MODEL 9210 300 MHz PROGRAMMABLE PULSE GENERATOR
Note : This manual covers LeCroy Pulse Generator models 9210, 9211, 9212, 9213, and 9214. Model 9210 is used in text throughout the document.
JULY 1991
LeCroy
| Innovators in Instrumenta | Innova | tors in | n Inst | trumen | tation |
|---|
Corporate Headquarters
700 Chestnut Ridge Road Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977-6499 Tel: (914) 425-2000, Fax: (914) 425-8967
European Headquarters 2, chemin-Pre-de-la Fontaine 1217 Meyrin 1 Geneva, Switzerland
Tel.: (022) 719 21 11
Copyright© April 1991, LeCroy. All rights reserved. Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions. Specifications subject to change without notice.
919067 RevA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| 1 |
9210 QUICK START
Purpose Quick Start Instructions |
.1
1 1 |
|---|---|---|
| 2 |
GETTING AROUND THE FRONT PANEL
Accessing the Control Displays Selection of Parameters Adjusting Parameters With the Numeric Keypad. Adjusting Parameters With the Rotary Knob. Non-Numeric Entries. Storing & Recalling Setups. Executing Action Commands |
.5.6.7 |
|
Manually Triggering the Generator
Alternate Parameter Formats Restoring Local Control Module Controls Enabling or Inverting the Pulse Output Power |
10
10 11 11 12 |
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| 3 |
CHANNEL A & B CONTROLS.
General Information. Controlling Vertical Characteristics. Width Controlling Horizontal Position Controlling Transition Rates. Dynamic Range and Transition Rates. Double Pulse Operation. Controlling Repetition Rate. Parameter Conflicts. Load Compensation. Logic Family Presets. Limiting the Output Levels. Module Considerations. |
13
1315 1517 189 2122 225 225 225 |
i
| General Information 27 The Trigger Output 27 The Trigger Input 27 Frequency Counter 28 Trigger Modes 29 Single Mode 29 Gate Mode 30 Burst Mode 31 External Width Mode 33 Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Sternal Width Mode 34 Sternal Width Mode 34 Stingle Mode 34 Stingle Mode 34 Sternal Width Mode 34 Sting the Ode 34 String the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 Setting the Trigger Input 37 Stition Results 40 | 4 | TRIGGER CONTROLS | 27 |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Trigger Output. 27 The Trigger Input. 27 Frequency Counter. 28 Trigger Modes 29 Single Mode 29 Gate Mode 30 Burst Mode 31 External Width Mode 33 Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Sutting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Setting the Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 Selecting the Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 Invoking Self Calibration | • | General Information | 27 |
| The Trigger Input 27 Frequency Counter. 28 Trigger Modes 29 Single Mode 29 Gate Mode 29 Gate Mode 30 Burst Mode 31 External Width Mode 33 Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Surgle Mode 34 Sting the Mode 34 Surgle Mode 34 Surgle Mode 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Setting the Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Selftest 40 Calibra | The Trigger Output | 27 | |
| Frequency Counter. 28 Trigger Modes 29 Single Mode 29 Gate Mode 30 Burst Mode 31 External Width Mode 33 Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Superstring Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 String the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 Invoking Self Calibration | The Trigger Dout | 27 | |
| Trigger Modes 28 Normal Mode 29 Single Mode 29 Gate Mode 30 Burst Mode 31 External Width Mode 33 Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Sting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES 39 Invoking Selftest | Frequency Counter | 28 | |
| Normal Mode 29 Single Mode 29 Gate Mode 30 Burst Mode 31 External Width Mode 33 Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Stingle Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Trigger Rate 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 40 Calibration Results | Trigger Modes | 28 | |
| Single Mode 29 Gate Mode 30 Burst Mode 31 External Width Mode 33 Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input. 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES. 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking the GPIB Interface 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness 42 | Normal Mode | 29 | |
| Gate Mode. 30 Burst Mode 31 External Width Mode. 33 Double Pulse Interactions. 33 Normal Mode. 34 Single Mode. 34 Single Mode. 34 Gate Mode. 34 Single Mode. 34 Burst Mode. 34 Burst Mode. 34 External Width Mode. 34 Setting the Trigger Level. 34 Setting the Trigger Level. 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering. 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate. 35 Selecting the Trigger Input. 37 Trigger Output Presets. 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES. 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking the GPIB Interface. 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface. 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness. 42 | Single Mode | 29 | |
| Burst Mode 31 External Width Mode 33 Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input. 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES. 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface 41 The Screen Saver 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness 42 | Gate Mode | 30 | |
| External Width Mode 33 Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 40 Calibration Results 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface 41 The Screen Saver 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness 42 | Burst Mode | 31 | |
| Double Pulse Interactions 33 Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Selftest 40 Calibration Results 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface 41 The Screen Saver 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness 42 | External Width Mode | 33 | |
| Normal Mode 34 Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 40 Calibration Results 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface 41 The Screen Saver 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness 42 | Double Pulse Interactions | 33 | |
| Single Mode 34 Gate Mode 34 Burst Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Self Calibration 40 Calibration Results 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness 42 | Normal Mode | 34 | |
| Gate Mode | Single Mode | 34 | |
| Burst Mode 34 External Width Mode 34 Setting the Trigger Level 34 Setting the Trigger Level 35 Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input. 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES. 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Selftest. 40 Calibration Results 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface 41 The Screen Saver 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness. 42 | Gate Mode | 34 | |
| External Width Mode | Burst Mode | 34 | |
| Setting the Trigger Level | External Width Mode | 34 | |
| Setting the Trigger Level | Setting the Trigger Level | 34 | |
| Parameter Limits and Triggering 35 Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input. 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES. 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Selftest. 40 Calibration Results 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface. 41 The Screen Saver 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness. 42 | Setting the Trigger Level | 35 | |
| Setting the Internal Trigger Rate 35 Selecting the Trigger Input. 37 Trigger Output Presets 37 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES. 39 Invoking Self Calibration 39 Invoking Selftest. 40 Calibration Results 41 Monitoring the GPIB Interface. 41 The Screen Saver 41 Disabling the Touch Screen 41 Display Brightness. 42 | Parameter Limits and Triggering | 35 | |
| Selecting the Trigger Input | Setting the Internal Trigger Rate | 35 | |
| 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES | Selecting the Triager Input | 37 | |
| 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES | Trigger Output Presets | 37 | |
| 5 THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES | |||
| Invoking Self Calibration39Invoking Selftest40Calibration Results41Monitoring the GPIB Interface41The Screen Saver41Disabling the Touch Screen41Display Brightness42 | 5 | THE "MORE" MENU - UTILITIES AND FEATURES | 3 9 |
| Invoking Selftest | Invoking Self Calibration | 39 | |
| Calibration Results | Invoking Selftest | 40 | |
| Monitoring the GPIB Interface | Calibration Results | 41 | |
| The Screen Saver | Monitoring the GPIB Interface | 41 | |
| Disabling the Touch Screen | The Screen Saver | 41 | |
| Display Brightness | Disabling the Touch Screen | 41 | |
| Display Brightness | 42 | ||
| Testing the User Interface | Testing the User Interface | 42 | |
| Temperature Compensation43 | Temperature Compensation | 43 |
| 6 | REMOTE OPERATIONS | |
|---|---|---|
| General Information | 45 | |
| Terminology | 45 | |
| Numeric Representation | 45 | |
| Header Compounding | ||
| Coupled Commands | ||
| Responses | 46 | |
| Status Reporting | 47 | |
| Common Commands | 47 | |
| 7 | GPIB COMMANDS | |
| General Information | 49 | |
| Commands Which Correspond To Local Controls | 50 | |
| Commands Which Have No Corresponding Local Controls | 70 | |
| 7.0 | ||
| APPE | ENDIX A | |
| 9 E | ||
| AFF | ||
| APPE | ENDIX C | |
| APPE | ENDIX D | 89 |
| 400 | 105 | |
| APPE | ENDIX E | 105 |
| APPE | ENDIX F | |
| INDE | X | 133 |
| Purpose |
The intent of this chapter is to familiarize the first-time user
of the LeCroy 9210 Pulse Generator with the instrument's uniquely user-friendly control scheme. The information presented herein is intended to "get you up to speed" in as short a time as possible. Detailed answers to specific questions that may arise will be found in other chapters. |
|---|---|
|
Quick Start
Instructions |
|
| 448 Hz. The 9210 will automatically adjust to the local line voltage. | |
|
- 4. Push the front panel [POWER] key. The 9210 will perform power-up calibration for approximately 30 seconds, then display the Channel A control menu screen.
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5. Most of the pulse parameters and their controls are accessed by touching the CRTkeys on the TouchCRT. Throughout this manual, the following symbols will be used to distinguish soft CRTkeys from actual front panel pushbuttons:
- {Width} CRTkey
- [Invert] Front Panel Key
- 6. Touch {Period} . The key should highlight.
- 7. Release the CRTkey and turn the Outer Ring Knob (range). The Period changes in a 1-2-5 sequence.
- 8. Turn the Center Knob (vernier). The Period will change smoothly.
- 9. Try varying the sensitivity of the vernier Knob using the [←Digit] and [Digit⇒] keys.
- 10. Change the Period to 1.5 microseconds by pressing [1], [.], [5], [u/MHz].
11. Press [Recall Setup], and touch {Standard} and {Execute} to recall the factory default setup. The generator will now be in the NORMAL trigger mode, which is free running.
12. Connect the OUTPUT of the Module to a vertical input of an oscilloscope with a 50 Ω cable, terminated at the scope end.
13. Press [Disable] on the Module to enable the Output. Adjust the scope to see the Pulse stream. Verify that the parameters on the generator's CRT match those of the scope trace.
14. Touch {Vhigh} , and turn the vernier knob to vary the Pulse high level.
3
15. The pulse parameters are defined below. Vary each and observe its effect on the scope trace. Note that the highlighted portion of the pulse icon on the display's upper right indicates graphically what has been selected for adjustment.
| {Vhigh} | High level. This is the active level if |
|---|---|
| Invert is not on. | |
- {Vlow} Low level. This is the quiescent level if Invert is not on.
- {Width} Pulse Width is measured from the start of the leading edge to the start of the trailing edge.
- {Delay} Delay of the module Pulse output from the Trigger output, not including a fixed delay of typically 20 nsec. This also controls the time between the 2 pulses in double pulse mode.
- {Lead} Leading edge transition time, 10% to 90%.
- {Trailing edge transition time, 10% to 90%.
- {2 Pulse} Turns double pulse mode ON or OFF.
- {Period} Defines the time between Output Pulses in NORMAL, GATE and BURST trigger modes.
