Lamtec LT2, LS2 User Manual

www.lamtec.de

Sensors and Systems for Combustion Engineering

User Manual

Lambda Transmitter LT2

Lambda Probe LS2

2

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1 Validity of these Instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.1 Explanation of the Symbols in the Safety Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.2 Proper Use - Conditions of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.3 Permissible Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.4 Safety Equipment/Safety Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.5 Protection Against Emissions from Gas Carrying Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.6 Important Notes on Shutdown/Return to Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.7 Environmental Protection, Waste Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.2 Brief Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4 Technical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.1 Advantages of the Measurement Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.2 LT2 Lambda Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.2.1 LT2 Lambda Transmitter in Wall Mounting Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.3 Cold-start Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4.4 Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.4.1 Display and Operating Unit Type 657R0831 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.4.2 Remote Display Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4.4.3 Calculation of Combustion Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4.4.4 Calculation of the CO

2

Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4.4.5 Firing Rate Dependent and Fuel Specific Limit Values/Limit Curves. . . . . . . . . 18

4.4.6 1 ... 4 Analogue Output (0/4 ... 20 mA, 1 ... 10 V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5 LAMTEC SYSTEM BUS (LSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5.1 Jumpers, LED, Fuses and Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5.2 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6 Commissioning/Decommissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

6.1 Preliminary Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

6.1.1 The LT2 Lambda Transmitter's Display and Operating Elements . . . . . . . . . . . 20

6.1.2 Monitor Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

6.1.3 Internal Display and Operating Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

6.2 Decommissioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

6.3 Return to Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

6.4 Measurement Start-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

6.4.1 Install the Probe in the PIF and Align the GED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

6.4.2 Setting up Service Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

7 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7.1 Operation/Measurement Value Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7.1.1 Measurement Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7.1.2 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

7.1.3 Status Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

7.1.4 Operating Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3

Table of Contents

7.2 General Instructions for Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

7.2.1 Measurement During Distinct Pressure Surges at the Measuring Site . . . . . . . 32

7.2.2 Operational Failure, Switching On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

7.2.3 Liquid Purification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

8 Service and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8.1 Checking the O2 Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8.1.1 Checking the Air Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

8.1.2 Checking by Counter Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

8.2 Checking the LT2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

8.2.1 Checking the LT2's Measuring Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

8.3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

8.3.1 Consumables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

9 Faults/Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

9.1 Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

9.2 Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

9.3 Resetting Faults/Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

9.3.1 Faults - Causes and Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

9.3.1.1 Probe voltage too low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

9.3.1.2 Defective LS2 Probe Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

9.3.1.3 Broken Wire Probe/Defective Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

9.3.1.4 No Probe Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

9.3.1.5 Fault Analogue Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

9.3.1.6 O2 Value Is Incorrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

9.4 Warnings - Causes and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.4.1 LS2 Internal Resistance too High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.4.2 Offset Voltage to Air Invalid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.4.3 Analogue Inputs 1/2/3/4 Input Value too Large/too Small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.4.4 Configuration Error at Analogue Outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.4.5 Service Warning 1/Service Warning 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

10 Spare Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

10.1 LT2 Spare Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

10.2 Spare Parts Lambda Probe LS2 in Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

10.3 Spare Parts LS2-HT Lambda Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

11 Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

11.1 Technical Data LT2 Lambda Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

11.1.1 Technical Data LT2 in Wall Mounting Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

11.2 Technical Data LS2 Lambda Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

11.3 Technical Data LS2-HT Lambda Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

11.3.1 Terminal Assignment terminal socket for Probe HT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

11.4 Electric Connections Device Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

11.4.1 Jumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

11.4.2 DIP Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

11.4.3 Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

11.4.4 LT2 Power Electronic Type 657E1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

11.5 Wet/Dry Measurement Deviations, Conversion Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

12 Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

4

1 General Information

1 General Information

1.1 Validity of these Instructions

Content of this Operating Manual

This Operating Manual describes the Lambda Transmitter LT2 with all components necessary
for O2 measurement, such as the Lambda Probe LS2, the probe installation fitting, etc.

Accessories and special applications

Information on accessories and special applications is provided in the booklets supplied with
the particular systems. This information can be obtained from the manufacturers, at the Wall­dorf address.

This Operating Manual explains the functioning, mounting, installation, maintenance and op­eration of the Lambda Transmitter LT2. Other booklets, such as Product Information for exam­ple, provide further information but must never be used as a substitute for this Operating
Manual.

CAUTION!

