Leadtek LR9101 User Manual

LR9101

GPS Module

1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1

1.1. F

1.2. A

EATURES.........................................................................................................................1

DVANTAGES...................................................................................................................2

2. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................2

2.1. M

2.2. H

2.3. S

2.4. M

2.5. R

2.6. E

2.7. P

2.8. R

ODULE ARCHITECTURE..................................................................................................2

ARDWARE FEATURES.....................................................................................................3

OFTWARE FEATURES ......................................................................................................3

ECHANICAL SPECIFICATION ...........................................................................................3

ECOMMENDED GPS ANTENNA SPECIFICATION ..............................................................4

NVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATION.....................................................................................4

RODUCT COMPLIANCE.....................................................................................................4

EFERENCE DESIGN ..........................................................................................................5

3. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................6

3.1. P

3.2. D

3.3. A

3.4. T

3.5. S

3.6. B

3.7. D

OSITION AND VELOCITY ACCURACY ................................................................................6

YNAMIC CONSTRAINS.....................................................................................................6

CQUISITION TIME

IMING 1PPS OUTPUT.......................................................................................................7

ENSITIVITY .....................................................................................................................7

ATTERY BACKUP (SRAM/RTC BACKUP) .......................................................................7

IFFERENTIAL AIDING ......................................................................................................7

..........................................................................................................6

3.7.1. Differential GPS (DGPS).........................................................................................7

3.7.2. Satellite Based augmentation System (WASS/EGONS) ...........................................7

4. HARDWARE INTERFACEPOWER SUPPLY..................................................................8

4.1.

SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................8

4.1.1. Pin Positions ............................................................................................................8

4.1.2. Pin Assignment.........................................................................................................9

5. SOFTWARE INTERFACE.................................................................................................10

5.1. NMEA

5.2. S

OUTPUT MESSAGES.............................................................................................10

IRF BINARY ..................................................................................................................10

6. MECHANICAL DRAWING AND FOOTPRINT............................................................11

6.1. O

6.2. R

UTLINE DRAWING ........................................................................................................11

ECOMMENDED FOOTPRINT ( BOTTOM VIEW )................................................................12

7. AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING COMPONENTS ..................................................13

7.1. R

7.2. P

7.3. P

EEL AND TAPING SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................13

OLYSTYRENE ALLOY TAPING SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................14

OLYSTYRENE ALLOY TAPING DRAWING ......................................................................14

8. ROHS COMPLIANT INFORMATION............................................................................15

8.1. R

OHS SOLDERING PROFILE.............................................................................................15

Reflow Profile.........................................................................................................................15

GLOSSARY..................................................................................................................................16

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

1. Introduction

The Leadtek GPS 9101 module (LR9101) is a high sensitivity, high gain, low po wer and very compact Surface Mount Device (SMD). This 20-channel global positioning system (GPS) receiver is designed for a broad spectrum of OEM applications and is based on the fast and deep GPS signal search capabilities of SiRFStarIII™ architecture. Leadtek GPS 9101 is designed to allow quick and easy integration into GPS-related applications, especially for compact size devices, such as:

PDA, Pocket PC and other computing devices Fleet Management / Asset Tracking AVL and Location-Based Services Hand-held Device for Personal Positioning and Navigation

1.1. Features

Hardware and Software

Based on the high performance features of the SiRF Star III single chip Built-in high gain amplifier and bandpass filter RoHS compliant (lead-free) Compact module size for easy integration: 15x14x2.8 mm (590.6x551.2x110.2 mil). SMT pads allow for fully automatic assembly processes equipment and reflow soldering SiRFLocTM Client AGPS support

Performance

Cold/Warm/Hot Sta r t Time: 42 / 38 / 1 sec. Reacquisition Time: 0.1 second RF Metal Shield for best performance in noisy environments Multi-path Mitigation Hardware

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

Interface

TTL level serial port for GPS communications interface Protocol: NMEA-0183/SiRF Binary (default NMEA) Baud Rate: 9600, 19200 bps (default 9600)

1.2. Advantages

Ideal for compact size devices Data / Power / RF through surface mount pads Cost saving through elimination of RF and board to board digital connectors Flexible and cost effective hardware design for different application requirements Secure SMD PCB mounting method

2. Technical specifications

2.1. Module architecture

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

2.2. Hardware Features

Based on the high performance features of the SiRF Star III single chip Built-in high gain amplifier and bandpass filter

