two 400 megasamplelsecond 8-bit Flash

The
ADC systems, with 50K non-volatile memories for waveform ac­quisition and storage, and two 50K memories for waveform
processing, expansion and temporary storage. High-speed inter­nal data transfer and processing are performed using a
multi-processor system. The central processor is a powerful
Motorola 68020 microprocessor which performs computations
and controls the oscilloscope's operation.

Non-volat ile

RS-232-C

9450A

-

BLOCK

Figure

Time base

DIAGRAM

1

Display

Processor

t

64 KB Memory

v

GPlB

-

68020 Micro-

processor

16

MHY

4

68881

Reference
Memory

lOOK

Processing

lOOK

Memory

Real Time

Clock

Working Memory

KB

664

Program Memory

750 KB

TRIGGER

Product Descri~tion

Trigger Classes Operatlonal Modes

Single-source trigger Hold-off by time
Pattern trigger Hold-off by number of events

Pulse width
Pulse wldth < (FASTGLITCH)
Interval width
Interval width

>

>

<

7

State Qualified trigger Wait for a given time
TimelEvent Qualified trigger

TV trigger

additinn nerindir ralihratinn ic n~rfnrmed tn enciire lnno term

Wait for a given event count

Trigger on a given line in a
chosen field

atelv to the left and right of the CRT.

screen also presents internal status and measurement results, as

screen dump button. Plotting is done in parallel with normal

MANUALIREMOTE The

instantly on me nign

front-M an el

lavout and o~eration will be verv familiar to users

Product Description

2

Reference memories, C and
which can store one acquired and/or processed waveform, or up to
200 waveform segments.

Function memories E and F: Two
for waveform

Peak and Glitch Detection

Horizontal Section
Tlme Base Range: 1 nsecldiv to 5000 secldiv.

Acquisition

Modes

Minimum and maximum peaks, as fast as 0.002% of the record
length (minimum 2.5 nsec), are captured and

probability.

100%

Using LeCroy's FASTGLITCH trigger technique (see the trigger
section below), glitches faster than 2.5 nsec can be detected on all
time-base settings.

Clock accuracy:
Interpolator resolution: 5 psec.
Interpolator accuracy: 20 ps RMS
Sampling clock output: BNC connector on rear panel.
External clock in: BNC connector on rear panel.

Random Interleaved Sampling (RIS) for repetitive signals from

1 nsecldiv to

Single shot for transient signals and

10 nsecldiv to 200 msecldiv.

processing.

I

5

psecldiv.

f

D:

0.002%

Two 50K, 16-bit word memories

16-bit word memories

50K,

displayed

repetitive

with

signals from

Roll for slowly-changing signals from 500 msecldiv to
5000 sec/div.

Sequence mode divides the acquisition memory into 2, 5, 10, 20,

50,

100 or 200 segments.

Horizontal expansion: Dual zoom mode allows
or different sections of the same signal to be expanded up to 1000
times.

Pre-trigger recording: Adjustable in 0.2% increments to 100%
of full scale (grid width).

Post-trigger delay: Adjustable in 0.02 division increments up to

10,000 divisions.

External trigger input: 1 Ma, < 20 pF, 250 V max. (DC + peak
AC 10 kHz).

External trigger range:

f

2

V

in Ext, f 20 V in ExtIlO.

d~fferent signals

Display

Cursors

Remote Control

Probes

General

INSTALLATION

CAUTION

If a

LeCroy oscilloscope set for

into a

220

V

power source, severe damage can oc­cur. Before powering up the unit, ensure that the
correct mains voltage has been set.

11 5 V

is plugged

DISPLAY LAYOUT

I

Real-time clock field VI Abridged trigger fleld
II Menu field VII Abrldged front-panel status field
Ill Icon field Vlll Displayed trace field

IV Trigger delay field IX Message field
V Time and frequency field X Trigger level field

ICON

TRIGGER DELAY
FIELD (IV)

FIELD (111)

CH2

n

0.2

mV

DC

Trigger source: Channel
Trigger level:
Trigger coupling: DC

SPECIAL LeCROY TRIGGER GRAPHICS INDICATE the

SLOPE

and

LEVEL

of

Figure

0.2

mV

the TRIGGER

3

2

NJ

or

9U1W

TRIGER

EXAMPLE

of

MESSAGE FIELD DISPLAY

Figure

4

MANUAL

OPERATION

n

CHI

UQ

10mV

T/div

1V#

-

10

ps

DISPLAY

In

of

the ABRIDGED PANEL STATUS FIELD

\

VERTICAL SENSITIVITY PARAMETERS

Figure

I

I

CHI

n

SENSITIVITY DATA DISPLAYED

STATUS FIELD

and In

the DISPLAYED TRACE FIELD

Figure

5

I

I

52mVDC CH1>.1

In

the ABRIDGED PANEL

6

Chm

10ns>.l

CHZ

50

T/div

1

mV&

10

v

v

ns

=

-

Fixed Sensitivity Offset Range Voltage

2 V
1 V

0.5 V to 20 mV
10 mV

5

mV

f

5

f

lotimes

f

12 times

f

24 times

f

48 times

times

f

10 V

f

10V

f

6

V to f 240 mV

f

240 mV

f

240 mV

Main

Henu

.