2 GETTING AROUND THE FRONT PANEL
Accessing the Control Displays
| DISPLAY | ||
|---|---|---|
|
CHANNEL
A |
CHANNEL
B |
TRIGGER |
| MORE | HELP |
Control Menus are brought to the 9210's display by pressing one of the five blue DISPLAY keys on the front panel. Press [TRIGGER] once to bring up the main Trigger control menu display. Press [TRIGGER] again and a second page of less frequently used trigger controls will be displayed. Repeated presses of the key will toggle the display between these two menus. The other four DISPLAY keys operate in a similar manner. See the table below for details.
| Keys | Display |
|---|---|
|
CHANNEL
A B (On module) |
Channel Parameter Menu (2 pages) |
| TRIGGER | Trigger Parameter Menu (2 pages) |
| MORE | Utilities and Features Menu |
| HELP | On-Screen Operating Summary |
Selection of Parameters
| ſ | | | |
|---|---|---|
| ≁ | j |
The selected parameter is the one that is highlighted (backlit). Parameters are selected by touching their corresponding CRTkey , or by pressing the SELECT [f], [J] keys on the front panel until the desired parameter is highlighted. Note that when making selections with the CRTkeys , the selection process is not completed until the key is released.
| Channel A Page 1 |
|---|
| Vhigh ·····5 00 mV |
| Vlow 0 V |
| Width ····· 2.00 ns |
| Delay · · 0 s |
| Lead 5 1.00 ns |
| Trail 1 · 1.00 ns |
| 2 Pulse · OFF |
| Main |
| Period ···· 10.00 ns |
| Normal 50 Ω DIS |
Adjusting Parameters With the Numeric Keypad
A precise value for the selected parameter can be entered by pressing the numbers on the numeric keypad. Each number pressed will be displayed in the information window at the bottom of the CRT. The [Back Space] key is provided for deleting erroneous key presses. The [+/-] key will toggle the sign of the number being entered, and may be pressed at any time before terminating entry. After the sign and numeric portion of the desired value have been punched in, entry with the appropriate multiplier is terminated by pressing one of the four unit/entry keys ( [n/GHz] , [u/MHz] , [m/kHz] , or [Enter/Hz] ) at the right of the keypad.
Continuous adjustment of the selected parameter can be accomplished using the concentric Rotary Knob . The Outer Ring Knob (range select) will set the parameter's value in a 1-2-5 sequence. The Center Knob (vernier) will change the value in a continuous, analog fashion. The sensitivity of the vernier Knob is controlled by using the Digit select keys located below the Knob. The [Digit] key will move the selected digit to the right, for finer adjustment, and the [←Digit] key will move the selected digit left, for more coarse adjustment. Note that the [←Digit] key allows for the changing of adjustment sensitivity beyond the digits currently displayed.
|
Non-Numeric
Entries |
Certain of the 9210's control parameters are non-numeric in
nature. Examples are the Load Compensation feature, which can be turned on or off, and the Trigger Mode , which can assume one of five of states. The state of such parameters can be set by turning the Outer Ring Knob or by pressing either Digit Select Key . |
|---|---|
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Storing &
Recalling Setups |
The 9210 system can store up to 16 setups, including all output pulse and trigger parameters and operating conditions. To store a setup once all settings have been established, press [Store Setup] . The display will change, and a prompt will request a number. Assign a number from 0 to 15 to the setup and enter that number using the Numeric Keypad and [Enter/Hz] . |
|
Store
Setup Recall Setup |
To recall a setup, press
[Recall Setup]
. The display
will change, and a prompt will ask for a setup number. Enter the number of the desired setup using the Numeric Keypad and [Enter/Hz] . The factory default setup can also be recalled from this screen, by touching {Standard} and {Execute} . Additionally, the {Previous} setup (i.e., the state before the last recall) can be recalled from this screen in a similar manner. |
|
Executing
Action Commands |
Some
CRTkeys
invoke actions instead of selecting
parameters, but these actions do not take place immediately upon releasing the key. A confirmation box will appear on the screen, and {Execute} must be touched to continue with the selected action. If the action key was touched in error, {Cancel} can be pressed and the action will not |
occur.
{Cal} , at the top of the More menu page is an example of an action key. The key is used to initiate a self-calibration cycle. When the key is touched, a box appears at the bottom of the display containing two new CRTkeys , {Execute} and {Cancel} (see figure below). If {Execute} is touched, the 9210 will proceed to calibrate itself. If {Cancel} is touched, no action will occur.
If the TouchCRT has been disabled by the user (see section entitled "Disabling the Touch Screen" in Chapter 5), action commands can be executed by using the SELECT [ î ],[ ! ] keys to highlight the appropriate CRTkey , then pressing [Enter/Hz] . This will bring the confirmation box
mentioned above to the screen, with {Execute} highlighted. Press [Enter/Hz] to begin the action, or SELECT [$] to highlight {Cancel}, and [Enter/Hz] to cancel the command request.
Manually Triggering the Generator
In Single, Burst, Gate and External Width Trigger modes, pressing [Manual] will trigger the generator, just as if a triggering signal had been delivered to the adjacent Ext Input connector. In Gate and External Width modes, the output continues for as long as the button is held in. See Chapter 4 (Trigger Controls) for further details.
Alternate Parameter Formats
10
Certain pulse parameters may be controlled in alternate formats. {Period} , for example, displays and controls the time interval between pulses. If you press [CHANGE FORMAT] while {Period} is selected, the display will change to {Freq} . Now, you can control and read back the frequency at which pulses are output. Alternate formats are also available for other parameters, and these are detailed in Chapter 3. The available formats for a given parameter may be cycled through by repeated pressing of the [CHANGE FORMAT] key. If no other formats are available for the selected parameter, a message will appear to tell you so.
Restoring Local Control
Module Controls: Enabling or Inverting the Pulse Output
GPIBrelated details
Front panel control capability can be restored to a 9210 that is operating under GPIB control, if Local Lockout has not
been invoked by the Bus Controller, by pressing [LOCAL]
under the GPIB heading. The Remote LED will be lit while the Generator is under bus control, and will go out when [LOCAL] is pressed. If the Bus Controller has asserted Local Lockout, pressing [LOCAL] will have no effect. See Chapters 6, 7, and Appendices D and E for more
The output amplifiers of all the 9210's Output Modules connect to the outside world via a relay. This allows the module to protect itself from over-voltage conditions at its output by opening the relay (i.e., disabling the output) when such a condition is sensed. The [Disable] key on the module front panel acts as a toggle controlling the state of the output relay.
When the module's Output is disabled (i.e., when the red LED next to the key is lit), the relay is open and no Output pulses can be obtained. Also note that the legend DIS is displayed on the right side of the information window at the bottom of that module's control menu. In this case, pressing [Disable] will turn the LED off, remove the DIS legend from the display, and close the relay, thus enabling the Output.
The Output inversion function is also controlled by a key on the module's front panel. By our definition, when Invert is OFF, the True Output is more positive in the active state than in the quiescent state. Pressing [Invert] in this situation will make the True Output more negative in the active state than in the quiescent state.
Like [Disable] , [Invert] acts as a toggle. Accordingly, pressing [Invert] when Invert is ON will turn it OFF. A yellow LED next to the key will be lit when Invert is ON.
Power: Turning the Generator On & Off
12
The 9210's power supply will automatically adjust to any local power line voltage in the 115-220 VAC ± 20% range, and to line frequencies between 48 Hz and 448 Hz. Just attach the power cord to the rear panel connector and plug it in. The Main Circuit Breaker switch on the rear panel should always be left in the ON position. This is a true circuit breaker, which will trip if the generator draws line current in excess of 5 Amps. The square, white [On/Disable] key, under the POWER heading on the front panel acts as a toggle. Pressing this key will turn the generator on and off.
CHANNEL A & B CONTROLS
|
General
Information |
In most cases
operate identi installed in w 9211, 9212 ar the end of thi |
t, the controls for Channels A and Channel B
ically, regardless of which Output Module is hich slot. Considerations specific to the Model and 9213 Output Modules will be presented at s chapter. |
|---|---|---|
|
The term Puls
signal at the I connector, la Some mod ule OUTPUT . T voltage levels orientation |
se Output, as used in this chapter, refers to the
Module's True Output, which is the upper beled OUTPUT , on the module's front panel. as have a Complementary Output, labeled This output will carry a signal of the same as the True Output, but with opposite signal |
|
|
Controlling
Vertical Characteristics |
The first two lines of the first page of a Channel menu
display control the Output Pulse's vertical (voltage) parameters. The default format (shown below), provides control as follows: |
|
| Vhigh | {Vhigh}: | This is the active level of the Output Pulse if Invert is off, or the quiescent level if Invert is on. |
| Vlow Invert Off | {Vlow}: |
This is the quiescent level of the Output Pulse
if Invert is off, or the active level if Invert is on. |
| View |
The signal levels indicated by the Control M
be delivered into a 50.00 Ω load, or into any to the module output within the compensation load compensation feature is enabled. See the entitled Load Compensation, later in this chat details. |
|
3
Channel A & B Controls
Pressing [CHANGE FORMAT] with either {Base} or {Ampl} selected will change the display for the {Base} parameter to {Median}. In this third vertical format, the controls function like this:
{Ampl}: Pulse Amplitude (see above).
{Median}: This is the midpoint between the quiescent and active levels of the Output Pulse.
In this format, changes in Amplitude will occur symmetrically about the Median.
Note that in all of the vertical formats, any time a negativegoing Output Pulse or a negative Amplitude is requested, Invert will be turned ON .
Width: Controlling Horizontal Duration
The horizontal (time) duration of the Output pulse is controlled by third entry on the first page of the Channel menu display, whose default format is {Width} . This format provides control in the following manner:
{Width}: This parameter directly defines the time interval during which the Output Pulse is in the active state.
NOTE: By the accepted convention among manufacturers of programmable pulse generators, pulse width includes the entire transition time from the quiescent state to the active state, and excludes the entire transition time from active to quiescent. This convention allows pulse duration and edge rates to be independently adjusted, without affecting one
another. However, this definition can differ significantly from the FWHM (Full Width, Half Max) definition, used by digital oscilloscopes for measuring pulse width, if the leading and trailing edge rates are not equal.
Pressing [CHANGE FORMAT] while {Width} is selected changes this parameter's display to {Duty Cy}. This changes the mode of control over the duration of the Output Pulse as follows:
{Duty Cy}: Duty Cycle defines the percentage of the {Period} (see below) over which the Output pulse is in the active state.
In {Duty Cy} mode, the Output Pulse duration varies proportionally with the {Period}, while in {Width} mode the duration is unaffected by { Period }.