Compact module size for easy integration: 15x14x2.8 mm (590.6x551.2x110.2 mil) SMT pads allow for fully automatic assembly processes equipment and reflow soldering RoHS compliant (lead-free)

2.3. Software Features

The Leadtek 9101 module includes GSW3, the SiRF standard GPS software for SiRFStarIII receivers, the default configuration is as follows:

Item Description

Core of firmware SiRF GSW3 Baud rate 9600, 19200 bps (default 9600) Code type NMEA-0183 ASCII Datum WGS-84 Protocol message GGA, GSA, GSV, GLL, RMC,VTG Output frequency 1 Hz

2.4. Mechanical specification

The Physical dimensions of the Leadtek 9101 GPS Module are as follow:

Items Description

Length 15.0 ± 0.1 mm (590.6 ± 4 mil) Width 14.0 ± 0.1 mm (551.2 ± 4 mil) Height 2.80 ± 0.3 mm (110.2 ± 12 mil) Weight 1g

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

2.5. Recommended GPS Antenna Specification

This GPS 9101 receiver is designed for use with passive antenna.

Parameter Specification Antenna Type Right-hand circular polarized passive antenna Frequency Range 1575.42 ± 1.023 MHz

2.6. Environmental Specification

Item Description

Operating temperature rang -40 deg. C to +85 deg. C Storage temperature range -55 deg. C to +100 deg. C Humidity up to 95% non-condensing or a wet bulb temperature of +35 deg. C Altitude 18,000 meters (60,000 feet) max.

Velocity Jerk 20 meters/second3, max.

Acceleration 4g, max.

2.7. Product compliance

RoHS: Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive will com e into force on 1st July

2006, all electronic products sold in the EU must be free of hazardous materials, such as lead. Leadtek is fully committed to being one of the first to introduce lead-free GPS products while maintaining backwards compatibility and focusing on a continuously high level of product and manufacturing quality.

FCC/CE: The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent United States

government agency, directly responsible to Congress. The FCC is charged with regulating

515 meters/second (1000 knots) max.

interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable. The FCC’s jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. possessions.

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

2.8. Reference design

All ground pads attach directly to ground plane by way of via. All components are reference only

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

3. Performance Characteristics

3.1. Position and velocity accuracy

10 meters, 2D RMS

Position

Accuracy

Velocity 0.1 meters/second Time 1 microsecond synchronized to GPS time

3.2. Dynamic constrains

Altitude 18,000 meters (60,000 feet) max.

Dynamic

Conditions

Velocity 515 meters/second (1000 knots) max.

Acceleration 4g, max.

Jerk 20 meters/second

3.3. Acquisition time 1

Mode

5 meters 2D RMS, WAAS corrected <5meters(50%), DGPS corrected

, max.

Leadtek 9101 GPS

Module

TTFF Hot

(valid almanac, position, time & ephemeris)

TTFF Warm

(valid almanac, position, & time)

TTFF Cold

(valid almanac)

re-acquisition

(<10 s obstruction with valid almanac, position,

time & ephemeris)

Note 1: Open Sky and Stationary Environments.

1 s

35 s

42 s

100 ms

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

3.4. Timing 1PPS output

The 1PPS output width of the Leadtek 9101 GPS Module is 1µs.

3.5. Sensitivity

Parameter Description

Tracking Sensitivity -159 dBm Acquisition Sensitivity -155 dBm

3.6. Battery backup (SRAM/RTC backup)

During ‘Powered down’ condition, the SRAM and RTC (Real Time Clock may be kept operation by supplying power from VBATT. The Leadtek 9101 GPS module can accept slow VBATT supply rise time (unlike many other SiRFstarII based receivers) due to an on-board voltage detector.

3.7. Differential aiding

3.7.1. Differential GPS (DGPS)

DGPS specification improves the Leadtek 9101 GPS Module horizontal position accuracy to <4M 2dRMS.

3.7.2. Satellite Based augmentation System (WASS/EGONS)

The Leadtek 9101 GPS Module is capable of receive SBAS(WASS and EGONS) differential corrections. SBAS improves horizontal position accuracy by correcting GPS signal errors caused by ionospheric Disturbances, timing and satellite orbit errors.

Both SBAS and DGPS should improve position accuracy. However, other factors can affect accuracy, such as GDOP, multipath, distance from DGPS reference station and latency of corrections.