A

Sampling

v

UPWARD- and DOWNWARD-POINTING, DOUBLE-SHAFT ARROWS

INDICATING that INPUT WAVEFORMS

Figure

7

v

are

OFF SCREEN

Modes

TIME BASE SAMPLING RATE DISPLAYED RECORD

TlMElDlV RIS SS RIS SS

1

nsec

2

nsec

5

nsec

10

nsec

20

nsec

50

nsec

0.1

psec

0.2

psec
psec

0.5

1

psec
psec

2

psec

5

psec

10

psec

20

psec

50

0.1

msec

0.2

msec

0.5

msec

1

msec

2

msec

msec

5

msec

10

msec

20

msec

50

sec

0.1

sec

0.2

0.5

sec

1

sec

2

sec

5

sec

10

sec

sec

20
50

sec

100

sec

sec

200

sec

500

1

ksec

ksec

2

ksec

5

TlMElPOlNT LENGTH (Polnts)

100
100
100

100
100
100

100
100
100
250
500

1

psec
psec
psec

psec
psec
psec

psec
psec
psec

psec
psec
nsec

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

2.5

nsec

2.5

nsec

2.5

nsec

2.5

nsec

2.5

nsec

2.5

nsec

2.5

nsec

2.5

nsec

2.5

nsec

2.5

nsec

5

nsec

10

nsec

25

nsec

50

nsec

0.1

per

0.25

psec

0.5

psec

1

psec

2.5

psec

5

psec

10

psec

25

psec

50

psec

ROLL MODE

0.1

msec

0.25

msec

0.5

msec

1

msec

2.5

msec

5

msec

10

msec

25

msec

50

msec

0.1

sec

0.25

sec

0.5

sec

1

sec

100
200
500

1000 40
2000 80

5000 200
10000 400
20000 800
50000 2000

40000 4000
40000 8000
50000 20000

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

40000
40000
50000

40000
40000
50000

40000
40000
50000
40000
40000
50000
40000
40000

50000
40000
40000
50000
40000

40000
50000

40000
40000
50000
40000
40000

50000

Manual Operation

PROBES Two Model P9020 passive probes are supplied with the oscillo-

scope. These probes have 10 Ma input impedance and 16 pF
capacitance. The system bandwidth with these probes is DC to

1

250 MHz (typical) in
250 MHz in AC coupling. Active FET probes (Tektronix models
P6201, P6202a and P6230) may be powered via probe power con-

nectors on the rear panel.
PROBE CALIBRATION outputs (21). (22)- To calibrate the

P9020 probe, connect it to one of the input channels BNC connec­tors (23). (25) or (30). Connect the probe's grounding alligator
clip to the front panel ground lug (22) of the oscilloscope and
nect the tip to lug (21).

Adjust the oscilloscope's front-panel controls as described in
tion 8. If over- or undershoot of the displayed signal occurs, it is
possible to adjust the probe by inserting the small screwdriver.
supplied with the probe package, into the trimmer on the probe's
barrel and turning it clockwise or counter-clockwise to achieve the
optimal square-wave contour.

Ma DC coupling, and > 10 Hz to

5

con-

Sec-

setting

BANDWIDTH LIMIT

TRIGGER CONTROLS Two basic trigger modes are available. The standard trigger facili-

(STANDARD)

By
width can be reduced from 300 MHz to 80 MHz (-3 dB).
Bandwidth limiting may be useful in reducing signal and system
noise or preventing high-frequency aliasing. For example, band­width limiting reduces any high-frequency signals that may cause
aliasing in single-shot applicat~ons using time-base settings faster

than 20 ~sec/division.

ties are described below. For a full description of the SMART
trigger facilities refer to Section 6.

The standard trigger has a single source and is completely
trolled from the front panel. SMART trigger functions are selected
by pressing the SMART Trigger button (35) which switches "ON"
the adjacent LED. Pressing the SMART Trigger button again,
switches off the LED and returns the oscilloscope to standard trig­ger control. SMART trigger functions are inspected and modified
using a display menu.

the Bandwidth-Limit button (20) to ON, the band-

con-

Trigger Sources

Trigger Coupling

Manual

Operation

5

slope is possible for fixed gain settings of 5 and 10 mV/div. For
all other fixed gain settings, only a negative trigger slope is pos­sible.

AC: Signals are capacitively coupled; DC levels are rejected
and frequencies below 50 Hz are attenuated.

LF

REJ: Signals are coupled via a capacitive high-pass filter

network. DC is rejected and signal frequencies below 50 kHz

LF

are attenuated. The
triggering on medium to high frequency signals is desired.

HF

REJ: Signals are DC coupled to the trigger circuit and a

low-pass filter network attenuates frequencies above 50 kHz.

The

HF

REJ trigger mode is used to trigger on low frequencies.

DC:

All of the signal's frequency components are coupled to
the trigger circuit. This coupling mode is used in the case of
high frequency bursts, or where the use of AC coupling would
shift the effective trigger level.

REJ trigger mode is used when stable

Trigger Adjustment TRIGGER

(Delay, Level and Slope) pre- or post-trigger delay desired when recording signals. Turning

this knob slowly allows fine adjustment of the trigger point; turning

it quickly results in rapid trigger point movement. Note that the
value of the trigger delay applies to all the trigger sources.

Pretrigger adjustment up to 100% full scale, in steps of 0.2% is
available. The value is displayed in % in the Panel Status display
(press button (2) in the Main menu) and indicated on the grid by

the position of an upward pointing arrow t in the Trigger Delay

field (IV).

Post-trigger adjustment is possible up to 10,000 divisions in 0.02
division increments. A post-trigger delay is indicated by a left­ward-pointing arrow,
Delay field (IV). The exact delay in seconds is specified beside

this arrow.

ZERO button (41)- The Zero function resets the trigger delay
from previously set positions to the farthest left grid line
Pretrigger position).

