LaMotte 7-2000-UV User manual

UV/VIS

Spectrophotometer

User’s
Manual

7-2000-UV-MN

11.08.19

WARNING! This set contains chemicals

that may be harmful if misused. Read

cautions on individual containers

carefully. Not to be used by children

except under adult supervisionexcept under adult supervision.

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CONTENTS

OPERATION

 General Precautions ............................................................................................ 3

 Safety Precautions ............................................................................................... 3

 Power Supply ........................................................................................................... 3

Electrical ................................................................................................................. 3

Warning .................................................................................................................. 4

Radio Interference .................................................................................................. 4

 Components

Spectrophotometer Tubes ...................................................................................... 4

Cuvettes..................................................................................................................4

Sample Holders ...................................................................................................... 5

GENERAL OPERATING PROCEDURES

 Contents ................................................................................................................... 5

 Replacements and Accessories .................................................................. 5

 Installation ................................................................................................................ 6

 The Keypad ............................................................................................................... 6

 The Display and the Menus ............................................................................. 7

INITIALIZATION AND SYSTEM CALIBRATION

 Initialization .............................................................................................................. 9

 System Calibration ............................................................................................ 10

GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES

 Programmed Tests ............................................................................................11

Introduction ..........................................................................................................11

Testing with LaMotte Programmed Tests ............................................................. 12

Quick Start ............................................................................................................ 14

Sequence of Tests ................................................................................................ 16

Setup and Edit Sequences...................................................................................16

 User Defined Tests ............................................................................................. 18

Create a New Curve – By Standard Solution .......................................................19

Create a New Curve – By Coeffi cient ...................................................................27

Edit Curve .............................................................................................................31

Delete Curve ......................................................................................................... 32

Load Curve to Run ...............................................................................................34

Load Curve to Favorite Tests ................................................................................34

Favorite Tests ........................................................................................................36

 Run Test Using a Standard Curve ............................................................. 38

 %T/Absorbance ..................................................................................................... 39

 DNA/Protein.............................................................................................................42

SYSTEM SETUP

 Clock Set Up .......................................................................................................... 43

Set Time ................................................................................................................43

Set Date ................................................................................................................ 43

 Dark Current ........................................................................................................... 44

 Lamp Service ........................................................................................................ 44

 WL Calibration.......................................................................................................44

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WL Correction ......................................................................................................... 45

Firmware Version ..................................................................................................46

 Wavelength Calibration ...................................................................................46

Holmium Oxide Method .......................................................................................46

Didymium Method ................................................................................................47

Absorbance Accuracy Checks ............................................................................. 48

Stray Light Check .................................................................................................49

CONNECT TO PC .........................................................................................................49

TROUBLESHOOTING

 Trouble Shooting Guide ................................................................................... 50

 Error Messages .................................................................................................... 52

 Performance .......................................................................................................... 53

GENERAL INFORMATION

 Tungsten Halogen Lamp Replacement .................................................. 54

 Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 55

Cleaning ............................................................................................................... 55

Meter Disposal .....................................................................................................55

 Packaging and Delivery................................................................................... 55

 Limits of Liability ................................................................................................. 55

 Warranty ...................................................................................................................56

 Statistical and Technical Definitions ....................................................... 56

 Specifications ....................................................................................................... 58

 EPA Compliance ..................................................................................................58

 CE Compliance .................................................................................................... 58

CHEMICAL TESTING

 Overview ................................................................................................................... 59

 Water Sampling for Chemical Analysis .................................................60

Taking Representative Samples ........................................................................... 60

Sampling Open Water Systems ...........................................................................60

Sampling Closed Water Systems ........................................................................ 61

 Filtration ....................................................................................................................61

 In Introduction to Colorimetric

Analysis & Spectroscopy ......................................................................................... 61

 Reagent Blank.......................................................................................................62

 Selecting an Appropriate Wavelength .....................................................63

 Calibration Curves ............................................................................................. 63

 Preparing Dilute Standard Solutions ....................................................... 64

 Standard Additions ............................................................................................ 65

 Sample Dilution Techniques &

Volumetric Measurements ......................................................................................65

 Interferences.......................................................................................................... 66

 Stray Light Interference ................................................................................... 66

PROGRAMMED TESTS

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OPERATION

 General Precautions

The apparatus described in this manual is designed to be used by properly trained
personnel in a suitable equipped laboratory. For the correct and safe use of this
apparatus it is essential that laboratory personnel follow generally accepted safe
procedures in addition to the safety precautions called for in this manual. Read the
instruction manual before attempting to set up or operate this instrument. Failure to
do so could result in personal injury or damage to the equipment.

The covers on this instrument may be removed for servicing. However, the inside
of the power supply unit is a hazardous area and its cover should not be removed
under any circumstances. There are no serviceable components inside this power
supply unit. Avoid touching the high voltage power supply at all times.

The spectrophotometer should not be stored or used in a wet or corrosive
environment. Care should be taken to prevent water or reagent chemicals from wet
tubes or cuvettes from entering the Spectrophotometer chamber.

Never put wet tubes in the spectrophotometer.

 Safety Precautions

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes

Keep equipment and reagent chemicals out of the reach of young children.

 Power Supply

Electrical

The power supply is auto-ranging (100-230V). Two power cords are supplied. The
power cord shall be inserted in a socket provided with a protective earth contact.
The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without
a protective conductor.

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Warning

Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the apparatus or
disconnection of the protective earth terminal is likely to make the apparatus
dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

Whenever it is likely that the protection has been impaired, the apparatus shall be
made inoperative and be secured against any unintended operation. NEVER touch
or handle the power supply due to the high voltage.

The protection is likely to be impaired if, for example, the apparatus

• Shows visible damage

• Fails to perform the intended measurements

• Has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable conditions.

• Has been subjected to severe transport stresses

Radio Interference

For compliance with the EMC standards referred to in the EC Declaration of
Conformity, it is necessary that only shielded cables are used when connecting the
instrument to computers and accessories.

 Components

Spectrophotometer Tubes

Spectrophotometer tubes which have been scratched through excessive use
should be discarded and replaced with new ones. Dirty tubes should be cleaned
on both the inside and outside. Fingerprints on the exterior of the tubes can cause
excessive light scattering and result in errors. Handle the tubes carefully, making
sure the bottom half of the tube is not handled.

LaMotte Company makes every effort to provide high quality spectrophotometer
tubes. However, wall thicknesses and diameter of tubes may still vary slightly. This
may lead to slight variations in results (e.g. if a tube is turned while in the sample
chamber, the reading will likely change slightly). To eliminate this error put the
tubes into the sample chamber with the same orientation every time. The tubes
that are included with the spectrophotometer have an index mark to facilitate this. If
possible, use the same tube to scan the blank and scan the sample.

The glass spectrophotometer tubes can only be used above 260 nm.

Cuvettes

One quartz cuvette is included. Quart cuvettes may be used in the visible and
ultraviolet ranges but must be used below 260 nm. Glass cuvettes are only suitable
for the visible region above 260 nm. For the most accurate results, use the same
cuvette for the blank and the test sample.

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Sample Holders

The spectrophotometer is supplied with two removable sample holders. Each
holder is secured to the chamber with screws. The square sample holder will hold
10 mm square cuvettes. The square sample holder should be positioned so that
the row of screws on the top is on the right hand side. The universal sample holder
will hold round tubes of varying diameters. The universal sample holder should be
positioned with the V-channel toward the right side of the chamber and the white
roller toward the left side of the chamber. To use the universal sample holder, place
the tube between the white roller on the spring loaded arm and the V-channel on
the right side of the adapter. Press the tube down on the white roller to retract the
arm.

General Operating Procedures

Contents

Qty Description

1 Spectrophotometer

1 Power Cord

1 Cuvette, Quartz

6 Tubes, Glass, 10 mL

1 Universal Sample Holder

1 Square Sample Holder

1 Dust Cover

1 Manual

1 Quick Start Guide

Replacements and Accessories

Description Code

Tungsten Halogen Lamp 27290-UVH

Deuterium Lamp 27290-UVD

Cuvette, Quartz (1) 0292-Q

Tubes, Glass, 10 mL (6) 0290-6

K3 Analyst Software, with cable 7-2000-UV-CD

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Installation

1. After carefully unpacking the contents, check the materials with the packing list
to ensure that everything has been received in good condition.

2. Place the instrument in a suitable location away from direct sunlight. In order
to have the best performance from the instrument, keep it as far as possible
from any strong magnetic or electrical fi elds or any electrical device that may
generate high-frequency fi elds. Set the unit up in an area that is free of dust,
corrosive gases and strong vibrations.

3. Remove any obstructions or materials that could hinder the fl ow of air under and
around the instrument.

4. Turn on the instrument and allow it to warm up for 15 minutes before taking any
readings.

The Keypad

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Description of Key Functions

CLEAR/DEL Clear or delete

SET

LOAD Load saved curve

0A/100%T Blank (Set 0A

SAVE Save data

MODE Select type of

ESC Escape or back to

ENTER Confi rm

Set wavelength

and 100%T) or
establish baseline

measurement

previous screen

Scroll up

1-9 Numeric keys

PRINT Print test data

-/. Minus/Dot

Scroll down

The Display and the Menus

The display allows menu selections to be viewed and chosen. These choices
instruct the spectrophotometer to perform specifi c tasks. The menus are viewed
in the display using a general format which is followed from one menu to the next.
Each menu is a list of choices or selections.

There are fi ve lines in the display. The top line in each menu is a title or pertinent
instruction. The top line does not change unless a new menu is selected. The
second line is used in two ways. One way is to display additional information if the
top line is insuffi cient. The second line is also used to display menu choices. The
three additional lines are also used for menu choices.

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DISPLAY

TESTING MENU Title or Instruction

FIRST CHOICE

SECOND CHOICE Menu Choice Window

THIRD CHOICE

AND ANOTHER

AND SO ON

Think of the menu choices as a vertical list in the display which moves up or
down each time an arrow button is pressed. This list or menu is viewed through
a window, the menu choice window, in the display. Pushing the arrow buttons
brings another portion of the menu into menu choice window. This is referred to as
scrolling through the menu.

TESTING MENU TESTING MENU TESTING MENU

FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE ANOTHER

SECOND CHOICE ANOTHER AND ANOTHER

ANOTHER

AND ANOTHER AND SO ON

AND SO ON

AND ANOTHER AND SO ON

The highlighted line will have a reverse font – blue fi gures on a white background.
As the menu is scrolled through, different choices will be highlighted. Pressing the
ENTER button, or other buttons as directed, will select the menu choice that is
highlighted

The ESC button allows an exit or escape from the current menu and a return to the
previous menu. This allows a rapid exit from an inner menu to the main menu by
repeatedly pressing the ESC button. The spectrophotometer may be turned off at
any moment.

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Initialization & System Calibration

 Initialization

1. Turn on the spectrophotometer by
pressing the Power Switch (IO) on
the back of the instrument. The
instrument will automatically run a
self-initialization check. The display
will show the status of the checking
procedure.

2. Initializing

3. Initializing

4. Press EXIT to skip the 15 minutes
warm up. Not recommended.

Initializing

Booting System:

Check clock.....

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Booting System:

Check clock..... 

Locating lamp...

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Booting System:

Locating lamp... 

Locating filter...

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Initializing 15 : 00

Booting System:

Locating filter...... 

Warm up 15 min...

Press ESC to skip...

5. Press ENTER to select NO and
skip the system calibration and go
to the Main menu.

Or

Press to go to YES. Press ENTER
to select YES and begin the System
calibration. Press EXIT to skip the 15
minutes warm up. Not recommended.

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Initializing 15 : 00

Booting System:

Warm up 15 min... 

System calibration...

Please select : NO NO

System Calibration

After the 15 minute warm up, choose to run a full System Calibration or not. The
system calibration mode is used to establish or re-establish the accuracy of the
wavelength selection process. Normally, the System Calibration procedure should
be run after the spectrophotometer is turned on and allowed to warm up for 15
minutes or if operating conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) change signifi cantly.
If previously saved data is lost the instrument will automatically run the system
calibration.

If NO is chosen, the instrument will use the previously saved calibration data and
the display will move to the main menu and will be ready to use.

If YES is selected, the instrument will go through the system calibration. The display
will show the system calibration process.

Dark current

Booting System:

arm up 15 min... 

W

System calibration

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Goto end...

Booting System:

arm up 15 min... 

W

System calibration

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Search end...

Booting System:

arm up 15 min... 

W

System calibration

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Goto 546nm...

Booting System:

arm up 15 min... 

W

System calibration

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

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The system calibration is complete and the instrument is ready for use and will go
to the main menu.

12:30 05/03/14

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES

 Programmed Tests

Introduction

The Programmed Tests mode is used to run all LaMotte Programmed Tests with
LaMotte test reagent systems. This is also where Test Sequences are set up and
edited.

1. Press the power switch on the
back of the instrument to turn the
instrument on. The Initializing
screen will appear.

2. Press ENTER to select No. The
main menu screen will appear.

3. Scroll to Programmed Tests. 12 : 00 05/03/14

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 11

Initializing

Booting System:

Locating filter... 

System calibration...

Please select : NO NO

12 : 00 05/03/14

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

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4. Press ENTER to select

Programmed Tests. In the
Programmed Tests menu there are
three alterable sequences and one

All Tests fi xed sequence.

Programmed

1 Sequence 1

2 Sequence 2

3 Sequence 3

4 All Tests

Testing With LaMotte Programmed Tests

The following is a step by step example of how to run a test from the Programmed
Tests/All Tests menu. These test procedures are designed to be used with LaMotte
Spectrophotometer reagent systems.

1. Initializing 15 : 00

Booting System:

Locating filter ...

Warmup 15 min...

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

2. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

Allow instrument to warm up for 15
minutes.

Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select No and skip

the system calibration.

Or press and press ENTER to
select YES and begin the system
calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select

Programmed Tests.

12 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15

Initializing

Booting System:

Warm up 15 min... 

System calibration...

Please select : NO NO

12 : 00 05/03/14

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

Programmed

1 Sequence 1

2 Sequence 2

3 Sequence 3

ests NO

4 All T

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5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select
All Tests.

All Tests

1 Alkalinity-UDV

2 Aluminum

3 Ammonia-N LF

Press “Enter” to Run

6. Scroll to the desired test. The
spectrophotometer is ready to scan
the blank. The proper wavelength
has been selected.

