LeCroy 9101, 9109, 9100 User Manual

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Page 1

I OPERAToR’s MANUAL I

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- i li I I I II I

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MODEL 9100 SERIES

April 1993

Page 2

[ TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 General Information

Purpose Unpacking and Inspection Warranty

Product Asskmnce Maintenance Agreements

Documentation Discrepancies Software Licensing Agreement

Service Procedure

2 Product Description

9100 System Description 2-1 9100 Waveform Generation Concept

91 O0 Architecture 2-3 Front Panel Controls, Connections and Indicators 2-11 Rear Panel Controls, and Connections 2-13

Specifications 2-15

$ Operations

Preparation For Use 3-1

Standard Functions 3-3 Arbitrary Waveforms and File Conventions Defining An Arbitrary Waveform In Terms

OfA Waveform File

Transferring Waveform Data Files Into the

AFG RAM Disk Via GPIB 3--6

Loading the Waveform Files From RAM Disk

Into the Waveform Generator Circuit 3-9 Control Settings Summnry-(amplitude, dock, ...) 3-12 Specifying How the Data Values Are

Convened to Voltage Levels 3-13 Spedfying the Time Per Point 3-14 Specifying The Trigger Mode 3-14 Specifying the Trigger Delay 3-27 Specifying External Triggering 3-27 Using the Filters to Smooth the Waveform 3-27 Disconnecting the Output While the Generator

is Running 3-28 Inverting Channel 1 or 2 Summing Channel 1 and Channel 2 Signals Using the External Sum Input

Using an External Clock Reference 3-29 Using an External Clock Source 3-29 Synchronizing with Another 9100 Series AFG 3-29 Starting and Stopping the Waveform

1-1 1-I

1-1 1-2

1-9 1-2 1-2 1-3

2-2

3--4 3-5

3-28 3-28 3-28

3-30

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I TABLE OF CONTENTS I

Automating the Setup and Loading of Waveforms 3-30

4 Operating Instructions

Control Panel Operation 4-1 Basic Description 4-1

Main Menu Keys

Understanding the 9100/CP Menus 4-11 Entry Changes 4-19

Controlling the Arbitrary Function Generator

with the 9100/CP

Selecting an Arbitrary Waveform 4-23 Selecting a Standard Waveform

Selecting Attributes of Standard Sine 4-26 Selecting Attributes of Standard Square 4--27 Selecting Attributes of Standard Triangle 4-28 Selecting Attributes of Standard Ramp 4-28 Selecting Attributes of Standard Pulse 4-29 Selecting Attributes of Standard DC

Channel 1 Waveform Attributes 4-30 Channel 2 Waveform Attributes 4-33 Controlling the Tunebase 4--33

Trigger Control Arming and Firing Trigger

Working with Setup Files Working with Sequence Files Loading and Linking Waveforms ~ ~3

Executing Waveforms Aborting Waveforms Accessing the State of the AFG

4-5

’ 4-22

4-25

4-30

4--37 ~ ~0

~ ".0 ~ ~2

~ ~5 ~ ~5 ~ ~5

5 Operating over the GPIB

Genera]

Introduction

Remote Mode

Local Mode Addressing

Messages

Device Dependent Messages

Message Input Format Command Format Command Parameters

General Rules for Commands IEEE-488 Standard Messages Receiving the Device Clear Message Receiving the Trigger Message

5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-2 5-2 5-2

5-3 5-3 5--4 5-5 5-5 5-5

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l TABLE OF CONTENTS

Receiving the Remote Message Receiving the Local Message

Receiving the Local Lockout Messages Sending Messages Sending the Require Service Message (SRQ) Sending the Serial Poll Status Byte Sending the Secondary Status Bytes Operation of the Status Bytes

Acronym Guidelines

Programming Command Reference Section

Command Summary

File Handling Commands File Structures

Setup and Sequence Files Setup Files Executing Setup Files Sequence Files

Executing Sequence Files Single Waveform Files Dual Waveform Files Executing Waveform Files

File Handling Commands DELETE END LEARN_SETUP LINK

LOAD RECAIJ~

SEQUENCE SETUP STORE

Action Commands ABORT ARBITRARY ARM

CALIBRATE CI.FAR

GO NEXT

SELFTEST STOP

TRIGGER

Channel Parameter Commands CH 1 AMPLITUDE (CH2_AMPLITUDE)

CH I"FILTER (CH2_FILTER)

5-5 5-5 5-5

5-6 5-6

5-6 5-7 5-7

5-14 5-15

5-18 5-18 5-19 5-19 5-20 5-20

5-21 5-22 5-22 5-23

5-24 5-25

5-26 5-27 5-29 5-30 5-31

5-32 5-33

5-34 5-35 5-36 5-37 5-38 5-39 5-40

5-41 5-42 5-43

5-44 5-45

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CH l_I NVERT (CH2_I NVERT) CHI OFFSET (CH2_OFFSET) CHI__.OLrI~UT (CH2_OUTPUT)

CH I_ZERO_REF (CH I_ZERO_REF) EXTERNAL SUM SUM_MODI~

Timebase Commands CLOCK_SOURCE

CLOCK_LEVEL CLOCK_MODE

CLOCX_RA~

CLOCK_SLOPE CLOCKPERIOD CLOCKREFERENCE

Trigger Commands

DELAY MODE MARKI~R DELAY

TRIGGEI~ ARM SOURCE

TRIGGER_-DELAY TRIGGER_LEVEL

TRIGGER_MODE

TRIGGER_SLOPE TRIGGER_SOURCE

Standard Function Commands STANDARD SINE SINE_MODE

SINE_FREQUENCY

SINE CHI PHASE

SINE_-CH2-_PHASE

SQUARE

SQUARE_MODE

SQUARE_FREQUENCY

SQUARE_PHASE

SQUARE_P.ELATIVE_PHASE

TRIANGLE TRLkNGLE_MODE

TR/ANGLE FREQUENCY TRIANGLE_PHASE

TRIANGLE_RELATIVE_PHASE

RAMP

RAMP_MODE

RAMP_PERIOD

RAMP_PHASE

5--46 5-47

5-48 5-49 5-50 5-51

5-52 5-53 5-54

5-55 5-56

5-57 5-58

5-59 5-60 5-61 5-62

5--63 5--64 5-65 5--66

5-68 5-69

5-70 5-71 5-72

5-73 5-74 5-75 5-76

5-77

5-78

5-79 5-80

5-81 5-82

5-83 5-84 5-85

5-86 5-87

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TABLE OF CONTENTS I

RAMP_RELATIVE_PHASE PULSE

PULSE_WIDTH PULSE_PERIOD

PULSE DELAY PULSE-OPTIMIZE DC DC_MODE

Query Type Commands ACTIVE FILES

FUNCTION

EXIST DIRECTORY IDENTIFY MEMORY

VIEW Communication Commands

COMM_FORMAT COMM_HEADER

MASK STB

TSTB

COMMAND SUMMARY Figure 5.1 - Heirarchical Structure Of The 9100

Status Bytes

Table 5.1 -Status Byte Bit Assignments Table 5.2 - Error Codes

Table 5.3 - 9100 GPIB Acronyms

5--88 5-89

5-90 5-91 5-92 5-93

5-94 5-95

5-96 5-97

5--98

5-99 5-101 5-102 5-103

5-105 5-106 5-107

5-108

5-109

5-110

5-9

5-10

5-11

5-14

6 RS--232-Interface

Selecting the RS-232C Interface Configuring the RS--232C Interface Using RS-232

Typical RS-232C Dialog

RS-232 Commands COMM_RS_CONF COMM_PROMPT COMM_RS_SRQ

6-1 6-1

6-2 6-3

6--4 6--6

6-7

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]TABLE OF CONTENTS I

7 Model 9109

General Description High Speed Memory

Digital Output Specifications Reconfiguring the Digital Output

Interconnection Information

Application InformatiOn

9109 Front Panel Diagram

7-1

7-1 7-1 7-4

7-6 7-10 7-12

8 Model 9101

Introduction Differences Between 9101 and 9100

9101 Front Panel Diagram

9 9100/MM, /MM1,/MM2

Description

U.ing The Memory Expamion Option

Using The Control Memory Image Functions Learning A CMI File Deleting A CMI File

Reviewing The Contents ofA CMI File

10 9100/RT

Introduction Verifying Installation

Functional Description 9100/RT LOAD and LINK Comands

FIFO Memory Commands External FIFO Loading FIFO Reading

F..yamples of Operation External Real-Time Port Using the 9100/RT Option Using the External Real-Time Port Waveform Selection Using BASICA Specifications

8-1

8-4

9..-1

9--2

9--3 9-3

9--5 9-6

10-I

10-1 10-2 10-4 1 0-5

10--6 10--8

10-9

10-10 10-11 10-15 10-17 10-19

Appendix I

Index

Page 8

GENERAl, INFORMATION

PURPOSE

UNPACKING AND INSPECTION

WARRANTY LeCroy warrants its instrument products to operate within speci-

This manual is intended to provide instruction regarding the setup and operation of the covered instruments. In addition, it

describes the theory of operation and presents other information regarding its functioning and application.

The Service Documentation, packaged separately, should be

consulted for the schematics, parts lists and other materials that apply to the specific version of the instrument as identified by its ECO number.

LeCroy recommends that the shipment be thoroughly inspected immediately upon delivery. All material in the container(s)

should be checked against the enclosed Packing List and shortages reported to the carrier promptIy. If the shipment is damaged in any way, please notify the carrier. If the damage is due

to mishandling during shipment, you must file a damage claim

with the carrier. The LeCroy field service office can help with this. LeCroy tests all products before shipping and packages all products in containers designed to protect against reasonable

shock and vibration.

fications under normal use and service for a period of one year

from the date of shipment. Component products, replacement parts, and repairs are warranted for 90 days. This warranty ex-

tends only to the original purchaser. Software is thoroughly

tested, but is supplied "as is" with no warranty of any kind cov-

ering detailed performance. Accessory products not manufac-

tured by LeCroy are covered by the original equipment manu-

facturers warranty only.

In exercising this warranty, LeCroy will repair or, at its option,

replace any product returned to the Customer Service Depart-

ment or an authorized service facility within the warranty pe-

riod, provided that the warrantor’s examination discloses that

the product is defective due to workmanship or materials and

has not been caused by misuse, neglect, accident or abnormal

conditions or operations.

The purchaser is responsible for the transportation and insur-

ance charges arising from the return of products to the servicing

facility. LeCroy will return all in-warranty products with trans-

portation prepaid.

This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or im-

plied, including but not limited to any implied warranty of mer-

1-1

Page 9

General Information

chantability, fitness, or adequacy for any particular purpose or use. LeCroy shall not be liable for any special, incidental, or

consequential damages, whether in contract, or otherwise.

PRODUCT ASSISTANCE

MAINTENANCE AGREEMENTS

DOCUMENTATION

DISCREPANCIES

SOFTWARE LICENSING AGREEMENT

Answers to questions concerning installation, calibration, and use of LeCroy equipment are available from the SSD Customer Services Department, 700 Chestnut Ridge Road, Chestnut

Ridge, New York 10977-6499, (914) 578-6020, or your local field service office.

LeCroy offers a selection of customer support services. For example, Maintenance agreements provide extended warranty that

allows the customer to budget maintenance costs after the initial warranty has expired. Other services such as installation, training, on-site repair, and addition of engineering improvements are available through specific Supplemental Support Agreements.

Please contact the Customer Service Department or the local field service office for details.

LeCroy is committed to providing state-of-the-art instrumenta-

tion and is continually refining and improving the performance

of its products. While physical modifications can be imple-

mented quite rapidly, the corrected documentation frequently

requires more time to produce. Consequently, this manual may not agree in every detail with the accompanying product and the

schematics in the Service Documentation. There may be small discrepancies in the values of components for the purposes of

pulse shape, timing, offset, etc., and, occasionally, minor logic changes. Where any such inconsistencies exist, please be assured that the unit is correct and incorporates the most up-todate circuitry.

Software products are licensed for a single machine. Under this

license you may:

1-2

¯ Copy the software for backup or modification purposes in sup-

port of your use of the software on a single machine.

¯ Modify the software and/or merge it into another program for your use on a single machine.

¯ Transfer the software and the license to another party if the other party accepts the terms of this agreement and you relin-

Page 10

General Information 1

quish all copies, whether in printed or machine readable form, including all modified or merged versions.

SERVICE PROCEDURE Products requiring maintenance should be returned to an

authorized service facility. If under warranty, LeCroy will repair

or replace the product at no charge. The purchaser is only responsible for the transportation charges arising from return of the goods to the service facility.

For all LeCroy products in need of repair after the warranty period, the customer must provide a Purchase Order Number

before any inoperative equipment can be repaired or replaced. The customer will be billed for the parts and labor for the repair as well as for shipping.

All products returned for repair should be identified by the model and serial numbers and include a description of the defect or failure; name and phone number of the user. In the

case of products returned, a Return Authorization Number is required and may be obtained by contacting the Customer gerv-

ice Department in your area. New York Corporate Headquarters East Coast Regional Service New Hampshire Virginia

New Mexico California

(914) (914) (603)

(703) 368-1033 (505)

(415) 463-2600

425-2000 or 578-6059 627-6303

293-8100

1-3

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9100 SYSTEM

DESCRIPTION

9100, 9101, 9109

9100R

9100/CP

9100/SW

9100GPIB2

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

The LeCroy 9100 Series Arbitrary Function Generators (AFG) are high performance ATE or benchtop instruments which can

generate either standard or user-defined, complex waveforms with unparalleled point-to-point resolution. They are fully programmable via either GPIB or RS-232. Wavef6rm creation and editing software is offered for PC-DOS compatible computers.

The products in the 9100 Series are:

9100 high speed dual channel Arbitrary Function Generator 9101 high speed single channel Aribitrary Function Generator

9109 high speed dual channel Arbitrary Function Generator

with digital outputs.The common elements of the 9100 Series are described in the early chapters of this manual. Product spe-

cific information for the 9109 and 9101 is located in Chapter 7 and 8 respectively.

The 9100 Series instruments are part of a complete custom waveform generation system. The main products which support

this system are listed below. ARBITRARY FUNCTION GENERATOR MAINFRAME. This

is the basic mainframe unit. The standard unit is remotely programmable over GPIB. This unit has local control ONLY through use of the optional 9100/CP control panel.

9100 REAR PANEL CONNECTOR MAINFRAME. Same as

9100 except all signal input and output connectors are brought

to the rear panel.

9100 HAND-HELD CONTROL PANEL. This is the control

panel which adds local operation of all features of the 9100 with the exception of waveform file creation, editing and downloading. Metal brackets are included to allow control panel to be

free-standing or attached to side of the 9100 mainframe.

The EASYWAVE® Operating Manual covers the following products:

EASYWAVE SOFTWARE. An optional software package for PC-DOS compatible computers which provides easy waveform

creation and editing. This includes creating waveforms from a simple waveform element library, equations, tabular editing, or

direct acquisition from LeCroy Oscilloscopes. Without this package waveform files must be created on a host computer either with a text editor or a user written program and then downloaded either over GPIB or RS-232.

IBM PC COMPATIBLE GPIB CARD AND SOFTWARE. This GPIB card and driver software are required to run EASYWAVE

2-1

Page 12

Product Description

from an IBM XT/AT compatible. Manuals are included with this for detailed operation of GPIB without EASYWAVE.

Operation of the 9100 AFG via the EASYWAVE software package provides full capability without compromise. All waveforms

may be edited at any time and the 9100 can be operated via a

full-screen interface on the host IBM XT/AT.

NOTE: Waveform editing capability has not been provided in the 9100 Series mainframe.

Some applications may not need to have waveform creation or editing facilities on hand at all times. In these cases, after the waveforms have been created with EASYWAVE (or other user

supplied program) and downloaded to the AFG non-volatile RAM disk the host computer may be disconnected and the

AFG can be used as a "custom" waveform generator with all control accessible via the 9100/CP control panel.

Some users may need to use other host computers to operate

their test systems. In this case the basic waveform shapes needed for testing may be edited using EASYWAVE and downloaded into the 9100 or transferred to the test system host computer.

9100 WAVEFORM GENERATION CONCEPT

2-2

The 9100 is a signal source whose output voltage as a function of time .can be programmed via an array of data values and

various control settings. The instrument generates the waveform by sequentially steppir~g through the array and outputting a volt-

age proportional to each data value for a fixed time interval or sample period (point). Selecting or specifying the contents the data array are performed separately from entering the con-

trol settings commands so the user has a great deal of flexibility

in modifying a waveform without having to change its basic

shape (the waveform data array).

