Lamotte 2020t-i User Manual
1
2020t/i
Turbidity Meter
Medidor de turbidez
Turbidimètre
Code/ Código 1974-T/1974-I
1
CONTENTS
GENERAL INFORMATION
∆ Packaging and Delivery ......................................................................................... 4
∆ General Precautions ..............................................................................................4
∆ Safety Precautions................................................................................................. 4
∆ Limits of Liability .................................................................................................... 4
∆ Specifi cations ......................................................................................................... 4
∆ Statistical & Technical Defi nitions .................................................................... 6
∆ Contents and Accessories .................................................................................... 7
∆ EPA Compliance ......................................................................................................8
∆ ISO Compliance .......................................................................................................8
∆ CE Compliance ........................................................................................................ 8
∆ IP67 Compliance ....................................................................................................8
∆ Warranty ................................................................................................................... 8
∆ Register Your Meter ............................................................................................... 8
COMPUTER CONNECTION
∆ Output ....................................................................................................................... 8
∆ Computer Connection ........................................................................................... 9
BATTERY/AC OPERATION ................................................................................................. 9
TURBIDITY
∆ What is Turbidity? ................................................................................................10
∆ How is Turbidity Measured? ...............................................................................10
∆ Turbidity Units .......................................................................................................11
∆ Taking Turbidity Water Samples .......................................................................12
∆ Sample Dilution Techniques ..............................................................................13
OPTIONS & SETUP
∆ Factory Default Settings.....................................................................................13
∆ Turbidity Options
Selecting a Turbidity Calibration Curve ....................................................... 14
Selecting Turbidity Units................................................................................. 16
∆ Averaging ................................................................................................................18
∆ Setting Clock .........................................................................................................19
∆ Setting Power Save ..............................................................................................21
∆ Setting Backlight Time ........................................................................................22
∆ Selecting Language .............................................................................................24
∆ PC Link ....................................................................................................................25
DATA LOGGING .................................................................................................................25
2
CALIBRATION & ANALYSIS
∆ Calibration ..............................................................................................................27
Turbidity Standards ......................................................................................... 27
Tubes ................................................................................................................... 27
Turbidity Calibration Procedure .................................................................... 27
∆ Analysis without Blanking Procedure ..............................................................32
∆ Analysis with Blanking Procedure ...................................................................33
∆ Dilution Procedure ...............................................................................................36
∆ Preparation of Turbidity-Free Water ................................................................36
∆ Testing Tips ............................................................................................................38
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
∆ Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................39
∆ Stray Light ..............................................................................................................39
GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION
∆ Overview..................................................................................................................40
∆ The Keypad .............................................................................................................40
∆ The Display and Menus .......................................................................................40
∆ Negative Results ...................................................................................................42
∆ Tubes and Chambers ...........................................................................................42
MAINTENANCE
∆ Cleaning ..................................................................................................................43
∆ Repairs ....................................................................................................................43
∆ Meter Disposal ......................................................................................................43
Refer to the Quick Start Guide for simplifi ed Calibration and Analysis procedures.
Refer to the Testing Guide for detailed Calibration and Analysis procedures for improving
the accuracy of low range turbidity measurements.
3
Refer to the Quick Start Guide for simplifi ed Calibration and Analysis procedures.
Refer to the
Testing Guide for detailed Calibration and Analysis procedures for improving
the accuracy of low range turbidity measurements.
GENERAL INFORMATION
PACKAGING AND DELIVERY
Experienced packaging personnel at LaMotte Company assure adequate protection
against normal hazards encountered in transportation of shipments.
After the product leaves LaMotte Company, all responsibility for safe delivery is assured
by the transportation company. Damage claims must be fi led immediately with the
transportation company to receive compensation for damaged goods.
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
READ THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SET UP OR OPERATE THE METER.
Failure to do so could result in personal injury or damage to the meter. The meter should
not be used or stored in a wet or corrosive environment. Care should be taken to prevent
water from wet tubes from entering the meter chamber.
NEVER PUT WET TUBES IN THE METER.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
*WARNING: Reagents marked with an * are considered to be potential health hazards. To
view or print a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for these reagents go to www.lamotte.com.
Search for the four digit reagent code number listed on the reagent label, in the contents
list or in the test procedures. Omit any letter that follows or precedes the four digit code
number.
For example, if the code is 4450WT-H, search 4450. To obtain a printed copy, contact
LaMotte by email, phone or fax.
Emergency information for all LaMotte reagents is available from Chem-Tel: (US, 1-800255-3924) (International, call collect, 813-248-0585).
Ensure that the protection provided by this equipment is not impaired. Do not install or use
this equipment in a manner that is not indicated in this manual.
LIMITS OF LIABILITY
Under no circumstances shall LaMotte Company be liable for loss of life, property, profi ts,
or other damages incurred through the use or misuse of their products.
SPECIFICATIONS - 2020t/i
Mode Nephelometric Ratiometric Attenuation
Unit of Measure
2020t
Unit of Measure
2020i
Range 0-100 NTU/FNU
NTU, ASBC, EBC NTU, NTRU, ASBC, EBC NTU, AU, ASBC, EBC
NTU, FNU, ASBC, EBC NTU, FNRU, ASBC, EBC NTU, FAU, ASBC,
0-1,750 ASBC
0-25 EBC
0-1,000 NTRU/FNRU
0-17,500 ASBC
0-250 EBC
EBC
0-2,000 AU/FAU
0-70,000 ASBC
0-1,000 EBC
4
Resolution 0–10.99 NTU/FNU: 0.01
NTU/FNU,
11.0–100.0 NTU/FNU: 0.1
NTU/FNU
Accuracy 0-2.5 NTU/FNU:
±0.05 NTU/FNU,
2.5-100 NTU/FNU: ±2%
Detection Limit 0.05 NTU/FNU 0.05 NTRU/FNRU 10 AU/FAU
Reproducibility 0.02 NTU/FNU or 1% 0.02 NTRU/FNRU or 1% 1%
Range Selection Automatic
Light Source 2020t: Tungsten lamp 2300 °K ±50 °K, 2020i: IR LED 860 nm ±10 nm,
spectral bandwidth 50 nm
Detector 2020t: Photodiode, centered at 90° and 180°, maximum peak 400-600 nm
2020i: Photodiode, centered at 90° and 180°
Response Time: <2 seconds
Signal Averaging: Yes
Sample Chamber: Accepts 25 mm fl at-bottomed test tubes
Sample: 10 mL in capped tube
Display: Graphic Liquid Crystal Display with Backlight
Software: Auto Shut-off : 5, 10, 30 min, disabled
Calibration: Field adjustable, blank and 1 point
Data Logging: 500 points
Languages: English, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, Chinese, Japanese (Kana)
0–10.99 NTRU/FNRU: 0.01
NTRU/FNRU, 11.0–109.9
NTRU/FNRU: 0.1 NTRU/
FNRU,
110–1000 NTRU/FNRU: 1
NTRU/FNRU
0-2.5 NTRU/FNRU:
±0.05 NTRU/FNRU,
2.5-100 NTRU/FNRU: ±2%,
100-1000 NTRU/FNRU:
±3%.
0–2000 AU/FAU:
1 AU/FAU
0-2000 AU/FAU:
±10 AU/FAU or 6%
whichever is greater
Temperature: Operation: 0–50 °C; Storage: -40–60 °C
Operation
Humidity Range:
Auto Shut-off : 5, 10, 30 min, disabled
Power Source: USB wall adapter, USB computer connection or Lithium ion rechargeable
Battery: Charge Life: Approximately 380 tests with backlight on to 1000 tests with
Electrical Ratings: Rated voltage (5V), Rated power of input current (1.0A) at mini-USB input
Data Logger: 500 test results stored
Waterproof: IP67 with USB port plug in place.
Dimensions: (W x L x H) 8.84 x 19.05 x 6.35 cm; 3.5 x 7.5 x 2.2 inches
0–90 % RH, non-condensing
battery
backlight off . (Signal averaging disabled).
Battery Life: Approximately 500 charges.
port
5
Certifi cations:
Weight: 362 g, 13 oz (meter only)
USB Interface: mini B
CE Mark Safety: Low Voltage Directive (2006/95/EC)
IEC 61010-1:2001, EN 601010-1:2001,
2nd edition
EU EMC: EMC Directive (2004/108/EC)
EN 61326-1:2006, EN 61000-4-2:1995
including A1:1998 and A2:2001, EN
61000-4-3:2002, EN 61000-4-4:2004,
EN 61000-4-5:1995 including A1:2001,
EN 61000-4-6:1996 and A1:2001, EN
61000-4-11:2004, EN 55011:2007, IEC
61000-3-2:2005, EN 61000-3-2:2006,
IEC 61000-3-3:1994, EN 61000-3-3:1995
including A1:2001 and A2:2005
US EMC CFR 47, Part 15 Subpart B:2007
CAN EMC ICES-003, Issue 4, February 2004
AU/NZ EMC AU/NZ: CISPR 11:2004
STATISTICAL & TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS RELATED TO PRODUCT
SPECIFICATIONS
Method Detection Limit (MDL): “The method detection limit (MDL) is defi ned as the
minimum concentration of a substance that can be measured and reported with 99%
confi dence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is determined from
analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing the analyte.”
Horwitz once stated, ‘In almost all cases when dealing with a limit of detection or limit of
determination, the primary purpose of determining that limit is to stay away from it.’”
Accuracy: Accuracy is the nearness of a measurement to the accepted or true value.3
The accuracy can be expressed as a range, about the true value, in which a measurement
occurs (i.e. ±0.5 ppm). It can also be expressed as the % recovery of a known amount of
analyte in a determination of the analyte (i.e. 103.5 %).
Resolution: Resolution is the smallest discernible diff erence between any two
measurements that can be made.
4
For meters this is usually how many decimal places are
displayed. (i.e. 0.01). Note that the resolution many change with concentration or range. In
some cases the resolution may be less than the smallest interval, if it is possible to make a
reading that falls between calibration marks. A word of caution, that resolution has very little
relationship to accuracy or precision. The resolution will always be less than the accuracy
or precision but it is not a statistical measure of how well a method of analysis works. The
resolution can be very, very good and the accuracy and precision can be very bad! This is not
a useful measure of the performance of a test method.
Repeatability: Repeatability is the within-run precision.
set up to clean up. Generally, one run occurs on one day. However, for meter calibrations, a
single calibration is considered a single run or data set, even though it may take 2 or 3 days.
Reproducibility: Reproducibility is the between-run precision.
Detection Limit (DL): The detection limit (DL) for the 2020t/i is defi ned as the minimum
value or concentration that can be determined by the meter, which is greater than zero,
independent of matrix, glassware, and other sample handling sources of error. It is the
detection limit for the optical system of the meter.
1
Note that, “As Dr. William
5
A run is a single data set, from
6
2
6
1
CFR 40, part 136, appendix B
2
Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P.
31.
3
Skoog, D.A., West, D. M., Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2nd ed., Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc, 1969, p. 26.
4
Statistics in Analytical Chemistry: Part 7 – A Review, D. Coleman and L Vanatta, American Laboratory, Sept 2003, P.
34.
5
Jeff ery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed.,
Longman Scientifi c & Technical, 1989, p. 130.
6
Jeff ery G. H., Basset J., Mendham J., Denney R. C., Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 5th ed.,
Longman Scientifi c & Technical, 1989, p. 130
CONTENTS & ACCESSORIES
2020t Kit
EPA Version/
Code 1974-T
2020i Kit
ISO Version/
Code 1974-I
Contents Code Code
2020t/i Turbidimeter
0 NTU Standard, 60 mL 1480 1480
1 NTU Standard, 60 mL 1441
10 NTU/FNU Standard, 60 mL 1442 1447
100 FNU Standard, 60 mL 1444
Water Sample Bottle, 60 mL 0688 0688
Test Tubes, with Caps 0260 (6) 0260 (6)
Cable, USB 1720 1720
USB Wall Adapter 1721 1721
2020t/i Manual 1974-MN 1974-MN
2020t/i Quick Start Guide 1974-QG 1974-QG
2020t/i Testing Guide 1974-TG 1974-TG
Accessories
Code Description
0260-6 Test tubes, with Caps
1446 1 FNU Standard, 60 mL (ISO)
1443 100 NTU Standard, 60 mL (EPA)
6195-H Formazin Standard Solution, 4000 NTU, 60 mL
3-0038 Replacement Chamber
0943 Syringe, 60 mL, plastic
2-2097 Filters, 0.1 micron, Pack of 50
5-0132 Car Charger
7
EPA COMPLIANCE
The 2020t meter meets or exceeds EPA design specifi cations for NPDWR and NPDES
turbidity monitoring programs as specifi ed by the USEPA method 180.1.
ISO COMPLIANCE
This 2020i meter meets or exceeds ISO design criteria for quantitative methods of turbidity
using optical turbidimeters as specifi ed by ISO 7027.
CE COMPLIANCE
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device
must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential
area is likely to cause harmful interferences in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at his own expense.
IP67 COMPLIANCE
The 2020t/i meets IP67 standards for protection against dust and immersion only when
the USB port plug is in place. Documentation is available at www.lamotte.com.
WARRANTY
LaMotte Company warrants this instrument to be free of defects in parts and workmanship
for 2 years from the date of shipment. If it should become necessary to return the
instrument for service during or beyond the warranty period, contact our Technical
Service Department at 1-800-344-3100 for a return authorization number or visit
www.lamotte.com for troubleshooting help. The sender is responsible for shipping
charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to prevent damage in transit. This
warranty does not apply to defects resulting from action of the user such as misuse,
improper wiring, operation outside of specifi cation, improper maintenance or repair, or
unauthorized modifi cation. LaMotte Company specifi cally disclaims any implied warranties
or merchantability or fi tness for a specifi c purpose and will not be liable for any direct,
indirect, incidental or consequential damages. LaMotte Company’s total liability is limited
to repair or replacement of the product. The warranty set forth above is inclusive and no
other warranty, whether written or oral, is expressed or implied.
REGISTER YOUR METER
To register your meter with the LaMotte Service Department, go to www.lamotte.com and
choose SUPPORT on the top navigation bar.
COMPUTER CONNECTION
OUTPUT
USB
8
COMPUTER CONNECTION
USB Type A, USB mini B, Order Cable Code 1720.
BATTERY/AC OPERATION
The 2020t/i may be operated on battery power or using the USB wall adapter or USB
computer connection. If using the meter as a bench top unit, use the wall adapter if
possible to extend the battery life. The meter will remain on when the USB adapter is used.
To charge the lithium ion battery with the wall adapter, plug the smaller end of the USB
cable (USB mini B connector) into the meter and the larger end of the USB cable (USB Type
A connector) into the wall adapter. Plug the wall adapter into an AC outlet. Reinsert the USB
port plug after charging.
To charge the battery from a computer, plug the smaller end of the USB cable (USB mini B
connector) into the meter and the larger end of the USB cable (USB Type A connector) into
a USB port on a computer. Reinsert the USB port plug after charging.
The battery icon will show no bars and fl ash when the unit fi rst turns on. Then the indicator
will indicate the battery status by showing 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 bars.
It will take 5 hours to fully charge a low battery. The battery icon will fl ash when the battery
is charging. The battery icon will show four bars and stop fl ashing when it is fully charged.
The charging circuit will automatically switch to a fl oat charge when the battery is fully
charged. The charger may remain connected. Some computers will NOT supply power to
the USB ports during standby operation. The wall adapter will charge the unit continuously.
The battery icon will show no bars and continuously fl ash if the battery is getting low but
the unit will still operate normally. A “Low Battery” message on the status bar of the display
will replace the time when the battery voltage is too low for proper operation and accuracy
may be degraded. A “Shutdown Low Batt” message on the display will appear for a few
seconds before the power is switched off when the battery is too low to operate the unit.
To extend the battery life:
• Shut down the unit with the power switch when not taking measurements
or use the power save option to have the unit automatically turn off after 5
minutes.
• Store the unit in a cool dry place.
• Fully charge the battery before storing the unit for extended periods of time.
• Limit backlight use. The unit consumes three times the normal power with the
backlight on. Set the backlight time option to 10 seconds, or select “Button
Control” and keep the backlight off .
Battery replacement: The lithium-ion battery used in this unit should last for many
years with normal use. When it no longer powers the unit long enough to meet testing
requirements it will need to be replaced. Lithium-ion batteries that are properly charged
and stored do not usually lose all capacity; they just have less capacity after hundreds
of charge cycles. This unit uses a custom battery assembly that is only available from
LaMotte Company. Battery replacement must be performed at a LaMotte authorized
repair facility. The water resistant housing of this meter should not be opened by the user.
Contact LaMotte Company by phone (1-800-344-3100) or email (tech@lamotte.com) for
a return authorization number.
9
TURBIDITY
WHAT IS TURBIDITY?
Turbidity is an optical property that results when light passes through a liquid sample
and is scattered by particulate matter. The scattering of light results in a change in the
direction of the light passing through the liquid. If the turbidity is low, the particles may
be invisible to the naked eye and much of the light will continue in the original direction.
As the quantity of particles increases in samples with greater turbidity, the light strikes
particles in solution and is scattered backward, sideways and forward. Light scattered by
the particles allows the particles in the solution to be ”seen” or detected just as sunlight
allows dust particles in the air to be seen. At high concentrations, turbidity is perceived as
cloudiness, haze or an absence of clarity. Turbidity is not specifi c to the types of particles in
the sample. The particles may be suspended or colloidal and can have inorganic, organic or
biological origins.
In drinking water, turbidity may indicate a treatment problem or signal conditions with an
increased risk of gastrointestinal diseases. Because pathogens such as Cryptosporidium
and Giardia cause measurable amounts of turbidity, turbidity monitoring can hold the
key to assuring adequate water fi ltration. In 1998, the EPA published the IESWTR (interim
enhanced surface water treatment rule) mandating turbidities in combined fi lter effl uent
should read at or below 0.3 NTU. By doing so, the EPA hoped to achieve a 2 log (99%)
removal of Cryptosporidium. There is presently consideration to lower this to 0.1 NTU. The
trend has been to check the calibration of on-line turbidimeters used to monitor drinking
water with hand-held fi eld units. The optical design and low detection limit of the 2020t/i
allows very accurate readings for such calibrations. Drinking water that is turbid is not
always harmful to human health but does impart an unpalatable appearance.
Turbidity in environmental waters reduces the amount of benefi cial sunlight that reaches
submerged aquatic vegetation, raises surface water temperature, buries eggs and bottom
dwelling creatures, and can carry sediment and pesticides through the water system.
HOW IS TURBIDITY MEASURED?
Turbidity is measured by detecting and quantifying the scattering of light in a solution. The
amount of light that is scattered is infl uenced by particulate properties of color, shape, size
and refl ectivity. Turbidity can be measured by various methods including visual methods
and instrumental methods. Visual methods are more suitable for samples with high
turbidity. Instrumental methods can be used for samples with turbidity at all levels.
Examples of visual methods are the Secchi Disk method and the Jackson Candle method.
The Secchi Disk method is often used in natural waters. A Secchi Disk with black and white
quadrants is lowered into the water until it can no longer be seen. It is then raised until
it can be seen again. The average of these two measurements is known as the “Secchi
Depth”. The Jackson Candle method uses a long glass calibrated tube placed over a
standardized candle. Water is added or removed from the tube until the candle fl ame
becomes indistinct. The height of the water in the tube is measured with a calibrated scale
and is reported as Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU). The lowest level of turbidity that can
accurately be determined with this method is about 25 JTU.
Instrumental methods for measuring turbidity involve a combination of detection angles
and light sources to optimize accuracy in various samples and to meet regulatory
requirements. The 2020t and 2020i turbidimeters off er the option of three calibration
curves for measuring turbidity that is based on the characteristics of the sample.
In the nephelometric mode, which is the default mode, the detector that is located
90-degrees from the light source measures the scattered light from a light beam passing
through a sample. In the 2020t, this confi guration and the tungsten lamp, with a color
temperature of 2,200–3,000 °K, meet the requirements of EPA method 180.1. The 2020i,
10
which has an IR LED light source at 860 nm, uses the 90-degree detector to meet the
requirements of the ISO 2027 Standard. The nephelometric mode is best used for meeting
regulatory requirements on samples, such as drinking water, that are in the range of 0.00
to 40.00 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) for the 2020t or 0.00 to 10.00 Formazin
Nephelometric Units (FNU) for the 2020i. A signal averaging option improves the stability
of readings on low turbidity samples.
The ratiometric mode is typically used for natural waters and storm waters, or other
samples in the 0 – 1000 NTU/FNU range, to minimize interference from color in the
sample. The ratiometric mode takes readings from both the 90-degtree detector and the
180 degree detector. Results are reported as Nephelometric Turbidity Ratio Units (NTRU,
2020t) or Formazin Nephelometric Ratio Units (FNRU, 2020i).
In the attenuation mode, the detector is located 180-degrees from the light source. It
measures the attenuation of the light beam due to absorption and scatter. This mode
is best used to measure samples with high turbidity levels in the range of 40 – 2000
Attenuation Units (AU, 2020t) or Formazin Attenuation Units (FAU, 2020i).
TURBIDITY UNITS
Traditionally, turbidimeters designed for use in the United State were made to the
specifi cations of EPA Method 180.1. This method defi ned the NTU, nephelometric turbidity
unit, as a unit that measured turbidity in the range of 0 – 40 NTU using a nephelometer.
According to the EPA a nephelometer was a turbidimeter that measures turbidity with
a 90° detector. If a sample had a turbidity that was greater than 40 NTU, a dilution was
necessary to bring the sample into the 0 – 40 NTU range. Today, many turbidimeters have
additional detectors which increase the range of the turbidity measurement, eliminate
interferences and generally improve the performance. Currently, many turbidimeters
are capable of measuring above 40 NTU by using detectors other than a 90° detector.
Even though they may use a 180° detector, which does not meet the defi nition of a
nephelometer, the results are often be reported as NTU.
Since the position of the detector and the light source is important information to include
when reporting and comparing turbidity results, there has recently been an eff ort by the
ASTM to use turbidity units which include this information. For EPA compliant meters,
measurements made with a 90° degree detector and an incandescent white light source
are reported as Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). When an attenuation measurement
is made with a 180°detector, using the same light source, the results are reported as
Attenuation Units (AU). If a ratio of the measurements from both detectors is used to
calculate the turbidity, the results are reported in Nephelometric Turbidity Ratio Units
(NTRU).
ISO Method 7027, which specifi es an 860 nm light source, reports results in four turbidity
units. When the 90° degree detector is used, the results are reported as Formazin
Nephelometric Units (FNU). With an attenuation measurement made with a 180° detector,
the results are reported as Formazin Attenuation Units (FAU). And results that are a ratio
of measurements from the two angles are reported in Formazin Nephelometric Ratio
Units (FNRU). It is also possible to report the readings from each of the three ISO modes in
Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU).
It should be noted that all units are numerically equivalent if the meters are calibrated to
formazin. The units diff erentiate which detector and light source was used to make the
measurement. For example, 1 NTU = 1 AU = 1 NTRU = 1 FNU =1 FAU = 1 FNRU.
11
Each turbidity calibration mode has a default unit:
Nephelometric Mode: NTU (2020t) or FNU (2020i)
Ratiometric Mode: NTRU (2020t) or FNRU (2020i)
Attenuation Mode: AU (2020t) or FAU (2020i)
The meter will permit the user to choose to report results in any of the other available
calibration units (NTU, FNU, AU, FAU, NTRU or FNRU) other than the default unit. It also
allows the brewing industry to check process water in the nephelometric mode and choose
to have results reported in American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC) or European
Brewery Convention (EBC) units.
Acronyms Defi nitions Notes
NTU Nephelometric
Turbidity Units
FNU Formazin
Nephelometric Units
Incandescent white light between
400 and 600 nm, 90° detection,
2020t
IR LED (usually) 860 nm, bandwidth
less than 60 nm, 90° detection,
2020i
Regulatory
Method
EPA 180.1
ISO 7027
AU Attenuation Units Incandescent white light between
FAU Formazin Attenuation
Units
NTRU Nephelometric
Turbidity Ratio Units
FNRU Formazin
Nephelometric Ratio
Units
ASBC American Society of
Brewing Chemists
EBC European Brewery
Convention
For more information see ASTM 07726-4 Standard Guide for the Use of Various Turbidimeter Technologies for the
Measurement of Turbidity in Water.
400 and 600 nm, 180° detection,
2020t
IR LED (usually) 860 nm, bandwidth
less than 60 nm, 180° detection,
2020i
Incandescent white light between
400 and 600 nm, 90° and 180°
detection, 2020t
IR LED (usually) 860 nm, bandwidth
less than 60 nm, 90° and 180°
detection, 2020i
2020t/i Not applicable
2020t/i Not applicable
Not applicable
ISO 7027
EPA 180.1
Not applicable
TAKING TURBIDITY WATER SAMPLES
Clean plastic or glass containers may be used for turbidity samples. Ideally, samples should
be tested soon after collection and at the same temperature as when collected.
12
SAMPLE DILUTION TECHNIQUES
If a test result is out of the range of the meter, as indicated by an over range message
on the display, the sample must be diluted and retested.The following table gives quick
reference guidelines for dilutions of various proportions.
Amount of Sample
10 mL 0 mL 1
5 mL 5 mL 2
2.5 mL 7.5 mL 4
1 mL 9 mL 10
0.5 mL 9.5 mL 20
Deionized Water to Bring Final
Volume to 10 mL Multiplication Factor
All dilutions are based on a fi nal volume of 10 mL, so several dilutions will require small
volumes of the water sample. Graduated pipets should be used for all dilutions. If
volumetric glassware is not available, dilutions can be made with the colorimeter tube. Fill
the tube to the 10 mL line with the sample and then transfer it to another container. Add
10 mL volumes of deionized water to the container and mix. Transfer 10 mL of the diluted
sample to the colorimeter tube and follow the test procedure. Repeat the dilution and
testing procedures until the result falls within the range of the calibration. Multiply the test
result by the dilution factor. For example, if 10 mL of the sample water is diluted with three
10 mL volumes of deionized water, the dilution factor is four. The test result of the diluted
sample should be multiplied by four.
OPTIONS & SET UP
FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS
Settings that have user options have been set at the factory to default settings.
The factory default settings are:
Turbidity Calibration Curve Nephelometric (N)
Turbidity Units Default
Turbidity Measurement Turbidity-No Blank (NB)
Averaging Disabled
Date Format MM-DD-YYYY
Power Save 5 minutes
Backlight 10 seconds
Language English
13
TURBIDITY OPTIONS
Three calibration curves are available: Nephelometric, Ratiometric and Attenuation. For
the 2020t, Nephelometric is the default calibration curve and the available units are NTU,
NTRU, ASBC and EBC. For the 2020i, Nephelometric is the default calibration curve and the
available units are FNU, NTU, FNRU, ASBC and EBC for the 2020i.
The 2020t in Nephelometric mode with the default NTU units should be used for testing
public drinking water for compliance with the EPA 180.1 rule.
Once a calibration curve and turbidity units have been selected, they will remain selected
until the calibration curve and turbidity units are changed by performing the following
procedures.
SELECTING A TURBIDITY CALIBRATION CURVE
Three calibration curves are available: Nephelometric, Ratiometric and Attenuation. The
default calibration curve is Nephelometric. The calibration curve should be chosen that
suits the type of sample being tested.
Nephelometric
Mode:
Ratiometric
Mode:
Attenuation
Mode:
Ratiometric methods typically minimize color interference.
The 2020t in Nephelometric mode with the default NTU units should be used for testing
public drinking water for compliance with the EPA 180.1 rule.
The Nephelometric mode will be used in the example. To change the calibration curve:
1. Press and briefl y hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu will
appear.
2. Press to scroll to Options.
90° Detector 0 – 100 NTU/FNU Range, for Drinking Water
90° and 180°
Detectors
180° Detector 0 – 2000 NTU/AU/FAU Range, for High
Samples
0 – 1000 NTU/NTRU/FNRU Range, for
Drinking Water, Natural Water
Samples, Storm Water Samples, and Colored
Samples
Turbidity Samples
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
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Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
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14
3. Press
ENTER
to select Options.
Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
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4. Press
Options.
ENTER
to select Turbidity
Turbidity Calibration
Turbidity Options
Turbidity Units
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5. Press
Calibration.
ENTER
to select Turbidity
Nephelometric NTU
Turbidity Calibration
Ratiometric NTRU
Attenuation AU
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6. Scroll to the desired calibration
option.
Nephelometric NTU
Turbidity Calibration
Ratiometric NTRU
Attenuation AU
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NOTE: Stablcal® standards below 50 NTU should not be used to calibrate the 2020t/i. The
diluent has a diff erent refractive index than traditional formazin standards and will aff ect
the results.
7. Press
ENTER
to save the selection.
The screen will display Storing... for
about 1 second and return to the
Options menu. Press
EXIT
to a previous menu.
to return
Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
15
SELECTING TURBIDITY UNITS
The results for each calibration curve will be reported in the default units for that
calibration curve unless diff erent units are chosen. The default unit is shown after the
calibration curve name. The default units are:
Calibration Curve Default Unit
2020t Nephelometric NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)
Ratiometric NTRU (Nephelometric Turbidity Ratio Units)
Attenuation AU (Attenuation Units)
2020i Nephelometric FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units)
Ratiometric FNRU (Formazin Nephelometric Ratio Units)
Attenuation FAU (Formazin Attenuation Units)
It is possible to choose to have the results reported in an alternative unit instead of the
default unit for each mode. When ASBC (American Society of Brewing Chemists) and EBC
(European Brewery Convention) units are desired the Nephelometric calibration curve
should be used.
For the 2020t, the available units are: NTU, NTRU, AU, ASBC, EBC
For the 2020i, the available units are: FNU, NTU, FNRU, FAU, ASBC, EBC
NTRU, AU, FNU, FNRU and FAU are numerically equivalent to NTU. The units diff erentiate
which detector and light source was used to make the measurement. See page 12 for the
defi nition of turbidity units.
1. Press and briefl y hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu will
appear.
2. Press to scroll to Options.
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
16
3. Press
ENTER
to select Options.
Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
4. Press
ENTER
to select Turbidity
Options.
5. Press to scroll to Turbidity
Units.
6. Press
ENTER
to select Turbidity Units.
7. Press or to scroll to
the desired units.
Turbidity Options
Turbidity Calibration
Turbidity Units
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Turbidity Options
Turbidity Calibration
Turbidity Units
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Set Turbidity Units
Default
NTU
ASBC
EBC
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Set Turbidity Units
Default
NTU
ASBC
EBC
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17
8. Press
ENTER
to save the selection.
The screen will display Storing... for
about 1 second and return to the
Options menu. Press
EXIT
to a previous menu.
to return
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Options Menu
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
AVERAGING
The averaging option allows the user to average multiple readings. This option will improve
the accuracy of samples with readings that may tend to drift with time. When the two, fi ve
or ten measurement option has been selected the fi nal average is displayed. The default
setting is Disabled. To change the setting:
1. Press and briefl y hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu will
appear.
2. Press to scroll to Options.
3. Press
ENTER
to select Options.
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
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Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
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Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
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4. Press to scroll to
Averaging.
Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
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5. Press
ENTER
to select Averaging.
Averaging Menu
Disabled
2 Measurements
5 Measurements
10 Measurements
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6. Press or to scroll to
the desired option.
Disabled
Averaging Menu
2 Measurements
5 Measurements
10 Measurements
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7. Press
ENTER
to save the selection.
The screen will display Storing... for
about 1 second and return to the
Options menu. Press
EXIT
to a previous menu.
to return
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Options Menu
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
NOTE: When the Averaging option is enabled, more time will be required to display a reading
and more power will be used.
SETTING THE CLOCK
1. Press and briefl y hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu will
appear.
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
19
2. Press to scroll to Options.
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
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3. Press
ENTER
to select Options. Press
to scroll to Set Clock.
4. Press
ENTER
to select Set Clock.
The date is displayed as monthday-year. The time is displayed as
hours:minutes:seconds
AM/PM. Press
or to
the appropriate character and press
ENTER
to select. The cursor will
move to the next character. Set all
characters in the same manner. This
is a scrolling menu.
5. Press
ENTER
to select the fi nal
character. The time and date will be
saved and the screen will return to
the Options Menu.
Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
Set Time
Date: 07-09-2018
Time: 02:09:08 PM
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Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
20
SETTING POWER SAVE
The power saving Auto Shutoff feature will turn the meter off when a button has not been
pushed for a set amount of time. The default setting is 5 minutes. To change the setting:
6. Press and briefl y hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu will
appear.
7. Press to scroll to Options.
8. Press
ENTER
to select Options.
9. Press to scroll to Set PWR
Save.
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
10. Press
ENTER
to select PWR Save.
Auto Shutoff
Disable
5 Minutes
15 Minutes
30 Minutes
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21
11. Press or to scroll to
desired setting.
Auto Shutoff
Disable
5 Minutes
15 Minutes
30 Minutes
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12. Press
ENTER
to save the selection.
The screen will display Storing... for
about 1 second and return to the
Options Menu.
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Options Menu
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
SETTING THE BACKLIGHT TIME
The backlight illuminates the display for enhanced viewing. If Button Control is chosen the
backlight button on the key pad will act as an on/off switch and the backlight will remain on
or off when the meter is being used. When one of the other settings – 10, 20 or 30 seconds
– is chosen, the display will be illuminated for the specifi ed amount of time after any button
is pressed. As a precaution, the backlight will not illuminate during turbidity measurements
to avoid interference from stray light.
NOTE: The backlight feature uses a signifi cant amount of power. The longer the backlight is
on, the more frequently the battery will have to be charged if the USB/Wall Charger is not
being used.
1. Press and briefl y hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu will
appear.
Measure
Data Logging
Options
Main Menu
2. Press to scroll to Options.
12:00:00 001/500
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
22
3. Press
ENTER
to select Options.
Options Menu
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
Set Backlight Time
12:00:00 001/500
4. Press to scroll to Set
Backlight Time.
5. Press
ENTER
to select Set Backlight
Time.
6. Press or to scroll to
desired setting.
Options Menu
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
Set Backlight Time
12:00:00 001/500
Backlight Time
Button Control
10 Seconds
20 Seconds
30 Seconds
12:00:00 001/500
Backlight Time
Button Control
10 Seconds
20 Seconds
30 Seconds
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7. Press
ENTER
to save the selection.
The screen will display Storing... for
about 1 second and return to the
Options Menu.
Options Menu
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
Set Backlight Time
12:00:00 001/500
23
SELECTING A LANGUAGE
There are seven languages available in the 2020t/i: English, Spanish, French, Portuguese,
Italian, Chinese, and Japanese (Kana).
1. Press and briefl y hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu will
appear.
2. Press to scroll to Options.
3. Press
ENTER
to select Options.
4. Press to scroll to Select
Language.
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
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Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
Options Menu
Turbidity Options
Averaging
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
12:00:00 001/500
Options Menu
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
Set Backlight Time
Select Language
12:00:00 001/500
5. Press
Language.
ENTER
to select to Select
Select Language
English
Spanish
French
Portuguese
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24
6. Press or to scroll to
desired language.
Select Language
English
Spanish
French
Portuguese
12:00:00 001/500
7. Press
ENTER
to select desired
language. The screen will
momentarily display, Storing...for
about 1 second and return to the
Options Menu.
Set Clock
Set PWR Save
Set Backlight Time
Options Menu
Select Language
12:00:00 001/500
NOTE: If the meter unintentionally switches to another language, use the procedure above
to reset the meter to the desired language. For example, to reset the meter to English:
1. Turn the meter on.
2. Press down arrow twice. Press
3. Press down arrow six times. Press
4. Press
ENTER
.
ENTER
.
ENTER
.
PC LINK
Run PC Link is used in the manufacturing of the meter. This menu is not for use by the
operator in the fi eld.
DATA LOGGING
The default setting for the data logger is enabled. The meter will log the last 500 data
points. The counter in the center bottom of the display will show how many data points
have been logged. The display will show 500+ when the data logger has exceeded 500
points and the data points are being overwritten.
1. Press and briefl y hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu will
appear.
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
25
2. Press to scroll to Data
Logging.
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
3. Press
4. Press
ENTER
to select Data Logging.
ENTER
to display the last data
point and the time that it was logged.
5. Press or to scroll
through the data points in the log.
6. Press
EXIT
menu. Press
to return to the Logging
or to
scroll to disable the logging options or
erase the log. Press
ENTER
to select
the option. The screen will display
Storing... for about 1 second and
return to the Logging Menu.
Logging
Display Test Log
Enable Logging
Disable Logging
Erase Log
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Record Number 2
Turbidity - WB (N)
655 AU
12:26:58 PM 08-03-2018
12:00:00 001/500
Record Number 1
Turbidity - WB (R)
95.4 NTU
12:26:44 PM 08-03-2018
12:00:00 001/500
Logging
Display Test Log
Enable Logging
Disable Logging
Erase Log
12:00:00 001/500
26
CALIBRATION & ANALYSIS
CALIBRATION
Turbidity Standards
Only use AMCO or formazin standards with the 2020t/i. StablCal® standards below 50 NTU
should not be used to calibrate the 2020t/i .The diluent used in the StablCal
has a diff erent refractive index than traditional formazin standards and will aff ect the
results. The concentration of the calibration standard should be similar to the expected
concentrations of samples that will be tested. The standard should never be poured from
the tube back into the bottle. The standards will not have the same turbidity value in all
three modes.
The following standards are available from LaMotte Company:
Mode Units Nephelometric (N) Nephelometric (N) Ratiometric (R) Ratiometric (R)
Meter
Code 1480 0 NTU 0 FNU 0 NTRU 0 FNRU
Code 1441 1 NTU - 1 NTRU Code 1446 - 1 FNU - 1 FNRU
Code 1442 10 NTU - 10 NTRU
Code 1447 - 10 FNU - 10 FNRU
Code 1444 - 100 FNU - 100 FNRU
Standards may vary slightly from lot to lot for the ratiometric mode. Standard values for
the nephelometric mode and ratiometric mode are located on the standard bottle label.
Use the value on the turbidity standard bottle label as the target value when calibrating
the meter in the nephelometric mode and the ratiometric mode. Standards for calibration
in the attenuation mode should be prepared from Formazin.
2020t 2020i 2020t 2020i
Tubes
Use turbidity tubes (0260) that are free of scratches and imperfections in the light zone
between the bottom of the tube and the fi ll line. Discard scratched tubes. When reading
very low turbidity samples, do not use tubes or caps that have been used previously with
high turbidity samples. See page 38 for additional information.
Turbidity Calibration Procedure
The default calibration curve is nephelometric as indicated by (N) in the Menu bar. The
default units are NTU (2020t) and FNU (2020i). Other calibration curve options are
ratiometric and attenuation. The ratiometric calibration curve is indicated by (R) and the
attenuation calibration curve is indicated by (A). A user calibration should be performed for
each mode with standards that are appropriate for the meter and range.
For the most accurate results, a user calibration should be performed over the smallest
range possible. Use a calibration standard that, along with the blank, brackets the range
of the samples that will be tested. For example, if the samples that are to be tested are
expected to be below 1 NTU, more accurate results will be obtained by calibration with a
blank and a 1 NTU standard as opposed to a blank and a 10 NTU standard.
The number of measuring ranges for each mode varies.
®
standards
CALIBRATION
27
Mode Nephelometric (N) Ratiometric (R) Attenuation (A)
Ranges 0-11 NTU/FNU
10-110 NTU/FNU
0-11 NTRU/FNRU
10-110 NTRU/FNRU
100-510 NTRU/FNRU
500-1000 NTRU/FNRU
0-1010 AU/FAU
1000-2000 AU/FAU
Each range can be calibrated with one point per range plus a blank. New calibration points
will replace old calibration points independently for each range. If one range is recalibrated,
CALIBRATION
the meter will retain the old calibration data for the other ranges. It is recommended that
the meter be calibrated for each range that will be used. The value of the standards chosen
for the calibration should not be at the extremes of the ranges. The meter is auto-ranging
and will automatically select the appropriate range for the sample being tested.
It is recommended that the meter be calibrated daily.
A 2020t in the nephelometric mode with NTU standards will be used in the following
examples.
1. Press and briefl y hold to
turn the meter on. The LaMotte
logo screen will appear for about
3 seconds and the Main Menu will
appear.
2. Press
ENTER
to select Measure.
3. Press to scroll to Turbidity -
With Blank.
4. Press
ENTER
to select Turbidity -
With Blank.
Main Menu
Measure
Data Logging
Options
12:00:00 001/500
Measure Menu (N)
Turbidity - No Blank
Turbidity - With Blank
12:00:00 001/500
Measure Menu (N)
Turbidity - No Blank
Turbidity - With Blank
12:00:00 001/500
Turbidity WB (N)
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
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28
5. Rinse a clean tube (0260) three
times with the blank. If samples are
expected to read below 1 NTU the
meter should be blanked with a 0
NTU Primary Standard or prepared
turbidity-free (<0.1 NTU) water. For
the most accurate results, use the
same tube for the blank and the
sample.
6. Fill the tube to the fi ll line with the
blank. Pour the blank down the inside
of the tube to avoid creating bubbles.
Cap the tube.
7. Wipe the tube thoroughly with a lintfree cloth.
8. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube
into the chamber. Align the index line
on the tube with the index arrow on
the meter. Close the lid.
CALIBRATION
9. Press
ENTER
to select Scan Blank
and scan the blank. The screen
will display Blank Done for about
1 second and then return to the
Turbidity - With Blank Menu.
10. Rinse a clean tube (0260), or the
same tube, three times with the
turbidity standard.
Turbidity WB (N)
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
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29
11. Fill the tube to the fi ll line with the
turbidity standard. Pour the standard
down the inside of the tube to avoid
creating bubbles. Cap the tube.
CALIBRATION
12. Wipe the tube thoroughly with a lintfree cloth.
13. Open the meter lid. Insert the tube
into the chamber. Align the index line
on the tube with the index arrow on
the meter. Close the lid.
14. Press
15. Press to scroll to Calibrate.
ENTER
and scan the standard. The screen
will display Reading for about 1
second. The result will appear on the
screen.
“Overrange” will be displayed if
the reading is out of range. Dilute
the sample or select a mode that
is appropriate for the range of the
sample.
to select Scan Sample
Turbidity WB (N)
0.99 NTU
Scan Blank
Scan Sample
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Turbidity WB
0.99 NTU
Scan Sample
Calibrate
12:00:00 001/500
30
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