Kramer Electronics SD-7108 User Manual

KRAMER ELECTRONICS Ltd.

USER MANUAL

SDI and Digital Audio Distribution Amplifiers

Models:

6104
SD-7108
SD-7208
SD-7816

SD-7816B

IMPORTANT: Before proceeding, please read paragraph entitled

"Unpacking and Contents"

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD.

P/N: 2900-006002

Table Of Contents

Section Name Page

1 INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 Digital and Analog Signals 2

1.2 Several Points to Consider when Working with Digital Signals 2

1.3 SDI Standards 4

1.4 Factors Affecting Quality of Results 4
2 SPECIFICATIONS 5
3 HOW DO I GET STARTED? 6
4 UNPACKING AND CONTENTS 6
5 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES 6
6 SDI AND DIGITAL AUDIO DISTRIBUTORS 7

6.1 Getting to Know Your 6104 Distributor 7

6.2 Getting to Know Your SD-7108 Distributor / Deserializer 8

6.3 Getting to Know Your SD-7208 Serializer / Distributor 9

6.4 Getting to Know Your SD-7816 Digital Audio Distributor 10

6.5 Getting to Know Your SD-7816B Digital Audio Distributor 11
7 INSTALLATION 12
8 CONNECTING TO DIGITAL VIDEO DEVICES 12
9 CONNECTING TO DIGITAL AUDIO DEVICES 12
10 TURNING ON THE MACHINES 12

10.1 Operation of the SDI Distributors 13

10.2 Operation of the Digital Audio Distributors 13

10.2.1 Programming 15

10.2.2 Indication 15
11 TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE 15
12 TROUBLESHOOTING 16

12.1 Power and Indicators 16

12.2 SDI and Digital Audio Signals 16
Limited Warranty 17

List Of Illustrations

Figure Page

1
2
3 6104 Front/Rear Panel Features 7
4 SD-7108 Front/Rear panel Features 8
5 SD-7208 Front/Rear panel Features 9
6 SD-7816 Front/Rear panel Features 10
7 SD-7816B Front/Rear panel Features 11
8 Signal peak-to-peak measurement 13
9 Compensation level 14

Digital “eye” Diagram
The Digital “eye” after accumulating noise and jitter

3

4

List Of Tables

Table Page

1 6104 Front/Rear Panel Features 7
2 SD-7108 Front/Rear panel Features 8
3 SD-7208 Front/Rear panel Features 9
4 SD-7816 Front/Rear panel Features 10
5 SD-7816B Front/Rear panel Features 11
6 Dip-Switch settings for signal level compensation 15

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 1

1 INTRODUCTION

Congratulations on your purchase of this Kramer Electronics SDI / Digital Audio Distributor. Since
1981, Kramer has been dedicated to the development and manufacture of high quality video/audio
equipment. The Kramer line has become an integral part of many of the best production and presentation
facilities around the world. In recent years, Kramer has redesigned and upgraded most of the line, making
the best even better. Kramer’s line of professional video/audio electronics is one of the most versatile and
complete available, and is a true leader in terms of quality, workmanship, price/performance ratio and
innovation. In addition to the Kramer line of high quality distributors, such as the one you have just
purchased, Kramer also offers a full line of high quality switchers, processors, interfaces, controllers and
computer-related products.

This manual includes configuration, operation and option information for the following products
from the Kramer line of SDI and Digital Audio Distributors.

6104 – 1:4 SDI Distributor (Kramer DigiTOOLS)

SD-7108 – 1:8 SDI Distributor / Deserializer

SD-7208 – Serializer / 1:8 SDI Distributor

SD-7816 – 2x1:8 or 1:16 Digital Balanced Audio Distributor

SD-7816B – 2x1:8 or 1:16 Digital Unbalanced Audio Distributor

1.1 Digital and Analog signals

An analog signal varies continuously. It may have any value (within its physical bounds) and can
change at any instant. A digital signal is made up of a finite number of discrete levels, usually – but not
always – changing only at discrete time periods. An example of a digitized waveform is shown below.

ANALOG SIGNAL

DIGITAL SIGNAL

1.2 Several points to consider when working with digital signals

The minimum noise introduced by quantizing is 1 bit (1 level), so the higher the number of bits, the
lower the inherent noise, and the higher the resolution.

Since A/D and D/A conversions create artifacts, it is important not to convert back and forth. In a
“mixed” outfit, the video should be digitized, and all the digital processing done before converting back to
analog.

“Multi-media” systems usually quantize the video to 8 bits (i.e. 2

8

= 256) levels. Some “levels” are
dedicated to special codes (SAV, EAV – similar to syncs in analog video), leaving 220 quantization levels
(~3mV steps) for the luminance signals. Audio is usually quantized to 16 bits for multi-media systems.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 2

Broadcast systems usually use 10-bit video, and 20- to 24- bit audio.
The advantages of working in a digital domain are obvious – a digital signal may be transported

very easily, and saved and retrieved reliably with no generation losses.

The transmission of a digital video signal is reliable up to a certain length of cable. Beyond this
length, the signal is destroyed. This phenomenon is known as the “cliff-effect”. To avoid the “crash” at
the cliff, an “equalizer and reclocker” should be inserted at a distance less than the “cliff” length. From
this point it is again possible to drive a cable up to the “cliff” length. This is similar to the “repeater”
analogy for analog signals. (Note: the term “equalizer” is usually dropped, and the “equalizer and
reclocker” is often referred to simply as a “reclocker”).

“Equalization” is a process of amplifying the input signal to overcome losses on the cable. For
digital signals, this is possible, since the correct amplitude of the signal is known!

“Reclocking” is a process of “cleaning up” the signal in the time-domain, i.e., removing the jitter
which was introduced as a result of the long cable. To do this, the timing source must be recovered from
the signal, and the signal is regenerated with stable timing.

A graphic representation of the timing and amplitude distortions is shown in an “eye diagram”, as
below:

Figure 1: Digital “eye” Diagram

Increase in jitter and decrease in amplitude cause the eye to “close”. It is clear that jitter of more
than ±50% would result in an irretrievable signal (cliff effect).

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 3

Figure 2: The Digital “eye” after accumulating noise and jitter

1.3 SDI Standards

Today, “uncompressed” digital video usually refers to digital component video (the ITU-R BT.601
standard). This is based on a sampling of component video. The sampling scheme stipulates one
luminance (Y) sample for each pair of color-difference (R-Y and B-Y) samples.

Luminance sampling is done at 13.5MS/s (mega-samples per second), and each color-difference is
sampled at 6.75MS/s. This is also known as 4:2:2 (Y is sampled at 4f
differences at 2f

).

sc

The 8 or 10 bits of data are serialized to produce a single stream of bits (SMPTE-259 standard) at
270MS/s for 10 bits (10X(13.5+6.75+6.75) = 270). This is known as “Serial Component Video”, and is
usually referred to as SDI.

“Serial Composite Video” is (true) 4f

sampling of composite video – PAL at ~177MS/s, and

sc

NTSC at ~143MS/s. This standard is hardly used, except in some older installations in the USA.

The “Digital Widescreen” standard was launched in the early 90’s. This is a digital version of Pal
Plus (16:9 or Letterbox aspect ratio), and it works at 360MS/s.

(more or less!), and the color

sc

1.4 Factors Affecting Quality of Results

There are many factors affecting the quality of signals transmitted from a source to an acceptor. The
following examples illustrate the effect on analog video and audio. For digital signals, the interference
would effectively decrease “cliff” length.

Connection cables

Low quality cables are susceptible to interference; they degrade
signal quality due to poor matching and cause elevated noise levels.
They should therefore be of the best quality.

Sockets and connectors
of the sources and
acceptors

So often ignored, they should be of highest quality, since "Zero
ohm" connection resistance is the objective. Sockets and connectors
also must match the required impedance (75ohm in video). Cheap, low
quality connectors tend to rust, thus causing breaks in the signal path.

Amplifying circuitry

Must have quality performance when the desired result is high
linearity, low distortion and low noise operation.

Distance between
sources and acceptors

Plays a major role in the final result. For long distances (over 15
meters) between sources and acceptors, special measures should be
taken in order to avoid cable losses. These include using higher quality
cables or adding line amplifiers.

Interference from
neighboring electrical
appliances

These can have an adverse effect on signal quality. Balanced
audio lines are less prone to interference, but unbalanced audio should
be installed far from any mains power cables, electric motors,
transmitters, etc. even when the cables are shielded.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 4

2 SPECIFICATIONS

Function

Inputs

Outputs

Resolution

Standards

Equalization
& reclocking

Control

Display

Dimensions

Weight

Power Source

6104 SD-7108 SD-7208 SD-7816 SD-7816B

1:4 SDI
Distributor

1 SMPTE­259M Serial
Video, 75 ohms
on a BNC

4 reclocked
SMPTE-259M
Serial Video,
75 ohms on
BNCs.

