The most common mineral forms of sulfur are iron sulfide, lead sulfide, zinc
sulfide, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate. In most fresh waters, the
sulfate ion is the second or third most abundant anion, being exceeded only
by bicarbonate and, in some cases, silicate. Sulfur, in the form of sulfate, is
considered an important nutrient element. Mineral springs are rich in sulfate
and feed appreciable quantities of this compound to the watershed. Acid mine
water drainage is a form of pollution which may contribute extremely large
amounts of sulfate content to natural waters. Other sources of sulfate include
waste material from pulp mills, steel mills, food processing operations and
municipal wastes. Many bacteria obtain sulfur from sulfate for the synthesis
of amino acids. In lakes and streams low in oxygen, this process of sulfate
reduction causes the production of hydrogen sulfide, with its characteristic
offensive odor. Calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate contribute
significantly to the hardness of water. Under natural conditions, the quantities
ordinarily to be expected in lakes are between 3 and 30 parts per million.
APPLICATION
Drinking and surface; domestic and industrial wastes.
RANGE
0 to 100 ppm Sulfate
METHOD
Sulfate ion is precipitated in an acid medium with barium chloride to form a
barium sulfate suspension in proportion to the amount of sulfate present.
HANDLING & PRESERVATION
Sulfate samples may be preserved by refrigeration at 4°C up to 7 days in glass
or plastic containers without any change in concentration.
INTERFERENCES
Suspended matter and color interference may be removed by a filtration step.
Silica in excess of 500 mg/L will interfere.
NOTE: The meter will remember the last scanned blank reading. It is not
necessary to scan a blank each time the test is performed. To use the
previous blank reading, instead of scanning a new one, scroll to Scan Sample
and proceed. For the most accurate results, the meter should be blanked
before each test and the same tube should be used for the blank and the
reacted sample.
NOTE: For the best possible results, carry a reagent blank through the
procedure. After scanning the blank, perform the test procedure on clear,
colorless,
subsequent test results.
distilled or deioized water. Subtract results of regent blank from all
CALIBRATION
STANDARDS
The meter should be calibrated with sulfate standards. The calibration should
be done with a distilled or deionized water blank and one sulfate standard of
known concentration. The concentration of the calibration standard should be
similar to the expected concentration of the sample that will be tested.
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
Calibration
1. Press and briefly hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu
will appear.
4. Rinse a clean tube (0290) three
times with the sulfate standard.
Fill to the 10 mL line with the
sulfate standard. Cap the tube.
Dry the tube with a lint-free
Calibration
cloth.
5. Insert tube into chamber, close
lid and select Scan Blank.
6. Remove tube from colorimeter.
Use the 0.1 g spoon (0699) to
add one measure of *Sulfate
Reagent (V-6277).
7. Cap and shake vigorouslly for 15 seconds. A white precipitate will
develop if sulfates are present.
The default setting for the data logger is enabled. The meter will log the last
500 data points. The counter in the center bottom of the display will show how
many data points have been logged. The display will show 500+ when the data
logger has exceeded 500 points and the data points are being overwritten.
1. From the Editing Menu, press
or to scroll to
Logging.
2. Press
ENTER
to select Logging.
3. Press or to scroll to
desired function.
Editing Menu
Set Clock
Logging
Factory Setup
Set Power Save
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Logging
Display Test Log
Logging Enabled
Logging Disabled
Erase Log
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Logging
Display Test Log
Logging Enabled
Logging Disabled
Erase Log
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4. Press
ENTER
. The screen will
display Storing... for about 1
second and return to the EditingMenu.
The Factory Setup menu is used in manufacturing of the colorimeter. This
menu is not for use by the operator in the field.
SETTING POWER SAVE
The power saving Auto Shutoff feature will turn the meter off when a button
has not been pushed for a set amount of time. The default setting is disabled.
To change the setting:
1. From the Editing Menu, press
or to scroll to Set
Power Save.
2. Press
ENTER
to select Set Power
Save.
3. Press or to scroll to
desired function.
Editing Menu
Set Clock
Logging
Factory Setup
Set Power Save
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Set Power Save
Disable
5 Minutes
15 Minutes
30 Minutes
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Set Power Save
Disable
5 Minutes
15 Minutes
30 Minutes
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4. Press
ENTER
. The screen will
display Storing.... for about 1
second and the meter will retun
to the Editing Menu.
The backlight illuminates the display for enhanced viewing. The default setting
is 10 seconds. If Button Control is chosen the backlight button on the key pad
will act as an on/off switch and the backlight will remain on or off when the
meter is being used. When one of the other settings – 10, 20 or 30 seconds –
is chosen, the display will be illuminated for the specified amount of time after
any button is pressed.
NOTE: The backlight feature uses a significant amount of power. The longer
the backlight is on, the more frequently the battery will have to be charged if
the USB/Wall Adapter is not being used.
1. From the Editing Menu, press
or to scroll to
Backlight Time.
2. Press
ENTER
to select Set
Backlight Time.
3. Press or to scroll to
desired option.
Editing Menu
Logging
Factory Setup
Set Power Save
Set Backlight Time
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Set Backlight Time
Button Control
10 seconds
20 seconds
30 seconds
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Set Backlight Time
Button Control
10 seconds
20 seconds
30 seconds
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4. Press
ENTER
. The screen will
display Storing... for about 1
second and the meter will return
to the Editing Menu.
There are seven languages available: English, Spanish, French,
Portuguese, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese.
1. From the Editing Menu, press
or to scroll to
Select Language.
2. Press
ENTER
to select Select
Language.
3. Press or to scroll to
desired language.
Editing Menu
Factory Setup
Set Power Save
Set Backlight Time
Select Language
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Select Language
English
Spanish
French
Portugese
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Select Language
English
Spanish
French
Portugese
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4. Press
ENTER
. The screen will
display Storing... for about 1
second and the meter will return
to the Editing Menu.
Set Power Save
Set Backlight Time
Editing Menu
Bluetooth Menu
Select Language
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NOTE: If meter unintentionally switches to another language, use the
procedure above to reset the meter to the desired language. For example, to
reset the meter to English:
Long menus, such as the Tsting Menu, incorporate a looping feature which
allows the user to quickly reach the last choice in the menu from the first
choice. In a looping menu the last choices in the menu are above the first
choice and scrolling upward moves through the menu in reverse order.
Scrolling downward moves through the menu from first choice to last but
the menu starts over following the last choice. So all menu choices can be
reached by scrolling in either direction. The diagrams below demonstrate a
looping menu.
The colorimeter may be operated on battery power, using a USB wall adapter
or USB computer connection. If using the meter as a bench top unit, use the
wall adapter if possible to extend the battery life. The meter will remain on
when the USB adapter is used.
To charge the battery with the wall adapter, plug the smaller end of the USB
cable (USB mini B connector) into the meter and the larger end of the USB
cable (USB Type A connector) into the wall adapter. Plug the wall adapter into
an AC outlet. Reinsert the USB port plug after charging.
To charge the battery from a computer, plug the smaller end of the USB cable
(USB mini B connector) into the meter and the larger end of the USB cable
(USB Type A connector) into a USB port on a computer.
The battery icon will show no bars and flash when the unit first turns on. Then
the indicator will indicate the battery status by showing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 bars.
It will take 5 hours to fully charge a low battery. The battery icon will flash
when the battery is charging. The battery icon will show four bars and stop
flashing when it is fully charged. The charging circuit will automatically switch
to a float charge when the battery is fully charged. The charger may remain
connected. Some computers will NOT supply power to their USB ports during
standby operation. The wall adapter will charge the unit continuously.
The battery icon will show no bars and continuously flash if the battery is
getting low but the unit will still operate normally. A “Low Battery” message on
the status bar of the display will replace the time when the battery voltage is
too low for proper operation and accuracy may be degraded. A “Shutdown Low
Batt” message on the display will appear for a few seconds before the power
is switched off when the battery is too low to operate the unit.
To extend the battery life:
• Shut down the unit with the power switch when not taking
measurements or use the power save option to have the unit
automatically turn off after 5 minutes.
• Store the unit in a cool dry place.
• Fully charge the battery before storing the unit for extended periods
of time.
• Limit backlight use. The unit consumes 3X normal power with the
backlight on. Set the backlight time option to 10 seconds, or select
“Button Control” and keep the backlight off.
The lithium ion battery used in this unit should last for many years with
normal use. When it no longer powers the unit long enough to meet testing
requirements it will need to be replaced. Lithium ion batteries that are
properly charged and stored do not usually lose all capacity; they just have
less capacity after hundreds of charge cycles. This unit uses a custom battery
assembly that is only available from LaMotte Company. Battery replacement
must be performed at a LaMotte authorized repair facility. The water resistant
housing of this meter should not be opened by the user
MAINTENANCE
CLEANING
Clean the exterior housing with a damp, lint-free cloth. Do not allow water
to enter the light chamber or any other parts of the meter. To clean the
light chamber and optics area, point a can of compressed air into the light
chamber and blow the pressurized air into the light chamber. Use a cotton
swab dampened with Windex® window cleaner to gently swab the interior of
the chamber. Do not use alcohol; it will leave a thin residue over the optics
when dry.