Delay: Controlling Control of the Output Pulse's horizontal (time) position is Horizontal Position provided by the fourth line of the first page of the Channel menu display. This control is effected as follows:
{Delay}: This parameter defines the time interval from the Trigger Output to the Output Pulse, excluding a fixed time offset of approximately 20 nsec. See Chapter 4 (Trigger Controls) for more details about the Trigger Output in the various Trigger Modes.
If [CHANGE FORMAT] is pressed while {Delay} is selected, The displayed name for this parameter changes to {Phase} . The mode of pametric control is changed as follows:
{Phase}: Phase mode provides position control in a manner proportional to {Period}, similar to the way Duty Cycle format controls pulse duration. In this operating mode, the pulse's position is expressed as a phase angle, with 0° corresponding to the minimum {Delay} setting (i.e. the offset). This phase angle is maintained as {Period} is varied. When {Phase} has been set, the Pulse {Delay} = {Phase}/360*{Period}.
Resolution in {Phase} format is always 0.1° (i.e. one part in 3600). Depending upon the {Period} setting, this may be more or less resolution than the {Delay} format provides.
17B
|
Controlling
Transition Rates |
The fifth and sixth lines of the first page of a Channel menu
display control the Output Pulse's transition time (edge speed). The default format for these parameters provide control as follows: |
|
|---|---|---|
| {Lead}: | This controls the time required for the leading edge of the Output Pulse to make the transition from 10% to 90% of its total amplitude. | |
| {Trail}: | This controls the time required for the trailing edge of the Output Pulse to make the transition from 90% to 10% of its total amplitude. | |
|
Pressing [CH
{Trail} is sele parameters to CRTkey deno control. The r |
ANGE FORMAT] when either {Lead} or
cted will change the display for both these {Slew}. Note that the icon within each otes which edge's slew rate that key will mode of control changes as follows: |
|
| {Slew}: | Slew Rate defines the slope of the selected edge during its 10% to 90% (or 90% to 10%) transition. | |
|
It follows from
amplitude of t will cause a cl mode, the slop |
the parameter definitions that changing the the Output Pulse in { Lead }/{ Trail } mode thange in the edge slopes, while in { Slew } bes will remain constant. | |
3
Dynamic Range and Transition Rates
In the 9211 and 9213 Output modules, linear edge transitions are created by the charging (or discharging) of capacitors by a programmable current source. The wide range of edge speeds offered by these modules is achievedby switching among a series of capacitors in ranges appropriate to the edge rates requested. This results in each of these modules having several edge speed ranges. Each range covers a span of values of approximately 25:1. Additionally, each range overlaps the next slower range over an area of about 2.5:1, except at the boundary of the two fastest ranges, where the overlap is 2:1.
If an attempt is made to create a pulse with edge speeds sufficiently different from one another as to exceed the boundaries of a given range, priority will be given to the currently selected edge. The range will be switched to accommodate the value requested for the selected edge, the displayed value for the other edge will be updated, and an asterisk (*) will be placed on the display to the left of the other edge's CRTkey, to alert the user that the value has been altered due to the change in ranges. For information about the range boundaries for a given Output Module, see the Module's Technical Data Sheet.
Double Pulse Operation The state of the Double Pulse operating mode is controlled by the {2 Pulse} CRTkey. In Normal and Single Trigger modes, when {2 Pulse} is OFF, one Output Pulse will follow each Trigger Output. Turning {2 Pulse} ON in either of these trigger modes will result in two Output Pulses for each Trigger Output. Be aware that {Delay} must be set to a value greater than {Width} in order to see the second pulse.
Note that the first of the two Output Pulses in this operating mode will occur approximately 2 nsec sooner than a single Output Pulse programmed for zero delay will. In other words, the delay offset for Double Pulse operating mode is about 2 nanoseconds less than in the standard operating mode.
Double Pulse Operation is compatible with all Trigger Modes except External Width. See the section entitled "Double Pulse Interactions in Chapter 4 (Trigger Controls) for further details.
Controlling Repetition Rate
The last line of the first page of a Channel menu display provides control over the Output Pulse repetition rate. The default format is:
{ Period }: This defines the time between Output Pulses in Normal, Burst and Gate Trigger Modes.
Pressing [CHANGE FORMAT] when {Period} is selected will change the display for this parameter to:
{Freq}: This controls the frequency of Output Pulses in Normal, Burst and Gate Trigger Modes.
The difference between these formats is only in the way the rate is specified, and not in any sense an operational difference. This parameter has meaning in Single Trigger Mode only if the Pulse Duration is specified in {Duty Cy} mode, in which it is used to calculate the Output Pulse's Width. See the "Trigger Modes" section of Chapter 4 for further details.
This parameter is also available on the first page of the Trigger menu.
Parameter Conflicts
It is possible that while adjusting the parameters detailed above, a situation will arise where the requested parameter set is in violation of the basic parameter definitions (see the Glossary, Appendix F, for a listing of the parameter definitions). In such a case, blinking question marks (?) will appear next to each of those parameters involved in the Conflict condition.
Guided by the requirements of your application, select from among the indicated parameters those which can be altered to both resolve the conflict and satisfy the demands of your measurement. The following conditions must be true in order to avoid conflict:
1) Vhigh > Vlow 2) Lead < Width</li> if {2 Pulse} is OFF and Trigger Mode is Normal, Burst or Gate; 3) Width + Trail < Period</li> 4) Width + Retrig < Period</li> 5) Delay + Retrig < Period</li> if {2 Pulse} is ON; 6) Width + Trail < Delay</li> 7) Width + Retrig < Delay</li> if {2 Pulse} is ON and Trigger Mode is Normal, Burst or Gate; 8) Delay + Width + Trail < Period</li> 9) Delay + Width + Retrig < Period</li>
Lead and Trail are times for 100% Vhigh to Vlow transition. These are 1.25 X the 10% to 90% transition times specified in the Module control menus.
"Retrig" is a time interval during which one of the 9210's timing generators cannot be re-triggered without possibly compromising proper device operation.
Channel A & B Controls
Load Compensation
At the top of the second page of the Channel menu display is a CRTkey which controls the state of the 9210's Load Compensation feature. When {Loadcomp} is OFF , the load is assumed to be 50.00 Ω. The voltage levels delivered to the actual load, based on that assumption, may be up to two times those specified, dependant on the actual load resistance. When {Loadcomp} is turned ON, the generator will make the necessary corrections to deliver the displayed voltage levels to any load connected to the Module Output within the 47Ω to 1MΩ range. If the load resistance is subsequently changed, {Loadcomp} must be turned OFF, then ON again to recalculate the correction factors.
| Note that the Load Compensation algorithm used in the 9210 is valid for resistive loads only, and cannot correct for damping, ringing or oscillations caused by reactive loads, or for reflections due to transmission line mismatching. Nor can it correct for loads terminated to voltages other than ground (e.g. 50 \Omega to -2V). |
|---|
| {TTL set} and {ECL set} are action keys (see "Executing Action Commands" in Chapter 2) which allow the user to quickly assign standard logic family voltage levels to the Output Pulse. |
| {TTLset} will set {Vlow} to 300 mV and {Vhigh} to 3.5 V. If the Vertical format is other than {Vhigh}/{Vlow} , it will be changed to this format. |
| {ECLset} will set {Vlow} to -1.9 V and {Vhigh} to -800 mV. |
|
The last three lines of the second page of a Channel menu
display provide the user with a means of limiting the voltage levels of the Output Pulse, to protect a delicate device under test from application of potentially harmful signal levels. |
|
If {Limits} is ON, then {Vhigh} cannot be set above
{Vmax}, and {Vlow} cannot be set below {Vmin}. Any attempt to exceed either limit will produce the message "Value limited to user limit". With {Limits} OFF, the Module's full specified output swing is available. |
| The table below lists the specified limits for the parameters detailed above for the Models 9211, 9212, and 9213 Output Modules. Vertical specifications listed in parentheses () apply when driving a high impedance load (≥ 10 kΩ), those without parentheses when driving 50 Ω. |
| Output Module Parameter Limits for the LeCroy 9210 Modular Pulse Generator | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 9211 | Model 9212 | Model 9213 | ||||
| Parameter | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max |
| {Vhigh} |
-4.95 V
(-9.90 V) |
+5.00 V
(+10.00 V) |
-4.90 V
(-9.80 V) |
+5.00 V
(+10.00 V) |
-7.98 V
(-15.96 V) |
+8.00 V
(+16.00 V) |
| {VIow} |
-5.00 V
(-10.00 V) |
+4.95 V
(+9.90 V) |
-5.00 V
(-10.00 V) |
+4.90 V
(-9.80) |
-8.00 V
(+16.00 V) |
+7.98 V
(+15.96 V) |
| {Ampl} |
50 mV
(100 mV) |
5.00 V
(10.00 V) |
100 mV
(200 mV) |
5.00 V
(10.00 V) |
20 mV
(40 mV) |
16.00 V
(32.00 V) |
| {Base} |
-5.00 V
(-10.00 V) |
+5.00 V
(+10.00 V) |
-5.00 V
(-10.00 V) |
+5.00 V
(+10.00 V) |
-8.00 V
(-16.00 V) |
+8.00 V
(+16.00 V) |
| {Median} |
-4.975 V
(-9.950 V) |
+4.975 V
(+9.950 V) |
-4.95 V
(-9.90 V) |
+4.95 V
((+9.90 V) |
(-7.99 V)
(-15.98V) |
(+7.99 V)
(+15.98 V) |
| {Width} | 2 nsec | 450 msec | 1.6 nsec | 450 msec | 5 nsec | 450 msec |
| {Duty Cy}* | 1% | 99% | 1% | 99% | 1% | 99% |
| {Delay} | 0 nsec | 450 msec | 0 nsec | 450 msec | 0 nsec | 450 msec |
| {Lead} | 1 nsec | 10 msec | 300 psec | 1 nsec | 6.5 nsec | 95 msec |
| {Trail} | 1 nsec | 10 msec | 300 psec | 1 nsec | 6.5 nsec | 95 msec |
| {Slew}* | 1 V/usec | 5 kV/usec | 5 kV/usec | 16.7 kV/usec | 1 V/usec | 2.5 kV/usec |
| {Period}** | 4 nsec | 450 msec | 3.33 nsec | 450 msec | 20 nsec | 450 msec |
| {Freq}** | 2.2 Hz | 250 MHz | 2.2 Hz | 300 MHz | 2.2 Hz | 50 MHz |
* derived value, full range achievable based on other parameter settings. ** Limit is enforced by mainframe. Min. Period = 2.85 nsec, Max Frequency = 350 MHz Specifications subject to change without notice
TRIGGER CONTROLS
|
General
Information |
The 2 Output Modules in the 9210 are driven from a common timebase, i.e. the channel outputs are both referenced to the same trigger. This does not mean that the two channels must both output their pulses at the same time, or that they must be of identical width, but merely that the repetition rates and Trigger modes of the 2 channels must be the same. |
|---|---|
|
The Trigger
Output |
The signal available at the 9210's
Trigger Output
connector is a negative-going pulse, synchronized with the {Ext Input} signal, if any, and the 9210's internal timebase. {Delay} is relative to this signal's leading (negative) edge. The width of the Trigger Output is dependent upon the selected Trigger {Mode} and other operating conditions. Its amplitude will be 1 V into a 50 Ω load (2 V into an open circuit), and its quiescent level is programmable (see the section entitled "Adjusting the Trigger Output Offset", below). |
|
The Trigger
Input |
The 9210 can be adjusted to trigger on any signal connected
to the Ext Input connector whose amplitude is greater than 200 mV, at frequencies up to 300 MHz, (note that not all Output Modules will be able to deliver pulses at the mainframe's maximum trigger frequency). Trigger pulses as narrow as 1.5 nsec can be accommodated. |
|
The impedance of the Trigger Input can be programmed to
either 10 kΩ, or 50 Ω (± 5%). See the section entitled "Selecting the Trigger Input Impedance" below for further details. The signal levels at the Ext Input must not exceed ± 5 V into 50 Ω, or ± 20 V into 10 kΩ. |
4
27
919067 RevA
Normal Mode {Normal} trigger mode produces a continuous Pulse stream at the selected {Period} and {Width}. One Trigger Output will occur for each Output Pulse. The width of the Trigger Output will be dependent upon the repetition rate. See the table below for details. The Output Pulse follows the Trigger Output by {Delay}, plus an offset of ≈ 20 nsec.