TRIGGER LEVEL knob (42)- adjusts the required voltage level
of a signal which is being used to generate a trigger. The level can
be adjusted independently for each trigger source. Note that the
trigger level is specified in volts and is normally unchanged when
the vertical gain or offset is modified.

BELAY

knob (40)- is used-to adjust the amount of

t,

in the left-hand corner of the Trigger

(i.e. 0.0%

2

7

Trigger

Mode

No.

of

Segments PtslSegment PtslSegment

20

msecldiv Maximum

2 20000 20000
5 8000 10000

10 4000 5000
20 2000 2000
50 800 1000

100 400 500
200 200 200

Manual

When the 9450A is in Single or Seqnce mode and has finished
acquiring data, all the parameters may be modified by manipulat­ing the appropriate front-panel controls, but such modification
indicated by parameter changes in the Abridged Front Panel
Status field (VII) - will only be taken into account when the next
trace is being acquired.

Whenever the oscilloscope is in the Norm or Auto trigger modes,

data are continuously acquired and a display is rapidly generated.
Adjustment of the front-panel controls will cause prompt changes
in the acquisition parameters and immediate waveform acquisition
with the new settings.

Operation

5

-

Trigger Status

Trigger Symbols To allow immediate recognition of the current trigger conditions,

TRIGGER STATUS, TRIG'D and READY
left of the Zero button (41))- The Trig'd LED indicates that an
acquisition has been completed (normally after a valid trigger).

The Ready LED indicates that the trigger circuit has been armed

and that the oscilloscope is currently digitizing input signals. When
it receives a valid trigger signal, it will continue digitization until the
other trigger conditions, such as trigger delay, have been satisfied

and will then display the acquired waveform.

In RIS, at slow trigger rates, the trigger LED lights up each time an
intermediate acquisition occurs. This feature helps to monitor the

behavior of the waveform even before the waveform is recon­structed.

the oscilloscope displays a special set of trigger graphics, which
appear in the Front Panel Status field (VII). Some examples of
the standard trigger symbols are given in Figure
of symbols for the SMART trigger may be found in Section

LEDs (located to the

8.

An extended set

6.

3

I

Ch

1

1.8

mV

n

Ch

2

11

mV

n

HF

LF

REJ Trigger Source: Channel

Trigger Source: Channel

Level:

Coupling: HF

Slope: Posltlve

Level: 11

Coupling: LF REJ

Slope: Positlve

.8

rnV

rnV

1

2

1

ExtllO

u

Line

Trigger

n

EXAMPLES

-1.4

V

HF

REJ Trigger Source: ExtllO

Trlgger Source: Llne

OF

THE STANDARD TRIGGER GRAPHICS

Figure

8

Level:

Coupling: HF REJ

Slope: Negative

-1.4

V

Manual

the Store button (1). Press the button corresponding to the re-

quired source and then choose either Mem C or D as required.
FUNCTION E, F buttons (58)- Turn the display of a computed

or stored waveform ON or OFF. The type of computation may be
defined by pressing the Redefine button (51)

1,

2

CHANNELS
applied to the input connectors (23), (25) and (30) ON or OFF.
Data are always recorded simultaneously into the acquisition me­mories, irrespective of whether the trace displays are ON or OFF.

buttons (59) - Turn the display of signals

Operation

5

DISPLAY CONTROL
AND EXPANSION

Before waveform acquisition the traces are controlled by the

tical and
(45). respectively).

Displayed traces may be modified within certain limits following
waveform acquisition.

Expand A,
are controlled by the Display Control kaobs and buttons (49)
through (54). Only one trace can be controlled at a time. The
identity of the controlled trace is indicated by a rectangular frame
around the waveform descriptor in the Displayed Trace field

(VIII)

Whenever more than one of the six traces listed above is currently
displayed, the frame may be moved to the next trace by pressing
the Select button (55).

HORIZONTAL POSITION knob (49)- Horizontally positions
an expanded waveform and the intensified region along the source
trace. This control is activated only after the Expand A and/or

buttons (56) have been pressed to display the expanded trace.

The Horizontal Position knob allows the user to scroll continu­ously through a displayed waveform.

When the waveform source is a sequence waveform, two addition-

al options appear in the root menu. They can be used to change
between segments of a sequence acquisition while keeping a con­stant expansion factor and position. If the buttons are pressed

continuously, the display will rapidly move from one segment to
the next. This capability can also be used with the dual-zoom

feature.

TimeIDivision controls ((37). (38), (39), and (44),

B

(56), Memory C, D (57), and Function E, F (58).

.

Ver-

B

VERTICAL POSITION knob (50)- Vertically repositions the
selected trace.

3 3

Hain

Dwl

h

zoom

off

Mi-1.WV

n

DUAL ZOOM EXPANSION

Figure

9

#:

CHI

c14

T/div

.2

V

.6V!

1

pe

Manual Operation

Select button (55) and press Redefine (5 1). A full-page setup
menu for the function appears on the screen. To return to the
waveform display, press either the Return button (10) or the Re­define (5 1) button.

The currently selected processing function and its parameters may
be modified with the soft keys (2) to (5). First select the field to be

modified. The rectangular frame around parameter values indi­cates the currently selected field. Pressing the Previous Field
button (2) will cause the frame to move towards the top of the list,
whereas pressing the Next Field button (3) will cause the frame to
move downwards. The Reference knob (48) can also be used to
move the frame from one field to another. Note that the options
available in each field are listed in the frame in the lower right
corner of the screen.

Following field selection, the current value of the field may be
modified by pressing either the Previous Value or Next value

(5)

button (4) or
identity of the lower fields may depend on the function chosen,
the parameters should be modified from top to bottom.