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
Natural resources were used in the production of this equipment. This
equipment may contain materials that are hazardous to health and the
environment. To avoid harm to the environment and natural resources, the
use of appropriate take-back systems is recommended. The crossed out
wheeled bin symbol on the meter encourages the use of these systems when
disposing of this equipment.
Take-back systems will allow the materials to be reused or recycled in a
way that will not harm the environment. For more information on approved
collection, reuse, and recycling systems contact local or regional waste
administration or recycling services.
GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION
OVERVIEW
The meter is a portable, microprocessor controlled, direct reading colorimeter.
It has a graphical liquid crystal display and 6 button keypad. These allow the
user to select options from the menu driven software, to directly read test
results or to review stored results of previous tests in the data logger. The
menus can be displayed in seven different languages.
The LaMotte tests are precalibrated for LaMotte reagent systems.
The colorimeter displays the result of these tests directly in units of
concentration.
The optics feature a colored LED. The LED has a corresponding silicon
photoiode with an integrated interference filter. The interference filter selects
a narrow band of light from the corresponding LED for the colorimetric
measurements.
A USB wall adapter, USB computer connection or lithium battery powers the
colorimeter.
GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION
The operation of the colorimeter is controlled by the menu driven software
and user interface. A menu is a list of choices. This allows a selection of
various tasks for the colorieter to perform, such as scan blank and scan
sample. The keypad is used to make menu selections that are viewed on the
display.
The keypad has 6 buttons which are used to perform specific tasks.
This button will scroll up through a list of menu selections.
ENTER
The button is used to select choices in a menu viewed on the
display.
This button controls the backlight on the display.
This button will scroll down through a list of menu selections.
EXIT
This button exits to the previous menu.
This button turns the meter on or off.
ENTER
EX I T
THE DISPLAY AND MENUS
The display allows menu selections to be viewed and selected. These
selections instruct the colorimeter to perform specific tasks. The menus are
viewed in the display using two general formats that are followed from one
menu to the next. Each menu is a list of choices or selections.
The display has a header line at the top and a footer line at the bottom. The
header displays the title of the current menu. The footer line displays the
time and the date, the data logger status and the battery status. The menu
selection window is in the middle of the display between the header and the
footer.
The menu selection window displays information in two general formats. In
the first format only menu selections are displayed. Up to 4 lines of menu
selections may be displayed. If more selections are available they can be
viewed by pressing the arrow buttons to scroll the other menu
selections into the menu selection window. Think of the menu selections as
a vertical list in the display that moves up or down each time an arrow button
is pressed. Some menus in the colorimeter are looping menus.
The top and bottom menu choices are connected in a loop. Scrolling down
past the bottom of the menu will lead to the top of the menu. Scrolling up
past the top of the menu will lead to the bottom of the menu.
A light bar will indicate the menu choice. As the menu is scrolled through, the
light bar will highlight different menu choices. Pressing the
select the menu choice that is indicated by the light bar.
In the second format the menu choice window takes advantage of the
graphical capabilities of the display. Large format graphic information, such
as test results or error messages or the LaMotte logo is displayed. The top
two lines of the display are used to display information in a large, easy to read
format. The menus work in the same way as previously described but two lines
of the menu are visible at the bottom of the display.
HeaderMenu Title
Message or Result Window
ENTER
button will
Result or
Message
Another
Main Window Selection And Another
Footer
As described previously, the
current menu and a return to the previous menu. This allows a rapid exit from
an inner menu to the main menu by repeatedly pushing the
Pushing at any time will turn the colorimeter off.
More choices are available and can be viewed by scrolling
up and/or down through the display.
HeaderIdentifies the current menu and information on units and
reagent systems if applicable.
FooterIn the data logging mode the number of the data point
is displayed and the total number of data points in the
memory will be shown. The footer also shows current time
and battery status
TUBES AND CHAMBERS
The colorimeter uses one type of tube (Code 0290) for all test factors.
The handling of the tubes is of utmost importance. Tubes must be clean and
free from lint, fingerprints, dried spills and significant scratches, especially
the central zone between the bottom and the sample line.
Scratches, fingerprints and water droplets on the tube can cause stray light
interference leading to inaccurate results. Tubes that have been scratched in
the light zone through excessive use should be discarded and replaced with
new ones.
Tubes should always be washed on the inside and outside with mild detergent
prior to use to remove dirt or fingerprints. The tubes should be allowed to airdry in an inverted position to prevent dust from entering the tubes. Dry tubes
should be stored with the caps on to prevent contamination.
After a tube has been filled and capped, it should be held by the cap and the
outside surface should be wiped with a clean, lint-free absorbent cloth until it
is dry and smudge-free. Handling the tube only by the cap will avoid problems
from fingerprints. Always set the clean tube aside on a clean surface that will
not contaminate the tube. It is imperative that the tubes and light chamber be
clean and dry. The outside of the tubes should be dried with a clean, lint-free
cloth or disposable wipe before they are placed in the meter chamber.
Tubes should be emptied and cleaned as soon as possible after reading a
sample to prevent deposition of particulates on the inside of the tubes.
Variability in the geometry of the glassware and technique is the predominate
cause of variability in results. Slight variations in wall thickness and the
diameter of the tubes may lead to slight variations in the test results. To
eliminate this error the tubes should be placed in the chamber with the same
orientation each time.
Chambers which have been scratched through excessive use should be
discarded and replaced with a new one.
If a test result is out of the range of the meter, it must be diluted. The test
should then be repeated on the diluted sample. The following table gives quick
reference guidelines for dilutions of various proportions.
Amount of SampleDeionized Water to Bring
Final Volume to 10 mL
10 mL0 mL1
5 mL5 mL2
2.5 mL7.5 mL4
1 mL9 mL10
0.5 mL9.5 mL20
All dilutions are based on a final volume of 10 mL, so several dilutions will
require small volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be
used for all dilutions. If volumetric glassware is not available, dilutions can
be made with the colorimeter tube. Fill the tube to the 10 mL line with the
sample and then transfer it to another container. Add 10 mL volumes of
deionized water to the container and mix. Transfer 10 mL of the diluted
sample to the colorimeter tube and follow the test procedure. Repeat the
dilution and testing procedures until the result falls within the range of the
calibration. Multiply the test result by the dilution factor. For example, if 10 mL
of the sample water is diluted with three 10 mL volumes of deionized water,
the dilution factor is four. The test result of the diluted sample should be
multiplied by four.
Multiplication Factor
GENERAL INFORMATION
PACKAGING AND DELIVERY
Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate
protection against normal hazards encountered in transportation of
shipments.
After the product leaves LaMotte Company, all responsibility for safe delivery
is assured by the transportation company. Damage claims must be filed
immediately with the transportation company to receive compensation for
damaged goods.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
READ THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SET UP OR
OPERATE THE METER. Failure to do so could result in personal injury or
damage to the meter. The meter should not be used or stored in a wet or
corrosive environment. Care should be taken to prevent water from wet tubes
from entering the meter chamber.
Read the labels on all LaMotte reagent containers prior to use. Some
containers include precautionary notices and first aid information. Certain
reagents are considered hazardous substances and are designated with
a * in the instruction manual. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) can be found at
Keep equipment and reagent chemicals out of the reach of young children.
Ensure that the protection provided by this equipment is not impaired. Do not
intall or use this equipment in a manner that is not indicated in this manual.
LIMITS OF LIABILITY
Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life,
property, profits, or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of its
products.
The colorimeter has been independently tested and has earned the European
CE Mark of compliance for electromagnetic compatibility and safety. To view
certificates of compliance, go to the L
IP67 Certification
The meets IP67 standards for protection against dust and immersion only
when the USB port plug is in place. Documentation is available at www.
If the message OVERRANGE is displayed when scanning a sample, the
sample may be over range or under range. If the sample is over range the
sample should be diluted and tested again (see Sample Dilution Techniques
and Volumetric Measurements, page 25).
If overrange is displayed, press
ENTER
to continue testing on diluted
samples.
Note: After pressing
overrange cncentration will be
displayed. This concentration is an
approximation only.
ENTER
, the
Overrange
<Enter> continue
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
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089 Sulfate HR
CALIBRATION
As with all pre-calibrated meters, it is highly recommended, even if not
required by regulations, that the user periodically verify the performance of
the meter by running standards with a predetermined concentration. Results
outside of specification are an indication that the meter needs to be adjusted.
This can be done following the user calibration described on page 10. If the
user calibration fails to properly adjust the meter then the meter should be
returned to LaMotte Company for recalibration. (See page 20).
STRAY LIGHT
The colorimeter should have no problems with stray light. Make sure that the
sample compartment lid is always fully closed.