Normal Trigger Mode is free - running, requiring no external trigger signal.
| Nominal Trigger Output Wi | dths in Normal Trigger Mode |
|---|---|
| If the Period is | The Trigger Output Width will be |
| ≤7.2 nsec | 1.2 nsec |
| 7.2 nsec < Period ≤ 50 nsec | 3.6 nsec ≤ Trigger Out Width ≤ 7.2 nsec |
| > 50 nsec | 25 nsec |
Single Mode
{Single} mode is triggered externally, either from the front panel Ext Input, the Manual Trigger button, or via GPIB command. The trigger starts the 9210's timebase. One Trigger Output follows each trigger by ≈21 nsec. The Trigger Output width is dependent upon the Output Pulse {Width}. If {Width} is 40 nsec or less, the Trigger Output will be 1.2 nsec wide. If {Width} is greater than 40 nsec, the Trigger Output will be 25 nsec wide.
If 2 Output Modules are installed, the larger {Width} setting is used to determine the Trigger Output width.
As above, the Output Pulse will follow the Trigger Output by {Delay} + ~20 nsec. The {Period} parameter has no meaning in Single Trigger Mode, unless the {Duty Cy} format is selected, in which case {Period} is used to calculate the duration of the Output Pulse.
Gate Mode In {Gate} mode, Output Pulses of the programmed {Width} occur at the rate specified by {Period} as long as the signal at the Ext Input is in the state defined as true (see the section entitled "Trigger Slope and Level", below). One Trigger Output Pulse
follows each external input by ≈ 21 nsec. The width of the Trigger Output will be roughly equal to the width of the External Input signal.
In GateTrigger Mode, Output Pulses start after the Delay, and continue to run at the rate defined by Period, for the duration of the true state of the Gate Input
The first Output Pulse follows the Trigger Output by {Delay} + ~20 nsec. If the external input goes false while an Output Pulse is active, the {Width} and {Trail} will be completed as specified by the parameter settings.
NOTES:
1) To allow the timing generator circuits internal to the 9210 to fully re-initialize, there is a minimum retrigger interval (i.e dead time) of 20 nsec in Gate Mode.
2) The front panel Manual Trigger button can be used to simulate a Gate input. The Gate remains valid for as long as the button is pressed.
32
919067 RevA
External Width Mode
In {Ext wid} (external width) mode, the signal at the Ext Input is reproduced at the Module Output with programmable transition times and output voltage levels. A Trigger Output follows each external input by ≈21 nsec, and the width of the Trigger Output will be roughly equal to that of the external input signal. The Output Pulse follows the Trigger Output by the ≈20 nsec delay offset.
{Delay}, {Width} and {Period} adjustments made when the generator is in {Ext wid} mode will become effective when the Trigger Mode is changed.
The front panel Manual Trigger button can also be used as an External Width input. The Output Pulse will remain in the active state for as long as the button is pressed.
The interaction of Double Pulse operation with the various Trigger Modes is detailed below. Note that while the Trigger Mode is common to both channels, {2 Pulse} can be enabled in either channel independently of the other.
33
Double Pulse Interactions
| Normal Mode | Two Output Pulses follow each Trigger Output rather than 1. The first will trail the Trigger's leading edge by the double pulse delay offset of ≈18 nsec, and the second will follow the first by the {Delay} . |
|---|---|
| Single Mode | Same as Normal Mode, except that triggers must be received from some external .source. |
| Gate Mode |
Again, the same as
Normal
Mode, except only while
the signal at the Ext Input is in the true state. (See "Trigger Level and Slope" below.) |
| Burst Mode | In this case {Burst Ct} specifies the number of Output Pulse pairs, rather than the number of Output Pulses, per trigger. The first pulse of the first pair in any burst will follow the leading edge of the Trigger Output by ≈18 nsec, the second pulse in any pair follows the first by {Delay} , and the first pulse of any pair follows the first pulse of the previous pair by {Period} . |
|
External
Width Mode |
{Ext Wid} Mode is incompatible with Double Pulse operation, i.e., its function is unaffected by the state of {2 Pulse} . |
|
Setting the
Trigger Level and Slope |
The user may specify the point on the Ext Input signal at which the generator will trigger by utilizing the {Slope} and {Level} CRTkeys. The control provided by these keys is as follows: |
|
[Level]
selects the voltage threshold that must be crossed by the
Ext Input
signal in order to trigger the 9210.
[Level] can be set to any value between ± 2.5 V with 20 mV resolution. |
|
{Slope}
determines the direction of the transition
( Positive or Negative ) through the specified voltage {Level} that will trigger the generator. {Slope} may also be set to Disable , in which case the generator will not respond to the external input at all. |
|
|---|---|
|
Setting the
Trigger Level Automatically |
{Auto Ivl} is an action key which enables the 9210 to determine an appropriate setting for {Level} such that the 9210 will trigger on the edge of the Ext Input signal specified by {Slope} (if {Slope} is set to Disable , executing {Auto Ivl} will reset it to Positive ). It will take a few seconds for the proper level to be found. Touching {Auto Ivl} and {Execute} with no signal (or an inappropriate signal) connected to the Ext Input will bring an error message to the screen. |
|
Parameter Limits
and Triggering |
When the maximum Width or Delay settings are approached
(within about 500 psec) in Single trigger mode, the error message "TRIGGER TOO FAST" may appear in the information window. This occurs because the Width or Delay timing generator circuit has been re-triggered before it has recovered from the previous trigger. The message is meant to indicate that a trigger may have been missed. However, if a trigger is received during the first 500 psec after the timing generator asserts that it is actually ready to re-trigger, the error detection circuitry may still trip and produce the error message. |
|
Setting the
Internal Trigger Rate |
In Normal Trigger Mode, the 9210 triggers itself at a rate determined by the {Period} parameter, which can be adjusted from the bottom line of the first page of the Trigger menu display, just as it can on the Channel Menus. |
(Internal triggers are also utilized in Gate and Burst Modes, but only after an external trigger has started the period generator.) The {Freq} format may also be used. See the section entitled "Controlling Repetition Rate" in Chapter 3 for further details.
|
Trigger Page 2
Out IVI ······1 00 mV Input Z ······ 50 Ω TTL set ECL set |
|---|
| Return New Page Normal 50 Ω 0 Hz |
Adjusting the Trigger Output Offset
The top line of the second page of the Trigger menu display, { Out IvI }, controls the quiescent level of the Trigger Output . The range of programmable values for { Out IvI } is from -1.5 V to +1.5 V, with resolution of approximately 20 mV. The Trigger Output's active level will nominally be 1 V below the programmed base level.
Keep in mind that the levels listed above assume operation into a load of 50 Ω. If the Trigger Output drives an open circuit, the quiescent level will be twice that reported by {Out lvl} , and the Trigger amplitude will nominally be 2 V.
Selecting the Trigger Input Impedance
The user may set the impedance presented by the 9210's Ext Input. {Input Z} can be set to either 50 Ω or HI_Z . When set for HI_Z , the impedance is 10 kΩ.
Trigger Output Presets
{TTLset} and {ECLset} on the Trigger menu display are action keys which provide the user with a shorthand method of establishing voltage levels at the Trigger Output compatible with the standard logic families is use today.
Touching {TTLset} and {Execute} will set {Out lvl} to 1.24 V. While this is admittedly not a standard TTL high level, remember that the quiescent level doubles into a high impedance (which a TTL circuit will present to the generator), and 2.48 V is more than enough to be recognized as a high by any TTL-compatible logic family. The active pulse level in this case will be 480 mV, which will certainly be recognized as a TTL low.
Executing {ECLset} will make {Out lvl} -850 mV, well within the specified limits for an ECL high level. The high frequencies and fast edge rates common to ECL applications dictate the use of good co-axial cable with proper termination when introducing an external signal, so a 50 \Omega load is assumed. The active Trigger Output level in this case will be -1.85 V, again, well within the specified limits for an ECL low.
Invoking Self Calibration
The top line of the More menu display, {Cal} , is an action key which, when {Execute} is touched, will cause the 9210's measurement system to begin a calibration cycle. Calibration insures the accuracy of all Voltage and Time parameters listed on the Channel menu displays.
This action will require approximately 30 seconds to execute. The message "Calibration in progress" will occupy the display until the calibration is complete, at which time another message will appear to inform you of the success or
failure of the procedure. A complete listing of the results of the calibration can be brought to the display via the {Cal Msg} key (see below).
Calibration is performed at power-up. It is strongly recommended that a new calibration be performed after about 15 minutes of operation, by which time the generator should be fully warmed up.
The 9210's Temperature Compensation feature monitors and adjusts timing for operating temperature changes over a 5° C range. If the operating temperature changes by more than 5° C, the generator will issue the warning message "Self-cal suggested" to inform the user that this feature may no longer be able to make the necessary corrections. See the "Temperature Compensation" section at the end of this chapter for further details.
Invoking Selftest {Selftest}, is an action key which, when {Execute} is touched, will cause the 9210 to perform a full Selftest cycle. Self-test includes the Calibration described above as well as various tests on system memory, video display circuitry, and the trigger, threshold and slope controls. {Selftest} requires about a minute to complete.