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

4. Hardware InterfacePower supply

Parameter Leadtek 9101 GPS Module

Input voltage Current (typ) at full power (3.3V) 70mA Battery backup voltag 3.3V

4.1. specifications

4.1.1. Pin Positions

3.0 ~ 5.0 VDC

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

4.1.2. Pin Assignment

PIN Name Type Description

1 RF_Gnd RF RF Ground 2 RF_IN RF RF input 3 VSS PWR Ground 4 RESETN I System reset (active low); In normal operation this pad should

be left floating. Active pull-up is not recommended

5 VCC_IN PWR 3.0 ~ 5.0 VDC input 6 VSTBY PWR 2.0 ~ 5.0 VDC RTC backup battery supply 7 RXB I TTL level asynchronous input for UART B 8 TXB O TTL level asynchronous output for UART B

9 GND 2 Ground 10 TXA O TTL level asynchronous output for UART A 11 RXA I TTL level asynchronous input for UART A 12 GPIO1 I Reserved, general purpose IO 13 GPIO14 I Reserved, general purpose IO 14 TIMEMARK O 1 PPS time mark output 15 GPIO13 I Reserved, general purpose IO 16 GPIO15 I Reserved, general purpose IO

Note 2: There are two more shielding case ground pads, please refer the recommended

footprint.

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

5. Software interface

The host serial I/O port of the module’s serial data interface supports full duplex communication between the module and the user. The default serials are shown in Table 5-1.

Port Protocol Description

Port A NMEA 0183, 9600 bps GGA, GSA, GSV, GLL, RMC, VTG Port B

5.1. NMEA output messages

The output NMEA (0183 v3.0) messages for the receiver are listed in Table 5-2. A complete

N/A N/A

Table 5-1 Leadtek 9101 GPS module default baud rates

description of each message is contained in the SiRF NMEA reference manual.

5.2. SiRF binary

A complete description of each binary message is contained in the Leadtek SiRF Binary Protocol

reference manual.

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

6. Mechanical drawing and

footprint

6.1. Outline Drawing

Items Description

Length 15.0 ± 0.1 mm (590.6 ± 4 mil) Width 14.0 ± 0.1 mm (551.2 ± 4 mil) Height 2.80 ± 0.3 mm (110.2 ± 12 mil)

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

6.2. Recommended footprint ( Bottom view )

Note 3: These two shielding case ground pads should attach directly to a ground plane.

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

7. Automated manufacturing components

7.1. Reel and taping sp ecifications

(Unit : mm)

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

7.2. Polystyrene Alloy Taping Specifications

10 sprocket hole pitch cumulative tolerance ±0.20mm Carrier camber is within 1mm in 100mm A0 and B0 measured on a plane 0.3mm above the bottom of the pocket K0 measured from a plane on the inside bottom of the pocket to the top surface of the carrier All dimensions meet EIA-481-2 requirements 22” 1R= 63M 3000PCS 13”21M 1000PCS

7.3. Polystyrene Alloy Taping Drawing

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

8. RoHS compliant information

By July 1, 2006, all electronic products sold in the EU must be free of hazardous materials, such as lead. Leadtek is filly committed to being one of the fir st to introduce lead-free GPS Products while maintaining backwards compatibility and focusing on a continuously high level of product and manufacturing quality.

8.1. RoHS soldering profile

Reflow Profile

High quality, low defect soldering requires identifying the optimum temperature profile for reflowing the solder paste. To have the correct profile assures components, boards, and solder joints are not damaged and reliable solder connection is achievable. Profiles are essential for establishing and maintaining processes. You must be able to repeat the profile to achieve process consistency. Th e heating and cooling rise rates must be compatible with the solder paste and components. The amount of time that the assembly is exposed to certain temperatures must first be defined and then maintained. The following is an example of a typical thermal profile.

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

Glossary

A-GPS

Assisted GPS or AGPS is a technology that uses an assistance server to cut down the time needed to find the location. Although GPS provides excellent position accuracy, position fixes require lines of sight to the satellites. In regular GPS networks there are only GPS satellites and GPS receivers. In A-GPS networks, the receiver, being limited in processing power and normally under less than ideal locations for position fixing, comm unicates with the assistance server that has high processing power and access to a reference network. Although dependent on cellular coverage, AGPS processing is quicker and more efficient than regular GPS.

