LaMotte 7190 User manual

PRO

®

Water Analysis Kit

Code 7190

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Welcome to the BrewLab®Pro —

the professional test kit for craft brewing.
E

ndorsed by world-renowned brewing author and
consultant, John Palmer, the BrewLab Water
Analysis Kit enables brewers to effectively measure
and adjust the minerals in brewing water to
improve beer  avor and yield.

BrewLab
control of their brewing water.

Beer and brewing have experienced a renaissance
over the last 20 years as old beer styles have
been rediscovered and new styles created, and
home
brewing
great dish you need to understand your ingredients
and seasonings, and brewing a great beer is the
same.

Beer is 90% water and the quality and mineral
content of the water can have a large effect on the
beer’s  avor.

®

, the only test kit a brewer needs to take

brewing has been at the heart of it. Beer and

are just like food and cooking — to make a

®

PRO

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TESTING METHODS

page 6

CHLORIDE

page 9

SULFATE

page 10

ALKALINITY

page 11

HARDNESS

page 12

SODIUM

page 15

pH & TEMPERATURE

page 16

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS

page 18

DISSOLVED OXYGEN

page 20

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TESTING METHODS

Octa-Slide 2 General Instructions

Octa-Slide 2
Viewer

Octa-Slide 2 BarTest Tube

INSTRUCTIONS

These are general instructions for the use of the Octa-Slide 2 Viewer. The components in
the illustrations are an example. Refer to individual test kit instructions for test procedures
and the speci c components.

1

Insert
Octa-Slide 2
Bar

into the
Octa-Slide 2
Viewer.

2

Insert test
tube into
Octa-Slide2
Viewer.

3

The Octa-Slide 2 Viewer should
be held so non-direct light
enters through the back of the
Viewer. Match the color of the
reaction to the color standards.

6

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Direct Reading Titrator General Instructions

The Direct Reading Titrator consists of a plastic
barrel, a plastic plunger, and a plastic adapter tip.

Plunger

Barrel

The adapter tip reduces the size of the drops that
are dispensed and increases the precision of the
test results. DO NOT REMOVE THE ADAPTER TIP.

Adapter tip

INSTRUCTIONS

These are general instructions for the use of the Direct Reading Titrator. The titrator in
the illustrations is an example. Refer to individual test kit instructions for test proce­dures and the actual range and increment values.

1

Fill the titration
tube to the
speci ed line
with the water
sample.

3

Cap the tube with
the special titration
tube cap. Mix by
swirling gently.

2

Add the reagents
as speci ed in
the instruction for
the individual test
method.

4

Depress the
plunger of the
Titrator.

5

Insert the adapter tip
into the special plastic
plug in the titrating
solution bottle.

6

Invert the bottle.
Hold the bottle
and the Titrator
 rmly together.
Slowly pull out
the plunger until
the large ring on
the plunger is
opposite the zero (0)
line on the scale.

7

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7Note:

If an air bubble ap­pears in the Titrator
barrel or the adapter
tip, partially  ll the
barrel and pump
the titration solution
back into the invert­ed reagent bottle to
expel the bubble.

When  lling the
Titrator from a
container without
a special plug,
submerge the
adapter tip below
the surface of the
solution and pull
out the plunger.

8

Turn the bottle
right side up
and

remove the

Titrator.

10

Continue adding the
titrating solution until
the speci ed color
change occurs. If the
color change does not
occur when the large
ring on the plunger
reaches the bottom of
the scale, re ll the Ti­trator to the zero line.
Continue the titration
until the color change
occurs.

9

Insert the adapter tip
into the opening in
the titrator tube cap.
Slowly depress the
plunger to
the titrating
Gently swirl the tube
to mix the solution.

dispense

solution.

11

Read the test result
directly from the
scale where the
large ring on the
Titrator meets
the Titrator
barrel. If the
Titrator was
re lled to reach
the  nal color change,
add the total amounts
of titrant used to de­termine the  nal test
result.

12

If no additional tests are to be made, discard the remaining ti­trating solution in the Titrator. Do not return the titrating solution
to the reagent bottle. Thoroughly rinse the titration tube and the
Titrator. Do not remove the plunger or the adapter tip from the
Titrator.

8

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CHLORIDE TEST

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

15 mL *Chloride Reagent #1 *4504-E

2 x 30 mL *Chloride Reagent #2 *4505DR-G

15 mL

15 mL *Sulfuric Acid, 0.5N *6090-E

1 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass,

1 Direct Reading Titrator, 0-200 0382

*Phenolphthalein Indicator, 1%

w/cap

*2246-E

0778

PROCEDURE

1. Fill test tube (0778) to 15 mL line with sample water.

2. Add one drop of *Phenolphthalein Indicator, 1%
(2246). If solution remains colorless, proceed to Step

3. If solution turns a pink color, add *Sulfuric Acid,

0.5N (6090) one drop at a time, mixing after each
drop, until pink color disappears.

3. Add three drops of *Chloride Reagent #1 (4504). Cap
and swirl to mix. Solution will turn yellow.

4. Fill Direct Reading Titrator (0382) with *Chloride
Reagent
test tube cap.

5. While gently swirling tube, slowly press plunger to add
*Chloride Reagent #2, one drop at a time, until yellow
color changes to orange-brown.

6. Read test result directly from the scale where the large
ring on the Titrator meets the Titrator barrel. Record as
ppm Chloride.

NOTE: If plunger tip reaches bottom line on Titrator
scale (200 ppm) before endpoint color change occurs,
re ll Titrator and continue titration. When recording
test result, be sure to include the original amount of
reagent dispensed (200 ppm).

#2 (4505DR). Insert Titrator in center hole of

The chloride ion acts to
bring out the sweetness
and fullness of the
malt  avor, much like
table salt does for food.
Craft brewers often
add calcium chloride
to brewing water for
Pilsner and other lagers.

®

The Brewlab

allows
the brewer to test both
of these parameters
and plan salt additions
to season the beer.

9

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SULFATE TEST

Sulfate and Chloride
ions in water affect the
 avor balance of the
beer—from hoppy to
malty. The sulfate ion
acts to accentuate the
hoppiness and dryness
of the beer, making
it more crisp tasting.
Craft brewers often
add calcium sulfate to
their brewing water for
pale ales and IPAs.

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

50 *Sulfate Turb Tablets *6456-H

1 Test Tubes, 2.5-10 mL, plastic,

w/cap, with line

1 Octa-Slide 2 Viewer 1101

1 Sulfate Octa-Slide 2 Bar,

20-200 ppm

0106-WL

7779-01

PROCEDURE

1. Insert Sulfate Octa-Slide 2 Bar (7779-01) into the
Octa-Slide 2 Viewer (1101)

2. Fill a test tube (0106-WL) to the 10 mL line with
sample water.

3. Add one *Sulfate Turb Tablet (6456).

4. Cap and mix until tablet disintegrates.

5. Immediately insert test tube
with the printing on the tube facing away from the
operator.

6. Match sample with standards
to which the black lines
(cloudiness) of the sample.

7. Disregard any differences in color between the sample
and the standards.
turbidity, not color. Record as ppm Sulfate.

NOTE: Thoroughly clean tubes after each use.

The test is based

into Octa-Slide 2

by comparing

are obscured by

on the degree of

Viewer

the degree

the turbidity

10

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ALKALINITY TEST

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

100 BCG-MR Indicator Tablets 2311A-J

60 mL *Alkalinity Titration Reagent B *4493DR-H

1 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass,

w/cap

1 Direct Reading Titrator,

0-200 Range

1 Alkalinity Endpoint Color Chart 4491-CC

Each minor division on the Titrator scale equals 4 ppm CaCO3.
This test set provides total alkalinity readings only.

0778

0382

PROCEDURE

1. Fill the titration tube (0778) to 5 mL line with water
sample.

2. Add one BCG-MR Indicator Tablet (2311A). Cap and
swirl to mix until tablet dissolves.
green.

3. Fill the Direct Reading Titrator (0382) with *Alkalinity
Titration Reagent B (4493DR). Insert Titrator into center
hole of test tube cap.

4. While gently swirling tube, slowly press plunger to titrate
until the solution color changes from blue-green to
purple. Consult Alkalinity Endpoint Color Chart (4491-CC).

5. Read test result directly from the scale where the large
ring on the Titrator meets the Titrator barrel. Record
ppm Total Alkalinity in ppm Calcium Carbonate (CaCO

NOTE: If plunger tip reaches the bottom line on the
Titrator scale (200 ppm) before the color change occurs,
re ll the Titrator and continue the titration. When
recording test result, be sure to include the value of
original amount of reagent dispensed (200 ppm).

Solution will turn blue-

as

3

).

Alkalinity is generally
a problem in brewing
water. Alkalinity is
the carbonate and
bicarbonate content
of the water, and acts
to raise the pH of
the mash and beer.
Water hardness can
offset the alkalinity,
and for that reason
both parameters are
typically measured as
“Calcium Carbonate”
in order to determine
the net effect. The

®

Brewlab

enables the
brewer to quickly
determine the residual
alkalinity and its effect
on pH.

Residual Alkalinity =

Total Alkalinity – [Calcium Hardness + (Magnesium Hardness X 0.5)]

3.5

All values are as ppm

CaCO

3

11

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HARDNESS TESTS

Water hardness is
a brewer’s friend
because calcium
and magnesium are
important ions in many
biochemical reactions
during mashing and
fermentation. The

®

Brewlab

can measure
these parameters
quickly and easily.

QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE

15 mL *Sodium Hydroxide Reagent *4259-E

50 Calcium Hardness Indicator

15 mL *Hardness Reagent #5 *4483-E

50 Hardness Reagent #6 Tablets 4484A-H

2 x 60 mL Hardness Reagent #7 4487DR-H

1 Test Tube,

1 Direct Reading Titrator, 0-200

1 Pipet, 0.5 mL, plastic 0353

NOTE: The Titrator is calibrated in terms of hardness
expressed
CaCO

3

ppm CaCO

Tablets

5-10-12.9-15-20-25 mL,
glass, w/cap

Range

as parts per million (ppm) Calcium Carbonate as

.

Each minor division on the Titrator scale equals 4

.

3

5250A-H

0608

0382

12

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TOTAL HARDNESS TEST PROCEDURE

1. Fill a test tube (0608) to the 12.9 mL line with the sample water.

2. Add 5 drops of *Hardness Reagent #5 (4483). Swirl to mix.

3. Add one Hardness Reagent #6 Tablet (4484A). Cap and swirl until
Solution
amount of hardness.

4. Fill Direct Reading Titrator (0382) with Hardness Reagent #7 (4487DR).

5. Insert the Titrator into the center hole of the test tube cap.

6. While gently swirling the tube, slowly press the plunger to titrate until the red color
changes to clear blue.

Read the test result directly from the scale where the large ring on the
Titrator barrel. Record as ppm Total Hardness as (CaCO3).
EXAMPLE: Plunger tip is 2 minor divisions below line 80. Test result is:

80 + (2 divisions x 4) = 88 ppm

NOTE: If the plunger reaches the bottom line on the scale (200 ppm) before the endpoint
color change occurs, re ll the Titrator and continue the titration. When recording the test
result, be sure to include the value of the original amount of reagent dispensed (200 ppm).
Par ts per million CaCO3 may be converted to grains per gallon (gpg) CaCO3.

will turn red if hardness

is present. If solution is blue, there is no measurable

tablet disintegrates.

Titrator meets the

CALCIUM HARDNESS TEST PROCEDURE

1. Fill a test tube (0608) to the 12.9 mL line with the sample water.

2. Add 6 drops of *Sodium Hydroxide w/ Metal Inhibitor (4259). Cap and swirl to mix.

3. Add one Calcium Hardness Indicator Tablet (5250A). Cap and swirl until
disintegrates. Solution
no measurable amount of hardness.

4. Immediately  ll Direct Reading Titrator (0382) with Hardness Reagent #7 (4487DR).

5. Insert the Titrator into the center hole of the test tube cap.

6. While gently swirling the tube, slowly press the plunger to immediately titrate until the
red color changes to clear blue.

7. Read the test result directly from the scale where the large ring on the
the

Titrator barrel. Record as ppm Calcium Hardness as (CaCO3).

NOTE: If the plunger reaches the bottom line on the scale (200 ppm) before the
endpoint color change occurs, re ll the Titrator and continue the titration. When
recording the test
dispensed (200 ppm).

will turn red if hardness

result, be sure to include the value of the original amount of reagent

is present. If solution is blue, there is

tablet

Titrator meets

13

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MAGNESIUM HARDNESS TEST PROCEDURE

Subtract Calcium Hardness from Total Hardness. Record as ppm Magnesium Hardness as
CaCO

.

3

Magnesium Hardness (ppm CaCO3) = Total Hardness - Calcium Hardness

ANALYSIS OF HIGH HARDNESS WATER

When waters containing very high levels of hardness (above 500 ppm) are to be tested, the
sample must be diluted to a feasible concentration before titration. The kit is supplied with
a calibrated pipet for performing the kit dilutions described below.

TOTAL HARDNESS DILUTION (1 TO 25.8)

Use the 0.5 mL pipet (0353) to transfer 0.5 mL of the water to be tested to the test tube
(0608).

Dilute to the 12.9 mL line with distilled water.

Follow Steps 2 through 7 under the Total Hardness Test Procedure. Multiply Titrator reading
by 25.8. Record as ppm Total Hardness as CaCO

CALCIUM HARDNESS DILUTION (1 TO 12.9)

1. Use the 0.5 mL pipet (0353) to transfer 1.0 mL (two measures) of the water to be
tested to the test tube (0608).

2. Dilute to the 12.9 mL line with distilled water.

3. Follow Steps 2 through 7 under Calcium Hardness test procedure. Multiply Titrator
reading by 12.9. Record as ppm Calcium Hardness as CaCO

.

3

.

3

MAGNESIUM HARDNESS OF HIGH HARDNESS WATER

Subtract Calcium Hardness from Total Hardness. Record as ppm Magnesium Hardness as
CaCO

.

3

Magnesium Hardness (ppm CaCO

14

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) = Total Hardness - Calcium Hardness

3

SODIUM (by calculation)

Since water has a neutral charge, the total number of
negatively charged anions must equal the total number
of

positively charged cations. Six ions typically make up

98% of

the total ions so the sodium concentration can be

estimated by testing for the  ve other ions.

Negative Ions

Sodium acts in concert
with chloride to enhance
the sweetness and
fullness of the malt,
but just as in food and
cooking, too much can
oversalt the beer and
result in salty or metallic
 avors. Sodium is
ubiquitous in water
supplies and mineral
additions, so it is
important for the brewer
to know how much
the water has before
any treatments are
planned. Sodium can
be easily determined
by calculation from the
results of the other tests.

Chloride (ppm) + Sulfate (ppm) + Total Alkalinity (ppm as CaCO3)

35 48 50

= A

Positive Ions

Total Hardness (ppm as CaCO3)

50

= B

Sodium (ppm) = (A – B) X 23

NOTE: The Total Hardness result incorporates two ions — calcium hardness and
magnesium hardness.

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15

pH & TEMPERATURE

The chemistry of
brewing and cooking
is complex, and while
knowing the mineral
content of the water is
a critical  rst step to
predicting the impact
of the water to the
beer, the best way is
to measure it, and that
is where pH comes
into the picture. The
mineral content of the
water directly affects
the pH of the mash,
and the pH of the
mash affects the entire
brewing process – both
in process performance
and beer  avor. In
order to consistently
brew great beer, the
pH of the mash, wort,
and beer should be
monitored at every
step.

pH & Temperature • TRACER • 1766

For complete instructions, see the pH/TDS/Salt Tracer
manual.

The Tracer pH meter is a high quality meter with an
easy-to-clean  at sensor that allows the brewer to quickly
measure very shallow samples. The meter is accurate to
plus or minus one one-hundredth pH, allowing the brewer
to measure the pH of the mash and wort to the tenths
place with total con dence. You can easily see that your pH
is closer to 5.3 than 5.4 or 5.2.

Water with a low pH can be corrosive. Water with a high pH
can favor scale formation.

Before  rst use, hold the meter by the top battery
compartment and swiftly tap the back of the meter
downward
that the internal electrolyte moves to the very tip of the
electrode. The electrolyte should  ll the circular junction
window at the tip of the electrode.

Before  rst use or after storage, soak the electrode in tap
water or pH buffer solution for about 10 minutes.

For the most accurate results, allow suf cient time for the
temperature of the probe to reach the temperature of the
sample before calibrating. This will be indicated by a stable
temperature reading on the display.

The Tracer will not give accurate pH readings on samples
with low buffer capacity (distilled water).

into your palm (not a hard surface). This assures

CALIBRATION

The TRACER can be calibrated at 1, 2 or 3 points. For the
most accurate results with a two point calibration, calibrate
the TRACER with a pH 7 buffer  rst, then calibrate with
either a pH 4 or pH 10 buffer whichever is closest to the
pH value of the sample to be tested. When performing a
three point calibration, calibrate with the pH 7 buffer  rst,
followed with the pH 4 buffer and then the pH 10 buffer.

Preparation of Buffers

1. Fill a sample cup with 20 mL of distilled or deionized
water.

2. Add one buffer tablet:
pH 4.0 Code 3983A

16

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pH 7.0 Code 3984A

pH 10.0 Code 3985A

3. Use the tablet crusher (0175) to crush the tablet. Stir until the tablet has disintegrated

NOTE: Buffers should be prepared fresh daily.

Calibration

1. Fill a sample cup to the 20 mL line with a buffer solution.

2. Press the ON/OFF button to turn the TRACER ON.

3. Place the electrode in the buffer solution. Press and hold the CAL/RECALL button until

“CAL” appears in the lower display. The meter will automatically recognize the buffer
and calibrate itself to that value. The circled number on the display will match the
value of the buffer.

NOTE: If the buffer solution is more than 1 pH unit off from 4, 7, or 10, or the
electrode slope is low, the meter will assume that there is an error and the calibration
will be terminated. “END” will be displayed.

4. During the calibration the pH value on the display will  ash. When the calibration is
complete, the TRACER will display “SA” and “End” and return to normal operation.

5. The appropriately circled indicator (L, M or H) will appear on the display when a
calibration has been completed within one power on cycle.

6. For a two or three point calibration, repeat steps 1-5 with the remaining buffers.

7. When the TRACER is turned off, the circled indicator con guration and the calibration
data will be memorized.

MEASUREMENT

1. For small samples  ll a sample cup to the 20 mL line with the test sample. Sample
depth must be greater than or equal to 1.5 inches.

2. Press the ON/OFF button. (8888 and then “SELF CAL” will appear in the display during
the initial diagnostics).

3. Press and hold the MODE/HOLD button to scroll to the pH mode.

4. Immerse the TRACER electrode in the sample.
submersed.

5. Slowly stir the sample with the TRACER to remove air bubbles.

6. The reading will  ash until it has stabilized. This may take
on the buffer capacity

7. Record the pH and temperature.

8. Rinse the electrode in distilled water. Replace the cap.

of the sample.

Make sure the electrode is completely

several seconds depending

17

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TDS

The measurement of
total dissolved solids
allows the brewer to
quickly determine if
there has been a shift
or change in a water
source or brewing
process by measuring all
solids in solution. It can
also provide a valuable
quality assurance check
on demineralization
processes and waste
treatment effectiveness.

18

CONDUCTIVITY & TDS • TRACER • 1766

For complete instructions, see the pH/TDS/SaltTracer
manual.

Before  rst use, hold the meter by the top battery
compartment
into your palm
internal electrolyte moves to the very tip of the electrode.
The electrolyte should  ll the circular junction window at
the tip of the electrode.