The following standard waveform processing functions are avail­able:

-

Average: summed

-

Arithmetic: Identity, Negation, Addition, and Subtraction

or turning the Difference knob (46). Since the

Available Functions Summed Average: Summed averaging consists of the repeated

addition, with equal weight, of recurrences of the source wave­form. Whenever the maximum number of sweeps is reached, the
averaging process stops. The averaging process may be interrupted
by switching the trigger mode from Norm to Single (31) or by
turning the function trace OFF (button (58)). Averaging will con­tinue when these actions are reversed.

The currently accumulated average may be reset by changing an
acquisition parameter, such as input gain, offset or coupling, trig­ger condition or time base. The number of accumulated sweeps is
displayed in the Displayed Trace field
function or of its expansion.

After the maximum number of sweeps is reached, a larger number
of sweeps may be accumulated by increasing the maximum num-

ber of sweeps in the setup menu. In this case, care must be taken
to leave the other parameters unchanged, otherwise the accumula­tion will be restarted.

Summed averaging may be performed over Channel

(VIII) of the corresponding

1

or 2.

5

Manual Operation

CH2

n

-6.6mV

DC

CHI 10

ai2

20

T/div

10

nV

mV

tm

=

-

DISPLAYED TRACE SHOWING REFERENCE and DIFFERENCE, VOLTAGE CUR­SORS, and ALPHANUMERIC READOUT of TRACE AMPLITUDE. The VERTICAL
BAR on the LEFT EDGE of the GRID INDICATES that TRACKING Is being used.

Figure

Note: Measurement resolution wlth the Voltage cursors is

0.2%

10

of lull scale

(8

divisions).

At

-26.0m

Uk38H-i~

n

T/div

.I

me

DISPLAYED TRACE SHOWING TIME CURSORS, thelr VOLTAGE DIFFERENCES

their TIME DIFFERENCES

Note: Measurement resolution with Time cursors Is

0.0002%

to

tor expanded waveforms.

and

the CORRESPONDING FREQUENCY.

Figure

0.5%

11

of full scale (10 divisions) tor unexpanded waveforms and up

-

Time 19.6733

DISPLAYED TRACES SHOWING MARKER CURSOR, INTERVAL BETWEEN TRIG-

GER POINT

and

CURSOR,

pe

and

ALPHANUMERIC READOUT

CH1-0.06V

n

Figure

12

DC

Mi

.6

V

T/div

of

TRACE AMPLITUDE

6

pa

padm

Source

aharrrli

maxinun 1.70V
mininun -1.68V

l~~n

edov

me

CHI

0.71V

t

42.5m. 4.2175pel 1708pte

*
*

81mV rise

1.1WV

1.112V

#:

PULSE PARAMETERS DISPLAY

periodu
width

Pall

delcry

n

Figure

13

u

u

u

Zs

710.8m

88.0m

223.4-

228.2-

306.1-

-1

.Spe .SV

.6V

M2

1OmV

T/div .6

=

pe

Case

1

base base

90%-

Case

2

--

)

r.ise

tlme4

top

)

fall

*

time

-

base base

Pulse Parameters

PULSE

Once the Parameters button is pressed, a pair of cross-hair cur­sors appear on the currently selected waveform. Measurements
may be performed on any region of interest by simply positioning
the cursors, using the Reference and Difference controls (48)

(46).

and
of the area on which measurements will be made.

Pressing the Tracking button (47) causes the Difference cursor to

track the Reference cursor at a fixed interval as determined by the

Difference control.
indicates that tracking is on. Its length shows the tracking interval.

Precise information relating to the cursor positions (in time), and
the number of data points within the region of interest, is provided

The cursors define the left- and right- hand boundaries

TERMS

A

horizontal bar on the top line of the grid

AND DEFINITION

Figure 14

Manual Operation

Mean determines the average value of all the data points
selected as described above.

r=

1

Standard Deviation (Sdev) is the standard deviation of the
measured points from the mean. It is calculated from the
following formula:

Time

Measurements

-

RMS is derived from the square root of the average of the
squares of the magnitudes, for all the data as described
above.

Note: For the time measurements it is necessary to distinguish
between magnitude crossings occurring on leading edges and those
occurring on trailing edges. In the equations below the following
notation has been used:

MI = number of leading edges found
MJ = number of trailing edges found

tt:

=

time when leading edge i crosses the

tl: = time when trailing edge i crosses the

All times are linearly interpolated between two measured points.

Period is calculated from the average length of the full peri­ods of the waveform within the selected interval. A full

period is the time measured between the first and third

crossing points, the third and fifth, the fifth and seventh,

etc.

1

Mt-1

1

Mt - 1

1

i=l

(

(

v,

ttz

-

-

mean

do

)

)'

x%

x%

level
level

50%

Parameter has been determlned for several

Jl

(L

- - -

<

periods (up to
values has been taken.

Parameter has been determlned over an

integral number of periods.
Insufficient data to determlne a parameter.

1.0. . amplitude hlstogram Is flat withln statlstlcal
fluctuations. Minimum and maximum are used to
assign base and top.

Only an upper llmlt could be estlmated (actual
value of parameter may be smaller than displayed
value).

INFORMATION

100)

and the average of those

WARNINGS

f

8

$

Signal Is partlally In overflow.

Signal Is partlally In underflow.

Signal Is partially in overflow and partially
In underflow.