The results of {Selftest} can be brought to the screen via the {Cal Msg} key, as above. The calibration results are reported first, followed by the results of the additional tests.
NOTE: Signals with fast edge rates and large amplitude connected to the 9210's Ext Input may cause the Selftest to fail. It it therefore recommended that the Ext Input be left open while Selftest is in progress.
|
Calibration
Results |
A complete listing of the results of the last self calibration or
self- test can be brought to the display by touching {Cal Msg} The information contained within this multi- page listing is invaluable in determining the seriousness and possible causes of a self calibration or self-test failure. It is suggested that you review this listing before contacting your LeCroy service representative regarding such failures. A description of the tests performed by {Cal} and {Selftest} can be found in Appendix D of this manual, in the section entitled "Selftest" |
|---|---|
| Monitoring the GPIB Interface |
Touching
{Gpib}
will bring to the CRT a screen on which
all GPIBtransactions involving the 9210 are displayed, along with any error codes which may have resulted, in a window at the center of the screen. |
| The top 2 lines of this screen allow the user to select the GPIB operating {Mode} for the 9210, and to select the Bus Address of the generator. {Mode} can be set for Addressed (Addr) or Listen Only (LON) , and valid choices for Address are the integers from 0 to 30, inclusive. See Chapters 6, 7 and Appendices D and E for further details about GPIBoperation. | |
|
The Screen
Saver |
The 9210's Screen Saver feature will diminish the
brightness of the CRT if no front panel controls (buttons, knobs or CRTkeys) have been manipulated for more than 7 minutes. This feature is enabled in factory default settings, but can be disabled by setting {Scrn Save} to OFF . |
|
Disabling the
Touch Screen |
The 9210's Touch Screen is enabled by factory default setting. It can be disabled, if desired, by setting {TouchCRT} to OFF . |
|
The Touch Screen can also be disabled at power-up, by
holding a finger on the screen while pushing the [POWER] button, and keeping it there until the calibration message appears. A message will appear to alert the operator that the screen will be disabled. |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Display
Brightness |
The brightness of the 9210's CRT display can be changed to
a more comfortable level by adjusting the value of {Bright} . The range of values for this variable are the integers between 1 and 16, inclusive. |
||
|
Testing the
User Interface |
Touching {TEST} , the eighth line of the More menu display, will bring a new screen to the 9210's display with 2 choices, {CRT Test} and {Key Test} . | ||
| The {CRT Test} screen contains 11 CRTkeys , each of which should highlight when touched. This screen can be exited by pushing any of the front panel DISPLAY keys. If this test is requested with the Touch Screen disabled, it will be automatically enabled. | |||
| The {Key Test} screen contains a representation of all the buttons on the 9210's front panel. Each symbol should light when the button it represents is pushed. The symbol labeled FINE represents the inner vernier knob, and the one labeled COARSE represents the outer ring. When either knob is turned, its symbol should both light up and indicate the direction (+1 or -1) of the turn. Note that the only way to exit this screen is by use of the {Return} CRTkey at the bottom of the display. For this reason, the TouchCRT will be automatically enabled if this test is requested with the Touch Screen disabled. | |||
Temperature Compensation
The 9210 senses the internal temperature of its timing ICs and attempts to compensate for changes of 0.1° C or greater. This maintains timing accuracy within specifications over a range of temperature variation of greater than ± 5° C since the last calibration. The timing shift caused by such small changes in temperature is always much smaller than the 9210's timing accuracy specification, and will not be noticeable in most situations. However, in some cases, it may be more desirable to permit the timing to drift gradually with temperature than to permit sudden changes of even small magnitude. For such cases, {Temp Comp} may be set to OFF from the bottom line of the More menu display.
When {Temp Comp} is OFF , timing can be expected to drift by as much as 0.2%/° C. {Temp Comp} is set to ON by factory default setting.
Note that starting 15 minutes after power-up, and at five minute intervals, the 9210 checks to see if temperature has changed by more than 5° C since the last self-calibration. If so, a message is displayed suggesting that you invoke a new self-calibration cycle, in order to assure the generator's specified accuracy. The temperature change since the last self-calibration is part of the {Cal Msg} created by each calibration cycle.
The change in temperature since the last self-calibration can be queried over the GPIB. See Chapter 7 for details.
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REMOTE OPERATIONS
|
General
Information |
Remote operation of the 9210 is IEEE STD 488.2-1987
compatible. This ensures that input is accepted in a flexible way, and responses are presented in a strictly defined manner designed to be easy for the user to deal with. If you are not familiar with 488.2, you should read the following section in order to take advantage of some of its features. |
|---|---|
| Terminology | Commands and queries (commands which get an answer via GPIB) are called "program message units". A "program message" consists of one or more "program message units". On input, the "program message terminator" is EOI with the last character of the message or with Line Feed, or Line Feed alone. The "program message unit separator" (for separating multiple units in one program message) is ';'. |
|
Numeric
Representation |
NRf stands for Numeric Representation, flexible. All of the following are equivalent as input using this representation: |
|
100E-9
100.0000000000000000000000000000000000 |
|
| NOTE: Input is always case insensitive. | |
|
On output, one of three stricter formats, typically NR3, is
used instead of NRf. NR3 never has leading zeroes or embedded spaces, or an unreasonably large number of digits, and always has an exponent of the form "E |
6
|
Header
Compounding |
The keyword part of a command or query is called a
"header". Commands and queries which are made up of more than one word separated by ':' are compound headers. The only compound headers used in the 9210 are for module specific commands, where the commands are of the form module ID must be either A or B. Commands which are not module specific must not have a module ID. If multiple module specific commands are sent in the same program message, the module ID is remembered and need not be used on each command. For example, the following is valid: "FREQ 100E6; A:VHI 3; VLO 5; TRMD SINGLE; LEAD 5ns". Note that VHI, VLO and LEAD all apply to module A. |
|---|---|
|
Coupled
Commands |
Coupled commands are commands which interact. For
example, in Normal trigger mode, Width must be less than Period. If the message "A:WIDTH 100E-9" is sent, it may or may not produce an invalid state depending on the current trigger mode and Period. If coupled commands are sent in one program message, they are all evaluated when the program message terminator is received. For example, the message "TRMD NORMAL; A:WIDTH 100E-9; PER 200E-9" can never produce an error due to the previous trigger mode or period. |
| Responses | If a program message contains one or more queries, it will get one "response message". For example, "A:VHI?;VLO?" might get the answer: "1.00E+0;0.000E+0". The response message terminator is always line feed with EOI. |
|
Status Reporting
and Service Requests |
The 9210 implements the 488.2 standard status byte and the standard event status register. In addition, we implement an "error queue". The error queue summary bit (1 when the queue is not empty) is bit 7 in the main status byte. The status byte and event status register are described in detail in Appendix D. For further information about the error queue, see the "ERR?" query in Chapter 7 (GPIB Commands), and the list of possible errors in Appendix E. |
|---|---|
|
Common
Commands |
IEEE Std 488.2 defines certain commands which all
instruments claiming to be 488.2 compatible must implement, and other commands which are optional but, if implemented, must be implemented in a manner defined in the standard. These are called common commands. The first character of all common command headers is "*". For example, all 488.2 instruments should respond to "*CAL?" by performing calibration and returning "0" if there were no errors. |
47
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| Į | |
GPIB COMMANDS
General Information
7
This section describes the syntax of commands to control the 9210 via GPIB. It does not describe operation of controlled features; other parts of the manual describe operation.
Header names must match all the characters shown. Extra characters are ignored so, for example, you may send "WIDTH" for "WID" or "PERIOD" instead of "PER". Exception: The first three characters of the received header are used to compute a hash value (look-up index). Therefore, extra characters may not be added to headers shorter than three characters. Only one header, "BC", is shorter than three characters.
Character arguments are matched to a maximum of four characters so, for example, "TRMD NORM" will work as well as "TRMD NORMAL".
In the tables below, the first line of each header's documentation gives the header name, an English description, and a list of attributes which may include the following:
CMD- this header may be sent as a command.
QUERY- this header may be sent as a query, ie, with question mark immediately following it. A response will be generated.
MODULE_ID- this header requires a module id. Either it must be preceded by "A:" or "B:", or some previous module specific command in the same program message must have been preceded by "A:" or "B:".
CMD
COUPLED - The argument to this command may or may not cause an error depending upon the parameter settings enacted by other commands. Execution of these commands is postponed until the program message terminator is received, to give the user a chance to change multiple coupled items with one program message, without generating any error status.
Commands Which Correspond To Local Controls
*CAL Perform calibration and return error code QUERY
Query: No arguments.
Example: *CAL?
Notes: Returns 0 if no error.
Calibration takes about 30 seconds to complete.
*RCL Recall a saved state
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: dimensionless.
Example: *RCL 0
Notes: The argument can be 0 to 15. See also *SAV.
*SAV Save current state
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: dimensionless.
Example: *SAV 0
Notes: The argument can be 0 to 15. See also *RCL.
*TRG Trigger
Command: No arguments.
Example: *TRG
*TST Perform selftest and return error code
QUERY
Query: No arguments.
Example: *TST?
Notes: Returns 0 if no error.
51
7
CMD
CMD
| AMP | Pulse | Amplitude | CMD+QUERY+ MODULE_ID+COUPLED | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Command: | 1 argumer | nt, NRf. | ||||
| Units: Volt | 5. | |||||
| Exa | ample: A:A | AMP 3.2 | ||||
| Query: No | arguments | • | ||||
| Exa | ample: A:A | MP? | ||||
| Notes: Wit | h INVert ( | OFF: | ||||
| BASE | is the same as V | LO | ||||
| BASE | plus AMP is VF | Η. | ||||
| MEDIAN is BASE plus 1/2 AMP (AMP is positive). | ||||||
| Wi | th INVert | ON: | ||||
| BASE | is the same as V | HI | ||||
| BASE | plus AMP is VL | 0 | ||||
| MEDI | AN is BASE plu | s 1/2 AMP (AMP is negative). | ||||
| Cοι | pled to sle | ew_ld and slew_t | tr. | |||
| AUTOL | Trigg | er auto level s | set CMD | |||
| Command: | No argum | nents | ||||
| Ex | ample: AU | TOLEVEL | ||||
| 52 | ||||||
BASE Pulse base level CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID+COUPLED
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: Volts.
Example: A:BASE 0.2
Query: No arguments.
Example: A:BASE?
Notes: With INVert OFF:
BASE is the same as VLO BASE plus AMP is VHI. MEDIAN is BASE plus 1/2 AMP (AMP is positive).
With INVert ON: BASE is the same as VHI BASE plus AMP is VLO MEDIAN is BASE plus 1/2 AMP (AMP is negative).