A simple way of thinking about the operation of an AFG is

shown in Figure 2.1. Basically, an oscillator clocks a counter

which in turn advances the address applied to a memory. The memory data value which is stored in the next sequential loca-

tion is then output to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC).

Finally the DAC converts the data value to an analog level. As

the counter steps through the memory addresses, the associated

data values are converted by the DAC. This results in a voltage waveform being output which is proportional to the data array

which resides in the memory.

Page 13

COUNTER

Product Description 2

SIMPLIFIED AFG

RAM

ADDRESS DATA

DAC

Figure 2.1

The 9100 can emulate standard types of generators without the use of a host computer to edit the data arrays. The available

standard waveforms are sine, square, triangle, ramp, pulse and DC.

WAVEFORM

OUTPUT

9100 ARCHITECTURE

The 9100 Series mainframe and CP is most easily visualized in

four main blocks (Figure 2.2):

1. RAM DISK

2. INSTRUMENT CONTROL

3. CONTROL PANEL

4. WAVEFORM GENERATOR CIRCUIT

2-3

Page 14

Product Description

BATTERIES

( REAR PANEL)

35OK BYTE

NON’VOLATILE

STORAGE

USER DEFINED:

¯ WAVEFORM FILES

SETUP FILES SEQUENCE FILES

RAM DISK

LeCroy

91001CP

r-, CI D I~ I’~

0 rZ_, 0 ,D ,_-I

, ~ I:l i’ll_ I=l 1:7

i_~ ,~ ~_ ~_ ,-,

,..~ I-, O. Ci ,-,

The RAM disk is used for storage of the waveform data arrays which are referred to as "waveform files". The RAM disk is

350Kbytes of non-volatile storage. All waveform files must be stored in the RAM disk before they (~an be loaded into the

waveform generator circuit.

~........................../

RS232 GPIS

REMOTE

CONTROL

INTERNAL BUS

Figure 2.2

EXT TRIG MANUAL TRIG

SUM EXT CLK

EXT REF

WAVEFORM

GENERATOR

CIRCUITS

CLK I OUT CLK2 OUT

8YNC

START

MARKER

CH I OU1

CH 2 OUT

BNC

CONN

B-IOI I

2-4

Depending on the size of the waveform files and the number that are needed on the RAM disk at any one time, all files may be kept on the RAM disk so they don’t have to be reloaded every time they need to be generated or when the unit is pow-

ered on. Other types of files are used for automating the setup of waveform data and waveform control settings, these are re-

ferred to as "sequence files" and "setup files". All standard file handling commands are available such as delete, directory, etc.

For summary of file handling commands see Chapter 5,

Page 15

Product Description 2

INSTRUMENT CONTROL

CONTROL PANEL

WAVEFORM GENERATOR CIRCUIT

All functions of the instrument are accessible remotely via either GPIB or RS-232. All details of operation over GPIB are located in Chapter 5 of this manual. The command syntax and

operation over GPIB and RS-232 are identical with a few exceptions outlined in the section covering RS-232.

Once arbitrary waveform files are transferred into the RAM disk via the GPIB interface or the RS-232, all other operations can

be controlled locally from the control panel. This includes loading waveforms from the RAM disk into the Waveform Generat-

ing Circuit, setting all waveform attributes and executing "sequence files" and "setup files" as well as accessing status sum-

maries. Operation of all standard functions are supported via the 9100/CP control panel. For complete instructions on operating via the control panel refer to Chapter 4.

This is the block which takes the waveform files and converts them into an analog waveform. Brief block diagrams are shown

in Figures 2.3 and 2.4. The five main subcircuits are the trigger, time base, waveform memory, digital-to-analog converter,

and signal conditioner. An understanding of some of the internal architecture will help

explain the response of the analog output to various combina-

tions of output amplitude and offset while in different operating

modes. Refer to the signal conditioning section of Figure 2.4. Under

ideal circumstances the 9100 will choose the post-amplifier attenuators to achieve the requested amplitude. This allows the am-

plifier to produce large swings. The post amp attenuators attenu-

ate all three aspects of the signal: the signal itself, the offset and

any background noise. To offer extra versatility, there are pre-

amplifier attenuators which may be selected in lieu of or in addition to the post-amplifier attenuators. The preamplifier atte-

nuators attenuate only the signal; any offset or background noise

of the amplifier is not attenuated. When using the preamplifier

attenuators to accommodate large offsets, the apparent Signalto-Noise ratio of the output may decrease slightly.

Amplitude always refers to the peak-to-peak swing at the output for a digital change of 255 counts in a waveform field. Offset is

the voltage level that will be output when a digital value equal to the ZREF level is generated by a waveform file. In the following

text ideal calibration of the analog circuits is assumed. In actual

9100 units, the internal calibration will create transitional points which may differ from the exact values discussed below. This is normal.

2-5

Page 16

Product Description

If there is a conflict in requested amplitude and offset settings, the 9100 always tries to achieve the requested amplitude in pref-

erence to the requested offset. A general guideline relating maximum offset to requested amplitude is that you can always

achieve an offset of between 8 and 16 times the requested amplitude as long as all points of the waveform are within the

4-5 V limitation (assuming a 50 12 load) of the output amplifier. To calculate the exact value of maximum offset achievable for a

given amplitude you first divide the requested amplitude into

10 V. This gives you the total attenuation factor that is re-

quired. If this value is less than 32 then the achievable output levels will be anywhere within the 4-5 V range. For attenuation

factors greater than or equal to 32, divide the required attenu-

ation factor by 32 and choose the next higher power of 2 than the result. For example, if the division yields a result of 11.32 the next higher power of 2 would be 16. This power of 2 is the

least amount of post-amplifier that will be utilized up to a maxi-

mum of 64 (2^6). The maximum achievable output level

4-5 V divided by post-amplifier attenuation.

In requesting an offset value you should be aware that any point

of the output waveform which exceeds the achievable output

levels due to the combination of amplitude, offset and ZREF

will generate an error message. A clipped or distorted output may also result from exceeding the maximum output levels.

NOTE: The amplifier will appear to operate, with reduced performance, for levels up to 125% of the calculated maximum

levels.

When the 9100 detects an output programming which exceeds the maximum levels an warning code of 202 is set into STB4 and bit 4 of STB7 (a warning) is set. The facts described above can be quickly understood with the following example. Start by

generating any convenient waveform with the 9100 and set the offset to 4.8 V and ZREF to 127.5. Set the amplitude to 10 V. Clearly the top half of the waveform is cutoff or clipped due to

the limitation of the amplifier and an error message has been

generated. Reduce the amplitude to 1 V. The output will appear correct since the amplifier has some usable range beyond the

5 V limitation described above, but an error message will again be generated. Further reduce the amplitude to 330 inV. At this point the offset to amplitude ratio is near the maximum achiev-

able value of 16.

A reduction in the requested amplitude to 300 mV requires additional post-amplifier attenuation. As a result, the 300 mV am-

plitude request will allow for only a 2.5 V offset even though the unit has been requested to generate a 4.8 V offset. An error

2-6

Page 17

Product Description 2

message will be generated. Also at this point the amplifier is being driven well above its 25% safety margin and the output is

fully saturated; no visible signal appears, only insufficient offset is perceived. The unit will not indicate the erroneous offset value if queried, but instead returns the requested offset value. If the requested amplitude is changed back to 330 mV, then the

9100 will again generate 4.8 V of offset. As a final example, if the requested amplitude is 40 mV, then the maximum achievable offset is 625 mV.

Similar concerns apply to attenuator selection when sum modes are utilized. When external sum mode is selected, the sum signal is injected at the input of the output amplifier. To avoid

attenuating the external sum signal, the 9100 chooses to use the

preamplifier attenuators in preference to the post-amplifier atte-

nuators. This tends to cause a slight reduction in signal-to-noise ratio. However, when the requested amplitude for the internal generated signal is less than 312 mV, some post-amplifier atte-

nuators are required. This causes the external portion of the summed signal to be attenuated.

NOTE: No error message is generated.

The 312 mV comes from the fact that the pre-amp attenuators

offer an attenuation factor of 16 and the fine gain control of

the Signal DAC offers a factor of 2 for a total attenuation of 32

without using the post-amplifier attenuators. 10 V divided by 32 equals 312.5 mV.

When the two channels are summed, the summing is dgne at the preamplifier point of the circuit. To be certain that the cor-

rect gain will be applied to each channel’s contribution to the summed’ signal you should verify that both channels’ amplitudes can be generated with the same amount of post-amplifier attenuation. This typically limits the ratio of the two channels’

amplitudes to a value between 16 and 32. A safe method is to limit the ratio of the two channels’ amplitudes to less than or

equal to 16. If this is not done, then the amplitude contribution of the lower amplitude channel will be greater than pro-

grammed.

2-7

Page 18

Product Description

EXT TRIG

INPUT

(MANUAL

EXT CLK I

INPUT

tN PUT

COMMAND

_1__

~..

I INPUT ~ I

sELEcT

, [ TRIG I z

TRIGGER

MASTER CLOCK

SYNTHESIZER -’

IMHz - 20OMHz

I 1

TI MEBASE

I CLKOUT, I

I O~TPOT I

~H ~1

OUTPUT

START

MASTER

CLOCK

GATE

STOP

END OF

WAVEFORM

CLK OUT 2

OUTPUT I

OUTPUT

]

GATED

v CLOCK

B-IOI2

2-8

Figure 2.3

Page 19

Product Description 2

Figure 2.4

2-9

Page 20

Product Description

LaCroy 9100 ARBITRARY FUNCTION GENERATOR

2-10

HAN I CHAN

¯ UM 1"2

I I Ill

B-1004

Figure 2.5

Page 21

FRONT PANEL CONTROLS,

CONNECTIONS AND INDICATORS

Product Description 2

[] Power Switch Rocker switch that turns AC power on or off.

LED above switch indicates power is on.

[] Manual Trigger Pushbutton: Will cause a single shot trig-

ger when pressed, if it is enabled via trigger source selection. If held down it will cause continuous triggers at a rate of about 2

per second.

[] Armed LED: Indicates trigger is armed, that is, if a trigger

is received on an enabled trigger source the waveform will be output. Meaningful only if 9100 is "in a triggered mode (not

free-running) and a waveform is active.

[] GPIB Status LED’s

STATUS LED’s

[] Waveform Output Status LED’s

Talk: Indicates 9100 is currently addressed to talk. Listen: Indicates 9100 is currently addressed to listen.

SRQ: Indicates 9100 is asserting SERVICE REQUEST.

[] Waveform Active LED: When lit, indicates waveform is

loaded and running.

[] CHAN 1 or CHAN 2 invert LED’s: The waveform for the

indicated channel is inverted if one of these is lit.

[] Self-Test Controls: The self-test is performed automatically

on power-up, and can be invoked at any other time by pressing

the pushbutton to the right of the self-test LED. The self-test

LED is lit when the Model 9100 is performing the self-test. If the self-test procedure identifies a fault the test-fault LED will

flash temporarily. If the test fault LED is lit steadily, it indicates that the 9100’s CPU has stopped functioning.

[] Battery Low LED: Indicates when the RAM disk back-up battery is low. When this LED is lit, the batteries should be replaced by an equivalent pair of 3 V lithium cells.

[] Local LED: When lit means the 9100 is being controlled

via the 9100/CP control panel or RS-232. When off, the 9100 is capable of responding to commands from GPIB. The 9100 is in the local state on power-up.

CHAN 1: Indicates waveform being output on Channel 1. When

blinking an overload has occurred. The overload can be cleared by enabling the channel’s output.

CHAN 2: Indicates waveform being output on Channel 2. When

2-11

Page 22

Product Description

blinking an overload has occurred.

SUM 1+2: Indicates that the 2 channels of a dual waveform are being summed and output on Channel 1 output. A flashing indi-

cation is caused by an overload on the External Sum input. An overload can be cleared by reasserting the Sum On command.

Input/Output Connectors

[] Keypad Connector: The cable from the 9100/CP plugs into

this connector.

[] CHAN 1 Waveform Output: BNC connector for Channel 1 output. Active when either CHAN 1 LED or SUM 1+2 LED is lit.

[] CHAN 2 Waveform Output: BNC connector for Channel 2 output. Only active when the CHAN 2 LED is lit.

[] SUM(CH 1): Input connector for summing an external analog signal in with the signal being generated on Channel 1. The external sum input must be enabled using the XSUM command or selection on the 9100/CP.

[] TRIGGER/GATE: External trigger or gate input connector. Acts as trigger or gate input depending on trigger mode selected.

[] MARKER: Timing pulse which can be programmed to be output in the range from 2 to 1 million clock cycles after receipt

of trigger. The marker output is functional only in Single, Burst,

or Recurrent trigger modes. Note that if the Marker delay is programmed for a number greater than the sum of the trigger

delay and the total number of points that will be output (includ-

ing segment repetitions, links, and waveform repetitions), no

Marker pulse will be generated. Also, at clock rates greater than

10 MHz, the width of the Marker pulse (nominally 100 nsec) may be reduced if it is positioned within 100 nsec of the last point generated.

2-12

[] START: Timing pulse which is output at the beginning of each iteration of the waveform.

[] SYNC: Is a pulse that occurs approximately 2 clock cycles after receipt of trigger and is synchronized to the selected clock

source.

Page 23

REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS AND CONTROLS

Product Description 2

[] Batteries: This compartment contains 2 Lith-

ium batteries for powering the RAM disk memory. The compartment door is easily opened for

battery replacement.

[] GPIB Connector: Standard IEEE-488

connector.

[] RS-232: 25 pin DIN (panel mounted fe-

male) connector.

[] GPIB Address Configuration Dip-switch:

The right-most 5 switches (bits) are used

set the address. Note the LSB is marked and is the rightmost bit. A switch in the up posi-

tion is a I and in the down position a 0. The sixth switch from the right is used to specify

whether the 9100 powers up with the GPIB or RS-232 as the default active interface. The last 2 switches are unused.

[] RS-232 Configuration Dip-switch:

This switch is used to set up the RS-232 parameters.

[] AC Power Connector: IEC type.

Figure 2.6

[] 115 V FUSE: Used only for 115 V

operation. 3A fuse required.

[] 220 V Fuse: Used only for 220 V

operation. 1.5A fuse required.

[] Line Voltage Selector Switch: This

switch should be properly set before in-

serting line cord into power receptacle. Upper position for 115 and lower posi-

tion for 220.

[] 9100R BNC Mounting Holes: In

the Model 9100 the blank holes are

covered with metal plugs. In the Model 9100R, the normal front panel signal BNC connectors are located here and a special front panel without connectors is

mounted.

2-13

Page 24

Product Description

[] CLOCK IN REF: A 4 MHz reference oscillator, amplitude

between 1 and 4 V p-p, may be used as the 9100 reference oscillator instead of the internal crystal. It is input here and the signal is AC coupled.

[] CLOCK IN EXT: The internal synthesizer may

be bypassed altogether and the 9100 can be driven by a clock signal that is input to this connector. This input is selected via

the CLOCK SOURCE command.

[] CLOCK OUT 1: Ungated clock output at the point rate for single channel waveforms, or twice the point rate for dual channel waveforms.

[] CLOCK OUT 2: Gated clock output for master-slave op-

eration.

2-14

Page 25

SPECIFICATIONS

WAVEFORM OUTPUTS Channels: 2

D.C. Accura.cy: 1.0% of level or 1.0% of Full Scale amplitude

or 20 mV (whichever is greater). Resolution: 8 bits (256 levels).

Dynamic Range: Single or dual channel - 8 bits; Channels summed - 9 or more bits, depending on wave shape, filtering,

offset requirements. Total Harmonic Distortion: < -50 dBc for output frequency of

1 MHz or less. < -35 dBc @ 10 MHz, Typically < -38 dBc @ 10 MHz for output levels < 5V p p

Spurious and non-harmonic distortion:

Intermodulation distortion: Two tone intermodulation (CHI:

10 MHz, 1 V p-p; CH2:10.25 MHz, 1 Vp p, summed

mode) typical -58 dBc 3rd order; -70 dBc 5th order.

Signal to Noise Ratio:

Full Scale Amplitude 75 mV or greater

30 mV 5 mV 25 dB

S/N specified at 0 V offset, sum mode off. Maximum Output Voltage: 10 V p-p (4- 5 V) into 50 11,

V p-p into high impedance. Minimum Output Voltage: 5 mV p-p into 50 fl.

Risetime: <5 nsec, 10% to 90% (no filter) Overshoot and Ringing: 5% of p-p amplitude, maximum; 3%

of p-p amplitude, typical Settling Time: 20 nsec to 3% for 5 V transition, including

risetime (filters off).

Offset: Individually programmable for each channel. Offset Resolution: < 6 mV steps Offset Accuracy: Same as D.C. accuracy

Product Description 2

<-65 dBc, f < 1 MHz <-60 dBc, f > 1 MHz

excluding the band within 1 kHz of carrier.

S/N

~45 dB

40 dB

2-15

Page 26

Product Description

STANDARD FUNCTIONS

(WAVEFORMS)

Maximum Offset Voltage: External Load: Max. Offset V: 50 n 4-5 V Open Circuit 4-10 V

Output Smoothing: Built-in filters with programmable cutoff

frequencies: bypassed, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 MHz; 18 riB/octave

(Bessel)

Crosstalk between channels: < I%

Ch I to Ch 2 Phase Accuracy:

Sinewave - Frequency Range: 0.01 Hz to 25 MHz

Frequency Resolution: 0.035%

Squarewave - Frequency Range: 0.01 Hz to 100 MHz

(50 MHz dual channel) Frequency Resolution: 0.035%

Triangle -

Pulse - (single channel only) Period: 40 nsec to 10 sec; Width: variable, 5 nsec to 10 sec (not to exceed period); Orientation: selectable, positive or negative going.

Ramp - Period: 40 nsec to 100 sec; Resolution: 0.035%; Linearity:--1-1%; Orientation: selectable, positive or negative going.

DC - Generates a D.C. level, the value of which is the offset level. Accuracy: the greater of 1% or 20 mV.

Frequency Range: 0.01 Hz to 25MHz Frequency Resolution: 0.035% Linearity: 4-1%

Internal Summing -I-.5 nsec Dual Outputs 4-1 nsec

TIME BASE (Clock Rate)

TRIGGER

Modes

2-16

Range: 5 nsec to 20 sec per point

Resolution: 0.035%

Accuracy: 5 ppm, at achievable set points, 230 C,

115 VAC/60 Hz, after 30 minute warmup

Stability: < 0.5 ppm/° C

Continuous: The generator runs continuously at the selected

frequency.

Page 27

Product Description 2

Recurrent: The waveform is cycled with a programmable delay of up to 1 million points (1/2 million in dual channel) between cycles. Number of waveforms per cycle is programmable up to 65,535.

Single: Upon receipt of a trigger, the selected waveform is generated only once. The start of the waveform can be delayed

from the trigger point by up to 1 million points (1/2 million in dual channel).

Burst: Upon receipt of a trigger, the selected waveform is generated the number of times set into the burst counter, up to

65,535. The start of the burst can be delayed up to 1 million

points (1/2 million in dual channel).

Gated (uses the trigger threshold): Uses a triggered start and stops at the completion of the current waveform cycle after the

gate closes.

External Trigger Threshold:

Source

Arm Source:

WAVEFORM MEMORY

Slope + or Range-4-2.5 V

Resolution 20 mV (8 bits)

Manual

External Bus

Auto - Automatically rearms itself.

Bus - Rearmed from the GPIB, RS-232 or the Control Panel.

Trigger sources and arm sources may be individually enabled or disabled.Internal triggering is automatically selected in continuous or recurrent trigger modes

Delay: Variable, from four to one million points (2 to 1/2 million in dual channel).

Fast Memory Length: Single Channel - 64 Kpoints; Dual Channel - 32 kpoints each channel.

Storage Memory Length (RAM Disk): > 350 Kpoints for waveforms, setup and sequence files.

RAM Disk to Fast Memory Load Rate: 250 msec +0.7 l~sec/ byte.

Front-panel button External trigger applied via a front panel BNC

Trigger from GPIB, RS-232 or Control Panel Control Panel Trigger Key

2-17

Page 28

Product Description

Battery back-up:>3 years (non-rechargable Lithium cells). Minimum Waveform Length: Nonlinked waveform segment, no

looping - 8 points (4 points for each channel in dual mode); linked waveforms - Single channel operation - 72 points, Dual

channel operation - 36 points for each channel. Waveform Length Resolution: Single channel operation - 8

point blocks, Dual channel operation - 4 point blocks. Waveform Loop Counter: One counter per linked waveform

maximum repetitions - 4095.

OUTPUTS:

Front Panel:

Rear Panel:

INPUTS

Front Panel

Protection: Waveform outputs are protected against applied voltages to 4-40 V. If an externally applied overvoltage condition is detected, the output relay is opened, the LED for that channel is flashed and, if enabled, an SRQ is generated on the

GPIB. The condition can be cleared by reconnecting the channel’s output.

Waveform Outputs - Output impedance, 50 12; All Timing Outputs - Output impedance, 50 12, source 1.5 V peak into 50 12, approximately 75 nsec duration.

Time Marker Output - Settable from two up to one million clock cycles, referenced to the trigger point.

Sync Output - Occurs at the next Sample Clock edge after receiving a trigger.

Waveform Start Output - Occurs at the start of the waveform.

Clock Outputs - 0 to -0.8 V into 50 12. Approximately a square wave. Present in all modes including External Clock.

Protection: The maximum input voltage level for all inputs

should not exceed 5 V.

External Gate/Trigger Input - Impedance: 50 12 Sum Input - Impedance: 50 12. Overload is indicated by flash-

ing Sum 1 + 2 LED. Gain: X 1, 4-5% for >350 mV full scale output ranges. Bandwidth: >80 MHz at 3 dB

Hand-Held Keypad (Control Panel) Input - DIN connector is provided for attaching the hand-held control panel and display.

Rear Panel

2-18

External Clock Input - When this input is selected, the inter-

nal clock is deselected and the waveform is generated using the

Page 29

Product Description 2

external clock. Impedance: 50 12 Threshold: Variable -4-2.5 V,

8 bits resolution.

External Reference Input: Selection of this input causes the internal clock to phase lock to it. It requires a 4 MHz signal

with 1 to 4 V p-p amplitude into 50 12, AC coupled.

2-19

Page 30

Product Description

FRONT-PANEL INDICATORS AND

CONTROLS Controls

Indicators

Power ON/OFF

Manual Trigger Button

Manual Self Test Button

Hand-held Control Panel (optional)

Power on LED - ON when power is applied to the instrument.

Trigger Armed LED - ON when awaiting a trigger signal. Waveform Output LED’s: Chan 1: ON when Channel 1 is

turned on; Chan 1 & 2: ON when Channel 1 is being summed with channel 2. Chan 2: ON when Channel 2 is turned on.

Waveform Active LED: ON when a waveform is being clocked out of the fast memory to one or both waveform outputs or if

the unit is armed and waiting for a trigger.

GPIB: Talk LED - ON when the instrument is in the talk

mode.

Listen LED - ON when the instrument is in the listen

mode.

SRQ LED - ON when the SRQ line is asserted and the

instrument is awaiting action from a GPIB controller.

Remote - This word is spelled out in the hand-held control panel display whenever the instrument is put into remote by a GPIB controller.

Local LED - Located with the keypad input connector, it indicates when the instrument is in the LOCAL mode

and the hand-held control panel is operative. When it

is not ON, the instrument is in the GPIB remote state.

Self Test LED - ON when a self test or calibrate is in progress.

Test Fault LED - Flashes for 10 seconds when a self test or

calibrate determines there is a fault or steady ON in the event of a microprocessor failure.

Battery Low LED - ON when the RAM Disk memory backup battery is too low.

Chan 1, Invert LED - ON when Ch 1 output is inverted. Chan 2, Invert LED - ON when Ch 2 output is inverted.

2-20

Page 31

REAR PANEL CONNECTORS AND SWITCHES

WAVEFORM CREATION AND EDITING

Product Description 2

Connectors: GPIB: IEEE 488-1978 compatible; RS-232 Port: DB 25 S Connector.

Switches: GPIB Address Switch; RS-232 Port Configuration Switch, Line voltage selector and fuses.

LeCroy’s EASYWAVE® software package is available for PCDOS compatible computers*. It provides for waveform creation

and editing in a menu driven environment. Waveform creation can be accomplished by any of the following methods:

1. Equation entry.

2. Selecting and combining simple waveform elements.

3. Waveforms can be acquired over the GPIB from LeCroy Oscilloscopes and then edited.

Editing may be accomplished as follows:

1. Modifying individual points from the keyboard.

2. Modifying the equation describing the waveform.

3. Deleting, moving and rescaling blocks of data.

* Minimum hardware configuration of host computer 640K

RAM, 10 Mbyte Hard Disk, Graphics (CGA,HGA, or EGA) Display.

Other GPIB Compatible Controllers: Waveforms can be created and edited on other controllers using user supplied software.

INSTRUMENT CONTROL

GENERAL

PC-DOS Compatibles: The same software package used for waveform editing also can be used for controlling the 9100.

Local Control Panel: Once the waveforms have been loaded to RAM Disk, an optional, detachable control panel with a four

line LCD display may be used for controlling the 9100. Other GPIB or RS-232 Compatible Controllers: Other com-

puters or terminals may be used to control the instrument using

the remote commands. GPIB Interface Functions: IEEE 488-1978 compatible. SH1,

AH1, T5, TE0, L3, LEO, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, DT1, CO GPIB DMA Rates: Typically >__200 kbytes/sec

RS-232C: Implemented as data communications Equipment

(DCE).

2-21

Page 32

Product Description

Baud Rates: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, and 9600. Data Bits: 7 or 8.

Stop Bits: 1 or 2. Parity: None, Even, or Odd.

Protocol: Full Duplex, Xon/Xoff (DC1/DC3) handshake,

Data Formats: #I Arbitrary length ASCII #L ASCII HEX "00" to "FF" (double the length of internally stored binary data files)

Commands: Full Conversational same as GPIB plus: RS_SRQ, Define character equivalent to SRQ in GPIB. Default is "Bell",

ESC commands ECHO on/off Trig remote/local Temperature Range: 15o C. to 35o C., full specification; 0° C.

to 40o C., operating. Humidity: 40o C., 10% to 95% relative, non-condensing. Power: 115/220 +/- 20% VAC,47-63 Hz. approximately

147 watts

Size: 5-1/4" H X 19" W X 15" D.

Weight: 26 lbs. (approximately).

STANDARD ACCESSORIES I each Operator’s Manual

ORDERING INFORMATION 9100

9100R 9101

9109

OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

EASYWAVE® is a trademark of LeCroy Corp IBM XT/AT® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp

2-22

9100/CP 9100/EC

9100/OM 9100/SM

9100/SW 9100/SP 9100/MM 9100/MM1

9100/MM2 9100/RT 9100 GPIB2

DC/GPIB-2

Dual Channel Arbitrary Function Generator Dual Channel Arbitrary Function Generator with

Rear Panel Connectors Single Channel Arbitrary Function GeneratOr

Dual Channel Arbitrary Function Generator with Digital Word Outputs

Detachable Hand-held Control Panel 6’ Extender Cable (Control Panel)

Operator’s Manual Service Manual

EASYWAVE Software Advanced Waveform Creation Software Waveform Memory Expansion - 1/2 Mbyte

Waveform Memory Expansion - 1 Mbyte Waveform Memory Expansion - 2 Mbyte Real-Time Waveform Selection GPIB Interface Card and Software (National Instruments PCII Card and GPIB-PC Software)

GPIB Cable, 2 meters

Page 33

PREPARATION FOR USE OPERATING

ENVIRONMENT

Voltage Selection and

Fuse Check

[OPERATIONS

The Model 9100 should be operated only within the following environmental limits:

Temperature: 15°C to 35° C, in spec;

0°C to 40° C, in operating. Humidity: 40° C, 10% to 95% relative, non-condensing. Specifications are rated from +15° C to +35° C.

The Model 9100 has been designed to operate from either a

115 V or 220 V nominal power source. On the rear panel of the instrument, a switch permits user selection of either voltage. Also on the rear panel, separate fuses are provided for each voltage.

Prior to powering up the Model 9100, make certain that the voltage selector switch is set to whichever of those two voltages

corresponds to the available power supply and that the fuse for that voltage is intact and properly installed.

CAUTION: The Model 9100 will fail to operate and could be

damaged if plugged into a voltage other than that which the voltage selector switch on the rear panel is set. Thus, correct

line voltage selection MUST be made before plugging the instrument in or turning it on.

Power Cable

GPIB Address Selection

The Model 9100 has been designed to operate from a single-phase power source with one of the current-carrying conductors (neutral conductor) at ground (earth) potential. Operation from power sources in which both current-carrying

conductors are live with respect to ground (such as phase-to-phase on a tri-phase system) is not recommended.

The instrument is provided with a three-wire electrical cable containing a three-terminal polarized plug for line voltage and safety ground connection. The plug’s ground terminal is

connected directly to the frame of the unit. For adequate protection against electrical hazard, this plug must be inserted

into a mating outlet containing a safety ground contact.

The Model 9100’s 8-segment GPIB address switch is located on the instrument’s rear panel. Segments 1 and 2 are unused.

Segment 3 selects the communication source. A "1" selects

GPIB and "0" selects RS-232.

3-1

Page 34

Operations

Segments 4 through 8 on the switch are used for GPIB address selection as shown in Figure 3.1.

1 = GPIB, 0 = RS-232

GPIB Address

O OOOOOO 0 o

16 8 4 2 1 Binary Equivalent For Example:

0 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 0 0 1 = 1 The default address

1 0 0 0 1 = 17 Typical Address 1 1 1 1 1 = 31 automatically defaults to 1

Valid Addresses are 1 through 30

Not a valid address automatically defaults to 1

Not a valid address

RS-232 Switch Setup

Power-On Procedure

3-2

Figure 3.1

GPIB Selection and Addresses

Refer to Chapter 6.

As described in the preceding sections, the first steps in operating the Model 9100 is to be sure that it is properly

connected to line power, that it is properly fused, and that the selector switch on the rear panel is set to the same voltage as line power.

Once those steps are complete, press the power switch (in the

upper right corner of the front panel) to the ON position. The LED above that switch will light to indicate that power is on.

Also on will be the SELF-TEST light in the STATUS rectangle to the left of the power switch. This light indicates that the

instrument is undergoing calibration, which is part of self-test. When the calibration is complete the self-test LED will no longer be lit.

Page 35

Operations

NOTE: It is normal for all front-panel lights to flash on prior to self-test.

After calibration, the instrument initializes all control settings, which takes several seconds. During this time the LOCAL LED

will be on. The remote interfaces are ignored until initialization is complete, to avoid any possible conflicts. After initialization

the message "LECROY 9100" appears on the 9100/CP, if it is attached. If a GPIB controller places the instrument in the

REMOTE state during initialization, this will be recognized at

the end of initialization. If the communications source is

RS-232, a prompt "AFG\>" is sent over RS-232 at the end of

initialization. The instrument is now ready to use in its power-up mode. All

instrument settings will be at their default values and only the POWER and LOCAL LED’s will remain lit (the Model 9100 powers up in LOCAL mode, which means it is at that point set

to be controlled by the 9100/CP). When settings are changed to meet the needs of specific

operations, and/or if appropriate commands are given to invoke REMOTE (computer) control of the instrument, different

front-panel LED’s will light up accordingly.

OPERATING THE 9100

STANDARD FUNCTIONS

In the following sections the general format of remote commands will be given to show how certain operations are

invoked. The argument descriptor will often be shown as the argument name or explanation enclosed in angular brackets. For example:

Command: CLOCK_PERIOD,<desired period>;

The type of argument is not to be entered literally when the command is used. The angular brackets and text enclosed

should be replaced by the properly formatted argument in

accordance with the rules specified in Chapter 5. The argument

is typically a number with a unit appended to it with no embedded spaces.

All commands except for those that transfer files into and out of the 9100 can also be given using the 9100/CP via its

menu-driven command entry. See Chapter 4 for the 9100/CP menu description.

Standard functions may be generated with the 9100 using the 9100/CP or by command over the bus without loading or using any waveform files. The standard function modes completely

emulate the usual function generator operation by automatically generating the waveforms needed in the waveform memory. In

3-3

Page 36

Operations

all these modes the user simply enters the parameters needed

(for example, frequency and phase for sine generation) and the

rest is done automatically. The standard functions are accessed under the FUNC main

menu key on the 9100/CP. For detailed instructions on the menu driven operation of the standard functions see Chapter 4.

To operate standard functions under remote control, first send the command which forces the 9100 into the particular standard

function mode (a single word command which is usually the name of the function, e.g., sine, pulse, ..) and then give the

GO command. The function will then be output. For a detailed explanation of the operation of all related commands see

Chapter 5.

Listed below are the commands for setting up dual channel

I MHz sine waves with 20° phase difference between Channel 1

and Channel 2, SINE;

SINE_MODE,DUAL; SINE FREQUENCY, 1MHZ; SINE_CH2_PHASE,20;

In standard function modes the clock is set automatically and cannot be controlled independently as with arbitrary functions.

For this reason all clock related commands are disabled when in a standard function mode. When using a 9100/CP, if an

external clock reference is needed in standard function mode it must be selected when in arbitrary mode and then it will be

active when using standard functions. It cannot be selected when in standard mode.

ARBITRARY WAVEFORMS AND FILE CONVENTIONS

3-4

The LeCroy EASYWAVE software running on an IBM XT/AT computer is the recommended method of creating and

transferring arbitrary waveform files to the 9100. The next section carefully explains how to format and transfer waveform

files to the 9100, and Chapter 5 summarizes all the commands

and formats used. All arbitrary waveforms are handled as files in the 9100. Once the files exist on the 9100 RAM disk all control can be accomplished via the 9100/CP control panel.

All files in the AFG have an extension which is necessary and significant. Below is a summary of the different types of files

you will encounter. The file name, represented by xxxxxxxx, is the alphanumeric name that the user gives when creating the

file.

Page 37

Defining an Arbitrary

Waveform in Terms

of a Waveform File

Operations

xxxxxxxx.WAV - SINGLE CHANNEL WAVEFORM FILE Contains the data to generate a single channel waveform. May

only be output on Channel 1. xxxxxxxx.WAD - DUAL CHANNEL WAVEFORM FILE

Contains the data to generate a dual channel waveform. xxxxxxxx.SET - SETTINGS FILE Used to automatically

establish all settings of the 9100 in conjunction with the SETUP command. The LEARN command automatically generates a setup file.

xxxxxxxx.SEQ - SEQUENCE FILE Used to contain a sequence of 9100 commands that may be executed

automatically by giving the SEQUENCE command. This command is most necessary when defining a complex waveform

using the LINK command.

Two types of waveform file formats are used by the 9100, one

for single channel waveforms and one for dual channel

waveforms. Both single channel and dual channel waveform files

contain a single sequence of bytes which define the waveform data array to be generated. The bytes should be UNSIGNED, in other words range from 0 to 255. In general, when you calculate your waveform using your computer you will probably

be using floating point numbers to represent the voltage values

which you wish to generate. In order to convert these into 8-bit waveform data values and maintain the maximum amplitude

resolution you should, in most cases, scale your waveform so that the minimum value corresponds to 0 and your maximum value corresponds to 255.

The basic constraints on the waveform files are:

1. The maximum number of bytes is 65536.

2. The number of bytes must be a multiple of 8. This is due to a hardware constraint in the waveform memory.

The number of bytes must be greater than or equal to 8 for

3. a waveform file that will not be "linked" with other

waveform files when loaded into the WAVEFORM GENERATOR CIRCUIT from the RAM DISK. (See page

3-9, for an explanation of waveform file linking.)

4. The number of bytes must be greater than or equal to 72 for a single-channel waveform file that will be "linked" with other single channel waveform files. Dual channel files that are to be linked must contain at least 36 bytes per channel.

3-5

Page 38

Operations

TRANSFERRING WAVEFORM DATA FILES INTO THE

AFG RAM DISK VIA GPIB

NOTE: If you are using the EASYWAVE Program to create and

NOTE: The extension on the waveform is significant and lets the 9100 know what type of waveform will be contained in the

file. Filename represents the name by which you will refer to

5, Minimum data value is 0,

Maximum data value is 255.The single channel waveform file simply contains a series of bytes in the exact order in which you want them to be generated. The single channel waveform will

always be output on Channel 1. The format is given below where the index specifies the interval (point in time) during

which that value will be generated. The waveform file contains N data bytes.

a(1) a(2), a(3) a(4) a(5) a(6) ...........

The dual channel waveform file consists of interleaved pairs of data values which will be routed to Channel l(a) and Channel

2(b). Below we designate bytes for Channel 1 as a and bytes for Channel 2 as b and the index specifies the interval during which

that value will be generated starting with 1. This waveform file contains 2N data bytes and when run will result in N points being output on channel 1 and N points being output on Channel 2.a(1)

a(2) b(1) b(2) a(3) a(4) b(3) a(N-1) a(N)b(N-1)

load your waveform files, you may skip this section.

After you have defined the data array which will become your waveform file, you need to transfer it to the 9100. We do this with the STORE command.

First send the command to transfer the file. For single channel waveforms: STORE filename.wav For dual channel waveforms~ STORE filename.wad

the waveform file.

Next, send the file. The stream of bytes that you send consists of either a single block of bytes or a series of blocks. If the file is being sent in multiple blocks EOI must be asserted only with

the last byte of the last block to indicate the end of the file. The waveform files may be transferred to the 9100 in either of

two block formats; binary (called #A format) or hex-ASCII

(called #L format). Each individual block consists of a block

3-6

Page 39

Operations

preamble, a count (the number of data bytes in #A and the number of data values in the #L case). Below are the block

formats for the binary and hex ASCII file block transfers. In

the table, each row corresponds to a byte sent over the GPIB to the 9100.

3-7

Page 40

Operations

FOR BINARY TRANSFER:

Byte Number

2 3

4 5 6

N+4 <data byte N> (with EOI, if last block)**

* Data byte count is an unsigned integer which in this case equals N. It contains the number of bytes being transferred in the block. In this binary representation there is 1 data value per

byte.

**EOI, if sent, must be sent with the last byte. EOI terminates

the file transfer. If EOI is not sent, the 9100 will accept another block as part of the same file. The last block of a file transfer

must be sent with EOI on the last byte.

Byte Value

# A (ASCII uppercase A)

<data byte count, most significant byte>*

<data byte count, least significant byte>*

(ASCII #)

FOR HEX ASCII TRANSFER:

3-8

Byte Number

2 3 4 5

6 7

9 10

2N+5

2N+6 <lsb hex digit of data byte N> (with EOI,

* Value count is the number of data bytes you are sending over in this block. In this hex ascii representation there are 2 bytes per data value.

Byte Value

<value count, 4th hex digit, most significant >* <value count, 3rd hex digit>*

<value count, 2nd hex digit>* <value count, ist hex digit, least significant>*

<msb hex digit of data byte N> if no last block)

(ASCII .#) (ASCII uppercase L)

Page 41

Operations

**EOI, if sent, must be sent with the last byte. EOI terminates

the file transfer. If EOI is not sent, the 9100 will accept another

block as part of the same file. The last block of a file transfer

must be sent with EOI on the last byte.

NOTE: When transferring files over the RS-232 interface, the last byte must be followed by the character defined by

COMM RS CONF as simulting EOI; see Chapter 6.

LOADING THE WAVEFORM FILES FROM RAM DISK

INTO THE WAVEFORM

GENERATOR CIRCUIT The simplest type of waveform that we can generate is based on

a single waveform file. To generate the waveform described by a single waveform file, simply load it and go by issuing the

following commands:

LOAD filename.ext; GO;

Where ext is either WAV or WAD, if single or dual channel respectively.

NOTE: The commands shown in this screen are remote

commands valid over GPIB or RS-232. All functions are also

accessible from the 9100/CP. Operation with the 9100/CP is

covered in Chapter 4.

If you are using only simple waveforms composed of single

waveform file, skip the rest of this section of the operation procedure. The procedure for building up more complicated

waveforms which utilize the linking and looping capabilities of

the 9100 will now be described.

The waveform data memory length of the 9100 is 64 Kbytes. This means that if you are using only a single waveform file the

upper limit on a single channel waveform is 64 Kpoints and for

a dual channel waveform is 32 Kpoints per channel. The 9100 provides a way to effectively generate much longer waveforms if

any parts of the waveform are repetitive in nature. You may link together waveform files when loading into the

waveform memory to define what can be thought of as a waveform program. Lets look at an example. Suppose you want

to generate the waveform shown in Figure 3.2. It consists of several pieces each of which are repeated several times:

3-9

Page 42

Operations

1 sine cycle I DC section

4 since cyles 2 DC sections

2 Gaussian pulses 6 DC sections

WA VEFORM LINKING

(SF.OJZ~.E_EU.E)

WA VEFORM

LOAD. SINE LINK - T COMP

-"LINK - SINE

IF--LINK- r COMP

IIr"-LINK-aAus

I[I ILINK - T COMP

You could simply generate a single data file which contained all the data as a single array or we provide another method which

will use less waveform memory. We may define three waveform files as follows:

REPETITIONS

Figure 3.2

SINE L

T COMP - OV (10 POINTS)

GAU~L,_

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Operations

GAUS.WAV SINE.WAV

T.WAV We can then load the waveform using the following sequence of

commands:

LOAD SINE.WAV, 1; LINK TCOMP.WAV, 1;

LINK SINE.WAV,4; LINK TCOMP.WAV,2;

LINK GAUS.WAV,2; LINK TCOMP.WAV,6;

GO; (when you want to start it running)

The load command always comes first and tells the 9100 that we are loading a new waveform into the waveform memory. In

this waveform the 9100 will generate one repetition of

SINE.WAV, then one repetition of TCOMP.WAV, then four repetitions of SINE.WAV, then two repetitions of

TCOMP.WAV, then two repetitions of GAUS.WAV, and finally

six repetitions of TCOMP.WAV. When the waveform is loaded in this manner, as a multi-file waveform, the amount of

waveform data memory used is conserved since each unique file has to reside in the waveform memory only once. Therefore, the amount of waveform memory used by this waveform is the sum only of the number of data values in the three files.

Main constraints in making linked waveforms:

1. Minimum size of each file must be 72 bytes, as opposed to 8 for a single file waveform.

2. A Maximum of 1 Load + 681 sequential Link commands can be used to generate a linked waveform.

3. The maximum number for the repetition argument in the load or link is 4095.

The LINK command also accepts an additional argument. The purpose of this argument is to permit each trigger cause output

of different waveform segments. The format of the command is:

LINK argl [arg2] [arg3];

where optional items are contained in brackets, and items to be replaced are in lower case.

argl: filename to link, with extension, such as A.WAD. arg2: Number between 1 and 4095, inclusive, representing the

segment repetition count. Default if not present is 1.

contains 1 Gaussian pulse contains 1 cycle of a sine wave

contains a constant data array

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Operations

arg3: WAIT.

The "WAIT" argument, if present, tells the 9100 Series AFG to wait for trigger before executing this segment. More precisely, it

tells the AFG to act as if the entire waveform ended with the

segment before this one, and this segment is the first one in the next waveform repetition. A detailed discussion of the effect of

this argument will be found under "Specifying the Trigger Mode", page 3-15.

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Page 45

CONTROL SETTINGS SUMMARY

(amplitude, clock ....

Operations

Specifying the 9100 control settings gives the user control over

the various waveform characteristics. All attributes can be

controlled from the Control Panel as well as by GPIB commands. The values of the settings determine when a

particular waveform data point will be output and at what voltage level. The settings can be grouped into the following

major categories shown below.

Channel Parameter Settings

Timebase Settings

Trigger Settings

Settings which control the signal conditioning applied to the Channel 1 and Channel 2 signals.

CH1 AMPLITUDE CH2 AMPLITUDE CH 1-OFFSET CH1 ZERO REF

CH 1-FILTER CH2-FILTE-R CH I_INVERT

CH1 OUTPUT EXTERNAL SUM

SUM_MODI~

Settings that affect the main clock, which determines the data point period (i.e., determines rate at which the waveform is output).

CLOCK_RATE CLOCK_PERIOD CLOCK_SOURCE CLOCK_REFERENCE

CLOCK_LEVEL CLOCK_MODE CLOCK_SLOPE

Settings that affect when and how the waveform is triggered.

TRIG_MODE TRIGDELAY

TRIG SOURCE

TRIG ARM SOURCE TRIG-SLOP-’E

TRIG LEVEL MARKER DELAY

DELAY_I~ODE

A detailed explanation of every command is contained in the command reference in Chapter 5.

CH2-OFFSET CH2 ZERO REF

CH2 INVERT CH2-OUTPUT

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Operations

SPECIFYING HOW THE

DATA VALUES ARE

CONVERTED TO

VOLTAGE LEVELS AMPLITUDE, OFFSET AND ZERO REF determine the output

voltage as a function of data point vaiue, V(n) where n is the data point value.

NOTE: All voltages are for the output terminated in 50 £). If the output load is a high impedance, then all voltages at the

output will be 2 × higher than set.

The AMPLITUDE command sets the full scale voltage range, that is, the voltage swing obtained when the data point value

changes from 0 to 255. For example the commands to set both channel amplitudes to 2.3 V would be:

CH1 AMPLITUDE 2.3V;

CH2 AMPLITUDE 2.3V;

ZERO REF sets the data point value whose output voltage does not change when the amplitude is changed (think of it as the

fixed point or baseline). This is also the data point value which when output from the AFG will correspond to the offset voltage.

This value must fall between 0 and 255 but need not be constrained only to integer values (127.5 is a valid value and is

the default value for this parameter). The commands to set zero_ref to 0 (for unipolar positive operation) are:

CH1 ZERO REF 0; CH2 ZERO REF 0;

For unipolar positive operation zref is typically set to 0. For

unipolar negative operation zref is typically set to 255.

NOTE: For an autoscaled waveform (i.e., one that is normalized so that the maximum value is 255 and minimum is

O) to be generated symmetrically about 0 V ZREF should be set to 127.5, and the offset should be set to 0 V.

OFFSET sets the output voltage obtained when the data point value is equal to zref. The following commands set the offset on channel 1 to 1 V and the offset on channel 2 to 2 V.

CH1 OFFSET 1V; CH2 OFFSET 2V;

To summarize:

V(n=zref) = Voffset V(255) - V(0) = Vamplitude

so for a general data point value n:

V(n) = Voffset + Vamplitude*(n-zref)/255

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Page 47

SPECIFYING THE TIME PER POINT

SPECIFYING THE TRIGGER MODE

Operations

Where

V(n) is the voltage output for data value n. n is the waveform data value between 0 and 255. Voffset is the programmed offset voltage. Vamplitude is the selected

amplitude voltage. Zref is the selected zero reference point.

The clock period attribute controls the amount of time each

waveform point is output. CLOCK_PERIOD < time value with optional units>;

The TRIG_MODE specifies the overall running mode of the waveform. The 9100 has five different trigger modes:

1. Continuous - On receipt of the GO command the generator

outputs the loaded waveform. When it reaches the end of the waveform it immediately starts over at the beginning with no

interruption between the last point and the first point. The generator will continue to cycle the loaded waveform until receipt of an ABORT or STOP. A pulse will be output from the

START output at the beginning of each cycle. The SYNC and MARKER outputs are not available in this mode.

COMMAND: TRIG MODE CONTINUOUS;

2. Single (triggered) - This is a single sweep triggered mode. In general, for each receipt of a trigger the generator will

output one sweep of the loaded waveform. a GO command the generator waits for an ARM command

(if ARM SOURCE=BUS) before it proceeds. Usually (and by default) ARM SOURCE=AUTO, in which case no ARM is needed. It the~ waits for receipt of a trigger from any

one of the enabled sources. While waiting for a trigger, the first data point in the waveform is being output. Upon

receipt of a trigger a pulse is output from the SYNC connector (the output is actually issued on the 2nd positive clock edge after receipt of trigger). Then the generator waits

a programmed number of clock cycles called the TRIG DELAY. At the end of the TRIG_DELAY a pulse is

generated at the START output on the front panel. The

generator then outputs the loaded waveform and stops

output, holding the last point if ARM SOURCE=BUS. In

this case, the output will remain at th~ last point until an

ARM command is received. After the ARM command is

detected, the output changes to the first point of the

waveform, and remains in that state until a trigger is

On receipt of

3-15

Page 48

Operations

received. If, however, ARM SOURCE=AUTO (the default condition), the last point wilt only be held for the rearm

time, and then the output will switch back to the first point

automatically, and the unit will be ready to accept a trigger. Command: TRIG MODE SINGLE;

3. Burst (triggered) - This is a multiple sweep triggered mode. It operates identically to the SINGLE mode except that it will

output the programmed number of sweeps of the waveform instead of just a single sweep.

Command: TRIG MODE BURST,<number of sweeps>;

4. Recurrent - This is basically a BURST mode with automatic retriggering. It is a free running mode, not a triggered mode.

When the GO command is given in this mode the waveform will be cycled until an ABORT or STOP is received. Although it is free running it is identical in operation to the Burst mode with two exceptions: (1) no trigger is needed to initiate the

waveform, and (2) the generator is automatically rearmed and retriggered after every BURST of waveform sweeps.

Command: TRIG_MODE RECURRENT,<sweeps/cycle>

5. Gate - Gate is a combination of the triggered modes and the

continuous mode. The starting of the waveform is identical to the triggered modes. The waveform then cycles in a manner

similar to Continuous. When the external GATE input becomes inactive the generator will complete the current sweep of the

waveform, stop output, rearm and await the next transition of the Gate input to the active state. The ARM feature is not active (always set to ARM_SOURCE=AUTO).