8 or 10-bits,
automatic

143Mb/s (4fsc
NTSC)

177Mb/s (4fsc
PAL)

270Mb/s (4:2:2
Component)

360Mb/s (4:2:2
Widescreen)

Automatic up to
30 dB of cable
loss

NA Output level Output level

Power ON LED

12cm X 7.5cm
X 2.5cm
(4.7” X 3” X
1”, W,D,H)

0.3 kg (0.67
lbs.) Approx.

12 VDC, 250
mA.

1:8 SDI
Distributor /
Deserializer

1 SMPTE-259M
Serial Video, 75
ohms on a BNC

8 reclocked
SMPTE-259M
Serial Video, 75
ohms on BNCs,
with adjustable
level

8 or 10-bits,
automatic

143Mb/s (4fsc
NTSC)

177Mb/s (4fsc
PAL)

270Mb/s (4:2:2
Component)

360Mb/s (4:2:2
Widescreen)

Automatic up to
30 dB of cable loss

Operating
Standard LEDs

19” 1U, rack
mountable

2.5 kg (5.5 lbs.)
Approx

230 VAC (115
VAC, U.S.A)

14 VA

Serializer, 1:8 SDI
Distributor

Parallel Digital
Video on DB25F
connector, ECL
levels

8 reclocked
SMPTE-259M
Serial Video, 75
ohms on BNCs,
with adjustable
level

8 or 10-bits,
automatic

143Mb/s (4fsc
NTSC)

177Mb/s (4fsc
PAL)

270Mb/s (4:2:2
Component)

360Mb/s (4:2:2
Widescreen)

Automatic
reclocker

Signal lock LED

19” 1U, rack
mountable

2.5 kg (5.5 lbs.)
Approx

230 VAC (115
VAC, U.S.A)

10 VA

1:16 or 2x1:8
AES/EBU
Distributor

Digital Audio, 110
ohm on detachable
terminal blocks

16 reclocked digital
audio, 110 ohms on
detachable terminal
blocks

32-96 kHz
sampling
frequencies

AES/EBU, IEC
958, S/PDIF and
EIAJ CP340/1201

Automatic up to 24
dB of cable loss @
48 kHz

Mode selection,
Equalization level

Error and DATA
existence LEDs for
each input channel

19” 1U, rack
mountable

2.6 kg (5.7 lbs.)
Approx.

230 VAC (115
VAC, U.S.A)

10 VA

1:16 or 2x1:8
AES/EBU
Distributor

Digital Audio, 75
ohm on BNCs

16 reclocked digital
audio, 75 ohms on
BNCs

32-96 kHz
sampling
frequencies

AES/EBU, IEC
958, S/PDIF and
EIAJ CP340/1201

Automatic up to 24
dB of cable loss @
48 kHz

Mode selection,
Equalization level

Error and DATA
existence LEDs for
each input channel

19” 1U, rack
mountable

2.6 kg (5.7 lbs.)
Approx.

230 VAC (115
VAC, U.S.A)

10 VA

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 5

3 HOW DO I GET STARTED?

The fastest way to get started is to take your time and do everything right the first time. Taking 15
minutes to read the manual may save you a few hours later. You don’t even have to read the whole
manual. If a section doesn’t apply to you, you don’t have to spend your time reading it.

4 UNPACKING AND CONTENTS

The items contained in your Kramer SDI / Digital Audio Distributor package are listed below.
Please save the original box and packaging materials for possible future shipment of the accessory.

 SDI / Digital Audio Distributor
 Kramer Concise Product Catalog
 Power cord (12 VDC wall transformer/ power supply for the 6104)
 This User Manual
 Rubber Feet

5 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

The following accessories, which are available from Kramer, can enhance implementation of your
distributor. For information regarding cables and additional accessories, contact your Kramer dealer.

SD-7308 – for switching between SDI sources: The machine is a multi-standard, adjustment-free 8x1
switcher for SDI (serial digital) video signals. It accepts up to eight SDI inputs, provides necessary
buffering and reclocking, and routes the selected source to four identical SDI outputs using BNC
connectors. It provides automatic equalization for losses typical with long runs of 75-ohm co-axial cable.
Depending on the cable and video standard, cable length of several hundred meters is possible. Standard
recognition is automatic and the machine switches during the vertical interval according to the SMPTE RP­168 standard. A rear-panel output level control is provided to optimize signal level. The input select
function of the SD-7308 can be controlled by front panel buttons and by RS-232 commands transmitted by
a touch-screen control system, personal computer, or other control system. When no signal exists on a
selected input, the LED in the appropriate button flashes. The SD-7308 automatically recognizes the word
length for both 10-bit and 8-bit video.

