Kurz Instruments, Inc 454FT-08-MT, 454FT-08-HHT, 454FT-12-HHT, 454FT-16-MT, 454FT-16-HHT User Manual

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Insertion Mass Flow Transmitter

Kurz Instruments, Inc.

Series 454FT

Covers MFT V 1.2x Firmware

ISO-9001

User’s Guide

DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

October 15, 2003

Kurz Instruments Inc.

2411 GARDEN RD

MONTEREY CA 93940-5394

USA

Telephone: [phone] or 800-424-7356

FAX: [phone] or (831)-646-1033

www.kurz-instruments.com

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Ai

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Publication Notices

COPYRIGHT

COPYRIGHT© 2003. All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be stored
in a retrieval system, transmitted or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to
photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the prior agreement and
written consent of Kurz Instruments, Inc.

TRADEMARKS

MetalClad™, Series MFT, Series 454FT, and Series 504FT are trademarks of Kurz
Instruments, Inc. Hyper Terminal, Windows 95/98/NT are trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation. Modbus is a trademark of Modicon, a Group Schneider company.

PUBLICATION NOTICE

Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information to the
customer. However, Kurz Instruments, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use, nor
any infringements of patents or other third parties which would result. In addition, Kurz
Instruments, Inc. makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the
contents of this publication. Under no circumstances will Kurz Instruments, Inc. be held
liable for any loss or other damages pertaining to the use of this publication.

This publication is generic in nature. No guarantee is made that this publication
conforms to the particular equipment produced for a particular application. As-built
publications entail an additional charge. Factory and on-site training in the use and
operation of Kurz Instruments, Inc. products may be made available at the buyer’s
expense, subject to agreement by Kurz Instruments, Inc.

The information contained in this publication is subject to change without notice. Kurz
Instruments, Inc. reserves the right to make engineering changes and product
improvements at any time and without prior notice. Consult your local Kurz
Instruments, Inc. Representative or a Factory applications engineer for information
regarding current specifications.

Kurz Instruments, Inc. assumes no liability for damages or injuries (consequential or
otherwise) caused by the improper use and/or improper installation of this product or
where this product is used in any application other than what it was designed for and
intended. Kurz Instruments, Inc. expressly denies any responsibility if this product has
been modified without Kurz Instruments, Inc.’s written approval or if this product has
been subjected to unusual physical or electrical stress, or if the original identification
marks have been removed or altered.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Aii

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Equipment sold by Kurz Instruments, Inc. is not intended for use in connection with any
nuclear facility or activity unless specifically sold for such applications and specific
conditions for such usage are detailed. If the equipment is used in a nuclear facility or
activity without supporting quotation, Kurz Instruments, Inc. disclaims all liability for any
damage, injury, or contamination, and the buyer shall indemnify and hold Kurz
Instruments, Inc., its officers, agents, employees, successors, assigns, and customers,
whether direct or indirect, harmless from and against any and all losses, damages, or
expenses of whatever form and nature (including attorneys fees and other costs of
defending any action) which they, or any of them, may sustain or incur, whether as a
result of breach of contract, warranty, tort (including negligence), strict liability or other
theories of law, by reason of such use.

Kurz Instruments Inc.

2411 Garden Rd.
Monterey, CA 93940-5394
USA
Telephone: [phone] or 800-424-7356
FAX: [phone] or 831-646-1033
www.kurz-instruments.com

Document Title: Series 454FT Insertion Mass Flow Transmitter User’s Guide,

MFT V 1.2x
Document Number: 360197-1.2, Revision A
Publication Date: October 15, 2003

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Aiii

Standard Conditions of Sale of Kurz Products

ORDERS All orders are received subject to acceptance by KURZ INSTRUMENTS, INC.

at the factory in Monterey, CA, U.S.A., herein referred to as COMPANY, and may be accepted
only on Company’s printed acknowledgement form. Purchase orders for Company products
and services must be made out to the Company and must be received in writing at Monterey,
CAbefore performance is completed unless otherwise approved by the company.

QUOTATION AND PUBLISHED PRICES Until acceptance, all written quotations

are subject to change upon written notice to the buyer and are void after 30 days unless oth­erwise specified on quote. Verbal quotations are good only on the day on which they are
made by an authorized representative of the Company.

The prices shown on the published price lists and other published literature issued by the
Company are not offers to sell and are subject to confirmation by specific quotation and
acknowledgement. All published prices and discounts are subject to change without notice.

SEALED BIDS are subject to these Standard Conditions of Sale unless specified otherwise
in bid and agreed to by the company.

TAXES Prices are exclusive of all foreign, federal, state, municipal or other government

excise, sales, use, occupational, duty, or like taxes now in force, or enacted in the future and
therefore are subject to an increase equal in amount to any tax the Company may be
required to collect or pay upon the sale or delivery of the items purchased.

TERMS The terms of sale shown in the published price list shall apply from the date of

shipment by the Company. If the Company in its judgment at any time deems that by reason
of the financial condition of the Buyer or otherwise the continuance of production or shipment
on the terms specified herein is not justified, the Company may require full or partial payment
in advance. Certain orders may, in the judgment of the Company, because of their nature or
the delivery involved, require progress payments. Pro rate payments shall become due as
shipments are made. Terms are cash net 10 days. Amounts past due are subject to a service
charge of 11/2% per month (or fraction thereof).

Should the Buyer be in default of the terms stated above, the Company shall add to the
Buyer’s account, all reasonable costs, including attorneys’fees, filing fees and any other fees
or expenses deemed reasonable by the Company in collecting the amounts due.

PACKING The Company makes no charge for its standard packing for domestic ship-

ment. The Buyer may be charged for export packing or other special packing required, the
cost of which will be quoted upon request. No credit or deduction will be allowed if no packing
is required.

DELIVERY Shipping dates given by the Company are approximate and are based on

prompt receipt of all necessary information regarding the order. The company will use its best
efforts to meet the ARO date provided the Buyer supplies all necessary information and data
promptly, but cannot be held responsible for causes beyond its reasonable control.
The Company shall in no event be responsible for loss of profits, damages incurred by the
buyer to its customers or other consequential damages resulting from Company’s failure to
deliver within the time specified herein.

In the event of any delay requested by the Buyer or any delay caused by lack of shipping
instructions, the Company will store all items ordered at the Buyer’s risk and expense, and
will invoice the Buyer for the full contract price of the apparatus on or after the date on which
the same is ready for delivery. If manufacture is delayed by the Buyer, payment shall be made
based on the percent of completion and the contract price.

SHIPPING COSTS AND INSURANCE Shipments are f.o.b. factory, Monterey, CA,

freight and insurance prepaid and added, or freight collect unless otherwise requested and
agreed to by the Company. If insurance is being provided by the Buyer a formal statement of
Buyer responsibility must accompany purchase order. Customer is responsible for notification
in writing to the Company within 72 hours of any loss or damage of the shipment if the ship­ment was made f.o.b. destination. In the absence of specific instructions, the Company will
select the carrier.

CHANGES The Buyer may from time to time, but only with the written consent of the

Company, make any change in the order. In the event of any such change, the Buyer shall
pay to the Company the reasonable costs and other expenses (including engineering expens­es and all commitments to its suppliers and sub-contractors incurred by the Company prior to
receipt of notice of such change for all work rendered unnecessary by such change or
incurred by the Company thereafter for all work required to effect such change. In either case,
an amount determined by the Company in its discretion by applying to the amount such costs
and other expenses and the Company’s usual rate of profit for similar work. In the event of
any such change, the Company shall further be entitled to revise its price and delivery sched­ules to reflect such change.

CANCELLATION In the event of cancellation, the Buyer shall be liable for the payment

of reasonable cancellation charges, which shall not exceed the unit retail list price of the items
cancelled and shall include among other things expenses already incurred by the Company,
actual liabilities against Commitments incident to the order involved, and properly allowable
indirect charges as well as a reasonable profit. No delivery delay requested by Buyer on an
order placed under this Agreement shall be effective unless covered by an amendment to the
order that provides for the payment of any agreed upon costs the delay imposes on the
Company and that is accepted on the Company’s printed acknowledgement form. Standard
products only once delivered may be returned to the Company’s discretion and upon approval
from the Company in Monterey, CA, at a minimum charge for restocking of 20% of list price.
Return shipping charges are of Buyer’s expense.

If the Buyer makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, if a voluntary or involuntary
petition or other action in bankruptcy or for reorganization or under any other insolvency law
shall be filed by or against the Buyer, if the Buyer shall admit inability to pay its debts, if a
trustee, receiver or liquidator is appointed for any part of the assets of the Buyer, or if the
Buyer fails to make payments to the Company in accordance with the terms hereof, the
Company may at its option cancel all undelivered parts of any order by written notice to the
Buyer at no expenses to the Company.

ACCEPTANCE — PRODUCT Unless otherwise agreed to by the Company, the crite-

rion for acceptance of the Company’s products including options shall be the successful oper­ation of the product and options using the Company’s standard test procedures applicable to
the product and options involved. All acceptance tests shall be run by Company personnel at
the Company’s factory, unless otherwise allowed for and agreed to by the Company.

LIMITED WARRANTY— PRODUCT
(LIABILITYFOR REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT ONLY) The Company’s prod-

ucts are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year from
date of shipment from the factory. The Company’s obligation is limited to repairing, or at their
option, replacing products and components which, on verification, prove to be defective, at
the factory in Monterey, CA. The customer is responsible for materials of construction selec­tion and for materials suitability for the intended use of Kurz equipment. The Company shall
not be liable for installation charges, for expenses of Buyer for repairs or replacement, for
damages from delay or loss of use, or other indirect or consequential damages of any kind.
The Company extends this warranty only upon proper use and/or installation of the product in
the application for which intended and does not cover products which have been modified
without the Company’s approval or which have been subjected to unusual physical or electri­cal stress, or upon which the original identification marks have been removed or altered.

Whenever the design of the equipment to be furnished of the system in which it is to be
incorporated originate with the buyer, manufacturer’s warranty is limited specifically to matters
relating to furnishing of equipment free of defects in material and workmanship and assumes
no responsibility for implied warranties of fitness for purpose or use.

Transportation charges for material shipped to the factory for warranty repair are to be paid
by the shipper. The Company will return items repaired or replaced under warranty prepaid.
No items shall be returned for warranty repair without prior authorization from the Company.

PATENT AND TRADEMARK INDEMNITY The Company will, at its own expense,

defend any suit against the Buyer for the infringement of United States patents and trade­marks by products purchased from the Company and in any such suit will satisfy any final
award for infringement: except that the Company assumes no obligation to defend or assume
liability for damages (consequential or otherwise) resulting from infringements (a) of patent
claims covering any other products or any contemplated equipment or any assembly, combi­nation, method or process, in which, or in the manufacture or testing of which any such prod­ucts purchased from the Company may be used (not withstanding that such products pur -

chased from the Company may have been designed only for use in or may only be useful in
such other patented products or such patented equipment, assembly, circuit, combination,
method, or process, or in the manufacture or testing thereof and that such products pur ­chased from the Company may have been purchased and sold for such use), or (b) resulting

from designs supplied by the purchaser, or for any trademark infringement involving any mar­keting or branding applied by the Company or involving any marking or branding applied at
the request of the buyer.

The indemnity is upon the condition that the Buyer give the Company prompt notice in writ­ing of any such suit for infringement or threat of such suit and full opportunity to conduct the
defense thereof. No costs or expenses shall be incurred for the account of the Company with­out its written consent. At its option, the Company may, at any time, replace or modify any
products sold under this contract to avoid patent or trademark infringement provided such
replacement or modification does not materially affect performance. The Company’s liability
under this indemnity shall not exceed the purchase price of the infringing product.

DOCUMENTATION AND TRAINING In no event shall orders be accepted where

payment is contingent on provision of documentation, unless agreed to in advance.
Documentation is generic in nature, no guarantee is made that the documentation conforms
to the equipment produced as built. As built documentation entails an additional charge.

The Company will supply reasonable written documentation including operator instructions.
Factory and on-site training in use and operation of the Company’s products may be made
available at Buyer’s expense, subject to acceptance by the Company.

PROPRIETARY RIGHTS Kurz Instruments, Inc. proprietary rights are included in infor-

mation disclosed in instruction manuals, user guides, drawings and quotations or any other
document or information disclosed. No Kurz document or information disclosed therein shall
be reproduced or transferred to other documents or used by others for manufacturing or for
any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by Kurz Instruments, Inc.

SUBSTITUTIONS AND MODIFICATIONS The Company assumes the right to

make substitutions and modifications in the specifications of equipment designed by the
Company providing that such substitutions or modifications will not materially affect perfor­mance in the intended application.

TOOLS The Company shall retain title to and possession of any models, patterns, dies,

molds, jigs, fixtures and other tools made for or obtained in connection with this contract
unless otherwise agreed to by the Company.

CONSTRUCTION All quotations are made and all orders are accepted by the Company

with reference to the laws of the State of California, the rights and duties of all persons and
the construction and effect of all provision thereof shall be governed by and construed accord­ing to the laws of the state.

Should any term or provision contained in these conditions contravene or be invalid under
applicable law, the contract of which these conditions form a part shall not fail by reason
thereof but shall be construed in the same manner as if such terms or provision had not
appeared herein.

REGULATORY LAWS AND / OR STANDARDS The Company makes no

promise or representation that its product will conform to any state or local laws, ordinances,
regulations, codes or standards, except as particularly specified and agreed upon for compli­ance in writing as part of the contract between Buyer and the Company.The Company’s
prices do not include the cost of any related inspections or permits or inspection fees.

EXCUSABLE CESSATION OF PERFORMANCE FOR NON-PAYMENT

Whenever Buyer fails to meet the payment requirements set forth in this condition, manufac­turer may cease performance and delivery and accelerate payment of any and all unpaid
charges, such cessation of performance shall not be construed to be a breach of any contract
or agreement and manufacturer will resume production as soon as reasonably possible upon
receipt of payment of all balances due.

NUCLEAR QUALIFICATION Equipment sold by Kurz Instruments, Inc. is not intend-

ed for use in connection with any nuclear facility or activity unless covered by a specific quo­tation where the conditions of such usage will be detailed. If equipment is used in a nuclear
facility or activity without a supporting quotation, Kurz disclaims all liability for any damage,
injury or contamination, and the buyer shall indemnify and hold Kurz, its officers, agents,
employees, successors, assigns and customers, whether direct or indirect, harmless from and
against any and all losses, damages or expenses of whatever form or nature (including attor­ney’s fees and other costs of defending any action) which they, or any of them, may sustain
or incur, whether as a result of breach of contract, warranty, tort (including negligence), strict
liability or other theories in law, by reason of such uses.

The Leader in Mass Flow Flow Technology for Process and Environmental Measurements

Kurz Instruments, Inc. • 2411 Garden Road, Monterey, CA93940 • 800-424-7356 • 831-646-5911 • FAX [phone]

email: [e-mail] • www.kurz-instruments.com

DCN 28050 Rev. D

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Table of Contents

Title Page.............................................................................................................. i

Publication Notices.............................................................................................. ii-iii

Copyright..................................................................................................... ii

Trademarks................................................................................................. ii

Publication Notice....................................................................................... ii-iii

Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale ......................................................... iv

Table of Contents................................................................................................. v-xi

Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1-2

Duct Velocity Profile Correction.................................................................. 1

Sensor Insertion Location............................................................................ 1

Duct Area.................................................................................................... 1

Flow & Temperature Output Range............................................................ 2

Field Calibration.......................................................................................... 2

Sensor Pitch or Orientation to the Flow....................................................... 2

Medium to be Measured.............................................................................. 2

Kickout values for NE-43 Alarms..................................................................2

454FT Brochure (DCN 367047)..........................................................................3(1-10)

Quick Setup Guide................................................................................................5-6

Installation............................................................................................................ 7-15

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Av

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Mounting...................................................................................................... 7

Figure 1 Model 454FT Installation with Compression Fitting...................... 8

TS Version........................................................................................ 9

Field Wiring................................................................................................. 9

Safety............................................................................................... 9

Typical Hook-Up Wiring Diagrams.................................................. 10

24 VDC Powered Flow Transmitters................................................ 10

AC Powered Units............................................................................ 11

Analog Output................................................................................... 11-12

Alarms............................................................................................... 12

Serial Communications..................................................................... 12

RS-232................................................................................... 13

RS-485.................................................................................. 13

5-Wire Sensor Connections............................................................. 13-14

Orientation of the LCD Keypad .................................................................. 14-15

Operation.............................................................................................................. 17-25

Figure 2. Optional Keypad/LCD.................................................................. 17

Power-On Sequence................................................................................... 17-18

Overview of the User Interface................................................................... 18

Navigating the Menus.................................................................................. 18-19

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Avi

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Selecting Menus.......................................................................................... 19

Entering Data............................................................................................. 19

Clearing Data, Editing Data or Exiting Menus............................................ 19

Holding a Menu For Display....................................................................... 19

Help Display................................................................................................ 20

Flow Meter Time Constant.......................................................................... 20

Data Logging............................................................................................... 20-21

Configuration Data Storage......................................................................... 21-24

Figure 3. Series MFT Memory Configuration................................... 22

Configuration, Upload/Download.......................................................23

Calibration of the Analog Output................................................................. 24

Calibration of the Analog Input.................................................................... 24

Alarms: Flow, Pulsed Totalization and NE-43.............................................. 24

Figure 4. NE-43 Alarm signaling on the 4-20 mA outputs................ 25

Configuration Changes...................................................................................... 27-47

Entering Program Mode............................................................................ 27-28

How to set the Meter ID............................................................................. 28-29

Meter ID with a Remote Terminal.................................................... 29

Flow Units................................................................................................... 29

Duct/Pipe Area............................................................................................ 29-30

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Avii

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Flow Meter Correction Factors.....................................................................30-32

Variable Correction Factor (VCF) Setup............................................30-31

Sensor Blockage Correction Factor (SBCF) Setup........................... 31-32

Low & High Kick-Out.................................................................................... 32

Low Flow Cut-Off..........................................................................................32

Scroll Meter................................................................................................. 33-34

Meter Filter.................................................................................................. 34

Analog Output Range................................................................................. 34

Analog Output Calibration........................................................................... 36-37

Totalizer Reset............................................................................................ 37

Time and Date............................................................................................. 37

Log Interval.................................................................................................. 38-39

System Units............................................................................................... 39

Alarms......................................................................................................... 39

Pulse Mode Totalizer Output....................................................................... 41

Sensor Flow Calibration Data...................................................................... 42

ADC Sample Rate....................................................................................... 45

Baud Rate................................................................................................... 46

Loading Data from EEPROM to SRAM...................................................... 46

Insertion Flow Transmitter Calibration.............................................................. 48-53

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Aviii

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Field Calibrations........................................................................................ 48

Sensor Velocity Calibration......................................................................... 48

Factory Calibrations.......................................................................... 49

User Calibrations........................................................................... ... 49

Figure 5 Typical Calibration Sheet (DCN 180117).......................... 52

Figure 6 Typical Calibration Curve................................................... 53

Maintenance and Troubleshooting..................................................................... 54-62

Maintenance................................................................................................ 54

Flow Issues................................................................................................. 55

Sensor......................................................................................................... 55

Electronics................................................................................................... 56

Table 2 Troubleshooting Chart.................................................................... 58

Return Shipment.................................................................................................. 65-66

RMA # (Return Material Authorization #).................................................... 65

Cleaning of Material to be Returned........................................................... 65-66

Shipping Material to be Returned................................................................ 66

Glossary................................................................................................................ 67-69

Appendix A Thermal Anemometer Measurements.......................................... A1-A10

Mass Rate................................................................................................... A1

Mass Flow Equations.................................................................................. A1-A4

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Aix

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Reynolds Number............................................................................. A1-A2

Standard Velocity............................................................................. A2

Standard Volumetric Flow................................................................. A3

Mass Flow......................................................................................... A3-A4

Gas Property Induced Errors....................................................................... A4-A5

Pressure Changes............................................................................ A4

Temperature Changes...................................................................... A4

Temperature Profiles...................................................................... A4

Low Flow Free Convective Forces.................................................. A4

Wet vs. Dry Flow Rate..................................................................... A4-A5

Flow Profiles................................................................................................ A6

Low Velocity Laminar Profile............................................................ A6

High Velocity Turbulent Profile......................................................... A6

Correction Factors....................................................................................... A7

Use of the Flow Equations in the Kurz Mass Flow Meter.......................... A7

Single Point Insertion Flow Elements............................................... A7

Multi-Point Insertion Flow Elements................................................. A8

In-line Flow Elements....................................................................... A8

Problems..................................................................................................... A9

Answers to Problems................................................................................... A10

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Ax

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Appendix B Product Approvals.......................................................................... B1-B2

Series MFT ATEX Declaration of Compliance

(DCN 430040)............................................................................................. B2

Appendix C MFTCOMM....................................................................................... C1-C7

Installation.................................................................................................. C2

Menus......................................................................................................... C2-C3

Setup for Upload/Download........................................................................ C3

Saving an MFT configuration on your PC................................................... C3-C4

Viewing or Printing the Configuration File................................................... C4

Downloading a Configuration from the PC to the MFT Unit........................ C4

Figure C1, Sample printable file from MFTCOMMC................................... C5-C7

Appendix D Field Wiring Diagrams.................................................................... D1-D7

Field Wiring Diagram, Series MFT (DCN 342022)...................................... D2-D5

Field Wiring Diagram, Series MFT, TS configuration (DCN 342028)......... D6-D7

Appendix E Menu State Diagram........................................................................ E1-E9

MFT VER 1.2x Menu State Diagram (DCN 342027-1.2x)........................... E2-E9

Appendix F Signal Flow Diagram........................................................................ F1-F5

MFT Signal Flow Diagram (DCN 342030-1.2x).............................................F2-F5

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. Axi

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Introduction

The Kurz Instruments 454FT series of insertion mass flow transmitters are point velocity
sensing devices. This bivariable transmitter also measures the process temperature.
The flow element is a constant temperature thermal anemometer which intrinsically
measures the process fluid Reynold’s number. The net meter response is mass rate
per unit area. The engineering output may be scaled to represent standard velocity,
standard volumetric flow or mass rate. Density changes are automatically accounted
for negating the need for pressure and temperature compensation. A complete
description of how and what the thermal anemometer measures can be found in
Appendix A. The units must be calibrated in the gas type to be measured or may be
correlated from Air calibrations if available. The process temperature measured with
this series will read accurately (within a few degrees C) above 100 SFPM (0.5 SMPS).
The unit has an optional LCD/keypad local interface which can be used for complete
setup, control and monitoring.