7. Insert the blank. Press ENTER
to scan the blank. Wait for the
instrument to blank. The blank has
been stored.

8. Insert the reacted sample. Press
ENTER to scan the sample. The
result will be displayed.

All Tests

13 Ca & Mg Hard-UDV

14 Carbohydrazide

15 Chlorine

Press “Enter” to Run

Chlorine 515nm

0.000A 99.9%T

No. Abs ppm

Chlorine 515nm

0.209

No. Abs ppm

*01 0.212 0.309

9. Press PRINT to print the result
when connected to a printer. Turn
the spectrophotometer OFF. Or
insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan
another sample. Or press ESCAPE
to exit to a previous menu or make
another menu selection.

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Quick Start

1. Press the power switch on the
back of the instrument to turn the
instrument on. The Initializing
screen will appear.

2. Press ENTER to select
Programmed Tests.

3. Scroll to and press ENTER to select
All Tests.

4. Scroll to the desired test. The
spectrophotometer is ready to scan
the blank. The proper wavelength
has been selected.

Initializing 15 : 00

Booting System:

Locating filter ...

Warmup 15 min...

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Programmed

1 Sequence 1

2 Sequence 2

3 Sequence 3

ests NO

4 All T

All Tests

1 Alkalinity-UDV

2 Aluminum

3 Ammonia-N LF

Press “Enter” to Run

All Tests

13 Ca & Mg Hard-UDV

14 Carbohydrazide

15 Chlorine

Press “Enter” to Run

5. Insert the blank. Press ENTER
to scan the blank. Wait for the
instrument to blank. The blank has
been stored.

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Chlorine 515nm

0.000A 99.9%T

No. Abs ppm

6. Insert the reacted sample. Press

ENTER to scan the sample. The
result will be displayed.

7. Press PRINT to print. Insert
another sample and press ENTER.
Press ESCAPE to exit. Or turn
spectrophotometer OFF.

Chlorine 515nm

0.209

No. Abs ppm

*01 0.212 0.309

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Sequences of Tests

All Tests is a fi xed sequence containing the LaMotte Programmed Tests.

Any of the lamotte programmed tests may be placed in these sequences in
whatever testing order that is preferred. Some examples of typical sequences are
given below.

Modifi cation of the alterable sequence is accomplished with the LOAD and
CLEAR/DEL buttons. Pressing EXIT while in a sequence menu will escape back
to the Programmed Tests menu. Pressing the power button at any time will turn
the spectrophotometer off.

SEQUENCE 1 SEQUENCE 2 SEQUENCE 3

60 Molybdenum LR 1 Aluminum 3 Ammonia-N L F

79 Phosphate 35 Cyanide 32 Copper DDC

9 Bromine LR

76 pH TB 53 Iron Phen 67 Nitrite-N LR

15 Chlorine 55 Manganese L 74 pH CPR

86 Silica HI 64 Nitrate N LR 78 Phosphate L

45 Hydrazine 26 COD Low 85 Silica Lo

32 Copper DDC 77 Phenols

51 Iron Bipyr 78 Phosphate L

90 Sulfide LR

41 Fluoride 64 Nitrate-N LR

Setup and Edit Sequences

The three test sequences (Sequence 1, Sequence 2, and Sequence 3) can
be edited. This allows a sequence or test that is used frequently to be set up for
easy access. The order of the sequence can be arranged to suit the needs of the
user. Any combination, and order of tests from All Tests may be placed into these
sequences. User Defi ned Tests cannot be added to these sequences but are
saved in a separate Favorite Tests sequence

1. Scroll to and select Programmed
Tests.

16 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15

Programmed

1 Sequence 1

2 Sequence 2

3 Sequence 3

4 All Tests NO

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2. Scroll to and select All Tests. All Tests

1 Alkalinity-UDV

2 Aluminum

3 Ammonia-N LF

Press “Enter” to Run

3. Scroll to the desired test. All Tests

2 Aluminum

3 Ammonia-N LF

3 Ammonia-N LS

Press “Enter” to Run

4. Press LOAD. Programmed

1 Sequence 1

2 Sequence 2

3 Sequence 3

Press “ENTER” to Run

5. Scroll to the sequence where the

test will be loaded (Sequence 1,
Sequence 2, or Sequence 3).
Press ENTER.

6. Press ENTER. The test will be

loaded to the test sequence. The
All Tests menu will be diplayed.

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 17

Programmed

1 Sequence 1

2 Sequence 2

3 Sequence 3

Press “Enter” to Load

All Tests

1 Alkalinity-UDV

2 Aluminum

3 Ammonia-N LF

Press “Enter” to Run

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7. To remove a test from a sequence,
highlight the test and press
CLEAR/DEL. Scroll to YES.

Sequence 1

4 Ammonia-N LS

2 Aluminum

1 Alkalinity-UDV

Are you sure : YES NO

8. Press ENTER to confi rm. The
test will be removed from the
sequence.

Sequence 1

4 Ammonia-N LS

1 Alkalinity-UDV

Press “Enter” to Run

 User Defined Tests

A curve for an undefi ned test method must be defi ned and established before
quantitative tests can be run. The instrument has an open platform that allows
custom curves to be established. The established curves will be saved as defi ned
tests in the User Defi ned Test list.

Quantitative

1 Create New Curve

2 Edit Curve

3 Delete Curve

4 Load Curve

This instrument allows the user to:

• Create new curves by standard solution or coeffi cient

• Edit predefi ned and saved curves

• Delete predefi ned and saved curves

• Load predefi ned and saved curves

• Add predefi ned and saved curves to the favorite test folder for easy and fast
access

A standard curve can be established by using known Standards solution or using a
known coeffi cient.

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Create a New Curve – By Standard Solution

1. Press the power switch on the
back of the instrument to turn the
instrument on. The Initializing
screen will appear.

2. Press ENTER to select No. Initializing

3. The main menu screen will
appear.

4. Scroll to User Defi ned Tests. 12 : 00 05/03/14

Initializing 15 : 00

Booting System:

Locating filter ...

Warmup 15 min...

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Booting System:

Locating filter...

System calibration...

Please select : NO NO

12 : 00 05/03/14

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

5. Press ENTER to select User
Defi ned Tests. The Quantitative
menu will be displayed.

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Quantitative

1 Create New Curve

2 Edit Curve

3 Delete Curve

4 Load Curve

6. Press ENTER to select (1). Create

New Curve.

Create Curve

1 By Standards

2 By Coefficient

7. Use and to select (1)
By Standards. Press ENTER to

confi rm the selection.

8. Select the Units

1 Unit is highlighted. Use and
to scroll through the unit list (ppm,
ppb, ng/ul, ng/ml, g/l, mg/l, %). Press
ENTER to confi rm the unit selection.

9. Select the Wavelength

Use (0) to (9) numerical keys to
enter the desired wavelength (i.e.
500 nm). Press ENTER to confi rm the
wavelength selection.

10. Select the Curve Type

There are two kinds of curves; Linear
or Linear through zero. Press
and to choose, Press ENTER to
confi rm the curve selection.

Standard

1 Unit

2 WL

3 Curve

Select Unit : ppm NO

Standard

1 Unit ppm

2 WL

3 Curve

Enter WL : 515_

Standard

1 Unit ppm

2 WL

3 Curve

Curve Mode : Linear NO

Standard

2 WL 500nm

2 Curve Linear

4 No of Stds

Enter number (2-8) : 2_

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11. Select the Number of
Standards

Enter how many standards will be used
to establish the curve. A minimum of
two standards is required. Up to a
maximum of eight standards can be
used. Use the numerical keys to enter
the number of standards. Press ENTER
to confi rm the selection.

Standard

3 Curve Linear

4 No of Stds 2

5 Repeat Times

Enter number (1-3) : 3_

12. Select the Number of
Repetitions

Up to 3 standard solutions of the
same concentration standard can
be measured. The average will be
used for the fi nal calculation. Use the
numerical key to enter the desired
repeat times of measurement for each
standard concentration. Insert the blank
reference fi rst before pressing ENTER.
Press ENTER.

13. Scan the Reference Blank

Insert the blank reference. Press
ENTER to blank.

14. Measure the Standards

After the parameters are set up and the
reference is blanked the instrument will
automatically proceed to measure the
standards. In this example:

1) Two standards

Goto 500nm 546nm

Blanking... 546nm

Std#1 500nm

Input Conc. 1=

2) Three repetitions for each

standard concentration.

Follow the step by step instruction on the display to measure the standard
samples.

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• Enter the concentration value of
the fi rst sample solution of the fi rst
standard.(i.e. 0.05). Press ENTER
to confi rm. The concentration
value will be displayed on the
screen.

Std#1 500nm

Input Conc. 1=0.05

• Insert the fi rst sample of the fi rst
standard into the cuvette holder in
the optical path.

• Press ENTER to measure it. The
measured absorbance value will
be displayed.

• Enter the concentration value of
the second sample of the fi rst
standard. Insert that solution into
the cuvette holder in the optical
path. Press ENTER to measure it.

• Repeat the same procedures
for the third sample of the fi rst
standard.

Std#1 500nm

1 0.050

Insert 1-1 Enter

Std#1 500nm

1 0.050 0.918

2 0.050

Insert 1-2 Enter

Std#1 500nm

1 0.050 0.918

2 0.050 0.680

3 0.050

Insert 1-3 Enter

Std#1 500nm

1 0.050 0.918

2 0.050 0.680

3 0.050 0.495

Confirm? YNO

After the last sample of the fi
Confi rm? Y with Y highlighted. Review and press ENTER to confi rm the
measurements.

Follow the instructions on the display to measure the rest of the standards.

22 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15

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rst standard is measured the display will show

www.GlobalTestSupply.com

Note: To measure the fi rst standard again if an error occurs, use and to
switch to Confi rm? N. Press ENTER to repeat the measurements.

Std#2 500nm

Input Conc. 2=0.052

Std#2 500nm

1 0.052

Insert 2-1 Enter

Std#2 500nm

1 0.052 0.918

2 0.052

Insert 2-2 Enter

Std#2 500nm

1 0.052 0.918

2 0.052 0.680

3 0.052

Insert 2-3 Enter

After the last standard sample solution has been measured the display will show
Confi rm? Y. To continue to processing the data. Select Y.

Std#2 500nm

1 0.052 0.918

2 0.052 0.680

3 0.052 0.495

Confirm to Continue? Yes

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 23

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15. Save the Curve

The display will show Confi rm to
Save? Yes. Press ENTER to save the
curve in the memory for future use.

Std#2 500nm

1 0.052 0.918

2 0.052 0.680

3 0.052 0.495

Confirm to Save? Yes

If Confi
and the curve will be displayed on the screen. Use to switch the display between
the curve and the equation. Press ENTER to start the sample test. (The curve will
be used for one-time test only.)

The newly established curve can be saved:

1) In sequence in the fi rst available slot after the last saved curve on the list

2) to replace a standard curve

3) to the previously deleted curve slot that is open

The established curve is saved by default to the next available slot in the numerical
sequence unless another slot is chosen.

16. When Yes is selected the slot

rm to Save? No is selected and confi rmed,the curve will not be saved

Saving 500nm

after the last saved curve will be
highlighted. Press ENTER to
save in that slot. (Take note of the
sequence number of the saved
curve).

To save the curve in any other open
slot or to replace an existing saved
curve, use and to highlight
the open slot or saved curve. Press
ENTER to save.

1 0.052 0.918

2 0.052 0.680

3 0.052 0.495

Up to 200 curves can be saved. The 201 curve will replace the 001 curve and be
saved in the 001 slot. To choose a slot other than 001 for the new curve, use
and to choose another slot.

24 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15

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Replace Stds :

001

002 C=+1.000*A+1.000

003 C=+0.562*A-0.346

Please Select!

Saving...

001

002 C=+1.000*A+1.000

003 C=+0.562*A-0.346

Please Select!

17. Replace a Previously Saved Curve

To save the new curve in another open slot or
to replace an existing previously saved curve,
use the and to highlight the open slot
or saved curve, press ENTER to save.

18. Display the Curve and Equation

The standard curve will be displayed
regardless of the choice to save or not save
the curve. Use and to switch the
display between the curve and the equation. If
the curve has not been saved before, it can be
saved now by pressing the SAVE button.

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 25

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0.698

Abs

0

0.000 Cone 0.057

001 500nm

Conc=K*Abs+B

K=+0.562

B+=-0.341

r=0.990

+

+

19. Press ENTER to start to test

unknown samples.

(Go to page 38)

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Create a New Curve – By Coeffi cient

1. Press the power switch on the
back of the instrument to turn the
instrument on. The Initializing
screen will appear.

2. Press ENTER to select No. Initializing

3. The main menu screen will
appear.

4. Scroll to User Defi ned Tests. 12 : 00 05/03/14

Initializing 15 : 00

Booting System:

Locating filter ...

Warmup 15 min...

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Booting System:

Locating filter...

System calibration...

Please select : NO NO

12 : 00 05/03/14

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

5. Press ENTER to select User
Defi ned Tests. The Quantitative
menu will be displayed.

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 27

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Quantitative

1 Create New Curve

2 Edit Curve

3 Delete Curve

4 Load Curve

6. Press ENTER to select (1). Create

New Curve.

Create Curve

1 By Standards

2 By Coefficient

7. Use and to highlight 2
By Coeffi cient. Press ENTER to

confi rm the selection.

8. Select the Units

Use and to scroll through
the unit list (ppm, ppb, ng/ul, ng/
ml, g/l, mg/l, %). Press ENTER to
confi rm the unit selection.

9. Select the Wavelength

Use (0)~(9)numerical keys to enter
the desired wavelength (i.e. 500
nm). Press ENTER to confi rm the
wavelength selection.

10. Enter the Slope K Value of the

Standard Curve

Coefficient

1 Unit

2 WL

3 Coef. K=

Select Unit : ppm NO

Coefficient

1 Unit

2 WL

3 Coef. K=

Input WL : 546 NO

Coefficient

1 Unit

2 WL

3 Coef. K=

Input K : 0.000 NO

Coefficient

1 Unit ppm

2 WL 500nm

3 Coef. K=

Input K= 0.05_

Press ENTER.