Always read the Operating Manual before starting work!
Please adhere strictly to all warnings/safety instructions!

For particular tasks, for example electrical installation, specialised knowledge is required.
These tasks may only be carried out by suitably qualified personnel. See chapter 2.3 Permis-
sible Users.

Validity

Our products undergo constant redevelopment. However, we make every effort to ensure that
the Operating Manual is accurate and relevant to individual applications.

All previous editions are rendered obsolete on publication of an updated and corrected new
edition.

On the last page you will find the current version number of this Operating Manual and the
corresponding order number.

5

2 Safety

2 Safety

2.1 Explanation of the Symbols in the Safety Notes

The following symbols are used in this document to draw the user's attention to important safe­ty information. They are located at points where the information is required. It is essential that
the safety information is observed and followed, and that applies particularly to the warnings.

DANGER!

This draws the user's attention to imminent danger. If it is not avoided, it will result in death or
very serious injury. The plant including its surroundings could be damaged.

WARNING!

This draws the user's attention to the possibility of imminent danger. If it is not avoided, it may
result in death or very serious injury. The plant including its surroundings could be damaged.

CAUTION!

This draws the user's attention to the possibility of imminent danger. If it is not avoided, it may
result in minor injuries. The plant including its surroundings could be damaged.

NOTICE

This draws the user's attention to important additional information about the system or system
components and offers further tips.

The safety information described above is incorporated into the instructions.

Thus, the operator is requested to:

1 Comply with the accident prevention regulations whenever work is being carried out.

2 Do everything possible within his control to prevent personal injury and damage to prop-

erty.

6

2 Safety

2.2 Proper Use - Conditions of Use

Application

The LT2 Lambda Transmitter is an O2 measuring instrument for the continuous measurement
of O2 concentration in non-combustible gases in the super-stoichiometric domain, in conjunc­tion with the LS2 Lambda Probe.

Suitable for gas measurements with a small proportion of combustible components
(< 10,000 ppm), for example in flue gases of combustions systems.

Admissible fuels:

• Non-interacting gaseous hydrocarbons

• Light oil

• Coal

• Biomass (wood)

NOTICE

Direct measurements in combustion gases are not possible.

If the system is to be used in some other way, and if the instrument's functionality in this ap­plication cannot be unambiguously assessed, the manufacturer should be contacted in ad­vance.

Prerequisites

It is assumed that facility planning, assembly, installation, commissioning, maintenance and
service works are carried out by sufficiently trained personnel, and these works are supervised
by qualified specialists.

Correct handling

Special attention must be paid to the following:

– The application must conform to the technical data and the specifications regarding au-

thorised use, assembly, connection, environmental and operational conditions (derived
from the job documentation, the instrument's user information, rating plates etc), and to
the documentation supplied.

– The local regulations and facility-specific and technical hazards must be noted and fol-

lowed.

– All steps necessary to protect the equipment, e.g. during transport, storage, maintenance

and inspection, should be carried out.

7

2 Safety

2.3 Permissible Users

Qualified personnel

The person responsible for safety absolutely must guarantee that

• only qualified personnel perform work on the system parts.
Due to their training, education, experience, or instruction and due to their knowledge of
pertinent standards, provisions, accident prevention regulations, and system conditions,
qualified personnel are authorized to perform these tasks by the person responsible for
the safety of people and the system. It is decisive that this personnel must be able to rec­ognise and prevent risks on time.

Experts are considered to be people according to DIN VDE 0105 or IEC 364 or directly
comparable standards like DIN 0832.

• These persons must have access to the provided operating manual and any pertinent or­der-related documentation during all work and observe these documents within the scope
of preventing risks and damage.

User groups

For the handling of the Lambda Transmitter LT2, three user groups are required:

• Service technicians of LAMTEC or its OEM customers and/or trained customer personnel:

– Qualified technicians/engineers  have very good knowledge of the device.
– SERVICE access level - password-protected

• Operators, customer fitters, technicians for instrumentation and control technology, elec­tricians, and electronic engineers  have introductory knowledge of the device.

– CUSTOMER access level - password-protected

• Operating personnel with basic knowledge

– OPERATION access level - no password

8

2 Safety

2.4 Safety Equipment/Safety Measures

Hazards from electrical equipment

The LT2 Lambda Transmitter and the Lambda Probe is equipment for use in industrial electri­cal power installations. Always switch off the power when working on mains connections or
mains voltage. If contact protection has been removed, reattach it before switching on the
power supply again. Damage to health or equipment may result from improper use or improp­er handling.