BC Burst Count
CMD+QUERY
7
Command: 1 argument, NRf, 3..4095.
Units: Dimensionless (count).
Example: BC 2352
Query: No arguments.
Example: BC?
| BRI | Brightness adjust | CMD+QUERY |
|---|---|---|
| Comman | d: 1 argument, NRf, 116. | |
| Units: dir | mensionless. | |
| E | Example: BRIGHTNESS 12 | |
| Query: N | o arguments. | |
| F | Example: BRI? | |
| DBL | Double Pulse | CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID |
| Comman | d: 1 argument [ OFF | ON ] | |
| Ι | Example: A:DBL ON | |
| Query: N | lo arguments. | |
| H | Example: A:DBL? | |
DEL Pulse Delay CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID+COUPLED
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: seconds.
Example: A:DEL 100n
Query: No arguments.
Example: A:DEL?
Notes: Delay is coupled with leading edge, width and period in NORMAL trigger mode. Delay is the time from trigger out to pulse out, not including a fixed offset, see Chapters 3 and 4.
DISA Disable output
CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID
Command: 1 argument, [ OFF | ON ]
Example: A:DISA OFF
Query: No argument.
Example: A:DISA?
Notes: Disables pulse (and complement, if any) outputs.
When Disable is ON, the outputs are turned off.
55
DISP Display enable
CMD+QUERY
Command: 1 argument, [ OFF | ON ]
Example: DISP OFF
Query: No arguments.
Example: DISP?
Notes: Maximum speed of response to GPIB commands is achieved with DISPlay OFF, however this is not usually significant. DISPlay OFF can only be issued over the GPIB. Once local control has been re-established, DISPlay ON can be issued locally.
DUTY Duty cycle
CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: percent.
Example: A:DUTY 50
Query: No arguments.
Example: A:DUTY?
FREQ Frequency
CMD+QUERY+COUPLED
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: Hertz.
Example: FREQ 30M
Query: No argument.
Example: FREQ?
Notes: Coupled to WIDTH, DELAY, LEADing edge time and TRAILing edge time in NORMAL trigger mode.
INV Invert
CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID
Command: 1 argument, [ OFF | ON ]
Example: A:INV OFF
Query: No argument.
Example: A:INV?
CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID+COUPLED Leading edge time LEAD Command: 1 argument, NRf. Units: seconds. Example: A:LEAD 100E-9 Ouerv: no arguments. Example: A:LEAD? Notes: Coupled to WIDTH, also to DELAY, TRAIL and PERIOD in NORMAL trigger mode Enable vertical parameter limits CMD+OUERY+MODULE ID LIM Command: 1 argument, [ OFF | ON ] Example: A:LIM ON Query: No argument. Example: A:LIM? Notes: Limits are enforced when turned on, and at all subsequent changes of VHI, VLO (or AMPL, BASE, MEDIAN) or max or min limits. If any limit has been exceeded, the offending value is set to the limit and error 507."VALUE LIMITED TO USER LIMIT" is placed in the error queue (or displayed, depending on whether the source of the command was GPIB or the front panel).
LVH Set most positive voltage limit CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: Volts.
Example: A:LVH 3.6
Query: No argument.
Example: A:LVH?
Notes: Only has effect when limits are on; see LIM.
LVL Set most negative voltage limit CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: Volts.
Example: A:LVL 0.2
Query: No argument.
Example: A:LVL?
Notes: Only has effect when limits are on; see LIM.
59
LOADC Load Compensate CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID+COUPLED
Command: 1 argument, [ OFF | ON ]
Example: A:LOADCOMP ON
Query: No arguments.
Example: A:LOADCOMP?
Notes: VHI and VLO set voltage into 50 Ω if LOADComp is off, or voltage into the actual (resistive) load if LOADComp is on. The range of load resistances for which LOADComp will function is from 47Ω to 1MΩ The compensation factor is calculated and saved when the command LOADC ON is received. If the load is subsequently changed, LOADComp must be turned ON again to measure the new load. If LOADComp is off, for a module with 50 Ω output impedance (such as the 9212), the actual output voltage will be:
2 x Requested output voltage x (load / (load + 50))
LoadComp measures the output voltages and compares them to the current settings. For this reason, LOADC ON should be the last <PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT> in a <PROGRAM MESSAGE> containing commands which change the output voltage levels.
LOADComp is not applicable to modules with other than voltage outputs.
PHA Phase CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID+COUPLED
Command: 1 argument, NRf, 0 to <360. Units: degrees. Example: A:PHA 90
Query: no arguments. Example: A:PHA?
Notes: When Phase has been set, Pulse Delay = Phase/360*Period. This is maintained as period is changed, similarly to the way Duty Cycle makes Width a percentage of Period. Phase is displayed and set with a resolution of 0.1°, and is therefore always settable to one part in 3600 of the Period. At some values of period, Phase may provide better resolution than Delay, while at others, the reverse may be true. Phase is coupled with leading edge, width and period in NORMAL trigger mode. Phase does not include the fixed delay offset from the Trigger Output (see Chapters 3 and 4).
OUTNormal Output EnableOUTBarCompliment Output Enable
CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID
Command: 1 argument, [ON | OFF]. Example: A:OUT OFF
Query: No arguments. Example: A:OUT?
Note: These commands support the 9212's ability to independently disconnect and internally terminate its two outputs. They interact with the DISAble command, which disconnects both outputs simultaneously. For eaxmple, the complementary output is only enabled when OUTB is ON and DISA is OFF. If a 9212 output is to be left open, this command should be used to disconnect it and maintain proper termination to prevent distortion of the other output.
60A
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60B
MED Median voltage CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID+COUPLED
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: Volts.
Example: A:MED 0
Query: No arguments.
Example: A:MED?
Note: MEDIAN is (VHI + VLO)/2, which is the same as BASE + 1/2 AMP.
PER Period
CMD+QUERY+COUPLED
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: seconds.
Example: PER 33.3n
Query: no arguments.
Example: PER?
Notes: Coupled to WIDTH, DELAY and LEADing edge time in NORMAL trigger mode.
61
SCRNSAVE Screen Save
CMD+QUERY
Command: 1 argument, [ OFF | ON ]
Example: SCRNSAVE ON
Query: No arguments.
Example: SCRNSAVE?
Notes: If SCRNSAVE is on, the CRT will be dimmed to approximately BRIGHTNESS 1 after seven minutes of no front panel activity. Any front panel activity restores the BRIGHTNESS setting and resets the seven minute timer. SCRNSAVE OFF restores the normal BRIGHTNESS setting. When SCRNSAVE is set to OFF, the CRT is never dimmed.
SLEW L Slew rate, leading edge CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID+COUPLED
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: Volts/microsecond.
Example: A:SLEW_LD 1
Query: No arguments.
Example: A:SLEW_LD?
Notes: Coupled to VHI and VLO (or AMP) and width; also to delay and period if NORMAL trigger mode.
SLEW_T Slew rate, trailing edge CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID+COUPLED
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: Volts/microsecond.
Example: A:SLEW_TR 1
Query: No arguments.
Example: A:SLEW_TR?
Notes: Coupled to VHI and VLO (or AMP); also to delay, width and period if NORMAL trigger mode.
TEMPC Temperature Compensation
CMD+QUERY
Command: 1 argument [ OFF | ON ]
Example: TEMPCOMP OFF
Query: No arguments.
Example: TEMPC?
Notes: Setting TEMPC OFF disables the automatic application of temperature compensation corrections. We suggest that this should only be done after calibration after warmup. While TEMPCOMP is ON, the 9210 periodically calculates a correction factor based on the temperature change since the last calibration; when the factor grows large enough it is applied. TEMPCOMP OFF is appropriate where sudden timing changes of the order of 0.1% cannot be tolerated. Whether TEMPCOMP is on or off, changing any timing parameter (period, delay or width) will cause it to be set appropriately for the current temperature.
TOUCH Touch screen enable CMD+QUERY Command: 1 argument, [ OFF | ON ] Example: TOUCH OFF Query: No argument. Example: TOUCH? TRAIL Trailing edge time CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID+COUPLED Command: 1 argument, NRf. Units: seconds. Example: A:TRAIL 100E-9 Query: no arguments. Example: A:TRAIL? Notes: Coupled to DELAY, LEAD, WIDTH and PERIOD if NORMAL trigger mode.
GPIB Commands
TRIM Trigger input Impedance Command: 1 argument [ HIGHZ | FIFTY ] Example: TRIM FIFTY; Query: No arguments.
Example: TRIM?
TRLV Trigger Level
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: Volts.
Example: TRLV 0.5
Query: No arguments.
Example: TRLV?
CMD+QUERY
CMD+QUERY
CMD+QUERY+COUPLED TRMD Trigger Mode Command: 1 argument [ NORMAL | SINGLE | GATE | BURST | E_WID ] Example: TRMD SINGLE Ouery: no arguments. Example: TRMD? Notes: TRMD is coupled to Period / Frequency and therefore to everything they are coupled to, since in NORMAL trigger delay plus leading edge plus width must be less than the period. Trigger Output Voltage CMD+OUERY TROV Command: 1 argument, NRf. Units: Volts. Example: TROV 1 Query: No argument. Example: TROV? Notes: This specifies the quiescent voltage for trigger output, assuming a 50 Ω load to ground, and may be from -1.5 V to +1.5 V. The output will swing -1 Volt when trigger occurs. Voltages double into high impedance. See also TROV_SET.
TROV_SET Set Trigger Output for TTL or ECL compatibility
CMD
7
Command: 1 argument, [ ECL | TTL ]
Example: TROV_SET TTL
Notes: TROV_SET TTL sets TROV to 1.24V, so levels are 2.48 V (inactive) and .48 V (active) into high impedance. TROV_SET ECL sets TROV to -.85 volts, so levels are -.85 V (inactive) and -1.85 V (active) into a 50 Ω load to ground. The proper load on the trigger output is required to achieve the desired logic levels.
TRSL Trigger Slope
CMD+QUERY
Command: 1 argument. [ POS | NEG | DISABLE ]
Example: TRSL POS
Query: No arguments.