API

An application programming interface is a set of definitions of the way one piece of computer software communicates with another. One of the primary purposes of an API is to provide a set of commonly used functions, such as to draw windows or icons on the screen. Programmers can then take advantage of the API by making use of its functionality, saving them the task of programming everything from scratch.

Baud Rate

Is a measure of the signaling rate, which is the number of changes to the transmission media per second in a modulated signal. For Example: 250 baud means that 250 signals are transmitted in one second. If each signal carries 4 bits of information then in each second 1000 bits are transmitted. This is abbreviated as 1000 bit/s.

Dead Reckoning

The process of estimating your position by advancing a known position using course, speed, time and distance to be traveled. It is figuring out where you will be at a certain time if you hold the speed, time and course you plan to travel.

Differential GPS (DGPS)

An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to transmit position corrections to GPS receivers. DGPS reduces the effect of selective availability, propagation delay, etc. and can improve position accuracy to better than 10 meters.

EGNOS

A satellite navigation system being developed by the European Space Agency, the European Commission, and EUROCONTROL. It is intended to supplement the GPS and GLONASS systems by reporting on the reliability and accuracy of the signals. According to specifications, horizontal position accuracy should be better than 7 meters. In practice, the horizontal position accuracy is at the meter level. It will consist of three geostationary satellites and a network of ground stations. Similar service is provided in America by the WAAS system. See WAAS.

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System

See EGNOS.

LNA

A special type of electronic amplifier or amplifier used in communication systems to amplify very weak signals captured by an antenna. It is usually located at the antenna and is a key component, which is placed at the front-end of a receiver system.

Low Noise Amplifier

See LNA.

Multi-path mitigation

Anticipating errors caused when a satellite signal reaches the GPS receiver antenna by more than one path. Usually caused by one or more paths being bounced or reflected off of structures near the antenna and occurs to some extent everywhere. The signal which traverses a longer path will y ield a larger pseudo range estimate and increase the error.

NMEA

An U.S. standards comm ittee that def ine s data m es s age structure, contents, and protocols to allow the GPS receiver to communicate with other pieces of electronic equipment.

National Marine Electronics Association

See NMEA.

1PPS

Pulse which is generated once per second. GPS and some radio clocks and related timekeeping gear have a pulse-per-second or PPS signal that is needed for high accuracy time synchronization. The PPS signal can be connected in either of two ways, either through the data leads of a serial port or through the modem control leads. Either way requires conversion of the PPS signal, Most GPS devices emit an rs-232 serial stream with some kind of timestamp format. Many GPS devices are small realtime systems with the satellite tracking done at high priority, positioning done at medium priority, and time output done at low priority. The timestamps often have +- 200 ms of jitter (variance in delay), and output a PPS signal on the exact second.

SMD

Electronic device components that are mounted directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In the industry it has largely replaced the previous construction method of fitting components with wire leads into holes in the circuit board (also called through-hole technology).

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

Surface Mount Device

See SMD.

TCXO

An electronic device that uses the mechanical resonance of a physical crystal to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency and can be embedded in integrated circuits. TCXO reduces the environmental changes of temperature, humidity, and vibration, to keep a stable output frequency.

Temperature Controlled Crystal Oscillator

See TCXO.

Time To First Fix (TTFF)

The time it takes a GPS receiver to find satellites after you first turn it on, when the GPS receiver has lost memory, or has been moved over 300 miles from its last location. Standard TTFF Timing consists of:

Mode Requires Timing

Snap Start Hot + Clock + Sat Pos 3 minutes off Hot Start Warm + Ephemeris 30 minutes off Warm Start Position Accuracy

Time Accuracy Almanac

Cold Start Nothing N/A

Specifications are typical times assuming good satellite visibility and above threshold signal strengths.

WAAS

A system of satellites and ground stations that provide GPS signal corrections for better position accuracy. A WAAS-capable receiver can give you a position accuracy of better than three meters, 95 percent of the time. (At this time, the system is still in the development stage and is not fully operational.) WAAS consists of approximately 25 ground reference stations positioned across the United States that monitor GPS satellite data. Two master stations, located on either coast, collect data from the reference stations and create a GPS correction message.

<500 KM <2 hours <1 year

Wide Area Augmentation System

See WAAS.

LR9101 Specifications Sheet Rev. 0.5

Leadtek Research Inc. 18F, 166, Chien-Yi Rd., Chung Ho, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan (235)

Version 0.2 July/06

Leadtek LR9101 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual