KTI Networks KS-2262 User Manual

24 Fast Ethernet + 2 Gigabit

L2 Managed Switch

User's Manual

KS-2262

Release 2.28

Electronic Emission Notices

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A computing
device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide
reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment.

European Community (CE) Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements of
European Emission Standard EN55022/EN60555-2 and the Generic European Immunity
Standard EN50082-1.

EMC:

EN55022(1988)/CISPR-22(1985) class A
EN60555-2(1995) class A
EN60555-3
IEC1000-4-2(1995) 4K V CD, 8KV, AD
IEC1000-4-3(1995) 3V/m
IEC1000-4-4(1995) 1KV – (power line), 0.5KV – (signal line)

ii

Table of Contents

CAUTION-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
ELECTRIC EMISSION NOTICES------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II

1. INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

1-1. OVERVIEW OF 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH----------------------------------6
1-2. CHECKLIST --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
1-3. FEATURES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
1-4. VIEW OF 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH---------------------------------------- 10
1-4-1. USER INTERFACES ON THE FRONT PANEL (BUTTON, LEDS AND PLUGS)---------------------------- 10
1-4-2. USER INTERFACES ON THE REAR PANEL----------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
1-5. VIEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

2. INSTALLATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

2-1. STARTING 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH UP --------------------------------- 15
2-1-1. HARDWARE AND CABLE INSTALLATION ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
2-1-2. INSTALLING CHASSIS TO A 19-INCH WIRING CLOSET RAIL ---------------------------------------------- 17
2-1-3. CABLING REQUIREMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
2-1-3-1. CABLING REQUIREMENTS FOR TP PORTS-------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
2-1-3-2. CABLING REQUIREMENTS FOR 1000SX/LX SFP MODULE----------------------------------------------- 1 8
2-1-3-3. SWITCH CASCADING IN TOPOLOGY--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
2-1-4. CONFIGURING THE MANAGEMENT AGENT OF 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED
SWITCH----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
2-1-4-1. CONFIGURING THE MANAGEMENT AGENT THROUGH THE SERIAL RS-232 PORT ------------- 23
2-1-4-2. CONFIGURING THE MANAGEMENT AGENT THROUGH THE ETHERNET PORT ------------------ 25
2-1-5. IP ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
2-2. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31

3. OPERATION OF WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT ------------------------------------------------------------------- 33

3-1. WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
3-1-1. SYSTEM INFORMATION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
3-1-2. IP CONFIGURATION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
3-1-3. TIME CONFIGURATION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 43
3-1-4. ACCOUNT CONFIGURATION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
3-1-5. MANAGEMENT SECURITY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
3-1-6. VIRTUAL STACK--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
3-2. PORT CONFIGURATION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
3-2-1.PORT STATUS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
3-2-2. PORT CONFIGURATION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 57
3-2-3. PORT DESCRIPTION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
3-2-5. SIMPLE COUNTER------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60
3-2-4. DETAIL COUNTER------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
3-3. SNMP CONFIGURATION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
3-4. LOOP DETECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
3-5. DHCP BOOT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69
3-6. IGMP SNOOPING------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70
3-7. VLAN--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
3-7-1. VLAN MODE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
3-7-2. TAG -BASED GROUP----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
3-7-3. PVID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
3-7-4. PORT-BASED GROUP --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
3-7-5. MANAGEMENT VLAN-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
3-8. MAC TABLE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 84
3-9. GVRP CONFIGURATION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91
3-10. STP CONFIGURATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97
3-10-1. STP STATUS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97
3-10-2. STP CONFIGURATION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
3-10-3. STP PORT CONFIGURATION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------101
3-11. TRUNKING CONFIGURATION----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------104
3-12. 802.1X CONFIGURATION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------111
3-13. ALARM CONFIGURA TION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------122
3-14. CONFIGURATION--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------125
3-14-1. SAVE/RESTORE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------126
3-14-2. CONFIG FILE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------127

3-15. SECURITY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------128
3-16. BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------131
3-17. QOS(QUALITY OF SERVICE) CONFIGURATION ----------------------------------------------------------------135
3-18. DIAGNOSTICS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------145
3-19. TFTP SERVE R--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------148
3-20. LOG --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------149
3-21. FIRMWARE UPGRADE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------151
3-22. REBOOT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------152
3-23. LOGOUT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153

4. OPERATION OF CLI MANAGEMENT--------------------------------------------------------------------------------154

4-1. CLI MANAGEMENT-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------154
4-1-1. LOGIN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------154
4-2. COMMANDS OF CLI------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------156
4-2-1. GLOBAL COMMANDS OF CLI --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------157
4-2-2. LOCAL COMMANDS OF CLI-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------163

5. MAINTENANCE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------249
5-1. RESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------249
5-2. Q&A ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------249

APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS -----------------------------------------------------------------------250
APPENDIX B NULL MODEM CABLE SPECIFICATIONS---------------------------------------------------------254

2

3

Caution

Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity, which can damage their delicate
electronics. Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause
you to acquire a static electrical charge.

To protect your device, always:

• Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge
before you pick up the circuit device.

• Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only.

4

About this user’s manual

In this user’s manual, it wi ll not o nly tell you how to install and conn ec t your network
system but configure and monitor the 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2
MANAGED SWITCH through the built-in CLI and web by RS-232 serial interface
and Ethernet ports step-by-step. Many explanations in detail of hardware and
software functions are shown as well as the examples of the operation for web­based interface and command-line interface (CLI).

Overview of this user’s manual

 Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2

GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH

 Chapter 2 “Installation”
 Chapter 3 “Operation of Web-based Management”
 Chapter 4 “Operation of CLI Management”
 Chapter 5 “Maintenance”

5

1. Introduction

1-1. Overview of 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED
SWITCH

24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SW ITCH, 24 Fast Ethernet + 2
Gigabit L2 Managed Switch, implemented 24 10/100Mbps TP + 2 Gigabit dual
media ports with TP/SFP, is a standard switch that meets all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z
Gigabit, Fast Ethernet and Ethernet specifications. The switch can be managed
through RS-232 ser ial port via directly connection , or through Ethernet port using
Telnet or Web-based management unit, associated with SNMP agent. With the
SNMP agent, the network administrator can logo n the switch to monit or, configure
and control each port’s activit y in a friendl y wa y. The overall network management is
enhanced and the network efficiency is also improved to accommodate high
bandwidth applications. I n addition, the switch feature s comprehensive and useful
function such as QoS (Quality of Service), Spanning Tree, VLAN, Port Trunking,
Bandwidth Control, Port Security, SNMP/RMON and IGMP Snooping capability via
the intelligent software. It is suitable for both metro-LAN and office application.

10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z
Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is a Gigabit
Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000Base-SX/LX
standards.

For upgrading firm ware, please refer to the Section 3- 20 or Section 4-2-2 f or more
details. The switch will not stop operati ng while upgrading f irmware and after that,
the configuration keeps unchanged.

6

Key Features in the Device







QoS:

Support Quality of Service by the IEEE 802.1P standard. There are two
priority queue and packet transmission schedule using Weighted Round
Robin (WRR). User-defined weight classification of packet priority can be
based on either VLAN tag on packets or user-defined port priority.

Spanning Tree:

Support IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w (RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol) standards.

VLAN:

Support Port-based VLAN and IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN. Support 256 acti ve
VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.

Port Trunking:

Support static port trunking and port trunking with IEEE 802.3ad LACP.

Bandwidth Control:

Support ingress and egress per port bandwidth control.

Port Security:

Support allowed, denied forwarding and port security with MAC address.

SNMP/RMON:

SNMP agent and RMON MIB. In the device, SNMP agent is a client
software which is operating over SNMP protocol used to receive the
command from SNMP manager (server site) and echo the corresponded
data, i.e. MIB object. Besides, SNMP agent will actively issue TRAP
information when happened.

RMON is the abbreviati on of Remote Network Monitoring and is a br anch of
the SNMP MIB.

The device supports MIB-2 (RFC 1213), Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), RMON
MIB (RFC 1757)-statistic s Gr oup 1, 2,3, 9, Ethernet-like MIB ( RF C 16 43) and
so on.

IGMP Snooping:

Support IGMP version 2 (R FC 2236): The function IG MP snooping is us ed
to establish the multicast groups to forward the multicast packet to the
member ports, and, in nature, avoid wasting the bandwidth while IP
multicast packets are running over the network.

7

1-2. Checklist

Before you start installing the switch, verify that the package contains the following:

 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH 24 Fast Ethernet +

2 Gigabit L2 Managed Switch

 Fiber Modules (optional)
 Mounting Accessory (for 19” Rack Shelf)
 This User's Manual in CD-ROM
 AC Power Cord
 RS-232 Cable

Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned
items is missing or damaged.

1-3. Features

The 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAG ED SWIT CH, a standalone off­the-shelf switch, provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to
perform system network administration and efficiently and securely serve your
network.



Hardware

Supports 24-port 10/100M TP ports with Nway and auto MDIX function
Supports 2 Gigabit dual media ports(TP/SFP) and 2 slots for removable SFP

module supporting 1000M SFP fiber module

Supports hot-plug fiber transceiver modules
 Supports 256KB packet buffer and 128KB control memory

• Maximal packet length can be up to 1536 bytes

Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure
Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power, CPURUN, ACT / FDX /

SPD(LEDSET), 10/100Mbps TP Port1-24:LINK/ACT, FDX, SPD,
10/100/1000Mbps/Fiber port 25, 26: LINK/ACT, FDX, SPD



Management



 Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration
 Supports per port traffic monitoring counters
Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login

Supports port mirror function
Supports the static trunk function

8

Supports 802.1Q VLAN with 256 entries.
Supports user management and limits three users to login
Supports DHCP Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or

crashed 

Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened
 Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current

configuration which is working on via web browser and CLI

Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules
Supports 5 kinds of QoS, are as follows, MAC Priority, 802.1p Priority, IP TOS

Priority, and DiffServ DSCP Priority.

Built-in web-based management and CLI management, providing a more

convenient UI for the user

Supports port mirror function with ingress/egress traffic
 Supports rapid spanning tree (802.1w RSTP)
Supports 802.1x port security on a VLAN

Supports user management and only first login administrator can configure the

device. The rest of users can only view the switch

SNMP access can be disabled and prevent from illegal SNMP access 
Supports Ingress, Non-unicast and EgressBandwidth rating management
The trap event and alarm message can be transferred via e-mail and mobile

phone short message

Supports diagnostics to let administrator knowing the hardware status
 Supports external loopback test to check if the link is ok
TFTP for firmware upgrade, system log upload and config file import/export
Supports remote boot the device through user interface and SNMP
Supports network time synchronization and daylight saving
Supports 120 event log records in the main memory and display on the local

console

9

1-4. View of 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED
SWITCH

Fig. 1-1 Full View of 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH with SFP

Module

1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel ( Butt on, LEDs and Plugs)

There are 24 TP Fast Ethernet ports and 2 s lots for optio nal rem ovable m odules on
the front panel of the sw itch. LED displ ay area, loc ating on the fr ont panel, contains
a CPURUN, Power LED and 26 ports working status of the switch.

LED SET Mode: ACT/FDX/SPD

Power Indication LED

RESET Button:

RESET button is used to
reset the management
system.

Fig. 1-2 Front View of the Unit with SFP Module

LEDSET Button
LEDSET button is
used to change
the LED display
mode

TP Port Status: ACT/FDX/SPD

TP Port Status: Link

Fast Ethernet Port

Gigabit Dual Media Port: SFP/TP

10



LED Indicators



LED Color Function

System LED

CPURUN Green Lit when CPU is on and good
POWER Green Lit when AC power is on and good
ACT Green Lit when LEDSET set on active mode
FDX Green Lit when LEDSET set on full-duplex mode
SPD Green Lit when LEDSET set on speed mode

10/100Mbps Ethernet TP Port 1 to 24 LED

LNK Green

Amber

ACT/FDX/ SPD

LNK Green
FB Green

ACT/FDX/ SPD

(TP Port 1
to 24 LED)

10/100/1000Mbps Gigabit TP/Fiber Port 25, 26 LED

Green

(Port 25,

26 LED)

Lit when connection with remote device is good
Off when cable connection is not good
a. LEDSET set on ACT (active) mode:

Blinks when any traffic is present
b. LEDSET set on FDX (full-duplex) mode:
Lit when full-duplex mode is active
Blinks when any collision is present

c. LEDSET set on SPD (speed) mode:

Lit when 100Mbps speed is active
Off when 10Mbps speed is active

Lit when connection with remote device is good
Off when cable connection is not good
Lit when Fiber port is active
Off when TP port is active

a. LEDSET set on ACT (active) mode:

Blinks when any traffic is present

b. LEDSET set on FDX (full-duplex) mode:

Lit when full-duplex mode is active
Blinks when any collision is present

c. LEDSET set on SPD (speed) mode:

Lit when 1000Mbps speed is active
Off when 10/100Mbps speed is active

11

Table1-1

A

1-4-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel

One RS-232 DB-9 interface is offered for configuration or management. And there is
one AC power input socket for having the switch powered on or off.

C Line 100-240V 50/60 Hz

RS-232 DB-9 Connector

Fig. 1-3 Rear View of 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH

12

1-5. View of the Optional Modules

In the switch, Port 25, 26 includes two types of m edia --- TP and SFP Fiber (LC,
BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with
auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high-speed
connection expansion. Ref er to “KS-2601 Model List” file for detailed specificati on.
In the list, the SFP fiber tr ansceivers include 10 00BASE-SX standard LC for MMF,
1000BASE-LX LC for different SMF, and Bi-Di LC for single SMF.

Fig. 1-4 Front View of 1000Base-SX/LX LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver

Fig. 1-5 Front View of 1000Base-LX BiDi LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver

13

14 15

r

2. Installation

2-1. Starting 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2 GIGABIT L2 MANAGED
SWITCH Up

This section will give users a quick start for:

- Hardware and Cable Installation

- Management Station Installation

- Software booting and configuration

2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation

At the beginning, please do first:
⇒ Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge



Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the L2 Managed Switch



Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.



 Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:



The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or unplug it
before or after powering on.

1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the
chassis

2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly
seated against the slot socket/connector

3. Install the media cable for network connection

Fig. 2-1 Installation of Optional SFP Fiber Transceive

4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into
slot(s)

5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done



TP Port and Cable Installation

⇒ In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of

cable, straight-thro ugh (Cable pin-outs for RJ- 45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in
10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit T P) and
crossed-over (Cable pin- outs f or RJ-45 j ack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 3, 6, 1, 2) ca n be use d.
It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.

⇒ Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the s witch and the

other end is connect ed to a network-aware device suc h as a workstation or a
server.

⇒ Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each RJ-45 port to be c onnected to a

Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.

Now, you can start having the switch in operation.



Power On



The switch supports 100-2 40 VAC, 50-60 Hz power suppl y. The po wer supply will
automatically convert t he local AC power source to DC po wer. It does not matter
whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on, even
modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indica tors will light up immediately
and then all off except the power LED stil l keeps on. This r epresents a reset of the
system.





Firmware Loading



After resetting, the bootstrap loader will load the firmware into the memory. It will
take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and
automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.

16

2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail

Fig. 2-2

Caution: Allow a proper spacing and proper air ventilation for the cooling fan

at both sides of the chassis.

⇒ Wear a grounding device for electrostatic discharge.
⇒ Screw the mounting accessory to the front side of the switch (See Fig. 2-2).
⇒ Place the Chassis into the 19-inch wiring closet rail and locate it at the proper

position. Then, fix the Chassis by screwing it.

2-1-3. Cabling Requirements

To help ensure a success ful installation and keep the net work performance good,
please take a care on the cabling r equirement. Cables with worse specificati on will
render the LAN to work poorly.

17

2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports

⇒ For Fast Ethernet TP network connection

 The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of

100 meters.

⇒ Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection

 The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of

100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.

2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module

It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber media.
Basically, there are two categori es of f iber, multi mode (MM) and s ingl e m ode (SM) .
The later is categor ized into several classes by the distance it supports. T hey are
SX, LX, LHX, XD, and ZX . From the vie wpoint of connector type, there m ainly are
LC and BiDi LC.

 Gigabit Fiber with multi-mode LC SFP module
 Gigabit Fiber with single-mode LC SFP module
 Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1310nm SFP module
 Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1550nm SFP module

The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not listed
here are available upon request.

Multi-mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth

IEEE 802.3z
Gigabit Ethernet
1000SX 850nm

1000Base­LX/LHX/XD/ZX

1000Base-LX
Single Fiber
WDM Module

Table2-1

Multi-mode 62.5/125µm Multi-mode 50/125µm

Modal

Bandwidth

160MHz-Km 220m 400MHz-Km 500m
200MHz-Km 275m 500MHz-Km 550m

Single-mode Fiber 9/125µm
Single-mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km
Single-mode transceiver 1550nm 30, 50, 70, 110Km

Single-Mode

*20Km

Single-Mode

*20Km

Distance

TX(Transmit) 1310nm
RX(Receive) 1550nm

TX(Transmit) 1550nm
RX(Receive) 1310nm

Modal
Bandwidth

Distance

18

2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology





Takes the Delay Time into Account



Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch
cascading that you m ay up-link the switches unlimitedl y. In pract ice, the network
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/8 02.3z and other 802.1 seri es protocol specifications, in which
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3
series specificati on of Medi a Access Contr ol (MAC) and PHY, and timer f rom some
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.

The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:

1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber

Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512

Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m

Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56
Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)

Bit Time unit: 0.01µs (1sec./100 Mega bit)

Table 2-2

Sum up all elem ents’ bit-time dela y and the overall bit-time dela y of wires/devices
must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network segment
(collision dom ain). For full-duplex operat ion, this will not be applied. You ma y use
the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and provide the
long haul connection.



Typical Network Topology in Deployment



A hierarchical network with minim um levels of switch may reduce the tim ing delay
between server and cli ent station. Basically, with this approach, it will minimize the
number of switches in any one path; will lower the possibilit y of network loop and
will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are connected in the
same network, selec t one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all other switches to
it at Level 2. Ser ver/Host is r ecommended to c onnect to the Le vel 1 switch. This is
general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.

19

Case1: All switch ports are in the same local area network. Every port can access

each other (See Fig. 2-3).

If VLAN is enab le d and c on f igur ed, eac h n ode i n the n et work that can com municate
each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area.

Here VLAN area is defined by what V LAN you ar e using. The switch supports b oth
port-based VLAN and tag- based VLAN. They are different i n practical deplo yment,
especially in ph ysical locat ion. The fo llowing diagr am shows ho w it work s and what
the difference they are.

Case2a: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-4).

Fig. 2-3 No VLAN Configuration Diagram

1. The same VLAN members could not be in different switches.

2. Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other.

3. The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups
at one switch.

20

Fig. 2-4 Port-based VLAN Diagram

Case 2b: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-5).

Fig. 2-5 Port-based VLAN Diagram

1. VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLAN4 members.

2. VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN4 members.

3. VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1, VLAN2 and VLAN4.

4. VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN2 members.

Case3a: The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID
(See Fig. 2-6).

21

Fig. 2-6 Attribute-based VLAN Diagram

2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2

GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH

We offer you three ways to startup the switc h management func tion. They are RS­232 console, CLI, and Web. Users can use any one of them to monitor and
configure the switch. You can touch them through the following procedures.

Section 2-1-4-1: Configuring the Management Agent of 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2

GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH through the Serial RS-232 Port

Section 2-1-4-2: Configuring the Management Agent of 24 FAST ETHERNET + 2

GIGABIT L2 MANAGED SWITCH through the Ethernet Port

Note: Please first modify the IP address, Subnet mask, Default gateway and DNS

through RS-232 console, and then do the next.

22

r

A

2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent through the Serial RS-232 Port

To perform the configuratio n through RS-232 console port, the s witch’s serial port
must be directl y connected to a DCE device, for exam ple, a PC, through RS-232
cable with DB-9 con nector. Next, run a terminal em ulator with the def ault setting of
the switch’s serial port. With this, you can communicate with the switch.

In the switch, RS-2 32 int er f ac e o nly supports baud rate 57 .6k bps with 8 data bits, 1
stop bit, no parity check and no flow control.

RS-232 DB-9 Connector

C Line 100-240V 50/60 Hz

Terminal or Terminal Emulato

To configure the switch, please follow the procedures below:

1. Find the RS-232 DB-9 cable with female DB-9 connector bundled.

Normally, it just uses pins 2, 3 and 7. See also Appendix B for more
details on Null Modem Cable Specifications.

2. Attaches the DB-9 female cable connector to the male serial RS-232

DB-9 connector on the switch.

3. Attaches the other end of the serial RS-232 DB-9 cable to PC’s serial

port, running a terminal emulator supporting VT100/ANSI terminal with
The switch’s serial port default settings. For example,
Windows98/2000/XP HyperTerminal utility.

Note: The switch’s serial port default settings are listed as follows:

Default IP Setting:
IP address = 192.168.1.1

Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0

=

RS-232 cable with female
DB-9 connector at both ends

Baud rate 57600
Stop bits 1
Data bits 8
Parity N
Flow control none

Fig. 2-7

4. When you complete the connection, then press <Enter> key. The login

prompt will be shown on the screen. The default username and
password are shown as below:

Username = admin Password = admin

23



Set IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway IP Address



Please refer to F ig. 2-7 C LI Managem ent for detai ls about f actory setting. They ar e
default setting of IP addr ess. You can first either configure your PC IP address or
change IP address of the switc h, next to change the IP address of default gateway
and subnet mask.

For example, your net work address is 10.1.1.0, and s ubnet m ask is 255.255.255 .0.
You can change the s witch’s def ault IP addr ess 192.1 68.1.1 t o 10.1.1.1 and se t the
subnet mask to be 255.255 .255.0. Then, c hoose your default g ateway, may be it is

10.1.1.254.

Default Value 24 FAST Your Network Setting
IP Address

Subnet
Default Gateway

After completing thes e settings i n the s witch, it will reboot to have the co nfiguratio n
taken effect. After this step, you c an operate the m anagem ent through the net work,
no matter it is from a web browser or Network Management System (NMS).

255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0

192.168.1.254 10.1.1.254

Table 2-3

Managed Switch – 2262 FE Switch
Login: admin
Password:

2262 FE Switch

Fig. 2-8 the Login Screen for CLI

24

2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent through the Ethernet Port

There are three ways to configure and monitor the switch through the switch’s
Ethernet port. T hey are CLI, Web bro wser and SNMP m anager. The user interface
for the last one is NM S dependent and do es not cover here. W e just introduce the
first two types of management interface.

Default IP Setting:
IP = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

Ethernet LAN

Assign a reasonable IP address,
For example:
IP = 192.168.1.100
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

Fig. 2-9



Managing L2 MANAGED SWITCH through Etherne t Port



Before you communicate with the switch, you have to finish first the
configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch. Then, follow
the procedures listed below.

1. Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a
qualified UTP Cat. 5 cable with RJ-45 connector.

Note: If PC directly connects to the switch, you have to setup the same
subnet mask between t hem. But, subnet m ask may be differ ent for the PC
in the remote site. Please refer to Fig. 2-9 about the switch’s default IP
address information.

2. Run CLI or web browser and follow the menu. Please refer to Chapter 3
and Chapter 4.

25

3

Fig. 2-10 the Login Screen for Web

2-1-5. IP Address Assignment

For IP address configuration, there are three parameters needed to be filled in.
They are IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS.

IP address:

The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking
communication. Its addr ess structur e looks is sho wn in the Fig. 2-11. It is “classful”
because it is split into predefined address classes or categories.

Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and host
identifier in the 32 bits address. Each IP address comprises two parts: network
identifier (address ) and host identifier (address). The former indicates the network
where the addressed host resides, and the latter indicates the ind ividual host in t he
network which the addres s of host ref ers to. And the host ident ifier must be unique
in the same LAN. Here the term of IP address we used is version 4, known as IPv4.

2

Network identifier Host identifier

Fig. 2-11 IP address structure

26

Netwo

address

ost

Netwo

address

ost

Netwo

address

With the class address ing, it di vides IP address into three clas ses, class A, class B
and class C. The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast. The bit
length of the network prefix is the sam e as that of the subnet mask and is denoted
as IP address/X, for example, 192.168.1.0/24. Each class has its address range
described below.

Class A:
Address is less than 126.255.255.255. There are a total of 126 networks can be

defined because the a ddres s 0.0.0. 0 is r eserv ed f or d efault ro ute a nd 127.0.0 .0/8 is
reserved for loopback function.

0

Class B:
IP address range betwee n 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.25 5. Each class B network

has a 16-bit network prefix followed 16-bit host address. There are 16,384 (2^14)/16
networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 (2^16 –2) hosts per network.

Bit # 01 2 15 16

Class C:
IP address range between 192. 0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255. Each class C network

has a 24-bit network prefix followed 8-bit host address. There are 2,097,152
(2^21)/24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 (2^8 –2) hosts per
network.

Bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24

rk

10

rk

H

H

27

110

rk

t

N

k

Class D and E:
Class D is a class with firs t 4 MSB (Most s ignificance bit) set to 1-1-1- 0 and is used

for IP Multicast. See also RFC 1112. Class E is a c lass with first 4 MSB se t to 1-1-1­1 and is used for IP broadcast.

According to IANA (Internet Assign ed Numbers Authority), ther e are three specific
IP address blocks r eserved and able to be used f or extending internal net work. We
call it Private IP address and list below:

Class A 10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255

Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information.
Subnet mask:
It means the sub-d ivision of a class-based ne twork or a CID R block. T he subnet is

used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the host
address in bitwise basis. It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and
ease to manage IP network.

For a class B network, 128.1.2.3 , it may have a subnet mask 255.255 .0.0 i n def au lt,
in which the firs t two bytes is with all 1s. T his means more than 60 thousan ds of
nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network. It’s too large to manage
practically. Now if we divide it into sm aller networ k b y extend ing n et work pr efix from
16 bits to, say 24 bits, that’s using its third byte to s ubnet this class B net work. Now
it has a subnet m ask 255.255.255.0, in which each b it of the first three bytes is 1.
It’s now clear that the fir st t w o bytes is used to ide ntify the class B n et work , the th ir d
byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and, of course, the last
byte is the host number.

Not all IP address is a va ila ble in th e s ub-netted network. Two special addresses are
reserved. They are the addresses with all zero’s and all one’s host number. For
example, an IP address 128.1.2. 128, what IP address res erved will be look ed like?
All 0s mean the network itself, and all 1s mean IP broadcast.

10000000.00000001.00000010.1 0000000

28

etwor

25 bits

All 0s = 128.1.2.128

All 1s= 128.1.2.255

Subne

1 0000000
1 1111111