Example: TRSL?
| VHI | Pulse high level CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID+COUPLED |
|---|---|
| Comma | and: 1 argument, NRf. |
| Units: ` | Volts. |
| Example: A:VHI 3.2 | |
| Query: | No arguments. |
| Example: A:VHI? | |
| Notes: | Coupled to VLO, SLEW_LD and SLEW_TR. |
| VHI sets the voltage into 50 Ω if LOADComp is off, or voltage into the actual (resistive) load if LOADComp is turned on after VHI is set, or if LOADComp was previously invoked into the present load. | |
| VLO | Pulse low level CMD+QUERY+MODULE_ID+COUPLED |
| Comm | and: I argument, NRI. |
| Units: | Volts. |
| Example: A:VLO 0.2 | |
| Query: | No arguments. |
| Example: A:VLO? | |
| Notes: | Coupled to VHI, SLEW_LD and SLEW_TR. |
| VLO set s the voltage into 50 Ω if LOADComp is off, or voltage into the actual (resistive) load if LOADComp is turned on after VLO is set, or if LOADComp was previously invoked into the present load. | |
| 68 |
VSET Set VHI/VLO for ECL or TTL levels
CMD+MODULE ID
7
Command: 1 argument, [ ECL | TTL ]
Example: VSET TTL
Notes: VSET ECL sets VHI -0.9 and VLO -1.8 Volts. VSET TTL sets VHI 3.5 and VLO 0.3 Volts. This means that if LOADComp if ON, VSET TTL will actually produce 3.5 and 0.3V levels and VSET ECL will actually produce -0.9 and -1.8V levels into any load which LOADComp can compensate for. (LOADComp cannot, for example, compensate for loads terminated to any voltage other than ground.)
If LOADComp is OFF, VSET will work properly into a 50 Ω load to ground. There is some latitude in the load value if loadcomp is off. See LOADComp for more information.
| WID Pulse Width | CMD+QUERY+MODULE | ID+COUPLED |
|---|
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: seconds.
Example: A:WID 100n
Query: No arguments.
Example: A:WID?
Notes: WIDTH is coupled with DELAY, LEADing edge time and PERIOD in NORMAL or BURST trigger modes, and with LEADing edge time only in other trigger modes.
CMD
CMD+QUERY
OUERY
Commands Which Have No Corresponding Local Controls
Commands below this point are for GPIB only. They do not correspond to any displayed item.
| *CLS C | lear status |
|---|
Command: No arguments.
*ESE Standard Event Status Enable
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: dimensionless.
Example: *ESE 1
Query: No argument.
Example: *ESE?
*ESR Read Out the Standard Event Status Register
Query: No argument.
Example: *ESR?
*IDN Identification
Ouerv: No arguments.
Example: *IDN?
Notes: The response to *IDN must have four fields separated by commas which are: 1) manufacturer; 2) model#; 3) serial# or 0; 4) firmware rev or 0. Each field may contain any ASCII character 0x20 through 0x7E except comma and semicolon.
Overall length must be less than or equal to 72 characters.
The response is sent as an <ARBITRARY ASCII RESPONSE DATA> element, ie, not a quoted string. This type of element must be the last in a response message, as it must be followed by the response message terminator (line feed with EOI); therefore *IDN? should be the last query in the program message which contains it.
*LRN Learn device setup
QUERY
Query: No arguments.
Example: *LRN?
Note: *LRN? returns one large PROGRAM MESSAGE which contains PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS capable of returning the system to its current state.
71
QUERY
*OPC Operation complete
CMD+QUERY
Command: No arguments.
Example: *OPC
Query: No arguments.
Example: *OPC?
Notes: The command causes the Operation Complete bit in the standard event status register to be set when all commands in the program message have been completed.
The query causes a "1" to be placed into the output queue when all commands in the program message have been completed.
*OPT Option identification
QUERY
Query: No arguments.
Example: *OPT?
Notes: Returns an <ARBITRARY ASCII RESPONSE DATA> element, therefore, *OPT? should be the last query in the program message which contains it. See the note for *IDN for further explanation.
The 9210's response to *OPT is five fields showing the module type and revision level for the installed modules, and a code for any installed mainframe options. As of this writing, there are no reportable mainframe options so the code will always be zero.
An example of *OPT? response could be:
Module A 9211, rev 1, Module B 9211, rev 1, Mainframe options 0
*RST Reset
Command: No arguments.
Example: *RST
Note: *RST is equivalent to *RCL of a predefined state, plus it cancels *OPC command and query.
*SRE Service Request Enable
CMD+QUERY
Command: 1 argument, NRf, 0..255.
Units: dimensionless.
Example: *SRE 160
Query: No argument.
Example: *SRE?
Notes: Bit 6 does not need an enable; the query always returns a value as if bit 6 is zero. For example, "*SRE 255; *SRE?" would return 191.
73
7
CMD
| *STB | Read out the status byte | QUERY |
|---|---|---|
| Query: | No argument. | |
| Example: *STB? | ||
| Note: |
Bit 6 in this byte is the "Master Status Summary" from the time the sta
created. It is not cleared by serial poll. This differs from bit 6 as read poll, which is cleared by the serial poll. |
tus byte was
by serial |
| *WAJ | Wait for pending operations | CMD |
| Comm | and: No arguments. | |
| Example: *WAI | ||
| Note: | The implementation of *WAI is mandatory according to IEEE 488.2. | However, |
7
74
----
CHDR Enable Command Header with Query response CMD+QUERY
Command: 1 argument, [ OFF | ON | SHORT | LONG ]
Example: CHDR OFF
Query: No argument.
Example: CHDR?
Notes: The arguments ON, SHORT and LONG are equivalent. SHORT and LONG are present for compatibility with other LeCroy instruments.
The intent of CHDR is to return query responses which are valid commands and easily readable. For example, with CHDR off, the TRMD? query might return SINGLE. With CHDR on, the same query would return TRMD SINGLE.
CHK Check plug-in type
CMD+QUERY+MODULE ID
Command: 1 argument, NRf.
Units: dimensionless.
Example: A:CHK 9211
Query: No arguments.
Example: A:CHK?
Notes: Query returns plug-in model number. Command produces a "device error" if the model number does not match. If the module is not installed, the command or query produces error 241 "hardware missing" (as do all module specific commands).
ERR Read out the next error queue entry
QUERY
CMD
Query: No argument.
Example: ERR?
Notes: The query returns a numeric error code (as an <NR1 NUMERIC RESPONSE DATA> element) and a quoted string (a <STRING RESPONSE DATA> element) with a brief description of the error. For example, ERR? might return: 121,"INVALID CHAR IN NUMBER".
The error queue can hold 31 entries. If 31 errors occur, the last entry will be 350,"TOO MANY EVENTS". See the list of possible errors in Appendix E.
MSG Display a message
Command: 1 argument, a quoted string.
Notes: The message is displayed in large text as up to ten lines of up to eighteen characters each. Linefeed may be embedded in the string to advance to the next line, otherwise each line is filled to eighteen characters. The string may be delimited by single or double quotes; the other type may be used within the string. Whichever is used as the delimiter, if it occurs twice in succession it is interpreted as occurring once in the string. For example: MSG "He said ""She said 'Hi""" shows: He said "She said 'Hi".
TER Read TST/CAL Error Register
QUERY
Query: One argument, NRf.
Units: dimensionless.
Example: TER? 3
Notes: The argument is a number from 0 to 15. The response is a number to be interpreted as a 32 bit integer. Each integer provides more detailed information for one of the 16 bits in the response of *CAL? or *TST?. For example, if *CAL? returned 8, then TER? 3 will return a value with more information on why calibration failed. Each bit in the response of *CAL? or *TST may be thought of as a summary bit for one of the 32 bit registers read out by TER?.
77
APPENDIX A
MODEL 9210 PULSE GENERATOR MAINFRAME
| TIMING CHARACTERISTICS: | Defined at 50% amplitude points and minimum |
|---|---|
| transition times | |
| NOTE: The minimum values listed below refer to the | |
| mainframe only, and may not be achievable with all | |
| output modules. | |
| Pulse Period: 3.33 nsec to 4 | 450 msec guaranteed. Settablity down to 2.85 nsec |
| Resolution: | the greater of 0.1% of value or 10 psec |
| Accuracy: | ± (0.5% of value + 0.2 nsec) from 3.3 nsec to |
| 9802849-9664-9664-9664-9664-9664-9664-9664-9 | 450 msec |
| Jitter: | 0.035% (350 ppm) of value + 35 psec max rms |
| Temperature Coefficient: | 250 ppm/°C typ, with Temperature Compensation ON |
| remperature coefficient. | |
| Pulse Width: 1.6 nsec to 4 | 50 msec guaranteed |
| For Width se | tting < 7.2 nsec max Width = Period - 2.85 nsec |
| For Width se | tring > 7.2 nsec, max Width = Period - 0.75 nsec |
| Resolution: | the greater of 0.1% of value or 10 psec |
| A courses: | + (0.5% of value + 0.3 nsec) from 1.67 nsec to |
| Accuracy. | 150 mag |
| Tittant | |
| Jitter: | 0.055% of value + 55 psec max rms |
| Temperature Coefficient: | 250 ppm/ C typ. with Temperature Compensation ON |
| Bulco Dolow: 0 psec to 450 | mean (relative to fixed offset) |
| Fuise Delay. Unset to 450 | tring < 5.25 page may Delay - Deriod - 2.6 page |
| For Delay set | ting > 5.35 nsec, max Delay = Period - 2.6 nsec |
| For Delay set | ting > 5.55 nsec, max Delay = Period - 4.7 nsec |
| Resolution: | the greater of 0.1% of value or 10 psec |
| Accuracy: | ±(0.5% of value + 1.0 nsec) |
| Jitter: | 0.035% of value + 35 psec max rms |
| Temperature Coefficient: | (250 ppm + 50 psec)/°C typ. with Temperature |
| Compensation ON | |
| Double Pulse Settability: 4 nsec | to 450 msec |
| Resolution: | the greater of 0.1% of value or 10 psec |
| Accuracy: | ± (0.5% of value + 0.3 nsec) |
| Jitter: | 0.035% of value + 35 psec max rms . |
| Temperature Coefficient: | 250 ppm/°C typ. with Temperature Compensation ON |
| 27 |
PROGRAMMABILITY: All generator functions are GPIB programmable.
TRIGGERING MODES:
| Normal: | Continuous pulse stream. Trigger output for each pulse output. |
|---|---|
| Single: | Each trigger generates a single output pulse. One Trigger output for each trigger. |
| Gated: |
Signal at external input enables period generator. The first
output pulse is synchronized with the gate's leading edge. Last pulse is allowed to complete. One Trigger output for each Gate input. |
| Burst: | Each trigger generates a pre-programmed number of pulses (3 to 4095). Minimum time between two bursts is 50 nsec. One Trigger output for each trigger. |
| External Width: | The signal at the external input is reproduced with programmable transition times and output levels. Trigger Output for each external trigger. |
OPERATING FEATURES
| Manual Trigger: Front panel pushbutton simulates an external in provides 1 trigger pulse in Single and Burst Mo |
ut. Each push
les. |
|---|
Double Pulse Mode: When double pulse is set to ON, two pulses are produced for each trigger. The first pulse begins as soon as possible after the trigger (approximately the minimum Pulse Delay time). The Delay parameter now specifies the time from the leading edge of the first pulse to the leading edge of the second pulse. One Trigger Output occurs for each pulse pair. Compatible with all Trigger Modes except External Width.