NOTICE

To avoid damage, always observe the respective security notices.

Preventive measures for improving operating safety

If the LT2 is used in conjunction with control and steering technology, the operator must ensure
that any breakdown or failure of the LT2 device does not cause inadmissible damage or dan­gerous operating states. To avoid faults which could cause direct or indirect personal or ma­terial damage, the operator must ensure that:

• the responsible maintenance personnel can be reached at any time and as quickly as pos­sible

• the maintenance personnel are trained to correctly respond to faults with the LT2 Lambda
Transmitter and the associated malfunctions

• in the case of doubt, the faulty equipment can be switched off immediately

• A switch-off does not lead to direct follow-up problems.

Avoiding consequential damages

To avoid consequential damages in the event of failure, which could cause direct or indirect
personal or material damage, the owner must ensure that qualified personnel can assess the
faults and initiate appropriate measures to tackle them.

2.5 Protection Against Emissions from Gas Carrying Channels

The Lambda Transmitter LT2 is attached directly to the gas-carrying duct by the probe instal­lation fitting (PIF) and the mating flange. If the LS2Lambda Probe or the probe installation fit­ting (PIF) is removed, the operating system, especially if pressurised, can cause corrosive
and/or hot gas to escape from the duct through the flange, causing severe injury to the oper­ator if the operator is unprotected and if appropriate safety precautions have not first been tak­en.

WARNING!

Discharge of hot, corrosive gases!

With pressurised gas, corrosive gases and/or temperatures higher than 200 °C in the gas-car­rying duct, gases can escape if the Lambda Probe LS2 or the probe installation fitting (PIF) is
removed

 Before opening, switch off the installation. If this is not possible, put on protective clothing

and masks

 Place appropriate warning signs in the vicinity of the unit

 Reseal the opening immediately. Appropriate sealing flanges (blind flanges) are available

as accessories

9

2 Safety

2.6 Important Notes on Shutdown/Return to Service

The Lambda Transmitter and the Lambda Probe form a high quality electronic system. Treat
them with care at all times, including during shut-down, transport and storage.

Shut-down

NOTICE

Do not switch the Lambda Transmitter off as long as the Lambda Probe is mounted; including
when the relevant facility has been shut down. Residual gases cause corrosion and may dam­age system parts.

 Do not store the instruments outdoors without protection!

Always store in a dry place, if possible in the original packaging.

 When dismantling, protect cable ends and plugs against corrosion and dirt. Corroded

plugs may cause malfunction.

 If possible, transport in the original packaging.

WARNING!

Danger of burns!

Probe becomes hot during operation.

If the probe is operated when removed, there is a danger of burns on the probe housing.

 Never lay the probe on flammable material and heat it up.

 Wear protective gloves

Return to service

According to chapter 6 Commissioning/Decommissioning.

2.7 Environmental Protection, Waste Disposal

The design of Lambda Transmitter and LS2 is also based on environmental considerations.
The modules can easily be separated and sorted into distinct types, and recycled accordingly.

10

3 Overview

3 Overview

3.1 System Overview

The LT2 Lambda Transmitter is an all-purpose O2 measuring device based on microprocessor
for direct measurement of the O2 concentration under super-stoichiometric range (λ > 1) used
together with LS2 Lambda Probe.

Fig. 3-1 System overview LT2 Lambda Transmitter

11

3 Overview

3.2 Brief Description

Universal O2 measuring instrument, based on the LS2 Lambda Probe (zirconium dioxide volt­age probe), for the direct continuous measurement and monitoring of oil (EL) and gas com­bustion systems in the super-stoichiometric domain ( > 1)without special gas purification.

Fig. 3-2 LT2 Lambda Transmitter wall-mounting housing IP65
400x300x150 mm (HxWxD) type 657R102-...

Fig. 3-3 LS2 Lambda Probe, type 650R1000 with gas extraction device (GED) type 655R1001 - R1003
and probe installation fitting (PIF) type 655R1010

12

4 Technical Description

4 Technical Description

4.1 Advantages of the Measurement Principle

• No gas treatment needed, measurement directly in the humid flue gas

• Setting time at 90 %-value (T90) < 20 s

• Measuring gas temperature depending on the design up to 300 °C (572 °F)/up to 1200 °C
(2192 °F)

• Low heating power 15 ... 25 W
depending on the state of aging of the zirconium dioxide sensor

• Universal applicable

• Easy application

• Low-maintenance

13

4 Technical Description

4.2 LT2 Lambda Transmitter

4.2.1 LT2 Lambda Transmitter in Wall Mounting Case

NOTICE

Fuse replacement F1/F3 when changeover 230/115 VAC necessary !

Fig. 4-1 LT2 Lambda Transmitter in wall-mounting housing type 657R1025 with dis­play and operating unit type 657R0831

1 Display and operating unit

2 Probe and electronics trans-

former

3 Connection for Remote-Display-

Software (Option)

4 Connecting cable with plug for

display and operating unit

5 Electrical connections

6 BUS-interface alternative

LAMTEC SYSTEM BUS
(CAN BUS)

7 Operating mode display

multifunction push button
maintenance switch

8 Protective earth terminal for

cable screening

9 Monitor output

10 Mains connection (plug)

11 Terminal bar x 2

12 Relay module type 660R0017

Fig. 4-2 Change over power supply voltage

Accessible after removing the front panel with the main
switch (POWER)

14

4 Technical Description

4.3 Cold-start Delay

Serves to suppress false measurements while the probe warms up to operating temperature.
Cold-start delay is always activated after POWER OFF and probe replacement.

The cold-start delay can be aborted at any time

• via the multifunction key

• via the optional display and operating unit, see separate publication

• via Remote-Display-Software, see separate publication

During the cold-start delay, either

• a substitute value (factory setting), O

2

0 % vol. (P361)

• set the type of the substitute value for O2 in P362:

OFF: No output of the substitute value

ON: Output of the substitute value of the preceding parameter.

+Maintenance: (factory setting): Output of the substitute value of the preceding parameter,

even in maintenance mode.

+Maint.freeze: Output of the substitute value of the preceding parameter in the case of cold
start or error as hitherto. Additionally the preceding measurement value is freezed, as long as
maintenance mode is active.

The substitute value during cold start/error takes priority over the freezing of the measurement
value during maintenance.frozen

After a pre-heating period of 10 minutes the probe voltage stabilises to a value between
0 ... 20 mV and the AC inner resistance to a value below 100 .

15

4 Technical Description

4.4 Options

4.4.1 Display and Operating Unit Type 657R0831

Fig. 4-3 Optional with LT2 in wall-mounting housing type 657R102

16

4 Technical Description

4.4.2 Remote Display Software

The Remote Display Software is a PC software to configure the LT2. Use it instead of the dis­play and operating unit, and to store and restore the data set.

• Remote Display Software including interface RS 232 module for PC type 657R1101

• Other licences for the Remote Display Software type 657R1102

• Suitable with windows-based computers

• Connection with LT2 via RS 232 interface.

Refer to special documentation DLT1004.

Fig. 4-4 Remote Display Software

17

4 Technical Description

4.4.3 Calculation of Combustion Efficiency

The calculation follows the formula:

Calculation of exhaust gas losses is based on the following mean fuel values:

It is assumed that the combustion is CO and soot-free.
Exhaust gas losses through bound heat are not taken into account.

Measurement accuracy:
Temperature - better than 2 K
Efficiency/exhaust gas losses - better than 0.2 %

Electric connections:
depending on configuration/components

4.4.4 Calculation of the CO2 Concentration

Calculated by referring to the fuel from the measured O2 value and the CO2 maximum
value type 657R0910

The calculation follows the formula:

CO2 = CO2 max – (21 % -O2 / 21 %)

The calculation is based on the following max. CO2-contents at  = 1  O2 = 0 % vol.
referenced to dry exhaust gas.

Individual specification of CO2 max. is possible via the parameters 846, 862, 878 and 894.

hF= 100 (qAf + qAg) %

qAf= Exhaust gas loss through free heat

qAg= Exhaust gas loss through bounded heat

qAf=(tA - tL) * [A2/21 - O2 + B]

Oil
Gas

A2 = 0.68;
A2 = 0.66;

B = 0.007
B = 0.009

Display:
Efficiency
Exhaust gas losses
Exhaust gas temperature
Intake air temperature
Other ranges on request

0 ... 100 %
0 ... 100 %
0 ... 320 °C
0 ... 320 °C

Light fuel oil

Natural gas

Heavy fuel oil

Natural gas

EL 15.4 Vol. %

H 12.0 Vol. %

HFO 15.9 Vol.%

L 11.7 Vol. %