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TO TAL & PHENOLPHTHALEIN
L
M
o
tt
AL KA LIN ITY TEST KIT
CODE 4533
QUANTITY CONTENTS CODE
100 BCG-MR Indicator Tablets T-2311-J
100 Phenolphthalein Tablets T-2246-J
60 mL *Alkalinity Titrration Reagent B *4493PS-H
1 Test Tube, 5-10-15 mL, glass, w/cap 0778
1 Pipet, plain 0352
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health
hazards. To view or print a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for these reagents go
to www.lamotte.com. To obtain a printed copy, contact LaMotte by e-mail, phone or
fax..
To order individual reagents or test kit components, use the specified code number.
PROCEDURE
PHENOLPHTHALEIN (P) AL KA LIN ITY
1. Fill the test tube (0778) to 5 mL line with sample water.
2. Add one Phenolphthalein Tablet (T-2246). Cap and mix until
disintegrated. If sample turns red, proceed to Step 3. If no red color
develops, P Alkalinity is zero.
3. Fill pipet (0352) with *Alkalinity Reagent B (4493PS). While gently
swirling the tube, hold pipet vertically and add *Alkalinity Reagent B
drop by drop until color changes from red to colorless. Count the drops
added. DO NOT DISCARD SAMPLE IF TESTING TOTAL
ALKALINITY.
4. Calculate result. Record as ppm Phenolphthalein Alkalinity as CaCO3.
Number of drops in Step 3 x 10 = ppm P Alkalinity
TO TAL (T) AL KA LIN ITY
5. Add one BCG-MR Indicator (T-2311) to sample from previous
procedure. Cap and shake until disintegrated. Sample color will be
green.
6. Fill pipet (0352) with *Alkalinity Regent B (4493PS). While gently
swirling the tube, hold pipet vertically and add *Alkalinity Reagent
Bdrop by drop until color changes from green to pink. Count the drops
added.
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7. Multiply number of drops used in Step 6 by 10. Add to result from
P Alkalinity procedure. Record as ppm Total Alkalinity as CaCO3.
ppm T Alkalinity =
(Number of drops in Step 6 x 10) + ppm P Alkalinity
If testing only Total Alkalinity, do Steps 1, 5 and 6. Multiply number of
drops used in Step 6 by 10. Record as ppm Total Alkalinity as CaCO3.
CAL CU LA TION OF AL KA LIN ITY RE LA TION SHIPS
The results obtained from the Phenolphthalein and Total Alkalinity
determinations offer a means for the stoichiometric classification of the
three principal forms of alkalinity present in many water supplies. The
classification attributes the entire alkalinity to bicarbonate, carbonate and
hydroxide, and attributes the absence of other weak acids of inorganic or
organic composition, such as silica, phosphoric and boric.
This classification system assumes the incompatibility of hydroxide and
bicarbonate alkalinities in the same sample. Since the calculations are on a
stoichiometric basis, ion concentrations in the strictest sense are not
represented in the results.
According to this scheme:
A. Carbonate alkalinity is present when the phenolphthalein alkalinity is
not zero but is less than the total alkalinity.
B. Hydroxide alkalinity is present if the phenolphthalein alkalinity is
more than one-half the total alkalinity.
C. Bicarbonate slkalinity is present if the phnolphthalein alkalinity is less
than one-half the total alkalinity.
Relationships Between Phenolphthalein Alkalinity,
Total Alkalinity, Carbonate Alkalinity, & Hydroxide Alkalinity
Result
of
Titration
Hydroxide
Alkalinity as
CaCO
3
Carbonate
Alkalinty as
CaCO
3
Bicarbonate
Alkalinity as
CaCO
3
P = 0 0 0 T
P < aT 0 2P
T - 2P
P = aT 0 2P 0
P > aT
2P - T 2(T - P)
0
P = T T 0 0
LaMOTTE COM PANY
Helping Peo ple Solve An a lyt i cal Challenges
PO Box 329 • Chestertown • Mary land • 21620 • USA
800-344-3100 • 410-778-3100 (Out side USA) • Fax 410-778-6394
Visit us on the web at www.lamotte.com
®
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