INPUTS AND OUTPUTS:
|
External Input:
Max Safe Input Level: Min. Detectable Amplitude: Threshold Range and Resolution: Threshold Level Accuracy Input Impedance: Max. Input Frequency: Min. Pulse Width: Min. Input Slew Rate Edge Selection: |
± 5 V into 50 Ω or ± 20 V into 10 kΩ
200 mV ± 2.5 V adjustable in 20 mV steps ± 100 mV 10 kΩ or 50 Ω ± 5%, selectable 300 MHz 1.5 nsec 10 uV/usec Positive, Negative, neither edge. |
|---|---|
|
Frigger Output:
Output Levels: Output Impedance: Delay from Trigger Input: Width: |
Nominal 1 V negative swing from base level
into 50 Ω. Base level adjustable over ± 1.5 V range with 20 mV resolution. {2 V negative swing from base level into Hi Z. Base level of ±3 V open circuit, 40 mV resolution} 50 Ω ± 5% 21 nsec typ. Dependent upon Trigger Mode |
| Normal Mode: |
Period ≤ 7.2 nsec: Width = 1.2 nsec typ.
7.2 nsec < Period < 50 nsec: 3.6 nsec ≤ Width ≤ 7.2 nsec Period > 50 nsec: Width = 25 nsec typ. |
| Single Mode: |
Pulse Width setting ≤ 40 nsec:
Trigger Output Width = 1.2 nsec Pulse Width setting > 40 nsec: Trigger Output Width = 25 nsec |
| Burst Mode: | Width = Period *(Burst Count - 1) |
| Gate and External Width Modes |
Trigger Output Width ≈
Trigger Input Width |
| Protection: | Protected against application of ±10 V. |
_____
ADDITIONAL FEATURES:
| Limit: | pulse outputs are limited to protect the device under test. |
|---|---|
| Setups: | 16 setup configurations can be stored and recalled using Store and Recall keys on the front panel. |
| Change Format: |
Enables the alternate representation of a parameter or enables an
alternate mode of operation. Examples are Amplitude/Base or Amplitude/Median in lieu of VHigh/Vlow, Duty Cycle instead of Width, Frequency instead of Period, Slew Rate as opposed to Transition Time. |
.......................................
·
ENVIRONMENTAL:
| Storage Temperature: | -40°C to 70°C (temp above 40°C may degrade battery life) | |
|---|---|---|
|
Operating Temperature:
Humidity Range: |
0°C to 55°C
< 95% R.H from 0°C to 40°C |
|
| POWER: |
115/220 VAC ± 20%; 48 - 448 Hz;
300 Watts Max. (180 typ) |
|
MISC.:
|
Battery Backup Life:
Recalibration Interval: Warmup Time to meet specs: |
10 years typ.
1 year 15 min., after which a new self-cal must be |
|---|---|
| Weight: |
performed.
23 lbs net, 34 lbs shipping Add 3 pounds per Plug In typ. |
| Dimensions: |
Height: 5"
Width: 17" Depth: 21" |
OPTIONS:
9210/SM Service Manual 9210/RM Rack Mount Kit
MODEL 9211 PULSE OUTPUT MODULE
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS:
|
Maximum Rep Rate:
Minimum Pulse Width: Fixed Delay from Trigger Out: |
≥ 250 MHz
≤ 2.0 nsec 13 nsec ± 4 nsec |
|---|---|
| OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS: | (Output Characteristics specified with both outputs terminated in 50 Ω Ratings in { } are when operating into an open circuit.) |
|
Number of Outputs:
Output Voltage Range: |
2, 1 Normal Polarity and 1 Complementary Polarity ±5 Volts into 50 Ω {±10 Volts}; Maximum pulse amplitude of 5 V {10 V}; Minimum pulse amplitude of 50 mV {100 mV} |
| Short Circuit Output Current: | ±160 mA |
| DC Output Source Impedance: | 50±1 Ω |
| DC Output Accuracy: | |
|
Normal Output:
Amplitude Accuracy: Median Offset Accuracy: |
±(1% of Amplitude + 5 mV) into 50.00 Ω
±(0.5% of |Median Offset|+ 0.5% of Amplitude +15 mV) into 50.00 Ω |
| Accuracy with Load Com | p: The same accuracies as stated above will be maintained for user supplied load of 47 Ω to 1 MΩ when load compensation feature is enabled. |
|
Complemented Output:
Amplitude Accuracy: Median Offset Accuracy: Accuracy with Load Com |
|
| VHigh Resolution: | 5 mV {10 mV} | |
|---|---|---|
| VLow Resolution: | 5 mV {10 mV} | |
|
Variable Transition Times
Leading Edge: Trailing Edge: Ranges: |
: (10% |
to 90%):
1.0 nsec typ. 1.2 nsec to 1 msec guaranteed 1.0 nsec typ. 1.2 nsec to 1 msec guaranteed 7 ranges of 25:1, Min. lead to trail dynamic range = 2.5:1, except 2:1 at boundary between 2 fastest |
|
Resolution:
Accuracy: Constant Slew rate mo |
ode: |
the greater of 1% or 100 psec
±8% of value, ±0.5 nsec 5000 V/usec Max. to 1 V/usec with 0.1% resolution and ±8% accuracy (separately settable for leading and trailing edge) +3% typ. (10-90%) for transition times > 50 nsec |
| Linearity. | ||
| Overshoot and Ringing: | the gre | ater of ± 8% of amplitude or ±10 mV |
| Settling Time: | <10 ns | to 2% of amplitude change at fastest transition times |
|
Normal to Complemented
Output Skew: |
l
200 ps |
max |
| Output Protection: | Protect | ted against external application of ≤±15 V |
| ADDITIONAL CONTROLS | : | |
| Invert: Inverts normal output pulse levels. Quiescent and active levels exchanged. | ||
| Disable: Output circuitry is d | lisconn | ected via relay. |
| Display Channel: Instructs mainframe to select and display all of the parameter settings for this module. | ||
APPENDIX A
| MODEL 9213 PULSE OUTP | UT MODULE |
|---|---|
| TIMING CHARACTERISTICS: | |
| Maximum Rep Rate: | ≥ 50 MHz |
| Minimum Pulse Width: | ≤ 10.0 nsec |
| Fixed Delay from Trigger Out: | 20 nsec ± 4 nsec |
| OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS: | Specified with both outputs terminated in 50 Ω. (Ratings in { } are when driving an open circuit.) |
| Number of Outputs: | 1 |
| Output Voltage Range: |
±8 Volts into 50 Ω {±16 Volts};
Maximum Amplitude of 16 V {32 V}; Minimum Amplitude of 20 mV {40 mV} |
| Short Circuit Output Current: | ±200 mA |
| DC Output Source Impedance: | 50 ± 2 Ω |
| D.C. Output Accuracy: | |
| Amplitude Accuracy: | ±(1% of Amplitude + 5 mV) into 50.00 Ω |
| Median Offset Accuracy: |
±(0.5% of |Median Offset| + 0.5% of Amplitude
+ 15 mV) into 50.00 Ω |
| Accuracy with Load Comp: | The same accuracies as stated above will be maintained for user supplied load of 47 Ω to 1 MΩ when load compensation feature is enabled. |
84A
VLow Resolution: 5 mV {10 mV}
Variable Transition Times (10% to 90%):
| Leading Edge. iset to : | Leading | Edge: | ≤ 6.5 nsec | to | 95 msec |
|---|
Trailing Edge: nsec to 95 msec
Ranges:8 ranges of 25:1, Min. lead to trail dynamic range<br/>= 2.5:1, (except for lowest range, see graph<br/>below)
84B
| Slew Rate mode: | 2500 V/usec Max. to 1 V/usec with 0.1% resolution and ± 8% accuracy (separately settable for leading and trailing edge ) |
|---|---|
| Linearity: | ±3% typ. (10-90%) for transition times > 100 nsec |
| Overshoot and Ringing: | the greater of ±8% of amplitude or ± 10 mV |
| Output Protection: | Protected against application of ≤ ±40 V |
| ADDITIONAL CONTROLS: | |
| Invert: | Inverts normal output pulse levels. Quiescent active levels exchanged. |
| Disable: | Output circuitry is disconnected via relay. |
| Display Channel: | Instructs mainframe to select and display the setting parameters for this module. |
Note: All the above specifications (for the mainframe and modules) are subject to change without notice.
84C
|
Unpacking
Inspection |
and |
LeCroy recommends that the shipment be thoroughly
inspected immediately upon delivery. All material in the container(s) should be checked against the enclosed Packing List and shortages reported to the carrier promptly. If the shipment is damaged in any way, please notify the carrier. If the damage is due to mishandling during shipment, you must file a damage claim with the carrier. The LeCroy field service office can help with this. LeCroy tests all products before shipping and packages all products in containers designed to protect against reasonable shock and vibration. |
|---|---|---|
| Warranty |
LeCroy warrants the Models 9210, 9211, 9212 and 9213 to
operate within specification under normal use and service for a period of 5 years from the date of shipment. Replacement parts, and repairs are warranted for "duration of the original warranty or one (1) year, whichever is longer". This warranty extends only to the original purchaser. |
|
|
In exercising this warranty, LeCroy will repair or, at its
option, replace any product returned to the Customer Service Department or an authorized service facility within the warranty period, provided that LeCroy's examination discloses that the product is defective due to workmanship or materials and has not been caused by misuse, neglect, accident or abnormal conditions or operations. |
||
|
The purchaser is responsible for the transportation and
insurance charges arising from the return of products to the servicing facility. LeCroy will return all in-warranty products with transportation prepaid. |
This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness, or adequacy for any particular purpose or use. LeCroy shall not be liable for any special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether in contract, or otherwise.
Calibration
Although LeCroy warrants the 9210, 9211, 9212 and 9213 to meet specification for five (5) years with no adjustment, it is recommended that the user have the generator and modules calibrated once each year. If adjustments are necessary, they will be made at no charge.
Documentation Discrepancies
LeCroy is committed to provided state-of-the-art instrumentation and is continually refining and improving the performance of its products. While physical modifications can be implemented quite rapidly, the corrected documentation frequently requires more time to produce. Consequently, this manual may not agree in every detail with the accompanying product and the schematics in the Service Documentation. There may be small discrepancies in the values of components for the purposes of pulse shape, timing, offset, etc., and, occasionally, minor logic changes. Where any such inconsistences exist, please be assured that the unit is correct and incorporates the most up-to-date circuitry.
We will make every effort to update documentation as often as possible. If you feel that your version is outdated, call (914) 578-6020.
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