Before  rst use or after storage, soak the electrode in tap
water

or pH buffer solution for about 10 minutes.

and swiftly tap the back of the meter downward

(not a hard surface). This assures that the

CALIBRATION

Meter accuracy veri cation should be performed on a
periodic

basis as needed. If calibration is required, the meter

must be in the conductivity mode to perform all calibrations
for

conductivity and TDS. The meter can perform calibrations

and

store the data for each of the three ranges–low,
medium and high. The automatic calibration recognition
procedure will recognize conductivity standards of 84μS
(Low), 1413μS (Medium) or 12,880μS (12.88mS) (High).

1. Fill a sample cup to 20 mL line with the 12,880 μs

conductivity standard (6317).

NOTE: The meter allows for a 1, 2, or 3 point

calibration.
point, the lowest concentration should be done  rst to
obtain the best accuracy. Calibrate the ranges from low
to high.

2. Press the ON/OFF button to turn the TRACER on. Insert

the electrode into the standard. Tap or stir the sample
with the Tracer to dislodge air bubbles.

3. Press and hold the CAL/RECALL button for approximately

2 seconds until the display begins to  ash.

4. The meter will automatically recognize and calibrate to

the conductivity standard. The display will brie y
indicate “SA” and “End” and then return to the
measurement mode.

NOTE: “SA” will not appear if the calibration fails.

5. The calibration range indicator will appear on the

display for each range that is calibrated during a power
on cycle.

If calibration is done for more than one

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H

High Range, 12.88 mS/cm (12,880 µS/cm)

CHANGING THE MEASUREMENT FUNCTION

The meter can be set to measure Conductivity, pH, Salinity (ppm), TDS (ppm), or TDS
(mg/L). To change the mode:

1. Press the ON/OFF button to turn the TRACER ON.

2. Press and hold the MODE/HOLD button for 2 seconds. The display will begin to scroll

through the units.
μS or mS (Conductivity)
pH
ppm S or ppt S (Salinity)
ppm or ppt (TDS)
mg/L (TDS)

NOTE: 1 part per thousand (ppt) equals 1000 parts per million (ppm).

Example: 3.1 ppt = 3,100 ppm

3. Release the MODE/HOLD key when the desired mode is displayed.

NOTE: The “HOLD” function cannot be used when changing the measurement

function. If “HOLD” is displayed in the lower left corner of the display, brie y press
the MODE/HOLD button to turn it off.

MEASUREMENT

1. For small samples  ll a sample cup to the 20 mL line with the test sample. Sample
depth must be greater than or equal to 1.5 inches.

2. Press the ON/OFF button. (8888 and then “SELF CAL” will appear in the display during
the initial diagnostics).

3. Press and hold the MODE/HOLD button to scroll to the μs or ms mode.

4. Immerse the TRACER electrode in the sample.
submersed.

5. Slowly stir the sample with the TRACER to remove air bubbles.

6. The meter will automatically auto-range to the proper range and then display the
reading. The display will  ash “0000” while auto-ranging.

7. Rinse the electrode in distilled water. Replace the cap.

Make sure the electrode is completely

19

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DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Dissolved oxygen can
have both a positive
and negative impact
on beer, depending
on the brewing stage.
While fermentation
itself is an anaerobic
process (occurs in the
absence of air), yeast
cells do require oxygen
for growth. Excessive
DO can lead to rapid
fermentations and
excessive yeast growth,
resulting in higher
ester production, giving
fruitier  avors. It can
also lead to permanent
chill haze, increased
beer astringency, and
an increase in color
intensity, largely due
to the oxidation of
polyphenols.

DISSOLVED OXYGEN • TRACER • 1761

For complete instructions,
manual.

see the Dissolved Oxygen Tracer

FILLING THE ELECTRODE

The electrode is shipped dry and requires  lling with
the supplied electrolyte
membrane should be in place and does not need to be
replaced. Follow the procedure on page 9 of the DO Tracer
manual for  lling the membrane cap.

solution before the  rst use. The

POLARIZATION

If the meter has not been used for seven (7) days or longer
the electrode will not be fully polarized. A fully polarized
electrode is indicated by a small,  ashing, asterisk in the
lower right corner of the display when the meter is OFF.
If the asterisk is absent, turn the meter ON and allow the
electrode to fully polarize. This may take 2-3 minutes. The
asterisk will appear to indicate full polarization.

CALIBRATION

Calibration should be performed daily. (Be sure the
electrode is  lled and fully polarized before calibrating)

1. Press the ON/OFF button to turn the TRACER ON.

2. Press and hold MODE until ‘%’ is displayed.

3. Remove the electrode cap. The electrode membrane
must be clean and dry or the calibration will be
incorrect. Do not touch the membrane. Skin oil will
affect the electrode response.

4. Moisten the sponge in the electrode cap with distilled
water or tap water. Do not soak the sponge.

5. Replace the electrode cap on the electrode. There
must be an air gap between the membrane and the
sponge.

6. Wait until the reading stabilizes. Press and hold CAL
until ‘CAL’ is shown on the display. The readings will
blink ‘101.7’ and ‘SA’ will appear. ‘SA’ will not appear
if the calibration fails.

7. When the calibration is complete ‘End’ will appear and
the meter will return to the measurement mode.

20

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MEASUREMENT

(Be sure the electrode is  lled and fully polarized. Calibrate daily.)

1. Cover the electrode with the electrode cap. The sponge in the electrode cap should
be moistened (not soaked) with distilled water or tap water.

2. Press ON/OFF to turn the meter ON. The meter will self calibrate.

3. Press and hold MODE to select the desired unit of measure.

4. Remove the electrode cap.

5. Place the electrode in the sample to be measured. Stir the sample with the
electrode.

6. Wait for the reading to stabilize.

7. P r e s s ON/OFF to turn the meter OFF. Rinse the electrode with distilled water or tap
water. Replace the electrode cap.

21

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Test Results

Chloride

Sulfate

Alkalinity

Total Hardness

Calcium Hardness

Magnesium Hardness
(by calculation)

Sodium
(by calculation)

pH

Temp eratur e

Total Dissolved Solids

Dissolved Oxygen

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

ppm

°F

ppm

%/ppm

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BREWLAB® TIPS

Palmer Brewing

Solutions

TM

If you want to use any of the on-line brew calculators out there, (one such calculator is

BrewLab

®

manual) you may  nd that they are set up by chemical symbols or they ask for
test results that don’t correlate directly to the tests in the BrewLab
de nitions and conversions that may help:

+2

Ca

= Calcium (In the BrewLab® kit this is expressed as CaCO3, see conversion below)

+2

Mg

= Magnesium (the BrewLab® kit this is expressed as CaCO3, see conversion below)

-2

SO

= Sulfate

4

+

Na

= Sodium

-

Cl

= Chloride

­ = Bicarbonate (This is the primary contributor to alkalinity, in the BrewLab

HCO

3

expressed as Calcium Carbonate (CaCO

Fe = Iron (No test for this is included in the BrewLab

Conversions:

To convert the calcium hardness (as CaCO
multiply the result by 0.4.

To convert the magnesium hardness (as CaCO
multiply the result by 0.24.

To convert the alkalinity (as CaCO
the result by 1.22.

which is referenced on the back page of the

®

kit. Here are some

®

kit it is

) so a conversion is needed for HCO3, see below)

3

®

kit)

) from your BrewLab® to calcium (Ca+2),

3

3

) from your BrewLab® to magnesium (Mg+2),

) from your BrewLab® to bicarbonate (HCO3), multiply

3

“People often ask me for advice on brewing water, and the most common question is what’s
the  rst thing I should do? A great brewer, like a great chef, understands how the ingredients
will affect the brewing process and its results. The  rst step to understanding the effect of
water on brewing a great beer is to know what is in it. The Brewlab

Plus

from the LaMotte Company are economical, easy-to-use test kits to quickly measure the

mineral

content of water and allow the brewer to make informed decisions in the brewing

®

Basic and Brewlab

®

process. Great beer starts with a knowledgeable brewer.”

John Palmer, author of How To Brew, Brewing Classic Styles and Water, A Comprehensive
Guide for Brewers.

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