SD-7388 - an adjustment-free, 8x8 matrix switcher for SDI (serial digital) video signals. It is a true
matrix allowing any input to be routed to any or all outputs simultaneously. It provides automatic
equalization for losses on a 75-ohm co-axial cable, and reclocks each output to provide 8 low-jitter serial
digital outputs. Video standard recognition is automatic, and the SD-7388 switches during the vertical
interval. The SD-7388 accepts either analog or serial video as the external source for its vertical trigger, and
any output can be assigned as the sync source. The SD-7388 can be controlled by front panel buttons, RS­232 and RS-485. It is fully compatible with both 10-bit and 8-bit video, automatically recognizing word
length.

SD-7401 - a multi-standard, adjustment-free digital to analog converter designed to accept an SDI
(4:4:2 serial digital video) input, and provide analog outputs in four common signal formats. The SDI input
is equalized and reclocked, and converted to composite video, S-video (Y/C) and component video (RGsB
or Y, R-Y, B-Y) outputs simultaneously. The SD-7401 also has an internal 75% color bar generator, whose
timing is based on the SDI input. The SD-7401 encodes 525 line signals to NTSC-M and 625 lines to PAL­B. Versions designed for other standards such as SECAM, PAL-M, and NTSC 4.43 may be available by
special request. When encoding NTSC, the unit may be programmed with or without a 7.5 IRE setup
(pedestal).

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 6

6 SDI AND DIGITAL AUDIO DISTRIBUTORS

This section describes all the controls and connections of your distributor. Understanding the

controls and connections helps you realize the full power of your machine.

6.1 Getting to Know Your 6104 Distributor

The Kramer 6104 is an adjustment-free, equalized, reclocking, multi-standard Serial Video

Distribution Amplifier. The machine provides automatic equalization for losses on the 75-ohm co-axial

cable (up to 100s of meters of cable - depending on the cable and the video standard), and reclocks the
output to provide 4 low-jitter, serial digital outputs. Standard recognition is automatic, with 4f
NTSC, Component 4:2:2, and 16:9 (wide-screen) standards being recognized. The machine operates for
both 10-bit and 8-bit video, automatically recognizing the word length.

The 6104 is part of the new Kramer DIGITOOLS

family of compact, high quality, and cost-

effective solutions for a variety of applications.

Panel features of the 6104 are described in Figure 3 and Table 1.

PAL, 4fsc

sc

Figure 3: 6104 Front/Rear Panel Features

Table 1: 6104 Front/Rear Panel Features

Feature Function

1.

2.

3.

4.

OUT 1–4
INPUT
ON LED
12 VDC

4 BNCs for connecting the SDI acceptors
SDI input on a BNC connector
Indicates that the machine is properly powered
12 Volts DC feed to the machine

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 7

6.2 Getting to Know Your SD-7108 Distributor / Deserializer

The Kramer SD-7108 is an adjustment-free, equalized, reclocking, multi-standard Serial Video

Distribution Amplifier. In addition, a parallel ECL reclocked output is also provided.

The machine provides automatic equalization for losses on the 75-ohm co-axial cable (up to 100s of
meters of cable - depending on the cable and the video standard), and reclocks the output to provide 8
low-jitter, serial digital outputs. Standard recognition is automatic, and front-panel LEDs indicate the
detected standard. 4f

PAL, 4fsc NTSC, Component 4:2:2, and 16:9 (wide-screen) standards are all

sc

recognized. The user may adjust the serial video output level. The CARRIER LED indicates the detection
of a signal at the input, and the SYNC LED shows that horizontal synchronization has been detected. The
machine operates for both 10-bit and 8-bit video, automatically recognizing the word length.

Panel features of the SD-7108 are described in Figure 4 and Table 2.

1.

POWER

2.

LED INDICATORS

3.

SERIAL IN

4.

OUT LEVEL

5.

SERIAL OUT

6.

PARALLEL OUT

7.