The 454FT is a 3, 4 or 5-wire device whose 4- 20 mA output current is directly
proportional to the flow rate. A second 4-20 mA output can be used for temperature or
a different flow scale. The unit is available as 24 VDC, 115 VAC @ 50 to 60 Hz, or 230
VAC @ 50 to 60 Hz powered. The 4-20 mA output can be nonisolated self-powered or
isolated loop-powered. The typical configuration has all the electronics in one
enclosure, known as the TA configuration, or with just the sensor and a terminal wiring
board in a separate enclosure from the electronics in the TS configuration. Both cases
are shown in the field wiring diagrams. The TS configuration is used where the sensor
enclosure ambient temperature is expected to exceed 65 °C, allowing the electronics to
be mounted separately in a cooler place.

Additional product description, specifications, outline drawings and explanation of part
numbers can be found in the product brochure at the end of this section.

Important Issues for Accurate Flow Measurements

` Duct Velocity Profile Correction:

- Does velocity profile change with dampers, fans, valves, etc. where the

sensor is measuring?

` Sensor Insertion Location:

- What part of the profile is to be measured?

` Duct Area:

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A1

Kurz Instruments Inc.

- Sensor blockage, reducing the effective area.

` Flow & Temperature Output Range:

- What scale do you want the 4-20 mA output set to?

` Field Calibration:

- From a field calibration, either velocity dependent correction factors or a

simple gain correction can be entered to account for the duct flow profile.

` Sensor Pitch or Orientation to the Flow:

- Is the flow arrow pointing in the same direction as the flow?

` Medium to be Measured:

- Was the unit calibrated in the medium to be measured?

- Is the medium composition highly variable?

- Does the medium change phase?

- Can material build up on the sensor?

- Are there large temperature variations?

• Kickout Values for the NE-43 Alarms (< 3.6 mA and > 21 mA)?

- What high/low values indicate a meter malfunction or a high/low flow
trip point.?

- What high/low values indicate normal operating conditions?

Answers to many of these questions can be found in this manual or its appendices.
Kurz customer service may also be contacted for assistance (831-646-5911 or FAX
831-646-1033). This user manual covers installation, configuration, operation,
calibration and maintenance information. Many of the terms and abbreviations used in
this manual may be found in the Glossary. For the Purge version, also see 360207.

The next section is the product brochure followed by a Setup guide. h

refers to the manual The intended audience forsecti ons needed to setup y ourT

thi

s manual are process engineers and instrumentation technicians who are measuring

gas flow. A more comprehensive version of the setup guide is DCN 360206.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A2

SERIES

454FT

INSERTION

MASS FLOW

TRANSMITTERS

™

INC.INSTRUMENTS

A

C

.

Q

P

R

E

ISO

9001

U

A

N

P

R

I

F

T

I

E

D

.

Y

T

I

L

w

e

!

D

E

V

O

KEY FEATURES

¤

Easy-to-use menu for display and set-up with HELP
screens.

¤

Two-line 16 character, back-lit LCD with twenty
button keypad (optional).

¤

User selectable scrolling display.

¤

Adjustable LCD/Keypad orientation allowing ease
of reading the display for horizontal or vertical
installations.

¤

Twenty-four hour clock/calendar; Year 2000
compliance (four digit year).

¤

Two optically isolated loop-powered 4-20 mA
outputs,one for mass flow rate, one for process
temperature (optional).

¤

4-20 mA outputs meet NAMUR NE43
recommendations.

¤

Two optically isolated solid-state alarm/relays
(optional).

¤

Pulsed output for use as a remote flow totalizer
(optional).

¤

User selected English or Metric units (SFPM,SCFM,
SCFH,PPM, PPH, ˚F; SMPS, SLPM,SCMH, KGM,
KGH,˚C).

¤

Multi-Point calibration correction factors for Flow
and T emperatur e.

¤

User-entered METER ID Number.

¤

User-entered flow area.

¤

Programmable sensor out-of-tolerance indication
and alarm functions.

¤

User may change STP reference condition.

¤

User-selectable digital filtering for each METER.

¤

Built-in flow totalizers and elapsed time.

¤

User Access Code.

¤

Selectable RS-232C or RS-485 Serial port for
terminal operation.

¤

Modbus ASCII or RTU communications

¤

NEMA 4X/7 dual chamber epoxy painted
electronics enclosure.

¤

CE Compliance meeting the European Community
requirements for EMI emissions and immunity.

¤

Configuration upload/download software using
a PC.

¤

Velocity/Temperature/Mapping (VTM) for wide
ranging velocity and temperature.

¤

Input power options of 115VAC or 230 VAC 50/60
Hz or 24 VDC.

¤

Flash EEPROM program memory for user firmware
upgrades.

¤

Remote Electronics Enclosure option.

¤

Velocity range of 0-18,000 SFPM.

DESCRIPTION

The Series 454FT Insertion
Mass Flow Transmitters raise
the standard for mass flow
measurements of air and
industrial gases.The 454FT
incorporates the rugged Kurz
all-welded thermal sensor
having a miniature,powerful
“in-the-head” microprocessor
having a large,lighted LCD/
Keypad, with easy-to-use set­up and configuration menus.
The 454FT uses only two all­welded RTD sensors to pro­vide fast measurements of the
velocity and process tempera­ture.The optional tempera­ture ratings are 200˚C and
500˚C. The LCD/Keypad can
be rotated in 90˚ increments
to provide a convenient orien­tation for all applications.
English or Metric Units are
selected by the user. The
454FT includes up to two
optically isolated 4-20 mA
outputs and alarms, a RS-232
port for use with a PC to
download,upload, record and
“ECHO” the display.A flash
EEPROM Program Memory
allows the user to upgrade the
firmware in the field. A RS
485/Modbus local area net­work protocol is optional.
The 454FT includes the most
advanced temperature com­pensation, microprocessor
technology and the highest
repeatability, accuracy,and
reliability available.The 454FT
has CE and Y2K Compliance
and hazardous gas safety
approvals. Kurz has world­class calibration facilities, and
is ISO 9001 certified.

SERIES 454FT INSERTION MASS FLOW TRANSMITTERS

¤

Process Temperature Rating of –40˚C to 200˚C
(MT) or –40˚C to +500˚C (HHT).

¤

Electronics operating temperature range of –25˚C
to +65˚C, non-condensing,and –40˚C to +65˚C
without the LCD/Keypad option.

¤

Process Pressure Rating of 300 PSIG.

¤

Alloy C276 all-welded sensor construction.

¤

Fastest response to temperature and velocity
changes.

¤

Attitude insensitive.

¤

Sensor lead length independent circuitry.

¤

Non-Incendive,Explosion-Proof and Flameproof
Safety Approvals.

¤

All components pass an extensive burn-in test for
high reliability.

¤

Optional Modbus local area network with a read­only control set (Trademark of Square D Company).

¤

Conformal coatings on all P.C. boards.

¤

The +24 VDC version with the 4-20 mA option
may be used with the Series 155 Mass Flow
Computers to provide flow and temperature read­ings and exceptional flexibility.

APPLICATIONS

¤

Industrial and process gas mass flows

¤

Combustion air flow measurements

¤

EPA Flow Monitors

¤

Flare gas metering

¤

Aeration air flow and digester off-gas flow

¤

Landfill vapor recovery

¤

Incinerator stack mass flow

¤

Solvent recovery system mass flow

¤

VOC mass flow

¤

Cement plants

¤

Coal-fired boiler combustion air

¤

Compressed air

¤

Natural gas

¤

Semi-conductor processing gas metering

¤

O.E.M.applications

OUR MISSION

To manufacture and market

the best thermal mass flow meters

available and to support our
customers in their efforts to

improve their business.

PAGE 2

Kurz Instruments,Inc.■2411 Garden Road,Monterey, CA 93940 ■Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] ■www.kurz-instruments.com ■e-mail: [e-mail]

PAGE 3

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The Series 454FT uses the well-recognized Kurz thermal convection
mass flow measurement method by detecting the heat transfer
from the heated RTD sensor (Rp) referenced to the temperature
of the ambient gas stream RTD sensor (Rt).A constant temperature
difference between the heated sensor and the temperature sensor is
maintained by a modified Wheatstone Bridge circuit in which the heated
sensor is the controlled element.This provides unexcelled speed of
response and the many other advantages of constant temperature ther­mal anemometry.The microprocessor-based electronics measures the
heat transfer, computes the standard velocity and ambient gas tempera­ture,and allows the user to configure and set-up the 454FT to fit all
flow requirements.Display screens are easy-to-use and provide all the
flow and temperature and diagnostic information.For a more detailed
description of Kurz technology, please see Document Number 364003,
“Theory and Application of Kurz Thermal Convection Mass Flow
Meters”,by contacting the Kurz Factory, or by visiting our web site.

FLOW

ROTATION YAW

+–

FLOW

Rt

Rp

RATE
FLOW

TIME/SEC.

2 VOLTS @ 3000 SFPM

TEMP (˚C)

250
200
150
100

50

0

02468101214161820

(3000 SFPM)

FLOW

OUTPUT

SIGNAL

(LESS THAN .020 VOLT UPSET)

DEGREES ROTATION/YAW

VELOCITY SIGNAL

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

ROTATION

YAW

10%

SERIES 454FT INSERTION MASS FLOW TRANSMITTERS

Kurz Instruments,Inc.■2411 Garden Road,Monterey, CA 93940 ■Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] ■www.kurz-instruments.com ■e-mail: [e-mail]

VELOCITY (SFPM)

OUTPUT SIGNAL-mA

0

160

220

280

340

400

460

520

2000 4000 6000 8000 10,000 12,000

Figure 1–Series 454FT
LCD/Keypad with Lid Removed.

Figure 2–Fast Dual (FD)
Sensor.

CALIBRATION CURVE

Figure 3–

The flow calibration
curve is non-linear,having a non­zero output (live zero) at zero
flow and a nearly constant per­cent of reading accuracy.Zero is a
valid data point for a Kurz meter.

Figure 4–Shows the response of
a Kurz Fast Dual (FD) MetalClad

™

sensor to a step change in veloci­ty.Kurz manufactures the fastest
industrial quality sensors available.

Figure 5–Shows a typical
response to a step change in
temperature for a Kurz Fast
Dual (FD) MetalClad

™

sensor.
It is exceptional and allows use
of the sensor for combustion air
flow measurements in boilers that
mix hot and cold air for tempera­ture control in coal pulverizers,
for example.

Figure 6–Shows a typical output

response to changes in the incom­ing velocity direction.Data is
shown for rotation and yaw,as
defined by Figure 7.Note that the
effect is small for angles up to
±20 degrees. This is extremely
important for flow applications
having severe turbulence and a
non-axial velocity direction.

Figure 3–

Calibration Curve.

Figure 4–Sensor Flow Response.

Figure 5–Sensor T emperature

Response.

Figure 6

–

Sensor Measurement Error

Versus Rotation/Yaw Angles.

TIME RESPONSE TO FLOW AND
TEMPERATURE CHANGES

ORIENTATION EFFECTS

Figure 7–Sensor Rotation and Yaw

Description.

70

80

90

100

60
50
40
30

20
10

01

TIME/SEC.

VELOCITY %

2345678910

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

SENSOR DESIGN

Series 454FT Insertion Mass Flow Transmitters use the
Kurz MetalClad™FD all-welded Alloy C276 sensor. In
this design,the temperature sensor and velocity
sensor are mounted in separate tubes (or “stings”),
providing exceptional thermal isolation from the sen­sor support structure and fast response to process
temperature changes.

SENSOR MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

The standard sensor material for all Kurz metal sen­sors is Alloy C-276.This material is far superior to 316
Stainless Steel in high temperature and corrosive
applications.Kurz offers Titanium Nitride coating for
abrasive,dir ty applications, such as in boiler coal pul­verizers.Kurz exclusively uses Inconel sheathed
mineral-insulated cable (MI cable) and a hermetic sen­sor seal for temperatures above 200˚C.

PROCESS TEMPERA TURE RATING

Kurz offers sensor process temperature ratings of
200˚C and 500˚C. Field data verifies that the lifetime
at 500˚C is at least five years and the lifetime at 200˚C
is many decades.

TRANSMITTER CONFIGURATIONS

Two configurations are available;Directly Attached
Electronics Enclosure (TA) and Remotely Attached
Electronic Enclosure (TS).

PROCESS TEMPERA TURE COMPENSATION

The influence of temperature on the thermal proper­ties of gases requires temperature compensation for
repeatable and accurate measurements.Standard
Temperature Compensation (STC) is used for applica­tions in which the process temperature is below
125˚C over a moderate velocity range or below 200˚C
over more limited velocity range. If the process tem­perature and gas velocity vary widely,Velocity/
Temperature/Mapping (VTM) is recommended.VTM
includes taking velocity calibrations at two or three
process temperatures and using the microprocessor to
calculate the velocity based on the built-in process
temperature measurement.

GAS CALIBRATION

The customer has a choice of a laboratory calibration
or a gas correlation calibration. Air calibrations are
performed in the Kurz Model 400D NIST traceable
wind tunnel.

SENSOR PROTECTION

The 454FT circuitry includes circuitry to prevent an
over-temperature condition caused by a sensor, wiring
or component failure.Our sensors will not overheat at
zero flow, unlike most competitive devices because of
our constant temperature sensor control method and
the power limiting design.

SENSOR ELECTRONICS

The Series 454FT has several innovations which
improve performance,reduce cost and provide extra­ordinary flexibility.A new constant temperature bridge
circuit includes an efficient switching power supply and
allows the microprocessor to calculate the process gas
temperature directly using the temperature compensa­tion sensor.The bridge PCB has an EEPROM loaded
with the PCB serial number, calibration coefficients,
and component values which insures the safety of the
data. The sensor electronics includes a sensor lead
resistance compensation circuit which is extremely
important for long sensor wires,rapid gas temperature
changes and large temperature gradients between the
sensor and the ambient air.

CONFORMAL COATED CIRCUIT BOARDS

All PC boards are generously coated to provide pro­tection against damage and moisture condensation.

MICROPROCESSOR

An 18 MHz Z180 microprocessor is used.

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER

A serial 16-bit ADC provides excellent resolution and
noise rejection.To minimize noise the user can select
the ADC sample rate for 50 Hz or 60 Hz to provide
the best noise rejection.

FIRMWARE

The Display, Executive and Programming menus are
very easy-to-use and are largely self-explanatory. The
functions and instructions for the Series 454FT are
nearly the same as those used for the Series 155 Mass
Flow Computers,which are widely accepted.The flow
and temperature data may be scrolled so it can be
seen through the window in the cover. The user may
press “D” and see the flow and temperature data,as
well as the raw flow data.Pressing “H” holds the dis­play screen (but not the readings).A user access code
is required for programming,seeing data and entering
configuration and other user data.

SERIES 454FT INSERTION MASS FLOW TRANSMITTERS

SPECIFICATIONS

Process V elocity Range:

0-18,000 SFPM

Process T emperatur e Rating:

MT:–40˚C to 200˚C
HHT:–40˚C to 500˚C

Process Pressure Rating:

300 PSIG

Sensor Material:

Alloy C-276 Stings with
Carpenter 20 Cb-3 sensor
base;optional Titanium Nitride
Coating (350 C max).

Sensor Support Material:

316L Stainless Steel,
Alloy C-276.

Repeatability: 0.25%
V elocity Time Constant:

1 second for velocity changes
at 6000 SFPM at a constant
temperature and 1 second for
temperature changes at a con­stant velocity of 6000 SFPM.

Process T emperatur e Time

Constant: 8 seconds at a

velocity of 6000 SFPM.

V elocity Accuracy:

See Feature 8 for overall
accuracy including the effects
of process temperature.

Temperature Accuracy:

±(1/2% of reading +1˚C) for
velocities above 100 SPFM.

Power: +24 VDC ±10%, 115/230

VAC ±10% 50/60 Hz;
15 watts max.

Enclosure T emperatur e

Rating: -25˚C to +65˚C

with LCD/Keypad option;

-40˚C to +65˚C without
LCD/Keypad option.

Enclosure: Dual-Chamber,

Epoxy-Painted aluminum,
NEMA 4X/7 with glass win­dow for display option.

Solid-State Relays:

Optically isolated,.8 ampere,
24 V AC/VDC maximum

Analog Outputs (4-20 mA):

Optically isolated,user loop­powered,12 bit resolution
and accuracy,maximum loop­resistance is 500Ω at 18 VDC,
800Ω at 24 VDC , 1400Ω at
36 VDC; meets NAMUR NE43
recommendations.

Continued on facing page

Kurz Instruments,Inc.■2411 Garden Road,Monterey, CA 93940 ■Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] ■www.kurz-instruments.com ■e-mail: [e-mail]

PAGE 4

INSERTION MASS FLOW TRANSMITTERS

SPECIFICATIONS Cont’d.

Meter Filter Time Constant:

Selectable 0 to 600 seconds.

Safety Appro vals:

Non-Incendive (NI):Class I,
Div.2, GPS. ABCD, T5 DC­Power ed,T4 AC-Po wered;
Ex nA II, T5 DC-Powered,
T4 AC-Po wered;CSA.
Explosion-Proof (XP):Class I,
Div.1, GPS. ABCD,T3C;
Ex d IIC,T3; Class II, Div.1,
Groups EFG;CSA.
Flameproof (FP):EEx d IIB+H

2

,
T3;CENELEC.The process
approval temperature range is
–20˚C to +60˚C.

EMI Approvals:

CE Compliance:light industrial
(EN50081-1) for emissions,
heavy industrial (EN 50082-2)
for immunity and (EN 61000­4-5) for surges.

Serial Port Baud Rate:

User selectable:1200, 2400,
4800,9600, 14,400,19,200.

Digital Outputs:

RS-232 Port for Upload,
Download,Record, Echo using
user’s PC;RS-485 communi­cation port, with Modbus
ASCII or RTU Mode.

LCD: Back-lit two-line alpha-

numeric with 16 characters
per line.

LCD Update:

Every two seconds.

Keypad: 20-button membrane

mounted inside enclosure.

LCD/Keypad Orientation:

Adjustable in 90 increments
to accommodate user
viewing angle.

Memory: EEPROM for all impor-

tant data,with automatic
sensor identification;Flash
EEPROM for Program
Memory.

Net W eight/Shipping W eight:

DC V ersion: 4lbs/5lbs;
AC V ersion:8lbs/10lbs,
add 4lbs/5lbs for remote
option (TS).

SELECTABLE STP CONDITIONS

The mass flow calibration data is referenced to
the Kurz laboratory standard of 77˚ F/14.69 PSIA
(25˚ C/760 mmHg). The user may change the STP
conditions to suit his requirement.

BAUD RATE SELECTION

The user may set the RS 232/RS 485 baud rate to
1200,2400, 4800, 9600, 14400 or 19200.

4-20 mA OUTPUTS

These loop-powered outputs are optically isolated,and
include the NAMUR NE43 recommendation regarding
fault detection. The fault conditions are set at the Kurz
Factory,but may be set by the user. The user may easily
calibrate the 4-20 mA outputs by entering the Output
Calibration menu,measuring the output and adjusting
it using the LCD/Keypad.

NAMUR NE43 COMPLIANCE

Kurz meets the NAMUR NE43 recommendation for
the 4-20 mA outputs,under a fault defined by the sen­sor Kick-Out menu.A low flow or temperature condi­tion will be transmitted as a 3.6 mA or less signal;a
high flow or high temperature condition will be trans­mitted as a 21.0 mA or greater signal.This feature also
frees up the alarm/relays so that the user can set-up
the flow and temperature alarms for other needs.

ALARM/RELAYS/PULSED
TOTALIZER OUTPUT

The customer may order 0 or 2 solid-state optically
isolated relays.If no relays are ordered,the alarm func­tions are displayed on the LCD. Both relays may be
used for alarms (LO,HI and HOL) or for the Sensor
Kick-Out feature;or one relay may be used for an
alarm function and one may be used as a pulsed output
for use as a remote flow totalizer, or both relays may
be used as pulsed outputs.

SERIES 454FT

TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Cont’d.

HELP SCREENS

By pressing “HH” the user can obtain important infor­mation on the use of the Series 454FT, including the
firmware version,Kurz telephone and fax numbers and
the web site address,etc.

FLASH EEPROM PROGRAM MEMORY

The program may be updated in the field by the user
using the RS-232 port.This new feature will allow our
customers to upgrade to the latest firmware.

SELF-DIAGNOSTICS

The 454FT performs an extensive check-out upon
power-up, and continuously monitors the sensor
inputs/outputs and verifies the integrity of the sensor
wiring and the measurements.The Sensor Kick-Out
feature is used to set the fault limits.

PROGRAMMABLE CORRECTION FACTORS

A multi-point Variable Correction Factor (VCF) may be
used to correct the flow calibration data to meet in­situ flow tests over the entire velocity range such as
done for EPA Stack Flow Monitors. If VCF is not used,
a Sensor Blockage Correction Factor (SBCF) can be
used to correct for the area reduction caused by the
sensor support.The user enters the area of the flow
passage and the sensor center line distance from the
inside of the flow passage and the Series 454FT auto­matically calculates the SBCF.

METER FILTER TIME CONSTANT

A digital filter time constant may be set for each
METER which affects the display readings and the 4-20
mA outputs. The time constant maybe set from 0 to
600 seconds.

COMPATIBILITY WITH SERIES 155 MASS
FLOW COMPUTERS

A “Blind” Series 454FT (ordered with the two 4-20
mA Outputs and the +24 VDC power supply;but with­out the LCD/Keypad and Alarm/Relay/Pulsed Outputs)
is fully compatible with the inputs and features of the
Series 155 Mass Flow Computers. Thus, the user may
obtain the advantages of flow and temperature mea­surements,Velocity/Temperature/Mapping (VTM), with
a rugged,remote, easy-to-use electronics enclosure
with LCD/Keypad,power supply,and all of the other
features of the Series 155 Mass Flow Computer.
(Please see the Series 155 brochure).

Kurz Instruments,Inc.■2411 Garden Road,Monterey, CA 93940 ■Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] ■www.kurz-instruments.com ■e-mail: [e-mail]

PAGE 5

SAFETY APPROVAL

Identifier Description

NI Non-Incendive (Class I,Div.2, Groups A,B, C,D and Ex nA II)

XP Explosion-Proof (Class I,Div.1, Groups A,B, C , D and Ex d IIC)

FP Flameproof (EEx d IIB+H2)

Kurz Instruments,Inc.■2411 Garden Road,Monterey, CA 93940 ■Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] ■www.kurz-instruments.com ■e-mail: [e-mail]

SENSOR TYPE

Identifier Description

FD Fast Dual MetalClad™ Velocity and Temperature Sensor.

ORDERING INFORMATION

The table below lists the major features of the Series 454FT Insertion
Mass Flow Transmitters and their Parent Numbers:

FIRST DIGIT OF FEATURE 1: SENSOR TYPE

Option Description

1 FD Sensor

PROCESS TEMPERA TURE RATING

Identifier Description Range

MT Medium Temperature -40°F to 392°F (-40°C to 200°C)

HHT Very High Temperature -40°F to 932°F (-40°C to 500°C)

SECOND DIGIT OF FEATURE 2:

SENSOR SUPPORT LENGTH L

Option Support Length L Option Support Length L

0 All 18" 5

3

⁄4",1" 36"

1

1

⁄2" 3" (MT Only) 6 1" 48"

2

1

⁄2",3⁄4" 6" (MT Only) 7 1" 60"
3 All 12" 8 All 30"
4 All 24" 9 All Consult Kurz

SERIES 454FT INSERTION MASS FLOW TRANSMITTERS

SUMMARY OF FEATURES (Continued)

Feature Description

6 Gas Velocity Calibration Data Range
7 Specialty Gas Velocity Calibration
8 Process T emperatur e Compensation
9 4-20 mA Outputs/LCD/Keypad

10 Alarms, Relays,Pulsed Outputs/Terminal Communication and Data Ports
11 Safety Approval

SECOND DIGIT OF FEATURE 1: SENSOR MATERIAL

Option Description

3 Alloy C276 Sensor Stings
7 Titanium Nitride Sensor Coating on Option 3 material

NOMENCLATURE:

SERIES 454FT SELECTION TABLE

Sensor Process

Model Parent Support Sensor Temp. Elect. Safety

Number Number Dia. Type Rating Config. Approvals

454FT-08-MT 7560011⁄2" FD MT TA,TS NI,XP, FP

454FT-08-HHT 7560021⁄2" FD HHT TA,TS NI

454FT-12-MT 7560033⁄4" FD MT TA,TS NI,XP, FP

454FT-12-HHT 7560043⁄4" FD HHT TA,TS NI

454FT-16-MT 756005 1" FD MT TA,TS NI, XP,FP

454FT-16-HHT 756006 1" FD HHT TA,TS NI

ELECTRONICS CONFIGURATION

Identifier Description

TA Electronics Enclosure directly attached to the sensor support.
TS Electronics Enclosure remotely attached to the sensor support.

FIRST DIGIT OF FEATURE 2: SENSOR SUPPORT MATERIAL

Option Description Option Description

2 316L Stainless Steel 3 Alloy C276

FEATURE 3: OPTIONAL FLANGE CONNECTION

Option Description Option Description

00 No flange 99 Special, Consult Kurz

`01

1

⁄2" Class 150 02

1

⁄2" Class 300

11

3

⁄4",Class 150 12

3

⁄4",Class 300
21 1",Class 150 22 1",Class 300
25 11⁄4",Class 150 26 11⁄4",Class 300
31 11⁄2",Class 150 32 11⁄2",Class 300
41 2" Class 150 42 2" Class 300

Note: Flange material must match sensor support mater ial (Feature 2). Flanges are ANSI BI6.5.

FEATURE 4: OPTIONAL FLANGE U DIMENSION

Directions

Enter U dimension length to the nearest hundredth of an inch (0.01).Enter four digits,
U minimum = 4",Enter 0000 if a flange is not used.Example: U = 5.20"; Enter 0520

SUMMARY OF FEATURES

Feature Description

1 Sensor T ype/Sensor Material
2 Sensor Support Material/Length
3 Optional Flange Connection Size and Rating
4 Optional Flange U Dimension
5 Electronics Enclosure Configuration/Input Power

FIRST DIGIT OF FEATURE 5:

ELECTRONICS ENCLOSURE CONFIGURATION

Option Description

1 Electronics Enclosure directly attached to sensor support (TA).
2 Electronics Enclosure remotely attached to sensor support (TS).

SECOND DIGIT OF FEATURE 5: INPUT POWER

Option Description Option Description

1 115 VA C, 50/60 Hz 3 +24 VDC
2 230 VA C, 50/60 Hz 9 Special

PART NUMBER GENERATION PROCEDURE

With the selected Parent Number, specify the entire Part Number by selecting an Option
for each Feature as shown in the example below:

756004

Parent No. F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11

052013 30 11 11 14 01 28 21 11 10

RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM GAS VELOCITY

Gas T ype

Gas Velocity

SFPM SMPS

Air, Argon, Carbon Dioxide , Dr y Chlorine , Nitrogen,Oxygen 18,000 90
Butane, Ethane, Ethylene,Methane , Natural Gas,Propane 15,000 75

Digester Gas,Dry Ammonia
Helium 7,000 35
Hydrogen 4,000 20

PAGE 6

SERIES 454FT INSERTION MASS FLOW TRANSMITTERS

FEATURE 7: SPECIALTY GAS CALIBRATION (Note 1)

Laboratory Correlation
Calibration Gas Type Calibration

01 Air —
— Dry Ammonia 56
08 Argon 58
10 Butane (Simulated with Propane) 60
14 Carbon Dioxide 64
— Dry Chlorine 68
20 Ethane 70
22 Ethylene 72
26 Helium 76
28 Hydrogen 78
32 Methane 82
34 Natural Gas (Simulated with Methane) 84
35 “Digester Gas” 50% Ch4,50% CO

2

85

37 “Digester Gas” 70% Ch4,30% CO

2

87
40 Nitrogen 90
44 Oxygen 94
46 Propane 96
99 Special Gas calibration (including mixed gases)—Specify

Note 1: All calibrations are NIST traceable and taken at room pressure.This proce­dure is valid because the pressure effect is small up to 150 PSIG.The customer is
responsible for cleaning hydrocarbons from oxygen mass flow elements.The mass
flow reference standard is 77˚F, 14.69 PSIA (25˚C , 760 mmHg). Data for velocities
above 12,000 SFPM is obtained using the Kurz correlation method. Add [5% reading
+ 30 SFPM] to the accuracy specification when using a gas correlation calibration.

FEATURE 6: GAS VELOCITY CALIBRATION DATA RANGE

English Metric

Option SFPM Option SMPS

02 300 52 1.5
04 600 54 3
06 1,000 56 5
08 2,000 58 10
10 3,000 60 15
12 4,000 62 20
14 6,000 64 30
16 9,000 66 40
18 12,000 68 60
20 15,000 70 75
22 18,000 72 90

SECOND DIGIT OF FEATURE 9:

LCD/KEYPAD

Option Description

0 No LCD/Keypad and enclosure lid without window.
1 Includes back-lit LCD with 20-button keypad and

enclosure lid with window.

FIRST DIGIT OF FEATURE 9: 4-20 mA OUTPUTS

Option Description

0 No 4-20 mA Outputs.
2 Two 4-20 mA outputs, loop-powered,optically isolated.

FEATURE 8: PROCESS TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION

(Continued)

Option Description

28 Velocity/Temperature/Mapping (VTM) with three calibration

data sets over process temperature range of 0˚C up to 500˚C.
Accuracy:±(3% reading + 30 SFPM),Specify Process
Temperature Range,Air and N2only.

FEATURE 8: PROCESS TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION

Option Description

01 Standard Temperature Compensation (STC) over process

temperature range of -40°C to +125°C. Accuracy:
± [(1% + .025%/°C) reading +(20 SFPM + .25 SFPM/°C)]
Above or below 25°C,all gases.

13 Standard Temperature Compensation (STC) over process

temperature range of 0°C to 200°C. Accuracy:
± [(2% + .025%/°C) reading +(20 SFPM + .25 SFPM/°C)]
Above or below 100°C; Air and N2only.

23 Velocity/Temperature/Mapping (VTM) with two calibration data

sets over process temperature range of 0˚C up to 200˚C.
Accuracy:±(2% reading + 20 SFPM),Specify Process
Temperature Range,Air and N2only.

FEATURE 11: SAFETY APPROVAL (Note 1)

Option Description

12 Non-Incendive (NI):Class I, Div.2,GPS.ABCD,T5 DC-

Powered,T4 AC-Pow ered;Ex nA II,T5 DC-Powered,
T4 AC-Pow ered;CSA

22 Explosion-Proof (XP):Class I, Div.1,GPS.ABCD,T3C; Ex d IIC,

T3;Class II, Div.1, Groups EFG; CSA

23 Flameproof (FP):EEx d IIB+H

2

,T3; CENELEC

Note 1: Options 22, and 23 are not available for HHT Models.

FIRST DIGIT OF FEATURE 10:

ALARMS, RELAYS,PULSED OUTPUTS

Option Description

0 No Solid-State Relay or Pulsed outputs,alarm functions dis-

played on LCD.
1 Two Optically Isolated Solid-State Alarm Relays
2 Two Optically Isolated Solid-State pulsed outputs for remote

flow totalizers.
3 One Optically Isolated Solid-State Alarm Relay and one pulsed

output for a remote flow totalizer.

SECOND DIGIT OF FEATURE 10:

TERMINAL COMMUNICATION AND DATA PORTS

Option Description

1 RS-232C or RS-485 (Jumper Selected) serial port;echoes the

display and permits remote keypad entry for use with a PC

running a terminal emulator program,suppor ts configuration

Upload/Download.
2 Option 1 plus a read-only command set for all METERS,

including the log (L) or summary command.
3 Option 1 with RS-485 Multi-Point Modbus ASCII or RTU

protocol with read-only control.

ORDERING INFORMATION

Using the Single-Point Insertion Mass Flow Transmitter Part No./Order Sheet:

A Complete the application information section.
B Enter the complete Series 454FT Par t Number.
C Enter the Series 454FT mounting hardware and accessory Part Nos.
D Contact the Kurz Representative or the Kurz Factor y to place the order

or to obtain additional information.

Kurz Instruments,Inc.■2411 Garden Road,Monterey, CA 93940 ■Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] ■www.kurz-instruments.com ■e-mail: [e-mail]

PAGE 7

Input Power Display/Keypad W1 W2

AC Yes 3.50" (88.9mm) 6.60" [167.6mm]

AC No 2.82" [71.6mm] 6.60" [167.6mm]
24 VDC Yes 3.50" [88.9mm] 2.82" [71.6mm]
24 VDC No 2.82" [71.6mm] 2.82" [71.6mm]

Note 1: L = U + L2 – 2.00", (min) U=4"
Note 2: L2 (min) = 4" for MT Models and 8" for HHT Models

Directly Attached Electronics Enclosure (TA)
First Digit of Feature 5, Option 1

Electronics Enclosure Remotely Attached (TS)
First Digit of Feature 5, Option 2

Kurz Instruments,Inc.■2411 Garden Road,Monterey, CA 93940 ■Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] ■www.kurz-instruments.com ■e-mail: [e-mail]

SERIES 454FT OUTLINE DRAWINGS

PAGE 8

INSTRUMENTS
MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA

S FLOW TRANSIT

CLEAR GLOSS DISPLAY

P789H
D

4

56

YES

™

INC.INSTRUMENTS

0.64

[16.3mm]

Kurz model no.,

serial no., item no. &

safety approval tag

L2

(See note 2)

L

(See feature 2. See note 1)

U

(See feature 4. See note1)

Sensor
support

C

L

Sensor material
see feature 1

Sensor flange
see feature 3

Optional
ID tag

External gnd
screw #10-32

Flow direction
arrow

5.44

[138.2mm]

Sensor
support
fitting

Display maybe rotated at
90˚ increments for
proper viewing
direction

Dual chamber
electronics enclosure

Caution label

Power, ground, outputs,
shielded cable, seals, fittings
& conduit by customer

3/4" FNPT Typ.

FLOW

VIEW A-A

45˚

A

A

D

0.78

[19.8mm]

2.00

[50.8mm]

FLOW

FLOW

C

L

3/4" nipple

mounting location

Sensor wire terminal
junction box

Sensor support
junction box

Caution
label

Optional
ID tag

3/4" MNPT plug
3 plcs.

Conduit seals
by customer
3 plcs.

External ground
screw #8-32

Kurz model no.,
serial no., item no. &
safety approval tag

5 conductor shielded
cable in rigid conduit
or cable with
perimeter bonded
seal by customer

Power, ground,
outputs, shielded
cable, seals fittings
& conduit by
customer

INSTRUMENTS
MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA

S FLOW TRANSIT

CLEAR GLOSS DISPLAY

P789H
D

4

56

YES

™

INC.INSTRUMENTS

3"

ø .25 thru
[6.35mm]

2 plcs.

1.06

[26.9mm]

2.82

[71.6mm]

6.13

[155.7mm]

5.50

[139.7mm]

5.25

[133.3mm]

4.75

[120.6mm]

3/4" FNPT
Typ.

2.81

[71.4mm]

4.60

[116.8mm]

INSTRUMENTS
MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA

S FLOW TRANSIT

CLEAR GLOSS DISPLAY

P789H
D

4

56

YES

™

INC.INSTRUMENTS

Dual Chamber

Electronics Enclosure

Junction Box

3/4" FNPT
Typ.

4.75

[120.6mm]

Customer
hook-up
side

W2

W1

4.60

[116.8mm]

5.25

[133.3mm]

Model Number D

454FT-08

1

⁄2" [12.7mm]

454FT-12

3

⁄4" [19.1mm]

454FT-16 1" [2.54mm]

BALL V AL VES

Sizes of 3⁄4",1", 11⁄4",11⁄2" are available in 316SS, Alloy C-276 and Monel.Refer to Part No. 754060.

PACKING GLANDS

Models PG-08,PG12 and PG-16 fit the 1⁄2",3⁄4",and 1" sensor supports respectively.Optional body materials are 316SS, Alloy C­276 and Monel. The standard packing material is Gortex Expanded PTFE. Refer to Part No. 759050.

RETRACTOR/RESTRAINTS

Model RR-08,RR-12 and RR-16 clamp to the packing gland and sensor suppor t. It has a worm-gear crank mechanism and
adjustable stops.Refer to Par t No. 759040.

PIPE NIPPLES

These schedule 40 pipe nipples are used with ball valves,retractor/restraints,packing glands and pipe mounting fittings. Pipe
sizes of 1⁄2",3⁄4",1", 11⁄4",11⁄2" in length from 2" to 12" are available in Carbon Steel,316SS,Alloy C-276 and Monel. Refer to
Part No.759070.

MALE COMPRESSION FITTINGS

Bored-thru 1⁄2",3⁄4" and 1" tube fittings for use with Thredolets or
customer’s fittings with 1⁄2",3⁄4",1", 11⁄4" and 11⁄2" male IPS threads,
316 SS Body,316 SS, Nylon or Teflon ferrules. Refer to Part No.759031.

DUCT MOUNTING BRACKETS

These convenient brackets are used to mount the 1⁄2",3⁄4" or
1"diameter sensor support on flat or curved ducts. 316 Stainless
Steel bracket and compression fitting,Teflon, Nylon or 316 SS
ferrules.Refer to Part No. 759030.

IDENTIFICA TION T AGS

Part Number 170098, 1.25" x 3",316 SS, maximum of 4 lines, 32 characters per line.

PAGE 9

Kurz Instruments,Inc.■2411 Garden Road,Monterey, CA 93940 ■Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] ■www.kurz-instruments.com ■e-mail: [e-mail]

MOUNTING FLANGE ASSEMBLIES

Class 150 and 300 ANSI B16.5 flanges with 3" overall length,1⁄2",

3

⁄4",1", 11⁄4",11⁄2" sizes,threaded or unthreaded pipe sleeves,

carbon steel,316 SS, Alloy C276.Refer to Part No.759032.

BRANCH FITTINGS (Thredolets®and Sockolets®)

Convenient for attaching mounting hardware to process piping.
Sizes 1⁄2",3⁄4",1", 11⁄4",11⁄2" for pipe sizes above 21⁄2".Carbon
Steel,316 SS. Refer to Part No. 759033 for Thredolets.Refer to
Part No.759034 for Sockolets.

Thredolet and Sockolet are registered trademarks of Bonney Forge.

SERIES 454FT ACCESSORIES

The leader in Mass Flow

Technology for Process and

Environmental Measurements

Kurz Instruments,Inc.

2411 Garden Road,Monterey,CA 93940

800-424-7356

■

831-646-5911 ■Fax [phone]

www.kurz-instruments.com

e-mail: [e-mail]

IMPORTANT NOTICE: Specifications are subject to change without notice. © 1999 Kurz Instruments,Inc. DCN 367047 REV.C

™

INC.INSTRUMENTS

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Quick Setup Guide

The following is a listing with references for the essential issues needed for
installation. See the DCN 360206 pamphlet for more on getting started.

Product Approval Requirements

Explosive Atmospheres

To maintain safety ratings, the unit must have conduit or cable gland seals directly
attached to the enclosures. The complete design limits of the flow transmitter are
not covered by these third party safety approvals. Operation within or outside
these approval agency limits must be analyzed by a knowledgeable engineer
familiar with your process. See pages 9 to 11 for more information on this and the
field wiring diagrams Appendix D and the approval ratings Appendix B.

EMI Compliance (CE)

For the transmitter attached or integral unit there are no EMI installation issues.
For transmitter separate (TS) configurations, the wiring between the sensor and
electronics must be shielded as described in the field wiring diagrams. See
discussion on pages 13 & 14 and the diagrams in Appendix D.

Mounting

The location of the velocity/temperature sensor in the process is one of the most
important decisions for your insertion flow transmitter. Some of the issues are
listed in the Introduction (pages 1 & 2) and the mounting options are described in
the Installation section on page 7.

Wiring

The power and signal connections are found on the field wiring diagrams in
Appendix D and discussed in the Installation section, page 9.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A5

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Output Setup

You should first read the basic programm ing menu navigation section starting on
pages 18 & 27 and more on page 36. This will reduce your time spent setting or
correcting the configuration of your Series MFT unit. Standard reference
conditions are described on page 42.

Analog 4-20 mA Scaling

Programming the Series MFT for the engineering units you want are described on
pages 29 and 39. Setting the output range is described starting on page 34.

Digital Communications

The flow and temperature meter output can be read digitally using the log
command “l”. Pages 20 &21 describe the format and parsing requirements. The
Modbus ASCII and RTU protocol version will be available during 1999. Contact
your Kurz sales representative for a Flash memory upgrade.

Flow Area

Setting the flow area for your process transmitter to compute flow from a velocity
measurement is described on pages 29 & 30.

Correction Factors (from in-situ calibration)

To account for velocity profiles other than flat (sensor velocity is the same across
the whole duct/pipe, CF = 1.0) you can set a velocity dependent multiplier. See
Appendix A and pages 30, 31 &32 for instructions on this. The flow meter will be
repeatable for most installations even without the correction factors needed to
achieve an accurate absolute flow reading.

Configuration Saving

You can save the battery backed up configuration you have just now completed to
a PC using the configuration upload/download process described on page 23 and
Appendix F.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A6

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Installation

WARNING: Your warranty will be void if your unit is not installed in accordance
with this user’s guide. Make sure you read and thoroughly understand the
installation portion of this guide before you attempt to install your unit. If you
have any questions, contact your Kurz customer service representative before
attempting installation.

Mounting

The 454FT insertion flow transmitter is generally mounted with a compression fitting
into a duct or on a flange (See Figure 1). See the product brochure (DCN 367047) for
Kurz mounting accessories. It is important for the mounting design to consider the
force that will be exerted on the probe support or flange when the process fluid is under
pressure. The insertion depth depends on the duct size and sensor size. Our
recommended placement criteria is described in the brochure.

Things to watch out for:
` If the process being monitored has moving valves or other flow profile

disturbances you should keep your distance from them to obtain the best
performance. About 30 duct diameters are needed to have the profile within
about 1% of a long run velocity profile based on a single sensor velocity
measurement. Less length is needed for multi-point arrays like the K-BAR.

` When the dew point is close to your operation temperature, and/or you have a

saturated gas in un-insulated ducting and condensation occurs on the walls, do
not mount the sensor pointing in a downward angle. Pointing the sensor up or at
the least horizontal will prevent condensation from reaching the sensor element
and causing false high flow readings as the heated element evaporates the
condensate.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A7

Kurz Instruments Inc.

TS Version

For transmitter separate versions (TS) there are two enclosure groups. The sensor
enclosure mounts as described above and contains just a sensor wire terminal board.
The electronics enclosure group contains the bridge electronics, CPU, local display and
keypad in the larger enclosure and is mounted via the pipe nipple between it and the
sensor wire terminal board enclosure. Two U clamps around the pipe nipple to a metal
mounting frame or pipe stand are sufficient. It is important to know that the sensor
serial number must be matched with the same serial number electronics unit. These
two parts are not interchangeable unless recalibrated.

Field Wiring

There are up to six issues for the proper wiring installation of the Series MFT flow
transmitters:

` Safety Grounding and Explosion-Proof enclosure connections.
` DC or AC power requirements and connection.
` Analog Output configuration and wiring of the 4-20 mA signals.
` Discrete Alarms
` Serial Digital Interface
` 5-wire sensor connection for the TS configuration

Please read the complete text of the sections and study the wiring diagram examples
which are relevant to your model before performing the installation.

Safety

To ensure compliance with General Safety requirements the metal enclosures must be
grounded to minimize the chance of electrical shock. For Explosive Atmospheres,
proper grounding minimizes the chance of sparks occurring (ignition sources) outside
an enclosure at its mechanical interfaces if a fault current was to flow. Both internal
and external grounds are available, see the wiring diagrams (DCN 342022 and 342028)
in Appendix D.

For hazardous gas areas, wiring going into and out of the explosion-proof enclosures
must be done through a conduit seal or cable gland rated for explosion-proof
applications (Class 1 Div. 1 or Zone 1) attached directly to the enclosure. These seals
are not needed for non-incendive designs (Class 1 Div. 2 or Zone 2).

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A9

Kurz Instruments Inc.

For hazardous areas it is important to not connect or disconnect any
wiring when the circuits are energized, the resulting spark could
cause ignition. This warning is shown on the safety label of the unit and

is very important.

Two 3/4" FNPT fittings are provided on the electronics enclosure. One port is typically
used for AC power and the other for the signal wires. DC powered models can use
both ports for signal/power wiring. Consult your local electrical code for installation
requirements.

Typical Hook-Up Wiring Diagrams

For both the AC & DC powered versions of the Series MFT, typical summarized wiring
diagrams for most applications are available as defined in DCN 342022. This covers
the TS and transmitter attached (TA) configurations. Sheet 1 shows the power and I/O
connection terminals. Sheet 2 covers external inputs (for example: humidity
transmitters) and the 4-20 mA outputs. Sheet 3 covers the alarms and the RS-232
interface connections for remote configuration from a PC or storing the configuration
external. Sheet 4 covers multipoint serial connections like used for the Modbus setup.

For the transmitter separated (TS) enclosure configuration, the 5-wire sensor
connections must be made as shown in DCN 342028. The connection between the
enclosure groups must be shielded to maintain the CE rating. Again, there must be
conduit or cable gland seals at each enclosure if it is used in a hazardous area.

24 VDC Powered Flow Transmitters

The 24 VDC power is a nominal voltage since all circuits have a regulated supply and
will work between 18 and 28 VDC for the MT versions or units below 200 °C process
temperature. You may also use an unregulated power supply with 50 to 60 Hz ripple as
long as the instantaneous voltage is between 18 and 28 VDC.

For units working up to 500 °C process temperature you will need 24 to 28 VDC.
Surge currents during sensor warm up could require up to 550 mA and will fall off after

it warms up in about 30 seconds. At no flow the current will be about 0.1 A and about

0.3 A for high flow rates (12,000 SFPM). The power is protected against reverse
polarity so if no current flows or there is no output signal you may want to check the
polarity against the wiring diagram, DCN 342022.

The flow transmitter is grounded. The 24 VDC power and 4-20 mA signal have MOVs

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A10

Kurz Instruments Inc.

(metal oxide varistors) to clamp voltage spikes going into the unit. These are 48 V
nominal (voltage level at 1 mA) and do not conduct significant current below about +/­36 VDC relative to ground. Consequently, the isolated 4-20 mA signals, alarms etc.,
can not have a significant common mode or bias voltage to prevent leakage currents on
the MOVs, which can cause an error in the flow measurement if occurring on the 4-20
mA signal.

AC Powered Units

The 115 VAC @ 50 to 60 Hz and the 230 VAC @ 50 to 60 Hz units are Factory wired to
the voltage range ordered. The transformer jumpers may be changed as required. See
the field wiring diagram DCN 342022 for the details. The voltage must be nominal +10/

-20 % for proper operation. The 115 V and 230 VAC units require 15 W maximum. All
wiring to the AC power supply interface board must be routed along the PCB side
closest to the AC power plug. These wires must be inside the plastic insulator sleeve to
prevent the wires from catching in the threads of the explosion proof lid. The internal
ground can be made via the AC power plug or a 10-32 stud on the PCB.

There is no power disconnect means for this unit. You will need a disconnect per your
local electrical code.

Analog Output

The 4-20 mA linear output is a loop powered isolated signal. The positive output
terminal is diode protected against reverse voltage. The output may be self-powered in
the non-isolated mode by jumpering +24 V from the “+VC” terminal to the + on the 4-20
mA terminal. Then the 4-20 mA output would be taken from the 4-20 mA negative
terminal to ground. To use it in this mode, the receiving current should be sensed with
an isolated input to avoid ground loop currents. This isolated input is often just a
differential mode receiver. The 4-20 mA circuit has a 7 V compliance at the full 20 mA
current. The internal voltage supply (about 17 V from a 18 V supply) which powers the
loop current limits the maximum load resistance to 500 Ω or a 10 V load. With higher
voltage supplies, you have correspondingly higher load resistance available.

As a loop-powered 4-20 mA output and a 24 V power supply, you can drive 800 Ω. Do
not exceed 36 VDC on the loop-powered interface or you may have leakage current
from the protective MOVs causing an error in the measurement. In summary, a loop­powered configuration places a customer provided DC power source, the Series MFT
output and load resistance(s) all in series.

NE-43 alarm support on the 4-20 mA signal is also provided. This means normal

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A11

Kurz Instruments Inc.

operation is clipped between 3.8 and 20.5 mA. Sensor kickouts low and high will cause
less than 3.6 mA or more than 21 mA respectively.

Alarms

The two optically coupled solid state relays (SSR), may be used for just about any flow
logic you can think of, sensor error output, or totalizer mode pulses. Each SSR is rated
for 0.8 A, 24 V AC/DC. This circuit is protected from overload with a 1.25 A positive
temperature coefficient (PTC) resettable fuse. To reset, you must remove the load to
allow this device to cool a minute or so. As with the other I/O terminals, there are 48 V
MOVs for surge protection on this device. You must not exceed 36 V to ground or you
will cause leakage and may overheat and damage the MOV which can fail in a short.
Again, see the wiring diagram 342022 for the specific alarm terminals.

Serial Communications

Any serial communications program may be used to act as a remote terminal. Hyper
Terminal, which comes with Windows 95/98/NT, is sufficient and supports Xmodem for
transferring and storing the Series MFT configuration files. This takes about five
seconds at 9600 baud, the Factory default setting. The serial baud rate is program
selectable at 1200, 2400, 4800. 9600, 14.4 k, 19.2 k and 38.4k bits/s. The character format is
1 start bit, 1 stop and no parity. The program MFTCOMM described in Appendix C may
also be used if you only need to save/print the configuration files, it is not a terminal
emulator. ASCII commands, data logging and Modbus are described in Appendix G.

If Hyper Terminal is not installed on your computer you may add it by going to the
Add/Remove Programs within the Control Panel and clicking the Windows Setup tab.
Then choose the Communication group and within it you will find the button to select
Hyper Terminal. After this you may be asked for your Windows disk so this may be
installed. Refer to your Windows documentation if you need more information on Hyper
Terminal. Once the program is installed, you start Hyper Terminal which will prompt
you for a name of the connection, ie Kurz MFT, then an icon. Next you select the
communications port, ie COM1/2 and last you press Configure and chose the baud rate
to match your unit, typically 9600. (1 stop bit, no parity, 8 data bits, hardware flow
control). Once you have verified this works, save the configuration under File, Save.

RS-232

This interface uses a simple straight through ribbon cable with female DB9 connectors
on both ends between the I/O board where the power connects to a PC’s RS-232

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A12

Kurz Instruments Inc.

interface. Jumper W3 selects RS-232 or RS-485 for the digital communications.

RS-485

This mode is jumper selected at W3 on the I/O board. You may operate full or half
duplex using jumpers W1/W2. The remote terminal mode can operate on the RS-485
instead of RS-232 for long distance operation.

The twisted pair wiring is typically connected as shown on page 4 of DCN 342022. This
shows a multipoint drop with a Tee connection outside of the enclosure and a short
drop to the unit. This way the serial bus stays connected even if one transmitter is
removed. To use the multipoint mode the unit must be configured for the Modbus
ASCII or RTU protocol. In this mode, the remote terminal mode and its commands do
not work which includes the configuration upload/download. See Appendix G for more info.

5-Wire Sensor Connections

For the TS version you must field install the wiring between the sensor and its
electronics enclosures. In addition to the field wiring diagram 342022 you need to refer
to 342028 for the TS part. This is a 5-wire connection which must use quality wire
whose wire resistance is less than 1 Ω per wire. Each wire must be matched within 0.01
Ω or 10 mΩ so the lead length compensation circuits can work properly. Without this,
the Factory calibration and temperature compensation will not hold in the field. If the
individual wires do not meet the matching specification, their length must be trimmed or
extended until they match. The terminal strips for the two sensor wire enclosure will
accept up to 12 AWG wire which is good for 630 feet between the sensor and
electronics.

To maintain the CE compliance of the product in the TS configuration, one must
maintain a good shield around the 5 wires. This can be done with rigid conduit or a
braided shielded multiconductor cable between the sensor junction box and the sensor
electronics enclosures. Conduit seals directly to the enclosures are still needed to meet
the explosion-proof ratings. Peripherally bonded shielded cable glands are required for
cable connections. Hawk America (281 445 7400), makes a whole line of cable glands
for shielded cable.

The last option for connecting the enclosure groups which meets the CE requirements is
to use flexible bellows tubing with compression fittings between the enclosure groups.
As with the other methods, conduit seals directly attached to the enclosures are required
to meet the explosion-proof requirements. A readily available semi-flexible commercial
type is used on gas appliance hookups. These seamless flexible gas connections are

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A13

Kurz Instruments Inc.

up to 6 feet in length and have compression adaptors to NPT fittings. Thread adapters
or bushings may be required for the Kurz enclosures which are 3/4" FNPT.

Not recommend for CE compliance on the 5-wire sensor connections of the TS
configuration:

Type Reason not to use it.

Unshielded twisted
Pair, UTP

Armor Cable Spiral wrap armor wires are not an EMI

Flex Conduit Spiral wrap shell is not an EMI shield.
Liquid Tight Conduit Better shield than flex conduit but will not

EMT Conduit Good shied but no peripheral bond at the

No shielding.

shield. Looks like an inductor at RF
frequencies.

hold up well over time due to oxidation of
the metal wrap joints that degrade the EMI
shield.

joints.

Orientation of the LCD Keypad

Turn the power off to the unit before performing this procedure to prevent damage and
protect you from explosions ignited from electrical sparks.

The LCD keypad can be mounted in any one of four 90 ° positions for best viewing and
hand access. It mounts to the CPU board, below it, using two of the four mounting
holes. The other two mounting holes are for nylon spacers which prevent rocking of the
keypad and must be moved to the other holes if needed. When performing the display
rotation, standard electronics handling procedures to prevent ESD must be used. Use a
wrist strap between yourself and the enclosure body before taking the display board out
to rotate it. Too much ESD can corrupt the battery backed up configuration memory.

The short ribbon cable between the CPU and display board must have its connectors
fully seated in the PCBs before you carefully screw down the board using the provided
screws. The ribbon cable connectors have a pin 1 mark which must match that of the

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A14

Kurz Instruments Inc.

PCB connector at each end. The ribbon cable will route towards the center of each PCB
when properly mounted.

There is an LCD contrast pot on the back of the LCD/keypad board which can be
adjusted with a small flathead screwdriver as needed for best viewing of the screen.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A15

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Operation

This section of the manual describes the basic operation of the unit. Configuration of
the parameters such as duct area, analog output range, correction factors, meter
identification or tags, etc. are covered in the next section.

The signal flow diagram which shows the relationship between the various parts of the
Kurz Series MFT display parameters is shown in Appendix. F with a short definition of
each. To configure and manipulate the parameters shown in the signal flow diagram

you will need to consult Appendix E
which contains the Menu-State
diagram 342027-1.2 that shows all
the menus and their order. Between
these diagrams and the basic menu
navigation information described
next, you can figure out anything you
need for your Series MFT unit.

Figure 2. Optional Keypad/LCD. A
small finger or pencil eraser works
best to hit the membrane keypad in
the center of each key. This display
will mount on any 90 ° angle within
the enclosure. Shown here with the
flow body to the right and
power/signal conduit ports on the top
and bottom.

Power-On Sequence

For units with the optional LCD display, you will see:

1. The green back light at power on.

2. The display will show “Kurz Instruments Inc. Display Driver 1.0" for two seconds

3. It will clear then show “Kurz Instruments Inc. MFT V x.xx”.

4. Start scrolling the “executive state” which is defined later. This includes the basic
mode command buttons and the meter summaries. The analog output becomes active
as soon as the executive state is reached which takes about seven seconds for the
whole boot process. The parameters you need to configure or setup your mass flow

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A17

Kurz Instruments Inc.

transmitter are available via the keypad and 2x16 LCD. This section of the manual
presents the material to configure the Kurz Series MFT units.

Overview of the User Interface

After boot up or power on, the unit will scroll the display showing some of the principal
keys to launch operation. The scrolling screens show the meter ID’s, Rate, Totalization
and some of the help screens. This permits viewing of the flow and temperature data
through a glass window without opening the cover or using any special tools. This
power up state is known as the executive mode.

If you access the keypad and press the D function key, this will permit viewing of the
meter data for flow or temperature. Pressing the P function key accesses the
programming mode. The user code is “123456" followed by the E key to accept this

code. If either mode is selected and there is no keypad action within two minutes, it will
revert to the executive mode. It is important to know that while in program mode, the
outputs will not update and will remain frozen at their values when you first entered the
program mode.

All of the above menus may be accessed via the RS-232 or RS-485 ports using a
terminal emulator program (Hyper Terminal). You can set the baud rate between 1200
and 38.4 k. The primary difference is that the new displays scroll up the previous
displays instead of over writing in place like the LCD does. The function keys in terminal
mode are the same as the 4x5 keypad but in lower case. There is also a command
which will turn off the display or echo of the display characters to the serial ports. This is
accomplished by pressing the “+” key, (shift +). Pressing this again will toggle it back on.
The unit still responds to the keyboard commands (q, l, ?, +, esc xxxx) when the echo is

off. The up arrow
from one screen to another. Alternately you can use the down arrow v (small v) or

“NO” to move from one screen to another in the opposite direction. A summary of
these single key commands can be found by pressing ? from the terminal keyboard or

^ (shift 6, above the 6 key) is the same as “YES” and will move you

HH from the keypad. Navigating the Menus

Pressing P or D will advance the menu categories forward in that mode one screen at a
time without changing anything. If you continue pressing the keys, you will end up back

where you started. If you overshoot the menu category of interest, you can backup (v
key). Alternately, you can also move forward with the (^ key). Once you enter a menu

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A18

Kurz Instruments Inc.
category within program or display mode you can only advance the screens with the D

or P key depending on the mode you are in. The ^v keys within the menu categories
are used to change entries or selections.

Selecting Menus

You select a menu category of interest by pressing the E key or Enter on the remote
terminal. Sometimes you have the option of choosing more than one meter, or output

before entering a menu. At these screens the
you first enter. To deselect or get out of a menu you press the C key once or twice

depending on the menu.

^v keys will change the specific menu

Entering Data

You enter data into a menu by typing the number directly from the keypad, including
decimal points. The ^v arrow keys will also change values. When you first enter a
menu, the most significant digit is changed by the ^v keys. If you press a number it

automatically is entered starting at the most significant digit then it moves the entry point
to the right one character. At any time you may change the last entered value with the ^

v

keys.

For menus with multiple selections, the ^v keys are needed to change the selection.
Once you have entered the number or selected the parameter of interest, the value is

accepted by pressing the
Note: When entering meter IDs or other text using a remote terminal, you must use

upper case characters only. The lower case are used for the keyboard commands.

E or enter key.

Clearing Data, Editing Data or Exi ti ng Menus

The D or delete key will clear one character to the left just like a backspace key on a
computer. The C key will clear the whole value in a menu. Pressing the C key a

second time will exit the menu without any change.

Holding a Menu For Display

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A19

Kurz Instruments Inc.

You may freeze or hold any menu beyond the two minute auto-return interval to view the
information like flow rate or temperature by simply pressing the
removed by pressing the C key.

H key. This mode is

Help Display

A list of local commands can be found by pressing the H key twice or HH. The help
screens list the firmware revision level, Kurz telephone and FAX numbers and the
website address.

Flow M e ter Time Constant

There are four different factors controlling the speed of the Series MFT.

• Sensor Response Time (see Brochure)

• ADC Samp le Rate (see configuration changes section for adjustments)

• 4-20 mA Output update rate (see Brochure)

• Meter Filter time constant (see configuration changes section for adjustments)
Depending on the various settings, you can have a response time which is sensor

limited or over damped using the Meter Filter. The net response is the cascade of all the
above. So even if the Meter Filter is at 0 seconds, the response time will still be limited
by the sensor.

Data Logging

The log command is the L key from the local keypad. You get a summary of the meter,
ID, rate and totalization. From a remote terminal this can be initialized using the “l” key,
lower case L. This output from the l command is fairly fast and can be used instead of
the 4 to 20 mA operation if you do some text parsing. This log comes to the same serial
port you communicated with for the remote terminal operation.

This log can be set to start on its own by setting a log interval starting at one minute up
to 999 hours. The format is hhh:mm on the display and you first enter the hours in a
menu screen followed by the minutes (up to 59) menu screen.

Example data from the Series MFT log function or the “l” command:
Host issues l

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A20

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Reply: 13:58 2/09/1999
#1 FT456 0.23459 SCFM 1.238999e3 SCF
#2 TT456 125.71 DEGF

Format:

Time & Date : "Time:" hh: mm mm/dd/yyyy
Meter data: Number, ID, Rate, Rate units, Totalization, Tot. units

Second meter data (typically temperature with no totalization)

The “l” command is issued each time you want the data or use the logging interval to
have results sent to a computer or printer. If the terminal echo is turned on, (+
command), you will have to parse the above information from the other display data.
The phrase "LOGGING DATA TO TERMINAL" will precede the above response and
may show up between the lines of the data. By not using the terminal echo, you can get
a clean uncluttered answer to the “l” command. The + command is a toggle for echo on
and off operation.

The "e" in the totalization number is short hand scientific notation for "x 10^". So the
number 1.234567e3 is 1.234567 x10^3 or 1.234567 x 103.

Configuration Data Storage

The configuration data is stored two ways in the Series MFT(see Figure 3). The primary
method is serial EEPROM on the CPU board. All information about the flow
meter is stored in this memory. In addition, the original Factory configuration of the
sensor data and 4-20 mA calibration is stored in the EEPROMs located on the analog
input and output boards of the unit.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A21

K

.

c

n

I

s

t

e

n

u

m

r

t

s

n

I

u

r

z

User Configurable Data,

read/write memory.

Save the config. on a PC using Xmodem or

MFTCOMM. Data is lost after a firmware

Field Programmable

Firmware. (Instructions)

update and must be reloaded.

Permanent storage of data.

Factory update only. Can be

over ridden by the RAM copy.

S

4-20 mA Board

Meter Data, Range,

CPU Board

T

4

F

4

5

e

s

e

r

i

U

Program in Flash

s

G

e

r

’

s

Alarms etc. in EEPROM

d

e

u

i

2

2

Factory Cal. data in

EEPROM

C

D

Bridge Board

6

:

3

N

Factory Cal. and Sensor

data in EEPROM

2

1

.

7

-

1

9

0

Figure 3. Series MFT Memory Configuration.

Kurz Instruments Inc.

To access the EEPROM memory, you must
enter to the program mode and select the menu item “PRESS E TO LOAD DATA FROM
EEPROM”. The menu will ask you if you want to reload the data from the EEPROMs to

the CPU copy. Press the YES key followed by the E key to initiate the data transfer. After
the process, the data in the CPU will be the same as the data in the EEPROMs (factory
data).

An external method of saving the configuration is available with the upload/download
process via a PC terminal emulator program described next.

Configuration, Upload/Download

The upload/download process allows you to save not only the Factory data but your field
customization in a remote file. The SRAM configuration data is stored external to the
Series MFT by uploading it to a PC running a terminal emulator program with Xmodem.
This will transfer a binary file of about 2.2 kbytes in five seconds at 9600 baud. To
initiate this you enter the command:

EscuploadRet

That is the “esc” or escape key on your keyboard followed by the text “upload” then the
enter key or return key. You will be prompted that it is ready to start the Xmodem
receive on the PC. If you spend too much time (more than 60 seconds) getting started,
you will have to issue the command again.

To copy this configuration back into a unit or transfer it to another Series MFT with the
same configuration file format, you use the command:

EscdownloadRet

That is the “esc” or escape key on your keyboard followed by the text “download” then
the enter key or return key. You will be prompted that it is ready to start the Xmodem
transmit file on the PC. Again you have 60 seconds before it times out.

The above commands are effective only when the Series MFT is in the Executive Mode.
It is recommended to turn OFF the terminal echo during this process to avoid dumping
character strings on the terminal screen. Refer to the section Overview of the user
Interface on how to turn the terminal echo ON and OFF.

To make a printable file of this configuration file you must use MFTCOMM (#451015)
described in Appendix C. This is a Windows program (NT/Win98/95) provided on a 3 ½"

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A23

Kurz Instruments Inc.

floppy disk containing the Factory configuration of your unit.

Calibration of the Analog Output

Operates similarly to the Series 155 Mass Flow Computer. You enter the menu and
must use an external meter to “dial in” the 4.0 mA Zero and then the 20.0 mA Span.

^v keys are used to raise or lower the output until it matches the two conditions

The
listed. Once they are in agreement, you press the

Configuration section of the manual for step-by-step instructions.

E key to accept this value. See the

Calibration of the Analog Input

There is no user calibration of the inputs. This is a Factory process only. If your
transmitter is reading the ambient temperature within a few degrees when the flow rate
is higher than 100 SFPM (0.5 SMPS), then the input is properly calibrated and your
sensor is most likely working also. The Configuration section of the manual discusses
this further.

Alarms: Flow, Pulsed Totali zation and NE-43

The Series MFT has two types of alarms. The basic alarms from the meter value will trip
high, low or high/low with flow or temperature. Two solid state relays are used for this
function. These relays are shared with the pulsed totalizer output. You assign the alarm
relays for meter or totalizer operation.

Sensor failures can also be indicated with the solid state relays or the NE-43 alarm. The
NE-43 alarm is activated by the low or high value kick-out. Normal signals are clipped to
stay between 3.8 and 20.5 mA. Figure 4 shows the NE-43 implementation for the Kurz
MFT Series.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A24

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Figure 4. NE-43 Alarm signaling on the 4-20 mA outputs.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A25

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Configuration Changes

After reading over the basic navigation information in the operation chapter, looking over
the Signal Flow diagram in Appendix F and Menu-State diagram DCN 342027-1.2 in
Appendix E, you can setup or configure anything you need for your Series MFT unit.
This section provides detailed step-by-step setup instructions with explanations of what
the various parameters are for.

Warning: When in Program Mode the analog outputs will freeze at their last value until
you exit this mode. The digital ports, log commands etc. remain operational however.
Any control system using the analog signal from a Series MFT unit should be placed into
manual control before entering program mode to prevent your control loop from latching
up at full or minimum output.

Entering Program Mode

From the Executive mode, press the P key and you will see the following warning
message screens. They will hold about 3 seconds long.

! WARNING ! NO
OUTPUT UPDATES

After approximately 3 seconds you will see the continuation of the warning message.

WHILE IN
PROGRAM MODE

After approximately 3 seconds enter the user access code:
code with the

After you have entered the access code you will see the following category screen.

which will alternate with the message:

E key.

ENTER ACCESS
CODE: ******

PRESS ENTER TO
RESET TOTALIZER

123456 and you accept this

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

27

Kurz Instruments Inc.

PRESS P TO SEE
NEXT CHOICE OR

This is the one of many menu categories within the program mode. You navigate to the
menu category of interest using the
keys to move forward and backwards. Once at the category of interest you press the E

key to enter these menu screens. While in program mode, the category or screen will
remain at a category or screen for two minutes then automatically exit if there is no user
keyboard entry.

P key to advance to the next or you can use the ^v

How to set the Meter ID

First enter program mode. Now using the P key “walk” through the menus until you
reach:

PRESS E TO SET
METER #1, FLOW

You press E to set meter #1 which is assigned for flow rate measurement or press P
until you reach:

PRESS E TO SET
METER #2, TEMP

You press E to set meter #2 which is assigned for temperature measurement. Now you
enter the meter ID:

ENTER METER ID
12345678912

Up to 12 characters can be used for the ID. You can type numbers directly from the
local keypad but must use the

character options are:

!”#$%&’()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Blank

in that order starting with the blank and pressing the
entry, you press the E key. Then you start the process over for the next character. To
correct the last character you press the D or backspace key. The D can be repeated to

clear from the right to the left one character at a time. If you want to clear the whole ID,
press the C key once then start over. Once the meter ID is entered, you press E once

^v keys to select other characters and punctuation. The

^ key. To accept the character

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

28

Kurz Instruments Inc.
or twice depending on how you entered your last character to accept the new ID. Finally

you press C twice to clear back up to the executive state.

Meter ID with a Remote Terminal

If you are using a remote terminal, this process is a lot easier because you place the
keyboard in Caps Lock and start typing your meter ID using all the numbers, letters and
punctuation directly. Keep in mind, after each character, the entry advances to the next
character. If you want to backup or make a correction, you can use the shift D or shift C
to send a lower case c or d which are the same as the local keys on the Kurz
display/keypad. Once the meter ID is entered, you press enter once or twice depending
on how you entered your last character to accept the new ID. Finally you press c twice
to clear back up to the executive state.

Flow Units

In the “SET METER #1, FLOW” menu category, after the meter ID screen, you find the
screen for selecting the flow units, volumetric or mass. The screen shown below has the
“DISPLAY NEXT ^v” where “next” is for the flow units. The options depend on the type
of linearizer data you have. For an insertion unit like the 454FT you can chose SCFM,
SCFH, PPM, PPH for English units and SLPM, SCMH, KGM or KGH for international
units. A typical screen looks like:

DISPLAY NEXT ^v
FLOW IS PPM

To select the units of interest, you use the ^v keys. Once it shows your units, press the

E key to accept it. Duct/Pipe Area

To compute volumetric flow from a velocity measurement we must multiply by the duct
area. You enter this in square feet or square meters depending on your flow units. You

get to this screen from: Program Mode, Meter #1 Flow, press
until you reach the following:

ENTER FLOW AREA
x.xxxxxx sq units

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

29

E then press the P key

Kurz Instruments Inc.
You type the value you want with decimal point then press the E local key or enter to

accept the new value.

Flow M eter Correction Factors

There are three available correction factors. They are:

1. Variable Correction Factor (VCF) which is rate dependent.

2. Bias Correction Factor (BCF) which is a constant.

3. Sensor Blockage Correction Factor (SBCF) which is a constant that depends on
the sensor insertion depth. The SBCF is only applicable to the Insertion Flow
meters.

VCF Setup

To setup the VCF for flow rate, you enter these setup screens from: Program mode,
Meter #1 Flow, press E then press P until you reach the following:

ENTER BIAS CF
BCF = X.XXX

The bias CF(correction factor) is a flow rate independent multiplier to the flow output.
You enter a multiplier if you need to then press E or press P to advance the menu until
you reach.

PRESS E TO SET
VARIABLE FLOW CF

This screen is a status screen showing that you are in the VCF setup area.

ENTER # OF FLOW
DATA SETS X

This screen has the value of 1 to 8, for the number of correction sets or reference
method (RM) data sets. Press E to accept the changes or press P to advance the
menu.

ENTER FLOW
DATA SET #1

Select which of the 8 data sets you want to edit. Press E to accept the changes or

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

30

Kurz Instruments Inc.
press P to advance the menu.

R1=XXX.XXX FUNIT

This is the reference rate, velocity or flow. Press E to accept the changes or press P to
advance. The “FUNIT” is the calibration flow unit, it can be one of the following: SFPM,
SCFM, SMPS or SCMH.

R1=XXX.XXX FUNIT
D1=X.XXXXX FUNIT

This is the Kurz rate, velocity or flow. Press
advance. The next screen starts over at the next numerical data set.

R2=XXX.XXX FUNIT

You can continue as described above or abort by pressing
works at any screen to exit a menu screen and move up to the next menu level. To
setup the VCF for temperature, you enter these setup screens from: Program mode,

Meter #2 Temp, press E then press P until you reach VCF setup.

SBCF Setup

The SBCF is applicable only to Insertion flow meter. To setup the SBCF, you enter these
setup screens from: Program mode, Meter #1 Flow, press E then press P until you

reach the following:

NEXT SENSOR ^v
TYPE sensortype

The sensor type is necessary in the calculation of the SBCF. The FD12 is the only one
available, that is a Large Dual Stainless Metal Clad Sensor with a 3/4 inch probe

support. Press E or P to advance the next screen.

E to accept the changes or press P to

C twice in this case, which

ENTER SUPPORT
DEPTH XX.XXX FT

You enter the insertion depth of the probe. The depth is measured from the sensor middle to
the wall of the pipe or duct. The minimum insertion depth is 0.15 Feet or 0.046 Meter.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

31

Kurz Instruments Inc.
Press E or P to advance the next screen.

SBCF IS X.XXX

This is a status screen showing the SBCF computed from the sensor type, sensor
support depth and area of the duct or pipe. Press E or P to advance the menu.

Low and High Kick-Out

Sensor kick-out is a fault condition you can set to remove a sensor whose flow reading
or temperature reading is out of bounds. Sensor kick-out will set the NE-43 alarm if
turned on. For a single point system like the Series MFT, removing a sensor’s
contribution to the meter causes the output to be zero. You enter these screens from:

Program mode, Meter #1 Flow, press E then press the P key, walking through the
correction factors until you reach the following:

LOW KICK-OUT
AT -50.000 SFPM

followed by:

HIGH KICK-OUT
AT 13000.0 SFPM

then finally:

KICK-OUT IS ON
^=ON v=OFF

where you may disable the kick-out feature. Factory default is “on”. This will determine
the state of the NE- 43 alarm. If it is ON the NE-43 alarm is also ON. If the meter
reading goes lower than the low kick-out setpoint, the 4-20 mA circuit associated to this
meter will forced to output a current lower than 3.6 mA. If the meter reading goes higher
than the high kick-out setpoint, the 4-20 mA circuit associated with this meter will be
forced to output a current higher than 21.0 mA. To setup the low and high kick-out of
the temperature meter, you enter these screens from: Program mode, Meter #2 Temp,

press E then press P until you reach the low and high kick-out setup.

Low Flow Cut-off

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

32

Kurz Instruments Inc.
The low flow cut-off is used to force the flow meter to read zero when the flow rate goes

lower than the low flow cut-off point. To setup the low flow cut-off, you enter these
screens from: Program mode, Meter #1 Flow, press E then press P until you reach the

following low-flow cut-off screens:

LOW FLOW CUT-OFF
AT XXX.XXX MUNIT

Enter the low flow cut-off value. If the flow rate goes below this value, the meter reading
will be forced to read zero. The “MUNIT” is the selected flow unit for the meter, refer to
the section Flow Units. We recommend this be set to the equivalent flow rate of 20
SFPM velocity so it can eliminate the zero drift (totalizer error) due to process
temperature and pressure changes. This will be enabled by selecting it to be ON from
the screen below.

L.F CUT-OFF OFF
^=ON v=OFF

Select ON to enable or OFF to disable.

Scroll Meter

The meter ID, flow or temperature readings and total flow can be scrolled in the
executive state. The following menus control this feature. You get to these screens

from: Program mode then press P key until you reach the following:

PRESS E TO SET
EXEC MODE SCROLL

Press the E key to continue the setup.

SCROLL METER #1
^=YES v=NO YES

This is a on/off menu selected with the ^v keys to enable “METER #1, FLOW” scrolling
in the executive state.

SCROLL METER #2
^=YES v=NO YES

This is a on/off menu selected with the ^v keys to enable “METER #2, TEMP” scrolling
in the executive state.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

33

Kurz Instruments Inc.

SCROLL UPDATE
^v X SEC

This menu selects the time a scroll screen menu is held before it is updated. The hold
time can be selected using the

^v key and the available choices are 2, 4, 6 or 8 seconds.

Meter Filter

Each meter has its own first order or RC type low pass filter. This time constant or
damping coefficient is set in seconds ranging from 0 to 600. If you have a step change in
flow or temperature, in addition to the sensors time constant, the output will be slowed
down electronically. If the filter was set at two seconds, its output would be one time
constant or 63% of its final value in two seconds. It would take about 2.3 time constants
to reach 90% of final value and 4.6 time constants to reach 99% of final value or 1%
settling time. In other words, a 1 % settling time is achieved in 9.2 seconds from a two
second time constant. You get to the Meter Filter category from: Program mode then

press the P key until you reach the following:

PRESS E TO SET
METER FILTER TC

Press E to go into these menus.

TC OF METER #1
IS XXX.XX SEC

At this screen you view the current setting or use the keyboard to enter a new number for
“METER #1, FLOW”. Alternately, you can change with the ^v keys. Press E to accept
the current entry or P to just skip over this screen.

TC OF METER #2
IS XXX.XX SEC

View the current setting or use the keyboard to enter a new number for “METER #2,
TEMP”. Alternately, you can change with the
entry or

P to just skip over this screen.

^v keys. Press E to accept the current

Analog Output Range

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

34

Kurz Instruments Inc.

All flow calculations internal to the Series MFT use floating point numbers. To connect
this large dynamic range to the 4-20 mA analog output (12 bit resolution) we have to
specify the low and high scale values. You can assign either or both analog outputs to
either or both meters. The standard output range is 4-20 mA. If it becomes saturated,
due to process conditions, the output signal is limited to 3.8 mA at the low end and 20.5
mA at the high end. In case of failure, the output signal is forced to less than 3.6 mA or
higher than 21 mA depending to the type of failure. These are the NE 43 alarm levels
which are related to the high and low kick-out (See section on Low and High Kick-out).

You get to the Analog Out category from: Program mode then press the
reach the following:

PRESS E TO SET
ANALOG OUTPUTS

You press the E key to enter the analog output assignment and scales.

PRESS E TO SET
ANALOG OUT #1

At this screen you can select which output you are going to configure using the keypad or
the ^v keys then press E to accept.

P key until you

ANALOG OUT #1
ENTER METER #1

In this screen we now select which meter will be assigned to the analog output we
previously selected.

OUT #1 NEXT TYPE
^v FLOW RATE

In this screen you use the
type followed by the E key to accept your entry.

LO=X.XXXXX UNIT
AT 4.000 mA

^v keys to select FLOW RATE or VELOCITY for the output

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

35

Kurz Instruments Inc.
This screen is where you set the engineering unit (UNIT) value which will correspond to

the low output limit of the 4-20 mA channel. Key in your value or use the ^v keys then
press E to accept the value.

HI=XXXXX.X UNIT
AT 20.000 mA

Now you enter the engineering value you want for the span or 20 mA output current. Key
in your value or use the ^v keys then press E to accept the value. Press P to skip to the

next screen where the above menu screens repeat for Output 2.

Analog Output Calibration

Independent of the analog output range or scale there is a calibration where an external
meter is used to ensure that when the Series MFT unit is sending 20.00 mA that it really
is. This calibration should use a 4 ½ digit DVM that will provide about 0.2 % accuracy for
the 4-20 mA current calibration.

1. Connect the current meter to the output number you are working on. The meter must

be in series with a power supply to operate the opto-isolated output. See the field wiring
diagram DCN 340022 in Appendix D.

2. You get to the Calibrate category from: Program mode then press the P key unt il you

reach the following:

PRESS E TO CALIB
4-20 mA OUTPUTS

You press the E key to enter the output calibration category.

SET 4.000 mA TO
OUT 1 UP=^ DN=v

This screen shows that the Series MFT unit is sending what it thinks is 4.000 mA to
Output #1. You use the up or ^ key to increase the sending current if it is too low and the
down or v key if the current is too high. Each key press will change the output one tick

(one bit of 12) at a time. Holding down the key will only change the value one tick using
the local display, unlike the Series 155 Mass Flow Computers. In terminal mode you can

get more ticks by holding the key. Once it is as close as you like, press the

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

36

E key to

Kurz Instruments Inc.
accept the value or P to skip this screen. The Factory calibration will be so close to what

you need that not much change will be required.

SET 20.000 mA TO
OUT 1 UP=^ DN=v

This screen works the same as the 4.000 mA screen but at the 20.000 mA value.
After you have calibrated Output #1 you will see the screens prompt you for Output #2.

You can do this too or skip with the P key or the C key twice to exit.

Totalizer Reset

The meter totalizer which shows up under the display mode, log command and scroll can
be reset with this menu category. This totalizer has over 12 significant figures and
remains accurate to less than 1% error for several years operation without resetting. As
the numbers get larger, the incremental addition to this value eventually is so small that
round off errors will cause the totalization to start mistracking. So if you want the best
accuracy, it should be reset at convenient maintenance intervals. You get to the Reset

Totalizer category from: Program mode then press the P key until you reach the
following:

PRESS E TO RESET
TOTALIZER

You press E to enter the totalizer reset menu screen.

ARE YOU SURE?
^=YES v=NO: NO

^v keys are used to select “yes” and “no” followed by E to accept the entry. As with

The
all the other program menus, P will skip to the next menu. C will clear the menu

category, leaving this screen without changes.

Time and Date

The Series MFT have a battery backed up real-time clock. This is used only to annotate
the menu screens and log output. The real-time clock is not used for any flow
calculations. It is Y2k compliant between 1900 and 2050 showing a four digit year. You

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

37

Kurz Instruments Inc.
get to Time & Date category from: Program mode then press the P key until you reach

the following:

PRESS E TO SET
TIME & DATE

You press the E key to enter the time and date menu.

HH:MM MM/DD/YYYY
HH

This screen is where you enter the hour in 24 hour format. You can type two digits from
the keypad or change with the ^v keys followed by pressing E to advance to the

minutes.
The process repeats for all entries (hours:minutes month/day/year). You can escape with

partial changes with the C key instead of pressing E consecutively.

Log Interval

The “l” command or L key log can be automatically initiated by the series MFT in one
minute intervals or completely turned off. The log data is transmitted out the RS-232/RS­485 port to a remote computer, terminal, printer, whatever you have connected to that

port. You get to the Log Interval category from: Program mode then press the P key until
you reach the following:

PRESS E TO SET
DATA LOGGING

You press

This screen turns the log on/off using the ^v keys followed by E to accept the change or

E to enter these menu screens.

DATA LOG IS OFF
^=ON v=OFF

P to skip the screen.

NEW LOG HHH:MM
INTERVAL HHH

The current log interval in Hours:Minutes is shown. You can change the hours in this

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

38

Kurz Instruments Inc.
screen by typing the value from the keypad or use the ^v keys followed by the E key to

accept the change.

NEW LOG HHH:MM
INTERVAL : MM

This screen is to set the minutes of the log interval just like the hours.

System Units

The Series MFT flow meters can show data in English or International units. The main
point here is if your flow is SFPM or Standard-Feet-Per-Minute then the temperature will
be DEGF or degrees Fahrenheit. You cannot have mixed units like SFPM and DEGC
at the same time. This affects rates, totalization, flow, temperature, reference
conditions etc. All data viewed about the unit, linearization, correction factors etc., are
converted to the other system units automatically. If your unit was calibrated in English
units but used in international units, the calibration data would not match. To confirm
the data you temporarily set the system of units to those used for the meter calibration
data then set it back to what you want when finished viewing the data. See the Menu
State diagram DCN 342027-1.2x for a listing of all the unit types offered. You get to the

System Of Units category from: Program mode then press the P key until you reach the
following:

PRESS E TO SET
SYSTEM OF UNITS

You press E to select the system of units.

NEXT SYSTEM ^v
ENGLISH

You select between English and International with the ^v keys followed by E to accept
the change.

Alarms

The Series MFT has two SSR alarms which are shared with the pulse output if used.
You can assign the following events to an alarm:

Meter (flow or temperature)
Sensor Kick-out

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

39

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Totalizer Pulse Output (see Set Pulse Output)
Once assigned, the alarm can be On/Off, Normally Open or Closed, Hi, Low, Hi/Low and
the set point for the above. You reach the Alarms category from: Program mode, then

press the P key until you reach the following:

PRESS E TO SET
ALARMS

You press E to choose the alarm setup screens.

PRESS E TO
SET ALARM #1

This screen selects Alarm 1 or 2 with the keypad or ^v keys. Press E to accept the
change or P to skip to the next screen.

ALARM 1
ENTER METER #1

This screen assigns Meter 1 or 2 to Alarm 1. You choose with the keypad or ^v keys
then press E to accept the change.

ALARM 1 IS OFF
^=ON v=OFF

This screen turns Alarm 1 or 2 Off or On no matter its configuration using the ^v keys.
Press E to accept the change or P to skip to the next screen.

ALARM 1 IS N.O.
^=N.O. v=N.C.

This screen selects the closure logic of the SSR. Without the alarm (normal), do you
want the relay closed (normally closed, N.C.) or the relay open (normally open, N.O.).

You make the selection with the

ALARM 1 NEXT ^v
FLOWRATE

This screen selects the alarm type as FLOWRATE, SENSOR KICKOUT or VELOCITY
if it is a flow meter. You select TEMPERATURE OR SENSOR KICKOUT if it’s a
temperature meter. Sensor kick-out means if values set in the Meter kick-out category
are true, then the alarm will trip. Remember, the kick-out differs from a standard alarm

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

^v keys then E to accept the change.

40

Kurz Instruments Inc.
in that the rate output goes to zero for the kick-out (meter response is assumed not

valid). You select the option of interest with the ^v keys then E to accept the new entry.

ALARM IS HOL
NEXT TYPE ^v

This screen is used to select the alarm types other than Kick-out. HI is for alarm on
value going above the setpoint. LO is for alarm on value going below the setpoint. HOL
is alarm if beyond the high setpoint or low setpoint. You select the option of interest with

the ^v keys then E to accept the new entry.

LOW ALARM AT
XX.XXX MUNIT

This is the setpoint screen for a LO or HOL. If the flow goes below this value it will set
the alarm. You enter a value from the keypad or use the ^v keys followed by E to

accept the entry. The High alarm screen is the same as the Low alarm and will show up
if needed for type HI and HOL.

After these screens the menus cycle around for Alarm #2 and repeat all the above.

Pulse Mode Totalizer Output

The pulse output represents a totalized flow. It can be expressed as 100 cubic feet per
pulse, 1000 pounds per pulse etc. Once assigned to an alarm output (see alarms) each
pulse will be a 50 ms (millisecond) contact closure. This emulates the mechanical
systems which flip a switch after so many turns on a wheel. The pulse output is of no
value in measuring rate because the update rate is too slow, about every 110 ms for 60
Hz ADC rate. To get rate with pulses, you need a changing frequency and this output

will not work that fast. You reach the Pulse Output category from: Program mode, then
press the P key until you reach the following:

PRESS E TO SET
TOT PULSE OUTPUT

You press E to enter this category. If you cannot enter the category, your meter was not
purchased with this option.

ENTER PULSE
OUTPUT #1

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

41

Kurz Instruments Inc.
In this screen you enter 1 or 2 for the pulse output to be configured using the keypad or

^v keys followed by E to accept the changes.

PULSE OUTPUT #1
ENTER METER #1

In this screen you select which meter goes with the previously selected pulse output.
You choose 1 or 2 with the keypad or use the ^v keys then press E to accept the

change.

ENTER TUNIT PER
PULSE XXXXX.X

This screen shows you the totalizer units (TUNIT) for the meter selected and you enter
the value per pulse needed. Enter the value using the keypad or ^v keys followed by
pressing E to accept the entry.

PULSE OUTPUT #1
ENTER ALARM #1

This screen is used to assign the pulse output to an actual alarm port or SSR, 1 or 2.
You enter the alarm number from the keypad or use the ^v keys followed by E to

accept the entry. The next screen jumps to pulsed output 2 if configured and you repeat
the above screens.

Sensor Flow Cal i br a ti on Data

The menu category FLOW CAL DATA is for the calibration data or linearization tables,
reference pressure and reference temperature. You reach the FLOW CAL DATA

category from: Program mode, then press the P key until you reach the following:

PRESS E TO SET
FLOW CAL DATA

You press the E key to enter this menu category.

FACTORY STP REF:
77DEGF/14.69PSIA

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

42

Kurz Instruments Inc.
This is a display of the standard reference conditions when it was calibrated from the

factory, press the P key to advance to the next screen.

GAS NAME IS
DRY AIR

This is the name of the gas that was calibrated and the flow calibration data is
referenced. You can change the name of the gas if it is calibrated for a different gas.

Press the P key to advance to the next screen.

NEW TEMP REF
= 77 DEGF

This is the current reference temperature of the calibration data. The reference
temperature can be changed by entering the new value followed by the E key. If the

value is changed, the linearization data and the reference density in the SRAM will be
automatically recalculated for the new reference temperature. Press the P key to

advance to the next screen without change.

NEW PRESS REF
= 14.69 PSIA

This is the current reference pressure of the calibration data. The reference pressure
can be changed by entering the new value followed by the E key. If the value is

changed, the linearization data and the reference density in the SRAM will be
automatically recalculated for the new reference pressure. Press the P key to advance

to the next screen without change.

GAS MOL WT
= 28.960

This is the Molecular Weight of the gas. The value can be changed by entering the new
value followed by the E key. The value can be only changed if it is recalibrated to a
different gas. Press the

NEW REF DENSITY:
= 0.07387 LB/CF

This is a display only screen for the new reference density value. This is a result of the
calculation based on the value of the reference temperature, pressure and Molecular

Weight. Press the

P key to advance to the next screen without change.

P, or E key to advance to the next screen.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

43

Kurz Instruments Inc.

The following screens control the sensor’s calibration data. If you are not very familiar
with this process, do not change any of these settings. Most user changes to a flow
meter’s calibration should be done using the Meter Correction Factors. (See pages 28
to 30)

NEXT TYPE FLOW
UNITS ^v SFPM

This is where you select the calibration flow units, it can be SFPM or SCFM for English
system or SMPS or SCMH for International system. You change the setting using the

^v keys then press E to accept the changes or press the P key to advance to the next

screen without change.

ENTER # OF VTM
DATA SETS 1

This screen is used to specify the number of calibration data sets. Each set is
measured at a different temperature to support VTM (velocity temperature mapping)
which is a more accurate calibration method. The VTM data provides a second order
correction to the temperature compensation of the sensor. You enter a number or use

the ^v keys followed by the E key to accept the changes or press the P key to
advance to the next screen without change.

FLOW DATA FOR
T1= 70.3 DEGF

This screen is used to specify the temperature the Tn (first shown) VTM data set was
calibrated at. The units will change as needed for your system units. You enter the

number or use the
key to advance to the next screen without change.

This screen is used to specify the number of data pairs (current, standard velocity) in
the calibration at the previous calibration temperature. You enter the number you want

or use the

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

^v keys followed by the E key to accept the changes or press the P key

^v keys followed by the E key to accept the changes or press the P

ENTER # OF DATA
PTS AT T1 10

44

Kurz Instruments Inc.
to advance to the next screen without change.

PT T1-1=0.180 A

This screen is used to enter the sensor’s response for data point 1 of temperature set 1
(T1-1) in Ampere (A). You enter the new value from the keypad followed by the E key
to accept the changes. The P key will skip over this screen and you can always use
the key C twice to clear out of this menu category.

PT T1-1=0.180 A
AT 0.0000 SFPM

This screen is for entering the flow rate/velocity corresponding to the sensor response
of data point 1, temperature set T1. You enter the value with the keypad followed by

the E key to accept the changes or press the P key to advance to the next screen
without change.

PT T1-2=0.201 A

This is the sensor response corresponding to the second datapoint of temperature set
T1. You enter the value with the keypad followed by the E key to accept the changes
or press the P key to advance to the next screen without change.

This menu process keeps repeating until you come to the last data pair for temperature
set T1 then if there are more than one data set, it will start over at the next temperature
data set, T2. The screen will start as follows;

FLOW DATA FOR
T2=400.0 DEGF

This screen is the start of calibration data for the second temperature data set (T2)
where you enter the temperature of the next data set. All the screens shown above for

the T1 temperature set will be repeated. You can view the data using the
advance through the menus or the

C key twice to exit the Flow Cal Data category.

P key to

ADC Sample Rate

The input measurement rate is set with this menu. You may select 50, 60 and 250 Hz.
The 250 Hz mode is only available if factory enabled when the unit is ordered. The 50

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

45

Kurz Instruments Inc.
and 60 Hz options have the property that if you have power frequency noise which is

the same as the sample rate it is 100 % rejected. These power frequency rates support
the16 bit input resolution. The 250 Hz mode is for fast measurements but at only 13 bit
resolution making it noisier. You reach the ADC Sample Rate category from: Program

mode, then press the P key until you reach the following:

PRESS E TO SET
ADC SAMPLE RATE

Press E to enter the sample rate screen.

RATE IS 50 Hz
NEXT RATE ^v

You select the ADC rate with the ^v keys then E to accept the entry.

Baud Rate

The Baud rate for both the RS-232 and RS-485 interfaces is programmable at 1200,
2400, 4800, 9600, 14.4 k, 19.2 k and 38.4 k. You reach the RS232 Baud Rate category from:

Program mode, then press the P key until you reach the following:

PRESS E TO SET
RS232 BAUD RATE

You press

You select one of the Baud rates by pressing the ^v keys followed by the E key to
accept the new rate.

E to enter the Baud rate screens.

NEXT BAUDRATE ^v
9600 BAUD

Loading data from EEPROM to SRAM

The data from the SRAM is used by the Microprocessor during run time and can be
changed by the user in the program mode. Some of the factory data is also stored in
the EEPROM. Meter settings, area, IDs, alarms etc. are only stored in SRAM. When it

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

46

Kurz Instruments Inc.
is necessary, the original sensor data from the EEPROM can be loaded to the SRAM.

You reach the Load Data from EEPROM category from:
Program mode, then press the P key until you reach the following:

PRESS E TO LOAD
DATA FROM EEPROM

You press E to enter the load data from EEPROM screens.

RELOAD DATA? NO
YES OR NO

You press the ^ key followed by the E key to load the data to the SRAM or P or C to
exit the Load Data from EEPROM category.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

47

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Insertion Flow Transmitter Calibration

An insertion flow transmitter is a point velocity sensing device. Consequently, the flow
profile of the process which is velocity and temperature dependent must be accounted
for to compute the true flow rate. The true flow rate is the integration (or summation) of
all the small equal areas of flow across the duct. For ducts with repeatable flow
profiles, this issue is handled by using a correction factor other than 1.0 between the
sensors velocity reading and the true average. If the flow profile changes due to flow
mixing at a tee joint, or a moving damper/valve then a multipoint velocity sensing array
like the Kurz K-BAR is needed. For more information, example velocity profiles and
how to correct for them, see Appendix A. We pointed out that for small duct or pipe
sizes (~ 6 inch and less), In-line flow meters can be used which have the flow profile
built-in to the calibration avoiding all these field calibration issues. If you only need
repeatability, and absolute accuracy is not needed, you can skip the in-situ or field
calibration steps described next.

Field Calibrations

The biggest issue with gas flow calibrations is not the sensor’s point velocity calibration,
but the correction factor(s) needed for the application to convert the point velocity
measurement to the average velocity. This process requires an in-situ calibration using
a velocity traverse, tracer dilution or a finite element analysis (FEA) computer simulation
of the flow profiles. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved various
methods for computing flow from velocity traverses. Two popular methods are found in
40CFR60, Appendix A, Methods 1 and 2. Kurz procedure CAL-016 covers STD traverses.

When using a long insertion sensor (thermal, Pitot etc.) to do a velocity transverse, it is
important to account for the probe’s flow blockage at each measurement point. This
sensor blockage correction factor (SBCF) is based on the [Duct Area - (geometric
projection of the probe)]/Duct Area. The True velocity = Indicated velocity x SBCF.
Correction for SBCF is built into the Series MFT.

Kurz Instruments offers in-situ flow calibrations which account for all the profile issues
etc. Both flow profile traversing and tracer gas dilution calibrations are available
through the customer service department [phone] or FAX [phone].

Sensor Velocity Calibration

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

48

Kurz Instruments Inc.

This section describes the gas flow calibration of your insertion flow transmitter which is
a point velocity calibration at the sensor element. Unless you have the facilities, this
calibration should be done by a gas calibration lab or the manufacturer. The interval of
calibration is based on your dirt buildups, sensor erosion, or QA requirements. With no
external factors on the sensor, there are no intrinsic sources of drift in the Kurz
MetalClad™ sensors.

Factory Calibrations

Two methods of velocity calibration are used depending on the gas type to be
calibrated. For both Air calibrations and gas correlations a transfer standard is used
where the unit under calibration and the reference standard are in the same plane
perpendicular to the flow. The wind tunnel has a relatively flat velocity profile and
locating them in the same sensing plane automatically accounts for sensor blockage.
For other gases, a special ducted section on a mass flow calibration system is used.
Here the sensor blockage and effective area of the calibration section are used to
convert the mass flow to mass flow per unit area or Standard Velocity. These mass
flow calibrations are generally performed at room temperature and pressure but can be
performed at elevated pressures to account for pressure dependent viscosity induced
errors. Figures 5 and 6 show a typical calibration data sheet and graph of the sensor
response versus standard velocity.

The nonlinear nature of the sensor output is shown in Figure 6. The Series MFT
microprocessor converts this signal to a linearly proportional one using a second order
moving curve fit to the data. Beyond the calibration range the data are extrapolated
linearly from the last two data points. For this reason, it is important that the unit is
ordered to cover the range of use for the best tracking.

User Calibrations

If you have the proper facilities, you may take your own data set and program it into
your flow transmitter. To ease this task, there is a display screen that shows the sensor
response, filtered to simplify the data averaging operation. The filter time constant is
the same as the filter time constant used by meter #1. The same screen is used by
Kurz and its subcontractors for manual calibrations of the unit. To enter the manual

calibration screen, you enter Display Mode and use the ^ key until you reach the
following:

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

49

Kurz Instruments Inc.

DISPLAY NEXT ^v
METER #1, FLOW

Press the D key until you reach the following;

IRP=0.1641 A
AT X.XXXX FUNIT

This screen shows the filtered sensor current in Ampere (A) to make it easier to record
with your rate/velocity data. Once at this screen, press H to place on hold so the

screen will not revert to the Executive Mode. Remember you need about five time
constants to let the filter response settle within 1% of the true reading. When finished,

press the C key to clear the hold and the C key again to return to Executive Mode.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

50

CALIBRATION DATA AND CERTIFICATION DOCUMENT

KURZ INSTRUMENTS, INC.
2411 GARDEN ROAD
MONTEREY, CA. 93940

1-(800)-424-7356 (831)-646-5911 FAX [phone]

Web Site: www.kurz-instruments.com

SENSOR CALIBRATION DATA
Serial Number/Filename: FD2799A/FD2799A.cca
Calibration Date: 11-24-1998

Customer Code/Customer Name: _0000/_KURZ INSTRUMENTS

Purchase Order No.:

Model No.: 454FT

Part No.: -000
MAPICS Item No.: _000

Flow Units: SFPM

Reference Fluid: Air

Standard Conditions(English & Metric units): _77 Degrees F and _29.92 inHg

Point Rp Current Velocity Velocity
No. A dc
======================================
1 0
2

0.2095 108.777
3 0.2365 221.485
4 0.2822 642.932
5 0.3094 1127.218 5.7260

0.3491 2181.521 11.0816

6

0.3755 3352.513 17.0299

7

0.3963 4464.729 22.6797

8

0.4202 6097.083 30.9717

9

0.4555 9600.662 48.7690

10

0.4780 12250.348 62.2287

11

.1526 0.000 0.0000

SFPM

SMPS

0.5526

1.1251

3.2659

NOTE: Current was measured directly by the calibrated unit.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------­Kurz Model 400D Wind Tunnel Calibration System

FLOW ELEMENT CALIBRATION REFERENCE
Model No.: 450-08, S/N: Model No.: LDAS-16
NIST Calibration Due Date: Serial No.: 9513-0017

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This instrument was calibrated with measuring and test equipment with certified NIST traceability.
(Copies with applicable NIST numbers are available upon request). The calibration of this instrument was
performed to meet or exceed the requirements of: A. ISO-9001, B. ANSI/NCSL Z540 and C. ISO/IEC GUIDE 25.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Wind Tunnel Operator: ______________________________________ Date:___________________________

Quality Control: ____________________________________________ Date:___________________________

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

Figure 5. Typical Calibration Certification Sheet. 52

KURZ INSTRUMENTS, INC.

2411 GARDEN ROAD

MONTEREY, CA. 93940

1-(800)-424-7356 (831)-646-5911 FAX [phone]

Web Site: www.kurz-instruments.com

FLOW ELEMENT CALIBRATION CURVE

Flow Element Serial No.: FD2799A
Customer Code/Name: _0000/_KURZ INSTRUMENTS
Purchase Order No.:
Model No.: 454FT
Part No.: -000
STD. Conditions: _77 Degrees F and _29.92 inHg

0.517

0.470

0.423

0.376

0.329

0.282

Filename: FD2799A.cca
Cal. Date: 11-24-1998
MAPICS Item No.: _000
Medium: Air

0.235

0.188

Rp Current (A dc)

0.141

0.094

0.047

0

1200 2400 3600 4800 6000 7200 8400 9600 10800 120000 13200

Flowrate (SFPM)

Figure 6. Typical Calibration Curve. 53

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

This section covers some of the common issues needed to maintain your Series MFT
flow transmitter and to help isolate trouble. The troubleshooting chart in Table 2
covers most of the electronics, flow and maintenance issues that would come up. If
after going through all of this you still can not isolate the trouble, contact our customer
service department for additional help.

Maintenance

The thermal anemometer has no moving parts so there is not too much to the
maintenance except cleaning and inspection for corrosion and environmental damage.
When an application is first started or changes, the sensor should be inspected for dirt
build up and a cleaning schedule established as required. There are two approaches
to sensor dirt, which is used will depend on the type of dirt.

For dry powdered dirt, the sensor will reach a steady state dust load and should be
field calibrated with this level of dirt on the sensor. For sticky dirt that just builds up
over time, periodic cleaning is needed for the best results. Calibration strategies vary
depending on the cleaning schedule of the sensor(is the sensor clean, has a typical
dirt load, or maximum dirt load just prior to cleaning). This establishes the bounds on
the calibration errors and/or provides the data to compensate for the dirt over time.
The effect of dirt accumulation in most cases on a thermal anemometer is to reduce
the reading for a given flow rate. The best way to know the impact of the dirt is to
check the calibration against some known reference (second unit or method). Despite
the above discussion, it is the tolerance for dirt that makes the thermal anemometer a
great industrial product. In contrast, turbines or Pitot tubes will completely stop
working in dirty environments.

When cleaning, a stiff horse-hair brush with soap is recommended to clean the sensor.
More aggressive cleaners are used at your own risk. Be careful not to bend the sensor
elements as this can change the calibration or damage the unit. Corrosion of the
sensor probe or probe support will eventually cause contamination to get into the
sensor or electronics and the unit will fail shortly thereafter.

After about five years the 3 V lithium cell which backups up the configuration data can
give out. This lifetime depends on unit temperature and time spent with the power off.
It is expected to last ten years. A preventative maintenance schedule would replace it

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

54

Kurz Instruments Inc.

before it goes out. See the electronics section in this chapter to measure the cell
voltage.

Flow issues

The most common accuracy problem with an insertion flow element or transmitter (all
point velocity technologies: Pitot, thermal, turbine, vortex) is that it measures at a point,
which is the sensor’s location, not the duct average flow. Ignoring this issue can cause
a 30% error at low flow that diminishes at higher flow rates due to the duct velocity
profile. Unless you have invested the time in field calibrations, only relative
measurements can be made. Accuracy requires a field calibration. On the other
hand, to avoid this field calibration issue, the in-line flow meters will provide an
accurate “out of the box” calibration. Of course you must follow the guidelines to avoid
flow disruptions from being too close to the sensor.

For either in-line or insertion flow transmitters, locating a sensor close to a valve (up or
down stream) will give different readings (up to 15 % for in-line and much more for
insertion) depending on the position of the valve even at the same average flow rate.
Uninsulated pipe/duct can have a temperature profile which will make the sensor
reading too high or low depending on the sensor location and the duct’s radial
temperature gradient. A unit inserted with the velocity element in the center or on the
insertion side of center will read lower for ducts with a hot core and colder walls than
the same duct with no thermal gradient. Conversely, It will read high if the duct core is
cold and the walls hot. A unit inserted beyond center or the far side of the duct will
have the opposite shift from that described above for the same thermal gradient.

Sensor

Much of what is listed here does not need to be checked if the ambient temperature
readings are correct. For the transmitter separate (TS) versions you have access to
the sensor RTD leads to facilitate troubleshooting. There are five sensor wires for the
two RTDs. The two white leads connect to a 300 Ω=±=1%=@ 0 °C platinum element.
The two red leads connect to one side of a 9 Ω ±=3%@ 0 °C element whose other side
is the yellow lead. The two red leads should measure below 2 Ω measured between
them including any extra wire from a transmitter separate configuration. The platinum
element resistance goes as: R = R0[1+ T(alpha - beta T)] where alpha = 0.003908 and
beta = 5.80 x 10
C.

Sensor leakage resistance between elements or to ground should be 1 MΩ or higher
as measured with a 10 V or larger test voltage. Do not use a standard DVM because

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

-7

, R0 is the RTD at 0 °C and T is the ambient temperature in degrees

55

Kurz Instruments Inc.

its ohm meter test voltage is too low to overcome the electrochemical cell voltage from
small amounts of contamination which are not important yet fool the ohm meter. We
typically use the 24 VDC supply applied between the elements (one white lead to the
yellow) an make sure the leakage current is less than 24 µA. Next we check the white
to sensor case then the yellow to sensor case to ensure its leakage is less than 24 µA.
The leakage and resistance test should be made at normal process operation
temperatures.

Electronics

Removal of the electronics boards except the LCD/keypad for orientation changes is
not recommended. The field servicing of the Series MFT at the board level is handled
with the customer service department and is not discussed in this manual.

WARNING: Proper ESD handling practice must be used when removing electronics
boards from the unit. The technician must use a ground strap between themselves
and the units chassis.

Bootup or power up error messages are described on the last sheet of the Menu State
diagram in Appendix E.

The configuration memory or SRAM 3 V cell voltage can be easily tested with a
voltmeter by removing the LCD/keypad or cover plate then placing the + lead on the
coin cell and the - lead on the PCB mounting hardware or enclosure metal. A new cell
will read above 3.0 V and cells bellow 2.5 V are dead. Less than 2.0 V and the SRAM
will not hold the configuration when the power is off.

Power supplies: If the LCD/keypad is working, then the +/- 5 VDC power is ok. If the
display is back lit but there are no characters and the RS-232 is working, then the - 5 V
supply may not be working, see Table 2 for more common possibilities about the
display. If the unit measures the ambient temperature correctly then most likely all the
power supplies are working, the sensor is good and the input calibrations are good.

Keypad Test: If you temporarily remove the W1 Run/Program jumper on the CPU
board, reassemble and reboot, you can press all the keys and see them on the LCD

after each press. The E key looks funny like an “ear”, but this is normal and the other
keys are lower case characters or numbers. After you place the W1 shunt back on the
two-pin post, you must reboot to restore normal operation.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

56

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Resetable Fuses: The main power, self powered 4-20 mA output (+VC) and alarm
contacts are protected by PTCs (Positive Temperature Coefficient tripped resetable
fuses). These are solid state, sealed, resetable fuses that when overloaded will heat
up then go to a high impedance state reducing the current flow. They can only be
reset by removing the fault applied voltage. You cycle the power and allow to cool
about half a minute then apply power again. Generally, these will not trip unless there
is something wrong and this requires troubleshooting. False tripping can occur at very
high (higher than rated) ambient temperatures and high load current. Due to their
thermal nature, the devices are more like slow-blow fuses that can be reset. The field
wiring diagram examples in Appendix D show the nominal value of these devices at
room temperature.

IO Board Surge Protection: All the terminals of the I/O board have MOV (Metal Oxide
Varistor) surge protection. Many but not all terminals are shown with MOV protection
on the field wiring diagram, see Appendix D. This prevents damage from ESD,
lightening etc. to your unit. If you exceed the nominal 24 V type signal levels this unit
is designed for, the MOVs will clamp the surge. These solid state devices are instant
on/off. Sustained or continuous over voltage conditions will burnout these devices.
They typically fail shorted if abused.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

57

Kurz Instruments Inc.

TABLE 2

TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
Symptom Possible Reasons
No 4-20 mA

signal

Output Signal
“motor boating”

4-20 mA does not
change with flow

• Loss of power to the “4-wire” transmitter.

• Reversed polarity on 24 V power or 4-20 mA leads.

• Self powered 4-20 mA units may have no power from
the user’s supply.

• Open circuit in wiring.

• Loose ribbon cable connections between the user I/O
board and enclosure feed-through.

• Power supply shutdown after being powered from 230
VAC when wired for 115 VAC or the fuse blew.
Excessive DC voltage for the 24 VDC units can do this
too.

• Run/Program shunt W1 on the CPU board has been
removed.

• Damaged Electronics.

• Sensor has too much leakage current, corrosion or
water damage.

• Defective Bridge Board.

• Are you connected to the temperature output instead of
the flow?

• What is your programmed scale for the output, is it too
large?

• Defective Sensor, Bridge or Electronics.

• Is the sensor cover removed?

Unit does not
read zero at zero
flow

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

• The gas type or pressure may be different than when
calibrated.

• Defective electronics, Bridge or Sensor.

58

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Unit saturates
before reaching
full scale.

Calibration is too
low.

Calibration is too
high.

• User selected output range is too low and 4-20 mA is
clipping.

• Unit calibrated for a lower flow rate at the Factory.

• Unit calibrated for the wrong gas.

• Defective bridge board or electronics.

• Is the sensor orientated to the flow correctly?

• Was the unit calibrated for the gas type in use?

• Has the unit been set up fo r the duct’s velocity profile?
(See Appendix A)

• Is there a temperature profile near the sensor? (e.g. hot
duct center, cold outside)

• Dirt will generally cause the reading to fall off from
proper calibration.

• Is the 4-20 mA output calibrated?

• Is the operation temperature several hundred degrees C
higher than calibrated at for higher flow rates?

• Have sensor blockage & flow profile effects been
accounted for? This is a significant factor in ducts
measuring less than 1 ft².

• Is the sensor orientated to the flow correctly?

• Was the unit calibrated for the gas type in use?

• Is there a temperature profile near the sensor? (e.g. hot
duct center, cold outside)

• Is there condensation on the sensor?

• Is there pulsating flow noise ? (e.g. from a pump inlet or
exhaust)

• Is the 4-20 mA calibrated?

• Is the operation temperature several hundred degrees C
higher than calibrated at for lower flow rates?

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

60

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Calibration does
not track with
temperature.

4-20 mA output is
“noisy”.

“Cross talk”
between Isolated
4-20mA outputs.

Temperature
reads high.

• Measurement is not actual velocity. Unit measures
(density x velocity) or mass-rate per unit-area. (See
Appendix A for information on converting to actual
velocity).

• Should you have used the VTM calibration method?

• Is there a temperature profile near the sensor? (e.g. hot
duct center, cold outside)

• If you think it still is not tracking it may be a defective
sensor or bridge board.

• Missing ground?

• Poor electrical contact. Make sure all electrical
connections are clean and tight.

• “Isolated” 4-20mA outputs may be tied to unnecessary
grounds or the outputs are jumpered in the self-powered
instead of the loop-powered 4-20 mA output
configuration causing them to be nonisolated.

• Check 5-wire sensor wiring for TS version.

• At zero flow it will read about 10 °F above ambient.
Above 50 SFPM it will be within a few degrees of the
correct temperature.

• What is your programmed output scale?

• Sensor is defective?

• Bridge board input calibration is off or a defective board.

Temperature
reads low.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

• Check 5-wire sensor wiring for TS version.

• What is your programmed output scale?

• Sensor is defective?

• Bridge board input calibration is off or a defective board.

61

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Unit will not boot­up correctly.

Display is blank • No power to the unit. See: no 4-20 mA signal.

Back light is on
but no characters
on LCD

• Sensor serial number has been changed from the
Factory setting, bridge board or CPU has been
swapped. Look at last sheet of State-Menu diagram for
LCD screens, Appendix E.

• Battery for SRAM has gone dead giving the serial
number mismatch error. See Appendix E.

• EEPROM or board has defective input or output
electronics. See Appendix E.

• CPU is def ective.

• Loose connectors between LCD and CPU board.

• Defective electronics.

• LCD contrast pot needs adjustment.

• Loose connectors between LCD and CPU board.

• Run/Program jumper W1 on the CPU board has been
removed.

• Defective electronics.

Display is on but
only reads:

“Kurz Instruments
Disp Driver V 1.x”

No RS-232 or
RS-485 signal

NE-43 Alarm not
working properly

• The CPU is not working correctly.

- Could be the Run/Program shunt W1 is not installed.

- Program in Flash memory is corrupted and must be

reloaded.

• Loose connector to the display?

• Check the Jumper W3 on the user I/O board for the
proper RS-232/RS-485 position. Only one of the two
signals can be used at a time.

• Check pin-out of RS-232. Straight through DE-9 to DE-9
female to a laptop is recommended.

• Check polarity of RS-485 wiring and pin-out.

• Check the settings of the flow and temperature meter
kickout values. The kickout high/low control the NE-43
alarm. Flows above the kickout value will set the high
NE-43 alarm (> 21 mA) and flows below the low kickout
value will set the low NE-43 alarm (< 3.6 mA)

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

62

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Return Shipment

RMA (Return Material Authorization) Number

If you believe your unit is not working properly, contact the Kurz Customer Service
Department at: [phone] or send E-mail to [e-mail].
Please have the following information ready to give to the Kurz Customer Service
Representative :

• Defective unit’s model number and serial number

• Detailed description of application and type of environment unit is being used in

• Detailed description of perceived problem

• Type of gas, Flow range, and standard conditions unit is to be recalibrated at

• Any special QA requirements (nuclear or military application, oxygen service,
special calibration or certification etc).

• Technical contact’s name and phone number

• Billing contact’s name and phone number

• Complete shipping address

• Complete billing address

You will then be issued an RMA number. Kurz personnel will refuse to accept

return material shipments if an RMA number is not visible on the outside surface
of the shipping container.

Cleaning of Material to be Returned

Thoroughly clean all material to be returned to Kurz. Because we serve a diverse
customer base, there is a risk of receiving contaminated returned material from our
customers. When uncleaned material is received at Kurz, the customer will be

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

65

Kurz Instruments Inc.

contacted to arrange at their expense for the material to be picked up from Kurz
and cleaned before Kurz personnel handle the equipment.

Shipping Material to be Returned

Securely package cleaned material (When uncleaned material is received at Kurz,
the customer will be contacted to arrange at their expense for the material to be
picked up from Kurz and cleaned before Kurz personnel handle the equipment)

along with a packing slip referencing the RMA number, model number and serial
number in a sturdy container with the return address and RMA number clearly marked
on the outside surface of the container. Kurz personnel will refuse to accept return

material shipments if an RMA number is not visible on the outside surface of the
shipping container.

Ship pre-paid to the following address:
KURZ INSTRUMENTS INC

CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPT
2411 GARDEN RD
MONTEREY CA 93940-5394
USA

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

66

Kurz Instruments Inc.

GLOSSARY

CORRECTION FACTOR: For insertion flow transmitters this is a number typically between

0.7 and 1.0 needed to convert a point velocity reading to the true duct average. This
number is velocity or flow rate dependent. It can also be used to trim an in-line flow
transmitter but the numbers are much closer to unity since the velocity profile
information is built into the calibration.

DEGC: Degrees Celsius.
DEGF: Degrees Fahrenheit.
DISPLAY MODE: The set of display menus for viewing the meter readings.
EEPROM: Nonvolatile solid state memory device.
EXECUTIVE MODE: This is the menu-state the flow meter starts in. You branch to Display

Mode, Program Mode or can view the meter summaries from their scroll.

FLASH MEMORY: Nonvolatile reprogrammable solid state memory device used for program

memory. Kurz procedure 360198 explains the steps needed to do a firmware update.

KGH: KiloGrams-per-Hour
KGM: KiloGrams-per-Minute
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display. A 2 line by 16 character, backlit display is available for the

Series MFT

L/D: This is the Length to Diameter ratio in a pipe or duct between two locations. This non

dimensional parameter is a comparative metric used to measure the distance between a
flow disturbance and a measurement point. Both upstream, and downstream values are
needed to quantify an installation.

MASS FLOW: Mass per unit time (i.e. Kg/s). This is the standard volumetric flow multiplied

by the standard density.

MENU-STATE: A viewing or display screen of the LCD. See drawing DCN 342027 in

Appendix E for a comprehensive listing of the menu-states.

MENU SCREEN: Any screen where data is presented or can be changed. Menu screens are

found within or under the menu categories.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

67

Kurz Instruments Inc.

MENU CATEGORY: The top level screens within program or display mode are menu

categories.

METER: A virtual single task device which measures an engineering value and may totalize its

rate.

MFT: Mass Flow Transmitter. This is the general name given to several Series of flow meters

from Kurz Instruments which all share the same firmware.

PARSE: This is the text processing algorithm required to separate data values from a string of

data.

PPH: Pounds-per-Hour
PPM: Pounds-per-Minute
PROFILE: See Velocity Profile.
PROGRAM MODE: The set of display menus for programming or configuring the meter.
PSIA: Pounds per Square Inch, Absolute pressure reference.
REBOOT: When a computer restarts there is a delay from the power on until it is operating

normally. During this time it is loading its programs, doing some testing and initializing
things. For the Series MFT this takes about seven seconds.

SBCF: Sensor Blockage Correction Factor. This is the geometric projection of the sensor

element and probe support area subtracted from the duct area, this quantity normalized
by the duct area.

SCFH: Standard Cubic Feet-per-Hour
SCFM: Standard Cubic Feet-per-Minute
SCMH: Standard Cubic Meters-per-Hour
SCMM: Standard Cubic Meters-per-Minute
SCMS: Standard Cubic Meters-per-Second
SFPM: Standard Feet-per-Minute

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

68

Kurz Instruments Inc.

SMPS: Standard Meters-per-Second
SPECIFIC HUMIDITY: The absolute ratio of water mass to dry Air mass is the specific

humidity ω. The saturation point of water vapor in Air is temperature dependent. The
percentage water vapor compared to the saturation point is known as relative humidity
given in a percentage by the weather forecasters.

STANDARD VOLUMETRIC FLOW: is the ρv product multiplied by an area (like a pipe
cross section), normalized to a standard density.

Standard Volumetric Flow = Area x (Standard Velocity)

= Aρv/ρ

s

where ρ=is the actual density, v is the actual velocity and=ρs is the standard gas density
and A is the area.

STANDARD VELOCITY: is the ρv product normalized to a standard density.

Standard Velocity = ρv/ρs with units of velocity

where ρ=is the actual density, v is the actual velocity and=ρs is the standard gas density.
For air this is 0.07387 lb/ft3 at 25 °C and 29.92 in Hg.

VTM: Velocity Temperature Mapping. This is a calibration method where data at several

temperatures are loaded into the flow meter. Flow signal linearization and then
interpolation between the different temperature data sets are performed. This method is
a second order correction to the sensors response and provides a more accurate
temperature compensated flow measurement.

VELOCITY PROFILE: Due to drag and viscous fluid flow, the velocity in a duct tends to be its

highest in the center and goes to zero at the duct walls. This shape is bullet nose at low
velocities known as laminar, and flattens out at the higher more turbulent flow rates. A
velocity dependent correction factor is measured based on an in-situ calibration to
accurately convert the sensors velocity reading to the true average for computing flow or
mass flow.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

69

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Appendix A

Thermal Anemometer Measurements

The Kurz thermal anemometers use two RTDs, one heated 50 to 100 °C above the

ambient, the other monitors the ambient. The current required to keep the velocity element
heated is the parameter calibrated in our wind tunnels.

Mass Rate

What does a thermal flow sensor measure? Because of the equations of forced
convective heat transfer, the output of any thermal anemometer is proportional to the
sensor’s Reynolds number (Re). Looking at the Reynolds number we can see how it
measures mass rate per unit area, NOT volumetric flow rate. Therefore, the thermal
anemometer automatically compensates for density.

Because a thermal anemometer measures the unit-area mass flow, it can be said to
measure mass rate. In other words, it measures the true velocity, weighted by the
density of the flowing gas. If the mass rate is normalized by a known density, it has
velocity units, a term know as standard velocity. The next section helps explain where
these ideas come from.

Mass Flow Equations

Reynolds Number

Lets look at the Reynolds number since it is proportional to the sensor’s power or current
when heated X degrees above the ambient:

where

ρ = actual density
v = actual velocity
d = sensor’s diameter
µ = gas viscosity

Re 

 ρ



vd

µ

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

A1

Kurz Instruments Inc.

It is the density and velocity (ρv) product that makes the thermal anemometer a mass flow
meter. Density (ρ) has units of mass/volume and velocity (v) has units of length/time. So
the ρv product has units of (mass/time)/area or mass rate per unit area.

For example:

The sensor is sensitive to the energy that the gas molecules hitting it take away in the
form of heat. This energy is proportional to the size and number of molecules that hit the
sensor. It does not know about density and velocity. Small light gas molecules like
hydrogen (H

) having a large surface area to mass ratio, are more efficient at transferring

2

the vibrational heat energy of the sensor surface than large heavy molecules like Argon
(Ar) having a small surface area to mass ratio.

Standard Velocity is the ρv product normalized to a standard density.

ρ is kg/m3, v is m/s

so ρv is (kg/s)/m2

Standard Velocity = ρv/ρ

s

where ρs is the standard gas density. For air this is 0.07387 lb/ft3 at 25 °C and

29.92 in Hg.

Note: the density units cancel and you are left with velocity (m/s). Typical units are:
Standard Feet Per Minute (SFPM) or Standard Meters Per Second (SMPS). If the gas
density doubled (you went from 15 PSIA to 30 PSIA) at the same actual velocity, the
standard velocity would double. This also means that if the process gas is at the same
temperature and pressure as the standard condition or the same density, the standard
velocity and actual velocity are identical.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

A2

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Standard Volumetric Flow is the ρv product multiplied by an area (like a pipe cross
section), normalized to a standard density

Standard Volumetric Flow = Area x (Standard Velocity)

where A is the area:

= Aρv/ρ

s

The units here are volume/time (m

3

/s)

Typical Displayed units are:

SCFM, Standard Cubic Feet-per-Minute
SCMM, Standard Cubic Meters-per-Minute
SCFH, Standard Cubic Feet-per-Hour
SCMH, Standard Cubic Meters-per-Hour

Mass Flow is obtained by simply multiplying the Standard Volumetric Flow by the Standard Density.

Mass Flow = (Standard Volumetric Flow) x ρ

s

=Aρv

The units here are mass/time (kg/s)

Typical units are:

PPH, Pounds-per-Hour
KGH, Kilograms-per-Hour

Different gases have different standard densities. This is often described as a reference
density (air) multiplied by a specific gravity (sg).

s=ρair

sg

ρ

Then:

Mass Flow = (Standard Volumetric Flow) x ρ

= A(vρ/ρs) ρ

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

sg

air

A3

sg

air

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Conversion of Standard Velocity or Standard Volumetric Flow to actual requires only
scaling the result for the gas density according to the ideal gas law.

V

= Vs (Ps/Pa)(Ta/Ts)

a

or

Fa = Fs (Ps/Pa)(Ta/Ts)

where V

is actual velocity, Vs is standard velocity

a

F

is actual volumetric flow, Fs is standard volumetric flow

a

is the standard pressure in absolute units

P

s

Pa is the actual pressure in absolute units
T

is the actual temperature in absolute units (Kelvin or Rankin)

a

Ts is the standard temperature in absolute units (Kelvin or Rankin)
Note: °K = °C + 273.16, °R = °F + 459.67

Gas Property Induced Errors

There are secondary effects which cause mistracking of the idea thermal anemometer.
` Pressure changes will affect the calibration for some gasses. For example, N

has a large 2.5% /100 psi shift in its viscosity which changes its mass flow reading
the same amount. By contrast He has nearly no viscosity change with pressure.

` Temperature changes will affect the gas thermal conductivity and viscosity so

the calibration will drift. This is typically 2.5% /100 °C. The minimum drift
occurs near 3000 SFPM where the dynamic temperature compensation is
performed.

` Temperature profiles in the pipe will produce flow errors. This is caused by

using uninsulated pipe upstream of the sensor where the gas is above or below the
ambient temperature.

2

` Low flow free convective heat transfer forces compete with forced convective

and conductive heat transfer forces for power. This causes measurable errors
(depending on gas type, temperature, pressure, and orientation of sensor to both
flow and gravity) starting at about 300 SFPM and becomes significant down at
about 100 SFPM.

• Wet vs. Dry Flow Rate: The thermal anemometer responds to all gas molecules

which hit it. In the case of water vapor(H20) dissolved in Air, it reads what is
know as wet standard volumetric flow or WSCFM. For intake combustion
processes you want to know the dry standard volumetric flow or DSCFM which is
21% O2 so your fuel air ratio can be properly computed. Knowing the specific

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

A4

Kurz Instruments Inc.

humidity ratio ω you can use the following equation up to 5% ω and get results
within 1%:

DSCFM = WSCFM x 0.622/(0.622 + ω)

For example. In Monterey California, a typical dew point of 14° C
corresponds to 70 grains/lb of Air based on the Psychrometric chart. Since
there are 7000 grains per pound this is 1% specific humidity (ω = 0.01).
Therefore DSCFM = WSCFM x 0.622/(0.622 +0.01) = WSCFM x 0.984.
In other words, 1.6% if the Air by volume is water vapor. See the Kurz
technical note on our web-site for a derivation of the above equation.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

A5

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Flow Profiles And Correction Factors.

At low velocity, a laminar velocity profile develops across the pipe cross section as
shown in the figure. Note that the peak velocity is about 30% higher than the velocity
average (V average).

At higher flow rates, a flatter velocity profile develops where the peak velocity is closer
to the average. So depending on where the sensor is located, it will read a different
fraction of the average velocity. It is the average velocity multiplied by the cross
sectional area that will obtain the total flow.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

A6

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Correction Factors

The use of a velocity dependent correction factor can convert the local velocity
measurement to average velocity.

Flow = V

1

0.9

0.8

cf(

)v

0.7

Correction Factor (Vpeak/Vaverag e)

0.6

0.5

0

2000

*Area*cf(V

local

4000

Sensor local velocity (SFPM)

6000

v

local

)

8000

4

1

10

1.2

4

10

The above correction factor curve was measured from a 4" ID pipe with a ½" welded
support, triple sting CD sensor. For other sized ducts, the data can be scaled by the
Reynolds Number.

Use Of The Flow Equations In The Kurz Mass Flow Computer

Single Point Insertion Flow Elements like the 410, 450, 452 and 454FT flow

transmitter are calibrated as velocity devices in gas X. You can display standard velocity,
or with application specific information you can display standard volumetric flow and
mass flow:

Area,
Sensor and probe support blockage
Correction factor (velocity profile)
Gas specific gravity when reading mass flow

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

A7

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Multi-point Insertion Flow Elements (K-BAR) are also calibrated as a velocity devices in gas X. You can display standard velocity or with application specific information you can display standard volumetric flow and mass flow:

Area
Sensor and probe support blockage
Correction factor (velocity profile). This tends to be automatic since the velocity
is measured across the duct at equal area locations.
Gas specific gravity, when reading mass flow.

In-line Flow Elements (510, 502, 522UHP, 532) and the 504/534FT flow transmitter are calibrated as standard volumetric flow devices in gas X. You can display standard volumetric flow or with application specific information it will display standard velocity or mass flow:

Area,
Sensor and probe support blockage
Correction factor (velocity profile)
Gas specific gravity when reading mass flow

To maintain the Factory calibration on in-line units requires adherence to the
recommended L/D upstream and downstream criteria. This ensures the long pipe
run velocity profile when used in the field.

Example L/D criteria: Model 502-16

L/D is from the
heated sensor to

90 ° Elbow at x
L/D

Calibration Error

the disturbance

10 11 %
20 2.5 %
30 < 0.5 %

These lengths are reduced significantly [factors of 16, area-ratio

2

. Area-ratio =
Free pipe area/(venturi throat area)] for flow elements and transmitters that have
a venturi flow conditioner like the 542 and 534FT.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

A8

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Problems:

Air flow of 100,000 lb/hr through a 3' x 3' square duct, 90ºF, 20 PSIG

a. What is mass flow in SCFM _________________________________

b. What is velocity in SFPM ___________________________________

c. The actual velocity is ______________________________________

d. What range does Kurz calibrate to ____________________________

Nitrogen flow of 10 ACFM through a 3" Schedule 40 pipe, 110ºF, 50 PSIG

e. What is the area __________________________________________

f. What is the flow rate in SCFM ______________________________

g. The velocity in SFPM is ___________________________________

h. The calibration max. range is ________________________________

Answers on the Next Page:

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

A9

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Worked out answers to the previous questions.

Kurz Standard Reference Conditions.

Air density: 0.0739 lb/ft

a: 100,000 lb/hr x (1 hr/60 min) x 1 ft

3

at 77 °F and 14.69 psia,

3

/0.0739 lb = 22,553 ft3/min which

is 22,553 SCFM since our density was at standard conditions.

b: Velocity = (Volume rate) /Area = 22,553/ (3 x 3)

= 2506 SFPM.

c: V

= Vs (Ps/Pa)(Ta/Ts) = 2506 (14.69/{20 + 14.69})(460 + 90)/(460

a

+77) = 1087 FPM.

d: Calibrated rates are about 1.5 times the expected maximum.

So 2506 SFPM x 1.5 ~ 4000 SFPM.

e: ID of schedule 40 3" pipe is ~ 3" Area = 3.14 D

= 3.14(3/12)

2

/4

2

/4 = 0.0491 ft2.

f: Same as C above but the other way around w ith flow.

F

= Fa(Pa /Ps)(Ts /Ta) = 10 (50 + 14.69)/14.69 (460 +77)/(460 +110)

s

= 41.49 SCFM.

g: Volumetric Rate / Area = Velocity = 41.49 SCFM / 0.0491 ft

2

= 845 SFPM.

h: Calibrated rates are about 1.5 times the expected maximum.

So 41.49 SCFM x 1.5 ~ 60 SCFM.

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

A10

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Appendix B

Product Approvals

Series 454FT User’s Guide DCN: 360197-1.2 Rev. A

B1

Kurz Instruments, Inc.

2411 Garden Road
Monterey, CA 93940
USA
(831)-646-5911

www.kurz-instruments.com

Series MFT ATEX Declaration of Compliance

In accordance with European Economic Area Council Directive 94/9/EC for
equipment used in potentially explosive atmospheres, the following Kurz
Instruments Mass Flow Transmitters are in compliance with the ATEX
requirements for Group II, Category 3 explosive Gas and Dust atmospheres
(εx II 3 GD):

Series 454FT-a
a = Probe support diameters 08-12-16, 16th of an inch.

454PFT-16 (Category 3 only)
Series 504FT-b
Series 524FT-b
Series 534FT-b
Series 544FT-c
b = Flow Body diameters 6A though 96, 16th of an inch.
c = Flow Body diameters 4 to 36 inch

All the above models have been designed and manufactured to the EN50014
and EN50021 Standards for non-incendive and the combustible dust
requirements of EN50281-1-1. They are marked EEx nA II T4 for the AC
powered product and T5 for the 24 VDC version. Temperature range is –20 to
+60 °C ambient with IP66 enclosure protection. The maximum process pressure
is 300 PSI or 20 bar except the 544FT which is only a few PSI (heating
ventilation duct work).

The above models have also been designed and manufactured to the EN50014
and EN50018 Standards for Flameproof and are marked EEx d IIB +H2 T3,
except for the 454PFT-16. This is a CENELEC approval, not ATEX for Category
2 applications. These products have been designed for operation from –20 to
60°C with a rated input voltage of 115/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz or 24 VDC. Conduit
seals or cable glands must be directly attached to the enclosure. The flameproof
type verification was done by LCIE, France under file 00.E6002 X and CSA­International, Canada under file LR87908-11.

The electromagnetic compliance of the Series MFT is per Directive 89/336/EEC
for Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) equipment; in accordance with the EN
50081-1 light industrial emissions standard and the EN 50082-2 heavy industrial

Document Number 430040 Revision B 1 of 2

Kurz Instruments, Inc.

2411 Garden Road
Monterey, CA 93940
USA
(831)-646-5911

www.kurz-instruments.com

immunity standard. All units must be installed per the field-wiring diagram
342022 and installation instructions in the Kurz Product Manuals 360197 or

360201.
The top-level technical report in support of this declaration is Kurz Document

430042, which covers both safety and electromagnetic compliance. This
declaration is made on the basis that the above equipment has been designed
and manufactured according to the essential health and safety requirements and
the Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) and uses good engineering practice
where other aspects of safety are concerned. Kurz Instruments, Inc. is ISO 9001
registered to ensure that the products are always made in conformance of the
EC-type approved designs.

Signed:____Tom Setliff____________
Date:____10-01-2003________

Name:___Tom Setliff_______________
Position: __Sales Manager________

Document Number 430040 Revision B 2 of 2

Kurz Instruments Inc.

APPENDIX C MFTCOMMC Version 1.43

Installation and Operation

Mftcommc Version 1.43 Guide

1

Kurz Instruments Inc.

Introduction

MFTCOMMC is a Series MFT and PTA configuration upload/download program for
Windows with text translators to make printable files. MFTCOMMC version 1.43 will
make printable files of MFT 1.0x, 1.1x, 1.2x and 1.3x and PTA 1.xy configuration files.

Installation

System Requirements: An RS-232 port and Windows NT,98 or 95 operating systems.
With each MFT and PTA unit is a 3 ½ “ floppy disk that contains the program files

for MFTCOMMC and the original factory configuration of the unit.
To install this program you simply execute the 451017-1.43.exe self extracting

installation program. You will be prompted with a message telling you what version is
being installed. Next you get a WinZip dialog box to choose a destination directory for
the installation. The default is C:\Kurz\MFTCOMMC. Once you have selected the
destination directory, chose the Unzip button. It will say “ X files unzipped
successfully” . Then you Close the WinZip utility. Lastly, make a Desktop shortcut or
Start menu shortcut to the program MFTCOMMC.exe in the new folder. Now your
ready to go.

Menus

The first time you run MFTCOMMC it must be configured for the serial port and baud
rate you will use for communicating to the MFT and PTA unit. This is typically the
COM1 serial port and 9600 baud. You click on the menu Communication Port then
select the port and baud rate followed by ok.

Note: None of the Help buttons are implemented in this version of the program. The
File menu items New, Open, Save and Save As are also not implemented.

The main menus are:

File Update Communication Port Help

Mftcommc Version 1.43 Guide

2

Kurz Instruments Inc.
The File menu is used to select:

Upload (Transfer a file from a MFT or PTA unit to the PC)
Download (Transfer a configuration file from the PC to the MFT

or PTA unit.)

Create Printable File (convert a configuration file to ASCII text and write it

to the PC disk drive.)

View Look at a configuration file on screen. (Launches

Wordpad)

Print Prints the last file converted to ASCII to your default

printer.

The Update menu is used at the factory to load flow calibration data to a configuration
file and is not discussed here.

The Communications Port menu is used to select the baud rate and port described
under installation above.

The Help menu is not implemented yet but does tell you the version of the program
under the About button.

Setup for Upload/Download

1. You first connect a straight through RS-232 cable between the PCs COM port and
the DB-9 RS-232 port on the user I/O board of the Series MFT or PTA unit.

2. The MFT or PTA must be on and in executive mode. You can not be in Display or
Program mode for this to work correctly.

3. Start the MFTCOMMC program and make sure its serial port is correctly
configured, see installation above.

Saving an MFT configuration on your PC

1. First setup the hardware and software described above.

2. To save an MFT or PTA configuration you select File then Upload followed by typing
a file name in the name field of the Save As file pop-up window.. To see the other files
in the directory you will have to change the Save as type to All Files (*.*). This type has
no impact on the files except what you see in the dialog box. If you want to save the
configuration file with the name “ Greatflowmeter” then you just type this in with or
without an extension. Select the directory where you want to place the file. The
configuration file is only about 1.8 kbytes.

Mftcommc Version 1.43 Guide.

3

Kurz Instruments Inc.

3. During the file transfer, a dialog box which says “ Wait.... UPLOADING MFT

CONFIGURATION” . If you do not have the MFT or PTA unit plugged into the RS-232
serial port of the user I/O board or the power is off, this message will stay on the screen.
You may have to terminate the program to correct the error and start over. (Control­Alt-Del then select the task)

Viewing or Printing the Configuration File

Once you have a configuration file you can then:

1. Select the option Create Printable File under the File menu. After a printable file is
created the menu options for View and Print under File show up. Both the view and
print options use WordPad to view or print the file. You close WordPad when done
viewing.

2. To print you select Print under the File menu. When printing, WordPad will be
pulled up then closed automatically after sending to the default system printer.

Figure C1 shows a typical configuration file. The length of this printable file depends
on the number of data points, temperature data sets and velocity correction factors
etc.

Downloading a Configuration from the PC to the MFT or PTA Unit

1. Configure the hardware and software as described above.

2. Transferring a configuration from the PC to the MFT or PTA unit is started by
choosing Download under the File menu.

3. You select the file to be transferred with the file Open menu.

4. Chose the file type as All to see your files.

5. Chose the proper directory then click Open after you have selected the file. The
screen will then pull up a dialog screen which says “ Wait... DOWNLOADING THE
MFT CONFIGURATION.” This takes less than10 seconds. If it hangs up, check your
cable connections, MFT or PTA power and is it in Executive mode? You must terminate
the program if it gets stuck. (Control-Alt- Del then select the task)

Mftcommc Version 1.43 Guide

4

Kurz Instruments Inc.
Figure C1. Sample printable file from MFTCOMMC.

CUSTOMER COPY

KURZ INSTRUMENTS, INC.
MFT COMMUNICATION PROGRAM: MFTCOMM VER 1.43
MFT CONFIGURATION FILENAME: C:\Kurz MFTCOMMC\test.cfg
FIRMWARE VERSION: MFT VER 1.22
CONFIGURATION DATE: 3/29/2001

***************FLOW CALIBRATION DATA***************

SENSOR S/N: RD1168A REF. TEMP: 77.000 DEGF
MEDIUM: AIR REF. PRESSURE: 14.690 PSIA
MOL. WT: 28.959999 STD. DENSITY: 0.073931 LB/CF

TEMPERATURE SET #1 TEMPERATURE = 77.000 DEGF
DATA Rp CURRENT FLOWRATE
PT # (A) (SFPM)

1 0.1579 1.3840
2 0.2149 103.8270
3 0.2901 600.5800
4 0.3179 1058.5199
5 0.3585 2086.5100
6 0.3862 3193.7600
7 0.4024 4083.4202
8 0.4280 5813.1099
9 0.4644 9102.2803
10 0.4864 11685.1006

*************METER #1, FLOWRATE SETUP**************

METER ID: METER 00001 METER UNIT: SCFM
FLOW AREA = 1.000000 SQ.FT
BIAS CORRECTION FACTOR (BCF) = 1.000000
SENSOR BLOCKAGE CORRECTION FACTOR (SBCF):
SENSOR TYPE: FD16
SENSOR DEPTH = 0.000000 FT
SBCF = 1.000000
VARIABLE CORRECTION FACTOR (VCF):
NUMBER OF CORRECTION PTS. = 1
D1 = 0.0000 SFPM C.F. #1 = 1.000000
R1 = 0.0000 SFPM AT 0.0000 SFPM
KICK-OUT STATUS: OFF
LOW KICK-OUT AT: -100.0000 SFPM
HIGH KICK-OUT AT: 13000.0000 SFPM
LOW FLOW CUT-OFF STATUS: ON
LOW FLOW CUT-OFF AT: 0.0000 SCFM
METER SCROLL STATUS: ON
DISPLAY HOLD TIME: 4 SECONDS

Mftcommc Version 1.43 Guide

5