PULSE PARAMETER WARNINGS

Figure

15

MENU FIELD (11)
CONTROLS

0
0

Pml

STATUS

-

0
0

0­0

0
0

-

Roar11

Ato<iliary

x-Ynodo

Porsi~

node

MAIN MENU

PAPa

and

RELATED MENU KEYS

Figure

16

U#UISITI[3N

-1

CN,

Fid

V/div

Total V/div

IFF&

2di2'

TIE

BhSE

Tinddiv

RI5

m,

Fa

SEONn

Ebpmtm

PAMETEm

am

W

no

oVpimllv

nods:

6

-11

60

mV

W

.O

nV

0

nV

hc11W

~LoobiM

Tindpk

10

Chamhl2

10

nV

10.0

nV

0.0

nV

ACIW

Wdiv

Weeg

MX)

60

TRIeeER

Pm-tPiggsr

Trippar

Tb

arrartly

Clow

an

fm

PANEL

Standard

Dslay

+

edoo

of

prwelsctsd

'Pottern'

STATUS

Figure

CY-wI

MENU

17

10.0

Sncrt

x

Trim

N~o

SI

FX3LE

Lave1 22

Couplins

nV

r€rlmY

STATUS

fa

Reviwo

-

Npxt

m

@

Triw

~ertsopl./div
CoUplirQ
HorSoal./div

HorSoal./pnt

Trig

ReoadType

Tine

Delay

CHAN

11-Sep-1-

1:

MEMORY STATUS MENU

6.00nv

DCWQ

lop

2.5-

0.2

X

Rs

SIHjLE

Figure

13:4Z:40.2

Offeet

BU-Linit

Wdiv

18

-7.6

CFF

4MX)

mV

Manual

Operation

5

-

Rwiw

-

rbnt

Faokrrn

Trlgosr Tirns
vmtsoawdiv 2.1omv

@

Carplino

Hawmldiv

HaS~talmlplt

Trio

Dolay

RaOordTypm

EXPAND

Q-3Pp-isBB

OCWQ

0.10~

2.5

nm

1B.BBO

p

SImE

A:

MEMORY

Figure

16:69:42.7

WPrt

mumt

Mdiv

STATUS

19

0.OO.v

QF

40

MENU

5

Manual Operation

-

Mi-

TRAQ

N.xt

R#un

Tri~pr Tirs 11-1sBB iB:66:18.Q
VrtS~dddiv 1.OOV

@

-?ling

HaSoale/div
HaSoale/e

Tri~

blc~

MTyp

MEMORY

DCWO

2.0~~8

2.6m

6.2

1

SINQE

C:

MEMORY STATUS MENU

Figure

PPO

Wfwt

BW-Lmt

Wdiv

20

-0.78
ON

800

V

-

Rwiam

bxt

Trigow Time 11-Slp-lsBB 17:OO:W.O

Vmrt

@

SwWdiv 7.68

WlirP DClW
HorSoale/div 2.0~
HorSoale/pnt 0.10Jm wdlv

Trig Delay 6.2

X

mV

PPO

Wfd

BWUt

11

(H

a0

.O

mv

Return

rasoordTypm

FUNCTION E: MEMORY STATUS MENU

SINOLE

Figure

21

5

Manual Operation

K~RY

Rwiow

Nmxt

S=vn-

Tim

R.tun

@

MEMORY STATUS MENU after an ACQUISITION in SEQUENCE MODE

STATUS

Tri-

Vert

-4Jling

Ha

HaWdplt

Trig
ReoadType

Pror

Swlddiv 1WmV

Soalddiv 0.

0.1~

for

~~ul-iggo

DCWO

Wp

10

ne

28.OdR-a

SINGLE

Figure

18:92:28.8

WW~

BWlilit

Pntddiv

YSweepo

22

for

29.883

-12

mV

OFF

w

10

e

Revlow

-@

Next

hlute/

Relative

Return

suxmccETIFEsof of10

Fimt

L&

Trig

Th:

Tri~ Tim: 4-0ot-is90 14:W:26.0

1 I 4-t-1- 14:66:63.6

2

I

4-t-is90 14:67:W.8
3 I 4-t-1990 14:W: 10.3
4 I 4&t-1990 14:57:11.0

6

I

4-t-is90 14:67:16.7

8

I

4-t-1990 14:67:20.8

7

1

4-t-1990 14:57:20.7

8

I

4-t-1990 14:67:20.8

Q

I

4-t-1990 14:67:24

10

I

4-t-1990 14:67:2B.O

TRIGGER TIMING

Figure

4-0ot-1890 14:88:63.5

.%

23

segmta

Saw

Panel

-*1

-*l2

-*l9

-*l4

-*l6

-*l8

-*l7

I

SAVE

SAE

SAE

SAVE

T

Eluui

SAVE FRONT-PANEL SETUP MENU

Figure

24

fEcALL

PAM,

Panel 1

RECALL

Po7el2

Pone1

RECALL

Panel

Panel

RECALL

Panel

Panel

RECALL

Default

RETUW

h.aa

h.aa

3

4

6

8

7

hun
hun
frwn

h.aa

Prors

4-t-1990 16:W:W

440t-1990 16:

4-t-1990 16:Og: 18

at-1990 16:W:B

26-Sep-IS90

26-Sop-1890 16:

26-5ep-19SI 16:28:68

A

predefined

RECALL FRONT-PANEL

rqmxbiblo

09:

16:

46:

66:

Figure

00

69

16

etato

SETUP

25

UC(UISITIP(

VERTICN

Fixed V/&v

Total

OWd

TIE

V/&v

BAS€

Tiwdiv

RIS

(IFF

Fa

SEONn

+sqmnh

PARAPETERS

m

w

no

Tins/Pt

nods:

