INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Laboratory Equipment Pty Ltd
email: sales@labec.com.au
Ph: 02 9560 2 811 • Fax: 02 9560 61 3 1
www.labec.com.au
2014
Operation Manual for
Milk Collecting Center
MIA-CC
PLEASE READ THIS MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE OPERATION
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Switching Adapter
• Input: 100 - 240 V ~1.6 A max.
50-60 Hz
• Output: +12 V
4.17А min.
• Output power: 50 - 65 W
Measurement modes
• cow milk
• sheep milk
• UHT milk
• goat milk
• buffalo milk
• cream
• whey
• recovered milk
• other /pasteurized milk/
CAUTION!
Keep the switching adapter dry!
Please, read and follow strictly all the instructions in the manual.
Due to continuous improvement in milk analyser, information contained in this
manual is subject to change without notice. Contact producer for revisions
and corrections
Ultrasonic milk analyser
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read this manual carefully and make sure that you understand all the
instructions.
2. For safety purposes the device is equipped with grounded power
cable. If there is no grounded electrical outlet where the device will
be used, please, install such before using the device.
3. Place the device on leveled and stable plate. In case it falls or is
severely shocked it may be damaged.
4. Connect to the electrical network in such a way that the power cable
to stay away from the side for accessing the device and not to be
stepped on.
5. Every time before cleaning the device switch it off and unplug it from
the electrical outlet. The device has to remain unplugged till the
cleaning completion.
6. Do not disassemble the unit in order to avoid possible electrical
shock. In case of malfunction contact your local dealer.
7. Handle the liquids the device works with carefully, following all the
instructions for their preparation.
8. Place the switching adaptor in such a way as to be protected from
overflow and spillage of liquids.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
PARTS AND ACCESSORIES
In the table below the standard delivery configuration of the milk analyser is
listed:
№ Description
Item № pcs
1. Ultrasonic milk analyzer LSMCC001 1
1 sample measurement time
90 sec.
60 sec
30 sec
2. Operation manual LSMCC002 1
3. Plastic sample holder LSMCC003 2
4. Spare Pipes LSMCC004 2
5. 12 V DC Power Supply Cable LSMCC005 1
6. Alkaline cleaning solution Lactodaily 100 g 1
7. Acidic cleaning solution Lactoweekly 100 g 1
In the table below the milk analyser spares and accessories, which are
delivered on customers’ request are listed:
№ Description
a) included in the set:
Item № pcs
/
b) not included in the set (may be
additionally bought):
8. RS232 Interface Cable - Analyser-IBM PC LSMCC006
9. Service Pack - CD LSMCC007
10. pH measuring system LSMCC009 1
11. pH probe with cable and holder LSMCC010 1
12. Buffer solution Ph 60 ml
LSMCC011 1
(pH7.00±0.01/20˚C)
13. Buffer solution pH 60 ml
LSMCC012 1
(pH4.00±0.01/20˚C)
14. Milk conductivity measuring system LSMCC013 1
15. Buffer solution conductivity 50 ml (5.02
LSMCC014 1
(±5%) mS/cm (18±0.1˚C)
16. Real time clock LSMCC015 1
17. High-fat measuring function LSMCC016 1
18. ECS POS Serial Printer LSMCC017 1
19. 12 V Serial Printer Power Supply Cable LSMCC018 1
Ultrasonic milk analyser
20. RS232 Interface Cable - Milk Analyser –
LSMCC019 1
Serial Printer
21. Power supply from embedded accumulator
LSMCC021 1
with charger
22. Weighting scales - function LSMCC022 1
23. Weighting scales platform LSMCC023 1
1
1
24. Plug type
Ultrasonic milk analyser
FUNCTION
The function of the milk analyser is to make quick analyses of milk on
fat (FAT), non-fat solids (SNF), proteins, lactose and water content
percentages, temperature (
well as density of one and the same sample directly after milking, at
collecting and during processing.
o
С), pH, freezing point, salts, conductivity as
Ultrasonic milk analyser
2. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
2.1. Working modes characteristics:
The program of the milk analyser has four working modes.
2.1.1. Measurement mode milk / dairy product – first type
2.1.2. Measurement mode milk / dairy product – second type
2.1.3. Measurement mode milk / dairy product – third type
These modes have been calibrated on customers’ request for 3 milk types
from the following: cow, sheep, UHT, buffalo, goat, camel milk, cream, ice
cream mixtures, whey, recovered milk, etc. before leaving the production
facilities and the text on the display will be for the corresponding types, as is
indicated on the page with measurement modes.
2.1.4. Cleaning
2.1.4.1. Current
2.1.4.2. Final
Ultrasonic milk analyser
2.2. Measuring range:
Fat ………………..................... …………..from 0.01% to 25% (45%*)
SNF ……………………………… ...…………………....from 3% to 40%
3
Density ** ………………………. ……...…….from 1000 to 1160 kg/m
Proteins …………………………. ……………………..from 2% to 15 %
Lactose ………………………... …………………from 0.01 % to 20 %
Water content ………………… ……………...……..from 0 % to 70 %
o
Temperature of milk …………… from 5
C to 40oC (if measurement is
30 sec, then t° is from 15 to 40°)
Freezing point ****……………… …………..from – 0,400 to – 0,700
o
C
Salts ……………………………. …...…………...………from 0,4 to 4%
PH***……………………………... …………………..………from 0 to 14
Conductivity** ………………… ……………...…from 2 to 14 [mS/cm]
* Option, on customers’ request
** Density data are shown in an abbreviated form. For example 27.3 have to
3
be understood as 1027.3 kg/m
. To determine the milk density, write down
the result from the display and add 1000.
Example: result 21,20; density = 1000 + 31,20 = 1031,2 kg/m
3
The abbreviated form of the density is used also when entering data for
samples in working mode Recalibrate, for example:
If the measured sample density is 1034.5 kg/m3, then in the menu for
entering the samples parameters used for calibration, across the parameter
Den = , you have to enter 34.5.
*** pH and conductivity measurements are optional and are embedded in the
device on customers' request.
**** Please, carefully read Appendix Freezing Point.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
2.3. Accuracy:
Fat …..………………………………..
SNF …………………………………..
Density ………………………………
Proteins ……………………………...
Lactose ………………………………
Water content ……………………….
Temperature of milk ………………..
Freezing point………………………..
Salts ………………………………...
…...………………….…...± 0.06%
…………...………….…...± 0.15%
………………………..± 0.3 kg/m
……...……………….…...± 0.15%
.…………………………...± 0.20%
.…………………………….± 3.0%
.………………………………± 1
o
..……...…………………± 0.005
…..…………...…………...± 0.05%
PH** …………………………………. ………………………………±0.05
Conductivity** ………………………. ……………………..±0.05[mS/cm]
2.4 Correct ambient conditions:
Accuracy is guaranteed in case of normal ambient conditions:
o
Air temperature………………………… ….…from 10
C to 40oC (43 oC)
Relative humidity ……………………… ……………....from 30% to 80%
Power supply ………………………… …………………....220V (110V)
o
3
C
C
extent of contamination at normal environmental conditions…………..2
Accuracy values in point 2.3 are in dependence on the correctness of the
corresponding chemical method, used for component content determination.
In point 2.3. are used the following reference methods: Gerber – for fat,
gravimetric – for SNF, Kjeldahl – for protein. The boundary for maximum
variation of repeatability when the power supply voltage is from +10 to – 15%
from the nominal voltage values (220V) have to be no more than 0.8
accuracy according point 2.3. The analyser is used in conditions free of outer
electrical and magnetic fields (except the magnetic field of the Earth) and
vibrations.
2.5. Dimensions:
………………………….290/300/330 mm, mass 5,0 kg
2.6. Continuous working time:
………….………………………….…...……....non-stop
2.7 Milk sample volume per one measurement:
………………………………..………..15 cm
3
(= 25 ml)
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Fig.1 Front panel
1. Keyboard 8. pH probe holder
2. Printer 9. Input pipe
3, 5, 6 Buttons Up, Enter, Down 10. milk sample holder
4. Display 11. Waste liquid pipe
7. рН probe 12. ss grid
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Fig.2 Back panel
1. Power switch 8. Com Port 2
2. AC adaptor input 9. Com Port 1
3. DC Power Supply output 10. Connector for the cleaning solution
4. Parallel printer connector 11. Plastic pipe
5. pH probe input (option) 12. Metal pipe
6. Weigh Scale input (option) 13. Switching adapter
7. pH probe
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Fig 3 Principle working scheme
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Fig. 4 Connecting peripheral devices
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Fig. 5 Cable Description
Art. Number 30011
RS232 Interface Cable - Milk Analyser – Serial Printer
Art. Number 30012
RS232 Interface Cable - Milk Analyser – IBM PC
2. TxD
3. RxD
5. GND
Milk
Analyser
DB 9-pin
male
DB 9-pin
PC
female
2. Receive Data
(RxD)
3. Transmit Data
(TxD)
5. Signal Ground
(GND)
Art. Number 10128
Probe pH with cable
Art. Number 30030
DC 12V Power Supply Milk Analyser Cable
1. GND
2. No connection
3. No connection
4. 12V DC
The analyzer has an option – embedded USB interface for connection
with computer type IBM PC. It is suitable for connecting laptop computers,
where there’s no standard interface RS 232 (COM Ports). USB interface is
based on elements from company Future Technology Devices International
Ltd. – site: http://www.ftdichip.com. In order to establish connection using this
interface the necessary drivers have to be installed on the corresponding
computer. For this purpose follow the procedure, described in details on the
producer’s Internet site http://www.ftdichip.com/Drivers/VCP.htm, choose the
appropriate for the operation system of the computer drivers. After installation
of the driver, choose СОМ port, which to be used for the real communication
(chosen from the corresponding software tool from LS Service Pack).
Ultrasonic milk analyser
3. QUALIFICATION OF RAW MILK, THERMALLY TREATED
MILK, OTHER DAIRY PRODUCTS AND DERIVATIVES
3.1. Taking samples and preparation for analyses
In order to receive reliable results in qualification of milk, dairy products and
derivatives are needed: precise samples taking; correct samples storing (in
need to be preserved); correct preparation before making measurement. The
rules and requirements for this are described in details in Appendix Milk
sampling.
3.2. Making the measurement.
3.2.1. Preparing the analyser for working mode
3.2.1.1. Put the analyser on the working place, providing good ventilation and
not in the vicinity of heat providing devices or sources. The temperature in the
premises has to be in the boundaries 10-40
3.2.1.2. Check if the power switch is in "0" position and that the outlet voltage
complies with the voltage indicated on the switching adapter of the analyzer.
3.2.1.3. Switch on the “POWER” button, which starts the identification
procedure. For a short time the display shows the number of the software
versions, for example:
Milk analyser xxx
LCD vers xx
MA vers yy
MA ser. N. xxxx
Where:
Milk analyser xxx - is the time for measurement.
LCD vers XX - is display control software version.
MA vers YY - is the motherboard software version.
MA ser. N. xxxx - is the serial number .
o
C.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
If in the process of exploitation there is a need to ask a question the
company-producer, you have to send the data, written on the display during
the above described initialization procedure.
3.2.1.4.Till the analyser is prepared for work (at about 5 minutes) the
following message is written on the display: “Getting ready”. Above pointed
time is in dependence of the environmental temperature and increases with
decreasing the temperature.
3.2.1.5. When the device is ready for work, a beep is heard and the display
shows: “Ready to start”. The analyser is ready to make analyses in mode 1
(normally Cow)
3.2.1.6. If you want to pass to another mode press the button Enter and hold
it pressed. The following message appears on the display:
Release button to
start menu
Release the button Enter. The display shows the possible working modes:
Milk selector
Cal1 – Cow
Cal2 – Sheep
Cal3 – UHT
-----------------------------Cleaning
Final clean
Using “up”▲and”down”▼buttons choose the working mode and press Enter
in order to start it.
3.2.2. Making analyses
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Make sure the analyser is still during measurement. Vibrations may lead to
inaccurate results.
To start measurement:
- pour the preliminary prepared sample in the sample holder (now you may
use holders with different size - plastic and glass 100 ml);
Fig.6 Input pipe
The input pipe of the analyser is knee-joint (mobile). Move it
forward in order to be possible to dip its end in the milk
sample and place the sample holder in the recess of the
analyser.
- press the button Enter.
The analyser sucks the milk, makes the measurement and
used milk sample is poured through the holes of the grid
below the input pipe of the analyser and enters the vessel for
collecting waste liquids (see Fig. 3 Principle working scheme
of the analyser). During the measurement the temperature of the sample is
shown on the display.
Ignore the results received immediately after switching on the analyser and
after measuring distilled water. Make a second measurement with new
portion of the same sample.
3.2.3. Displaying the results
3.2.3.1. When the measurement is finished, the sample returns in the
sample-holder and the display shows the results. For example:
Results:
F=ff.ff S=ss.ss
D=dd.dd P=pp.pp
L=ll.ll W=ww.ww
Where:
F= ff.ff - measured FAT in percentage;
S= ss.ss - measured SNF in percentage;
D= dd.dd - measured density in percentage;
P= pp.pp - measured protein in percentage;
L= ll.ll - measured lactose in percentage;
W= ww.ww - measured sample’s added water in percentage;
Ultrasonic milk analyser
By pressing the button” Down” ▼ the display shows the second page,
containing the results:
Page 2 Results:
T=tt.tC pH=pp.pp
FP=-0.fff sol=0.sss
Where:
tt.tC - sample’s temperature;
pp.pp - sample’s pH result – if there is a pH probe connected;
-0.fff - measured sample’s freezing point;
0.sss - measured salts values;
By pressing the button”Up” ▲ display shows the third page with results:
Page 3 Results:
L=l.ll
Where:
L= ll.ll - measured Lactose in %;
By pressing the buttons “up”▲ and”down”▼, the operator has the possibility
to pass from one page result to another.
If the device has an embedded option “Conductivity” and "conductivity
measurement" started, the result is shown on the display, showing the basic
results replacing lactose results in the following way:
C=xx.xx
In this case the Lactose result is shown on a new page - Page 3 Results.
xx.xx is the measured milk sample’s conductivity in [mS/cm]. If the results are
outside the limits for this type of sample (see table from the Appendix
Conductivity measurement), the cursor flashes after the letter С, reminding
that the sample is not correct. On the printout it is printed as !!!.
If the conductivity value is outside measuring range (2-14 mS/cm), the
following message appears on the display:
C=OutRg (Out of Range), and on the printout there isn’t any line with
conductivity value.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
3.2.3.2. Write down the results in the form. The results remain on the display
till a new measurement is started. If the analyser is connected to a computer,
it automatically sends the data to the computer and/or prints them.
Fig. 7 Printing the results
For more information for the printer see 8.2. Working with Printer.
SCHEME:
PRINTOUT OF THE RESULTS-EXAMPLE
Time: xx:xx:xx
Date: xx:xx:xxxx
Milk analyser 60 SN: xxxxx
Calibration 1 – UHT
Results:
Temp.Sample………………..˚C
Fat………………………..xx.xx%
SNF………………………xx.xx%
Density…………………….xx.xx
Protein…………………...xx.xx%
Lactose…………………..xx.xx%
Added water…………….xx.xx%
pH……………………………..xx
Salts…………………….xx.xx%
Freezing point…………-x.xxx˚C
Deliverer No……………….xxxx
Liters…………………………xx.x
Conduct.(mS/sm)…………..xx.xx
Ultrasonic milk analyser
4. CLEANING THE ANALYSER
This procedure prevents gathering milk fat residues and milk stone on the
sensor. The milk stone consists of milk solids, calcium, iron, sulphates,
magnesium, etc. All these substances form layer on the pipe and sensor’s
walls, which leads to deviations in the measurement results and blocking up
the piping.
The company-producer recommends usage of the chemicals, supplied with
the analyser – alkaline and acidic (Lactodaily and Lactoweekly). You may
order them separately or together with the analyser. Try to use only these
chemicals for cleaning the analyser.
In case you missed to order these chemicals the alternative is to use alkaline
and acidic cleaning solutions for dairy, produced by one the companies,
supplying such chemicals:
http://www.johnsondiversey.com/Cultures/en-GB/OpCo/Your+Business/Dairies.htm
http://www.ecolab.com/SolutionGuide3.asp?name=1345&PS_GRP_CD=FDBV&BUS_NM
http://www.calvatis.com/documents/products/produkte_farm_melkhygiene.pdf
4.1. Automatic cleaning the analyser
Analyser's contamination as a result of the irregular cleaning is the basic
reason for inexactness during measurement. In order to be avoid this, in the
milk analysers with peristaltic pump is embedded automatic cleaning. For this
purpose the analyser has to be prepared on the following way:
The reservoir with the cleaning solution have to be connected towards the
analyser and outgoing pipe towards reservoir for collecting the measured
samples and used cleaning solution, as is shown on Fig.2.
Pay attention to the pipes in both reservoirs. The pipe in the reservoir with the
cleaning solution has to be well dipped in the cleaning solution while the pipe
in the reservoir with the already used samples and cleaning solution MUST
NOT be dipped in the liquid.
Pay attention to the level of the cleaning solution in the reservoir. Add
solution when the level is below 2/3!
Description of the cleaning procedures:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
There are two ways of cleaning the analyser embedded in it – current and
end (final) cleaning.
4.1.1. Current cleaning.
4.1.1.1. Automatic start
The current cleaning is made with alkaline solution (for working solution
preparation see 4.2.1.), with which the reservoir for the cleaning solution is
filled in.
It is automatically started, without operator's interference after the set time
intevals elapse
1. 55 min. after switching on the power supply of the analyser,
but idle work;
2. 15 min. after the last measurement of real milk sample.
After cleaning a new measurement is started in the above described
intervals.
The display shows the following message and a sound signal is emitted:
Auto clean
started!
Put empty glass
After this the cleaning is started. The display shows:
Cleaning
Please wait
If there is a glass with sample it is completely emptied and then the analyser
automatically fulfills procedure for sucking the cleaning solution and c rinsing
the analyser's inner system. In order the input metal pipe to be cleaned out
for a short time a cleaning solution is pumped out for a short time in the
already empty glass or in case there is no empty glass there – in the funnel
for the waste liquids. It is filled to the middle and then is sucked back and
poured in the reservoir with the used liquids. In case that you are sure that
you’ll not use the analyser for a longer period, but it will be connected to the
power supply and switched on, which means that the process of automatic
clean will be active, do not leave sample holder in the recess of the analyser,
in order not to be overfilled during cleaning from the output pipe. Then the
cleaning solution will be directly poured in the funnel for waste liquids.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
After the cleaning is finished the displays shows the following:
End of cleaning
After 2 seconds the display shows:
Analyser ready
Then the analyser is ready for normal measurement.
4.1.1.2. Manual start
The current cleaning may be completed by manual start of the menu
Cleaning. It is used before starting the menu Final Clean. It serves for
cleaning the fats from the measuring tract with alkaline cleaning solution with
which the canister is filled in. It is started using the menu for choosing the
working mode of the analyser. After the measurement is completes, by
continuous pressing the button Enter, the possible analyser operation modes
are shown on the display.
Cow
Sheep
UHT
Cleaning
Final Clean
By choosing Cleaning the current cleaning is started. The display shows the
following:
Auto clean
started!
Put empty glass
In this way the current cleaning is started. The procedure and operator’s
actions are described above.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Do not switch off the device at the end of the working day before the
automatic cleaning procedure is completed. If it is not automatically cleaned
and there is not a possibility to wait starting the automatic cleaning, then start
manually the cleaning procedure with alkaline cleaning solution and if it is
necessary with acidic cleaning solution as it is described below.
4.1.2. End (final) cleaning.
4.1.2.1. Final cleaning .
It is done with acidic cleaning detergent (for working solution preparation see
4.2.2.). It is done daily. Serves for cleaning the protein deposits from the
measuring system of the analyser, which were not removed during work with
the alkaline cleaning solution and removing milk stone layers.
Do not use chemicals, which are not intended for milking equipment and
vessels in dairy industry. Pay particular attention to the acidic cleaning
solution concentration. The higher concentration may damage the measuring
sensor.
Always before the final acidic cleaning rinse the device with alkaline cleaning
solution by manual starting if it was not already automatically cleaned. It is
necessary to be done in order to remove the milk residues which could react
with the acidic cleaning solution.
Do not forget to rinse with clean water!
It is started using the working modes menu. After the measurement is
completed, by pressing and holding pressed the button Enter, the display
shows the possible working modes of the analyser.
Cow
Sheep
UHT
Cleaning
Final Clean
Ultrasonic milk analyser
1. Choose Final Clean. After choosing the final cleaning, the following
message appears on the display:
Put filled with
Water glass
and press Enter
to Continue
2. Put a glass filled with water and press the button Enter in order to continue
the procedure. Then the following message appears on the display:
Cleaning
Please wait
Do not miss to clean with water because the residues from the alkaline
cleaning solution could react with the acidic solution, which will lead to gas
and sediment formation.
After rinsing with water, the display shows the following:
Put filled with
Detergent glass
and press Enter
to Continue
3. Pour warm alkaline solution in the glass and press the button Enter, in
order to continue the cleaning.
Then the following message appears on the display:
Cleaning
Please wait
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Follow repeatedly sucking/pouring out the cleaning solution and heating it up.
After the cleaning is finished, the cleaning solution is emitted in the reservoir
with the waste liquids.
For maximum cleaning effect it is recommended the cleaning solution to be
preliminary heated up to 40-50 degrees centigrade.
Follows rinsing with water:
4. Put a glass with water for rinsing the device.
Put filled with
Water glass
and press Enter
to Continue
After rinsing the display shows the following:
End of cleaning
After 2 seconds the following appears on the display:
Analyser ready
After this the analyser is ready for normal measurement or to be switched off
from the power supply.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
4.2. Preparation of cleaning solution
4.2.1. Preparation of alkaline cleaning solution
Preparation of 1 % alkaline solution of Lactodaily for circulation cleaning in
the milk analyser:
1. Take the package 100 g concentrated powder chemical Lactodaily
2. Carefully cut the upper end, paying attention not to spill it.
3. In appropriate vessel (for example bucket) pour 1 l water.
4. Add the powder and then again water up to 10 l.
Then follow the instruction for milk analyser cleaning.
4.2.2. Preparation of acidic cleaning solution
Preparation of 1 % acidic solution of Lactoweekly for circulation cleaning in
the milk analyser:
1. Take the package 100 g concentrated powder chemical Lactoweekly
2. Carefully cut the upper end, paying attention not to spill it.
3. In appropriate vessel (for example bucket) pour 1 l water.
4. Add the powder and then again water up to 10 l.
Then follow the instruction for milk analyser cleaning.
For final cleaning with the syringe it is recommended to use 1% acidic
solution of Lactoweekly, preliminary heated up to 70 ˚C.
Fig. 8 Labels for acidic cleaning chemical Lactoweekly and alkaline
cleaning chemical Lactodaily
Ultrasonic milk analyser
4.3. Working with the peristaltic pumps
There are 2 peristaltic pumps inside the examiner – 1 for the sample and 1
for the cleaning.
Fig. 9 Peristaltic pumps
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Fig. 10 Peristaltic pump LS16
Ultrasonic milk analyser
5. POSSIBLE MALFUNCTIONS AND ERROR MESSAGES,
TROUBLESHOOTING
In the table below are described the possible malfunctions during the milk
analyser’s exploitation and ways for their repair/remedy. If the problem
persists after all recommended measures are taken, please, connect the
nearest service center.
Error
message
MA
overheated
Accompanied
by a
continuous
sound signal
Empty
Camera
Sample
Overheat
Possible
problem /cause
Overheated milk
analyser
Insufficient
quantity of the
milk sample
sucked in the
system or air in
the sample
Sucked
overheated
sample
Repair/remedy
Immediately switch off the analyser.
Pay attention the analyser to be situated away from
direct sunlight or heating devices.
Wait 5-10 minutes the device to cool down or to be
normalized the ambient temperature and switch it on
again.
The analyser is ready to measure the next sample.
In order to avoid the future appearance of the same
error message, please, check the following:
- The sample is prepared according the
instructions and there aren’t air bubbles in it.
- There is a real suction of the sample after
starting measurement, i.e. it is obvious that the
level of the milk sample in the sample holder
decreases. In other case – there is damage in
the suction system.
- Avoid the end of the suction pipe to be above
the surface of the liquid (not dipped enough).
- Avoid curdling of the milk sample. Clean
immediately if there is a sample curdled in the
system.
- In mode Measurement, after starting the
measurement, remove the sample holder and
see if there is no milk poured back in the
sample holder.
The analyser is ready to measure the next sample.
In order to avoid the future appearance of the same
error message, please, check the following:
-The sample is prepared according the instructions
and its temperature does not exceed the maximum
permissible sample’s temperature.
-Complete the procedure for checking the analyser
in case of error message Empty Camera.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
6. MAKING CORRECTIONS AND RECALLIBRATION OF THE
DEVICE
At least once monthly check the correctness of the results and need of
corrections and calibration.
In the process of work with the analyser there is a possibility the results to
start differing between the data for some of the measuring parameters when
measured with the milk analyser and the corresponding reference method of
analyses (Gerber for fat, Kjeldhal for proteins etc). In order to establish the
possible discrepancy and to correct the readings of the milk analyser do the
following:
6.1. Taking samples and preparation of samples for checking the
accuracy of the milk analyser, making corrections and recalibration
This is a basic moment for the correct checking the accuracy of the analyser
and for making correct and precise correction and calibration. It is
accomplished according Appendix Taking and preparation of samples for
checking correctness of the milk analyser, making corrections and
recalibration.
6.2. Determination the type of the discrepancy:
6.2.1. Making measurements
Make measurements with different samples (not less than 3) with known
values of a separate parameter (for example fat content), determined by the
known reference methods of analyses (for example Gerber's method for
determination of fat content). For more accuracy it is recommended among
these samples to be also such with values, close to the lowest and highest
bounds for the measured parameters.
Make 5-time measurement for each of the samples. Calculate the average
value for each sample parameter, without taking into consideration the first
measurement for each sample.
6.2.2. Analyzing the measurement results
Make comparison between the values of the parameter from the reference
sample and measured with the analyser. Make analyses of the difference
received.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
6.2.2.1. If the received differences are relatively constant value for samples
with different content of the analyzed parameter, it is necessary to make
correction.
For example
М% of the reference samples: 2,20 3,00 3,80 4,60 5,20
М% average when measuring
with the analyser: 2,38
3,17 4,01 4,79 5,42
Difference: 0,18 0,17 0,21 0,19 0,22
Conclusion: the difference is relatively constant value and correction is
possible to be done with – 0,2 % (see Corrections, p. 6.3.3)
6.2.2.2. If the differences are not a constant value it is necessary recalibration
to be done.
For example.
М% of the reference samples: 2,20 3,00 3,80 4,60 5,20
М% when measured with the
analyser: 2,02
2,93 3,76 4,75 5,44
Difference: -0,18 -0,07 -0,04 0,15 0,24
Conclusion: It is obvious that the difference is variable value and
recalibration has to be done (See Recalibration, p.6.4).
6.3. Making corrections
6.3.1. Possible corrections, limits and changing steps
Every parameter from each calibration may be separately corrected. Below is
the table with possible corrections, limits and changing steps:
Parameter Increasing Decreasing Step
FAT 0.95% 0.95% 0.01%
SNF 4.75% 4.75% 0.05%
Density 4.75% 4.75% 0.05%
Lactose 0.95% 0.95% 0.01%
Salts 0.95% 0.95% 0.01%
Proteins 0.95% 0.95% 0.01%
Added water 9.00% 9.00% 1.00%
Sample’s temperature 9.90oС 9.90oС 0.1oС
6.3.2. Preparing the analyser for mode Corrections
Ultrasonic milk analyser
6.3.2.1. Press the button Enter and without releasing it switch on the power
supply of the device, wait for the starting identification messages and release
the button after the following message appears on the display:
Release button
to start setup
After releasing the button on the display is shown:
MA Setup
followed by possible to be entered by the operator menus:
Special modes
Corrections
Settings
-----------------------------Tests
pH & Co Meter
Accessories
Exit
6.3.2.2. By using buttons “up” ▲ and “down” ▼position on Corrections and
press Enter.
6.3.3. Making correction
6.3.3.1 Determining the correction mode
When starting Corrections, the following appears on the display
Corrections:
Calibration 1
Calibration 2
Calibration 3
--------------------------Temperature
Exit
Ultrasonic milk analyser
By using buttons “up”▲ and”down”▼position on the corresponding
calibration (for example Correction 1 – cow) and press Enter.
6.3.3.2. Choosing correction parameter
After choosing calibration mode the display shows the following:
Cal1 Correct’s
FAT
SNF
Density
-----------------------------Lactose
Salts
Proteins
Water
-----------------------------Exit
Using the buttons “up”▲ and”down”▼position on the parameter to be
corrected (for example FAT) and press the button Enter.
6.3.3.3. Making correction
After choosing parameter (for example fat) the display shows the following:
FAT Correction
0,05
- OK +
Using the buttons “up”▲ and”down”▼is possible to increase or decrease the
value of the measured parameter in the above pointed limits. Leaving this
mode means saving the correction value and activating it.
6.3.3.4. Making verification
After the corrections are made put the milk analyser in working mode
following the sequence below:
1. Switch off the power supply.
2. Switch on the “POWER” button, which starts the identification
procedure. For a short time the display shows the number of the
software versions, for example:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Milk analyser xxx
LCD vers xx
MA vers yy
MA ser. N. xxxx
3. Till the analyser is prepared for work (at about 5 minutes) the following
message is written on the display: “Getting ready”.
4. When the device is ready for work, a beep is heard and the display
shows: “Analyser ready”. The analyser is ready to make analyses in
mode 1 (normally Cow).
5. Make several times measurement of reference samples with known
values of the corrected parameter. If the difference between the values
of the parameter from the reference methods and milkanalyser are in
the limits for the parameter it may be considered that the correction is
successfully made.
If the discrepancy between the measurements from the milk analyser and
classical methods is bigger than is necessary to make second correction
according above described way.
If after the second correction the results are unsatisfactory we recommend
making a calibration of the analyser. In dependence of the conditions and
your requirements you may make the calibration using a personal computer
type IBM PC and the company's calibration program or autonomous - by
recalibration.
When making corrections or calibrations be 100% sure in the accuracy of the
reference methods result.
6.4. Recalibrating the milk analyser
6.4.1. Running the analyser in mode Recalibrate
6.4.1.1. Press the button Enter and without releasing it switch on the power
supply of the device, wait for the starting identification messages and release
the button after the following message appears on the display:
Release button
to start setup
Ultrasonic milk analyser
After releasing the button on the display is shown:
MA Setup
Followed by the possible to be entered by the operator menus:
Special modes
Corrections
Settings
Tests
-----------------------------pH & Co Meter
Accessories
Exit
6.4.1.2. By using buttons “up” ▲ and “down” ▼ position on Settings and
press button Enter.
6.4.1.3. Analogically, position on Recalibrate and press the button Enter.
6.4.2. Making recalibration
6.4.2.1. Determining the calibration mode
After starting Recalibrate, the display shows the following:
Recalibrate
Calibration 1
Calibration 2
Calibration 3
----------------------------Edit samp’s 1
Edit samp’s 2
Edit samp’s 3
Edit FrPoints
---------------------------- Exit
Using the buttons “up” ▲ and “down” ▼ position on the corresponding
calibration (for example if you need to recalibrate cow milk, which is assigned
Ultrasonic milk analyser
in the milk analyser as Calibration 1 - cow) and press the button Enter.The
following message appears on the display:
Calibration 1
Getting ready
6.4.2.2. Entering values for the separate sample parameters
Wait for the sound signal and the following menu on the display:
Cal1 Samp High
Fat=f.ff
SNF=y.yy
Den=d.dd
-----------------------------Lac=l.ll
Sol=s.ss
Pro=p.pp
Exit
In this display is possible to be entered the results from the milk with high
FAT chemical analyses, which were received by the methods from Appendix
Methods.
For example:
- by using the buttons “up” ▲ and ”down” ▼, choose the needed
parameter to be entered;
- by pressing “Enter” the cursor will mark the number to be changed. For
example: FAT=01.29;
- using the buttons “up” ▲and ”down” ▼, enter the needed value;
- by next pressing of Enter pass towards the next number;
- after completion of entering the needed FAT value, press Enter;
- the cursor returns to its starting position.
Cal 1 Samp.High
Fat=f.ff
SNF=y.yy
Den=d.dd
Ultrasonic milk analyser
With the button “down” ▼ move the cursor across SNF and analogical to the
above described consequence enter the value for SNF and after that the rest
of the values.
Using menus Edit samp's 1(2, 3) the operator has the possibility preliminary
to prepare the data for the parameters for each recalibration separately or to
check the sample data.
6.4.2.3. Making recalibration with the available samples
After entering the values for the separate parameters of the sample position
the cursor across Exit, press Enter and the following menu appears on the
display:
Recalibrate 1
Put sample High 5
times
Which reminds us to put 5 times the sample with high FAT.
The sample has to be with temperature in the boundaries 15-25°С.
Stir 2-3 times the milk sample before each measurement by pouring it from
one vessel to another. The needed quantity is poured in the sample-holder
and it is put in the recess of the device. Starts the measurement. The sample
is sucked. Appears the following menu:
Recallibrate 1
Put sample high 5
times
Samp T=16.8
After the sample is measured, appears the following menu:
Recalibrate 1
Put sample High
Cal meas=1/5
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Follow the procedure till the 5th measurement.
After 5th measurement completion automatically appears the menu:
Cal 1 Samp Low
Fat = f.ff
SNF=y.yy
Den=d.dd
-----------------------------Lac=l.ll
Sol=s.ss
Pro=p.pp
Exit
Which reminds to enter the values for the sample with low FAT? Enter the
values analogically to the procedure, described in the previous sample. After
entering the last parameter position the cursor on “Exit”, press “Enter” and
the following menu will appear:
Recal 1
Put sample Low 5
times
Make 5 times measurement of the low FAT sample.
After 5th measurement completion automatically appears the menu:
Recal 1
Put sample water
Which reminds for 5-times water measurement? There is no need to enter
values after placing the sample-holder. Measurement starts directly.
The used water has to be distilled or boiled.
th
After the 5
measurement appears the menu:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Recalibrated
Analyser ready
This means that the calibration was completed successfully and the analyser
is recalibrated for cow milk, marked as “Calibr 1”.
Switch off the power supply of the device and switch it on again.
The device is ready to work with the new calibration.
If during work the sample’s temperature exceeds the temperature range 1525° С the following message appears:
Temperature out of
range
Wait till the end of the measurement. When the message appears:
Put sample again
Put sample with temperature in the temperature range and continue the
measurement till completion of 5-time measurement.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
7. STARTING THE DEVICE IN A SERVICE TEST/SETUP
OPERATIONAL MODE. MENUS DESIGNATION
7.1. Starting the device in a service Test/Setup operational mode.
In order to start the Setup of the device the operator has to press the button
Enter and without releasing it to switch on the power supply of the device, to
wait for the starting identification messages and to release the button after
the following message appears on the display:
Release button
to start setup
After releasing the button on the display is shown:
MA Setup
Followed by possible to be entered by the operator menus:
Special modes
Corrections
Settings
-----------------------------Tests
pH & Co Meter
Accessories
Exit
You may move in the menus by using buttons “up” ▲ and “down” ▼.
If by pressing the button Enter you choose a menu, each menu offers new
points/submenus. When Exit is chosen the device leaves the Setup mode
and returns to normal work.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Due to continuous device improvement or due to the type of ordered type device
it is possible some of the functions of the analyser to be not active (options not
included). In this case, when trying to enter such function will display the
following message: Not available option
7.2. Menus Function:
7.2.1. Special modes.
Serve for choosing special (technological) working modes. After starting it the
following appears on the display:
Special modes
Calibration
Cycle
Exit
This mode is normally used in production conditions.
7.2.1.2. Calibration mode
In mode Calibration the analyser is ready to make measurement and to send
the received results towards the technological milk analysers calibration
system. For this purpose you need personal computer type IBM PC,
company’s calibration system LSC.EXE and methods for calibration of milk
analysers (see the corresponding documents). To start measurement in this
mode, the operator has to put a sample-holder containing milk sample in the
recess of the analyser and to press the button Enter.
7.2.1.2. Cycle mode
Mode Cycle serves for training the analysers. When you start this mode, the
analyser, without additional commands, sucks the sample, makes the
measurement, pours the sample out in the sample-holder and displays the
received results cyclically.
7.2.2. Corrections
Serves for entering corrections in the measured data. Detailed description in
point 6.3.2 and 6.3.3.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
7.2.3. Settings.
Serve for assigning different working parameters (modes).
7.2.3.1. Net number.
Serves for assigning the device network number when connecting it in the
production network. The possible numbers are from 0 to 15 including.
After starting this function the display shows the following:
Net number
0
- OK +
By using the button “up”▲ the operator has the possibility to increase the
number, showing the channel’s number, and by button “down”▼, to decrease
it. Pressing the button Enter saves the chosen channel and exits the function.
When connected in the production network each device has to have a
unique number.
7.2.3.2. COM1 mode.
Serves for choosing the working mode of COM1 (RS232 on the rear panel).
Chooses the device towards which the measurement results are send. There
are two possibilities:
- towards a personal computer - PC;
- towards serial printer - Prn.
After staring this function the display shows the following:
COM1 mode:
Prn _
PC OK Prn
Using the button “up”▲” the operator has the possibility to send the results
towards Prn, and by button “down”▼, towards PC. Pressing the button Enter
saves the chosen output device and exits the function.
Forwarding the printer towards COM1 is necessary when connecting
additional external keypad to the analyser. In this case the keypad is
connected to Com.port 2, and the printer – to com port 1.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Forwarding the printer could not be necessary if there is a special cable –
fork-joint (from the company-producer), which allows both the keypad and
serial printer to be connected towards Com. Port 2. In this case Com. Port 1
is free and may be used for communication with computer IBM PC type.
7.2.3.3. LCD Setup.
Serves to adjust the backlight of the display. The two parameters may be
changed in two modes:
- fast – for rough adjustment;
- fine – for precise adjustment.
After starting this function the displays shows the following:
LCD Setup:
B. Light fast
B.Light fine
Exit
7.2.3.4.Recalibrate.
Serves for changing definite calibration. Methods are described in point 6.4.
7.2.3.5. Edit FrPoint
Through this menu you have the possibility to enter the basic freezing point
separately for each calibration. For more information, see Appendix Freezing
point. After choosing the menu the following is displayed:
Edit FrPoints
FrPoint Calibr1
FrPoint Calibr2
FrPoint Calibr3
---------------------------- Exit
After choosing freezing point for the calibration, the following is displayed:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
FrPoint Calibrx
-0.fff
- OK +
Where:
Calibrx - basic freezing point to be edited for chosen calibration;
-0.fff - basic freezing point current value;
By pressing the buttons:
“up”▲ - you may increase the absolute value of the freezing point;
”down”▼ - you may decrease the absolute value of the freezing point;
“Enter” - saves the edited value and exits the menu;
7.2.3.6. Save/Rest Cal.
Through this menu you may save the new calibration in the device or to
restore the old one (factory) calibration. This is necessary in case that you’ve
calibrated the device for cow milk, but after that the device is not measuring
correctly and you decide to restore the factory calibration settings. Position
the cursor across “Restore calibration” and press “Enter”
Possibilities:
Save calibration – saves the chosen calibration in an internal buffer.
Restore calibration – restores the chosen calibration from the internal
buffer.
The procedure Save/Restore is done for each calibration separately.
Current working
calibration (1, 2 or 3)
Internal storing
Save Æ
buffer
Current calibration content is not changed, the analyser continues using it,
but there is a reserve copy in an internal buffer.
Current working
calibration (1, 2 or 3)
Internal storing
Restore Å
buffer
The current calibration is replaced with the calibration from the internal buffer
and the analyser starts working with it. The content of the internal buffer is not
changed.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
If after recalibration “Save calibration” is pressed the new calibration
settings will be saved over the factory settings. After that is impossible
to restore the factory settings of the calibration. Save the newly made
calibration only if you are sure about its correctness.
7.2.3.7. Settings Page 2.
After this menu is started the display shows the following:
Settings Page2
Final clean Cnt
Auto Print Res
Larg Res En/Dis
Set Calibr Name
Exit
Now there is a possibility one of the following options to be set:
7.2.3.7.1. Final Clean Cnt
Sets the number of cleaning cycles.
7.2.3.7.2. Auto Print Res.
It is possible (if it is needed) to prohibit the automatic printing the measurement
results. If there is external keypad connected, then the results could be printed
by pressing the button 1 from the keypad. It is possible to print out unlimited
number of printouts for one and the same measurement.
7.2.3.7.3. Larg Res En/Dis.
The format of the measurement data send towards the computer is set.
If the option Large Disable, is chosen, then only the main results are send to
the computer – Fat, SNF, Density, Lac, Proteins, Added Water, sample
temperature, device serial number and calibration number.
If the option Enable, is chosen, except the above mentioned parameters also
data for Salts, Freezing Point, pH, Conductivity will be send to the computer. In
this case is necessary the software in the computer to be conformable to the
format of the sent data. After starting the menu, the display shows (for example):
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Large Results
No
No OK Yes
7.2.3.7.4. Set Calibr Name.
Sets the names of the separate calibrations. The name could be chosen from
the group of predefined calibrations names or to edit a new one. When editing
the new name there is a possibility all ASCII codes to be used, as letters (caps
and normal), numbers and punctuation marks and popular symbols. The
calibration name consists of 8 symbols.
Example:
When it is suitable to us this possibility of the analyser? For example if you have
a device factory calibrated for Cow milk, Sheep Milk and UHT milk, but yоu need
oftenly to measure camel milk. Using the methods, explained in details in
Appendix Methods you may make a new calibration without need to send the
analyser back to the producer for calibration. Using this procedure you may
make calibrations for most oftenly analysed milk and to write down the exact
calibration name, which will be shown on the display and printed on the printer.
After starting this menu the display shows:
Select Calibr
Cal1: Sheep
Exit Yes Next
There are the following possibilities:
With button Exit – to leave the menu.
With button Yes – to confirm the chosen for editing calibration name.
With button Next – to choose the next calibration name for editing.
If a calibration for change or edit of name is chosen, the display shows
(example):
Cal:Sheep
PreDef Exit Edit
Ultrasonic milk analyser
There are the following possibilities:
With button PreDef – to choose a calibration name from the list of preliminary
given names.
With button Exit – to leave the menu.
With button Edit – to edit the new calibration name.
If a name from the preliminary given names list is chosen, the display shows:
Cal1: Sheep
UHT
Exit Yes Next
There are the following possibilities:
With button Exit – to leave the menu.
With button Yes – to confirm the chosen from the list calibration name.Now the
program returns to the beginning of the menu for setting calibration names.
With button Next – to show the next calibration name from the list.
If it is decided a new calibration name to be edited, the display shows:
Cal1: Sheep
User Edited
Name:
Prev Set Next
There are the following possibilities:
With button Prev – to display the previous ASCII symbol.
With button Set – to confirm the ASCII symbol, shown on the display and
passes to editing the next symbol from the calibration name.
With button Next – to show the next ASCII symbol.
After editing the last (eighth) name symbol, the display shows:
Cal1: Sheep
User Edited
Name:MilkShp
Exit Save
Ultrasonic milk analyser
There are the following possibilities:
With button Exit – to leave the menu.
With button Save – to confirm already edited calibration name and to save it in
the device. The program returns to the beginning of the menu for setting
calibration names.
7.2.4. Tests.
Start different tests. Possibilities:
7.2.4.1. Test pump.
Starts pump’s test. The number of the completed suction/display cycles is
indicated.
7.2.4.2. Ultrasound.
Test for the ultrasonic system. Used in production conditions.
7.2.4.3. Serial Prn.
Display a short text of a serial printer, connected to COM2 – output with
inscription Printer on the back panel of the device.
7.2.4.4. Set Amplitude.
Serves for ultrasound amplitude adjustment. It is used under production
conditions or by the customer (after sensor change) according the
instructions in the document SetCell.pdf.
Please, use this menu only after reading the above pointed document
SetCell.pdf
7.2.5. pH meter & Co meter
Ph and conductivity measuring are additional possibilities for the analyser
and are optional. Their usage is described in Appendices PH Measurement
and Conductivity Measurement.
7.2.6. Exit
By pressing the button you may leave the program and pass towards another
menu.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
7.2.7. Milk analysers’ setup menu structure
Analyzer Setup
Special
modes
Calibration
Corrections
Calibration 1
Fat
Calibration 2
Fat
Calibration 3
Fat
Temperature
Cond
Settings
Net number
Contrast fast
Recalibrate
Calibration 1
Cycle
Reports
Shut Down
SNF
Density
Lactose
Salts
Proteins
Water
SNF
Density
Lactose
Salts
Proteins
Water
SNF
Density
Lactose
Salts
Proteins
Water
measure
COM1 mode
LCD Setup
Contrast fine
B.Light fast
B.Light fine
Calibration 2
Calibration 3
Edit samp's 1
Edit samp's 2
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Edit samp's 3
Edit FrPoints
FrPoint Calibr1
FrPoint Calibr2
FrPoint Calibr3
Save/Rest
Cal
Save Calibr 1
Save Calibr 2
Save Calibr 3
Rest Calibr 1
Rest Calibr 2
Rest Calibr 3
Fan Temp
Offs
Settings
Page2
Final clean cnt
Auto Print Res
Larg Res En/Dis
Set Calibr Name
Option Select
Sel Pump Speed
Speed for Cal 1
Speed for Cal 2
Speed for Cal 3
HFSpeed for Cal
OutSample Delay
Reslt
Precision
Fat - Precision
SNF - Precision
Den - Precision
Lac - Precision
Sol - Precision
Pro - Precision
AdW - Precision
Properties
PCB Main Identi
PCB LCD Identi
Tests
Test pump
Ultrasound
Serial Prnter
KeyPad
Displays
Parallel Prn
pH & Co
Meter
Ultrasonic milk analyser
pH
Calibration
pH
Measuring
pH
En/Disable
pH U Display
pH Test U[V]
Co Meter
Calibr
Co Meter
Test
Co Meter
En/Dis
Accessories
Weight scale
Raw Test
Calibration
Measure
On Line En/Dis
Battery
Measure Bat U
Ctrl Enabl/Dis
RT Clock
Display Time
Adjust Time
Adjust Date
Ultrasonic milk analyser
8. ENTERING DATA WITH THE KEYPAD AND PRINTING OUT
THE RESULTS
8.1. Working with the keypad
To make the operation easier there is embedded keypad in the device.
Via it one may enter 4 digit number of the milk supplier (from 1 up to 9999)
and the delivered by this milk supplier liters of milk (from 0.1 up to 9999.9
liters) with accuracy up to 0.1 l.
Entering these data is done before starting the measurement. For that
purpose:
1. Press the button # (Enter) on the keyboard and the display will show the
following:
Enter Data
Del N:
2. Now enter the number of the supplier.
3. By pressing # Enter on the keyboard, the display shows:
Enter Data
Del N:xxxx
Liters =
4. Now enter the liters and press the button # (Enter) on the keyboard. The
display shows:
Del N:xxxx
Liters=yyyy.y
Are you sure?
0-No Yes
Where:
хxxx - entered by the operator number of the supplier
yyyy.y - entered by the operator liters
Ultrasonic milk analyser
The operator has the following two possibilities:
1. To cancel the entered data by pressing the button 0 on the keyboard and
to start entering them again.
2. To confirm the entered data by pressing the button # (Enter) on the
keyboard, and then the display will show currently chosen calibration. Now
the device is ready to start measurement. After finishing the measurement,
data, entered for the supplier are printed out.
8.2. Working with the printer
8.2.1. Basic printer characteristics
Printing method Thermal line dot printing
Paper width: 57.5±0.5mm
Printing density: 8dot/mm, 384dot/line
Printing speed: 50mm/s or 20line/s
Printing width: 48mm
Feeding speed: 50mm/s or 20line/s
Power: DC 5V , 3A
Фиг. 11 Printer control panel
5
4
3
1. Printout
2. Paper roll compartment
3. Select (Sel)
4. Line Feed (LF)
5. Cover opening button
1
2
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Changing the roll
To change the paper rolls proceed as follows:
1. Press the button as it is shown on the figure.
2. Position the paper roll making sure it unrolls in the proper direction.
3. Tear off the paper and close the cover
● Method of changing the printer’s direction
1 Press SEL Key and make printer power on at the same time, The printer
will print out the state of serial interface and the printer direction.
2. Press LF once. The printer will print out the printer direction.
3. After that the printer direction could be changed through the both keys.
4.The printer has to be re-powered after setting.
●The way to self-check:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Make the printer power on. Press the LF Key and the SEL Key at the same
time, and then the printer print out the self-check scrip.
8.2.2. Consequence of actions when printing
The embedded printer is automatically switched on with switching on the
device. After finishing the measuring procedure the results are automatically
printed out. If there is a need of repeated printing of the same results the
operator has to press the button 1 on the embedded keyboard (each pressing
the button 1 on the keyboard the results will be printed out). If the operator
does not need to print out the results after the measurement is completed the
following has to be made:
1. Start Setup of the device (see p.7.1 Starting the device in service
Test/Setup mode).
2. Using the buttons up and down select menu Settings, page 2 results.
The display shows the following:
Settings Page2
Final clean cnt
Auto Print res
Exit
Choose Auto Print res. The display shows the following:
Auto Print res
No OK Yes
Now the operator may choose or cancel the automatic printing the results.
Additional printing out of the results by pressing the button 1 on the keyboard
is active even if the automatic printing is switched off i.e. pressing the button
1 will print out the results from the last measurement as many times as you
press the button 1.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
9. ADDITIONAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE ANALYSER
9.1. Connecting to 12 V DC power supply.
If there is a need the analyser to work on place without electrical supply
available, then it could be powered by car battery or other 12 V DC external
power supply. Use the 12 V power supply cable (art. number 30030).
9.2. Connecting to IBM PC
The analyser can be connected to IBM PC using the RS232 interface cable
(art. number 30012, Parts and Accessories, point 16). In order to make the
connection: switch off both the milk analyser and PC. Connect the RS 232
cable towards Com. Port 1 and towards the computer. Turn on both analyser
and PC. Now the device is ready to communicate with IBM PC. For more
detailed information regarding milk collection data program see the file
resLS_SupLiters.pdf from the CD, accompanying the device.
9.3. Connecting additional serial printer (option).
The interface connector for the printer is on the rear panel of the device
(Com. Port 2). The printer should be connected towards it. Connect it via
cables, delivered by the company-producer. If the printer is connected directly
to the electrical network, then the analyser and the printer should be
connected to one and the same electrical phase.
Communication parameters: 9600 bps, No parity, 8 bits, 1 stop bit. It’s oneway communication (uses one line) – the analyser only sends and the printer
only accepts data.
9.4. Connecting matrix printer (option).
If the device is working n milk collection center, where work load is heavy,
and there are a lot of results to be printed out, we suggest an option
connecting standard matrix printer (paper expenses would be less, the
reliability better).
Interface connection with the printer is at the rear panel of the analyser
“Parallel printer interface”.
9.5. Connecting and working with external keypad (option).
It is possible external keypad (supplied by the producer of the device) to be
connected to the device, using special cable to the serial printer connector.
In order to connect external keypad to the milk analyser, follow the procedure
below:
1. Connect the keypad towards connector labeled Printer.
2. Connect the printer towards connector labeled RS 232.
3. Forward the printer towards output RS 232, doing the following:
o Press the button Enter (on the front panel of the analyser).
Ultrasonic milk analyser
o While holding it pressed, switch on the analyser’s power supply.
o Release the button Enter.
o Using the buttons Up/Down choose menu Settings and press
Enter.
o Using the buttons Up/Down choose menu COM1 Mode and
press Enter.
o With the right button (Up) choose COM1 Mode – Prn, press
Enter and leave the menu.
With the external keypad 4 digit identification number of the milk deliverer
may be entered (from 1 to 9999) and quantity of delivered milk in liters (from
0,1 to 9999.9) (accurateness up to 0.1 l). These data entering have to be
completed before starting measurement. Pressing the button Enter on the
keypad will display the following:
Enter Data
Del N:
Now enter the deliverer’s identification number. After pressing Enter on the
external keypad, the display shows:
Enter Data
Del N:xxxx
Liters =
Now, enter how many liters have been delivered and press the button Enter
on the external keypad the following is displayed:
Del N:xxxx
Liters=yyyy.y
Are you sure?
0-No Yes-Enter
Where:
хxxx - entered by the operator identification number of the deliverer
yyyy.y - entered by the operator liters.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
The operator has two possibilities:
1. To cancel the entered data by pressing the button 0 on the external keypad
and to start entering them again.
2. Confirm the entered data by pressing the button Enter on the external
keypad. The display shows currently chosen calibration. The device is ready
to start measurement. After completing the measurement, the data for the
deliverer are printed out.
9.6. Measuring high fat samples (option).
The standard device measures samples up to 25% fat.
On customer’s request, the device could be produced with possibility to
measure samples up to 50% fat. The customer can choose which calibration
to have this possibility and which not, as well as during the process of
exploitation to change the measuring mode i.e. to pass from measuring
normal fat percentage towards high and vice versa.
What the operator sees during these passes is the difference in the speed of
sucking the sample. For that purpose, the high-fat sample has to be
preliminary heated up to 30С +- 3С.
To choose the mode, follow the sequence below:
Setup->Settings->Settings
Page2->Option
Select->SelPumpSpeed->Speed for Cal x
After which the display shows:
Calibr x
Pump Speed
Normal OK HiFat
By pressing the correspondent buttons the operator can choose the type of
measurement and to exit the menu.
When changing the type of measurement on a calibration is necessary a new
calibration of the device on the new speed to be done. When calibrating
measuring high fat sample, before starting the calibration procedure, the
operator has to choose from the menu:
Setup->Settings->Settings
Page2->Option
Select->SelPumpSpeed-> HFSpeed for Cal
Ultrasonic milk analyser
By which the device passes in a mode of measuring high fat samples.
This calibration mode is active till the power supply of the device is switched
off i.e. it has to be always set if the device will be calibrated for high fat
measurement.
9.7. Working with embedded accumulator (option).
On customers’ request accumulator could be embedded in the milk analyser.
In this way it could work independently on the electrical network. In this case
the Power switch on the rear panel of the analyser serves for close / open the
electric circuit of the outer power supply. After closing the circuit, in order to
start the analyser, the operator has to press the Start button on the front
panel of the analyser.
Switching off the analyser could be done on one of the following ways:
Through the analyser – by switching the Power button on the rear panel of
the analyser.
Through the software – by using the option Shut Down from the Calibration
and Working mode menus.
After pressing and holding pressed the button Enter (when choosing
calibration), the following is displayed:
Milk selector
Cal1 – Cow
Cal2 – Sheep
Cal3 – UHT
----------------------------Cleaning
Final clean
Shut Down
By choosing the option Shut Down the operator may switch off the power
supply of the analysers.
In case that the external power supply from the electrical network, the
analyzer automatically starts working with power supply from the battery.
Possible working modes with battery:
1. The analyser is powered by the battery, works normally, the display shows
the following message
Battery Powered
Ultrasonic milk analyser
2. The analyser is in mode Sleep – do not accept any commands, expects
change in the power (supply from switching adapter for starting the battery),
display shows the following
Low Battery
3. The battery power is under the allowed minimum, milk analyser is
automatically switched off. Before switching off, for a short time, the display
shows
Out of Battery
9.8. Automatic weighting the milk with scales (option).
Scales could be connected towards the milk analyser, which to be used for
weighting the delivered milk before measuring its parameters. For using the
scale the operator has to follow up the two procedures:
- Preparation for work and checking the scales
- Weighting delivered milk
9.8.1. Preparation for work and checking the scales
Put the scales on round and solid surface and level it, using its helical legs.
Checking the scales is done by using 2 standards of weight – light and heavy,
for example 5 and 50 kg, in mode:
Setup ->Accessories->Weigh Scale->Measure
(this is OFF Line measuring mode). In case there is discrepancy noticed, you
need to make scales calibration, as is described below.
9.8.2. Weighting delivered milk.
The procedure is analogous to work when entering data for the deliverer
using additional keypad. The difference is that weight of milk is automatically
send from the scales.
Consequence of work is as follows: switch on the analyser for normal work.
Place the vessel where the milk from different deliverers will be collected, for
example with 80 l volume. When the analyser is ready for work, the operator
has to press “#” (Enter) on the digital keyboard. Display shows the following:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Enter Data
Del N:
Now enter the deliverer’s number and press the button “#” (Enter) on the
digital keyboard. Display shows the following:
Net =xx.xxx [kg]
Tare =yy.yyy[kg]
Totl =zz.zzz[kg]
0-Tare #OK
where:
xx.xxx – weight of the poured milk of the current deliverer.
yy.yyy – tarе’s weight (weight of the milk collecting vessel plus milk,
collected from the previous deliverers, if there is such in the vessel)
zz.zzz – sum of Net + Tare
After the first measurement, across Net will be shown the weight of the milk
collecting vessel, and Tare will show 0. Now press the button Tare, and now
the scales is ready to weight the milk of the deliverer, i.e. Net shows 0. Fill the
glass for sample measuring and the rest of the milk pour in the milk-collecting
vessel, placed on the weighting scales. Now the value on the display across
Net is changing. The operator has to wait the scales to be set at rest and
press the button “#”. The display shows the following:
Net =xx.xxx [kg]
Tare=yy.yyy[kg]
Totl=zz.zzz[kg]
0-Tare #OK
where:
xx.xxx – weight of the poured by the first deliverer milk, for example 20.00 kg.
yy.yyy – Tare’s weight (milk collecting vessel)
zz.zzz – Sum of Net + Tare
After the scales are set at rest, the operator has to press the button “#”, and
the display shows the following:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Del N:aaaa
Kg=yy.yy
Are you sure?
0-No Yes-#
Now the operator has to check the data and if there is need something to be
corrected to press button “0”, which returns in the main menu for entering
deliverer’s number. By pressing the button “#” data is confirmed and following
appears on the display:
Measure:CalName
Start:Enter or *
The operator has to place the sample holder filled with milk sample in the milk
analyser and to start the measurement. The milk analyser measures the
sample and shows the results as in a normal mode. On the print out 2 new
lines appear:
Litres………..19.4
Kilograms…..20.00
Please, have in mind the formula for calculating liters from weight measured:
Litres = Kilograms / Density
where:
Density is measured by the analyser density of the correspondent sample.
When the next deliverer arrives, the operator has to press “#” and to start
again the procedure for entering deliverer’s number and weighting. In this
case weighting scales are ready for the next deliverer’s milk. This procedure
is repeated for every deliverer. When the milk-collecting vessel is full, pour its
content in the cooling tank. Place it back on the scales and press again the
button for new tare calculation.
9.8.3. Control options when working with scales.
They are entered by using the Setup of the analyser. They are started using
the following menu:
Setup ->Accessories->Weigh Scale:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Raw Test - test for weight scales control. Used mainly in production
conditions.
Calibration – serves for scales calibration (if there is deviation noticed).
For the purpose you have to have 2 standards of weight, for example 5 and
50 kg.
After starting the following is dispalyed:
Weight Scale Cal
Put Low Weight
Weight =zz.z
Using the buttons Up, Down, Enter (as it is done when calibrating the rest of
the milk analyser’s options) enter the weight of the lighter standard of weight,
in our case 05.000. After it, on the bottom line of the display appers:
ADC=xxxx.x Set
where:
хххх.х – calibrating data from the scales.
The operator waits for the value to be shown and presses the button below
the word Set. The same procedure is repeated with the heavy standard
weight, for. example 50.000 kg. After the value is shown and pressing the
button Set, a message for completed calibration is displayed. Scales are
ready for work.
Measure – Off Line measuring mode, i.e. the analyser is used as
universal scales. In this mode periodically control of the accuracy of the
scales with standards of weight is needed.
On Line En/Dis – allows / forbids On Line weight scales work
(automatically transferring the kilograms measured milk from the scales to the
analyser, after setting the deliverer’s number). If option Enable is chosen,
follow the way of work described above. If not, then the operator has the
possibility to enter manually liters and number of the every deliverer.
9.9. Working with embedded report system for generating and making
reports – Report System (option).
On customer’s request hardware could be embedded in the analyzer,
allowing results from 1000 measurements to be recorded and kept as a
record. On the base of these recorder measurements different reports are
made. Making results’ archives is made automatically after the measurement
is finished, and is controlled via the following menus system:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Special modes
Calibration
Cycle
Reports
9.9.1.Setup menu structure
Special modes
…
Reports
Init
Report En/Dis
Busy/Free Recs
New Report
Reject Deliv N
Del last Meas
Report Options
Prn Single rep
Sel Out Device
Lines On Page
Empty Lines Bot
Delay New Line
Delay Pr Header
Print Deliv N
Generator
Fat&SNF Rate
Set Coeffs
Rep for Calibr
Short Report
Large Report
All Large Rep
Shift Selector
Print Page Num
Tools
Send Rec to PC
9.9.2. Basic terms.
The system generates reports on the basis of the archived results. The
results could be send towards:
Serial printer
Parallel printer
Through RS 232 towards IBM PC.
On the basis of Fat and SNF and liters (calculated from kilograms, received
from Weight Scale or entered directly) delivered the system calculates:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Rate = Fat * FatCo + SNF * SNFCo (1)
Amount = Rate * Litres (2)
Separately, for every measurement. Via option Prn Single rep the
operator may forbid or allow adding these results when, after each
measurement, is printing the rest of the measurement results on the serial
printer.
For all the measurements from the archive, the system calculates:
Average Fat = (Fat1*Litres1 + Fat2*Litres2…) / Litres1+Litres2…)(3)
Total Amount = Amount1 + Amount2 … (4)
Average SNF = (SNF1*Litres1 + SNF2*Litres2…)/
(Litres1+Litres2…) (5)
Calculations are made for each separate calibration. Average results for Fat
and SNF may be used for control of total gathered milk.
In order to start working the report system needs the operator to enable it
(Report En/Dis), and to set the old report in initial adjustment (New Report).
Using IBM PC (via RS232 cable) user can enter the name of Milk collection
center and names of 2 working shifts (i.e. Morning shift 1,2).
During work the operator may delete the result from the archive for the last
measurement (if there is a need to be done). Before starting generating the
reports, coefficients, used for calculations have to be entered (Set Coeffs).
After the working shift is over, the operator has the possibility to print out
Short or Large Shift Report. User has possibilities to reject selected deliverer
number from report (Reject Deliv N).
9.9.3. Menus’ description:
Group Init:
Report En/Dis –enables/disables work of the system for archives and
reports
Report Enable
Yes
No OK Yes
Busy/Free Recs – shows the number of busy/free places in the archive.
Total number of records – 1000. When the analyser’s power supply is
switched on, the display shows the number of free records. During real
Ultrasonic milk analyser
measurements user can control current archive number using “Page 2
Results”.
Show Records
Busy: 0038/0000
Free: 0962
Exit
where:
Busy xxxx / yyyy
xxxx - number of measurements, which will be used when generating
reports
yyyy - number of measurements, which will not be used when
generating reports i.e. were marked as invalid using the command Reject
Deliv N
New Report – deletes the old archive. In this way the number of free
records for making archives of the results remains 1000.
Start New Rept
No
No OK Yes
The operator has to be very careful with this command, because, by
choosing Yes the whole archive from previously made measurements will be
deleted and the memory will be set to zero, free for new measurements to be
stored.
Reject Deliv N – measurement for selected Deliverer Number are
excluded from reports.
Reject meas for
Del N:
Del last Meas – deletes the archive from the last measurement. If this
command is repeated, it deletes the result from the measurement before the
last one etc. till the wh
Del Last Meas
OK! Free = xxxx
Exit
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Where:
хххх is the number of the free places for saving measurements
results in the memory.
9.9.4. Report Options:
Prn Single rep – enables / disables printing the results from every
sample’s Rate and Amount on the serial printer right after the measurement
is finished.
Prn Single Rep
No
No OK Yes
Sel Out Device – chooses the outgoing device for Large Shift
Report – it could be parallel printer (printed copy) or IBM PC (file).
Select Output
For Report:
IBM PC
LPT OK IBM PC
Lines On Page – determines the number of lines in one page for
Large Report.
Lines on Page
64
- OK +
Empty Lines Bot – determines the number of empty lines at the
bottom of page.
Empty Lines Bot
0
- OK +
Delay New Line – printer delay after passing to a new line.
Measured in ms.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Delay LPT for
NLine[ms]:
Delay Pr Header – printer delay when printing header of the
page. Measured in mS.
Delay LPT prn
Header[ms]:
Note:
The normal values of these parameters are 0. When using old model printers
(without input memory buffer), it is necessary time delay to be set, for example 400, in
order to be possible speed of the device and printer to be harmonized.
Print Deliv N – prints on serial printer results from measurements (the
same after real measurement).
Print meas for
Del N:
The operator has to enter the number of the deliverer, whose results
want to be printed again. If there are no results from a deliverer with such
number, the following message appears on the display:
Not Available
Exit
Group Generator Fat&SNF Rate:
Set Coeffs – sets the coefficients CoefFat и CoefSNF, through which
the report is calculated.
Fat&SNF Rate
Fat Co= 1.000
Edit Save Exit
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Rep for Calibr – chooses the calibration for which the report is
calculated.
Select Calibr
For Report:
1.Cow
Select Exit
Short Report – prints out on the serial printer report for the archive,
calculated using the formulas (3) and (4), for each calibration, separately.
Only the final, summarized results are printed out, without details about each
sample. It is used when quick processing of measurements is needed for
receiving summarized results.
Example for the printout:
MCC Name
Report Fat & SNF
Shift Name
Calibr Cow
FatCo= 1.000
SNFCo= 2.000
Records=6
Litres=13.50
Amount=160.27
Average Fat= 2.35
Average SNF= 4.76
Large Report – makes detailed report for each sample separately for
the chosen calibration (Rep for Calibr, on the chosen device (Sel Out
Device). Report can be send to LPT or IBM PC (via RS 232).
Example for the printout:
SHIFT REPORT Calibr: Cow Time Date Page Number
MCC Name Shift name
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > N: ! DelN: ! Ltrs ! Fat % ! SNF ! Rate ! Amount !
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > 1 ! 5 ! 2.1 ! 2.35 ! 4.76 ! 11.87 ! 24.93 !
> 2 ! 12 ! 2.8 ! 2.59 ! 4.71 ! 12.01 ! 33.63 !
> 3 ! 66 ! 5.2 ! 2.14 ! 4.79 ! 11.72 ! 60.94 !
> 4 ! 266 ! 3.4 ! 2.49 ! 4.75 ! 11.99 ! 40.77 !
Total Litres = 13.5 Total Amount=160.27
Average Fat= 2.35 Average SNF= 4.76
Ultrasonic milk analyser
FatCo = 1.00 SNFCo= 2.00
Where:
column N: measurement consecutive number
column DelN: deliverer’s number, sorted by ascending number
column Ltrs delivered liters
column Fat% measured Fat in percentage
column SNF% measured SNF in percentage
column Rate calculated Rate (according formula 1)
column Amount calculated Amount (according formula 2)
Total Litres sum of liters delivered. Liters are received by
weighted kilos, using the formula:
Litres = Kilograms / Density
where
Density is measured sample’s density
Total Amount sum of all calculated Amount (according formula 4)
Average Fat average Fat value, calculated according formula 3
Average SNF average SNF value, calculated according formula 5
FatCo, SNFCo values of the coefficients, used in formula 1
All Large Rep - makes detailed report for each sample separately for all
the calibrations (Rep for Calibr) on the chosen device (Sel Out Device).
Shift Selector – user selects which name (Shift 1 or 2 – enter from IBM
PC) will be printed in the header of each list from LPT report. Using the
program LS-SetReports.exe (see its description) the operator has the
possibility to edit the name of the Milk Collecting Center and 2 unique names
for two work shifts.
Select Shift
For Report:
Morning
Morng OK Eveng
Print Page Num – generates total report, but the printing out starts from
chosen by the operator sheet.
Print Report
Page Num:
Group Tools
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Send Rec to PC – sends the whole archive using RS 232 towards IBM
PC. Measurement results are send in the order they’ve been made, without
being sorted or processed. In the IBM PC they have to be received from
program from the family resLS (LS-Data Collection System). These data are
not processed from report generating system, but are in an archive Raw data
from measurements. They are gathered in a file, ready to be processed with
MS Excel (see description of programs resLS).
Send recs to PC
Exit
9.10. Embedded real time clock (option).
On customer’s request, a real time clock could be embedded in the device,
showing astronomical time and date. The clock is powered by battery, so it is
independent on power supply of the device. The advantage of this option is
that on the print out with the measurement results are shown also the exact
time, when the measurement is made, for example:
The embedded clock is controlled by the device’s Setup, from the main menu
Accessories, submenu RT Clock. When chosen, the display shows the
following:
Display Time
Adjust Time
Adjust Date
Exit
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Using these menus, the operator has the possibility to show on the display
the current time and date, and if necessary – to adjust them.
The time is shown in the format:
hh:mm:ss
dd:mm:yy
Exit
where:
hh - the current hour
mm - current minutes
ss - current seconds
dd - current day
mm - current month
yy - current year
Ultrasonic milk analyser
−+∗
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: EASY CALIBRATION OF THE MILK ANALYSER
BY CALCULATING THE BASIC PARAMETERS VIA FORMULAS
DETERMINATION OF THE BASIC PARAMETERS IN THE MILK SAMPLE
BY USING FORMULAS IS NOT AS PRECISE AS USING THE ARBITRARY
METHODS, BUT IS SUITABLE FOR USAGE IN FIELD WORK.
1. Determination some of the parameters by formulas
There is dependence between the different parameters in milk and its
density, which may be expressed with mathematical equation. On this base
different formula, tested and confirmed by the classical laboratory methods
for analyses, are developed. We recommend the following:
2. SNF determination.
For determination of SNF the correlation dependence exists between the
milk’s density, fat and SNF in the milk. When the density and the fat are
known, the SNF can be calculated.
There are several formulas with different applicability.
А/ When the salts and fat are known
SNF is calculated by subtracting the fat percentage from the salts.
SNF = Salts – F (%)
Where
Salts – salts in (%),
F – fat content in (%),
This formula is used for determination of SNF in whey, buttermilk, and cream.
B/ Known quantity of fat and density (most commonly used method when
maximum accuracy is needed).
We recommend the following formula:
SNF
=
378,0
This is a universal formula and actual for milk of almost all kind of cows and
sheep all over the world.
/100100%075,0 densityF
Ultrasonic milk analyser
3. Determination of lactose content
We recommend the following formulas:
А/ for cow milk
Lact. = SNF * 0,55 (% )
Where
SNF – content of SNF in percentages (%),
0,55 – constant coefficient.
B/ for sheep milk
Lact. = SNF* 0,45 (% )
Where
SNF –solids-non-fat content in percentages (%),
0,45 – constant coefficient.
This is an actual coefficient for sheep breeds on the territory of the Balkan
Peninsula.
4. Determination of salts content
We recommend using the following formulas:
А/ for cow milk
Salts = SNF* 0,083 (% )
Where
SNF – solids-non-fat content in percentages (%),
0,083 – constant coefficient.
B/ for sheep milk
Salts = SNF * 0,075 (% )
Where
SNF – solids-non-fat content n percentages (%),
0,075 – constant coefficient.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
This is an actual coefficient for sheep breeds on the territory of the Balkan
Peninsula.
5. Determination of total proteins content
We recommend using the following formulas:
А/ for cow milk
Protein = SNF * 0,367 (% )
Where
SNF - solids-non-fat content in percentages (%),
0,367 – constant coefficient.
B/ for sheep milk
Protein = SNF * 0,475 (% )
Where
SNF – solids-non-fat content in percentages (%),
0,475 - constant coefficient.
This is an actual coefficient for sheep breeds on the territory of the Balkan
Peninsula.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
APPENDIX 2 FREEZING POINT DETERMINATION
1. Methods for determination.
The milk analyser determines the freezing point of each sample and the
quantity of added water. The milk analyser does not measure the freezing
point, but calculates it from the components it depends on. The basic
components in the milk are water, solids, lactose, FAT, proteins, minerals
(salts) and acids. The freezing point depends only on the diluted in the milk
components and quantity of the solvent (in the milk it is water). The ultrasonic
technology allows direct measurement of FAT, proteins, lactose + salts (the
soluble components, only influencing the freezing point), and the quantity of
the solvent in % is determined by 100 % – total solids %, total solids = lactose
% + FAT % + proteins % + salts % + acids %.
Without understanding the meaning of the freezing point – determined or
shown from the milk analyser added water result easily may lead to a mistake
for the value of this parameter.
2. The basic freezing point.
Milk freezes at lower temperature than water. The average freezing point of
the raw milk in the most regions is at about -0,540°С. The average reading
for your region is called “basic” freezing point.
The freezing point of milk is a “physiological constant”. This does not mean
that it will not vary. In fact feed, breed, season, time of lactation, climate,
whether the sample is taken at the beginning, middle or end of lactation – all
these factors will have an effect on the freezing point of the individual sample.
This means that there is an average value of all these numbers. The more
samples used in obtaining this average, the more reliable it is as a base. Or
the basic freezing point is an average of freezing points of milk, taken from
many cows. When a laboratory checks a producer, it is only comparing the
average of the producer’s cows against a larger area average.
The Health authorities establish the basic freezing point or agriculture
departments in some regions, sometimes by universities, separate dairy
producers, or their associations. Frequently, tolerances have been
established on top of a basic freezing point to allow some variations in the
milk as well as device or operator variations.
Without mentioning the basic freezing point, the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists now recommends an upper limit freezing point at 0,525°C (2,326 standard deviations above the most recently determined
North American average of –0,5404°C), below which there will be at 95%
Ultrasonic milk analyser
confidence that will show 99% of all freezing point determinations on milk
without added water:
“if the freezing point is –0,525°C or below, milk may be presumed to be free
of water or may be confirmed as water free by tests, specified below. If the
freezing point is above –0,525°C, milk will be designated as “presumptive
added water” and will be confirmed as added water or added water free by
tests specified below. Evaluate extreme daily fluctuations in the freezing point
of herd, pooled herd, or processed milk for presence of added water”.
“Presumed added water”, as described above, must be “confirmed” by means
of tests on authentic milk samples obtained as specified in the АОАС
METHODS.
After determination the freezing point of your sample via the milk analyser,
the added water is calculated using the following formula:
AddedWater
Where:
FrPo
−
int
=
intint
FrPoFrPo
Base
CalcBase
[%]100
∗
FrPointBase is the basic freezing point
FrPointCalc is measured freezing point
Note:
If the freezing point is not correctly determined, the result for the added water
is not valid. In this case results for FrPoint and AddWater are not shown on
the display and on the printout from the printer. If the density of the measured
sample is 0, the result for AddWater is not valid and is also not shown on the
display and the printouts.
Sample:
First variant
If you’ve entered for milk analyser basic freezing point -0.520°C (according
article 5.9 of the EU Milk Hygiene Directive 92/46/ЕЕС), measured freezing
point –0.540°C, using the above pointed formula you’ll receive –3,8%.
Because it is not possible the added water to be negative value, the milk
analyser indicates 0% added water. The reason for this is the tolerance in the
basic freezing point, reasons for which are described below.
If in the same milk we add 3,8% water, and the basic freezing point is the
same, the milk analyser will measure freezing point –0.520°C, and will
indicate again 0% added water.
Second variant
Ultrasonic milk analyser
If you’ve entered for the device basic freezing point –0.540°C, measured
freezing point –0.540°C, the milk analyser will indicate 0%. When you add
3,8% water, the device will indicate 3,8%-added water.
From the above mentioned follows that it is very important to enter correct
basic freezing point in the device.
The device’s results for added water may give information about doubt of
added water in the milk and the exact value of this added water may be
determined after a “cowshed sample” is taken and the result for the freezing
point, measured by the milk analyser of the “cowshed sample” is entered as
basic freezing point in the formula for calculation of added water.
Then the result from this formula will give us the absolute value of the added
water for the corresponding milk supplier.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
APPENDIX 3 PH MEASURING (ONLY FOR DEVICES WITH
EMBEDDED FUNCTION)
1. General information
PH probe is a unit, measuring the solution acidity or alkalinity degree. It is
measured on scale of 0 to 14. The term pH is derived from "p", the
mathematical symbol for the negative logarithm, and "H", the chemical
symbol of Hydrogen. The formal definition of pH is the negative logarithm of
the Hydrogen ion activity.
2. pH Electrode
For pH measurement the milk analyser needs a combination electrode,
compatible with most pH electrodes that have BNC connectors and zero
potential (the pH where the mill volt output of the electrode equals 0) near 7
pH.
2.1. Electrode part
The electrode is the most important part of the pH measurement. The
electrode glass membrane is fragile and must be handled with care. To
protect the glass membrane and to maintain activation, a protective rubber
cap containing a suitable storage solution covers the glass membrane.
2.2. Electrode care & Electrode maintenance
pH Electrodes are susceptible to dirt and contamination and need to be clean
regularly depending on the extent and condition of use. At no time should one
touch or rub the glass bulb as this causes the build-up of electrostatic charge.
2.3. Storage
For best results, always keep the pH bulb wet. An optimal storage solution for
combination electrode is pH 4 buffer with 225 grams of KCl per liter. Table
salt, NaCl, can be used if KCl is not really available. Other pH buffers or tap
water are also acceptable storage media, but avoid storage in de-ionized
water. The protective rubber cap filled with the buffer solution provides ideal
storage for long periods.
2.4. After Use
After measurement is completed, follow the sequence below for storage.
- Wash the electrode and reference junction in de-ionized water.
- Close the refilling hole by returning its rubber sleeve or stopper cap.
(Necessary for only refillable electrode).
Ultrasonic milk analyser
- Store the electrode as mentioned above (see section Storage).
2.5. Electrolyte Replacement (for refillable electrode only).
The reference electrolyte needs to be refilled when the electrode has been
used for a long period, or when the internal electrolyte has dried up. To
accomplish this, follow the procedure described below.
- Remove the protective rubber cap or sleeve;
- Remove the protective rubber sleeve to expose the filling port of the
electrode;
- Remove the old reference electrolyte with a syringe;
- Fill the new reference electrolyte.
2.6. New electrolyte preparation:
- Open the KCl container;
- Add in de-ionized water until it reaches the level of 20 ml;
- Close the container and shake it to dissolve the KCl;
- Add in fresh electrolyte until it reaches the level of the refilling port. The
reference electrolyte used should be 3M(Mol) KCl;
- Replace the rubber sleeve.
2.7. Re-use the electrode.
- Rinse the liquid junction with de-ionized water.
If these steps fail to restore normal electrode response, you may attempt to
rejuvenate it (See: Electrode Rejuvenation).
2.8. Electrode cleaning
Electrodes which are mechanically intact can often be restored to normal
performance by one or combination of the following procedures.
- Salt deposits:
Dissolve the deposit by immersing the electrode in tap water for ten to fifteen
minutes. Then thoroughly rinse with de-ionized water. Wash the electrode pH
bulb in a little detergent and water. Rinse electrode tip in with de-ionized
water.
- Oil/Grease films:
Wash electrode pH bulb in a little detergent and water. Rinse electrode tip
with de-ionized water.
- Clogged Reference Junction:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
pH electrodes have junction, which allows the internal fill solution of the
measuring electrode to leak out into the solution being measured. The
junction can become clogged by contamination in the solution. If a clogged
junction is suspected it is best to clear the junction.
Heat up the diluted KCl solution to 60-80°C. Place the sensing part of the pH
electrode into the heated KCl solution for approximately 10 minutes. Allow the
electrode to cool while immersed in some unheated KCl solution.
- Protein Deposits
Prepare 1% pepsin solution in 0.1 M HCI. Allow the electrode to stand in this
solution for five to ten minutes. Rinse the electrode with de-ionized water.
2.9. Electrode activation
Generally, if the procedure of storage and maintenance had been closely
followed, the electrode can
be used immediately. However, should the electrode response become
sluggish, it may be possible that the bulb has dehydrated.
The bulb can be dehydrated by immersing the electrode in an ideal storage
solution (e.g. buffer pH 4 solution) for 1-2 hours. If this fails, the electrode
may require re-activation. If the above procedure does not reactivate the
electrode to acceptable status, try rejuvenation the electrode by following the
procedure outlined below.
2.10. Rejuvenation Procedure
Dip and stir the electrode in freon or alcohol for 5 minutes.
Leave the electrode in tap water for 15 minutes.
Dip and stir the electrode in concentrated acid (HCI, H
) for 5 minutes.
2S4
Leave the electrode in tap water for 15 minutes.
Dip and stir in strong base (NaOH) for 5 minutes.
Leave the electrode in tap water for 15 minutes.
Test with standard calibration solution.
Finally, test with standard calibration buffer solution to see if the electrode
yields acceptable results. You may repeat again for better response
(maximum 3 times). If the response does not improve, then the electrode has
completed its useful life. Replace with a new electrode.
2.11. Electrode Lifespan
pH electrodes have a finite lifespan due to their inherent properties. How long
a pH electrode will last will depend on how it is cared and the solution it is
used to measure. Even if an electrode is not used it still ages. Electrode
demise can usually be characterized by a sluggish response, erratic readings
or a reading, which will not change. When this occurs an electrode can no
longer be calibrated. pH electrodes are fragile and have a limited lifespan.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
How long an electrode will last is determined by how well is maintained and
the pH application. The harsher the system, the shorter the lifespan. For this
reason it is always a good idea to have a back-up electrode on hand to avoid
any system down time.
3. Buffer Solutions
Buffers are solutions that have constant pH values and the ability to resist
changes in that pH level. They are used to calibrate pH measurement
system.
PH buffer solution description (Pharmacopoeia standard)
Use only these types’ standard buffers for calibration!
Description pH 7.00±0,01/20ºC pH 4.00±0,01/20ºC
Composition Potassium dihydrogen
phosphate, Di-sodium
Borax, Sodium
hydroxide solution
hydrogen phosphate
Temperature
parameters
10ºC - 7.06
25ºC - 6.99
20ºC - 7.00
30ºC - 6.98
40ºC - 6.95
50ºC - 6.91
10ºC - 4.00
25ºC - 4.00
20ºC - 4.00
30ºC - 4.00
40ºC - 4.00
50ºC - 4.05
4. pH Electrode Calibration
pH Electrodes are like batteries; they run down with time and use. As an
electrode ages, its glass changes resistance. For this reason, electrodes
need to be calibrated on a regular basis. Calibration in pH buffer solution
corrects for this change.
Calibration is an important part of electrode maintenance. This assures not
only that the electrode is behaving properly but that the system is operating
correctly.
Usually pH meters require calibration at 2 specific pH values. One calibration
is usually performed at pH 7, second pH 5.
It is the best to select a buffer as close as possible to the actual pH value of
the sample to be measured. Use standard calibration buffers that the
temperature and the sample solution are the same.
Use the operation manual for the corresponding pH meter.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
For pH electrodes, originally supplied with milk analyser read the
following information:
Temperature compensations
The output of pH electrodes varies with temperature in manner, predicted by
theory. When needed, Sensorex can supply electrode holders with build-in
automatic temperature compensators. The need of automatic compensation
depends on the temperature variation, the pH value being measured. At pH
of about 7 there is no error due to temperature and, of course, at a constant
temperature there is no error. As shown in the following table, the pH error
due to temperature is a function of both the temperature and the pH value
being measured. At a pH of about 7 there is no error due to temperature and,
of course, at a constant temperature there is no error. The more the
temperature changes from the ambient calibration temperature and the more
the pH departs from 7 the greater is the pH error.
pH temperature error table
°C
pH
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
5 .30 .24 .18 .12 .06 0 .06 .12 .18 .24 .30
15 .15 .12 .09 .06 .03 0 .03 .06 .09 .12 .15
25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 .15 .12 .09 .06 .03 0 .03 .06 .09 .12 .15
45 .30 .24 .18 .12 .06 0 .06 .12 .18 .24 .30
55 .45 .36 .27 .18 .09 0 .09 .18 .27 .36 .45
65 .60 .48 .36 .24 .12 0 .12 .24 .36 .48 .60
75 .75 .60 .45 .30 .15 0 .15 .30 .45 .60 .75
85 .90 .72 .54 .36 .18 0 .18 .36 .54 .72 .90
0 pH Error Range Less than .1 pH Error Range
5. PH helpful hints
For greatest accuracy in pH measurement, follow these guidelines:
- Use the same technique to measure samples, which was used for
calibration.
- Be consistent with stirring rates, times and conditions.
- Calibrate with buffers, which are close in temperature to that of the
sample.
- Calibrate the pH electrode regularly, e.g. once a day for accuracy to
within 0.05 pH.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
- Use fresh buffers for calibrations. Avoid contamination of the stock buffer
solution and do not use it beyond the expiry date.
- Keep all connections dry.
- Immerse the electrode far enough into the solution to insure the
reference junction is below the surface.
- Allow adequate time for the electrode to stabilize in standards and
samples before taking a reading.
- Clean the electrode periodically. Allow more time for aged electrodes.
- Do not use the pH electrode in solutions of fluoride ion at low pH. This
will etch the glass membrane.
- Sulphide vapors can permeate the electrode wick and contaminate the
reference element. Minimize contact in such environments and change
the reference electrolyte frequently.
Milk acidity and рН
In the table below the connection between pH value and acidity in °T is
shown
°T
deviation рН
average
°T
deviation рН
average value
value
Raw milk Pasteurized milk
16 6,74-6,70 6,72 16 6,68-6,64 6,66
17 6,69-6,65 6,68 17 6,63-6,58 6,61
18 6,64-6,58 6,62 18 6,57-6,52 6,55
19 6,57-6,52 6,55 19 6,51-6,46 6,49
20 6,51-6,46 6,49 20 6,45-6,40 6,43
21 6,45-6,40 6,43 21 6,39-6,35 6,37
22 6,39-6,35 6,37 22 6,34-6,30 6,32
23 6,34-6,30 6,32 23 6,29-6,24 6,26
24 6,29-6,24 6,25 24 6,23-6,19 6,21
Ultrasonic milk analyser
6. Replacing the pH electrode
Fig. 12 pH sensor and holder assembly
During transportation the pH sensor holder and sensor itself are packed
separately. In order to place it in working position, follow the sequence:
1. Using the screws, attach the pH sensor holder on the side of the analyser
as shown on Fig. 12.
2. Tighten the screws.
3. Put the electrode in the holder.
Follow the instructions for рН measuring.
7. PH measuring.
Measuring pH is an additional feature of the analyser and is optional.
Remove the protective rubber cap of the pH electrode. Take care to handle it
appropriate in order not to be damaged. Use de-ionized or distilled water to
rinse the electrode before usage. Fill in the sample holder with milk, put it in
the recess of the analyser and dip the pH electrode into the milk sample,
ensuring complete dip of the electrode in the sample. Stir gently for
homogenization of the sample.
Measuring can be done in two modes:
Off line by starting the menu pH & Co Meter | Measuring, when the
analyser works only as a pH meter.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
On line automatic pH measuring, when measuring the rest of the sample’s
parameters.
When starting work with рН meter first connect the probe/sensor, and then
the power supply of the device.
Having in mind the characteristics of the process of pH measuring it is
necessary to dip the рН probe in the sample and then to press the button
Enter.
After starting the menu pH & Co Meter the following message appears on
the display:
pH Calibration
pH Measuring
pH En/Disable
pH U Display
------------------------pH Test
Co Meter Calibr
Co Meter Test
Co Meter En/Dis
------------------------Exit
8. pH Calibration.
Serves for calibrating the pH meter. For that purpose use 2 standard buffers,
shown on the display as Low buffer (for example 5.00 pH) and High buffer
(for example 7.00 pH). The procedure is following:
1. Start menuCalibration.
2. Put the pH probe in Low buffer.
3. By pressing the buttons of the analyser enter the exact buffer value. The
display shows:
pH Calibr
Put Izopot buff
Buf=xx.xxx
Ultrasonic milk analyser
4. Input the buffer value when the probe is in its isopotential point and with
which our probes are accompanied with.
Then the display shows:
pH Calibr
Put Izopot buff
Buf=xx.xxx
V=x.xxxV Set
Where x.xxx is measured by the probe voltage.
5. After the readings calm down, the operator has to press the button below
the inscription Set.
6. Repeat the procedure with Next buffer.
The following is displayed:
pH Calibr OK
This means that the procedure for analyser calibration was successfully
completed.
7. pH measuring mode is started automatically.
8. Check calibration correctness by measuring buffer solution 7.00.
9. pH Measuring.
After starting this menu the measurement is done in mode off line, i.e. the
analyser works only as a pH meter. The operator has to dip the probe in the
sample and on the display the following is shown:
pH measuring
x.xxxV
y.yy pH
Exit
Where:
x.xxx – measured by the probe voltage
y.yyy – measured probe’s pH
Ultrasonic milk analyser
By pressing the button Exit, the operator may exit the program and to pass
towards another menu.
10. pH En/Disable
Serves for enabling/disabling the pH measuring during normal work of the
analyser - On line. After starting it the display shows:
pH Measuring
XXX
No OK Yes
Where:
XXX is the current situation of the working mode. By pressing the buttons
below the corresponding inscriptions it could be changed, as Yes – means
that during normal work of the analyser – measuring the rest of the
parameters, pH will also be measured. If No is chosen, then pH is not
measured.
11. pH U Display
Serves for allowing/forbidding the value of the pH probe voltage during pH
parameter measuring. After starting it the display shows:
PHUDisplay
XXX
No OK Yes
Where XXX is the current state of the displaying mode. By pressing the
buttons below the inscriptions it could be changed, as Yes – means that
during pH measuring the voltage of the pH probe will be shown.
If No is chosen, it will not be shown. It refers to both of the measuring modes.
12. pH test
serves for testing the measuring system in production mode.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
APPENDIX 4 CONDUCTIVITY MEASURING (ONLY FOR
DEVICES WITH EMBEDDED FUNCTION)
1. Method of determination.
Conductivity (or Electrolytic Conductivity) is defined as the ability of a
substance to conduct electrical current. It is the reciprocal of the resistance.
In a healthy animal*, the mean value of electric conductivity is:
Milk type Conductivity values
Cow milk between 4 to 6 mS/cm (18°C);
Sheep milk between 3 to 5 mS/cm (18°C);
Buffalo between 2,5 to 5 mS/cm (18°C);
*These values depend on the geographical region, the breed and on other
factors.
Milk conductivity changes on the concentration of ions in the milk:
Added water, sugar,
proteins, insoluble
solids
Added salts Increase the ion's concentration. Milk conductivity
Significantly extreme
value (6,5 - 13,00
mS/cm (18°C)
Decrease the ion's concentration. Milk conductivity
decreases.
increases. Often the milk is falsified by adding salt:
towards milk with good characteristics: fat 4%,
SNF 8,8, conductivity 4,5 are added salt and
water. Then the results are changed to 3,2 and
8,8, conductivity 10. In other words adding water
regulates the increased value of SNF and density
till normal (within the boundaries/parameters) and
even the fat is normal. By the values of these
parameters may be determined if the sample is
falsified, but the only characteristic, proving this is
conductivity, which is out of boundaries
nevertheless added water. But be careful, as the
falsification is not the only possible reason for
conductivity increasing. The other possibility is
mastitis that’s why we recommend using another
(chemical) method for checking it.
Should indicate the development of mastitis.
Infections damage the tissue of the udder. This
allows sodium and chlorine ions from the blood to
Ultrasonic milk analyser
be released into the milk. The concentration of
ions in the milk is thereby raised, and it can more
easily conduct an electrical current - the
conductivity of the milk increases.
Milk conductivity can be used as tests for degree of water evaporation in
condense milk production.
Milk conductivity change notifies of powder (dry) milk solution rate.
2. Conductivity measurement
Conductivity measurement is additional possibility of the analyser and is
delivered on customers request/
3. Co Meter Calibr
Serves for conductivity measuring system calibration. Clean the analyser
before starting conductivity measurement. (see p. 4.1). You need a standard
buffer with conductivity 5.02[mS/cm] (you may order it for delivery together
o
with the analyser), with temperature 18
С. After starting this mode, the
analyser makes preparation for measurement and when it is ready, the
following message is displayed:
Co Meter Cal
Put 5.02 buff
and press Enter
to start
The operator has to put the buffer and to start the measurement. The
following message appears on the display:
Measurement
started
Wait please
The buffers' temperature is indicated during measurement. After finishing the
measurement the following message appears on the display:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Co Pass 1/5=xxxx
Put new sample
and press Enter
to start
Where xxxx is the result from the first calibration measurement. The operator
have to put a new buffer, N.B. do not use one and the same buffer more than
once! Then start the next measurement. This procedure has to be repeated 5
times. At the end the following message appears on the display:
Cond Meter
Calibr= xxxx
Switch Off/On
Now the operator has to switch off the power supply of the analyser. After
switching it on again, the analyser has to be cleaned again with water, which
ends the calibration of the conductivity measurement system calibration.
Note:
Another possibility for calibration of analyzer’s conductivity measurement
function.
You need conductivity meter. First measure milk with normal acidity with
conductivity meter and use it as sample for calibrating the analysers
conductivity measurement function.
4. Co Meter Test.
Serves for testing the working mode of the milk's sample conductivity
measurement system. It is used in the production conditions. After this menu
is chosen, the analyser executes the procedure for sample's measurement
and the display shows the data, used for obtaining the samples conductivity.
Co Meter Test
CoADC= xxxx
Power Off - Stop
5. Co Meter En/Dis.
Enables or disables the conductivity measurement system. The following
message appears on the display:
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Cond Measuring
Yes
No OK
Yes
6.Corrections in conductivity measurement
It is done by starting the menu Corrections -> Cond measure. You have the
possibility to increase/decrease the measured conductivity value from – 1.00
till +1.00, with step 0.01. After starting this function the display shows the
following:
Con Meter
-1.0<=Corr>=1.0
Co Corr=+0.00
Edit – Up/Down
The cursor is positioned below the +. By using buttons Up/Down, the
operator has the possibility to change the value (number). By pressing the
button Enter, the operator confirms the chosen value and moves to the next
position for editing it. After the last position is edited, if the correction value is
within allowed boundaries, the following is displayed: Co Corr Saved, which
means, that the correction is entered and saved. On the contrary – it returns
at the beginning and expects valid correction.
7. Conductivity calibration buffer preparation
In order a standard buffer for conductivity measuring to be prepared follow
the instruction below:
1. Take the packet with the powder buffer.
2. Carefully shake the packet in order to gather the powder at the bottom.
3. Cut one end of the packet.
4. Empty its content in a measuring mug with 1 l volume, paying attention
all its content to be emptied.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
For standard buffer: 5,02 ms – 3,556 г
5. Add 600-700 ml distilled water, which was preliminarily deaerated in
vacuum dryer or boiled and then cooled down to 20 ˚С.
6. Shake the mug till the powder is fully dissolved.
7. Add distilled water to the mark.
Ultrasonic milk analyser
Contents:
FUNCTION.......................................................................................................................................................................5
2. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS...................................................................................................................................6
2.1. WORKING MODES CHARACTERISTICS:........................................................................................................6
2.1.1. MEASUREMENT MODE MILK / DAIRY PRODUCT – FIRST TYPE ................................................................................6
2.1.2. MEASUREMENT MODE MILK / DAIRY PRODUCT – SECOND TYPE ............................................................................6
2.1.3. MEASUREMENT MODE MILK / DAIRY PRODUCT – THIRD TYPE ...............................................................................6
2.1.4. CLEANING.............................................................................................................................................................6
2.2. MEASURING RANGE:............................................................................................................................................7
2.3. ACCURACY:.............................................................................................................................................................8
2.4 CORRECT AMBIENT CONDITIONS:..................................................................................................................8
2.5. DIMENSIONS:..........................................................................................................................................................8
2.6. CONTINUOUS WORKING TIME:........................................................................................................................8
2.7 MILK SAMPLE VOLUME PER ONE MEASUREMENT:..................................................................................8
3. QUALIFICATION OF RAW MILK, THERMALLY TREATED MILK, OTHER DAIRY PRODUCTS AND
DERIVATIVES..............................................................................................................................................................14
3.1. TAKING SAMPLES AND PREPARATION FOR ANALYSES ........................................................................14
3.2. MAKING THE MEASUREMENT........................................................................................................................14
3.2.1. PREPARING THE ANALYSER FOR WORKING MODE ...............................................................................................14
3.2.2. MAKING ANALYSES ............................................................................................................................................15
3.2.3. DISPLAYING THE RESULTS ..................................................................................................................................16
4. CLEANING THE ANALYSER................................................................................................................................19
4.1. AUTOMATIC CLEANING THE ANALYSER...................................................................................................19
4.1.1. CURRENT CLEANING. .....................................................................................................................................20
4.1.2. END (FINAL) CLEANING.......................................................................................................................................22
4.2. PREPARATION OF CLEANING SOLUTION...................................................................................................25
4.2.1. PREPARATION OF ALKALINE CLEANING SOLUTION..............................................................................................25
4.2.2. PREPARATION OF ACIDIC CLEANING SOLUTION...................................................................................................25
4.3. WORKING WITH THE PERISTALTIC PUMPS ..............................................................................................26
FIG. 9 PERISTALTIC PUMPS....................................................................................................................................26
..........................................................................................................................................................................................26
FIG. 10 PERISTALTIC PUMP LS16...........................................................................................................................27
5. POSSIBLE MALFUNCTIONS AND ERROR MESSAGES, TROUBLESHOOTING .....................................28
6. MAKING CORRECTIONS AND RECALLIBRATION OF THE DEVICE.......................................................29
6.1. TAKING SAMPLES AND PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR CHECKING THE ACCURACY OF THE
MILK ANALYSER, MAKING CORRECTIONS AND RECALIBR A T ION..........................................................29
Ultrasonic milk analyser
6.2. DETERMINATION THE TYPE OF THE DISCREPANCY:............................................................................29
6.2.1. MAKING MEASUREMENTS...................................................................................................................................29
6.2.2. ANALYZING THE MEASUREMENT RESULTS..........................................................................................................29
6.3. MAKING CORRECTIONS...................................................................................................................................30
6.3.1. POSSIBLE CORRECTIONS, LIMITS AND CHANGING STEPS......................................................................................30
6.3.2. PREPARING THE ANALYSER FOR MODE CORRECTIONS ........................................................................................30
6.3.3. MAKING CORRECTION.........................................................................................................................................31
6.4. RECALIBRATING THE MILK ANALYSER.....................................................................................................33
6.4.1. RUNNING THE ANALYSER IN MODE RECALIBRATE ..............................................................................................33
6.4.2. MAKING RECALIBRATION ...................................................................................................................................34
7. STARTING THE DEVICE IN A SERVICE TEST/SETUP OPERATIONAL MODE. MENUS
DESIGNATION..............................................................................................................................................................39
7.1. STARTING THE DEVICE IN A SERVICE TEST/SETUP OPERATIONAL MODE....................................39
7.2. MENUS FUNCTION:.............................................................................................................................................40
7.2.1. SPECIAL MODES..................................................................................................................................................40
7.2.2. CORRECTIONS.....................................................................................................................................................40
7.2.3. SETTINGS............................................................................................................................................................41
7.2.4. TESTS..................................................................................................................................................................47
7.2.5. PH METER & CO METER......................................................................................................................................47
7.2.6. EXIT....................................................................................................................................................................47
7.2.7. MILK ANALYSERS’ SETUP MENU STRUCTURE......................................................................................................48
8. ENTERING DATA WITH THE KEYPAD AND PRINTING OUT THE RESULTS.........................................51
8.1. WORKING WITH THE KEYPAD.................................................................................................................................51
8.2. WORKING WITH THE PRINTER ................................................................................................................................52
8.2.1. Basic printer characteristics.........................................................................................................................52
8.2.2. Consequence of actions when printing..........................................................................................................54
9. ADDITIONAL POSSIBILITIES OF THE ANALYSER........................................................................................55
9.1. CONNECTING TO 12 V DC POWER SUPPLY.................................................................................................55
9.2. CONNECTING TO IBM PC..................................................................................................................................55
9.3. CONNECTING ADDITIONAL SERIAL PRINTER (OPTION).......................................................................55
9.4. CONNECTING MATRIX PRINTER (OPTION)................................................................................................55
9.5. CONNECTING AND WORKING WITH EXTERNAL KEYPAD (O PTIO N )................................................55
9.6. MEASURING HIGH FAT SAMPLES (OPTION)...............................................................................................57
9.7. WORKING WITH EMBEDDED ACCUMULATOR (OPTION)......................................................................58
9.8. AUTOMATIC WEIGHTING THE MILK WITH SCALES (OPTION)...........................................................59
9.8.1. PREPARATION FOR WORK AND CHECKING THE SCALES .......................................................................................59
9.8.2. WEIGHTING DELIVERED MILK.............................................................................................................................59
9.8.3. CONTROL OPTIONS WHEN WORKING WITH SCALES..............................................................................................61
9.9. WORKING WITH EMBEDDED REPORT SYSTEM FOR GENERATING AND MAKING REPORTS –
REPORT SYSTEM (OPTION).....................................................................................................................................62
9.9.1.SETUP MENU STRUCTURE.....................................................................................................................................63
9.9.2. BASIC TERMS......................................................................................................................................................63
9.9.3. MENUS’ DESCRIPTION:........................................................................................................................................64
9.9.4. REPORT OPTIONS:...............................................................................................................................................66
Ultrasonic milk analyser
9.10. EMBEDDED REAL TIME CLOCK (OPTION)..............................................................................................................70
APPENDICES.............................................................................................................................................................72
APPENDIX 1: EASY CALIBRATION OF THE MILK ANALYSER BY CALCULATING THE BASIC
PARAMETERS VIA FORMULAS..............................................................................................................................72
1. DETERMINATION SOME OF THE PARAMETERS BY FORMULAS............................................................72
2. SNF DETERMINATION...............................................................................................................................................72
3. DETERMINATION OF LACTOSE CONTENT ...................................................................................................................73
4. DETERMINATION OF SALTS CONTENT........................................................................................................................73
5. DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PROTEINS CONTENT .......................................................................................................74
APPENDIX 2 FREEZING POINT DETERMINATION...........................................................................................75
1. METHODS FOR DETERMINATION. ..............................................................................................................................75
2. THE BASIC FREEZING POINT. .....................................................................................................................................75
APPENDIX 3 PH MEASURING (ONLY FOR DEVICES WITH EMBEDDED FUNCTION).............................78
1. GENERAL INFORMATION...........................................................................................................................................78
2. PH ELECTRODE.........................................................................................................................................................78
2.1. ELECTRODE PART..............................................................................................................................................78
2.2. ELECTRODE CARE & ELECTRODE MAINTENANCE................................................................................78
2.3. STORAGE................................................................................................................................................................78
2.4. AFTER USE.............................................................................................................................................................78
2.5. ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT (FOR REFILLABLE ELECTRODE ONLY)........................................79
2.6. NEW ELECTROLYTE PREPARATION:...........................................................................................................79
2.7. RE-USE THE ELECTRODE.................................................................................................................................79
2.8. ELECTRODE CLEANING....................................................................................................................................79
2.9. ELECTRODE ACTIVATION...............................................................................................................................80
2.10. REJUVENATION PROCEDURE.......................................................................................................................80
2.11. ELECTRODE LIFESPAN ...................................................................................................................................80
3. BUFFER SOLUTIONS..................................................................................................................................................81
4. PH ELECTRODE CALIBRATION ..................................................................................................................................81
5. PH HELPFUL HINTS ...................................................................................................................................................82
6. REPLACING THE PH ELECTRODE..........................................................................................................................84
7. PH MEASURING.........................................................................................................................................................84
8. pH Calibration....................................................................................................................................................85
9. pH Measuring. ....................................................................................................................................................86
10. pH En/Disable...................................................................................................................................................87
11. pH U Display ....................................................................................................................................................87
12. pH test...............................................................................................................................................................87
APPENDIX 4 CONDUCTIVITY MEASURING (ONLY FOR DEVICES WITH EMBEDDED FUNCTION)...88
1. METHOD OF DETERMINATION..........................................................................................................................88
2. CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT......................................................................................................................89
3. CO METER CALIBR................................................................................................................................................89
4. CO METER TEST.....................................................................................................................................................90
Ultrasonic milk analyser
5. CO METER EN/DIS..................................................................................................................................................90
6.CORRECTIONS IN CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT...................................................................................91
7. CONDUCTIVITY CALIBRATION BUFFER PREPARATION..........................................................................91
CONTENTS:...................................................................................................................................................................93
Ultrasonic milk analyser
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