Kyoritsu Electrical Instruments 6016 User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

MULTI-FUNCTION TESTER

KEW 6016

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CONTENTS

1. Safe Testing ............................................................................................................. 1

2. Instruments Layout .................................................................................................. 3

3. Accessories ............................................................................................................. 5

4. Features .................................................................................................................. 6

5. Specification ............................................................................................................ 8

5.1 Measurement Specification .............................................................................. 8

5.2 Operating error ............................................................................................... 11

5.3 General Specification ..................................................................................... 13

5.4 Applied standards ........................................................................................... 14

5.5 List of Display Message ................................................................................. 15

6. Configuration ......................................................................................................... 16

7. Continuity(resistance) tests ................................................................................... 17

7.1 Test procedure ............................................................................................... 17

7.2 2Ω Buzzer ..................................................................................................... 19

8. Insulation tests ...................................................................................................... 20

8.1.1 The nature of insulation resistance ............................................................. 20

8.1.2 Capacitive current ....................................................................................... 20

8.1.3 Conduction current ...................................................................................... 21

8.1.4 Surface leakage current .............................................................................. 21

8.1.5 Total leakage current ................................................................................... 21

8.2 Damage to voltage sensitive equipment ........................................................ 22

8.3 Preparation for measurement ........................................................................ 23

8.4 Insulation resistance measurement ............................................................... 23

9. LOOP/PSC/PFC test ............................................................................................. 26

9.1 Principles of measurement of fault loop impedance and PFC ....................... 26

9.2 Principles of measurement of line impedance and PSC ................................ 31

9.3 Operating instructions for LOOP and PSC/PFC ............................................ 32

9.3.1 Initial Checks ............................................................................................... 32

9.3.2 Measurement of LOOP and PSC/PFC ........................................................ 34

10. RCD tests .............................................................................................................. 37

10.1 Principles of RCD Measurement .................................................................. 37

10.2 Principles of Uc Measurement ..................................................................... 39

10.3 Operating Instructions for RCD .................................................................... 39

10.3.1 Initial Checks ............................................................................................. 39

10.3.2 RCD Measurement ................................................................................... 41

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11. Earth tests ............................................................................................................. 43

11.1 Principles of Earth Measurement ................................................................. 43

11.2 Earth resistance Measurement .................................................................... 43

12. Phase Rotation tests ............................................................................................. 45

13. Volts ....................................................................................................................... 46

14. Touch Pad ............................................................................................................. 46

15. Back Light ............................................................................................................. 46

16. Memory Function .................................................................................................. 47

16.1 How to save the data ................................................................................... 47

16.2 Recall the saved data ................................................................................... 49

16.3 Delete the saved data .................................................................................. 50

16.4 Transfer the stored data to PC ..................................................................... 52

17. General ................................................................................................................. 53

18. Battery replacement .............................................................................................. 54

19. Fuse replacement ................................................................................................. 54

20. Servicing ............................................................................................................... 55

21. Case and strap assembly ...................................................................................... 56

The KEW6016 incorporates Anti Trip Technology (ATT) which electronically bypasses

RCDs when performing loop impedance tests. This saves time and money by not having

to take the RCD out of the circuit during testing and is a safer procedure to follow.

With the ATT function enabled , a test of 15mA or less is applied between line & earth.

It enables loop impedance measurements without tripping RCDs rated at 30mA and

above.

Please read this instruction manual carefully before using this equipment.

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1. SAFE TESTING

Electricity is dangerous and can cause injury and death. Always treat it with the

greatest of respect and care. If you are not quite sure how to proceed, stop and

take advice from a qualified person.

1 This instrument must only be used by a competent and trained person and operated

in strict accordance with the instructions. KYORITSU will not accept liability for any
damage or injury caused by misuse or non-compliance with the instructions or with
the safety procedures.

2 It is essential to read and to understand the safety rules contained in these

instructions. They must always be observed when using the instrument.

3 This instrument is designed to work in distribution systems where the line to earth

has a maximum voltage of 300V 50/60Hz and for some ranges where line to line

has a maximum voltage of 500V 50/60Hz.
Be sure to use it within this rated voltage.
For use in the continuity testing and insulation testing modes this instrument must

be used ONLY on circuits which are de-energized.

4 When conducting tests do not touch any exposed metalwork associated with the

installation. Such metalwork may become live for the duration of the test.
5 Never open the instrument case (except for fuse and battery replacement and in

this case disconnect all leads first) because dangerous voltages are present. Only

fully trained and competent electrical engineers should open the case. If a fault

develops, return the instrument to your distributor for inspection and repair.
6 If the overheat symbol appears in the display disconnect the instrument from the

mains supply and allow to cool down.
7 If abnormal conditions of any sort are noted (such as a faulty display, unexpected

readings, broken case, cracked test leads, etc) do not use the tester and return it to

your distributor for repair.
8 For safety reasons only use accessories (test leads, probes, fuses, cases, etc)

designed to be used with this instrument and recommended by KYORITSU. The

use of other accessories is prohibited as they are unlikely to have the correct safety

features.
9 When testing, always be sure to keep your fingers behind the finger guards on the

test leads.
10 During testing it is possible that there may be a momentary degradation of the

reading due to the presence of excessive transients or discharges on the electrical

system under test. Should this be observed, the test must be repeated to obtain a

correct reading. If in doubt, contact your distributor.

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11 Do not operate the function selector while the instrument is connected to a circuit.

If, for example, the instrument has just completed a continuity test and an insulation

test is to follow, disconnect the test leads from the circuit before moving the selector

switch.

12 Do not rotate rotary switch when test button is depressed. If the function switch is

inadvertently moved to a new function when the test button is depressed or in lock-

down position the test in progress will be halted.

13 Always check the test lead resistance before carrying out tests. This ensures the

leads are ok before taking measurements. The resistance of leads and/or crocodile

clips may be significant when measuring low resistances. If crocodile clips can be

avoided for low resistance measurements, this will reduce the error due to lead

accessories

14 When carrying out Insulation Resistance tests, always release the test button and

wait for charged capacitances to totally discharge before removing the test leads

from the test circuit.

2

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2. INSTRUMENT LAYOUT

(1)

(

(

(

(

(6)

)

)

(9)

2)

3)

4)

5)

Name Operation

(7

(8

Fig.1

(1) Back Light Button Switches on/off the Backlight of the Display(LCD)

(2) Test Button Starts measurements. (press and rotate for lock

down feature)

(3) Touch Pad Checks the electrical potential at the PE terminal

(4) Power Switch Power Switch

(5) Function Switch Function setting (F1 ~ F4)

(6) Display (LCD) Dot Matrix LCD 160(W)X240(H)

(7) Insulation resistance LED Alerts that the test voltage is being output

(8) Rotary Switch Selects measurement functions.

(9) MEM (ESC) Button Activates Memory Function, or ESC Key

3

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Input Terminal

(

(

(3)

(4)

1)

2)

Function Terminal

Terminal Names for :

INSULATION,

CONTINUITY

LOOP,

(1)

PFC/PSC,

RCD,

VOLTS

Fig.2

L : Line

PE : Protective Earth

N : Neutral (for LOOP,PSC/PFC, RCD)

L1 : Line1

Terminal Name for

(2)

PHASE ROTATION

Terminal Name for

(3)

EARTH

(4) Optical Adapter Communication port for Model8212USB

L2 : Line2

L3 : Line3

H(C) : Terminal for auxiliary earth spike (current)

E : Terminal for the earth under test

S(P) : Terminal for auxiliary earth spike (potential)

4

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3. Accessories

Blue(Neutral)

Red(Line)

Auxiliary Earth Spikes x2

1.Main Test Lead (Model7218A)

2.Remote Test Lead (Model 7196A)

Fig.4

3.Distribution Board fused test lead (Model7188A)
(Fuse: 10A/600V fast acting ceramic)

Fig.5

4. Earth Tests Lead(Model7228A) and Auxiliary Earth Spikes

Fig.3

Red(Line or L1)

Green(Protective Earth or L2)

Blue(Neutral or L3)

Red H(C) 20m

Green(Protective Earth)

Green E 5m

Yellow S(P)10m

Fig.6

5.Test Lead Carry pouch･･･x1

6.Carrying Bag･･･x1

7.Instruction Manual･･･x1

8.Shoulder Strap･･･x1

9.Buckle･･･x2

10.Battery･･･x8

11.Model8212USB with PC Software KEW Report.

Fig.8 Model8212 USB

Fig.7

5

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4. FEATURES

The KEW6016 Multi-Function tester performs eight functions in one instrument.

1 Continuity tester

2 Insulation resistance tester

3 Loop impedance tester

4 Prospective short circuit current tester

5 RCD tester

6 Voltage tester

7 Phase rotation tester

8 Earth tester

Continuity function has the following features:

Live circuit warning Live Circuit warning on the display.

Fuse Protection Continuity Function has a fuse protection function to

prevent a fuse blow at live working. With this function,

a fuse rarely blow while measuring continuity on live

conductors.

Continuity Null Allows automatic subtraction of test lead resistance from

continuity measurements.

Continuity 2Ω Buzzer Buzzer sounds at 2Ω or less at Continuity function.

(Switchable on or off)

Insulation function has the following features:

Live circuit warning Live Circuit warning on the display.

Auto discharge Electric charges stored in capacitive circuits are

discharged automatically after testing by releasing the test

button.

Insulation Resistance LED

LED lights up while making measurements at Insulation

function and alerts that test voltage is being output.

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Loop impedance, PSC/PFC and RCD testing functions have the following features:

Wiring check Three Wiring symbols indicate if the wiring of the circuit

under test is correct.

Over temperature protection

Phase angle selector The test can be selected from either the positive (0° )

UL value selector Select UL (limit of contact voltage) 25V or 50V. Where Uc

ALL testing functions have the following

Touch Pad Gives an alert, when touching the Touch Pad, while the

Memory Function Save the measured data in the internal memory.

The data can be edited on a PC by using Communication

Auto power off Automatically switches the instrument off after a period of

Detects overheating of the internal resistor (used for

LOOP and PSC/PFC tests) and of the current control

MOS FET (used for RCD tests) displaying a warning

symbol and automatically halting further measurements.

or from the negative (180° ) half cycle of voltage. This

selector is used in the RCD mode to obtain the maximum

trip time of an RCD for the test selected.

(contact voltage) exceeds UL value at RCD testing, Uc >
UL will be displayed without starting the measurement.

PE terminal is connected to Line by mistake.

Adapter Model8212USB and PC Software KEW Report.

approximately 10 minutes. The Auto power off mode can

only be cancelled by switching the instrument on again.

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5. Specification

5.1 Measurement Specification

Continuity

Open Circuit
Voltage (DC)

5V±20%(*1)

2Ω Buzzer : Buzzer sounds when measured resistance is 2Ω or less.
2Ω Buzzer Accuracy : 2Ω±0.4Ω

(*1) Voltages are output when measurement resistance is under 2100 ohm.

Insulation Resistance

Open Circuit
Voltage (DC)

250V+25% -0%

500V+25% -0%

1000V+20% -0%

Short Circuit

Current

Greater than

200mA

Rated Current Range Accuracy

1mA or greater

@ 250kΩ

1mA or greater

@ 500kΩ

1mA or greater

@ 1MΩ

Range Accuracy

20/200/2000Ω

Auto-Ranging

20/200MΩ

Auto-Ranging

20/200/2000MΩ

Auto-Ranging

20/200/2000MΩ

Auto-Ranging

0~0.19Ω ±0.1Ω

0.2~2000Ω ±(2%rdg+8dgt)

0~19.99MΩ:

20~200MΩ:

0~199.9MΩ:

200~2000MΩ:

±(2%rdg+6dgt)

±(5%rdg+6dgt)

±(2%rdg+6dgt)

±(5%rdg+6dgt)

Loop Impedance

Function

L-PE

L-PE

(ATT)

L-N / L-L

*2: at 230V

*3: 230V+10%-15%

*4: voltages except for *3

Rated

Voltage

100~260V

50/60Hz

100~260V

50/60Hz

50/60Hz

L-N:100~300V

L-L:300~500V

Nominal Test Current
at 0Ω External Loop:

Magnitude/Duration(*2)

20Ω: 6A/20ms

200Ω: 2A/20ms

2000Ω: 15mA/500ms

L-N: 6A/60ms

N-PE: 10mA/approx. 5s

20Ω: 6A/20ms 20Ω

8

Range Accuracy

20/200/2000Ω

Auto-Ranging

20/200/2000Ω

Auto-Ranging

(L-N < 20Ω)

±(3%rdg+4dgt) *3
±(3%rdg+8dgt) *4

±(3%rdg+6dgt) *3
±(3%rdg+8dgt) *4

±(3%rdg+4dgt) *3
±(3%rdg+8dgt) *4

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PSC (L-N/L-L) / PFC (L-PE)

Function

Rated

Voltage

Nominal Test Current
at 0Ω External Loop:

Magnitude/Duration(*5)

Range Accuracy

PSC

PFC

PFC

(ATT)

*5: at 230V

RCD

Function Rated Voltage

Ramp(◢) ±4% ± 10%

100~500V

50/60Hz

100~260V

50/60Hz

100~260V

50/60Hz

X1/2

X1 +2%~+8% 0%~+10%

X5 +2%~+8% 0%~+10%

Auto

230V+10%-15%

50/60Hz

Depending on the accuracy at each function.
Measurement sequence:
X1/2 0°→X1/2 180°→X1 0°→X1 180°→X5 0°→X5 180°
Measurements with x5 are not carried out for RCDs with nominal
current of 100mA or more.

6A/20ms

6A/20ms
2A/20ms

15mA/500ms

L-N: 6A/60ms

N-PE: 10mA/approx. 5s

Trip Current

AC Type A Type

-8%~-2% -10%~0%

2000A/20kA

Auto-Ranging

Accuracy

PSC/PFC

accuracy is

derived from

measured loop

impedance

specification and

measured voltage

specification

Trip Time

±(1%rdg+3dgt)

RCD(Uc)

Function Rated Voltage Range Test Current Accuracy

UC

230V+10%-15%

50/60Hz

100.0V

≦ 1/2I⊿n

(max150mA)

+5% ~ +15%rdg

±8dgt

9

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RCD Trip Current Duration

Function Type

X1/2

Trip

Current

Duration

(ms)

Earth

Measuring

Frequency

X1

X5

Ramp

(◢)

825Hz

RCD Trip Current Duration

10 30 100 300 500 1000

AC 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000

G

A 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 n.a

AC 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 n.a

S

A 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 n.a

AC 550 550 550 550 550 550

G

A 550 550 550 550 550 n.a

AC 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 n.a

S

A 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 n.a

AC 410 410 410 n.a n.a n.a

G

A 410 410 410 n.a n.a n.a

AC 410 410 410 n.a n.a n.a

S

A 410 410 410 n.a n.a n.a

AC

G

A n.a

AC

S

A n.a

Range Accuracy

20/200/2000Ω

Auto-Ranging

Goes up by 10% from 20% to 110%

300ms×10 times

Goes up by 10% from 20% to 110%

500ms×10 times

20Ω range : ±(3%rdg+0.1Ω)

200/2000Ω range : ±(3%rdg+3dgt)

(Auxiliary earth resistance 100±5%)

n.a

n.a

PHASE ROTATION

Rated Voltage Remarks

50-500V

50/60Hz

Volts

Function Rated voltage Measuring Range Accuracy

Volts

Frequency

Correct phase sequence: are displayed 1.2.3 and
Reversed phase sequence: are displayed 3.2.1 and

25~500V

45~65Hz

25~500V

45~65Hz

10

mark

mark

25~500V ±(2%rdg+4dgt)

45~65Hz ±(0.5%rdg+2dgt)

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Possible number of tests with fresh batteries.
Continuity :Approx. 2000 times min. at load 1Ω
Insulation Resistance :Approx. 1000 times min. at load 1MΩ (1000V)

LOOP/PFC/PSC :Approx. 1000 times min. (ATT)

RCD :Approx. 2000 times min. (G-AC X1 30mA)
EARTH :Approx. 1000 times min. at load 10Ω

VOLT/PHASE ROTATION :Approx. 50H

Reference Conditions

Ambient temperature 23±5℃

Relative humidity 45% to 75%

Nominal system voltage and frequency 230V, 50Hz

Altitude Less than 2000m

5.2 Operating error

Continuity (EN61557-4)

Operating range compliant with

EN61557-4 operating error

0.20~1999MΩ ±30%

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted as

follows;
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃

Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V

Maximum percentage

operating error

Insulation Resistance(EN61557-2)

Volt

250V 0.25~199.9MΩ

1000V 1.00~1999MΩ

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted as

follows;
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃

Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V

Operating range compliant with

EN61557-2 operating error

Maximum percentage

operating error

±30%500V 0.50~1999MΩ

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Loop Impedance(EN61557-3)

Volt

L-PE 0.50~1999Ω

L-N 0.50~19.99Ω

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted as

follows;
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃

Phase angle : At a phase angle 0° to 18°

System frequency : 49.5Hz to 50.5Hz

System voltage : 230V+10%-15%

Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V

Harmonics : 5% of 3rd harmonic at 0° phase angle

5% of 5th harmonic at 180° phase angle

5% of 7th harmonic at 0° phase angle

D.C quantity : 0.5% of the nominal voltage

RCD(EN61557-6)

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted as follows
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃

Operating range compliant with

EN61557-3 operating error

Function Operating error of trip current

X1/2 -10%~0%

X1, X5 0%~+10%

Ramp -10%~+10%

Maximum percentage

operating error

±30%

Earth electrode Resistance (shall not exceed below) :

IΔn (mA)

10 2000 2000

30 600 600

100 200 200

300 130 65

500 80 40

1000 40 20

System voltage: 230V+10%-15%

Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V

Earth electrode resistance (Ω max.)

UL50V UL25V

Table.1

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Earth Resistance (EN61557-5)

Operating range compliant with

EN61557-5 operating error

5.00~1999Ω ±30%

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted as

follows;
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃

Series interference voltage : 3V

Resistance of the probes and auxiliary
earth electrode resistance : 100 x RA, 50kΩ or less

Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V

5.3 General specification

Instrument dimensions 235 X 136 X 114mm

Instrument weight:- 1350g (including batteries.)

Reference conditions Specifications are based on the following

conditions except where otherwise stated:-

1. Ambient temperature: 23±5° C:

2. Relative humidity 45% to 75%

3. Position: horizontal

4. AC power source 230V, 50Hz

5. DC power source: 12.0 V, ripple content 1% or less

6. Altitude up to 2000m, Indoor use

Battery type Eight LR6 or R6 batteries.

Operating temperature

and humidity.

Storage temperature

and humidity

Display Dot Matrix LCD 160(W) X 240(H) pixels.

Overload protection The continuity test circuit is protected by a 0.5A/600V

0 to +40℃ , relative humidity 80% or less, no condensation

-20 to +60 ℃ , relative humidity 75% or less, no condensation.

fast acting (HRC) ceramic fuse mounted in the battery

compartment, where a spare fuse is also stored.

The insulation resistance test circuit is protected by a

resistor against 1000 V AC for 10 seconds.

Maximum percentage operating error

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5.4 Applied standards

Instrument operating Standard IEC/EN61557-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10

Safety standard IEC/EN 61010-1, 61010-2-030,

CATIII (300V) -Instrument

IEC/EN 61010-031

CATII (250V)-Test Lead Model7218A

CATIII (600V)-Test Lead Model7188A

CATIII (1000V)-Test Lead Model7196A

CATIII (300V)-Test Lead Model7228A

Protection degree IEC 60529 IP40

EMC EN 61326-1

EN 55022/24

RoHS EN 50581

This manual and product may use the following symbols adopted from International

Safety Standards;

CAT.III








Measurement category CAT III applies to;

Primary electrical circuits of the equipment connected directly to the

distribution panel, and feeders from the distribution panel to outlets.

Equipment protected throughout by DOUBLE INSULATION or

REINFORCED INSULATION;

Caution (refer to accompanying documents)

Caution, risk of electric shock

Protection against wrong connection is up to 500V

Earth Ground

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5.5 List of Display Message

Low battery warning

Temperature monitor for internal resistance, available at

Loop, PSC/PFC & RCD function. Further measurements are
suspended until the 

 symbol disappears.

Measuring Measurements in progress

Live Circuit Live circuit warning (Continuity / Insulation Function)

PE Hi V

L-N >20Ω

Noise

N - PE Hi V

Uc > UL

no

OK

Caution : Presence of 100V or more at PE terminal, appears

when touching the Touch Pad

Alert : Presence of 20Ω or more between Line - Neutral at ATT

measurement

Caution : Presence of noise in the circuit under test during ATT

measurement. ATT function should be disabled to continue

measurements.

Caution: Presence of high voltage between NEUTRAL - EARTH

during ATT measurement. ATT function should be disabled to

continue measurements.

Caution : Uc at RCD measurement is exceeding the preset UL

value (25 or 50V).

Error message : When on the RCD function, RCD tripped before
measuring RCD trip time. Selected IΔn value may not be

correct.

When on the LOOP, PSC/PFC function, supply may have been

interrupted.

Wiring check for LOOP, PSC/PFC function

Appears when all results passed during the RCD Auto Test

function.

× NO

R

Hi, RS Hi

H

Appears when any results failed during the RCD Auto Test

function.

Appears when a Probe resistance of H terminal (R

terminal (R

) at Earth measurement is exceeded the measurable

S

) or of S

H

range.

No 3-phase system Appears to indicate wrong connection at Phase Rotation check.

15

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6. Configuration

Fig.9

Setting for following three parameters

● UL value････････Selects a UL value for RCD function

● Touch Pad･･････Enables / disables Touch Pad function

● Back Light･･････ Selects Backlight ON / OFF. When ON is selected, the Backlight

automatically turns on at powering on the instrument.

● Language ･･････ Select and change the languages to be displayed.

Setting method

1. Press the Config Button
(F4) when powering on
KEW6016. (Fig.9)

KEW

6016

MULTI FUNCTION

TESTER

Config

Push

3. Press the F1 – F4 Button to change following setting.

Parameter Selection Initial value

F1 UL value 25V, 50V 50V

F2 Touch Pad ON, OFF ON

F3 Back Light ON, OFF OFF

F4 Language

EN, FR, PL,

IT, ES, RU, TR

EN

2. Then, Configuration
Screen (Fig.10) is
displayed.

Configuration

UL :

Touch Pad :

Back Light :

Language :

50V

ON

OFF

(EN)

Fig.10

EN: English
FR: French
IT : Italian
ES: Spanish
RU: Russian
PL: Polish
TR: Turkish

4. Press the ESC Button (

normal screen.

) when setting change is completed, and return to the

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7. CONTINUITY (RESISTANCE) TESTS

Fig.11

Fig.12

Re

WARNING



Ensure that circuits to be tested are not live.

Disconnect the instrument from the circuit under test before operating the

function switch.
To select the low resistance range select CONTINUITY.

7.1 Test Procedure

The object of continuity testing is to measure only the resistance of the parts of the

wiring system under test. This measurement should not include the resistance of any

test leads used. The resistance of the test leads needs to be subtracted from any

continuity measurement. The KEW6016 is provided with a continuity null feature which

allows automatic compensation for any test lead resistance.

You should only use the test leads supplied with the instrument.

Operation of Function Switch

F1 Switches on / off NULL function

Ω

NULL OFF

ON

F2 Switches on / off 2Ω buzzer

F3 N/A

F4 N/A

Proceed as follows:-

1 Select the continuity test by rotating the Rotary switch.

2 Insert the Test Leads to the L and PE terminal on KEW6016 respectively as shown in

Fig.12.

L terminal

Red cord of Model7188A, or

d

Green

Model7196A Remote Test Lead
PE terminal

Green cord of Model7188A

3 Connect the ends of the test leads firmly together (see Fig.13) and press and lock

down the test button. The value of the lead resistance will be displayed.

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Ω

Fig.13

Measuring

NULL

ON

Measuring
NULL

Ω

ON

4 Operate the Continuity Null (F1) button, this will null out the lead resistance and the

indicated reading should go to zero.

5 Release the test button. Press the test button and ensure the display reads zero

before proceeding. While using the Continuity null function, NULL

 is displayed

on the LCD as indicated in Fig.13. The null value will be stored even if the instrument

is powered off. This memorized null value can be cancelled by disconnecting the

test leads and pushing the Continuity Null button (F1) with the test button pressed or

locked. When this is cancelled you will know because NULL OFF is displayed on the

LCD.

CAUTION - before taking any measurements always check the leads have been

zeroed.

6 Connect the test leads to the circuit whose resistance is required (see Fig.14 for a

typical connection arrangement), having first made sure that the circuit is not live.
Note that Live Circuit warning will be displayed on the LCD if the circuit is live - but

check first anyway!

7 Press the test button and read the circuit resistance from the display. The reading

will have the test lead resistance already subtracted if the Continuity null function has

been used.

8 Note that if the circuit resistance is greater than 20Ω the instrument will autorange to

the 200Ω, if it is greater than 200Ω it will autorange to the 2000Ω range.

Note: If the reading is greater than 2000Ω the overange symbol > will remain

displayed.

WARNING



The results of measurements can be adversely affected by impedances of

additional operating circuits connected in parallel or by transient currents.

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PE

WATER

Fig.14 Example of continuity test for main equipotential bonding.

PE

MAIN EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING

Ω

NULL

ON

GAS

7.2 2Ω Buzzer ( ) function

Use F2 Button to enable / disable the 2Ω Buzzer. The buzzer sounds when measured
resistance is 2Ω or less while this function is enabled. The buzzer does not sound if it is

disabled.

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8. INSULATION TESTS

WARNING



Ensure that circuits to be tested are not live.

Disconnect the instrument from the circuit under test before operating the
function switch.
To select the insulation resistance range select INSULATION.

8.1.1 The nature of insulation resistance

Live conductors are separated from each other and from earth metal by insulation,
which has a resistance which is high enough to ensure that the current between
conductors and to earth is kept at an acceptably low level. Ideally insulation resistance
is infinite and no current should be able to flow through it. In practice, there will normally
be a current between live conductors and to earth, and this is known as leakage current.
This current is made up of three components, which are:-

1. capacitive current

2. conduction current, and

3. surface leakage current.

8.1.2 Capacitive Current

The insulation between conductors which have a potential difference between them
behaves as the dielectric of a capacitor, the conductors acting as the capacitor plates.
When a direct voltage is applied to the conductors, a charging current will flow to the
system which will die away to zero (usually in less than a second) when the effective
capacitor becomes charged. This charge must be removed from the system at the
end of the test, a function which is automatically performed by the KEW6016. If
an alternating voltage is applied between the conductors, the system continuously
charges and discharges as the applied voltage alternates, so that there is a continuous
alternating leakage current flowing to the system.

Fig.15

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8.1.3 Conduction Current

Fig.17

Since the insulation resistance is not infinite, a small leakage current flows through the

insulation between conductors. Since Ohm's Law applies, the leakage current can be

calculated from

Fig.16

8.1.4 Surface Leakage Current

Where insulation is removed, for the connection of conductors and so on, current will

flow across the surfaces of the insulation between the bare conductors. The amount of

leakage current depends on the condition of the surfaces of the insulation between the

conductors.

If the surfaces are clean and dry, the value of the leakage current will be very small.

Where the surfaces are wet and/or dirty, the surface leakage current may be significant.

If it becomes large enough, it may constitute a flashover between the conductors.

Whether this happens depends on the condition of the insulation surfaces and on the

applied voltage; this is why insulation tests are carried out at higher voltages than those

normally applying to the circuit concerned.

8.1.5 Total Leakage Current

The total leakage current is the sum of the capacitive, conduction and surface leakage

current described above. Each of the currents, and hence the total leakage current, is

affected by factors such as ambient temperature, conductor temperature, humidity and

the applied voltage.

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If the circuit has alternating voltage applied, the capacitive current (8.1.2) will always be
present and can never be eliminated. This is why a direct voltage is used for insulation
resistance measurement, the leakage current in this case quickly falling to zero so that it
has no effect on the measurement. A high voltage is used because this will often break
down poor insulation and cause flashover due to surface leakage (see 8.1.4), thus
showing up potential faults which would not be present at lower levels.
The insulation tester measures the applied voltage level and the leakage current
through the insulation. These values are internally calculated to give the insulation
resistance using the expression:-

As the capacitance of the system charges up, so the charging current falls to zero and a
steady insulation resistance reading indicates that the capacitance of the system is fully
charged. The system is charged to the full test voltage, and will be dangerous if left with
this charge. The KEW6016 provides an automatic path for discharging current as soon
as the test button is released to ensure that the circuit under test is safely discharged.
If the wiring system is wet and/or dirty, the surface leakage component of the leakage
current will be high, resulting in low insulation resistance reading. In the case of a very
large electrical installation, all the individual circuit insulation resistances are effectively
in parallel and the overall resistance reading will be low. The greater the number of
circuits connected in parallel the lower will be the overall insulation resistance.

8.2 Damage to Voltage-Sensitive Equipment

An increasing number of electronic-based items of equipment are being connected
to electrical installations. The solid state circuits in such equipment are likely to be
damaged by the application of the levels of voltage used to test insulation resistance. To
prevent such damage, it is important that voltage-sensitive equipment is disconnected
from the installation before the test is carried out and reconnected again immediately
afterwards. The devices which may need to be disconnected before the test include:-

● Electronic fluorescent starter switches

● Passive infra-red detectors (PIRs)

● Dimmer switches

● Touch switches

● Delay timers

● Power controllers

● Emergency lighting units

● Electronic RCDs

● Computers and printers

● Electronic point-of-sale terminals (cash registers)

● Any other device which includes electronic components.

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8.3 Preparation for measurement

Fig.18

Fig.19

Before testing, always check the following:­1 The low battery Indication is not displayed

2 There is no visually obvious damage to the tester or to the test leads

3 Test the continuity of the test leads by switching to continuity test and shorting out

the lead ends. A high reading will indicate that there is a faulty lead or that the fuse is

blown.

4 Make sure the circuit to be tested is not live. Live Circuit warning is displayed if

the instrument is connected to a live circuit but test the circuit as well!

Operation of Function Switch

F1 N/A

F2 N/A

F3 N/A

F4 Voltage setting

8.4 Insulation resistance measurement

The KEW6016 has three selectable test voltages of 250V, 500V and 1000V DC.

1 Select INSULATION function with the Rotary switch.

2. Press the VOLT Switch (F4) and select desirable voltage range.

3. Insert the Test Leads to the L and PE terminal on KEW6016 respectively as shown in

Fig.19.

L terminal

Red cord of Model7188A, or

Model7196A Remote Test Lead

PE terminal

Green cord of Model7188A

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4 Attach the test leads to the circuit or the appliance under test (see Figs 20 & 21)

Fig.20 Example of Insulation resistance test on 4 wire-3 phase system.

Fig.21

MΩ

1000V

5 If the Live Circuit warning is displayed on the LCD and/or the buzzer sounds, do

not press the test button but disconnect the instrument from the circuit. Make the

circuit dead before proceeding.

MΩ

1000V

6 Press the test button, the display will show the insulation resistance of the circuit or

the appliance to which the instrument is connected.

7 Note that if the circuit resistance is greater than 20MΩ, the instrument will autorange

to the 200MΩ range. If it is greater than 200MΩ at the 500V or 1000V range, it will
autorange to the 2000MΩ range.

8 When testing is complete release the test button before disconnecting the test leads

from the circuit or from the appliance. This will ensure that the charge built up by the

circuit or the appliance during insulation test is dissipated in the discharge circuit. In
the discharging process, Live Circuit warning will be displayed on the LCD and the

live circuit warning buzzer will sound.

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WARNING



● Never touch the circuit, test lead tips or the appliance under test during insulation

testing because high voltages exist.

CAUTION



● Never turn the Rotary switch while the test button is depressed as this may damage

the instrument.

● Always release the test button first after testing before removing the test leads from

the circuit. This is to ensure that charges stored in the circuit capacitance have been

totally discharged.

Note: If the reading measured greater than 2000MΩ (200MΩ at 250V) the over range

reading > will be displayed.

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9. LOOP/ PSC/PFC

Fig.22

9.1 Principles of measurement of fault loop impedance and PFC

If an electrical installation is protected by over-current protective devices including circuit

breakers or fuses, the earth loop impedance should be measured.

In the event of a fault the earth fault loop impedance should be low enough (and the

prospective fault current high enough) to allow automatic disconnection of the electrical

supply by the circuit protection device within a prescribed time interval. Every circuit

must be tested to ensure that the earth fault loop impedance value does not exceed that

specified or appropriate for the over-current protective device installed in the circuit. The

KEW6016 takes a current from the supply and measures the difference between the

unloaded and loaded supply voltages. From this difference it is possible to calculate the

loop resistance.

TT System

For a TT system the earth fault loop impedance is the sum of the following impedances;

● Impedance of the power transformer secondary winding.

● Impedance of the phase conductor resistance from the power transformer to the

location of the fault.

● The impedance of the protective conductor from the fault location to the earth

system.

● Resistance of the local earth system (R).

● Resistance of the power transformer earth system (Ro).

The figure below shows (dotted line) the Fault loop impedance for TT systems.

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According to the International Standard IEC 60364, for TT systems the characteristics of

the protective device and the circuit resistance shall fulfill the following requirements:

Ra x Ia ≤ 50V Where:

Ra is the sum of the resistances in Ω of the local earth system and the protective

conductor for the exposed conductive parts.

50 is the maximum safety touch voltage limit (it can be 25V in particular cases like

construction sites, agricultural premises, etc.).

Ia is the current causing the automatic disconnection of the protective device within the

maximum disconnecting times required by IEC 60364-41:

- 200 ms for final circuits not exceeding 32A (at 230 / 400V AC)

- 1000 ms for distribution circuits and circuits over 32A (at 230 / 400V AC)

The compliance with the above rules shall be verified by:

1) Measurement of the resistance Ra of the local earth system by Loop tester or Earth

tester.

2) Verification of the characteristics and/or the effectiveness of the RCD associated

protective device.

Generally in TT systems, RCDs shall be used as protective device and in this case, Ia
is the rated residual operating current I△n. For instance in a TT system protected by a

RCD the max Ra values are:

Rated residual operating current I△n 30 100 300 500 1000 (mA)

RA (with touch voltage of 50V) 1667 500 167 100 50 (Ω)

RA (with touch voltage of 25V) 833 250 83 50 25 (Ω)

Shown below is a practical example of verification of the protection by RCD in a TT

system according to the international Standard IEC 60364.

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Ω

F

ig.23

V

230

L - PE

50.0Hz

:ON

ATT

L-PE
L-N

!

For this example the max permissible value is 1667 Ω (RCD =30mA and contact
voltage limit of 50 V). The instruments reads 12.74 Ω, thus the condition RA ≤ 50/Ia

is respected. However, considering that the RCD is essential for protection, it must be

tested (Please refer to RCD TESTS section).

TN System

For TN systems the earth fault loop impedance is the sum of the following impedances.

● Impedance of the power transformer secondary winding.

● Impedance of the phase conductor from the power transformer to the location of the

fault.

● Impedance of the protective conductor from the fault location to the power

transformer.

The figure below shows (dotted line) the Fault loop impedance for TN systems.

Fig.24

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According to the International Standard IEC 60364, for TN system the characteristics of

the protective device and the circuit impedance shall fulfill the following requirement:

Zs x Ia ≤ Uo Where:

Zs is the Fault loop impedance in ohm.

Uo is the nominal voltage between phase to earth (typically 230V AC for both single

phase and three phase circuits).

Ia is the current causing the automatic disconnection of the protective device within the

maximum disconnecting times required by IEC 60364-41 that are:

- 400 ms for final circuits not exceeding 32A (at 230 / 400V AC)

- 5 s for distribution circuits and circuits over 32A (at 230 / 400V AC)

The compliance with the above rules shall be verified by:

1) Measurement of the fault loop impedance Zs by Loop tester.

2) Verification of the characteristics and/or the effectiveness of the associated protective

device. This verification shall be made:

- for circuit-breakers and fuses, by visual inspection (i.e. short time or instantaneous

tripping setting for circuit-breakers, current rating and type for fuses);

- for RCDs, by visual inspection and test using RCD testers recommending that the

disconnecting times mentioned above are met (Please see RCD TEST section).

For instance in a TN system with nominal mains voltage Uo = 230 V protected by

General purpose gG fuses or MCBs (Miniature Current Breakers) required by IEC 898 /

EN 60898, the Ia and max Zs values could be:

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Rating

Fig.25

(A)

Protection by gG fuses

with Uo of 230V

Disconnection

Disconnection

time 5s

Ia

Zs

(A)

(Ω)

time 0.4s

Ia

(A)

Zs

(Ω)

Protection by MCBs with Uo of 230V

(Disconnection time 0.4 and 5s)

CharacteristicBCharacteristicCCharacteristic

D

Ia

(A)

Zs

(Ω)

Ia

(A)Zs (Ω)

Ia

(A)

Zs

(Ω)

6 17 13.5 38 8.52 30 7.67 60 3.83 120 1.92

10 31 7.42 45 5.11 50 4.6 100 2.3 200 1.15

16 55 4.18 85 2.7 80 2.87 160 1.44 320 0.72

20 79 2.91 130 1.77 100 2.3 200 1.15 400 0.57

25 100 2.3 160 1.44 125 1.84 250 0.92 500 0.46

32 125 1.84 221 1.04 160 1.44 320 0.72 640 0.36

40 170 1.35 -- -- 200 1.15 400 0.57 800 0.29

50 221 1.04 -- -- 250 0.92 500 0.46 1000 0.23

63 280 0.82 -- -- 315 0.73 630 0.36 1260 0.18

80 403 0.57 -- --

100 548 0.42 -- --

The most complete loop testers or Multifunction testers also have the Prospective Fault

current measurement. In this case, Prospective Fault current measured with instruments

must be higher than the tabulated Ia of the protective device concerned.

Below is a practical example of verification of the protection by MCB in a TN system

according to the international Standard IEC 60364.

Ω

V

230

L-PE

50.0Hz

ATT

:ON

L-PE

L-N

!

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Max value of Zs for this example is 1.44 Ω (MCB 16A, characteristic C), the instrument

Fig.26

reads 1.14 Ω (or 202 A on Fault current range) it means that the condition

Zs x Ia ≤ Uo is respected.

In fact the Zs of 1.14 Ω is less than 1.44 Ω (or the Fault current of 202 A is more than Ia

of 160A).

In other words, in case of fault between phase and earth, the wall socket tested in this

example is protected because the MCB will trip within the disconnection time required.

9.2 Principles of the measurement of line impedance and PSC

The method for measuring Line – neutral impedance and line-line impedance is exactly

the same as for earth fault loop impedance measurement with the exception that the

measurement is carried out between line and neutral or line and line.

Prospective short circuit or fault current at any point within an electrical installation

is the current that would flow in the circuit if no circuit protection operated and a

complete (very low impedance) short circuit occurred. The value of this fault current

is determined by the supply voltage and the impedance of the path taken by the fault

current. Measurement of prospective short circuit current can be used to check that the

protective devices within the system will operate within safety limits and in accordance

with the safe design of the installation. The breaking current capacity of any installed

protective device should be always higher than the prospective short circuit current.

A

L-N

PSC

V

230

50.0Hz

L-PE

L-N

!

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9.3. Operating instructions for LOOP and PSC/PFC

Fig.27

Fig.28

Fig.29

9.3.1 Initial Checks: to be carried out before any testing

1. Preparation

Always inspect your test instrument and lead accessories for abnormality or damage:

If abnormal conditions exist DO NOT PROCEED WITH TESTING. Have the instrument

checked by your distributor.

Operation of Function Switch

LOOP

Switches measurement mode:

F1

L-PE or L-N/L-L

F2 ATT setting (on or off)

F3 N/A

F4 N/A

L-PE

ATT : ON

230V

50.0Hz

L-PE

L-N

!

Ω

PSC/PFC

Switches measurement mode:

F1

PFC or PSC

F2 ATT setting (on or off)

F3 N/A

F4 N/A

PFC

ATT

:ON

L-PE
230V

50.0Hz

L-PE

L-N

!

A

(1) Operate the Power button and turn on the instrument. Turn the Function switch and

set it to either the LOOP or PSC/PFC position.

(2) Insert the Test Lead into the instrument. (Fig.29)

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(3) Press the MODE switch(F1) and select L-N to measure Loop(L-N/L-L) or PSC

Fig.30

or select L-PE to measure earth loop impedance or PFC. Display changes

automatically as follows depending on the applied voltages while LOOP(L-N/L-L) or

PSC is selected.

(4) Pressing the ATT switch (F2) disables ATT mode. Then ATT OFF is displayed on

the LCD.

● ATT(Anti Trip Technology) is to measure LOOP resistances without tripping the

RCDs rated at 30mA or more. ATT ON is displayed while it is activated.

2. Wiring Check

After the connection, ensure that the symbols for Wiring check on the LCD are in the

status indicated in Fig.29 before pressing the test button.

If the status of the symbols for Wiring check differ from Fig.29 or
indicated on the LCD, DO NOT PROCEED AS THERE IS INCORRECT WIRING. The

cause of the fault must be investigated and rectified.

3. Voltage Measurement

When the instrument is first connected to the system, it will display the line-earth voltage

(MODE L-PE) or line-neutral voltage (MODE L-N/L-L) which is updated every 1s. If this

voltage is not normal or as expected, DO NOT PROCEED.

symbol is

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9.3.2 Measurement of LOOP and PSC/PFC

a. Measurement at Mains Socket Outlet

Connect the mains test lead to the instrument. Insert the moulded plug of mains test

lead into the socket to be tested. (see Fig.31)

Press MODE Switch (F1) and select L-N or PSC to measure between Line – Neutral,

or L-PE or PFC to measure between Line-PE.

Carry out the initial checks

Press the test button. A beep will sound as the test is conducted and the value of loop

impedance will be displayed.

b. Measurement at the distribution board

Connect the distribution board lead Model7188A to the instrument.

Measurement of Line – Earth Loop Impedance and PFC

Press the Mode Switch (F1) and select L-PE or PFC.

Connect the green PE lead of the Model7188A to the earth, the blue N lead to the

neutral of the distribution board and the brown L lead to one line of the distribution

board. (See Fig.32)

Measurement of Line – Neutral Loop Impedance and PSC

Press the Mode Switch (F1) and select L-N/L-L or PSC.

Connect the blue N lead of the Model7188A to the neutral of the distribution board,

the brown L lead to one line of the distribution board. (See Fig.33)

Carry out the initial checks

Press the test button. A beep will sound as the test is conducted and the value of loop

impedance will be displayed. When disconnecting from the distribution board, it is

good practice to disconnect the line first.

c. Measurement between LINE-LINE

Connect the distribution board lead Model7188A to the instrument.

Press the Mode Switch(F1) and select L-N/L-L or PSC.

Connect the blue N lead of the Model7188A to the line of the distribution board, the

brown L lead to another line of the distribution board. (See Fig.34)

Carry out the initial checks

Press the test button. A beep will sound as the test is conducted and the value of loop

impedance will be displayed.

● If the display shows '>' then this usually means the value measured exceeds the

range.

● ATT mode enables a measurement without tripping the RCDs with the rated residual

current of 30mA or more.

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● Measurement in ATT mode requires longer time than that is required for the other

Fig.31 Connection for using Outlet

measurements (approx. 7 sec). When measuring a circuit with a large electrical

noise, the 'Noise' Message is displayed on the LCD and the measurement time

will be extended to 20 sec. If the 'NOISE' symbol is displayed on the LCD, it is

recommended to disable the ATT mode and take a measurement (RCDs may trip).

● If an impedance of 20Ω or more is measured between L-N during measurements

with ATT enabled, L-N>20Ωis displayed on the LCD and no measurement can be

made. In this case, disable the ATT function and make measurement. When a large
contact voltage exists in the circuit under test,N-PE HiVis displayed on the LCD

and no measurement can be made. In this case, disable the ATT function and make

measurement. Be aware that if the ATT mode is disabled, RCDs may trip.

● Measured result may be influenced depending on the phase angle of the distribution

system when making measurement near a transformer and the result may lower than

the actual impedance value. Errors in measured result are as follows.

System Phase

Difference

Error

(approx.)

10° -1.5%

20° -6%

30° -13%

● ATT mode is automatically enabled after one measurement when making a

measurement with ATT mode disabled.

Ω

V

230

L-PE

50.0Hz

:ON

ATT

L-PE

L-N

!

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Fig.34 Connection for Line – Line measurement

PE

Ω

V

230

L-PE

50.0Hz

ATT

:ON

L-PE
L-N

!

Fig.32 Connection for distribution

A

L-N

PSC

V

230

50.0Hz

L-PE
L-N

!

Fig.33 Connection for Line – Neutral measurement

A

L-L

PSC

V

400

50.0Hz

L-PE

L-N

!

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10. RCD TESTS

10.1 Principles of RCD Measurement

The RCD tester is connected between phase and protective conductor on the load side

of the RCD after disconnecting the load.

A precisely measured current for a carefully timed period is drawn from the phase and

returns via the earth, thus tripping the device. The instrument measures and displays

the exact time taken for the circuit to be opened.

An RCD is a switching device designed for breaking currents when the residual current

attains a specific value. It works on the basis of the current difference between phase

currents flowing to different loads and returning current flowing through the neutral

conductor (for a single-phase installation). In the case where the current difference is higher

than the RCD tripping current, the device will trip and disconnect the supply from the load.

There are two parameters for RCDs; the first due to the shape of the residual current wave

form (types AC and A) and the second due to the tripping time (types G and S).

●

RCD type AC will trip when presented with residual sinusoidal alternating currents
whether applied suddenly or slowly rising. This type is the most frequently used on

electrical installations.

●

RCD type A will trip when presented with residual sinusoidal alternating currents

(similar to type AC) and residual pulsating direct currents (DC) whether suddenly

applied or slowly rising. This type of RCD is not commonly used at present, however,

it is increasing in popularity and is required by the local regulations in some countries.

Making measurement with setting uses pulsating direct currents for test.

● RCD type G. In this case G stands for general type (without tripping time delay) and

is for general use and applications.

●

RCD type S where S stands for selective type (with tripping time delay).This type of RCD

is specifically designed for installations where the time delay characteristic is required.

Given that when the protective device is an RCD, Ia is typically 5 times the rated
residual operating current I△n, then the RCD must be tested recommending the

tripping time, measured by RCD testers or Multifunction testers, shall be lower than the

maximum disconnecting times required in IEC 60364-41 (see also LOOP/PSC/PFC

section) that are:

TT system
(at 230V / 400V AC)

TN system
(at 230V / 400V AC)

200 ms for final circuits not exceeding 32A

1000 ms for distribution circuits and circuits over 32A

400 ms for final circuits not exceeding 32A

5 s for distribution circuits and circuits over 32A

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However it is also good practice to consider even more stringent trip time limits, by following

Fig.35

Fig.36

the standard values of trip times at I△n defined by IEC 61009 (EN 61009) and IEC 61008
(EN 61008). These trip time limits are listed in the table below for IΔn and 5I△n:

Type of RCD IΔn 5IΔn

General(G)

Selective(S)

300ms

max allowed value

500ms

max allowed value

130ms

min allowed value

40ms

max allowed value

150ms

max allowed value

50ms

min allowed value

Examples of instrument connections

Practical example of 3-phase + neutral RCD test in a TT system.

ms

L-PE

×1

230V

50.0Hz

30 mA

V

UL50

L-PE
L-N

!

PHASE : 0

°

Practical example of single phase RCD test in a TN system.

ms

L-PE

×1

230V

50.0Hz

30 mA

V

UL50

L-PE

L-N

!

PHASE : 0°

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Practical example of RCD test with distribution leads.

Fig.37

Fig.38

PE

ms

L-PE

×1

230V

50.0Hz

30 mA

V

UL50

L-PE
L-N

!

PHASE : 0

°

10.2 Principles of Uc Measurement

Ground being imperfect in the Fig35, when R exists, when a fault current flows to R,

electric potential occurs. There is a possibility the person contacting in this imperfect

ground, it calls the voltage, which it occurs in the human body of this time, called Uc.
When with the Uc Test letting flow IΔN to the RCD, the Uc is calculated.
Uc voltage is calculated based on the Rated Residual Current (I△N) with the

impedance measured.

10.3 Operating Instructions for RCD

10.3.1 Initial Checks: to be carried out before any testing;

1. Preparation

Always inspect your test instrument and lead accessories for abnormality or damage:

If abnormal conditions exist DO NOT PROCEED WITH TESTING. Have the instrument

checked by your distributor.

Operation of Function Switch

L-PE

×1 ／ 2

230V

50.0Hz

30 mA

UL50

PHASE : 0

°

ms

V

L-PE

L-N

!

F1 Measurement mode setting

(X1/2, X1, X5, Ramp, Auto, Uc)

F2 IΔn setting

F3 RCD Type setting (

, , , )

F4 PHASE setting (0° ,180° )

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1. Operate the Power button and turn on the instrument.

Fig.39

Turn the rotary switch and select the RCD function.

2. Press the MODE switch(F1) and select any desirable measurement mode.

X1/2 For testing RCD's to verify that they are not too sensitive.

X1 For measuring the trip time.

X5 For testing at IΔn X5

RAMP(◢) For measuring the tripping level in mA.

AUTO

Uc For measuring Uc

3. Press the IΔn switch (F2) to set Rated Tripping Current (IΔn) to the rated trip current

of the RCD.

4. Press (F3) to select the RCD type.

Refer to "10.1 Principles of RCD measurement" for the details of RCD type. (*6)

5. Press (F4) to select phase at which the test current should start. (*7)

(*6),(*7) except for Uc measurement

*UL value change

As a UL value, 25V or 50V is selectable. Refer to 6. Configuration in this manual and

select either of them.

2. Wiring Check

1. Insert the Test Lead into the instrument. (Fig.39)

For automatic measurement in following sequence:

X1/2(0° ), X1/2(180° ), X1(0° ),X1 (180° ), X5(0° ), X5(180° )

L

2. Connect the test leads to the circuit to be tested. (Fig.35, 36, 37)

3. After the connection, ensure that the symbols for Wiring check on the LCD are in the

status indicated in Fig.39 before pressing the test button.

If the status of the symbols for Wiring check differ from Fig.39 or
indicated on the LCD, DO NOT PROCEED AS THERE IS INCORRECT WIRING. The

cause of the fault must be investigated and rectified.

N

PE

symbol is

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3. Voltage Measurement

When the instrument is first connected to the system, it will display the line-earth

voltage which is updated every 1s. If this voltage is not normal or as expected, DO NOT

PROCEED.

NOTE: This is a single phase (230V AC) instrument and under no circumstances should

it be connected to 2- phases or a voltage exceeding 230VAC+10%.

If the input voltage is greater than 260V the display will indicate '>260V' and RCD

measurements can not be made even if the Test button is pressed.

10.3.2 RCD Measurement

a) Single Tests

1. Press the Test button

Operating time of RCD is displayed on LCD. (At Ramp test, operating current value of

RCD will be displayed. Uc values are displayed at Uc Function.)

● ×1/2...................The Breaker should not trip.

● ×1......................The Breaker should trip.

● ×5......................The Breaker should trip.

● Auto Ramp(◢)..The Breaker should trip. The tripping current should be displayed.

● Uc......................Uc values are displayed.

2. Press the 0° /180° switch to change the phase and repeat step (1).

3. Change the phase again and repeat step (1).

b) Auto Test

Measurements are automatically performed under the Auto Test function in the following

sequence: X1/2(0° ), X1/2(180° ), X1(0° ),X1 (180° ), X5(0° ), X5(180° ).

1. Press F1 to select Auto

2. Press F2 & F3 to select IΔn & RCD type

3. Press the Test button. The KEW6016 will automatically conduct the sequence as

above. When the RCD trips each time reset it.

4. Return to the tester and the results will be displayed

● Be sure to return the tested RCD to the original condition after the test.

● When the Uc voltage rises to UL value or greater, the measurement is automatically

suspended and "Uc > UL" is displayed on the LCD.

● If " IΔn" setting is greater than the rated residual current of the RCD, the RCD will

trip and "no" may be displayed on LCD.

● If a voltage exists between the protective conductor and earth, it may influence the

measurements.

● If a voltage exists between neutral and earth, it may influence the measurements,

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therefore, the connection between neutral point of the distribution system and earth

should be checked before testing.

● If leakage currents flow in the circuit following the RCD, it may influence the

measurements.

● The potential fields of other earthing installations may influence the measurement.

● Special conditions of RCDs of a particular design, for example S- type, should be

taken into consideration.

● The earth electrode resistance of a measuring circuit with a probe shall not exceed

table1.

● Equipment following the RCD, e.g. capacitors or rotating machinery, may cause a

significant lengthening of the measured trip time.

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11. EARTH TESTS

Fig.40

Re

Yellow

11.1 Principles of Earth Measurement

This Earth function is to test power distribution lines, in-house wiring system, electrical
appliances etc.
This instrument makes earth resistance measurement with fall-of-potential method,
which is a method to obtain earth resistance
value Rx by applying AC constant current I
between the measurement object E (earth
electrode) and H(C) (current electrode),
and finding out the potential difference V
between E and S(P) (potential electrode).
Rx = V / I

11.2 Earth resistance Measurement

WARNING



● The instrument will produce a maximum voltage of about 50V between

terminals E-H(C) in earth resistance function. Take enough caution to avoid
electric shock hazard.

CAUTION



● When measuring earth resistance, do not apply voltage between measuring

terminals.

● Do not use MODEL7228A for measuring electrical potentials that exceed 33V

rms, 46V peak or DC 70V.

1.Select Earth function with the Rotary Switch

2.Insert the Test Leads (MODEL7228A) into the instrument. (Fig.41)

d Green

3.Test Lead connection
Stick the auxiliary earth spikes S(P) and H(C) into the ground deeply. They should be
aligned at an interval of 5-10m from the earthed equipment under test. Connect the
green wire to the earthed equipment under test, the yellow wire to the auxiliary earth
spike S(P) and the red wire to the auxiliary earth spike H(C) from terminals E, S(P) and
H(C) of the instrument in order.

Fig.41

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Note :

Fig.42

● Make sure to stick the auxiliary earth spikes in the moist part of the soil. Give enough

water where the spikes have to be stuck into the dry, stony or sandy part of the earth

so that it may become moist.

● In case of concrete, lay the auxiliary earth spike down and water it, or put a wet dust

cloth etc. on the spike when making measurement.

E

S(P)

H(C)

Ω

4.Press the test button, the display will show the earth resistance of the circuit.

● If measurement is made with the probes twisted or in touch with each other, the

reading of the instrument may be affected by induction. When connecting the probes,

make sure that they are separated.

● If earth resistance of auxiliary earth spikes is too large, it may result in inaccurate

measurement. Make sure to stick the auxiliary earth spike and H(C) into the moist

part of the earth carefully, and ensure sufficient connections between the respective
connections. High auxiliary earth resistance may exist if R

Hi or RH Hi is

S

displayed during measurements.

● Great errors may included in the measured earth resistance when earth voltage of

10V or more exist. In this case, power off the devices which is using earth resistance

under test to reduce the earth voltages.

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12. PHASE ROTATION TESTS

Fig.43

Cor

sequence

64.giF 54.giF

1. Operate the Power button and turn on the instrument. Turn the rotary switch and

select the PHASE ROTAION function.

2. Insert the Test Leads into the instrument. (Fig.43)

3. Connect each test leads to a circuit. (Fig.44)

L1

L2

L3

Fig.44

4. Results are displayed as follows.

rect phase sequence

● When a message No 3-phase system or --- is displayed, the circuit may not be a

3-phase system or a wrong connection may have been made. Check the circuit and
the connection.

● Presence of Harmonics in measurement voltages, such as an inverter power supply,

may influence the measured results.

Reversed phase

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13. VOLTS

Fig.47

1. Operate the Power button and turn on the instrument. Turn the rotary switch and

select the VOLTS function.

2. Insert the Test Leads into the instrument. (Fig.47)

3. Voltage value and frequency will be displayed on the LCD when applying AC voltage.
Note : A message DC V may be displayed when measuring AC voltages with

frequencies out of the range 45Hz - 65Hz.

14. TOUCH PAD

1. The touch pad measures the potential between the operator and the tester's PE

terminal.

A message PE HiV is displayed on the LCD with the audible buzzer if a potential

difference of 100V or more is present between the operator and the PE terminal at

touching the Touch pad.

2. Touch Pad function can be enabled and disabled (ON / OFF); refer to 6.
Configuration in this manual and select ON or OFF. In case that OFF is selected, a
warning for PE HiV does not appear and the buzzer does not sound.

* Initial value: ON

Note :

A message PE HI V may be displayed when testing inverters or measuring

voltages containing high frequencies even if a user isn't touching with the Touch Pad.

15. BACK LIGHT

Pressing the Back Light Button selects Backlight ON / OFF. Backlight automatically

turns off in 60 sec after it turns on. Backlight at powering on the instrument can be set
either ON or OFF. Refer to 6. Configuration in this manual how to select ON / OFF.

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16. MEMORY FUNCTION

Measured result at each function can be saved in the memory of the instrument.

(MAX : 1000)

16.1 How to save the data

Save the result according to following sequence.

(1) Measured result.

(2) Press

(3) Press

to enter into MEMORY MODE.

to enter into SAVE MODE.

(4) Make setting for following items.

1. CIRCUIT No

2. BOARD No

3. SITE No

4. DATA No

18.52

250V

MEMORY MODE

ESC:MEM BUTTON

SAVE

RECALL

DELETE

ALL DELETE

SAVE MODE

DATA No.001

UP

CIRCUIT:

DOWN

BOARD:

SELECT

SITE:

OK

MΩ

01

01

01

Fig.48-1

Fig.48-2

Fig.48-3

Press the SELECT Button to choose the parameter to change.
CIRCUIT No → BOARD No → SITE No → DATA N o

Use the UP or DOWN Button and change settings.

Keep the UP/DOWN Key

pressed down to alter the

number quickly.

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(5) Press OK( ). (Confirmed)

Normal mode

SAVE MODE

DATA No.001

INSULATION

250V

CIRCUIT : 01

SAVE

BOARD : 01

SITE : 01

BACK

18.52M

Ω

Fig.48-4

(6) Press SAVE(

). (Confirmed)

(7) SAVING is displayed for about 2 sec on the

LCD, and then returns to the start screen. Saving

completes.

Returns to Normal mode once data save

completes. (Measurement mode)

Saving

18.52

250V

Fig.48-5

MΩ

Fig.48-6

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16.2 Recall the saved data

Fig.49-3

Save data can be displayed on LCD according to following sequence.

MΩ

(1) Press

(2) Press

(3) Press Up(

Data No.

Keep the UP/DOWN Key

pressed down until a

buzzer sounds to skip the

number containing no data

and display the next data.

to enter into MEMORY MODE.

to enter into RECALL MODE.

)or DOWN( )and select

250V

MEMORY MODE

ESC:MEM BUTTON

SAVE

RECALL

DELETE

ALL DELETE

RECALL MODE

DATA No.

UP

DOWN

BACK

000

INSULATION

18.52M

250V

CIRCUIT : 01

BOARD : 01

SITE : 01

Ω

Fig.49-1

Fig.49-2

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16.3 Delete the saved data

Save data can be deleted according to following sequence.

MΩ

(1) Press

to enter into

MEMORY MODE.

DELETE

(2) Press
into DELETE MODE

(3) Press Up(

or DOWN(
and select Data

No.

to enter

)

)

Fig.50-3

DELETE MODE

000

DATA No.

INSULATION

UP

DOWN

BACK

DELETE

18.52M

250V

CIRCUIT : 01

BOARD : 01

SITE : 01

250V

MEMORY MODE

ESC:MEM BUTTON

SAVE

RECALL

DELETE

ALL DELETE

ESC:MEM BUTTON

Ω

ALL DELETE

BACK

Fig.50-1

Fig.50-2

ALL DELETE

Delete All?

(2) Press

to

enter into ALL

DELETE MODE

Fig.50-4

(4) Press DELETE

(

).

(Confirmed)

(3) Press ALL

DELETE (
(Confirmed)

).

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ALL DELETEDELETE

Fig.50-

Fig.50-

(5) Press

DELETE (
(Confirmed)

(6) Returns to

Normal mode

when selected

data deleted.

(Measurement

mode)

DELETE MODE

DATA No.001?

INSULATION

18.52M

Ω

250V

CIRCUIT : 01

DELETE

5

BACK

BOARD : 01

SITE : 01

All Deleting

Fig.50-6

).

Deleting

MΩ

(4) Returns to

Normal mode

when selected

7

250V

Fig.50-8

MΩ

250V

Fig.50-9

data is deleted.

(Measurement

mode)

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16.4 Transfer the stored data to PC

Fig.52

The stored data can be transferred to PC via Optical Adapter Model8212USB (Optional

Accessory).

F

ig.51

●How to transfer the data:

(1) Connect Model8212USB to the USB Port of a

PC.(Special driver for Model8212USB should

be installed. See the instruction manual for

Model8212USB for further details.)

(2) Insert Model8212USB into the KEW6016 as

MΩ

shown in Fig 52. Test Leads should be removed

from the KEW6016 at this time.

250V

(3) Power on the KEW6016. (Any function is OK.)

(4) Start special software "KEW Report" on your PC and set the communication port.

Then click "Down load" command, and the data in the KEW6016 will be transferred

to your PC. Please refer to the instruction manual of Model8212USB and HELP of

KEW Report for further details.

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17. GENERAL

17.1 If the symbol ( )appears, this means that the test resistor is too hot and the

automatic cut out circuits have operated. Allow the instrument to cool down before

proceeding. The overheat circuits protect the test resistor against heat damage.

17.2 The test button may be turned clockwise to lock it down. In this auto mode,

when using distribution board lead Model7188A, tests are conducted by simply

disconnecting and reconnecting the red phase prod of the Model7188A avoiding

the need to physically press the test button i.e. 'hands free'.

17.3 When the display shows the low battery indication, (

from the instrument. Remove the battery cover and the batteries.

), disconnect the test leads

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18. BATTERY REPLACEMENT

Screw

S

Fuse

Fig.53

When the display shows the low battery indication , , disconnect the test leads from

the instrument. Remove the battery cover and the batteries. Replace with eight (8) new

1.5V AA batteries, taking care to observe correct polarity. Replace the battery cover.

19. FUSE REPLACEMENT

The continuity test circuit is protected by a 600V 0.5A HRC ceramic type fuse situated in

the battery compartment, together with a spare. If the instrument fails to operate in the

continuity test mode, first disconnect the test leads from the instrument. Next remove

the battery cover, take out the fuse and test its continuity with another continuity tester.

If it has failed, replace it with a spare, before refitting the battery cover. Do not forget to

obtain a new fuse and place it in the spare position. If the instrument will not operate

in the loop impedance, PSC/PFC and RCD modes, it may be that the protective fuses

fitted on the printed circuit board have blown. If you suspect that the fuses have failed,

return the instrument to your distributor for service - do not attempt to replace the fuses

yourself.

pare Fuse

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54

20. SERVICING

If this tester should fail to operate correctly, return it to your distributor stating the exact

nature of the fault. Before returning the instrument ensure that:-

1.The leads have been checked for continuity and signs of damage.

2.The continuity mode fuse (situated in the battery compartment) has been checked.

3.The batteries are in good condition.

Please remember to give all the information possible concerning the nature of the

fault, as this will mean that the instrument will be serviced and returned to you

more quickly.

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21. CASE AND STRAP ASSEMBLY

Correct assembly is shown in Fig 54, 55 and 56. By hanging the instrument round the

neck, both hands will be left free for testing.

1. Attach the Buckle to the KEW6016 as shown in Fig.54.

Match the hole of the Buckle and

the protrusion at the side face of

KEW6016, and slide it upwards.

Fig.54

2. How to install the Strap belt

Pass the strap belt down through

the buckle from the top, and up.

3. How to fasten the Strap belt

Fig.56

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Fig.55

Pass the strap through the

buckle, adjust the strap for length

and secure.

56