6

TWpk

Chanall

50

nV

53

.O

0

nV

AClM

Chams1

W

nV W.OnV

10

no

10-

nV

0

nV

KIM0

wdiv

wwg

2

6

W

TRIBBER

-1-

Tripper

Thu

cursntly

Cla

im

I

FRONT-PANEL SETUP MENU

an

+

'Singla

Delay

edpo

preeelsctsd

of

Sovrao'

Figure

10.0

CHFSrH

Snart

of

the

26

riocb

x

Level
Carplins

Trim

DEFAULT SETUP

l'lXWAL

0

nV

INSTRUENT

IDENTIFICATION

Hordcop~

RS292

Time

Return

Serial

SoPt

Soft

Hard

GPIB

[3SD

RS232 cutput

Numbr:

Version:
Options:

Options:

8

RS232

ranote

9450A

WW2Q6

LECROY

94MM

Standard

Standard

COPFIGURATION

oartrol

only

AUXILIARY

Figure

SETUPS

27

04.3

GPIB

MENU

ak

addrew

4

HARD

COPY

Previous

FIELD

Next

Prwioue

VALE

Next

Canoe1

Return

@

@

Device type:

Hardoopy

Plotter

port:

speed:

W

74MA

RS232

Normal
Wer of installed
Pcrge fwd:

PLOT

>

Pcper format:
Size

of

Position

Plot

area

OFF

SIZE

Non

stcndard

the

grid

square

of

lower left corner:

625

x

448

The

HARDCOPY

Figure

plotter or compatible

(wet uee 8 bite with printerel

pens:

d

28

4

Iml

MENU

:

xtmnl +10
ytml +10

VALUES

99

-9

Manual Operation

5

Use the Reference knob

(48)

or buttons

(2)

and

(3)

to scroll
through the parameters. Note that the options available for each
parameter are indicated on the lower right-hand edge
screen. Use the Difference knob

(46)

or buttons

(4)

and

choose the required option.
Hardcopy parameters can be selected by the user as shown in the

following table:

PLOTTERS PRINTERS

Devlce Type: HP 7550A (or compatlble) EPSON FX80 (or cornpatlble)

Hardcopy Port: RS-232-C RS-232-C

Graphlcs Density:

Plotter Speed: Normal

Number of
Installed Pens:

7470A (or compatible)

HP
Graphtec FP 5301 HP
Phllips PM8151 HP LaserJet

GPIB (IEEE-488) GPlB

---------

Low speed

1

to 8

QuietJet (or compatible)

HP

ThinkJet

Two to one
Single
Double
Hi-speed double
Quadruple
CRT screen
One to one
HI-res CRT

---------

---------

of

(5)

the

to

Page Feed: Off Off

Plot Size:

Non- Non-standard:
standard:

On On

IS0 AS-US 8.5"~ 5.5" Plot Area: 157x112 mrr? Prlnt Size:
IS0 A4-US 8.5"~ 5.5"
IS0 AS-US 17"x 11
Non-standard

Slze of the grid square: 1 to 99.9 mm In 0.1 rnm steps
Lower left corner posltlon

x [mm]

y

:

-999 to 999 rnm In 1 mm steps

[mm]: -999 to 999 mrn In 1 mm steps

"

235x168 rnd
313x224 mmz

Table

3

ISO AS-US 8.5"~ 5.5"

Size of rld square [mrn
1 to 99.8 mm in steps o 0.1 mm

I

:

RS-232-C

Setup

RS232

-

Ranots

Control

Port

mias

FIaD

Nact

mias

VKLE

Next

Caroel

Retun

Bardmt0:paiJ

fg

Charootere

Parity

@

Hrnberoe8tcpbite:

:

naris

length

(bite)

RS-232-C SETUP MENU

1

Figure

:

8

29

800

16200

Previous

FIELD

Next

Reviare

VALE

Next

LOAD

TIE

Return

@

Q

TIE

-

Dato:

SENP

8

Nov

1890

Bl2:w

TIME SETUP MENU

Figure

30

Poral

STATUS

~PY

Savo

PAr€L

Reoall
Auxiliary

stupe

X-Y

off

Return

Time

3.0818~~

XY

MODE

Figure

n

DISPLAY

31

CH2

1OnV

T/dLv

4

6me

Cursors

Manual

Operation

The definition of

AX

and

AY

is dependent on the type of cursors
used. The following table shows how
each type of measurement.

Where
VAbs
VRel

TAbs

=

Absolute Voltage cursors

=

Relative Voltage Cursors

=

Absolute Time cursors

TR~~ = Relative Time cursors

=

Org
VxRef

VyRef
Vx~if
Vy~~f

Origin

=

Voltage of the reference cursor on the X trace

=

Voltage of the reference cursor on the Y trace

=

Voltage of the difference cursor on the X trace

=

Voltage of the difference cursor on the Y trace

AX

and

AY

are defined for

Selecting the In order to make the polar readout of the absolute time cursor
Reference Point

more useful, there is the possibility of choosing between two refer­ence points. The reference is either located at point

X

=

0

Volt and

Menu button

Y

=

0

Volt, or at the center of the square grid.

(9),

active only in absolute time cursor mode, toggles

(0. 0).

i.e. at

the position of the reference origin between the center of the grid
and

(0,O).

The values of the origin are displayed on the left-hand side of the
square grid. By changing the offsets of the source traces the user
can center a figure on the screen and then measure angles and
distances with respect to the center of the figure.