Command: TRIGMODE GATE

The "WAIT"argument, if appended to a LINK command, tells the 9100 Series AFG to wait for trigger before executing the

segment. More precisely, it tells the AFG to act as if the entire

waveform ended with the segment before this one, and this segment is the first one in the next waveform repetition. This

provides interesting effects, depending on which trigger mode is

selected. It is meant to be used in single trigger mode. The effects are as follows:

Trigger Mode (TMOD): Effect Single: A new trigger is required to generate each segment (or

group of segments beginning with one) which has been linked with "wait". For example, consider:

3-16

LOAD A.WAV,1; LINK B.WAV,2, WAIT; LINK C.WAV,2,; LINK D.WAV, 3, WAIT;

Page 49

Operations

The first trigger will generate only A.WAV once, because

B.WAV was linked with "wait". The second trigger will generate two repetitions of B.WAV and two repetitions of C.WAV, because C.WAV was linked without "wait". The third trigger

will generate three repetitions of D.WAV. Each trigger generates

appropriate timing outputs: SYNC, START and MARKER, if possible. The programmed trigger delay occurs following each

trigger.

Continuous: The generated waveform is not affected by links with wait, since continuous mode never waits for trigger.

However, a START pulse is generated at each end-of-waveform

mark, i.e., at the beginning of each segment linked with "wait"

as well as at the beginning of the first (LOADed) segment.

Given the example above, a START pulse would be generated

at the beginning of A.WAV and at the beginning of B.WAV’s

first repetition and at the beginning of D.WAV’s first repetition.

The programmed trigger delay has no effect as usual.

Gated: In this mode, waveform generation is halted at the first

end-of-waveform after the GATE signal goes false. Each link

with "wait" introduces an end-of-waveform mark. Thus, to

continue the example above, in gate mode generation may stop

just before A.WAV (as normal), or before B.WAV’s first

repetition or before D.WAV’s first repetition, whichever comes

first after the gate goes false. When the gate goes true again, output will begin with the appropriate segment, either A.WAV

or B.WAV or D.WAV, after the programmed trigger delay.

Burst: Burst is very similar to single, except single stops at every end-of-wave, while burst counts the specified number of

end-of-waves and then stops. So, using the example from

"single" mode once gain, in TMOD BURST, 3 each trigger would cause the 9100 to wait the programmed trigger delay and then produce A.WAV followed by two repetitions of B.WAV, two repetitions of C.WAV and three repetitions of D.WAV. The

three end-of-waveform marks are just before B.WAV, just before D.WAV and just before A.WAV.

TMOD BURST, 1 is exactly equivalent to single trigger mode,

see above. An interesting mode is to give a burst count that is

neither 1 nor the number of end-of-wave markers in the

waveform. For example, TMOD BURST 2 would cause

A.WAV, B.WAV and C.WAV to be produced by the first

trigger (following GO); D.WAV and A.WAV to be produced

the second trigger; B.WAV, C.WAV and D.WAV to be

produced by the third trigger, etc.

3-17

Page 50

Operations

TIMING OUTPUT SIGNAL

RELATIONSHIPS

Recurrent: Recurrent is the same as burst, with an automatic

trigger immediately occurring whenever the system waits for trigger.

In summary, in single trigger mode this feature permits the 9100 to produce a sequence of different waveforms in response to a

series of asynchronous external triggers, with as little as 70 nsec delay from trigger to the next waveform. The trigger may also

be supplied by the TRIG command, but the response will be slower. In either case, the response is much faster than could be

achieved if a sequence of LOAD and LINK commands had to be executed to change the waveform. In other trigger modes, other possibly useful effects are obtained.

The following description of timing relationships details the operation of the SYNC, START and MARKER outputs, how they relate to the waveform output(s), and how they change

with the selected triggering mode. For purposes of this

discussion, the unit of timing will be the waveform point (i.e., clock period), in order to provide an understanding of how the

timing of these signals may vary with the clock. At high clock

rates (in excess of 10 MHz), the signal timing may appear somewhat different due to asynchronous (e.g., propagation) delays. Unless otherwise noted, MARKER output timing is the

same as START output timing, but is programmed using the MARKER DELAY command rather than the TRIGGER DELAY command. Timing will also vary depending on whether

a single-channel or dual-channel waveform is being ger~erated. Delay values for dual-channel operation will be given in

parentheses 0 following the single-channel value.

Single - After the GO command is issued, the first point(s) the waveform will be present at the analog output(s). The AFG then waits for a trigger from any enabled source. The first trigger received will be synchronized to the generator’s internal clock, and a SYNC pulse will be output. The actual time from

the recognition of a trigger to the SYNC output will vary from one trigger to the next because of the synchronization process. The START pulse occurs [TRIGGER DELAY - 2 (I)] points

after the SYNC. The synchronization delay is also included in

the TRIGGER DELAY, so that the actual time from a trigger to the START will never be longer than the programmed delay

value, but may be shorter by I (1/2) point. In any event, the START pulse occurs i point before the analog output(s) makes

the transition from the first point to the second. At the end of the waveform, if the auto-arm function is enabled (the default

condition), the last point of the waveform is held for 10 (5 I/2)

3-18

Page 51

Operations

points. If bus arming is selected, then the last point is held until

9 (4 1/2) points after the arm command is received. This is the

trigger re-arm time, following which the analog output(s) returns to the first point of the waveform and the unit awaits the next

trigger. Figure 3.4 shows an overview of single trigger mode timing relationships. A more detailed view is shown in Figure

3.8. Burst - Same as for single mode. See Figure 3.5. Continuous - The SYNC and MARKER outputs are generated

once in response to the GO command. Their relationship to the waveform output(s) is the same as in single mode. The START

pulse is actually generated near the end of any given waveform cycle (which, given the nature of continuous operation, roughly corresponds to the beginning of the next cycle). The absolute

timing from the START output to the first waveform point will vary depending on the number of points contained in the

waveform file. Since the intent of the START pulse in this mode is merely as a convenient triggering signal for an oscilloscope, the exact timing relationship is non-critical. See Figure 3.3.

Gated - In this mode, the GO command again puts the first point(s) of the waveform at the analog output(s). The and MARKER outputs are generated in response to the gate signal’s transition from the "closed" state to the "open" state

(as determined by the TRIGGER SLOPE and TRIGGER

LEVEL settings), in the same manner as in single trigger mode. Transitions on the analog output are delayed by TRIGGER

DELAY, as in single mode. The START pulses are generated

near the end of each cycle within the gate signal’s active interval

as in continuous mode. The number of repetitions is determined

by the duration of the true state of the gate input, and one

START pulse will occur for each repetition. The waveform will continue to its natural completion after the gate "closes", and

the analog output(s) will make the transition from the last point back to the first point after the trigger re-arm time of 9 (4 1/2) points. The AFG then waits for the next transition of the gate signal. See Figure 3.7 for an overview of timing relationships in

gate mode.

Recurrent - In recurrent mode, trigger delay is defined as the

time from the end of the natural duration of the last point of

one occurrence of the waveform (i.e., 1 clock period after the

transition to the last point) to the beginning of the natural

duration of the first point of the next occurrence (i.e., 1 cycle

before the transition to the second point). Our discussion of this

operating mode will therefore commence with the end of a

3-19

Page 52

Operations

waveform occurrence. The last point is held for its normal duration plus 9 (4 i/2)) points while the trigger re-arms.

output(s) then make makes the transition to the first point. The SYNC output occurs 15 (8) points after the transition to the last point (i.e., 14 (’7) points after the last point’s normal duration).

The START pulse occurs TRIGGER DELAY points after the normal duration of the last point (or TRIGGER DELAY +

points after the transition to the last point). The first point of the waveform is held for one period after the leading edge of the START pulse. Figure 3.6 shows an overview of recurrent mode timing. More detail in shown in Figure 3.9.

3-20

Page 53

Operations

CONTINUOUS MODE OPERATION

This mode is used to loop on the programmed wavelorm in a continuous and uninternJptecl manner (i.e., the first point is generated immediately after the last point. For example, this mode would be used to generate a continuous wave sine).

CH 1 OUTPUT

OH,,,°,,,HIO,.,OOOO..

START 0 I~’.PU.T .............. ~.

SYNC OUTPUT

MARKER OUTPUT

NOT USED IN CONTINUOUS

Figure 3.3

3-21

Page 54

Operations

In this mode each trigger causes a single repetition of the programmed wavelorm to be generated. Initial and final output

TRIGGERED SINGLE MODE OPERATION

levels are set by first and tast points of waveform resr~ively,

CH 1 OUTPUT

WAILING FOR TRIGGER

HOLDING FF~’I POINI J .............................................................

WAVff--I~M

w.,~ ~ ARM ~ .OMM’ANO

!HQ,I~NG LAS’T POIN IN WAVE

i AUTO ARM

ff____~ COMMAND

Js/~

~ WAITING FORIRI~ER

TRIGGER INPUT

SYNC OUTPUT:: N

START OUTPUT

MARKER OUTPUT :

3-22

Figure 3.4

Page 55

Operations

TRIGGERED BURST MODE OPERATION

In this mode each trigger causes a set number of repetitions of the programmed waveform to be generated (3 in the example

below), initial and final output levels are set by first and last points of waveform respectively.

CH 1 OUTPUT

WANING FOR Ir’dGGER

HOLD FIF¢S’[ POINT IN WAVE

3 CYCLES OF Pf’~X;PAMMGD WAVE FOI’~V,S

TRIGGER INPUT

SYNC OUTPUT

START OUTPUT

MARKER OUTPUT

:1-1 , n

MARKER DELAY

Figure 3.5

3-23

Page 56

Operations

RECURRENT MODE OPERATION

A free running auto-triggered mode. The end of one cycle of the programmed waveform synchronously triggers the next cycle. In this mode, a programmable trigger delay separates the cycles. By changing the trigger delay the rop rate can be varied independent of the clock rate thus keeping the shape constant. Note that the trigger delay time includes the auto arm

interval, All timing outputs are available in this mode,

°.1o~,~ .....

..... __n ~ ~ n .....

START OUTPUT .....

MARKER OUTPUT

..... F1

] xtl~i /I

~</ ~</ ,1-1,//1 .....

I i

3-24

Figure 3.6

Page 57

Operations

GATED MODE OPERATION

Program waveform to output continuously while the gate is active. After gate becomes inactive the current cycle of the wave-

form is completed and the trigger is ready to be re-armed. TypicaUy the trigger delay should be set to minimum, but is pro-

grammable for additional flexibility.

CH 1 OUTPUT

WAITING FOR TRIGGER

HOLD FIRST POINT

IN WAVE

! DELAY (USUALLY MINIMUM)

GATE = FALSE

WAmNGFOR

GATE

GATE INPUT

SYNC OUTPUT fl

START OUTPUT

MARKER OUTPUT

MARKER DELAY

Figure 3.7

3-25

Page 58

Operations

9100 SINGLE MODE TIMING

CH1 OUTPUT

SYNC

START

RE-ARM TIME

SINGLE = 10

DUAL = 5-1/2

WAIT FOR TRIGGER

l..._5

[ I

I I

MINIMUM PROGRAMMABLE TRIGGER DELAY

SINGLE = 4

DUAL = 2

SYNC TO START SINGLE = TRIGGER DELAY- 2

DUAL = TRIGGERDELAY-1

3-26

Figure 3.8

Page 59

9100 RECURRENT MODE TIMING

RE-ARM TIME

SINGLE = 10

I DUAL - ~1~2 I

Operations

CH1 OUTPUT

SYNC

START

FIRST POINT

LAST POINT

LAST POINT TO SYNC

I SINGLE = 15

I DUAL = 8

I LAST POINT TO START = TRIGGER DELAY + 1 I

I I

MINIMUM PROGRAMMABLE TRIGGER DELAY

SINGLE = 16

DUAL = 8

Figure 3.9

3-27

Page 60

Operations

SPECIFYING THE TRIGGER DELAY

SPECIFYING EXTERNAL TRIGGERING

The trigger delay is used in Single, Burst and Recurrent modes.

It determines the amount of delay between receipt of trigger and

the start of waveform output. In Recurrent, it is the number of points between the end of the last burst of sweeps and the beginning of the next.

Command: TRIG_DELAY <desired trigger delay>

To trigger the 9100 on an external signal it should be input to

the trigger/gate input BNC on the front panel. The input impedance is 50 ~. The trigger source called external must be

selected to be on. The TRIG SLOPE and TRIG_LEVEL commands are used to set the point at which the 9100 will trigger on the applied signal. For most cases

TRIG ARM SOURCE should be set to AUTO so that the

triggerwill be armed automatically after each waveform sweep. The following command sequence would be used to trigger

externally at a 1 V level on the positive slope with the trigger being automatically armed.

TRIG SOURCE, EXTERNAL,ON; TRIGLEVEL, IV; TRIG SLOPE,POSITIVE; TRIG ARM_SOURCE,AUTO;

USING THE FILTERS TO SMOOTH

THE WAVEFORM

3-28

Each output channel has six filter settings that provide additional signal conditioning capability. They are intended to help in removing the clock frequency and its harmonics. The filter you

will select depends on the particular clock frequency you are using and the frequencies to which the circuit being stimulated is

sensitive.

The filters are 3-pole bessel. The possible settings are NONE,

100 MHz, 30 MHz, 10 MHz, 3 MHz, and 1 MHz. For

example, to set the Channel 1 filter to 1 MHz:

CH I_FILTER, 1MHZ;

Page 61

DISCONNECTING THE OUTPUT WHILE THE GENERATOR IS RUNNING

INVERTING CHANNEL 1

OR 2

SUMMING CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 SIGNALS

Operations

The output of either channel may be disconnected without interrupting waveform generation at the other output or at the

timing outputs. The commands to do this are:

CHI_OUTPUT,<on or off>; CH2 OUTPUT,<on or off>;

Either channel may be inverted without changing the waveform file. The waveform will be inverted about the zref point. The commands to do this are:

CHI_INVERT,<on or off>; CH2_INVERT,<on or off>;

When running a dual channel waveform the signals may be summed together and output from the Channel 1 output. Each

channel’s amplitude may be adjusted independently within

limits. When summing channels, the respective amplitudes may

differ by no more than a factor of 16. The channel sum

command is:

SUM,<on or off>;

USING THE EXTERNAL

SUM INPUT I

An external signal may be summed together with the signal

being generated on Channel 1. It is input through the

front-panel BNC labeled SUM(Chl). The following command

used to turn the sum input on or off:

EXTERNAL SUM,<on or off>;

NOTE: We do not recommend that the sum input be used for

Channel I amplitudes less than .35 V. If the Channel 1 amplitude is less than .32 V then the sum signal will be attenuated by the smallest power of 2 that is greater than .625

divided by the set amplitude.

3-29

Page 62

Operations

USING AN EXTERNAL CLOCK REFERENCE

USING AN EXTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE

An external 4 MHz reference oscillator (amplitude between and 4 V) may be used as the timebase reference instead of the

internal 4 MHz crystal. This is useful if the 9100 needs to be referenced to a system reference. The clock period is still controlled by the generator; only the reference is changed. The command to select the reference source is:

CLOCK REFERENCE,<external or internal>;

When using Standard Functions, see page 3-3: STANDARD FUNCTIONS.

An external clock source may be used to drive the generator. When the external clock source is selected, the clock period is controlled completely by the external source and the clock

period command has no effect. Note that in dual channel mode, the point output rate will be 1/2 the applied frequency, e.g., if the external clock frequency is 200 MHz, each channel will output a new point every 10 nsec. The clock source is selected with the following command:

CLOCK_SOURCE,<external or internal>;

SYNCHRONIZING WITH ANOTHER

9100 SERIES AFG

3-30

CLOCK_MODE,SLAVE is used to synchronize one 9100 Series AFG to another. The unit placed in SLAVE mode uses the

signal on the CLOCK IN (EXT) rear panel BNC connector

its clock. This signal is assumed to come from the CLOCK OUT 2 rear panel BNC connector of another 9100 which is in

CLOCK MODE MASTER.

NOTE: CLOCK OUT 1 provides continuous output at the clock

frequency. Only CLOCK OUT 2 is suitable for MASTER~SLAVE

operation.

Upon entering slave mode, CLOCK_SOURCE defaults to EXTERNAL, CLOCK_SLOPE defaults to positive, and

CLOCKLEVEL defaults to -200 mV. The previous settings are restored upon receipt of a CLOCK_MODE, MASTER command. While in slave mode, the CLOCK_SOURCE and

CLOCK SLOPE cannot be changed. CLOCK_LEVEL can be changed. Also, while a unit is in slave mode, the TRIG MODE

settings have no effect. The trigger delay is controlled b~ the

absence of clock pulses from the master 9100. Trigger settings

entered while in SLAVE mode will correctly take effect when

the clock mode is changed to MASTER. Other commands that

Page 63

Operations

have no effect in SLAVE mode are: CRAT, CPER, MDEL,

DMOD.

To use two 9100s in master/slave operation, do the following:

Set one of the 9100’s to clock mode slave and connect a cable from the master’s CLOCK OUT 2 to slave’s CLOCK

IN (EXT).

2. LOAD and LINK the desired waveforms on both 9100s.

3. Issue "GO;" to the slave.

Issue "GO;" to the master.

NOTE: Steps 3 and 4 must be done in order. Any time the master aborts waveform generation, whether because of an

ABORT command or because of a change of trigger settings,

etc., both master and slave must be aborted and GO’s issued in the proper order. Failure to issue GO to the slave first while the master is still stopped will result in loss of synchronization.

The START, SYNC and MARKER outputs of the master unit

may be used, those of the slave unit are disabled. Selection of the clock operating mode is accomplished with the

following command:

CLOCK MODE,<master or slave>;

STARTING AND STOPPING

THE WAVEFORM

AUTOMATING THE SETUP AND LOADING OF WAVEFORMS

After loading an arbitrary waveform or invoking a standard waveform, the waveform is always initiated by giving the GO command.

GO;

The waveform may be stopped by giving the ABORT command.

ABORT;

When the waveform is aborted all outputs are stopped and the Channel 1 and Channel 2 output relays are opened.

Any valid sequence of 9100 commands, with the exception of file transfer commands or commands that require a response, may be automated by putting them into a sequence file. The sequence file is sent to the 9100 with the STORE command using the #I block format. See Chapter 5 for details. Always

follow the rules below:

3-31

Page 64

Operations

Make certain that all commands within a sequence file end

1. with a semicolon.

2. Always terminate a sequence with the command: END;

3-32

Page 65

GETTING STARTED WITH THE 9100/CP

I CONTROL PANEL OPERATION I

Basic Description

The 9100/CP, Figure 4.1, is an external panel that allows a user, without computer intervention, to control all aspects of the Model 9100 Series Arbitrary Function Generators, except

storing (downloading) of files and recall (uploading) of files.

LeCroy 9100/CP

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Model 9100/CP Control Panel

Figure 4.1

Functions that can be performed using the 9100/CP include:

Selecting, loading, linking, and executing arbitrary

(user-defined) waveforms that have been previously downloaded from a computer via the GPIB or RS-232C Interface to the Model 9100’s RAM disk storage memory.

Selecting and executing any of the six standard waveforms

(sine, square, triangle, ramp, pulse, and DC) incorporated into the Model 9100.

4-1

Page 66

Control Panel Operation

¯ Implementing ON/OFF selections for Channel 1 and Channel

2 summing and output modes; and controlling the amplitude,

invert, offset, zero reference, and filter parameters for each

channel.

¯ Selecting internal or external clock source or clock reference

and determining rate or period for internal clock; threshold level and slope for external clock.

¯ Choosing trigger mode; arming and firing the trigger via

keyboard command or by selecting automatic trigger arming and alternate trigger sources.

¯ Learning in memory, and executing complete setup files, each

consisting of a complete set of channel, timebase, and trigger commands.

Selecting and executing setup files created via computer and previously downloaded to the Model 9100.

Selecting and executing sequence files created via computer and previously downloaded to the Model 9100. Consisting of

valid GPIB commands, a sequence file can contain nested sequence and setup files as well as additional commands to

load, link, and execute waveforms.

Returning control of the Arbitrary Function Generator from a computer (remote mode) to the 9100/CP keyboard (local mode) if local lockout has not been invoked via GPIB.

Compact and light in weight, the 9100/CP can be easily" handheld while being used. Or, it comes with a bracket with which it can be mounted on a benchtop, any other convenient surface, or the Model 9100 itself.

Connected to the Arbitrary Function Generator by means of a 6-ft coiled cable that plugs into the front of the Model 9100, the control panel is readily detachable. Optional 6-ft extender cables are available, and as many as four extenders may be

chained together for additional length. The main features of the 9100/CP are an LCD screen that

displays functional menus and prompts operator instructions to the Model 9100 and a multi-function keyboard that serves as the mechanism by which those instructions are input.

Connecting the 9100/CP

to the Arbitrary Function

Generator

4-2

The cable attached to the 9100/CP plugs directly into the

connector within the KEYPAD rectangle in the right corner of

the Model 9100 front panel.

Page 67

Control Panel Operation 4

The Model 9100 can be under local (9100/CP) control computer (remote) control. The default, on power-up, is local

control mode. As the instrument goes through initialization after power-up, a

series of brief readouts will flash on the 9100/CP screen. Such readouts are normal and need not be interpreted for operation.

Within a few seconds, however, the power-up display will be seen on the 9100/CP screen, as shown below.

LeCROY 9100

GPIB ADDR = 1

VER 1.00

Power-up displaY shows the software version (VER) number in use and the GPIB Address of the Model 9100

Figure 4.2

In the event that the Arbitrary Function Generator is already powered up and operating in remote mode when the 9100/CP is

connected, the 9100 automatically returns to Local Mode and sends the "power up screen" to the 9100/CP.

If the Model 9100 is in local lockout mode, however, pressing the [LOCAL] key will result in the 9100/CP screen saying

LOCKOUT. When that happens, the 9100/CP will be inoperative; use EASYWAVE, GPIB, or RS-232 control to exit the lockout mode, and then press [LOCAL] to continue.

LCD Display

Keyboard

The 9100/CP display shows information in pages containing as

many as four lines of data or prompts. In this regard, a # sign at the bottom of the screen view indicates that the menu or

information sequence you are looking at has at least one more page. Some operations require several pages.

The 9100/CP keyboard consists of 32 keys. To confirm that contact has been made, each key gives off an audible signal

(beep) upon being pressed.

Twenty-two of the keys have dual functions. A key has two

functions if it contains two sets of identification, the top set being white letters in a blue rectangle.

Four of the keys have functions that set them apart from the other keys:

4"3

Page 68

Control Panel Operation

[SHIFT] when pressed immediately prior to pressing any dual

function key, causes the upper function (blue rectangle) that key to be executed. If a dual function key is pressed

without the [SHIFT] key being pressed first, the lower function is invoked, After invoking a shifted function, all keys return to the unshifted position.

[SHIFT RESET] resets all instrument settings to the

power-up defaults and results in the display shown in Figure

4.2. [SHIFT DELETE] can remove a selected file from RAM

disk memory. This may be an arbitrary waveform, setup or sequence file.

[SHIFT CE] stands for CLEAR ENTRY. Pressing this key

clears numeric entries and enables a new entry to be made. The remainder of the keyboard can be thought of as being

divided into five main groupings: main menu keys, display keys, numeric/units keypad, action keys, information keys.

4-4

Page 69

Control Panel Operation 4

Main Menu Keys

LeCroy 91001CP

Keys that call up main menus

[FUNC] accesses menus that allow selec-

tion of arbitrary waveforms, standard

waveforms, setup, and sequence files.

[CHAN 1] is used to set operating pa-

rameters for waveforms generated on Channel 1.

[CHAN 2] is used to set operating parame-

ters for waveforms generated on Channel 2.

[CLOCK] is used to enter the generator

clock rate and period. It also allows operator selection of internal or external clock source or reference use. If an external

clock is used, threshold level and slope may be user selected.

[TRIG] allows entry of trigger parameters

and modes.

Main Menu Keys

Figure 4.3

4-5

Page 70

Control Panel Operation

Display Keys Menu Mani

LeCroy 9100/CP

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3ulation and Selection:

[F] KEYS: [F1], [F2], [F3] and [F4]

are used to perform file selections, execute actions or access submenus for the

lines on the display. F1 refers to the first line of the display and F4 to the fourth

line. When used to select a file, an @ will appear after the name of the selected file.

[PAGE] When a menu contains more than one page, a # will appear at the end of the fourth line of the display. Pressing

[PAGE] will cause the next page of infor-

mation to be displayed. When the # does

not appear this indicates either a single page menu or the last page of a multiple page menu. Pressing the [PAGE] key in

this latter instance returns the menu to the

first page of the multiple page menu.

[BACK] causes the display to step backwards one page in a menu. If the display is showing the first page of a menu, pressing

[BACK] will move the screen to the upper level menu page from which that first page was selected.

4-6

B-~Y

Display Keys

Figure 4.4

Page 71

Control Panel Operation 4

Numeric/Units Keypad Thirteen keys in the center of the keyboard that are used to

enter numbers and units:

[NUMERIC] keys and [DECIMAL POINT]

LeCroy 9100/CP

key are for those situations in which a particular menu item requires numeric entry.

[-] is for entry of negative values. [ENTER] is used to terminate numeric en-

tries for which units are not required, such

as number of repetitions.

[SHIFT UNITS KEYS] append units to numeric entries and terminate those entries.

To terminate (complete entry of) a numeric entry that is dimensionless, key in the number and then press [ENTER].

When units are added to a number, first key in the number. Next press [SHIFT],

and then the appropriate units key. As

soon as the units key is pressed, entry is

completed and [ENTER] need not be pressed.

[SHIFT E] is used to separate the base from the exponent when numeric entries are made using scientific notation.

[SHIFT CE] is used for clearing erroneous entries from the display. This key sequence clear the entire display and returns to the entry prompt.

Numeric/Units Keypad

Figure 4.5

4-7

Page 72

Control Panel Operation

Action Keys

LeCroy 91001CP

Action Keys

Figure 4.6

Cause the generator to take top level action:

[SHIFT TGR] issues single shot trigger if

enabled.

[LOCAL] returns control of the 9100 to

the 9100/CP if a local lockout is not invoked via GPIB.

[SHIFT T. ARM] arms the trigger when the trigger arm source is BUS. The default trigger arming mode is automatic. In order to have manual control of trigger arming,

select BUS trigger arm source via the trigger menu by using the [TRIG] key.

[GO] is pressed to execute a waveform that has been selected and loaded or

linked.

[SHIFT ABORT] halts waveform genera-

tion and opens the output relays. This does not change the status of any files or attributes.

[LOAD] will cause a selected arbitrary

waveform to be loaded from RAM disk into the high speed memory, from where it can be generated.

[SHIFT NEXT] is pressed to continue

execution of a sequence that has executed a WAIT command, suspending its execu-

I-IOIO

tion.

[LINK] To link additional arbitrary

waveforms to a LOADed waveform, this key is pressed instead of [LOAD] for the subsequent waveforms after file selection.

4-8

[SHIFT SEQ] executes the presently se-

lected sequence file.

]LEARN] When this key is pressed, all

existing setup parameters are saved to a

file which is given the name SETXXX,

where XXX is a sequential number man-

aged by the 9100 ranging from 1 to 999.

Page 73

Control Panel Operation 4

[SHIFT SETUP] executes the presently

selected setup file.

[SHIFT DELETE] can remove a selected

file from RAM disk memory.

[SHIFT RESET] returns the 9100 to its initial power-up state, with all settings in their default states.

4-9

Page 74

Control Panel Operation

Information Keys

LeCroy 9100lOP

Provide the user with the current state of the instrument:

[STATUS] identifies the current generator

status for lockout and trigger state, if ap-

propriate.

[SHIFT ACTIVE] performs the Active

Files function which identifies which

waveform, setup and sequence files are presently being executed.

[SHIFT COMM] displays the present

setup of the communications port (GPIB

or RS-232).

[VIEW] All instrument settings are dis-

played in 17 menu pages when this key is pressed. As with all other 9100/CP opera-

tions, the [PAGE] and [BACK] keys must be pressed to move forwards or backwards

through the [VIEW] pages.

[SHIFT STB] pressing this key causes a

status byte condition to be displayed in three lines on the LCD display. Eight menu pages are used to display the eight

status bytes.

Information Keys

Figure 4.7

Terminating (completed) Numeric Entries To terminate (complete entry of) a numeric entry that

dimensionless, key in the number and then press [ENTER]

When units must be changed or added to that number, first key in the number, Next, press [SHIFT], and then the appropriate

4-10

Page 75

Control Panel Operation 4

units key. As soon as the units key is pressed, entry is

completed and [ENTER] need not be pressed.

UNDERSTANDING

THE 9100/CP MENUS

Taken together, the lines on a 9100/CP page (or series of

pages) comprise a "menu" that tells an operator what information must be understood or what actions must be

implemented to use each portion of the system. In this regard, each line on a page falls into one of six

categories. Specifically, a line may be:

¯ A filename for operator selection (currently selected file

indicated by ") (Selection indicated by @).

An information item for operator reference (values indicated by =).

A location at which numeric information is entered or modified (indicated by [] cursor).

¯ A point at which direct action is initiated (indicated by <). ¯

An entry point for access to a submenu (indicated by : or >).

¯ A value which can be changed by MORE/LESS (indicated by

The display keys ([BACK], [PAGE], [FI], [F2], IF3], and

[F4]) are used to access menus or parts of menus. The thirteen keys in the center of the keyboard ([ENTER], [E], [-], [.], the numeric keys, and the units keys) are for entering

information required by use of other keys.As their name implies, the action keys ([TGR], [LOCAL], [T.ARM], [GO],

[ABORT], [LOAD], [NEXT], [LINK], [SEQ], [LEARN] and

[SETUP]) initiate actions, for the most part without use of menu listings.

Information Menus

Main Menu Selections

Pressing the [STATUS], [ACTIVE], [COMM], [VIEW], or

[STB] key has no effect on the operation of (or actions

imposed on) the Arbitrary Function Generator. These keys

display information menus consisting entirely of listings that can be used for reference purposes in taking other action.

The five main menu keys ([FUNC], [CHAN 1], [CHAN 2],

[CLOCK] and [TRIG]) use menus and submenus extensively.

Pressing any of these keys results in a 4-line listing of different

selections categories from which a choice must be made to

proceed.

Each line in a main menu listing is accessed or implemented by

pressing one of the [F] keys at the top of the keyboard, with

IF1] accessing the first line, IF2] the second line, [F3] the

4-11

Page 76

Control Panel Operation

third line, and [F4] the fourth line, So when you press [F3], you access the parameter named by line 3 on the display.

Alternatively, pressing an IF] key may result in display of a submenu from which additional [F] key selection may be

required.

[F1] [F2] [F3]

[F4]

Pressing the [FUNC] key, for example, will result in a menu of

file types. That menu is shown in Figure 4.8. Line 1 is ARBITRARY, so pressing [F1] will therefore access a

submenu for selection of arbitrary waveforms. Similarly, pressing

[F2] will access a submenu for selection of standard waveforms, IF3] for setup files, and IF4] for sequence files.

In other instances, IF] key selections allow you to look up current parameter settings and then to change those settings as

required. An example of this can be seen by" pressing the

[CLOCK] key, an action which produces a main menu listing in which line 1 is clock rate, line 2 is clock period, line 3 is " threshold level for an external clock source, and line 4 is a selection of internal or external source.

The special symbols <, :, and Z] (cursor) act as question prompts as shown in Table 4.1.

ARBITRARY STANDARD>

SETUP> SEQUENCE>

Main Menu that results from pressing the [Fun¢] key

Figure 4.8

4-12

Page 77

Control Panel Operation 4

Table 4.1

Special 91001CP Display Symbols

means go to next submenu for this function using appropriate [F] key

means use [F] key to do this function or

toggle value

means value or parameter shown is current value which may be changed by either more/less or

accessing the next menu means that a particular file is currently selected

means that there are additional submenus or displays at this menu level

means running. The 9100 is active either because a waveform is being output or a sequence or

setup file is in process

means stopped. No wave output or no sequence

or setup in process

means wait for trigger. When this symbol appears after the name of a waveform segment in a listing of the contents of control memory, it means

that the generator will wait for a trigger before

outputting that segment. the cursor acts as a prompt for numeric entries

[]

Toggled Menu

Entries

NOTE: Informational messages and error messages generally do not use any special display symbols except

= which is used literally.

As described above, line 4 of the main menu displayed after

pressing [CLOCK] is an immediate action prompt. That line

can have one of only two entries: CLOCK $RC< INT (internal clock source) or CLOCK SRC< EXT (external clock source).

4-13

Page 78

.4 Control Panel Operation

Parameter~Delta

Submenus

The clock source is listed on line 4, so repeatedly pressing the

[F4] key will "toggle" line 4 from CLOCK SRC< INT to

CLOCK SRC< EXT and back again. Not all such prompts represent INT/EXT toggles. Others include

OFF/ON, POS/NEG, and SING/DUAL. Each toggled IF] key operation will be described on the following pages.

Starting with a main menu, pressing an [F] key will in many instances result in a parameter/delta submenu for the selection

on the line number corresponding to that key. The

parameter/delta submenu format is shown in Figure 4.9.

[F1 ]

PARAMETER NAME: (VALUE)

[F2] [F3]

[F4]

DELTA > MORE<

LESS <

Parameter/delta aubmonu format

(VALUE)

Figure 4.9

4-14

Pressing [F2] three times after the display in Figure 4.8 appears, for example, will produce a submenu in which the four lines are FREQ, DELTA, MORE, and LESS. The specific

parameter in that instance is the frequency of square waves. This is depicted in Figure 4.10.

Page 79

FUNC

Control Panel Operation 4

[F1]

SINE >

[F2]

SQUARE>

[F3]

TRIANGLE >

[F4]

RAMP> #S

[F1 ] [F2] [F3]

[F4]

Accessing the parameter/deltasubmenu for square waves

The operations and displays pertinent to a parameter/delta submenu are summarized in Table 4.2

ARBITRARY > STANDARD >

SETUP > SEQUENCE >

SQU_MODE< SING FREQUENCY> C1 START>

C2 REL ST> SQRS

Figure 4.10

[F1] [F2]

[F3] [F4]

FREQ: DELTA > MORE< LESS <

SQRS

4-15

Page 80

Control Panel Operation

Parameter/Delta Submenu Operations

Press

Table 4.2,

Resulting

Screen Display

Explanation

[F1]

(PARAMETER NAME)

[F2]

(DELTA)

[F3]

(MORE)

[F4]

(LESSI

NOTE:

2-line submenu appears.

~l~y~g: (PARAMETER NAME)=

(PARAMETER NAME) I-’lcursor

2-line submenu appears, saying:

DELTA= NEW

DELTA I-Icursor

Parameter/delta menu remains on screen and Is updated.

Parameter/delta menu remains

on screen and Is updated.

* Present value is the value most recently entered. This will be the default value If no setup file has been Initiated and If no other values have been entered,

* * See section earlier In this chapter for instructions on

Terminating Numeric Entries (page 4-10)

current value* of parameter is listed on line. Enter desired new

value of parameter by using numeric and units keys If required. An [F] Is not necessary t.o use In this

suomenu. As you Key ~n your entry. It

will appear on line 3. Terminate

entry, and parameter/delta menu

will reappear showing the new

parameter value. * * Current delta* is displayed on line 1.

Enter desired new delta by using numeric keys (F key required).

you key In the new delta, it will

appear on line 3. Terminate entry,

and parameter/delta menu will

reappear showing the new delta. ** Increments line 1 parameter value

upwards by the absolute value of

delta.

Increments line 1 parameter value downwards by the absolute value of delta.

4-16

To illustrate the use of Table 4.2, press [SHIFT] and then

[RESET]. This will restore the instrument to its power-up state,

and in the process restore all parameters to default values.

After you press [RESET], the screen will prompt, "are your sure". Pressing the [F3] (yes) response will cause the screen

blank, after which the screen shown in Figure 4.2 will appear.

Press [CHAN 1] when that happens, and the first page of the Channel 1 main menu will appear, Figure 4.11.

Page 81

Control Panel Operation 4

[F1 ]

CH1 AMP>

[F2]

OFFSET >

[F3]

ZREF >

[F4]

OUTPUT EN <OFF

Channel 1 Main Menu First Page

Figure 4.11

To determine the current value of amplitude settings, you have to access line 1, where C1 AMP stands for Channel 1

amplitude. Pressing IF1] when Figure 4.11 is displayed will result in the screen changing to the parameter/delta submenu

shown in Figure 4.12.

[F1]

AMP: 13 (current value)

[F2]

[F3]

IF4]

DELTA >(current value) MORE < LESS <

Channel Amplitude Submenu Display

C1 S

Changing Amplitude Value

Figure 4.12

Note the cursor before the value. A new amplitude value can be entered simply by entering the new first digit.. The menu of Figure 4.13 will be deployed and the rest of the new value can be entered.

In this figure, AMP is set to its default condition of 1,0 V. If that amplitude is ac.ceptable press [BACK] and the first page of the Channel 1 main menu will appear as shown in Figure 4.11.

Pressing [F1] with the screen of Figure 4.12 displayed, will change the screen to that shown in Figure 4.13. Note that no

IF] keys are used in this menu, the cursor shows the position of

number to be entered.

4-17

Page 82

Control Panel Operation

AMP = (current value) NEW AMP I-I Cursor

C1 S

Amplitude Change Submenu

Figure 4.13

The current amplitude is shown on line 1. The default

(power-up) level of amplitude is 1.000 V. To change amplitude

to 2 V, press the [2] key. "2" appears after the "NEW AMP" header. Press [ENTER], and the original AMP~DELTA~MORE~LESS menu is again displayed, this time

with the top line showing an amplitude of 2.000 V. Another way to change amplitude is to use the MORE and

LESS functions.The delta (default level 100 mV) is the amount by which you can increment the amplitude up or down by pressing [F3] (MORE) or IF4] (LESS).

If amplitude is 2,0 V and delta is 0.5 V, pressing [F3] will increase the amplitude to 2.5 V, while pressing [F4] once after

that would decrease the amplitude back to 2.0 V. Within the 0 to 10 V range of the instrument, [F3] and [F4] can be pressed

in any sequence as many times as need be to achieve a desired C1 AMP.

If an increment of 0.1 V is unsatisfactory, however, press [F2] when Figure 4.12 is displayed. The screen view will then change to that shown in Figure 4.14. Note that no [F] key is used in

this submenu. The numeric keys are used to enter a new value, if desired.

4-18

DELTA = (current value) NEW DELTA L-"I Cursor

C1 S

Delta Modification Submenu

Figure 4.14

A new delta can be entered here, in the same manner as amplitude could be changed with the AMP/NEW AMP

Page 83

Control Panel Operation 4

submenu. As the revised delta is keyed in, it will appear immediately to the right of NEW DELTA. Press [ENTER] to terminate and the AMP/DELTA/MORE/LESS screen will again appear, this time showing the new delta.

By using the AMP/NEW AMP method and/or the delta method, channel amplitude can be easily changed and set. Or, progressing through the submenu layers may show that some

parameters are acceptable at their current values, in which case new values need not be entered.

ENTRY CHANGES

Changes Made After

Waveform Execution

has Commenced

Changes Made Prior to Execution of a Waveform

The 9100/CP offers several means for changing entries or correcting entries that have been inadvertently made in error.

Specifically,

A waveform being executed can be stopped by pressing

[SHIFT] and then [ABORT]. Waveform execution will cease.

After that the keyboard can be used again to re-select a waveform and/or to re-enter desired parameters. Except for

disconnecting the output and turning off the WAVEFORM ACTIVE LED, ABORT does not affect any attribute or files.

The Model 9100 executes only waveform files that are loaded

into high speed memory with currently selected waveform

attributes. Waveforms may be loaded and attributes changed at

any time prior to execution (i.e., "GO;"). Examples are

follows: ¯

The waveform can be re-selected so that a different waveform is chosen, loaded into high speed memory, and

executed.

Any individual attribute can be changed by accessing the proper main menu (CHAN 1, CHAN 2, CLOCK, or TRIG

keys) and entering a new setting for that attribute.

If a combination of attribute settings are stored as a setup file and initiated (put into effect), those settings will become the

Model 9100’s current settings. A new combination of settings can, however, be made current simply by initiating a different setup file.

¯ Alternatively, any setting made current by use of a setup file

can be changed to a more current setting merely by accessing the proper menu line and changing the setting accordingly.

¯ If a waveform is loaded into high speed memory, another

waveform can become the currently loaded waveform if the

4-19

Page 84

Control Panel Operation

Changes Made Prior to Completion of

a Numeric Entry

Eliminating

Arbitrary Waveform,

Setup, and Sequence Files from RAM

Disk Memory

loading process is repeated with the second waveform before

the GO command is given to execute

.e Additional waveforms can be linked to any currently loaded

waveform as explained below.

If a number has been keyed in or partially keyed in, but

[ENTER] or a units key has not yet been pressed, that number can be "erased" by pressing [SHIFT] and ICE]. Then, the number can be re-entered as desired.

As shown in Figure 4.8, pressing [FUNC] results in a main

menu that enables selection of arbitrary waveform files, standard

waveforms, setup files, and sequence files. Any arbitrary

waveform, setup, or sequence file can be deleted from RAM

disk memory by a four step process:

- Press [FUNC] and then the IF] key corresponding to the type of file to be deleted (IF1] for arbitrary waveforms, [F3]

for setup files, and IF4] for sequence files).

Press the [F] key corresponding to the line on which the file

to be deleted is shown. An @ symbol will then appear to the

right of that line.

- Press [SHIFT] and then [DELETE]. The menu of Figure

4.15 will appear.

4-20

ARE YOU SURE?

[F3]

YES NO

[F4]

Delete Operation

Figure 4.15

- Pressing [F3] will cause the selected file to disappear from the screen listing and no longer be in RAM disk memory.

Pressing IF4] avoids the delete operation, unmarks the waveform file and returns to the previous screen.

Page 85

Changing all Attribute Settings to Default Conditions

Changes that Cannot be Made

with the 9100/CP

Control Panel Operation 4

Pressing [SHIFT] and then [RESET] will cause the menu of Figure 4.15 to appear. A yes response will cause all 9100

settings to revert to default conditions.

The 9100/CP cannot make the following changes:

¯ Altering the contents of a waveform file ¯ Altering the contents of a sequence file

¯ Altering the contents of a setup file.

NOTE: The 9100/CP can, however, store new setup files in memory (LEARN). Accordingly, if a setup file needs

changed, a new setup file can be created and LEARNed. The original setup file can then be deleted, if desired, as described above.

¯ Change one waveform file in a linked series of waveform files

without re-loading and re-linking every waveform file in the chain.

4-21

Page 86

Control Panel Operation

CONTROLLING THE ARBITRARY FUNCTION

GENERATOR WITH

THE 9100/CP

Steps to be Taken in Executing

Waveforms When controlling the Model 9100 with the 9100/CP, waveform

execution is accomplished in four steps: waveform selection, loading the waveform into high speed memory, specification of

waveform attributes and trigger parameters, and execution. Selection: The 9100/CP, by means of the menus accessed by

pressing its [FUNC] key, can select from any of six standard waveforms, or from arbitrary waveforms downloaded to the Model 9100’s RAM disk memory. The 9100/CP cannot be used to create arbitrary waveforms. Nor can it be used to command

the Model 9100 to replicate waveforms measured from other sources by LeCroy oscilloscopes. These operations can, however, be performed from a computer using EASYWAVE software.

Loading and Linking the

Waveform into High Speed Memory: Just because a waveform is selected does not mean it is executed. First, it must be loaded

into high speed memory. Pressing the [LOAD] key loads an arbitrary waveform that has been selected. Standard waveforms

are automatically loaded when they are selec~;ed. Arbitrary waveforms can also be chained together. Pressing the

[LINK] key will link an arbitrary waveform to arbitrary

waveforms that are already loaded or linked.

NOTE: To enter a link with "wait" command from the 9100/CP hand-held control panel, press the TRIG button instead of the

ENTER button after entering the number of segment repetitions

for LINK. This appends the "wait" argument to the LINK

command from the 9100/CP.

Specification of Waveform Attributes and Trigger Parameters: The [CHAN 1], [CHAN 2], [Clock], and [Trig]

keys access menus that control the waveform amplitude, timebase, and trigger commands.

The net effect of those four keys is to define what is called the

waveform setup. A setup can be "learned" (stored in memory) by the [Learn] key on the 9100/CP and implemented by the

[Setup] key, which can also implement setups downloaded by

EASYWAVE, GPIB, or RS-232 operation. In addition, the [Seq] key can be pressed to access and

implement sequences; files of GPIB commands that are downloaded to the Model 9100 via computer control.

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Page 87

Selecting an Arbitrary Waveform

Control Panel Operation 4

Executing Loaded and Linked Waveforms: Executing is accomplished by pressing the [GO] key. Execution can be aborted by pressing the [ABORT] key.

Details of these steps are covered below.

Pressing the [FUNC] key causes the menu shown below to be displayed.

[F1]

ARBITRAR~

[F2]

STANDARD> SETUP>

[F3] [F4]

SEQUENCE>

Function Selection Main Menu

Figure 4.16

Selecting an Arbitrary (User-Designed) Waveform Stored Memory:

If previously downloaded to RAM disk storage memory via the GPIB or RS-232 bus, an ARBITRARY waveform can be

accessed by first accessing the function selection main menu shown in the above figure, and then pressing [F1]. This will

cause a 4-line submenu to appear, as shown below.

IF1 ] [F2]

IF3] IF4]

SING WAVE DIR>

DUAL WAVE DIF~

CTRL MEM DIR>

HS MEM DIR>

Arbitrary Function Subrnenu

Figure 4.17

Pressing [F1] here will present a listing of the file names for all the single waveforms stored in RAM memory. If [F2] were

pressed, however, the dual waveform names would be displayed.File names are a combination of as many as eight

user-selected letters and numbers, followed by .WAV for single waveforms, or .WAD for dual waveforms.

If no files are stored in any of these categories, the screen will so indicate. For example, if no single arbitrary waveforms are in

4-23

Page 88

Control Panel Operation

memory and [FI] is pressed when Figure 4.17 is displayed, the

screen will show NO .WAV FILES. If single waveform files are in RAM memory, pressing IF1]

when Figure 4.17 is displayed will bring up a single waveform

listing similar to that shown in Figure 4.18.

Finding Number

of Repetitions

[F1] [F2] IF3]

[F4]

The symbol * indicates that ANYWAVE.WAV is the currently

selected file. If the MYWAVE2.WAV waveform were desired here, IF2]

would be pressed and @ would appear to the right of the second line on the screen.

To select a dual waveform that has been downloaded into RAM memory, press [F2] when Figure 4.17 is displayed. Otherwise,

the procedure is exactly as described above.

Pressing IF3] when Figure 4.17 is displayed will cause a display

similar to Figure 4.19, where the segment names are those currently loaded and linked in the Control Memory (CM). The numbers indicate the number of repetitions for each waveform. This display is information only and no action is required.

A "W" at the end of a segment’s Control Memory listing indicates that the given segment was loaded or linked with the

"wait" option, and that the generator will wait until a trigger (or, in recurrent trigger mode, a re-trigger) is received before

outputting the segment in question.

TESTWAVl .WAV

MYWAVE2.WAV

*ANYWAVE.WAV

SOMEWAVE.WAV

Single Waveform File Name Listing

Fil[ure 4.18

4-24

Page 89

Checking Controls of HS Memory

Control Panel Operation 4

SEGMENTS = .WAV MYWAVE 1 TESTWAVE 43

MYWAVE 4095

Loaded and Linked Segments

Figure 4.19

Pressing [F4] when Figure 4.17 is displayed will cause a display similar to Figure 4.20 where the file names shown are those

actually present in High Speed Memory (HSM). Referring Figure 4.20, note that MYWAVE.WAV is loaded into HSM only once, even though it is referenced more than once by the

Control Memory (CM). This display is information only and action is required.

MYWAVE.WAV

TESTWAVE.WAV

Selecting a Standard Waveform

Contents of HSM

Figure 4.20

A standard waveform is selected by first accessing the Function

Selection Main Menu shown in Figure 4.16, and then pressing

[F2] (STANDARD). This will cause the first of two pages in the

Standard Function Sub Menu to be displayed, Figure 4.21.

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Page 90

Control Panel Operation

[F1 ] [F2]

[F3] [F4]

Where: SINE> [F1] selects a submenu from which the attributes of the

standard sine function can be selected. SQUARE> IF2] selects a submenu from which the attributes of

the standard square function can be selected. TRIANGLE> [F3] selects a submenu from which the attributes

of the standard triangle function can be selected. RAMP> IF4] selects a submenu from which the attributes of the

standard ramp function can be selected. Press [PAGE] and the second page of the Standard Function

Submenu will be displayed, Figure 4.22.

SINE

SQUARE> TRIANGLE> RAMP>

StandardFunction Submenu

First Page

Figure 4.21

4-26

[F1] [F2]

Where: PULSE> [F1] selects a submenu from which the attributes of

the standard pulse function can be selected. DC> IF2] selects a submenu from which the attributes of the

standard DC function can be selected.