POWER SOCKET

Figure 4: SD-7108 Front/Rear Panel Features

Table 2: SD-7108 Front/Rear Panel Features

Feature Function

Power ON/Off Switch, illuminates when toggled.
LED status indicators
SDI input BNC connector
Output level adjustment trimmer
8 SDI outputs on BNCs
Parallel Digital output on DB-25F connector
A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 8

6.3 Getting to Know Your SD-7208 Serializer / Distributor

The Kramer SD-7208 is an adjustment-free, reclocking, multi-standard Serializer/SDI Distribution

Amplifier.

The machine embeds the clock and parallel data into an NRZI serial stream according to the SMPTE
259M standard and reclocks the output to provide 8 low-jitter, serial digital outputs. Standard recognition
is automatic. A front panel LED indicates locking to the incoming signal. The user may adjust the serial
video output level. The machine operates for both 10-bit and 8-bit video, automatically recognizing the
word length.

Panel features of the SD-7208 are described in Figure 5 and Table 3.

Figure 5: SD-7208 Front/Rear Panel Features

Table 3: SD-7208 Front/Rear Panel Features

Feature Function

1.

POWER Power ON/Off Switch, illuminates when toggled.

2.

LOCK Signal LOCK indicator LED

3.

PARALLEL IN Parallel Digital Video input socket on a DB25F connector

4.

OUT LEVEL Output level adjustment trimmer

5.

SERIAL OUT 8 SDI outputs on BNCs

6.

POWER SOCKET A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 9

6.4 Getting to Know Your SD-7816 Digital Audio Distributor

The Kramer SD-7816 is a high performance, dual mode, distribution amplifier for digital audio
signals. The machine can be set to operate as a single-channel 1:16 or as a two-channel 1:8 unit. Several
digital formats are supported including AES/EBU, IEC 958, S/PDIF and EIAJ CP340/1201 professional
and consumer formats with sampling frequencies up to 96 kHz.

The machine provides 2 inputs, equalized to compensate for losses on twisted pair cables.
Reclocking at each input provides 16 low-jitter digital audio outputs. The SD-7816 uses 110-ohm twisted
pair cable on detachable terminal block connectors. All inputs and outputs are transformer coupled. The
front panel LEDs display the selected setup, the presence of digital audio signals, and the detection of errors
in the data stream.

Panel features of the SD-7816 are described in Figure 6 and Table 4.

Figure 6: SD-7816 Front/Rear Panel Features

Table 4: SD-7816 Front/Rear Panel Features

Feature Function

1.

POWER Power ON/Off Switch, illuminates when toggled.

2.

ERROR/DATA Channel B status LEDs

3.

ERROR/DATA Channel A status LEDs

4.

MODE Mode select illuminated buttons (2x1:8 or 1:16 operation)

5.

INPUTS 2 differential Digital Audio inputs (110Ω)

6.

EQUALIZE Equalization control dip-switches for the inputs

7.

OUTPUTS 16 Digital differential Audio outputs on detachable terminal blocks

6.

POWER SOCKET A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 10

6.5 Getting to Know Your SD-7816B Digital Audio Distributor

The Kramer SD-7816B is a high performance, dual mode, distribution amplifier for digital audio
signals. The machine can be set to operate as a single-channel 1:16 or as a two-channel 1:8 unit. Several
digital formats are supported including AES/EBU, IEC 958, S/PDIF and EIAJ CP340/1201 professional
and consumer formats with sampling frequencies up to 96 kHz.

The machine provides 2 inputs equalized to compensate for losses on 75-ohm cables. Reclocking at
each input provides 16 low-jitter digital audio outputs. The SD-7816B is designed for 75-ohm coaxial
cables on BNC connectors.

All inputs and outputs are transformer coupled. The front panel LEDs display the selected setup, the
presence of digital audio signals, and the detection of errors in the data stream.

Panel features of the SD-7816B are described in Figure 7 and Table 5.

Figure 7: SD-7816B Front/Rear Panel Features

Table 5: SD-7816B Front/Rear Panel Features

Feature Function

1.

POWER Power ON/Off Switch, illuminates when toggled.

2.

ERROR/DATA Channel B status LEDs

3.

ERROR/DATA Channel A status LEDs

4.

MODE Mode select illuminated buttons (2x1:8 or 1:16 operation)

5.

INPUTS 2 single-ended digital audio inputs on BNCs (75Ω)

6.

EQUALIZE Equalization control dip-switches for the inputs

7.

OUTPUTS 16 Digital single-ended Audio outputs on BNCs

8.