5

Manual Operation

PERSISTENCE DISPLAY

kin

Pku

Clear

display

t

i

sweep

100

1.42728

Psrei-

off

The Persistence Display mode (Figure

(9)

button
button
main menu.

ms

100

Sweepe

in the main menu, and is turned off by either pressing

(9)

again or by switching to the

~attem~~xentered

J-u-ul

No

Wait

32)

is turned on by pressing

XY

display mode in the

man1

1

ps

20

mV

CHI

20mV

CH2

20mV

T/div

1

pe

=
=

PERSISTENCE DISPLAY MODE

Figure

The Persistence Display mode allows the user to examine the evo­lution of a signal in time.
sweeps are overlaid on the screen and the resultant display shows
the variation in the signal during the sweeps. The display is up­dated continuously, with data older than the chosen number of
sweeps being eliminated from the display. When persistence is set
to INFINITE, all data is retained on the display until it is cleared
by the user.

32

A

user-selectable number of successive

Manual Operation

Selecting Traces

Traces are selected using the

The display can be cleared at any time by pressing Clear Display

(button

a displayed trace is turned off, subsequent sweeps cease to contrib-

ute and the display will gradually disappear.
The desired number of sweeps is selected by pressing Sweeps but-

ton

If the persistence display is turned off and on again, the original
trace will be retained, provided that no further triggers are re­ceived

Any changes made to the acquisition conditions will cause the per­sistence display to be cleared and a new display will be built up.

On slow timebases (Roll Mode) there is no display update until the
acquisition is complete. In some cases this can take a considerable

time and it may appear as if nothing is happening.

Persistence display cannot be used in Auto Roll mode. Since there

is never a completed acquisition, a display update is impossible.

In sequence mode, each segment is overlaid and the entire seg-

mented waveform contributes as a single sweep.

When Summed Averaging, FFT Power Average, or Extrema are

performed, the intermediate accumulated sweeps which are dis­played at regular intervals in normal display mode, each contribute

as single sweeps in persistence mode.

(3)),

allowing a new persistence display to build up. When

(8).

The options are

(e.g. if the oscilloscope is triggered in Single trigger mode).

TraceOnIOff buttons

1,

2,

5,

10, 20, 50, 100, 200,

(56)

through

INFINITE.

Cursor Measurements Full cursor facilities are available in persistence display mode with

both absolute and relative measurements supported. The time and
voltage cursors are completely independent of the normal display
cursors. The measurement readings appear in the Displayed Trace
Field (VIII) on the right hand side of the screen.

Voltage cursors are similar to those in normal display mode. Time
cursors consist of vertical bars which are placed on the desired part
of the displayed waveform.

Waveform parameter measurements are not available in persist­ence display mode.

5

Manual Operation

STORE MENU

TO

kc

kD

co

>

Cawel

12

(1)

The Store button
acquisition memories into reference Memories

enables the user to store any trace in the

FRarl

WA

WB

Plemc

bD

Fm

Fm

mi

b2

Mi

0.30

V

DC

Mi

n

T/di

STORE TRACE MENUS

Figure

33

v

E

F

.6

C

.5

pa

and/or

V

D.

Note: Users should be aware that Memories C and D are volatile
and will be erased when the oscilloscope is switched off. For non-

volatile storage, use the CD
the oscilloscope.

>

12

button

(8)

before switching off

Prwiam

FIM

Next

mia#

VALUE

Next

Externrrl

@

#

Nota:

@

CONTINUOUS

TIE

BASE

CONTROL

Tim

Bow:

iGEXq

d

p0i~~:

Unmgirg

metame

SE(MNCE

WK

the

tiddivisiari

normal

MOE

time

b088

kncb

behovior.

Mify

#

sesmente

START

cant

iruouc~

Mi

Wf2md.

Return

#SeQnents

4

Tine/@

2.6m

Note:~krttontothelefttostort.

Pudl

VERTICAL

hgaYl%

SWNCE

OFF¶

HIE

nmE

OfFWt

t

in

6

etuye

volk

button

Cdivieionsl

toholt.

.

w=%l

2mo

inaotive

SPECIAL MODES MENU

Figure

34

involve the use of verv hieh-urecision clocks or clocks that urovide

Continuous Seauence This is a s~ecial form of seauence acauisition. It continuouslv

waverorms (wnere

I

Vertical Offset Mode

SMART Trlgger

THE

b

#

-

SlMART

Push Button

TRIGGER

6->

Standard Trigger

I

Slngle-source State Quallfled TV Mode

Pattern

THE

SMART TRIGGER

Figure

TimelEvent Qualified

35

Width-based Trigger

--

The SMART Trigger

FASTGLITCH trigger mode, like the other modes, can be se-

lected at any time-base setting. The user can define widths with

2.5 nsec resolution starting at a minimum value of 2.5 nsec. For

recurrent glitches, the oscilloscope's random interleaved sampling

mode allows glitch visualization with an equivalent sampling rate of
up to 10

Missing bits in long data streams are easily triggered on using the
interval width triggering facility. For ranging applications, interval
trigger may be used to ignore unwanted signal reflections.

Multi-source Triggers There are four types of multi-source triggers in the 9450A. These

are the Pattern, State Qualified, TimeIEvent Qualified, and
triggers. Details of how to set up these triggers are given later in this
section.

Pattern Trigger

A pattern trigger is defined as a logical AND combination of the
states of Channel 1, Channel 2 and External. The states are de­fined as being either low (L) or high

respect to the individually defined trigger thresholds. Further-

more, the user decides whether the oscilloscope should trigger at

the beginning of the defined pattern or at the end,
pattern is "entered" or "exited".

The FASTGLITCH and time-separation trigger capabilities de-

scribed above can be combined with pattern trigger, enabling the

user to compare the "duration" of the
tween patterns, with a reference time. This also applies to the
hold-off by time or number of events.