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11. Enter the Intercept B Value Coefficient

2 WL 500nm

3 Coef. K=0.050

3 Coef. B=

Input B= 0.1_

Press ENTER.

12. Save the Curve

The display will show Confi rm to
Save? Yes. Press ENTER to save
the curve in the memory for future
use.

Coefficient

2 WL

3 Coef. K=0.050

3 Coef. B=0.100

Confirm to Save : YES NO

13. When Yes is selected the slot

after the last saved curve will be
highlighted. Press ENTER to
save in that slot. (Take note of the
sequence number of the saved
curve).

To save the curve in any other open
slot or to replace an existing saved
curve, use and to highlight
the open slot or saved curve. Press
ENTER to save.

Up to 200 curves can be saved. The 201 curve will replace the 001 curve and be
saved in the 001 slot. To choose a slot other than 001 for the new curve, use
and to choose another slot.

Replace Stds :

001

002 C=+1.000*A+1.000

003 C=+0.562*A-0.346

Please Select!

Saving 500nm

1 0.052 0.918

2 0.052 0.680

3 0.052 0.495

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Saving...

001

002 C=+1.000*A+1.000

003 C=+0.562*A-0.346

Please Select!

14. Replace a Previously Saved Curve

To save the new curve in another open slot or
to replace an existing previously saved curve,
use the and to highlight the open slot
or saved curve, press ENTER to save.

15. Display the Curve and Equation

The standard curve will be displayed
regardless of the choice to save or not save
the curve. Use and to switch the
display between the curve and the equation. If
the curve has not been saved before, it can be
saved now by pressing the SAVE button.

0.698

+

+

Abs

0

0.000 Cone 0.057

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001 500nm

Conc=K*Abs+B

K=+0.562

B+=-0.341

r=0.990

16. Press ENTER to start to test

unknown samples.

(Go to page 38).

Edit Curve

At the Quantitative menu... Quantitative

1 Create New Curve

2 Edit Curve

3 Delete Curve

4 Load Curve

1. Use and to highlight 2 Edit
Curve. Press ENTER to confi rm

the selection.

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 31

Edit Curve

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Please Select!

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1. Use and to highlight 2
Edit Curve. Press ENTER to
confi rm Press ENTER and Edit
Unit, Wavelength and any other

parameter setting. Then run the
standards measurement with the
new standards solutions to re­establish the curve. The newly
established curve will replace the
previously saved curve.

Note: Press ESC to cancel editing before measuring the new standards.

Delete Curve

At the Quantitative menu... Quantitative

1 Create New Curve

2 Edit Curve

3 Delete Curve

4 Load Curve

1. Use and to highlight 3
Delete Curve. Press ENTER to

confi rm the selection.

2. Use and to highlight the
curve to be deleted.

Press ENTER to confi rm your
selection.

32 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15

Delete Curve

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Please Select!

Delete Curve

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Please Select!

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3. The default setting to confi rm the
selection is No. Use and
to switch to Yes and press ENTER
to confi rm to continue the deleting
process.

Delete Curve

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Press ESC to cancel delete and
return to the previous screen.

Note: Press ESC to cancel editing before measuring the new standards.

4. To avoid possible an accidental
deletion, Are you sure: NO is
displayed. Press ESC to stop the
deleting process.

5. To delete the curve, switch to Yes
using and button.

Press ENTER to permanently
remove the curve from the
memory.

Now the sequence slot is open. Delete Curve

Deleting Curve?? NO NO

Delete Curve

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Are you sure : NO NO

Delete Curve

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

001

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

NO

Please Select!

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Load Curve to Run

At the Quantitative menu... Quantitative

1 Create New Curve

2 Edit Curve

3 Delete Curve

4 Load Curve

1. Use and to highlight 4
Load Curve.

Press ENTER to go to the Load
Curve screen.

2. Press ENTER to load the
highlighted curve and run the
test.

Load Curve

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Press “Enter” to Run

Loading...

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Press “Enter” to Run

Load Curve to Favorite Tests

Favorite Tests is designed for easy access to the most frequently used curves.

At the Quantitative menu... Quantitative

1 Create New Curve

2 Edit Curve

3 Delete Curve

4 Load Curve

1. Use and to highlight 4
Load Curve.

Press ENTER to get into the Load
Curve screen.

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Load Curve

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Press “Enter” to Run

2. Use and to highlight the
curve.

Press LOAD to load the curve to

Favorite Tests.

Note: The curve will also be kept in the general saved curve list.

Loaded!!

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Press “Enter” to Run

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 35

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Favorite Tests

Favorite Tests is alterable sequence that allows a series of User Defi ned Tests
that are run frequently to be set up. The curves may be placed in the sequence in
whatever testing order is preferred. Programmed Tests cannot be added to this
sequence but are saved in separate sequences (Sequence 1, Sequence 2, and
Sequence 3) in the Programmed Tests menu.

1. Press the power switch on the
back of the instrument to turn the
instrument on. The Initializing
screen will appear.

2. Press ENTER to select No. Initializing

3. The main menu screen will
appear.

4. Scroll to User Defi ned Tests. 12 : 00 05/03/14

Initializing 15 : 00

Booting System:

Locating filter ...

Warmup 15 min...

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Booting System:

Locating filter...

System calibration...

Please select : NO NO

12 : 00 05/03/14

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

5. At the Quantitative menu ,use
and to highlight 5 Favorite
Tests.

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Quantitative

2 Edit Curve

3 Delete Curve

4 Load Curve

5 Favorite Tests

6. Press ENTER to confi rm the
selection.

7. Select the desired curve in the
favorite tests list and press ENTER
to run test.

Favorite Tests

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Press “Enter” to Run

8. To remove a curve from the Favorite
Tests folder highlight the curve
and press CLEAR/DEL. Then
reconfi rm the selection to remove
the curve.

Favorite Tests

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Are you sure : NO NO

Removing...

001 C=+0.562*A-0.341

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Favorite Tests

002 C=+0.050*A+0.100

Press “Enter” to Run

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 37

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 Run a Test Using a Standard Curve

Follow the instruction described in the previous section in this manual to load the
standard curve.

1. Place a blank reference in the
optical path. Press 0A/100%T to
blank.

2. Place a sample in the optical path
and press ENTER to measure. The
Absorbance and Transmittance
value of the current sample will
be displayed. The concentration
value and the Absorbance value of
the sample will be logged into the
table.

3. Repeat the above procedure to
measure the other samples.

+0.562*A-0.341 500nm

Blanking...

No. ABS ppm

+0.562*A-0.341 500nm

0.*19A 12.0%T

No. ABS ppm

* 01 0.919 0.175

+0.562*A-0.341 500nm

0.*680 20.8%T

No. ABS ppm

01 0.919 0.175

*02

0.680 0.041

4. To delete a test result in the table, move * to highlight the test result and press
CLEAR/DEL to delete it.

5. Press PRINT to print the test results.

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 %T/Absorbance

1. Press the power switch on the
back of the instrument to turn the
instrument on. The Initializing
screen will appear.

2. Press ENTER to select No. Initializing

3. The main menu screen will
appear.

4. Scroll to %T/Abs. 12 : 00 05/03/14

Initializing 15 : 00

Booting System:

Locating filter ...

Warmup 15 min...

LAMOTTE SMART SPECTRO

Booting System:

Locating filter...

System calibration...

Please select : NO NO

12 : 00 05/03/14

1 Programmed Tests

2 User Defined Tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

1 Programmed Tests

2 User defined tests

3 %T/Abs

4 DNA/Protein

5. Press ENTER to select %T/Abs.
The display will show the current
wavelength setting.

%T/Abs 546nm

0.000A

100.0%T

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 39

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6. Press SET to reset the

wavelength. Enter the desired
wavelength.

%T/Abs 546nm

0.000A

100.0%T

Enter WL : 500_

7. Press ENTER to confi rm the

wavelength. The instrument will go
from the previous wavelength (546
nm) to the desired wavelength (500
nm).

%T/Abs 500nm

0.000A

100.0%T

Note: At this point, the instrument must be blanked before measuring a sample.

8. Fill a clean cuvette or tube with
distilled or deionized water or other
specifi ed solvent. This is the Blank.
Wipe the cuvette with a lint-free wipe
to remove fi ngerprints and droplets
of liquid.

9. Place the Blank in chamber. Close
the lid.

10. Press 0A/100%T to set 0.000A or
100%T. The instrument will set the
blank.

%T/Abs 500nm

Blanking

Note: If “Energy low!” is displayed
the reference may be too dark or the
light beam energy from the lamp is
too weak.

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11. Remove the Blank.

12. Rinse a cuvette or tube with a small
amount of sample solution. Fill the
cuvette or tube with the sample.
Wipe to remove fi ngerprints or
moisture.

13. Put the Sample in the chamber.
Close the lid.

14. The Sample test result will be
displayed.

%T/Abs 500nm

0.183A

65.6%T

15. Press ENTER to confi rm and log
the result. Up to 20 test results can
be logged. When the 21st test result
is confi rmed the fi rst test result will
be automatically removed from the
list.

Note: Press CLEAR/DEL to delete the test result displayed on the right. If no
test result is logged on the bottom line, the display will show that No Data!!! is
available to be deleted.

%T/Abs 500nm

0.000A

100.0%T

01 : 0.418 02 : 0.436

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No Data!!! 546nm

0.000A

100.0%T

To print the result press PRINT.

 DNA/Protein

There are three methods to choose for DNA Ratio, RNA ratio and concentrations of
RNA, dsDNA, ssDNA and olig. Follow step by step instructions on the display to
run the tests.

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SYSTEM SETUP

 Clock Setup

1. At the main menu select “System
Setup”.

Choose “Clock Setup” and press
ENTER to confi rm.

System Setup 546nm

1 Clock Setup

2 Dark Current

3 Lamp Service

4 WL Calibration

Set Time

1. Highlight Set Time. Clock Setup 546nm

1 Set Time 12 : 31 : 21

2 Set Date 31-03-11

2. Enter the time in the order of hour,
minute and second. For example
19:30:00 stands for 7:30 pm.

Clock Setup 546nm

1 Set Time 12 : 31 : 21

2 Set Date 31-03-11

HH. MM. S

S :

Set Date

1. Enter the date in the order of day
(DD), month (MM) and year (YY).
For example, 31-03-17 stands for
March 31, 2014.

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 43

Clock Setup 546nm

1 Set Time 12 : 31 : 21

2 Set Date 31-03-17

DD. MM. YY :

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 Dark Current

1. At System Setup select Dark Current
to check and refresh the system
dark current.

The circled value is the live dark
current value at 0-gain which should
not be zero or negative.

2. Press ENTER to refresh the dark
current: Press PRINT to view the
energy counts at different gain­setting (from 0 to 7).

 Lamp Service

1. At System Setup choose Lamp
Service to switch the deuterium

lamp off when it is not being used
to prolong the life of the lamp.
Choose Switch Point to select the
wavelength where the instrument
will switch between the Tungsten
Halogen lamp and the deuterium
lamp.

Dark current 546nm

00023 00047 00091

00180 00362 00720

01460 02913 00023

“Enter” to Refresh!

Energy 546nm

10268

Set ADM M=0...7

Lamp Service 500nm

1 Switch D2 : ON

2 Switch Point

 WL Calibration

1. At System Setup select WL
Calibration to recalibrate the system
and the wavelength.

Press ESC to return to System Setup without recalibrating the wavelength.

44 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15

Calibration

Calibration

Are you sure : Ye s

...???

546nm

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2. Press ENTER to select Yes and

recalibrate the wavelength.

Dark current 546nm

a) Recheck Dark Current

b) Move back to initial position. Goto end ... 546nm

c) Search the “0” order light for
re-positioning.

d) Finish wavelength calibration
and move to 546nm.

Calibration

Calibration

WL... 546nm

Calibration

Goto 546nm 546nm

Calibration

....

....

....

....

 WL Correction

The wavelength is pre-calibrated and can be recalibrated using the Wavelength
Calibration function. If for any reason the wavelength accuracy is off, it can be
adjusted by resetting it using the wavelength correction function in the system
setup.

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1. Choose WL Correction in the
System Setup menu. Use
and to select the correction
value. Press ENTER to confi rm the
adjustment. The correction range is
+8 nm to -7 nm.

 Firmware Version

Correction

Adjust value : +2nm

546nm

1. The fi rmware version can be
confi rmed from the System
Setup.

Hdwe : U926.42.02.10A

LaMotte

Model : UV2150

Software : KL.5.1.12

 Wavelength Calibration

Under normal conditions the LaMotte UV/VIS Spectrophotometer will retain the
wavelength calibration indefi nitely. However if the instrument receives a severe
shock or is abused, use the following methods to check the wavelength calibration.
The procedure requires a didymium wavelength calibration standard, or a holmium
oxide wavelength calibration standard.

A didymium wavelength calibration standard has two distinct absorbance peaks
at 529 nm and 807 nm. A holmium oxide wavelength calibration standard has a
distinct peak at 361 nm. When the instrument is calibrated properly the minimum
Transmittance (or maximum Absorbance) should be +2 nm from the target peak
values. Note that the specifi c Transmittance values are not important - only the
wavelength where the minimum transmittance (maximum Absorbance) occurs.

Holmium Oxide Wavelength Calibration Standard Method

1. Turn the instrument on and allow it to warm up for 15 minutes.

2. Select %T/Abs.

3. Set the wavelength to 350 nm.

4. Make sure the cuvette holder in the sample compartment is empty. Close the
sample compartment lid.

5. Set the Absorbance to zero by pressing 0A/100%T. The reading should be

0.000A. If not, press 0A/100%T again.

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6. Place the holmium oxide wavelength calibration standard in the sample
compartment and close the lid.

7. Record the Absorbance reading from the display.

8. Advance the wavelength setting by 1 nm and repeat steps 2 to 5.

9. Repeat step 8 until the wavelength setting reaches 370nm.

10. The maximum absorbance reading should be between 359 nm and 363nm.

Didymium Wavelength Calibration Standard Method

1. Turn the instrument on and allow it to warm up for 15 minutes.

2. Select %T/Abs.

3. Set the Wavelength to 800 nm.

4. Make sure the cuvette holder in the sample compartment is empty. Close the
sample compartment lid.

5. Set the Absorbance to zero by pressing 0A/100%T. The reading should be

0.000A. If not, press 0A/100%T again.

6. Place the didymium wavelength calibration standard in the sample
compartment and close the lid.

7. Record the Absorbance reading from the display.

8. Advance the wavelength setting by 1nm and repeat steps 2 to 5.

9. Repeat step 8 until the wavelength setting reaches 815 nm.

10. The maximum absorbance reading should be between 805 nm and 809 nm.

11. To check a wavelength in the middle range of the instrument, set the wavelength
to 522 nm.

12. Make sure the cuvette holder in the sample compartment is empty. Close the
sample compartment lid.

13. Set the Absorbance to zero by pressing 0A/100%T. The reading should be

0.000A. If not, press 0A/100%T again.

14. Place the didymium wavelength calibration standard in the sample
compartment and close the lid.

15. Record the absorbance reading from the display.

16. Advance the wavelength setting by 1nm and repeat steps 10 to 13.

17. Repeat step 14 until the wavelength setting reaches 536 nm. The maximum
absorbance reading should be between 527 nm and 531 nm.

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Absorbance Accuracy Checks

Specifi cation: +0.004A at 0.5A

The absorbance accuracy should be checked against a set of neutral density fi lters
accurately calibrated to the NIST standards.

An alternative method using potassium dichromate is described below. Due to the
many factors that might affect the results (i.e. temperature, band pass, weighing
and diluting errors), this method is less accurate and should only be used as a
guide.

Reference: Johnson E
Potassium Dichromate as an absorbance standard
PSG Bulletin 1967, No. 17, page 505

1. Use N/100 sulfuric acid as the solvent and then prepare a solution containing
120 +0.5 mg/L of potassium dichromate.

2. Wash out a square cuvette with solvent, and fi ll with solvent.

3. Put the cuvette into the sample compartment and close the lid.

4. Select %T/Abs. Set the wavelength to 350 nm.

5. Press OA/100%T to set the reading to 0.000A.

6. Empty the cuvette. Rinse the cuvette with the dichromate solution. Fill the
cuvette with the dichromate solution.

7. Put the cuvette into the sample compartment and close the lid.

8. Read the absorbance of the standard from the display. The value should be
Calibrated Value + 0.004A. Refer to the notes above when interpreting the
result.

Note: It is recommended that the Dark Current be refreshed before performing the
check.

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Stray Light Check

Specifi cation: Less than 0.3%T at 340nm by ASTM E 387

A good indication as to whether the stray light level is within specifi cation may be
obtained as follows:

1. Set the wavelength to 340nm.

2. Select %T/Abs with the sample compartment empty, close the lid and press the
0A/100%T key to set the display to 100.0%.

3. Prepare a solution containing 50 gm/L of sodium nitrite (NaNO
water and fi ll a square cuvette with this solution.

) in distilled

2

4. Place the cuvette in the sample compartment. Close the lid. The display should
read <0.3%T.

Note: It is recommended that you refresh the Dark Current before performing the
check.

 Connect to K3 Analyst

The optional Software (Code 7-2000-UV-CD) performs the following methods for
analysis:

• Absorbance/%Transmittance/Concentration at single or multi wavelengths:
measure the Absorbance, %Transmittance, Concentration/Standard, or
Concentration/Factor at a single wavelength or multi wavelengths within the
range of 200~1000 nm

• Standard Curve: create a calibration curve with up to 8 standard solutions at a
single wavelength to determine concentrations of unknown samples.

• Kinetics (Absorbance vs. Time Kinetics): measure a sample’s absorbance
change over a selected period of time, store the test results in data table, and
display the results graphically.

• Scanning (Absorbance/Transmittance vs. Wavelength): permit the operator to
scan at any wavelength range featuring zoom and peak/valley pick.

Requirements: Win XP or Win 7 operating system, 1GB RAM (1 GHz Pentium
processer or better), 500 MB of free space on memory, monitor, mouse, and
keyboard

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Troubleshooting

 Trouble Shooting Guide

Problem Possible Solution

Instrument
inoperative

Instrument cannot
set 100%T (0.000A)

Incorrect T%
to Absorbance
correlation

Power cord not connected to
outlet

Dead power outlet Change to a different outlet

Internal fuse blown or
defective electronic
component

Improper power input Check the power supply

Light beam blocked Check sample holder.

Lamp is misaligned Check to see if light

Lamp light is weak or lamp is
defective

Defective electronic
component

Bubbles or particles in
solution

Defective electronic
component

Plug instrument in.

Contact LaMotte technical
service or a LaMotte
distributor.

(100V-230V)

See if holder is properly
positioned and nothing is
blocking light path.

is focused properly
on entrance slit of the
monochromator. Contact
LaMotte Technical Service
or a LaMotte distributor.

Replace the lamp.

Contact LaMotte technical
service or a LaMotte
distributor.

Check sample preparation
and analytical procedure.

Contact LaMotte technical
service or a LaMotte
distributor.

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Display does not
change regardless
of sample
concentration

Instrument drift
and noise

Incorrect readings
obtained

Concentration reading
“frozen”

Wrong wavelength setting Check sample procedure

Insuffi cient sample volume Fill cuvette with more

Stray sample preparation
vapors

Bubbles or particles in
solution

Defective electronic
component or loose wiring

Lamp not adjusted properly
(misalignment)

Lamp old or defective Replace with a new lamp.

Defective or dirty detector
or defective electronic
component.

Insuffi cient sample volume Fill cuvette with more

Wrong wavelength setting Check analytical procedure

Stray sample preparation
vapors

Bubbles or particles in
solution

Instrument out of electronic
calibration

Sample solution too dark,
dilute solution and repeat
the measurement.

and wavelength setting.

sample solution.

Prepare the sample away
from the instrument. Use
proper ventilation.

Check sample preparation
and analytical procedure.

Contact LaMotte technical
service or a LaMotte
distributor.

Check lamp for proper
installation. Be sure lamp
has not moved during
transit.

Contact LaMotte technical
service or a LaMotte
distributor.

sample solution.

and wavelength setting.
Check wavelength
accuracy according to
procedure in this manual.

Prepare sample away from
instrument. Use proper
ventilation.

Check sample preparation
and analytical procedure.

Contact LaMotte technical
service or a LaMotte
distributor.

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 Error Messages

Error messages will be displayed in the instrument detects an error. Each error
message represents an error that has occured during the self calibration or during
operation.

Error Message Description Solution

Locating
lamp...X

Locating
filter…X

WL Zero­order!

Sys energy
low!

WL Sensor

1...X

Instrument unable
to locate the lamp
change-over switch

Instrument unable
to initialize and/or
locate the secondary
fi lter

Pass system
calibration and
WL calibration but
detects light beam
energy low

Unable to locate
the WL calibration
starting point

Unable to locate
the WL calibration
starting point

Contact LaMotte technical service or a
LaMotte distributor.

Contact LaMotte technical service or a
LaMotte distributor.

1. Light beam alignment is off or is
blocked.

2. Tungsten Halogen lamp is off or
dead.

3. Filter wheel is malfunctioning and
incorrect fi lter is brought into the optical
path.

Energy to the detector is low. The
0-order energy count is less than 35000.

1. Light beam alignment is off.

2. Filter wheel is malfunctioning and
incorrect fi lter is brought into the optical
path.

If ” WL sensor 1 …X” is shown after
humming (jamming):
Wavelength bar starting sensor is
malfunctioning or dead and the bar may
be jammed at the bar-front end.
Contact LaMotte technical service or a
LaMotte distributor.

if ” WL sensor 1 …X” is shown
without humming and wavelength­driving motor does not work, contact
LaMotte technical service or a LaMotte
distributor.

If wavelength-driving motor works,

1) Light beam is misaligned or blocked

2) Lamp is off/dead.
Contact LaMotte technical service or a
LaMotte distributor.

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WL Sensor

2...X

System
calibration...X

Energy low!! Lamp not on or dead.

Energy high!! 1. Secondary fi lter positioning is

Wavelength bar
reaches the back
end and triggers the
back-end protection
sensor

Unable to complete
system calibration

Contact LaMotte technical service or a
LaMotte distributor.

If Wavelength-driving motor does not
work, contact LaMotte technical service
or a LaMotte distributor.

If wavelength-driving motor works,

1) Light beam is misaligned or blocked
failing to reach the detector.

2) Lamp is off/dead.
Contact LaMotte technical service or a
LaMotte distributor.

1) Light is on but light beam fails to
reach detector.

2) Light may be blocked.

3) Reference is too dark.

4) Light optical path misaligned: not
focused on entrance slit; or internal
optics off aligned to cause light beam
not out from the exit slit to sample
compartment.

5) Secondary fi lter positioning is
malfunctioning.
Detector PCB malfunctioning (dark
current too small or negative or the
board is defective).
Contact LaMotte technical service or a
LaMotte distributor

malfunctioning.

2. Detector PCB malfunctioning (dark
current either too high or the board is
defective).
Contact LaMotte technical service or a
LaMotte distributor.

 Performance

To ensure that the instrument is working within its specifi cation, especially when
making measurements of an important nature, carry out performance checks
with particular reference to wavelength and absorbance accuracy. Performance
checks are detailed in this manual.

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GENERAL INFORMATION

 Tungsten Halogen Lamp Replacement

1. Use a screwdriver to loosen the screws and remove the cover on the back of
the instrument.

2. Loosen the 2 lamp-securing screws. Pull the bulb out and replace with a new
lamp (12V 20W) of the same type. The fi lament type must be identical. Secure
the new lamp with the locking screw. Tighten the screw fi rmly but do not over-
tighten to avoid damaging or breaking the lamp.

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 Maintenance

Cleaning

Clean with a damp, lint-free cloth.

DO NOT ALLOW WATER TO ENTER THE SPECTROPHOTOMETER CHAMBER OR
ANY OTHER PARTS OF THE METER.

Meter Disposal

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

Natural resources were used in the production of this equipment. This equipment
may contain materials that are hazardous to health and the environment. To avoid
harm to the environment and natural resources, the use of appropriate take-back
systems is recommended. The crossed out wheeled bin symbol on the meter
encourages you to use these systems when disposing of this equipment.

Take-back systems will allow the materials to be reused or recycled in a way that
will not harm the environment. For more information on approved collection, reuse,
and recycling systems contact your local or regional waste administration or
recycling service.

 PACKAGING & DELIVERY

Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate
protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments.
After the product leaves the manufacturer, all responsibility for its safe delivery is
assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be fi led immediately
with the transportation company to receive compensation for damaged goods.

Should it be necessary to return the instrument for repair or servicing, pack
instrument carefully in suitable container with adequate packing material. A return
authorization number must be obtained from LaMotte Company by calling 1-800­344-3100. Attach a letter with the authorization number to the shipping carton
which describes the kind of trouble experienced. This valuable information will
enable the service department to make the required repairs more effi ciently.

 LIMITS OF LIABILITY

Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life, property,
profi ts, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of their products.

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 WARRANTY

LaMotte Company warrants this instrument to be free of defects in parts and
workmanship for 1 year from the date of shipment. If it should become necessary
to return the instrument for service during or beyond the warranty period, contact
our Technical Service Department at 1-800-344-3100 or [e-mail]
for a return authorization number or visit www.lamotte.com for troubleshooting
help. The sender is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and
proper packaging to prevent damage in transit. This warranty does not apply
to defects resulting from action of the user such as misuse, improper wiring,
operation outside of specifi cation, improper maintenance or repair, or unauthorized
modifi cation. LaMotte Company specifi cally disclaims any implied warranties or
merchantability or fi tness for a specifi c purpose and will not be liable for any direct,
indirect, incidental or consequential damages. LaMotte Company’s total liability
is limited to repair or replacement of the product. The warranty set forth above is

inclusive and no other warranty, whether written or oral, is expressed or implied.

To register your meter with the LaMotte Service Department, go to www.lamotte.
com and choose SUPPORT on the top navigation bar.

 STATISTICAL AND TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS

RELATED TO PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Method Detection Limit (MDL): “The method detection limit (MDL) is defi ned as
the minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported
with 99% confi dence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is
determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing the analyte.”1
Note that, “As Dr. William Horwitz once stated, ‘In almost all cases when
dealing with a limit of detection or limit of determination, the primary purpose of
determining that limit is to stay away from it.’”

2

1. CFR 40, part 136, appendix B

2. Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and

L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 31.

Precision: Precision is the numerical agreement between two or more
measurements.3 The precision can be reported as a range for a measurement
(difference between the min and max). It can also be reported as the standard
deviation or the relative standard deviation. It is a measure of how close together
the measurements are, not how close they are to the correct or true value. The
precision can be very good and the accuracy very bad. This is a useful measure of
the performance of a test method.

3. Skoog, D.A., West, D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Holt

Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.

Accuracy: Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true
value.4 The accuracy can be expressed as a range, about the true value, in which a
measurement occurs (i.e. ±0.5 ppm). It can also be expressed as the % recovery
of a know amount of analyte in a determination of the analyte (i.e. 103.5 %). This

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is a useful measure and what most customers are interested in when they want to
know about the performance of a test method.

4. Skoog D.A., West D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Holt
Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.

Resolution: Resolution is the smallest discernible difference between any two
measurements that can be made.5 For meters this is usually how many decimal
places are displayed. (i.e. 0.01). For titrations and various comparators it is the
smallest interval the device is calibrated or marked to (i.e. 1 drop = 10 ppm, 0.2
ppm for a DRT, or ±half a unit difference for an octaslide or color chart). Note
that the resolution many change with concentration or range. In some cases the
resolution may be less than the smallest interval, if it is possible to make a reading
that falls between calibration marks. This is often done with various comparators.
One caveat is, that resolution has very little relationship to accuracy or precision.
The resolution will always be less than the accuracy or precision but it is not a
statistical measure of how well a method of analysis works. The resolution can be
very very good and the accuracy and precision can be very, very bad! This is not a
useful measure of the performance of a test method.

5. Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and
L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P. 34.

Sensitivity: Sensitivity is the resolution based on how this term is used in LaMotte
catalogs. This term is not listed in any of the references. Sometimes it is used for
detection limit. It is a confusing term and should be avoided.

Repeatability: Repeatability is the within-run precision.6 A run is a single data set,
from set up to clean up. Generally, one run occurs on one day. However, for meter
calibrations, a single calibration is considered a single run or data set, even though
it may take 2 or 3 days.

6. Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientifi c & Technical, 1989,
p. 130.

Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the between-run precision.7

7. Jeffery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed., Longman Scientifi c & Technical, 1989, p.

130.

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 SPECIFICATIONS

INSTRUMENT TYPE: Single beam spectrophotometer

Wavelength Range 190-1100 nm

Spectral Bandpass 4 nm

Wavelength Accuracy +2 nm

Wavelength Repeatability +1nm

Stray Radiant Energy <0.3 @ 220 and 340 nm

Photometric Range 0 to 125%T

0.3 to 2.5 Abs

-9999 to 9999

Photometric Accuracy + 0.004 @ 0.5A

Display LCD Graphic 128 x 64

Control and Data Entry Touch Button Keypad

Data output For RS232 printer

Power Requirements 90-240Vac, 50-60 Hz

Dimensions 550 W x 400 D x 270 H (mm)

Light Source Tungsten Halogen/Deuterium

Weight 46 lb/21kg

 EPA COMPLIANCE

The UV/VIS Spectrophotometer is an EPA-Accepted instrument. EPA-Accepted
means that the instrument meets the requirements for instrumentation as found
in test procedures that are approved for the National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations (NPDWR) or National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
compliance monitoring programs. EPA-Accepted instruments may be used with
approved test procedures without additional approval.

 CE COMPLIANCE

The UV/VIS Spectrophotometer has been independently tested and has earned the
European CE Mark of Compliance for electromagnetic compatibility and safety. To
view the Declaration of Conformity go to www.lamotte.com.

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CHEMICAL TESTING

 OVERVIEW

The LaMotte UV/VIS Spectrophotometer is a single beam, general purpose
instrument designed to meet the needs of the conventional laboratory, It is ideal for
various applications, such as: Clinical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Petro-chemistry,
Environmental Protection, Food and Beverage Labs, Water and Waste Water Labs
and other fi elds of quality control and research.

The LaMotte UV/VIS Spectrophotometer features a digital display of the
photometric result, easy operation and wavelength range of 190 nm to 1100 nm.
The LaMotte UV/VIS Spectrophotometer is ideal for measurements in the ultraviolet
and visible wavelength regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The spectrophotometer consists of fi ve parts:

1) Tungsten Halogen and deuterium lamp to supply the light

2) A monochromator to isolate the wavelength of interest and eliminate the
unwanted second order radiation

3) A sample compartment to accommodate the sample solution

4) A detector to receive the transmitted light and convert it to an electrical signal

5) A digital display to indicate absorbance, transmittance, or test unit.

The block diagram below illustrates the relationship between these parts.

Light from the lamp is focused on the entrance slit of the monochromator where the
collimating mirror directs the beam onto the grating. The grating disperses the light
beam to produce the spectrum, a portion of which is focused on the exit slit of the
monochromator by a collimating mirror. From here the beam is passed to a sample
compartment through one of the fi lters, which helps to eliminate unwanted second
order radiation from the diffraction grating. Upon leaving the sample compartment,
the beam is passed to the silicon photodiode detector and causes the detector to
produce an electrical signal that is displayed on the digital display.

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 WATER SAMPLING FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Taking Representative Samples

The underlying factor to be considered for any type of water sampling is whether
or not the sample is truly representative of the source. To properly collect a
representative sample:

• Sample as frequently as possible.

• Collect a large sample or at least enough to conduct whatever tests are
necessary.

• Make a composite sample for the same sampling area.

• Handle the sample in such a way as to prevent deterioration or contamination
before the analysis is performed.

• Perform analysis for dissolved gases such as dissolved oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and hydrogen sulfi de immediately at the site of sampling. These
factors, as well as samples for pH testing, cannot be stored for later
examination.

• Make a list of conditions or observations which may affect the sample. Other
considerations for taking representative samples are dependent upon the
source of the sample. Taking samples from surface waters involves different
considerations than taking samples from impounded and sub-surface waters.

Sampling of Open Water Systems

Surface waters, such as those found in streams and rivers, are usually well mixed.
The sample should be taken downstream from any tributary, industrial or sewage
pollution source. For comparison purposes samples may be taken upstream and
at the source of the pollution.

In ponds, lakes, and reservoirs with restricted fl ow, it is necessary to collect a
number of samples in a cross section of the body of water, and where possible
composite samples should be made to ensure representative samples.

To collect samples from surface waters, select a suitable plastic container with
a tight fi tting screw cap. Rinse the container several times with the sample to be
tested, then immerse the container below the surface until it is fi lled to overfl owing
and replace the cap. If the sample is not to be tested immediately, pour a small
part of the sample out and reseal. This will allow for any expansion. Any condition
which might affect the sample should be listed.

Sub-surface sampling is required to obtain a vertical profi le of streams, lakes,
ponds, and reservoirs at specifi c depths. This type of sampling requires more
sophisticated sampling equipment.

For dissolved oxygen studies, or for tests requiring small sample sizes, a Water
Sampler (LaMotte Code 1060) will serve as a sub-surface or in-depth sampler.
This weighted device is lowered to the sampling depth and allowed to rest at this
depth for a few minutes. The water percolates into the sample chamber displacing

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the air which bubbles to the surface. When the bubbles cease to rise, the device
has fl ushed itself approximately fi ve times and it may be raised to the surface for
examination. The inner chamber of the sampling device is lifted out and portions of
the water sample are carefully dispensed for subsequent chemical analysis.

A Snap-Plunger Water Sampler (LaMotte Code 1077) is another “in-depth”
sampling device which is designed to collect large samples which can be used
for a multitude of tests. Basically, this collection apparatus is a hollow cylinder with
a spring loaded plunger attached to each end. The device is cocked above the
surface of the water and lowered to the desired depth. A weighted messenger is
sent down the calibrated line to trip the closing mechanism and the plungers seal
the sample from mixing with intermediate layers as it is brought to the surface. A
special drain outlet is provided to draw off samples for chemical analysis.

Sampling of Closed System

To obtain representative samples from confi ned water systems, such as pipe
lines, tanks, vats, fi lters, water softeners, evaporators and condensers, different
considerations are required because of chemical changes which occur between
the inlet and outlet water. One must have a basic understanding of the type of
chemical changes which occur for the type of equipment used. Also, consideration
should be given to the rate of passage and retaining time for the process water.

Temperature changes play an important part in deciding exactly what test should
be performed. Process water should be allowed to come to room temperature,
20–25°C, before conducting any tests.

When drawing off samples from an outlet pipe such as a tap, allow sample to
run for several minutes, rinsing the container several times before taking the fi nal
sample. Avoid splashing and introduction of any contaminating material.

 FILTRATION

When testing natural waters that contain signifi cant turbidity due to suspended
solids and algae, fi ltration is an option. Reagent systems, whether EPA, Standard
Methods, LaMotte or any others, will generally only determine dissolved
constituents. Both EPA and Standard Methods suggest fi ltration through a 0.45
micron fi lter membrane, to remove turbidity, for the determination of dissolved
constituents.** To test for total constituents, organically bound and suspended or
colloidal materials, a rigorous high temperature acid digestion is necessary.

**LaMotte offers a fi ltering apparatus: syringe assembly (Code 1050) and
membrane fi lters, 0.45 micron, (Code 1103).

 AN INTRODUCTION TO COLORIMETRIC ANALYSIS &

SPECTROSCOPY

Most test substances in water are colorless and undetectable to the human
eye. To test for their presence we must fi nd a way to “see” them. The LaMotte
UV/VIS Spectrophotometer can be used to measure any test substance that is
itself colored or can be reacted to produce a color. In fact a simple defi nition

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of colorimetry is “the measurement of color” and a colorimetric method is “any
technique used to evaluate an unknown color in reference to known colors”. In
a colorimetric chemical test the intensity of the color from the reaction must be
proportional to the concentration of the substance being tested. Some reactions
have limitations or variances inherent to them that may give misleading results.
Many such interferences are discussed with each particular test instruction. In the
most basic colorimetric method the reacted test sample is visually compared to a
known color standard. However, accurate and reproducible results are limited by
the eyesight of the analyst, inconsistencies in the light sources, and the fading of
color standards.

To avoid these sources of error, a colorimeter or spectrophotometer can be used
to photoelectrically measure the amount of colored light absorbed by a colored
sample in reference to a colorless sample (blank).

White light is made up of many different colors or wavelengths of light. A colored
sample typically absorbs only one color or one band of wavelengths from the white
light. Only a small difference would be measured between white light before it
passes through a colored sample versus after it passes through a colored sample.
The reason for this is that the one color absorbed by the sample is only a small
portion of the total amount of light passing through the sample. However, if we
could select only that one color or band of wavelengths of light to which the test
sample is most sensitive, we would see a large difference between the light before
it passes through the sample and after it passes through the sample.

The difference in the amount of monochromatic light transmitted through a
colorless sample (blank) and the amount of monochromatic light transmitted
through a test sample is a measurement of the amount of monochromatic light
absorbed by the sample. In most colorimetric tests the amount of monochromatic
light absorbed is directly proportional to the concentration of the test factor
producing the color and the path length through the sample. However, for a few
tests the relationship is reversed and the amount of monochromatic light absorbed
is inversely proportional to the concentration of the test factor.

The choice of the correct wavelength for testing is important. It is interesting to
note that the wavelength that gives the most sensitivity (lower detection limit) for a
test factor is the complementary color of the test sample. For example the Nitrate­Nitrogen test produces a pink color proportional to the nitrate concentration in
the sample (the greater the nitrate concentration, the darker the pink color). A
wavelength in the green region should be selected to analyze this sample since a
pinkish-red solution absorbs mostly green light.

 REAGENT BLANK

Some tests will provide greater accuracy if a reagent blank is determined to
compensate for any color or turbidity resulting from the reagents themselves.
A reagent blank is performed by running the test procedure on 10 mL of
demineralized or deionized water. Use sample water to scan the blank. Insert the
reacted reagent blank in the colorimeter chamber and scan the sample. Note
the result of reagent blank. Perform the tests on the sample water as described.

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Subtract results of reagent blank from all subsequent test results.

NOTE: Some tests require a reagent blank to be used as the scanned blank..

 SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE WAVELENGTH

The most appropriate wavelength to use when creating a calibration curve is
usually the one which gives the greatest change from the lowest reacted standard
concentration to the highest reacted standard concentration. However, the
absorbance of the highest reacted standard concentration should never be greater
than 2.0 absorbance units. Scan the lowest and highest reacted standards at
different wavelengths using the %T/ABS mode to fi nd the wavelength which gives
the greatest change in absorbance without exceeding 2.0 absorbance units. Use
this wavelength to create a calibration curve.

Below is a list of suggested wavelength ranges for the color of the reacted
samples. Use these as a starting point.

Sample Color Wavelength Range, nm

Yellow 350-450

Yellow-Orange 450-490

Orange 490-510

Pink 510-570

Red 570-600

Green and Blue 600-750

 CALIBRATION CURVES

The UV/VIS Spectrophotometer contains precalibrated tests for the LaMotte
reagent systems. The fi rst step in using a non-LaMotte reagent system with the UV/
VIS Spectrophotometer is to create a calibration curve for the reagent system. To
create a calibration curve, prepare standard solutions of the test factor and use the
reagent system to test the standard solutions with the UV/VIS Spectrophotometer.

The results are plotted to create a calibration curve. The calibration curve may then
be used to identify the concentration of an unknown sample .

PROCEDURE

1. Prepare 2 or 8 standard solutions of the factor being tested. The concentration
of these standards should be evenly distributed throughout the range of the
reagent system, and should include a 0 ppm standard (distilled water, in most
cases). For instance, the solutions could measure 0, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and
90% of the system’s maximum range.

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2. Select the appropriate %T/ABS wavelength. Be sure to select the appropriate
wavelength for the color produced by the reagent system.

3. Use the unreacted 0 ppm standard to standardize the spectrophotometer by
using it to scan blank.

4. Following the individual reagent system instructions, react each standard
solution including 0 ppm.

 PREPARING DILUTE STANDARD SOLUTIONS

Standard solutions should be prepared to create a calibration curve. Standard
solutions can be prepared by diluting a known concentrated standard by specifi ed
amounts. A chart or computer spreadsheet can be created to determine the proper
dilutions. Use volumetric fl asks and volumetric pipets for all dilutions.

1. In Column A – Record the maximum concentration of test as determined by the
range and path length.

2. In Column B – Record the percent of the maximum concentration the standard
solution will be.

3. In Column C – Calculate the fi nal concentration of the diluted standard solutions
by multiplying the maximum concentration (In Column A) by the % of maximum
concentration divided by 100. (C = A x ).

4. In Column D – Record the fi nal volume of the diluted sample (i.e. volume of
volumetric fl ask).

5. In Column E – Record the concentration of the original standard.

6. In Column F – Calculate the milliliters of original standard required (C x D/E =
F).

A sample chart appears below:

A B C=A x B/100 D E F=C x D/E

Maximum

concentration

of test

% of Maximum

concentration

Final concentration
of Diluted Standard

Volume of

Standard

Concentration

of Original

Standard

mL of

Original Standard

Required

10.0 ppm 90 9.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.90 mL

10.0 ppm 70 7.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.70 mL

10.0 ppm 50 5.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.50 mL

10.0 ppm 30 3.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.30 mL

10.0 ppm 10 1.0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0.10 mL

10.0 ppm 0 0 ppm 100 mL 1000 ppm 0 mL

64 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15

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 STANDARD ADDITIONS

A common method to check the accuracy and precision of a test is by standard
additions. In this method a sample is tested to determine the concentration of
the test substance. A second sample is then “spiked” by the addition of a known
quantity of the test substance. The second sample is then tested. The determined
concentration of the spiked sample should equal the concentration of the fi rst plus
the amount added with the spike. The procedure can be repeated with larger and
larger “spikes.” If the determined concentrations do not equal the concentration of
the sample plus that added with the “spike”, then an interference may exist.

For example, a 10.0 mL water sample was determined to contain 0.3 ppm iron.
To a second 10.0 mL sample, 0.1 mL of 50 ppm iron standard was added. The
concentration of iron due to the “spike” was (0.10 mL x 50 ppm)/10.0 mL = 0.50
ppm. The concentration of iron determined in the spiked sample should be 0.3 +

0.5 = 0.8 ppm iron.

(Note: any error due to the increased volume from the “spike” is negligible).

LaMotte offers a line of calibration standards which can be used to generate
calibration curves and perform standard additions.

 SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES & VOLUMETRIC

MEASUREMENTS

If a test result gives an OUT OF RANGE message then the sample concentration
could be over range or under range. If it is over range, the sample must be diluted.
Then the test should be repeated on the diluted sample to obtain a reading which
is in the concentration range for the test. (Note: This is not true for colorimetric
determination of pH.)

Example: Measure 5 mL of the water sample into a graduated cylinder. Add
demineralized water until the cylinder is fi lled to the 10 mL line. The sample has
been diluted by one-half, and the dilution factor is therefore 2. Perform the test
procedure, then multiply the resulting concentration by 2 to obtain the test result.

The following table gives quick reference guidelines on dilutions of various
proportions. All dilutions are based on a 10 mL volume, so several dilutions will
require small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be used for all
dilutions.

Size of Sample Deionized Water to

Bring Volume to 10 mL

10 mL 0 mL 1

5 mL 5 mL 2

2.5 mL 7.5 mL 4

1 mL 9 mL 10

0.5 mL 0.5 mL 20

UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15 65

Multiplication Factor

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If the above glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with the
spectrophotometer tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample then
transfer it to another container. Add 10 mL volumes of demineralized water to the
container and mix. Transfer back 10 mL of the diluted sample to the tube and follow
the test procedure. Continue diluting and testing until a reading, which is in the
concentration range for the test, is obtained. Be sure to multiply the concentration
found by the dilution factor (the number of total 10 mL volumes used).

Example:

10 mL of sample is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of demineralized water; the
dilution factor is four.

 INTERFERENCES

LaMotte reagent systems are designed to minimize most common interferences.
Each individual test instruction discusses interferences unique to that test. Be
aware of possible interferences in the water being tested.

The reagent systems also contain buffers to adjust the water sample to the ideal
pH for the reaction. It is possible that the buffer capacity of the water sample may
exceed the buffer capacity of the reagent system and the ideal pH will not be
obtained. If this is suspected, measure the pH of a reacted distilled water reagent
blank using a pH meter. This is the ideal pH for the test. Measure the pH of a
reacted water sample using the pH meter. If the pH is signifi cantly different from the
ideal value, the pH of the sample should be adjusted before testing.

Chlorine interferences can be removed with the use of glycine. Very high levels
of chloramines may interfere if the test result is not read immediately. Oxidized
manganese interferes but can be removed with arsenite. Bromine and iodine
interferes but can be removed with a thioacetamide blank correction.

Interferences due to high concentration of the substance being tested, can be
overcome by sample dilution.

 STRAY LIGHT INTERFERENCE

Normal indoor lighting causes no interference with the UV/VIS Spectrophotometer.
Always be sure the sample chamber lid is closed when scanning blanks or
samples.

66 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 03.15

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UV/VIS

Spectrophotometer

Test
Procedures

7-2000-UV-MN

11.08.19

WARNING! This set contains chemicals

that may be harmful if misued. Read

cautions on individual containers

carefully. Not to be used by children

except under adult supervision.

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UV/VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER
REAGENT SYSTEMS LIST

Call LaMotte Technical Services at 1-800-344-3100 (410-778-3100 outside the USA)
or email at [e-mail] for a current list of available calibrations..

Range

Test Factor (Test #)

Alkalinity-UDV (1) 0–200 15 Unit Dose Vials (1) 100

Aluminum (2) 0.00–0.30 0.01 Eriochrome Cyanine R (4) 50

Ammonia Nitrogen­Low Range, Fresh Water (3)

Ammonia Nitrogen­Low Range, Salt Water (4)

Ammonia Nitrogen­High Range (5)

Biguanide (7) 0–70 5 Colorimetric 50

Boron (8) 0.00-0.80 0.05 Azomethine-H (2) 25

Bromine-Low Range (9) 0.00–9.00 0.04 DPD (3) 100

Bromine-UDV (11) 0.0–20.0 0.3 DPD (1) 100

Cadmium (12) 0.00–1.00 0.02 PAN (4) 50

Carbohydrazide (14)

See Oxygen Scavengers

Calcium & Magnesium (Total),
Hardness-UDV (13)

Chloride-TesTab (21) 0.0–50.0 0.5 Argentometric (1) 50

Chlorine-Tablet DPD (15) 0.00–4.00 0.02 DPD (3) 100

Chlorine-Free-UDV (16) 0.00–10.00 0.10 DPD (1) 100

Chlorine-Total-UDV (18) 0.00–10.00 0.10 DPD (1) 100

Chlorine-Liquid DPD (17) 0.00–4.00 0.025 DPD (3) 144

Chlorine Dioxide (20) 0.00–7.00 0.04 DPD (2) 100

Chromium, Hexavalent (22) 0.00–1.00 0.01 Diphenylcarbohydrazide 50

Chromium, Hex, Tri, Total (22) 0.00–1.00 0.01 Diphenylcarbohydrazide 50

Chromium-TesTab (23) 0.00-1.00 0.01 Diphenylcarbohydrazide 50

Cobalt (24) 0.00–2.00 0.02 PAN (3) 50

COD-Low Range (25) 0–150 5 Digestion (1) 25

COD-Standard Range (26) 0-1500 20 Digestion (1) 25

COD-High Range (27) 0–15,000 500 Digestion (1) 25

Color (28) 0–1,000 15 Platinum Cobalt (0) –

(ppm) MDL

0.00–1.00 0.02 Salicylate (3) 25

0.00–1.00 0.10 Salicylate (3) 25

0.00–4.00 0.05 Nesslerization (2) 50

0.000–0.900 0.005 Iron Reduction (3) 100

10-500 10 Unit Dose Vial (1) 100

Test Method (# of
Reagents)

# of
Tests

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

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Copper-BCA-Low Range (29) 0.00–3.50 0.05 Bicinchoninic Acid (1) 50

Copper-Cuprizone (31) 0.00–2.00 0.01 Cuprizone (2) 50

Copper-DDC (32) 0.00–6.00 0.05 Diethyldithiocarbamate (1) 50

Copper-UDV (33) 0.00–4.00 0.20 Bicinchoninic Acid (1) 100

Cyanide (35) 0.00-0.50 0.50 Pyridine-Barbituric Acid 100

Cyanuric Acid (36) 0–200 16 Melamine (1) 40

Cyanuric Acid-UDV (37) 0–150 5 Melamine (1) 100

DEHA (38)
See Oxygen Scavengers

Dissolved Oxygen (39) 0.0–12.0 0.25 Winkler Colorimetric (3) 100

Erythorbic Acid (40)
See Oxygen Scavengers

Fluoride (41) 0.00–2.00 0.05 SPADNS (2) 50

Hydrazine (45) 0.000–0.750 0.010 P-dimethyl-

Hydrogen Peroxide­Low Range (46)

Hydrogen Peroxide­High Range (47)

Hydrogen Peroxide-Shock (48) 0–225 4 DPD (2) 100

Hydroquinone (49)
See Oxygen Scavengers

Iodine (50) 0.00–14.00 0.08 DPD (2) 100

Iron-Bipyridyl (51) 0.00–6.00 0.06 Bipyridyl (2) 50

Iron-Phenanthroline (53) 0.00–4.50 0.04 1,10 Phenanthroline (2) 50

Iron-UDV (52) 0.00–10.00 0.07 Bipyridyl (1) 100

Lead (54) 0.00–5.00 0.10 PAR (5) 50

Manganese-Low Range (55) 0.00–0.50 0.02 PAN (3) 50

Manganese-High Range (56) 0.0–15.0 0.3 Periodate (2) 50

Methylethylketoxime (58)
See Oxygen Scavengers

Molybdenum-High Range (61) 0.0–30.0 0.2 Thioglycolate (3) 50

Nickel (63) 0.00–8.00 0.06 Dimethylglyoxime (6) 50

Nitrate-TesTab (66) 0-60 2.5 Zinc Reucion (1) 50

Nitrate Nitrogen­Low Range (64)

Nitrite-TesTab (69) 0.00-1.25 0.025 Zinc Reduction (1) 50

Nitrite Nitrogen­Low Range (67)

0.000–0.700 0.005 Iron Reduction (3) 100

0.00–3.00 0.02 Iron Reduction (3) 100

50

aminobenzaldehyde (2)

0.00–1.50 0.02 DPD (2) 100

0–60 1 DPD (2) 50

0.00–1.80 0.01 Iron Reduction (3) 100

0.00–3.00 0.02 Iron Reduction (3) 100

0.00–3.00 0.05 Cadmium Reduction (2) 20

0.00–0.80 0.02 Diazotization (2) 20

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

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Nitrogen, Total (62) 0-25 mg/L 2 mg/L Chromotropic Acid/

Oxygen Scanvengers various various DEHA (3) 50

Ozone-Low Range (71) 0.00–0.40 0.02 Indigo Trisulfonate (3) 100

Ozone-High Range (72) 0.00–1.50 0.05 Indigo Trisulfonate (3) 20

pH-Chlorophenol Red (74) 5.0-7.0 – Chlorophenol Red (1) 100

pH-Phenol Red (75) 6.6–8.4 – Phenol Red (1) 100

pH-Thymol Blue (76) 8.0–9.5 – Thymol Blue (1) 100

Phenol (77) 0.00-6.00 0.05 Aminoantipyrine (3) 50

Phosphate-Low Range (78) 0.00–3.00 0.04 Ascorbic Acid Reduction

Phosphate-High Range (79) 0.0–70.0 1.0 Vanodomolybd-

Phosphorus, Total, Low Range
(82)

Phosphorus,
Total, High-Range (83)

Potassium (81) 0.0-10.0 0.5 Tetraphenolboron (2) 100

Silica-Low Range (85) 0.00–2.50 0.03 Heteropoly Blue (4) 50

Silica-High Range (86) 0–50 1 Silicomolybdate (3) 50

Sulfate-High Range (89) 5–100 5 Barium Chloride (1) 100

Sulfi de-Low Range (90) 0.00–1.00 0.02 Methylene Blue (3) 50

Surfactants (94) 0.00-8.00 0.5 Bromphenol Blue (3) 50

Tannin (96) 0.0–10.0 0.2 Tungsto-

Turbidity (98) 2-400 FTU 2 FTU Absorption (0) –

Zinc-Low Range (99) 0.00–3.00 0.025 Zincon (6) 50

0.00–3.00
mg/L

0.0–70.0
mg/L

0.07 Ascorbic Acid/Digestion 25

5.0
mg/L

Digestion (6)

(2)

phosphoric Acid (1)

Molybdovanadate/
Digestion (5)

molybdophosphoric
Acid (2)

25

50

50

25

50

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

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ALKALINITY, UDV

UNIT DOSE VIAL METHOD • CODE 4318-J

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

1* Alkalinity Unit Dose Vials, 20 pouches * 4318-J

Equipment needed but not supplied:

STANDARD ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1961

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Syringe, 6 mL, plastic 1184

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Or:

ADVANCED ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1962

1 Pipettor 30528

1 Pipet Tip (0-5 mL) 30695

1 Cuvette Rack 31695

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Test Procedures

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel:
(US, 1-800-255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)

Alkalinity is a measure of the acid-neutralizing capacity of water that enables it
to resist abrupt changes in pH. It is the sum of all titratable bases. Alkalinity is
signifi cant in maintaining proper pH levels in natural water; water used for irrigation,
swimming pools, industrial processes and wastewater treatment processes.

The presence of buffering materials in natural waters helps to neutralize acids as
they are added to, or created in, the water ecosystem. A Total Alkalinity of 100 to
200 ppm will stabilize the pH level in a stream. In swimming pools, total alkalinity
is commonly known as a pH stabilizer because, when the alkalinity is at a proper
level, a consistent pH level can be maintained while treatment chemicals or fresh
make-up water is added. In industrial situations, alkalinity is an important factor in
preventing fl uctuating pH levels that can damage equipment and corrode pipes.

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

ALKALINITY, UDV

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes

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APPLICATION: Drinking and surface water and swimming pool water

RANGE: 0–200 ppm as CaCO

3

MDL: 15 ppm

METHOD: The sample is added to a buffered indicator reagent.

The color that develops, ranging from yellow to blue, will
indicate the amount of alkalinity in the sample.

SAMPLE HANDLING
& PRESERVATION:

Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after
collection. Sample may be refrigerated for 24 hours.

INTERFERENCES: Quats and poly quats at high concentrations will

interfere.

Test Procedures

ALKALINITY, UDV

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

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PROCEDURE

Use Square Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and

press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence

containing 1 Alkalinity-UDV).

6. Scroll to 1 Alkalinity-UDV.

7. Rinse a clean vial (0156) with sample water.

8. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3 mL of sample to the vial.

9. Insert the vial into chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan blank. Wait for the

instrument to blank.

10. Remove vial from spectrophotometer.

11. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3 mL of sample to a *Alk UDV vial (4318).

12. Wait 2 minutes.

13. Invert vial 3 times to mix.

NOTE: If powder residue remains in the bottom of the vial after inverting or air
bubbles form, invert once more and tap bottom of vial sharply once or twice to
dislodge powder and bubbles. Mix.

14. Insert vial into chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan sample.

15. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber.

Close lid. Press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTES: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to
account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine
the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or
deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent
blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to
determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

Test Procedures

UDVs from opened pouches should be used promptly. Store unused vials from
opened pouches in the Foil Storage Bag (9467) to extend the shelf life of the
reagent. Generally, UDVs stored in the bag should be used within 10 days if the
humidity is less than 50% and within 5 days if humidity is greater than 50%. The
Foil Storage Bag contains a dessicant pack with indicator. When the indicator in the
window turns from blue to pink, the bag should be replaced.

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

ALKALINITY, UDV

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ALUMINUM

ERIOCHROME CYANINE R METHOD
CODE 364I-01-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

5 g Aluminum Inhibitor Reagent 7865-C

2 x 120 mL * Aluminum Buffer Reagent *7866-J

120 mL Aluminum Indicator Reagent 7867-J

15 mL Aluminum Complexing Reagent 7868-E

1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699

1 Spoon, 0.05 g, plastic 0696

2 Pipets, 1.0 mL, plastic 0354

1 Test Tube, glass, 5 mL w/cap 0230

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel:
(US, 1-800-255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)

Aluminum is the third most common element in the earth’s crust, which accounts
for its wide appearance in many water supplies. Aluminum exists in water as
soluble salts, colloidal compounds, and insoluble compounds. In wastewater that
has been treated by alum coagulation it will appear in one or more of the above
forms. Properly treated drinking water should have an aluminum concentration
below 0.05 mg/L.