POWER SOCKET A fused socket for connecting the mains power cord

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 11

7 INSTALLATION

8 CONNECTING TO DIGITAL VIDEO DEVICES

Digital video sources and output devices may be connected to the SDI distributors through the BNC
type connectors on the back panel. SDI signals are very high frequency carrying signals, and are sensitive
to cable quality and length. SDI signals suffer from the “cliff effect” - where the signal might look good
after traveling a certain cable length, but when the line is extended with a few inches more - the signal
might crash completely, without any warning. Keep the length of the cables at the absolute minimum
required!

The machines described in this manual have built in provisions to minimize signal loss and
distortions. The SDI inputs have built-in cable equalization circuitries to compensate for high frequency
cable losses, as well as “time-base correction” - reclocking circuitries, which eliminate signal jitter
accumulated along the cables. The reclocking circuitry regenerates the signals, eliminating signal
instability and potential “cliff-effects”. With the built in equalization and reclocking circuitries, the
distributors can be operated using cable lengths of hundreds of meters, provided high quality cables are
used.

9 CONNECTING TO DIGITAL AUDIO DEVICES

Digital audio sources and output devices may be connected to the Digital Audio Distributors
through the detachable terminal block connectors or the BNC type connectors on the back panel. Digital
Audio signals have high frequency components, and are thus sensitive to cable quality and length, similar
to the SDI signals. Keep the length of the cables at the absolute minimum required! The machines
described in this manual have built in provisions to minimize signal loss and distortions. They have built­in cable equalization circuitries to compensate for high frequency cable losses, as well as “time-base
correction” - reclocking circuitries, which eliminate signal jitter accumulated along the cables. The
reclocking circuitry regenerates the signals clock pulses, eliminating signal instability and potential “cliff­effects”. The SD-7816 should be used if the digital audio system uses differential (balanced, 110Ω)
signals. The SD-7816B should be used if the system uses single-ended (unbalanced, 75Ω) signals.

10 TURNING ON THE MACHINE

NOTES

1) The machine should only be turned on after all connections are
completed and all source devices have been turned on. Do not
attempt to connect or disconnect any video signal to the
machine while it is turned on.

2) The socket-outlet should be near the equipment and should be
easily accessible. To fully disconnect equipment, remove the
power supply adapter from the mains socket.

1) Connect the machine's mains socket to the wall socket using the power cord (provided with the
machine).

2) Operate the source and the acceptors.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 12

10.1 Operation of the SDI Distributors

⌦ Connect an SDI source to the BNC input socket of the 6104 or SD-7108 distributor.
⌦ Connect a Parallel digital video source to the DB25 input socket of the SD-7208.
⌦ Connect up to four (6104), or eight (SD-7108, SD-7208), SDI acceptors to the output sockets

of the distributor.

⌦ Connect, if required, a Parallel digital video acceptor to the PARALLEL OUT socket of the

SD-7108.

⌦ Adjust, only if required, the SDI output levels (SD-7108, SD-7208) using an insulated

screwdriver. Bear in mind the machines are factory pre-adjusted for 1:1 transparency, and
unnecessarily trimming the output level will upset this transparency.

10.2 Operation of the Digital Audio Distributors

For AES/EBU twisted pair connections (as defined by AES3-1992 standard) the SD-7816 DA should
be used. The signal is bi-phase coded, transformer coupled and transmitted in a balanced format on shielded
twisted pair wires. The signal level may be 2 to 7 volts peak to peak with a source impedance of 110 ohms.
The interconnecting cable should exhibit nominal 110 ohms characteristic impedance. When connecting the
source and the acceptors, special attention should be paid to the polarity of the connections.

Measure the level of the input signal using an oscilloscope, (excluding overshoots and undershoots)
as shown in figure 8. Using this value, set the DIP-switches according to Table 6. (Table 6 is based on the
graph in figure 9 - “Professional format: 110 ohm, Balanced”).

Figure 8: Signal peak-to-peak measurement

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 13

Figure 9: Compensation level

The AES and SMPTE committees established the standard interface for transmission of AES/EBU
data on coaxial cable, sometimes referred to as AES3-ID. For this type of interface, the SD-7816B should
be used. The signal is bi-phase coded, transformer coupled and transmitted over a coaxial cable in a single
ended format. The signal level is 1.0 volts peak to peak with a source impedance of 75 ohms. The
interconnecting cable should also exhibit a nominal 75 ohms characteristic impedance. After all the
connections have been made, turn on the source signals units and the SD-7816B and measure, using an
oscilloscope, the signal level - directly on the input connectors of the SD-7816B as discribed above. Using
this value, set the DIP-switches according to Table 6. (Table 6 is based on the graph in figure 9 ­“Consumer format – 75 ohms, on BNCs”).

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 14

Professional format: 110 ohm, Balanced Consumer format: 75 ohms, on BNCs

Volts (p-p)

DIP SWITCH SETTING DIP SWITCH SETTING Measured value,

4 3 2 1

Measured value,
Volts (p-p)

4 3 2 1

1.8v and above OFF OFF OFF OFF 0.9v and above OFF OFF OFF OFF

1.7V OFF OFF OFF ON 0.82V OFF OFF OFF ON

1.6v OFF OFF ON OFF 0.77V OFF OFF ON OFF

1.5V OFF OFF ON ON 0.72V OFF OFF ON ON

1.4V OFF ON OFF OFF 0.68V OFF ON OFF OFF

1.3V OFF ON OFF ON 0.64V OFF ON OFF ON

1.2V OFF ON ON OFF 0.60V OFF ON ON OFF

1.1V OFF ON ON ON 0.55V OFF ON ON ON

1.0V ON OFF OFF OFF 0.50V ON OFF OFF OFF

0.9V ON OFF OFF ON 0.46V ON OFF OFF ON

0.8V ON OFF ON OFF 0.41V ON OFF ON OFF

0.7V ON OFF ON ON 0.37V ON OFF ON ON

0.6V ON ON OFF OFF 0.33V ON ON OFF OFF

0.5V ON ON OFF ON 0.29V ON ON OFF ON

0.4V ON ON ON OFF 0.24V ON ON ON OFF

0.3V ON ON ON ON 0.20V ON ON ON ON

Table 6: Dip-Switch settings for signal level compensation

10.2.1 PROGRAMMING

The mode of operation (programming) is selected by activating one of the touch buttons marked A:8/B:8,
A:16, B:16.

The programming buttons illuminate when pressed and function as follows:

A:8/B:8 – splits input A to outputs 1A – 8A and input B to outputs 1B – 8B repectively.
A:16 – splits input A to all outputs 1A – 8A and 1B – 8B
B:16 – splits input B to all outputs 1A – 8A and 1B – 8B

10.2.2 INDICATION

Each channel has two status LEDs. The GREEN one indicates the presence of data and the RED
one indicates an ERROR within the digital audio signal. When a valid digital audio signal is detected, the
corresponding GREEN LED is lit. The RED LED may light up when there is no signal on the
corresponding input (GREEN LED off). When the RED LED is lit together with the GREEN LED, it is an
indication that the signal at the input is either a non-standard signal or it has errors. For normal operation,
the GREEN LED is lit and RED LED is unlit.

The built-in “watch dog” circuitry checks each and every frame of the digital audio signal. If an
ERROR appears in a frame, the RED LED is illuminated for about half a second.

11 TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE

Do not locate your machine in an environment where it is susceptible to dust or moisture. Both of

these may damage the electronics, and cause erratic operation or failure. Do not locate your machine
where temperature and humidity may be excessive. Doing so may also damage the electronics, and cause
erratic operation or failure of your machine. Do not clean your machine with abrasives or strong cleaners.
Doing so may remove or damage the finish, or may allow moisture to build up. Take care not to allow
dust or particles to build up inside unused or open connectors.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 15

12 TROUBLESHOOTING

1. Please note that if the output signal is disturbed or interrupted
by very strong external electromagnetic interference, it should
return and stabilize when such interference ends. If not,
disconnect power from the machine and reconnect again to
reset the machine.

2. If the following recommended actions still do not result in
satisfactory operation, please consult your KRAMER Dealer.

12.1 Power and Indicators

Problem Remedy
No Power

1. For the SD-7108, SD-7208, SD-7816 and SD-7816B, confirm that the
rocker switch is in the “ON” position, and that the switch is
illuminated.

2. For the SD-7108, SD-7208, SD-7816 and SD-7816B, confirm that
power connections are secured at the machine and at the receptacle.
Make sure the mains receptacle is active. If still there is no power,
remove power cord from AC outlet and then, using a flat head
screwdriver, remove the fuse holder located directly below the power
connector on your machine. Confirm that the fuse is good by looking
for the wire connected between the ends of the fuse. If the wire is
broken, replace the fuse with another, with the same rating.

3. For the 6104 – check for proper DC polarity, and if needed, carefully
remove the cover of the machine and check the on-board fuse. Replace
the fuse with an identical-value fuse if necessary.

NOTES

12.2 SDI and Digital Audio Signals

Problem Remedy
No video or audio at
the output device.

1. Confirm that your source and output devices are turned on and connected
properly. The input of your machine should be of an identical signal
format or standard as the output of your source. Signals at the output of
your machine should be of an identical signal format or standard as at the
input of your display or acceptor.

2. Confirm that any other device in the signal path has the proper input
and/or output selected.

3. Confirm that the maximum cable length was not exceeded.
Disappearance of the SDI or the Digital Audio signals may be a result of
the “cliff effect”.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 16

LIMITED WARRANTY

Kramer Electronics (hereafter Kramer) warrants this product free from defects in material and

workmanship under the following terms.

HOW LONG IS THE WARRANTY

Labor and parts are warranted for three years from the date of the first customer purchase.

WHO IS PROTECTED

Only the first purchase customer may enforce this warranty.

WHAT IS COVERED AND WHAT IS NOT COVERED

Except as below, this warranty covers all defects in material or workmanship in this product.
The following are not covered by the warranty:

1) Any product which is not distributed by Kramer or which is not purchased from an authorized
Kramer dealer. If you are uncertain as to whether a dealer is authorized, please contact Kramer at
one of the agents listed in the web site www.kramerelectronics.com.

2) Any product, on which the serial number has been defaced, modified or removed.

3) Damage, deterioration or malfunction resulting from:

a) Accident, misuse, abuse, neglect, fire, water, lightning or other acts of nature.

b) Unauthorized product modification, or failure to follow instructions supplied with the

product.

c) Repair or attempted repair by anyone not authorized by Kramer.

d) Any shipment of the product (claims must be presented to the carrier).

e) Removal or installation of the product.

f) Any other cause, which does not relate to a product defect.

g) Cartons, equipment enclosures, cables or accessories used in conjunction with the

product.

WHAT WE WILL PAY FOR AND WHAT WE WILL NOT PAY FOR

We will pay labor and material expenses for covered items. We will not pay for the following:

1) Removal or installations charges.

2) Costs of initial technical adjustments (set-up), including adjustment of user controls or
programming. These costs are the responsibility of the Kramer dealer from whom the product was
purchased.

3) Shipping charges.

HOW YOU CAN GET WARRANTY SERVICE

1) To obtain service on you product, you must take or ship it prepaid to any authorized Kramer
service center.

2) Whenever warranty service is required, the original dated invoice (or a copy) must be presented as
proof of warranty coverage, and should be included in any shipment of the product. Please also
include in any mailing a contact name, company, address, and a description of the problem(s).

3) For the name of the nearest Kramer authorized service center, consult your authorized dealer.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 17

LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES

All implied warranties, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose,

are limited in duration to the length of this warranty.

EXCLUSION OF DAMAGES

Kramer’s liability for any defective products is limited to the repair or replacement of the product at

our option. Kramer shall not be liable for:

1) Damage to other property caused by defects in this product, damages based upon inconvenience,
loss of use of the product, loss of time, commercial loss; or:

2) Any other damages, whether incidental, consequential or otherwise. Some countries may not
allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts and/or do not allow the exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations and exclusions may
not apply to you.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have other rights, which vary from place

to place.

NOTE: All products returned to Kramer for service must have prior approval. This may be obtained

from your dealer.

NOTICE

This equipment has been tested to determine compliance with the requirements of:

EN-50081: "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC);

generic emission standard.
Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry"

EN-50082: "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) generic immunity standard.

Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry environment".

CFR-47

FCC Rules and Regulations:
Part 15- “Radio frequency devices:
Subpart B- Unintentional radiators

CAUTION



Servicing of the above mentioned machines is only allowed to a Kramer authorized technician or
Engineer. Any user who makes changes or modifications to the unit without the express approval of the
manufacturer will void user authority to operate the equipment.



Use the DC power supply (provided) to supply power to the machine and controllers.



Please use recommended interconnect cables to connect the machine to controllers and other components.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. 18

The list of Kramer distributors appears on our web site:

www.kramerelectronics.com

From the web site it is also possible to e-mail factory headquarters.

We welcome your questions, comments and feedback.

KRAMER ELECTRONICS, LTD.

3 Am VeOlamo Street. Jerusalem 95463, Israel Tel: [phone]. Fax: [phone]

E-mail: [e-mail]