The pattern trigger will be appreciated every time complex logic
has to be tested. Examples are: computer or microprocessor de­bugging; High Energy Physics where a physical event is identified
by several events occurring simultaneously; and debugging of data
transmission busses in telecommunications.

When set to pattern trigger, the oscilloscope always checks the
logic AND of the defined input logic states. However, with the help
of de Morgan's laws, the pattern becomes much more general. To
demonstrate this, consider an example which is of particular im­portance, that is a bi-level or window trigger.

Bi-level trigger means that the user is expecting a single-shot
nal where the amplitude will go outside a known range in either
direction.

gigasampleslsec, that is one sample point every 100 psec.

(H)

or don't care

i.e. when the

pattern, or the interval be-

(X)

6

TV

with

sig-

79

IL

IL

Trigger

Trigger

LHX

entering width

LHX

exiting

f

PATTERN TRIGGER TIMING DIAGRAM

Figure

checked

36

*t

width

checked

T

CH2

EXT

Pattern XLL

CHI

(Source)

J

1

Present presl Abs

I

I

Absent

Triggers

(Pattern present)

Triggers

(Pattern absent)

-

20

nsec (3 ev)

<

Wait

-

<

20

sec

-

STATE-QUALIFIED TRIGGER TIMING DIAGRAM

(lo9

T

ev)

Figure

-

20

nsec (3 ev)

<

Wait

3

20

sec

37

(lo9

f

ev)

CH2

EXT

Pattern

CHI

(Source)

XLL

1

I

I

Triggers

(Entering Pattern)

Triggers

(Exiting Pattern)

TIMEIEVENT QUALIFIED TRIGGER TIMING DIAGRAM

-

10

nsec

(0

5

Wait

5:

20

sec

ev)

(1

OQ

ev)

-

Figure

10

I

nsec

Wait

20

38

sec

(0

t

ev)

(1

O9

t

ev)

TV Signal

Field

transltlon

Line
synchronlzlng

pulses

Trlgger

--

IIL

-.

-

-

1

~IIYYmTYIII~

t

TV

TRIGGER TIMING DIAGRAM

Figure

39

ADJUST SMART TRIGGER

-

v;

ON

0-

ZERO

THE SMART TRIGGER CONTROLS

EVENTS
WIDTH
WIDTH

Figure

'

<

>

4

P

\

40

36

35

33
3

2

M

TRf860R

Rrviour

FIELD

kxt

Revioue

VKUE

-

Canosl

Retvn

@J

@

TrigOk Type

Triggr

Chamall

-2

mtunal

Pattamstate;

Sunary

While

Uaib

LwPl

Corrpliw

~i~(3rloy

Sovmr:

CHAN1

44l.OnomdTr~an+~&

THE SMART TRIGGER MENU

:

:

:

:

e

.

CHAW

CHAN1

22mV

M:

Figure

Fitate

DCC

L

H

-

jiizq

.

EXT

CHWz

OnV

Ac Ac

a0.ooOp

41

OJaliPied

=

L

H

DCT

0.WV

X

absent

MT

Pattern

LHX

-

H'off 100.0ns

Pattern Trigger

Trigger on Chanl

followed by a hold-off by 100 nsec

.

Chan 2 . Ext

exited

= L H X exited

CHI 84

J

-ur

Ul-.

Wait

State Qualified Trigger

While the states Chanl

wait for 60,010,860 events and trigger on a

CH2 0

a.

-ur

-L.JLr-

-

Wait

TimeIEvents Qualified Trigger

After Chanl
Wait for 25 events and trigger on a

.

Chan2 . Ext = H H X exited

N

mV

DC

-ur

XHX

60010860

.

Chan 2 . Ext = X H X

.OO V AC

HHX

25

evts

+

edge of Chan2

EXT

J-

Line

8

Trigger on EXT TV signal, line 8, any field

SMART TRIGGER GRAPHICS

Figure

42

evts

are absent

+

edge of Chanl

Front Panel

i

Menu

Front Panel

-

Single-source Trigger

Source, Coupling,
Slope, Level, Mode

Hroff

by

Tlrne

25nsec­20sec 0-10

M'ofi

by

#

Events

@

SINGLE-SOURCE TRIGGER

Figure

I

I

Pulse Interval

I

I

Width< W~dth> Widtk Width>

2. 5nsec

-

2Osec

*

Fastglitch

43

2.5nsec

-

20sec

1

Onsec 25nsec

-

20sec

I

-

20sec

Hold-off

By

Time

SMART

1

Triggw Type

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TRIBBR

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by

22

mV

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:

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-

edge

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Figure

20.0

BY TIME

44

Z

Tine/Evmta

SMART

TRIGQR

Previous

FIELD

Next

Previam

VALE

Next

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Return

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Trigger

WidthType

Type

:

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on

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by

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Figure

45

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10.0

OF

EVENTS

X

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4-

Threshold

Trigger position:

Pulse width < T

T

lTru--L

Trigger position:

(FASTGLITCH trigger)

f

f

>

Pulse width

T

PULSE WIDTH TRIGGERS

Figure

46

SMART

TRI-

Previous

FIELD

Next

Reviare

VALE

Next

Canoe1

Return

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@

Trigger Type
WidVlTyp

:

Single

:

pziamq

Sovroo

-

Sunnary

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Coupling

Pre-trigger Delay

PULSE WIDTH < A SPECIFIED VALUE

1

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mV

Figure

47

16

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X

Pulse Width

T

-

-

Trigger position:

Interval width < T

t

Interval Width

a Specified Value

<

4

T

*

Trigger position:

INTERVAL WIDTH TRIGGERS

Interval width > T

*

Figure

48

t