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and

RANGE: 0.00–0.30 ppm Aluminum

MDL: 0.01 ppm

METHOD: Aluminum ions buffered to a pH of 6.0 react with

SAMPLE HANDLING
& PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Fluoride and polyphosphate will interfere. Interference

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

ALUMINUM

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes

industrial wastewater.

Eriochrome Cyanine R dye to produce a pink to red
complex in proportion to the concentration.

Collect sample in acid washed glass or plastic bottle.
Analyze as soon as possible.

from iron and manganese is eliminated by the addition
of an inhibitor.

Test Procedures

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PROCEDURE

Use Universal Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence containing
2 Aluminum).

6. Scroll to 2 Aluminum.

7. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

8. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for
the instrument to blank.

9. Rinse a clean test tube (0230) with sample water. Fill to the 5 mL line with
sample.

10. Remove tube from spectrophotometer. Empty sample from spectrophotometer
tube (0290).

11. Add 5 mL sample from test tube (0230) to empty spectrophotometer tube
(0290).

12. Use the 0.05 g spoon (0696) to add one measure of Aluminum Inhibitor
Reagent (7865). Cap and mix to dissolve powder.

13. Use a 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 mL of *Aluminum Buffer Reagent (7866).
Cap and mix.

14. Use a second 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1 mL of Aluminum Indicator

Test Procedures

Reagent (7867). Cap and mix contents. Wait 5 minutes for maximum color
development.

15. At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix. Insert tube into chamber. Close lid.
Press ENTER to scan sample. Record result.

16. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to
account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine
the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Add 5 drops of Aluminum Complexing Reagent (7868). Then follow
the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or deionized water sample.
This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent blank from all subsequent
test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to determine the reagent blank
only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

ALUMINUM

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UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, LOW RANGE

SALICYLATE METHOD • CODE 3659-01-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

60 mL *Salicylate Ammonia #1 *3978-H

10 g *Salicylate #2 *7457-D

2 x 5 g *Salicylate #3 Reagent Powder *7458-C

1 Spoon, 0.1 g, plastic 0699

1 Spoon, 0.15 g, plastic 0727

1 Pipet, 1.0 mL, plastic 0354

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel:
(US, 1-800-255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)

Ammonia nitrogen is present in various concentrations in many surface and ground
water supplies. Any sudden change in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen
in a water supply is cause for suspicion. A product of microbiological activity,
ammonia nitrogen is sometimes accepted as chemical evidence of pollution when
encountered in natural waters.

Ammonia is rapidly oxidized in natural water systems by special bacterial groups
that produce nitrite and nitrate. This oxidation requires that dissolved oxygen be
available in the water. Ammonia is an additional source of nitrogen as a nutrient
which may contribute to the expanded growth of undesirable algae and other forms
of plant growth that overload the natural system and cause pollution.

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes

Test Procedures

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range

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APPLICATION: Low concentrations of ammonia in fresh, brackish and salt

water; fresh and salt water aquariums.

RANGE: 0.00–1.00 ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen

MDL: 0.02 ppm Fresh Waer

0.10 ppm Salt Water

METHOD: Salicylate and ammonia react at high pH in the presence

of a chlorine donor and an iron catalyst to form a blue
indophenol dye, the concentration of which is proportional
to the ammonia concentration in the sample.

SAMPLE HANDLE &
PRESERVATION:

Ammonia solutions tend to be unstable and should be
analyzed immediately. Samples may be stored for 24
hours at 4°C or 28 days at –20°C.

INTERFERENCES: There are few interferences in most natural waters. High

concentrations of reducing agents, such as hydrazine,
react with the chlorine donor and can result in negative
interferences. Color and turbidity can also interfere.

Test Procedures

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range

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UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

PROCEDURE–FRESH WATER

Use Universal Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and

press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence

containing 3 Ammonia-N L F).

6. Scroll to 3 Ammonia-N L F.

7. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with

sample.

8. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for

the instrument to blank.

9. Remove tube from Spectrophotometer. Use the 1.0 mL plastic pipet (0354) to

add 2.0 mL of *Salicylate Ammonia #1 (3978). Cap and mix.

10. Use the 0.15 g spoon (0727) to add two measures of *Salicylate #2 Reagent

(7457). Cap and mix until dissolved. Wait 1 minute.

11. At end of 1 minute waiting period use 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures

of *Salicylate #3 Reagent Powder (7458). Cap and shake vigorously for at
least 30 seconds and all solid has dissolved. Wait 12 minutes for maximum
color development.

12. At the end of 12 minute waiting period, mix. Insert tube into chamber. Close lid.

Press ENTER to scan sample. Record result.

13. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,

close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Test Procedures

CALCULATIONS:

To express results as Ammonia (NH

):

3

ppm Ammonia (NH3) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.2

To express results as Ammonium (NH4):

ppm Ammonium (NH

4

+

) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.3

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range

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NOTES: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to
account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine
the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or
deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent
blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to
determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

To determine the percentage of Ammonia-Nitrogen that is unionized and ionized,
consult the Appendix.

PROCEDURE–SALT WATER

Use Universal Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence
containing 4 Ammonia-N L S).

6. Scroll to 4 Ammonia-N L S.

7. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with
sample.

8. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for
the instrument to blank.

9. Remove tube from Spectrophotometer. Use the 1.0 mL plastic pipet (0354) to

Test Procedures

add 2.0 mL of *Salicylate Ammonia #1 (3978). Cap and mix.

10. Use the 0.15 g spoon (0727) to add two measures of *Salicylate #2 Reagent
(7457). Cap and mix until dissolved. Wait 1 minute.

11. At end of 1 minute waiting period use 0.1 g spoon (0699) to add two measures
of *Salicylate #3 Reagent Powder (7458). Cap and shake vigorously for at
least 30 seconds and all solid has dissolved. Wait 20 minutes for maximum
color development.

12. At the end of 20 minute waiting period, mix. Insert tube into chamber. Close lid.
Press ENTER to scan sample. Record result.

13. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range

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UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

CALCULATIONS:

To express results as Ammonia (NH3):

ppm Ammonia (NH3) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.2

To express results as Ammonium (NH4):

ppm Ammonium (NH

4

+

) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.3

NOTES: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to
account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine
the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or
deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent
blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to
determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

To determine the percentage of Ammonia-Nitrogen that is unionized and ionized,
consult the Appendix.

Test Procedures

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, Low Range

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AMMONIA-NITROGEN, HIGH RANGE

NESSLERIZATION METHOD • CODE 3642-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

30 mL Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #1 V-4797-G

2 x 30 mL *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #2 *V-4798-G

1 Pipet, 1 mL, plastic 0354

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel:
(US, 1-800-255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)

Ammonia nitrogen is present in various concentrations in many surface and ground
water supplies. Any sudden change in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen
in a water supply is cause for suspicion. A product of microbiological activity,
ammonia nitrogen is sometimes accepted as chemical evidence of pollution when
encountered in natural waters.

Ammonia is rapidly oxidized in natural water systems by special bacterial groups
that produce nitrite and nitrate. This oxidation requires that dissolved oxygen be
available in the water. Ammonia is an additional source of nitrogen as a nutrient
which may contribute to the expanded growth of undesirable algae and other forms
of plant growth that overload the natural system and cause pollution.

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and

RANGE: 0.00–4.00 ppm Ammonia Nitrogen

MDL: 0.05 ppm

METHOD:

SAMPLE HANDLING &
PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Sample turbidity and color may interfere. Turbidity may

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes

industrial wastes.

Ammonia forms a colored complex with Nessler’s Reagent
in proportion to the amount of ammonia present in the
sample. Rochelle salt is added to prevent precipitation
of calcium or magnesium in undistilled samples.

Ammonia solutions tend to be unstable and should be
analyzed immediately. Sample may be stored for 24
hours at 4°C or 28 days at –20°C.

be removed by a fi ltration procedure. Color interference
may be eliminated by blanking the instrument with a
sample blank.

Test Procedures

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, High Range

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PROCEDURE

Use Universal Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence
containing 5 Ammonia-N H).

6. Scroll to 5 Ammonia-N H.

7. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with
sample.

8. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for
the instrument to blank.

9. Remove tube from Spectrophotometer. Add 8 drops of Ammonia Nitrogen
Reagent #1 (V-4797). Cap and mix. Wait 1 minute.

10. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0 mL of *Ammonia Nitrogen Reagent #2
(V-4798). Cap and mix. Allow 5 minutes for maximum color development.

11. At end of 5 minute waiting period, mix. Insert tube into chamber. Close lid.
Press ENTER to scan sample. Record result.

12. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

CALCULATIONS:

Test Procedures

To express results as Ammonia (NH

):

3

ppm Ammonia (NH3) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.2

To express results as Ammonium (NH4):

ppm Ammonium (NH

4

+

) =

ppm Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3–N) x 1.3

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, High Range

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UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

NOTES: For the best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to
account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine
the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or
deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent
blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to
determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

To determine the percentage of Ammonia-Nitrogen that is unionized and ionized,
consult the Appendix.

Test Procedures

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

AMMONIA-NITROGEN, High Range

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BIGUANIDE

COLORIMETRIC METHOD • CODE 4044

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

2 X 60 mL Biguanide Indicator 3994-H

1 Pipet, plastic, 1.0 mL 0354

Biguanide is a non-chlorine, non-bromine chemical sanitizer. It is more stable
than chlorine or bromine and has little chemical odor. Biquanide is an effective
bacteriacide but, unlike chlorine and bromine, it does not destroy organic
contaminants. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide is added to biguanide pools on a
regular basis to eliminate organic contaminants. The optimum recommended level
of biguanide is 30 to 50 ppm.

APPLICATION: Swimming pools

RANGE: 0-70 ppm

MDL: 5 ppm

METHOD: Biguanide complexes with the proprietary indicator to

produce a colored solution. The color ranges from yellow
through green to blue depending on the biguanide
concentration.

SAMPLE HANDLING
& PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: The only interfering substances that are likely to be

Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible.

encountered in pool water are oxidized manganese and
oxidizing agents, such as chlorine, bromine and ozone.

Test Procedures

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

BIGUANIDE

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PROCEDURE

Use Universal Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence
containing 7 Biguanide).

6. Scroll to 7 Biguanide.

7. Rinse a tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to 10 mL with sample.

8. Insert the vial/tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait
for the instrument to blank.

9. Remove the tube from spectrophotometer.

10. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 2.0 mL of Biguanide Indicator (3994). Cap
and invert three times to mix.

11. Wait 1 minute.

12. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan sample. Record
result in ppm Biguanide

13. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account

Test Procedures

for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the
reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or
deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent
blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to
determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

BIGUANIDE

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

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BORON

AZOMETHINE-H METHOD • CODE 4868-01

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

120 mL *Boron Buffer *4869-J

10 g *Boron Indicator Powder *4870-D

1 Pipet, plastic, 1.0 mL 0354

1 Spoon, 0.15 g 0727

1 Dark Storage Chamber, brown 0108

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel:
(US, 1-800-255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)

Small amounts of boron are necessary for plant growth but large amounts can be
toxic. In humans, boron aids in the uptake of calcium and the production of strong
bones. An excess of boron can affect the central nervous system resulting in a
syndrome known as borism. Some natural waters may contain small amounts of
boron. Large concentrations may be due to industrial effl uent entering waterways.
Boron compounds are used in cleaning compounds, paper and paints, fertilizers,
glass and ceramics, fi re retardants and the production of alloys. In the atomic
energy fi eld, boron is a component of neutron shields and nuclear reactors. Some
swimming pools use boron buffering systems.

APPLICATION: Surface and saline waters, hydroponic solutions,

RANGE: 0.00–0.80 ppm Boron

MDL: 0.05 ppm

METHOD: Azomethine-H and borate form a yellow complex at pH 6

SAMPLE HANDLING
& PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Interferences in drinking water are unlikely. Manganese,

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes

industrial waste, swimming pools.

in proportion to the concentration of boron present.

Store samples in polyethylene bottles. Do not use borate
detergents or glassware.

zirconium, chromium, titanium, copper, vanadium,
aluminum, beryllium and iron may cause high results.

Test Procedures

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

BORON

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PROCEDURE

Use universal sample holder

1. This test requires a Reagent Blank. Rinse a tube (0290) with clear, colorless,
boron free water. Fill to 10 mL line with clear, colorless, boron free water.

2. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 2 mL of *Boron Buffer (4869). Cap and mix.

3. Use the 0.15 g spoon (0727) to add one level measure of *Boron Indicator
Powder (4870). Press full spoon against side of jar to compress powder. Scrape
off excess powder on inside neck of bottle. Tap excess off spoon handle.

4. Cap and shake vigorously for 30 seconds.

5. Insert the tube into meter chamber. Close lid.

6. Start a timer set for 30 minutes. Do not open the lid during the waiting time.
The reaction is photosensitive.

7. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with Sample Water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample
water. Repeat steps 2-4.

8. Insert the tube into the Dark Storage Chamber (29849). Close top.

9. Start a second timer set for 30 minutes. Do not open the chamber during the
waiting time. The reaction is photosensitive.

10. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

11. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

12. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

13. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

14. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence containing
8 Boron).

Test Procedures

15. Scroll to 8 Boron.

16. At the end of the Reagent Blank 30 minute waiting period, remove Reagent
Blank tube from meter chamber. Invert several times to mix.

17. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for
the instrument to blank.

18. Remove the tube from spectrophotometer.

19. At the end of the Sample Water 30 minute waiting period, remove Sample
Water tube from Dark Storage Chamber. Invert several times to mix.

20. Insert tube into meter chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan sample.
Record result in ppm boron.

21. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

BORON

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UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

BROMINE-LR

DPD METHOD • CODE 3643-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

100 DPD #1 IG Tablets 6903A-J

100 DPD #3 IG Tablets 6197A-J

15 mL Glycine Solution 6811-E

1 Tablet Crusher 0175

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel:
(US, 1-800-255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)

Like chlorine, bromine is an effective germicidal agent employed in drinking water
treatment, pool and spa water sanitation, food service sanitation, and other public
health applications.

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; swimming pool

RANGE: 0.00–9.00 ppm Bromine

MDL: 0.04 ppm

METHOD: In buffered sample bromine reacts with diethyl-p-

SAMPLE HANDLING &
PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCE: The only interfering substance likely to be encountered

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes

water; domestic and industrial waters and wastes.

phenylene diamine (DPD) to produce a pink-red color in
proportion to the concentration of bromine present.

Bromine in aqueous solutions is not stable, and the
bromine content of samples or solutions, particularly
weak solutions, will rapidly decrease. Exposure to
sunlight or agitation will accelerate the reduction of
bromine present in such solutions. For best results start
analysis immediately after sampling. Samples to be
analyzed for bromine cannot be preserved or stored.

in water is oxidized manganese. The extent of this
interference can be determined by treating a sample
with sodium arsenite to destroy the bromine present so
that the degree of interference can be estimated.

Test Procedures

Iodine and chlorine can also interfere, but these are not
normally present unless they have been added as sanitizers.

BROMINE-LR, DPD TabletUV-VIS Test Procedures 11.19

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PROCEDURE A: BROMINE (NO CHLORINE)

Use Universal Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence
containing 9 Bromine-LR).

6. Scroll to 9 Bromine-LR.

7. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with
sample.

8. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for
the instrument to blank.

9. Remove tube from Spectrophotometer. Add one DPD #1 IG Tablet (6903A).
Cap tube and shake for 10 seconds. Invert slowly 5 times. Solution will turn
pink if bromine is present. Wait 15 seconds. Mix.

10. Immediately insert tube into chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan
sample.

11. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

PROCEDURE B: BROMINE IN THE PRESENCE OF

Test Procedures

CHLORINE

Use Universal Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence
containing 9 Bromine-LR).

6. Scroll to 9 Bromine-LR.

7. Rinse a clean tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

BROMINE-LR, DPD Tablet

UV-VIS Test Procedures 11.19

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8. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for

the instrument to blank.

9. Remove blank from Spectrophotometer. Add 5 drops of Glycine Solution
(6811). Cap and mix.

10. Add one DPD #1 IG Tablet (6903A). Cap tube ad shake for 10 seconds. Invert
slowly 5 times. Solution will turn pink if bromine is present. Wait 15 seconds.
Mix.

11. Insert tube into chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan sample.

12. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

PROCEDURE C: FREE AVAILABLE, TOTAL AVAILABLE
& COMBINED CHLORINE IN THE PRESENCE OF
BROMINE

1. Perform the test for free and combined chlorine as previously described.

2. Perform the test for bromine in the presence of chlorine.

3. Calculations:

Residual Bromine (ppm) = Reading BR

Free Chlorine in the Presence of Bromine = Free Chlorine – 0.45 (Reading BR)

Test Procedures

Total Chlorine in the Presence of Bromine = Total Chlorine – 0.45 (Reading BR)

Combined Chlorine in the Presence of Bromine = Total Chlorine – Free Chlorine

NOTE: Combined chlorine is not affected by the presence of bromine, so the
calculation is the same as when only chlorine is present.

BROMINE-LR, DPD Tablet

UV-VIS Test Procedures 11.19

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BROMINE, UDV

DPD UNIT DOSE VIAL METHOD • CODE 4311-J

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

1 Free Chlorine Unit Dose Vials, 20 pouches 4311-J

Equipment needed but not supplied:

STANDARD ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1961

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Syringe, 3 mL, plastic 1184

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Or:

ADVANCED ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1962

1 Pipettor, 3 mL 30528

1 Pipet Tip (0-5 mL) 30695

1 Cuvette Rack 31695

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Test Procedures

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel:
(US, 1-800-255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)

Like chlorine, bromine is an effective germicidal agent employed in drinking water
treatment, pool and spa water sanitation, food service sanitation, and other public
health applications.

BROMINE, UDV

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes

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APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and

industrial waters and wastes.

RANGE: 0.0 – 22.0 ppm Bromine

MDL: 0.3 ppm

METHOD: In buffered sample bromine reacts with diethyl-p-

phenylene diamine (DPD) to produce a pink-red color in
proportion to the concentration of bromine present.

SAMPLE HANDLING
& PRESERVATION:

Bromine in aqueous solutions is not stable, and the
bromine content of samples or solutions, particularly
weak solutions, will rapidly decrease. Exposure to sunlight
or agitation will accelerate the reduction of bromine
present in such solutions. For best results start analysis
immediately after sampling. Samples to be analyzed for
bromine cannot be preserved or stored.

INTERFERENCES: The only interfering substance likely to be encountered

in water is oxidized manganese. The extent of this
interference can be determined by treating a sample with
sodium arsenite to destroy the bromine present so that
the degree of interference can be estimated.

Iodine and chlorine can also interfere, but these are
not normally present unless they have been added as
sanitizers.

Test Procedures

BROMINE, UDV

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

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PROCEDURE

Use Square Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and

press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence

containing 11 Bromine-UDV).

6. Scroll to 11 Bromine-UDV.

7. Rinse a clean vial (0156) with sample water.

8. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to the vial.

9. Insert the vial into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for

the instrument to blank.

10. Remove the vial from the Spectrophotometer.

11. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to a Free Chlorine UDV (4311).

12. Shake vigorously until powder dissolves completely.

NOTE: If powder residue remains in the bottom of the vial after inverting or air
bubbles form, invert once more and tap bottom of vial sharply once or twice to
dislodge powder and bubbles. Mix.

13. Immediately insert tube into chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan sample.

Record result in ppm bromine.

14. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,

close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Test Procedures

NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account
for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the
reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or
deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent
blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to
determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

NOTE: UDVs from opened pouches should be used promptly. Store unused vials
from opened pouches in the Foil Storage Bag (9467) to extend the shelf life of the
reagent. Generally, UDVs stored in the bag should be used within 10 days if the
humidity is less than 50% and within 5 days if humidity is greater than 50%. The
Foil Storage Bag contains a desiccant pack with indicator. When the indicator in the
window turns from blue to pink, the bag should be replaced.

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

BROMINE, UDV

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CADMIUM

PAN METHOD • CODE 4017-01

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

60 mL *Buffered Ammonia Reagent *4020-H

15 mL Sodium Citrate, 10% 6253-E

30 mL *PAN Indicator *4021-G

30 mL Stabilizing Reagent 4022-G

1 Pipet, 1.0 mL, plastic 0354

2 Pipet, 0.5 mL, plastic 0369

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel:
(US, 1-800-255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)

Cadmium is used in batteries, paint pigments, electroplating processes, and
with other metals in the preparation of alloys. The solubility of cadmium in natural
water is proportional to the hardness or alkalinity of the water. Cadmium is not an
essential nutrient for plants and animals. It is extremely toxic and can accumulate in
the kidneys and liver.

APPLICATION: Drinking and surface waters; domestic and industrial

wastewater.

RANGE: 0.00–1.00 Cadmium

MDL: 0.02 ppm

METHOD: PAN (1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol) forms a red complex

with Cadmium (Cd+2) at a pH of 10.

SAMPLE HANDLING &
PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Ag

Analyze sample as soon as possible. If sample must be
stored, acidify with nitric acid to a pH below 2.

+2

, Co+2, Cu+2, Mn+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Y+3, In

+3

Test Procedures

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17 CADMIUM

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PROCEDURE

Use Universal Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence
containing 12 Cadmium).

6. Scroll to 12 Cadmium.

7. Rinse a tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to the 10 mL line with sample.

8. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for
the instrument to blank.

9. Remove tube from Spectrophotometer. Use the 1.0 mL pipet (0354) to add 1.0
mL of *Buffered Ammonia Reagent (4020). Swirl to mix.

10. Add two drops of Sodium Citrate, 10% (6253). Swirl to mix.

11. Use a 0.5 mL pipet (0369) to add 0.5 mL of PAN Indicator (4021). Swirl to
mix.

12. Use a 0.5 mL pipet (0369) to add 0.5 mL Stabilizing Reagent (4022). Cap and
mix.

13. Immediately insert tube into chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan sample.
Record result.

14. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to

Test Procedures

a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account
for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the
reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or
deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent
blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to
determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

CADMIUM

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UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM (TOTAL)
HARDNESS, UDV

UNIT DOSE VIAL METHOD • CODE 4309-J

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

1 *Calcium Hardness Unit Dose Vials, 20 pouches *4309-J

Equipment needed but not supplied:

STANDARD ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1961

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Syringe, 3 mL, plastic 1184

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Or:

ADVANCED ACCESSORY PACKAGE • CODE 1962

1 Pipettor, 3 mL 30528

1 Pipet Tips (0-5 mL) 30695

1 Cuvette Rack 31695

1 Package of 3 Vials (empty) 0156

1 Foil Storage Bag 9467

Test Procedures

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To read complete safety information, go to page 3 in the User Manual.

APPLICATION: Drinking and surface waters; swimming pool water.

RANGE: 10–500 as CaCO

MDL: 10 ppm

METHOD: Calcium and magnesium react in a strongly buffered

medium with an indicator to develop a pale purple color
in proportion to the concentration.

SAMPLE HANDLING &
PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Heavy metals will interfere.

UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM, HARDNESS, UDV

Samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after
collection. If storage is necessary, add 0.5 mL of 20
% hydrochloric acid per 100 mL of sample. However,
the added acid will have to be neutralized with NaOH
before testing.

Total Hardness

3

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PROCEDURE

Use Square Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence
containing 13 Ca&Mg Hard-UDV).

6. Scroll to 13 Ca&Mg Hard-UDV.

7. Rinse a clean vial (0156) with sample water.

8. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to the vial.

9. Insert the vial into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for
the instrument to blank.

10. Remove vial from spectrophotometer.

11. Use the syringe (1184) to add 3mL of sample to a *Calcium Hardness UDV vial
(4309).

12. Shake vigorously for 10 seconds.
NOTE: If powder residue remains in the bottom of the vial after shaking, or if
air bubbles form, invert vial once more and tap bottom of vial sharply once or
twice to dislodge powder or bubbles. Mix.

13. Insert tube into chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan sample. Record
result.

14. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,

Test Procedures

close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

NOTES: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to
account for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine
the reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or
deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent
blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples. It is necessary to
determine the reagent blank only when a new lot number of reagents is obtained.

UDVs from opened pouches should be used promptly. Store unused vials from
opened pouches in the Foil Storage Bag (9467) to extend the shelf life of the
reagent. Generally, UDVs stored in the bag should be used within 10 days if the
humidity is less than 50% and within 5 days if humidity is greater than 50%. The Foil
Storage Bag contains a desiccant pack with indicator. When the indicator in the
window turns from blue to pink, the bag should be replaced.

CALCIUM & MAGNESIUM, HARDNESS, UDV

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UV-VIS Test Procedures 3.17

CHLORIDE, TESTAB

ARGENTOMETRIC TESTAB METHOD • CODE 3693-SC

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

50 *Chloride IG Tablets *3885A-H

1 Tablet Crusher 0175

*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards.
To view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.
com.

Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in
the contents
the four digit code number. For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To
obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by email, phone or fax.

Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel:
(US, 1-800-255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585)

Chloride is one of the major anions found in water and sewage. The presence of
chlorides in large amounts may be due to the natural process of water passing
through salt formations in the earth, or it may be evidence of the intrusion of
seawater or pollution from industrial processes or domestic wastes. The salt
content of water affects the distribution of plant and animal life in an aquatic
system, based on the amount of salt they can tolerate.

APPLICATION: Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and

RANGE: 0.0–30.0 ppm Chloride

MDL: 0.5 ppm

METHOD: Silver nitrate reacts with chloride to form turbid silver

SAMPLE HANDLING
& PRESERVATION:

INTERFERENCES: Substances in amounts normally found in drinking water

list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes

industrial wastewaters.

chloride in proportion to the amount of chloride in the
sample.

Collect samples in clean, chemically-resistant glass or
plastic containers. No preservative is needed if sample is
to be stored.

will not interfere. Bromide, iodide, cyanide, sulfi de,
thiosulfate, sulfi de and orthophosphate will interfere.

Test Procedures

UV-VIS Test Procedures 11.19

CHLORIDE, TesTab

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PROCEDURE

Use Universal Sample Holder.

1. Turn spectrophotometer ON.

2. Allow instrument to warm up for 15 minutes. Or press ESC to skip warm up.

3. Press ENTER to select NO and skip the system calibration. Or press ^ and
press ENTER to select YES and begin the system calibration.

4. Press ENTER to select Programmed Tests.

5. Scroll to and press ENTER to select All Tests (or another sequence
containing 21 Chloride-TesTab).

6. Scroll to 21 Chloride-TesTab.

7. Rinse a tube (0290) with sample water. Fill to 10 mL with sample.

8. Insert the tube into chamber. Close lid. Select ENTER to scan blank. Wait for
the instrument to blank.

9. Remove the tube from spectrophotometer.

10. Add one *Chloride IG Tablet (3885A).

11. Use Tablet Crusher (0175) to crush tablet.

12. Cap tube.

13. Invert 2 times.

14. Wait 3 minutes. Do NOT mix.

15. Insert tube into chamber. Close lid. Press ENTER to scan sample. Record
result in ppm chloride.

16. Turn the spectrophotometer OFF. Or insert another sample into chamber,
close lid, press ENTER to scan another sample. Or press ESCAPE to exit to
a previous menu or make another menu selection.

Test Procedures

NOTE: For best possible results, a reagent blank should be determined to account
for any contribution to the test result by the reagent system. To determine the
reagent blank, follow the above test procedure to scan a distilled or deionized
water blank. Then follow the above procedure to perform the test on a distilled or
deionized water sample. This test result is the reagent blank. Subtract the reagent
blank from all subsequent test results of unknown samples.

The reagent system is temperature sensitive. The calibration is for 25ºC. If sample
is at 30ºC, multiply resulting ppm by 1.1. If the sample is at 20ºC, multiply resulting
ppm by 0.9.

CHLORIDE, TesTab

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UV-VIS Test Procedures 11.19