NOTE: Once the submenu for a particular standard function has been selected, output of that function may be activated by

pressing [GO]. Once the function is active, any change by the

user in the attribute submenu for that function will be immediately reflected in the output of the 9100 AFG.

PULSE >

DC>

Standard Function Submenu

Second Page

Fil~ure 4.22

Page 91

Control Panel Operation 4

Selecting Attributes Of The Standard Sine Function When [F1] (SINE) is selected on the Standard Function

Submenu, the Standard Sine Attribute Submenu is displayed, Figure 4.23.

[FI] [F2]

[F3] [F4]

Where:

SINE_MODE< [F1] selects whether the sine function is to be output as a SINGLE (SING) or DUAL waveform. The SINGLE

waveform is output on Channel 1 only, the DUAL waveform on both Channels 1 and 2.

FREQUENCY> [F2] selects a submenu from which the frequency of the generated sine wave may be set. In SINGLE

mode the allowed frequency range is 0.010 - 25.0E+6 Hz; in DUAL mode the allowed range is 0.010 - 25.0E+6 Hz (both

channels have the same frequency). Units can be Hz, kHz, or MHz.

C1 PHASE> IF3] selects a submenu from which the start phase of the Channel 1 sine waveform may be set in degrees from 0.0

- 360. If SINE MODE is dual Channel 2’s start phase will be identical to Channel l’s unless further action is taken.

SINE MODE <

FREQUENCY > C1 PHASE>

C2 REL PH>

Standard Sine Attribute Subrnenu

SING

SIN S

Figure 4.23

C2 REL PH> [F4] selects a submenu from which the start phase of the Channel 2 sine waveform relative to the Channel 1

waveform may be set in degrees from 0.0 - 360. Note that Channel 2 leads Channel 1 by the number of degrees specified. C2 REL PH has no meaning in SINE_MODE SINGLE.

Selecting Attributes Of The Standard Square Function WHEN [F2] (SQUARE) is selected on the Standard Function

Submenu, the Standard Square Attribute Submenu is displayed, Figure 4.24.

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Page 92

Control Panel Operation

[F1] [F2] [F3]

[F4]

SQU_MODE<SING FREQUENCY > C1 START >

C2 REL ST >

SQR

Standard Square Attribute Submenu

Figure 4.24

Where:

SQU_MODE< [F1] selects single or dual channel square wave

generation.

FREQUENCY [F2] selects a submenu from which the frequency

of the generated square wave may be set from 0.01 to

100.0E+6Hz in single mode, 0.01 to 50.0E+6Hz in dual mode. Units can be Hz, kHz, or MHz.

C1 START [F3] selects a submenu from which the start time of the waveform may be set. The allowed range is from 0.0 to the

currently set period of the square wave. C2 REL ST [F4] selects a submenu from which the start time

of t-he channel 2 output relative to the channel 1 output may be set. °

The allowed range is from 0.0 to the currently set period. This attribute has no meaning for single channel operating mode.

Selecting Attributes Of The Standard Triangle Function

4-28

WHEN [F3] (TRIANGLE) is selected on the Standard Function

Submenu, the Standard Triangle Attribute Submenu is displayed, Figure 4.25.

[F1]

[F2] [F3]

[F4]

TRI MODE < SING FREQUENCY > C1 START >

C2 REL ST >

TGL S

Standard Triangle Attribute Submenu

Figure 4.25

Page 93

Selecting Attributes Of The Standard Ramp Function

Control Panel Operation 4

Where:

TRI MODE [F1] selects either a single or dual triangle waveform.

FREQUENCY> [F2] selects a submenu from which the frequency of the generated triangle wave may be set from 0.010 to 25.0E+6 Hz. Units can be Hz, kHz, or MHz.

C1 START> [F3] selects a submenu from which the start time of t-he waveform may be set. The start time is set not in degrees

but in time; the allowed range is 0.0 to the current PERIOD of the triangle wave.

C2 REL ST> [F4] selects a submenu from which the relative sta~ time of CH2 can be set from 0 to PERIOD for a dual

wave.

WHEN [F3] (RAMP) is selected on the Standard Function Submenu, the Standard Ramp Attribute Submenu is displayed, Figure 4.26.

[F1] [F2] [F3]

[F4]

Where:

RAMP MODE< [F1] selects either a single or dual ramp

waveform.

PERIOD> [F2] selects a submenu from which the period of the

generated ramp wave may be set from 40.0 nsec to 100.0 sec.

Units can be nsec, }xsec, msec, sec. C1 START> [F3] selects a submenu from which the start time

of the waveform may be set. The start time is set not in degrees but in time; the allowed range is 0.0 to the current PERIOD of

the ramp wave. C2 REL ST [F4] selects a submenu from which the relative

sta~ time of CH2 in dual mode can be set to 0.0 to PERIOD.

RAMP_MODE < SING PERIOD > C1 START >

C2_REL_ST >

Standard Ramp Attribute Submenu

Figure 4.26

RMP S

4-29

Page 94

Selecting Attributes Of The Standard Pulse Function WHEN [F1] (PULSE) is selected on the second page of the

Control Panel Operation

Standard Function Submenu, the Standard Pulse Attribute Submenu is displayed, Figure 4.27.

[FI ] [F2] [F3]

[F4]

Whe~ ¯

PERIOD> [F1] selects a submenu from which the period of the generated pulse wave may be set from 40.0 nsec to 10.0 sec. Units can be nsec, ~sec, msec, sec.

WIDTH> IF2] selects a submenu from which the width of the generated pulse (the duration of the high part of the pulse

waveform) may be set from 5.0 nsec to PERIOD. Units can be

nsec, ~sec, msec, sec.

DELAY> [F3] selects a submenu which allows the setting of the delay in time from the receipt of a trigger to the start of the pulse waveform (the first rising edge). The allowed range

25.0 nsec to 5.0 msec in single or burst trigger mode, and

85.0 nsec to 5.0 msec in recurrent trigger mode. The DELAY has no meaning in continuous or gated trigger modes. Units can

be nsec, gsec, reset, sec.

NOTE: In the standard pulse function the trigger delay must be set using this submenu and not the TRIG DELAY submenu located in the Trigger Main Menu.

OPTIMIZE> [F4] selects a submenu which allows the user to

specify whether the pulse function is to be generated so as to

achieve highest accuracy on the pulse WIDTH (WID), PERIOD

(PER), or DELAY (DEL) attribute.

PERIOD> WIDTH >

DELAY> OPTIMIZE > PLS

Standard Pulse Attributs Submenu

Figure 4.27

Selecting Attributes Of The Standard DC Function

4-30

When [F2] (DC) is selected on the second page of the

Standard Function Submenu, the Standard DC Attribute

Submenu is displayed, Figure 4.28.

Page 95

Control Panel Operation 4

[F1] DC MODE < SING

Standard Pulse Attribute Submenu

Figure 4.28

Where: DC MODE< [F1] selects whether the DC function is to be

output as a SINGLE (SING) or DUAL waveform. The SINGLE waveform is output on Channel 1 only, the DUAL waveform on both Channels 1 and 2.

NOTE: The standard DC waveform is loaded with a DAC code of 128 which is centered between the 0 to .255 amplitude limits.

If the channel’s Zref is also 128, then the OFFSET voltage is

exactly the Output voltage of the standard DC mode. If Zref is not 128 (default Zref=127.5) then the level of the DC signal

will be affected by both AMPLITUDE and OFFSET changes.

Channel 1 Waveform Attribute Menus

Pressing the [CHAN 1] key on the 9100/CP will result in d~splay of the first of three pages in the Channel 1 main menu,

Figure 4.29.

[F1] [F2]

[F3] [F4]

Where:

C1 AMP > [Ft] selects the next submenu which allows setting the amplitude of the Channel 1 waveform in

units of mV or V. Range is 10 V p-p with 50 £1 termination, 20

V p-p open circuit. Minimum amplitude is 5 mV into 50 £1, 10 mV open circuit.

C1 AMP > OFFSET >

ZREF > OUTPUT < ON

First Page of Channel 1 Main Menu

Figure 4.29

4-31

Page 96

4 Control Panel Operation

OFFSET > [F2] selects the next submenu which allows setting the Channel 1 DC offset level from -5 V to +5 V in units of mV or V,

ZREF > [F3] selects the next submenu which allows

specification of the zero reference in floating point values from 0 to 255.

OUTPUT < IF4] selects the function used to determine whether channel signal output is on or off. This is a toggle.

If [PAGE] is pressed when the screen shown in Figure 4.29 is displayed, the second page of the Channel 1 main menu will appear on the screen as shown in Figure 4.30.

[F1 ]

C1 FILTER >

[F2]

INVERT< OFF

[F3]

SUM < OFF #

[F4]

XSUM < OFF

Second Page of Channel 1 Main Menu

Figure 4.30

4-32

Where: FILTER > [F1] selects the next submenu which allows

selection of filters from 1 to 100 MHz in 1,3 steps or the filters may he selected OFF by using the [F2] key on the filter menu.

INVERT > IF2] selects the function which ifiverts the Channel

1 waveform. IF2] toggles this line from OFF to ON (inverted) and back again. The zero reference value is automatically

adjusted by the invert command. SUM > [F3] selects the function which sums the Channel 2

signal into the Channel 1 signal and disconnects the Channel 2

signal from its output. Repeatedly pressing [F3] when Figure

4.30 is displayed will cause the SUM line to switch from OFF to

ON and back again. ON results in the Channel 2 waveform being summed into the Channel 1 waveform.

XSUM > IF4] selects the External Sum input on the front panel and enables or disables it.

With the second page of the Channel 1 main menu on display

(Figure 4.30), pressing [Page] again will cause the third and last

page of that menu to appear on the screen, Figure 4.31.

Page 97

Control Panel Operation 4

[F1 ]

C1 CALIBRATE <

Third Page of Channel 1 Main Menu

Figure 4.31

Pressing [F1] when this menu page is displayed results in automatic calibration of the amplitude and offset conditions in the Model 9100. The screen display will change to say CALIBRATION IN PROCESS and the 9100/CP will be locked

out of operation until the calibration is complete, when the screen will again change to say CALIBRATION COMPLETE. At that point, pressing any key will cause the 9100/CP and the Model 9100 to function in accordance with the command

inherent in that key.

[F2] [F3] [F4] are not used in this page of the Channel 1 main

menu.

As shown above, the Channel 1 main menu has a total of nine parameters. Of those, four (OUTPUT, INVERT, SUM and

XSUM) are [F] key toggled, while one (CALIBRATE) results in a direct action.

Three of the remaining four parameters (C1 AMP, OFFSET, ZREF) are controlled via parameter-deka submenus. In each

case, accessing the parameter-delta submenu will display the current or default value of the parameter, and changes can be

made in that value by direct entry or by use of the MORE and LESS prompts.

When Figure 4.30 is displayed, pressing [F1] will access the filter submenu, which is similar (but not identical) to

parameter-delta submenu. The filter submenu has an ON/OFF toggle, allowing [F2] to

shut the filter off. [F3] and [F4] represent prompts for MORE and LESS, but the filter control has no delta. This is because the filters in the 9100 are in fixed increments; 1 MHz to

100 MHz in 1,3 steps.

4-33

Page 98

Control Panel Operation

Channel 2 Waveform Attribute Menus

Accordingly, if the filter is set at 1 MHz, pressing [F3]

(MORE) will change the setting to 3 MHz, then 10 MHz,

30 MHz, 100 MHz and (finally) off (which is displayed as Pressing [LESS] however, will step the filter value through the

same sequence in reverse. Any value can be entered in the screen that says FILTER NEW

FILTER, but the instrument will automatically select the next higher bandwidth of the five filters between 1 MHz and

100 MHz. Entering 15 MHz, for example, will result in the

9100 acting as if 30 MHz was entered.

To access the Channel 2 main menu, press the [CHAN 2] key and the first page of a three page Channel 2 main menu will

appear on the 9100/CP screen.

The Channel 2 main menu allows setting of amplitude, offset, filter, output, Z reference, and invert commands for Channel 2

independent of the settings for Channel 1. The Channel 2 main menu is with one exception identical in

form and use to the Channel 1 main menu described above. That exception is that there is no SUM command or XSUM

(external sum command) in the Channel 2 main menu; to sum

Channel 2 into Channel 1, or use XSUM, use the Channel 1 main menu.

Controlling The Timebase

4-34

When the [CLOCK] key is pressed, the first of two timebase

main menu pages appears on screen, Figure 4.32.

NOTE: If standard functions have been selected then the message: "No clock control standard function in process" will

appear. All clock control in standard function is via the standard function frequency or period selections.

[F1]

CLOCK RATE>

[F2]

CLOCK PERIOD>

IF3]

CLOCK LEVEl.>

IF4]

CLOCK SRC<

First Page of Tlrnebase Main Menu

INT

Figure 4.32

Page 99

Control Panel Operation 4

Where: CLOCK RATE > [F1] selects the next submenu which allows

setting of internal clock repetition rate from0.05 Hz to 200 MHz. Units can be Hz, kHz, or MHz.

CLOCK PERIOD > IF2] selects the next submenu which allows setting of the internal clock period from 5 nsec to 10 seconds.

Units can be nsec, ~.sec, msec, or sec.

NOTE: Although the 9100/CP displays the above parameters with only 4 digits of precision, up to 9 digits can be entered (8

if a decimal point is used). The entire number entered is transferred to the AFG, and the timebase is adjusted to a point as close to that as is possible, even though the CP only displays the 4 most significant digits.

CLOCK LEVEL > [F3] selects the next submenu which allows setting of the threshold detection level if an external clock is

used. Can be set from -2.5 V to +2.5 V with three digits of resolution.

CLOCK SRC < IF4] selects the function which toggles between an internal or external clock source.

NOTE: When the internal clock is used, the user does not have

to set both clock rate and clock period. One is the inverse of the other, and changing either one will automatically adjust the

other accordingly. Selection of which to use is subject solely to

user preference.

Press [PAGE] when Figure 4.32 is shown, and the second page of the timebase main menu will appear, Figure 4.33.

[F1] IF2] [F3]

Where: CLOCK SLOPE < IF1] is used to specify which edge of an

externally applied clock signal will cause transitions of the analog output.

The default is the positive edge and the [F1] key acts as a toggle.

CLOCK SLOPE< POS CLOCK REF< INT

CLOCK MODE < MASTER

CLK

Second Page of Tlmebase Main Menu

Figure 4.33

4-35

Page 100

Control Panel Operation

CLOCK REF < [F2] determines the source of the 4 MHz reference signal required by the AFG’s phase-lock loop. The

default is the internal 4 MHz crystal (IN’r). The IF2] key toggles the selected source to the rear-panel CLOCK IN REF connector (EXT).

CLOCK MODE < [F3] is used to select master or slave clock operating mode. Master mode is the default setting.

CLOCK_MODE,SLAVE is used to synchronize one 9100 Series AFG to another.The unit placed in SLAVE mode uses the

signal on the CLOCK IN (EXT) rear panel BNC connector its clock. This signal is assumed to come from the CLOCK OUT

2 rear panel BNC connector of another 9100 which is in CLOCK MODE MASTER.

NOTE: CLOCK OUT 1 provides continuous output at the clock frequency. Only CLOCK OUT 2 is suitable for MASTER/SLA VE

operation.

Upon entering slave mode, CLOCK SOURCE defaults to

EXTERNAL, CLOCK SLOPE defaults to positive, and CLOCK LEVEL defaults to -200 mV. The previous settings are restored upon receipt of a CLOCK MODE, MASTER command. While in slave mode, the CLOCK SOURCE and CLOCK SLOPE

cannot be changed. CLOCK LEVEL can be changed. Also, while a unit is in slave mode, TRIGGER MODE settings have

no effect. The trigger delay is controlled by the absence of clock pulses from the master 9100. Trigger settings entered

while in SLAVE mode will correctly take effect when the clock mode is changed to MASTER. Other commands that have no

effect in SLAVE mode are: CRAT, CPER, MDEL, DMOD. To use two 9100’s in master/slave operation, do the following:

1. Set one of the 9100’s to clock mode slave and connect a

cable from the master’s CLOCK OUT 2 to the slave’s CLOCK IN (EXT).

LOAD and LINK the desired waveforms on both 9100s.

3. Issue "GO;" to the slave.

Issue "GO;" to the master.

NOTE: Steps 3 and 4 must be done in that order. Any time the master aborts wave form generation, whether because of an ABORT command or because of a change of trigger settings, etc., both master and slave must be aborted and GO’s issued in the proper order. Failure to issue GO to the slave first while the

master is still stopped will result in loss of synchronization.

The START, SYNC and MARKER outputs of the master unit may be used, those of the slave unit are disabled.

4-36

LeCroy 9101, 9109, 9100 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual