Kramer Electronics SG-6 User Manual
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
USER MANUAL
Sync Processors Models:
IMPORTANT
SG-6
SG-7
SG-9
SG-11
SG-6003B
: Before proceeding, please read paragraph entitled
"Unpacking and Contents"
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
P/N: 2900-004002
Table Of Contents
Section Name Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 A Word on Sync Signals 1
1.1.1 Horizontal Sync 1
1.1.2 Sync location 2
1.2 Video Sync Processors 3
1.3 Factors Affecting Quality of Results 3
2 Specifications 4
Specifications (cont.) 5
3 How Do I Get Started? 6
4 Unpacking and Contents 6
4.1 Optional Accessories 6
5 SYNC PROCESSORS 7
5.1 Getting to Know Your SG-6N Sync Stabilizer 7
5.2 Getting to Know Your SG-7 Sync Transcoder 8
5.3 Getting to Know Your SG-9 Video Black Burst Restorer 9
5.4 Getting to Know Your SG-11 Black Burst/Color Bar Generator 10
5.5 Getting to Know Your SG-6003B Sync Processor 11
6 INSTALLATION 12
6.1 Rack Mounting 12
6.2 Connecting To Video Devices 12
7 USING THE MACHINES 12
7.1 Powering on the machine 12
7.2 NTSC/PAL Selection (SG-6N only) 12
7.3 Looping (SG-7 only) 12
7.4 Clamping (SG-11 only) 12
8 TAKING CARE OF YOUR PROCESSOR 13
9 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 13
9.1 Stabilizing the Video Sync 13
9.2 Black Burst/Bar Generator Connections 14
9.3 Restoring Black Burst and Image Stability 14
9.4 Transcoding Various Sync Formats 15
10 TROUBLESHOOTING 17
10.1 Power and Indicators 17
10.2 Video Signal 18
List Of Illustrations
Figure Page
Figure 1: Horizontal Sync 1
Figure 2: Vertical Sync 2
Figure 3: SG-6N Front/Rear Panel Features 7
Figure 4: SG-7 Front/Rear Panel Features 8
Figure 5: SG-9 Front/Rear Panel Features 9
Figure 6: SG-11 Front/Rear Panel Features 10
Figure 7: SG-6003B- Front/Rear Panel Features 11
Figure 8: Stabilizing the Video Sync 13
Figure 9: Black Burst/Bar Generator Connections 14
Figure 10: Restoring Black Burst and Image Stability 15
Figure 11: Transcoding Various Sync Formats 16
Figure 12: SG-6N Fuse Location 18
List Of Tables
Table Page
Table 1: Factors Affecting Quality of Results 3
Table 2: SG-6N Front/Rear Panel Features 7
Table 3: SG-7 Front/Rear Panel Features 8
Table 4: SG-9 Front/Rear Panel Features 9
Table 5: SG-11 Front/Rear Panel Features 10
Table 6: SG-6003B - Front/Rear Panel Features 11
KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.
1 INTRODUCTION
Congratulations on your purchase of this Kramer Electronics Sync processor. Since 1981 Kramer has been
dedicated to the development and manufacture of high quality video/audio equipment. The Kramer line
has become an integral part of many of the best production and presentation facilities around the world. In
recent years, Kramer has redesigned and upgraded most of the line, making the best even better. Kramer’s
line of professional video/audio electronics is one of the most versatile and complete available, and is a
true leader in terms of quality, workmanship, price/performance ratio and innovation. In addition to the
Kramer line of high quality processors, such as the one you have just purchased, Kramer also offers a full
line of high quality distribution amplifiers, switchers, interfaces, controllers and computer-related
products. This manual includes configuration, operation and information for the following products from
the Kramer line of Sync processors. All these Sync processors are similar in operation and features.
SG-6N
SG-7
SG-9
SG-11
SG-6003B
- Sync Processor
- Sync Transcoder
- Sync Processor
- Sync to Green Adder/Stripper
- Black Burst/Bar Generator
1.1 A Word on Sync Signals
All video signals received by a monitor carry with them synchronization information. Whether they are
analog signals (Composite, Y/C, Component and RGB) or digital (SDI, etc.), the synchronization signals
are needed for proper alignment of the image on the screen. In most video formats, there are two types of
sync signals: horizontal sync and vertical sync. Many problems, though sync related, are sometimes
misinterpreted, and other components of the signals are blamed instead.
1.1.1 Horizontal Sync
The horizontal sync in a composite video signal (often referred to as line sync) is a short, negatively
directed pulse, found at the beginning of each scan line of the monitor (see Figure 1). Basically, this pulse
“tells” the monitor: “be prepared, a line of data is coming”. Horizontal sync resides in the blanking area
(the unseen part of the signal), and so is not visible on the screen. The number of line sync pulses equals
the number of video lines.
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Figure 1: Horizontal Sync
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Vertical sync, often referred to as the field sync (see Figure 2), is also a negatively directed set of pulses,
found at the beginning of each video field (60 field/sec. in NTSC, 50 fields/sec. in PAL). Vertical sync is a
more complicated signal than horizontal sync, which tells the monitor: “be prepared, a new field of data is
coming”. Vertical sync also resides in the blanking area, and is not visible on the screen.
Figure 2: Vertical Sync
1.1.2 Sync location
Sync location varies according to video format, as follows:
In the Composite video signal it is an integral part of the signal as Composite is a “package” including
sync (horizontal and vertical), luminance (Y) and chrominance (color) information.
The s-Video signal format has two parts: luminance (brightness, black & white) and chrominance
(color) information. The sync signals in this format are part of the luminance (Y) signal.
The Component video signal is comprised of three signals – luminance (Y) and two different color
signals, R-Y and B-Y. The sync signals reside in the Y signal.
When it comes to RGB (Red, Green, Blue) signals used in professional computer graphics and display
applications, there are several options for the sync signals to be carried along with the data. The first
and most common one is in a separate analog sync channel. This format uses 4 wires carrying signals
and is called RGBS.
Another popular format uses only three wires – Red and Blue (as in the above configuration) and
Green+Sync, where the sync rides on the green signal. In this format, the signal levels are not
identical as the Green signal has a larger amplitude due to the sync it carries, and the sync signals
must be tripped off in order to recover the normal green sync level.
A subset of this format inserts the sync signals in all three data channels – e.g., Red+Sync, Blue+Sync
and Green+Sync.
The format generated by a computer graphics card is normally made of 5 different signals: Red,
Green, Blue, Horizontal sync and Vertical sync (sometimes referred to as Hs and Vs.) To make things
more complicated, the data channels (R, G, B) are analog channels (their level varies in a continuous
way from 0 to maximum) but the sync signals are digital format signals (TTL level) being either "0"
or "1" (0V or 5V). To make things even more complicated, in contrast to the analog sync signals that
are negatively directed pulses, the computer generated logic-level syncs can appear in both directions.
Sometimes one of the syncs is positive and the other is negative, sometimes both are either positive or
negative. The sync direction is dictated by the source (the graphics card) and is dependent on the
required resolution. In the past, the sync direction instructed the monitor which resolution to choose.
Today, most of the monitors are smarter and set the resolution automatically, but nevertheless, the
cards still generate those sync signals.
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Another twist to this format is that in most cases the logic-level syncs are separated and run each in its
own channel, but there are cases where the logic-level syncs come composite – joined together in the
same mix of directions.
In the digital world – SDI, DV, MPEG and other formats, the synchronization signals either travel in a
special digital sync channel or, in most cases, are embedded in the digital signal.
Due to the extensive use of sync related products, serious problems concerning sync signals may arise
such as improper analog sync levels, damaged vertical sync, sync deterioration and improper polarity
of the horizontal and vertical syncs.
1.2 Video Sync Processors
Kramer Electronics has a full line of Video
Sync Processors
that can perform sync stabilization, restoration
and conversion n the following categories:
Video Sync Generators
Video Sync Converters
: Generate standard video sync and black burst for studio genlock.
: Convert between the different sync formats - Composite, separate H & V
syncs and Analog or TTL level. One machine in this category does sync to Green adding and
separating.
Video Sync Restorers
: Restore and re-build lost or distorted sync signals and full black burst signals.
1.3 Factors Affecting Quality of Results
There are many factors affecting the quality of results when signals are transmitted from a source to an
acceptor as described in Table 1:
Table 1: Factors Affecting Quality of Results
FACTOR EFFECT
Connection cables:
Low quality cables are susceptible to interference; they degrade signal quality
due to poor matching and cause elevated noise levels. They should therefore be
of the best quality.
Sockets and connectors of
the sources and acceptors:
So often ignored, they should be of highest quality, since "Zero Ohm" connection
resistance is the objective. Sockets and connectors also must match the required
impedance (75ohm in video). Cheap, low quality connectors tend to rust, thus
causing breaks in the signal path.
Amplifying circuitry:
Distance between sources
and acceptors:
Interference from
neighboring electrical
appliances:
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Must have quality performance when the desired end result is high linearity, low
distortion and low noise operation.
Plays a major role in the final result. For long distances between sources and
acceptors, special measures should be taken in order to avoid cable losses. These
include using higher quality cables or adding line amplifiers.
These can have an adverse effect on signal quality. Balanced audio lines are less
prone to interference, but unbalanced audio should be installed far from any
mains power cables, electric motors, transmitters, etc. even when the cables are
shielded.
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2 SPECIFICATIONS
Input
Output
Video Bandwidth
Differential Gain
Differential Phase
Video S/N Ratio
Max. Signal
output
Dimensions
(W, D, H)
Weight
Power Source
SG-6N SG-7
1 Composite video,
1Vpp/75 ohms on a BNC
connector.
INPUT CHANNEL 1:
75 ohm or 1 TTL level composite sync 5 Vpp/ 47k on a
BNC type connector with Hi-Z/75ohm switch, at video
One composite sync >0.3Vpp /
frequencies only.
INPUTS CHANNEL 2:
H and V TTL level syncs, any
polarity and any frequency, 5 Vpp / 47k on BNCs.
INPUTS CHANNEL 3:
H and V looping analog syncs,
> 0.3Vpp / 75ohm with termination switches on BNCs,
at any frequency.
1 restored composite video
1Vpp/75 ohm on BNC type
connector.
OUTPUTS CHANNEL 1:
TTL level, 1 Vpp when 75ohm loaded, 15khz, 50/60
Hz.
OUTPUTS CHANNEL 2:
H and V syncs on BNCs -
Composite TTL level sync
on a BNC, 1Vpp when 75ohm loaded.
OUTPUTS CHANNEL 3:
Composite analog sync
1Vpp/75ohm on a BNC and a TTL level composite
sync. (or 1Vpp/75ohm analog when terminated with a
75ohm resistor) on an additional BNC.
25MHz -3dB
0.35%
1Deg.
74dB
2Vpp/75ohm
12cm x 6.5cm x 4.5cm
4.7" x 2.5" x 1.8"
48 x 17.8 x 1U
19" x 7" x 1U
0.58kg. (1.3lbs.) Approx. 2.3kg. (5.1 lbs.) Approx.
12VDC, 40mA 230VAC, 50/60Hz, 3.2VA (115VAC, U.S.A.)
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SPECIFICATIONS
Input
Output
Video
Bandwidth
Differential
Gain
Differential
Phase
K-Factor
Video S/N Ratio
SG-9 SG-11 SG-6003B
1 composite video
1Vpp/75 ohm on a BNC.
1 Green 0.7Vpp/75 ohm
One Sync 0.3Vpp/75
ohm on BNCs.
1 restored composite
video 1Vpp/75 ohm on a
BNC.
1 Sync on Green 1Vpp /
75 ohm on a BNC.
1 Green 0.7Vpp / 75
ohm, One Sync 1Vpp /
75 ohm on BNCs.
3 black burst signals, 0.3 Vpp/75
ohm, (sync) 1 color bar output
1Vpp/75ohm, 1 subcarrier
output, 1Vpp/75 ohm on BNC
connectors. Two audio tone @
1kHz, 1Vpp/100ohm outputs on
RCA connectors.
35MHz, 1dB 21MHz, 3dB
0.8%
0.5Deg.
0.1%
Better than 73dB
Max. Signal
output
Phase Error
Color Bar
Saturation
Sync Oscillator
SC oscillator
Sync/SC
Stability
Dimensions
(W, D, H)
Weight
Power Source
2Vpp/75ohm. 2Vpp/75ohm.
Less than 1 degree
Preset to 75%, may be ordered
at 100%
Crystal controlled
Crystal controlled
Fully Genlocked
Better than 50PPM
24.5cm x 18cm x 4.5cm
9.6" x 7" x 1.8"
24.5cm x 18cm x 4.5cm
9.6" x 7" x 1.8"
48 x 17.8 x 1U
19" x 7" x 1U
1.5kg. (3.3lbs.) Approx. 2.9kg. (6.4lbs.) Approx. 2.4kg. (5.3lbs.) Approx.
230VAC, 50/60 Hz
(115VAC, U.S.A.)
4.3VA.
230VAC, 50/60 Hz,
(115VAC, U.S.A.)
4.1VA
230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, (115VAC,
U.S.A), 5.7VA
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