Kramer Electronics Ltd.
USER MANUAL
MECHANICAL SWITCHING TOOLS
Models:
4x1S, 4x1V, 4x1VB, VP-201
IMPORTANT: Before proceeding, please read paragraph entitled
Kramer Electronics LTD.
"Unpacking and Contents"
Table Of Contents
Section Name Page
1 Introduction 1
1.1 A word on video switchers 1
1.2 Factor affecting quality of results 1
2 Specifications 2
3 How do I get started? 3
4 Unpacking and contents 3
4.1 Optional accessories 3
5 Mechanical switchers 4
5.1 Getting to know your 4x1S switcher 4
5.2 Getting to know your 4x1V switcher 5
5.3 Getting to know your 4x1VB switcher 6
5.4 Getting to know your VP-201 switcher 7
6 Installation 8
6.1 Rack mounting 8
7 Connecting to video devices 8
8 Using the switchers 8
8.1 Controlling the switcher (4x1S, 4x1V, 4x1VB only) 8
8.2 VGA/XGA switching (VP-201 only) 8
8.3 Typical video switching 9
9 Taking care of your machine 10
10 Troubleshooting 10
10.1 Video signal 10
11 Limited warranty 11
List Of Illustrations
Figure Page
1 4x1S side panel features 4
2 4x1V side panel features 5
3 4x1VB side panel features 6
4 VP-201 side panel features 7
5 VGA/XGA switching 9
6 Typical video switching 9
List Of Tables
Table Page
1 4x1S side panel features 4
2 4x1V side panel features 5
3 4x1VB side panel features 6
4 VP-201 side panel features 7
1
INTRODUCTION
Congratulations on your purchase of this Kramer Electronics Switcher. Since 1981 Kramer has been
dedicated to the development and manufacture of high quality video/audio equipment. The Kramer line
has become an integral part of many of the best production and presentation facilities around the world. In
recent years, Kramer has redesigned and upgraded most of the line, making the best even better. Kramer’s
line of professional video/audio electronics is one of the most versatile and complete available, and is a
true leader in terms of quality, workmanship, price/performance ratio and innovation. In addition to the
Kramer line of high quality switchers, such as the one you have just purchased, Kramer also offers a full
line of high quality distribution amplifiers, processors, interfaces, controllers and computer-related
products.
This manual includes configuration, operation and option information for the following products from the
Kramer line of switching tools. These tools are similar in operation and features.
4x1S - 4:1 s-Video Switcher
4x1V - 4:1 Video Switcher
4x1VB - 4:1 Video Switcher
VP-201 - 2:1 VGA Switcher
1.1
A Word on Video Switchers
Switchers route one or more signals to one or more users. They vary in the number of inputs, programming
capability, number of outputs, operating format (composite video, component, etc.) and switching method
(i.e., whether they switch during the vertical interval or not, whether they are electronic, RS-232 or
mechanically controlled). A video switcher usually switches between several sources (inputs) and one or
more acceptors (outputs). A switcher that allows several inputs to be connected to several outputs
simultaneously is called a Matrix Switcher. Switchers may be of the electronic or mechanical type, such as
the ones described in this manual. Most matrices are of the active electronic type, with many crosspoints.
Vertical Interval Switching, frequently used in video, ensures that the transition from one video source to
another is smooth and without interference. The mechanical switchers described in this manual have full
industrial specifications and are rack-mountable. Most of them offer a simple and economic solution for
every video or VGA/XGA application. Due to very careful design, the video bandwidth is excellent .
1.2
Factors Affecting Quality of Results
There are many factors affecting the quality of results when signals are transmitted from a source to an
acceptor:
Connection cables
- Low quality cables are susceptible to interference; they degrade signal quality
due to poor matching and cause elevated noise levels. They should therefore be of the best quality.
Sockets and connectors of the sources and acceptors
- So often ignored, they should be of
highest quality, since "Zero Ohm" connection resistance is the objective. Sockets and connectors
also must match the required impedance (75ohm in video). Cheap, low quality connectors tend to
rust, thus causing breaks in the signal path.
Amplifying circuitry
- Must have quality performance when the desired end result is high linearity,
low distortion and low noise operation.
Distance between sources and acceptors
- Plays a major role in the result. For long distances
(over 15 meters) between sources and acceptors, special measures should be taken in order to avoid
cable losses. These include using higher quality cables or adding line amplifiers.
Interference from neighboring electrical appliances
- These can have an adverse effect on signal
quality. Balanced audio lines are less prone to interference, but unbalanced audio should be
installed far from any mains power cables, electric motors, transmitters, etc. even when the cables
are shielded.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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2
SPECIFICATIONS
4x1S 4x1V 4xVB VP-201
Configuration
Input Type
Input
Connections
Input Level
Output Type
Output
Connector
Output Level
Switching
system
4x1 4x1 4x1 2x1
4 s-Video 4 video 4 video 2 VGA/XGA (RGB
analog 0.7Vpp/75
Ohm, H, V sync TTL
levels.
4P connectors RCA connectors BNC connectors HD15F connector
1Vpp/75ohm (Y),
1Vpp/75ohm 1Vpp/75ohm 1 VGA/XGA
0.3Vpp/75ohm (C)
1 s-Video 1 composite or single
component video
1 composite or single
component video
VGA/XGA (RGB
analog 0.7Vpp/75
Ohm, H, V sync TTL
levels.
4P connector RCA connector BNC connector HD15F connectors
1Vpp/75ohm (Y)
0.3Vpp/75ohm (C)
1Vpp/75ohm 1Vpp/75ohm RGB - 0.7Vpp /
75ohm, H & V syncs,
TTL level
Mechanical, Breakbefore-make
Mechanical, breakbefore-make
Mechanical, Breakbefore-make
Mechanical, Breakbefore-make
Bandwidth
Accessories
Dimensions
(W, D, H)
Weight
>400 MHz (Y) >400MHz >400MHz >320 MHz
Mounting bracket Mounting bracket Mounting bracket Mounting bracket
12 x 7.5 x 2.5 (cm)
(4.7" x 2.9" x 1")
0.25 kg. (0.55lbs.)
Approx.
12 x 7.5 x 2.5 (cm)
(4.7" x 2.9" x 1")
0.28kg. (0.62lbs.)
Approx.
12 x 7.5 x 2.5 (cm)
(4.7" x 2.9" x 1")
0.3 kg. (0.67 lbs.)
Approx.
12 x 7.5 x 2.5 (cm)
(4.7" x 2.9" x 1")
0.26kg. (0.58lbs.)
Approx.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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3
HOW DO I GET STARTED?
The fastest way to get started is to take your time and do everything right the first time. Taking 15 minutes
to read the manual may save you a few hours later. You don’t even have to read the whole manual. If a
section doesn’t apply to you, you don’t have to spend your time reading it.
4
UNPACKING AND CONTENTS
The items contained in your Kramer accessory package are listed below. Please save the original box and
packaging materials for possible future transportation and shipment of the accessory.
Switcher
User Manual
Kramer Concise Product Catalog
Mounting Bracket
4 Rubber Feet
4.1 Optional Accessories
The following accessories, which are available from Kramer, can enhance implementation of your
switcher
Rack Adapter -
machines may be installed on each adapter.
BNC "Y" Connector -
of an additional machine.
Termination Plug -
A video or s-Video distribution amplifier
20ARII (video), VM-3S, VM-50YC, VM-5YC, VM-10YC (s-Video) for distributing the output signals
to several acceptors simultaneously.
. For information regarding cables and additional accessories, contact your Kramer dealer.
Used to install smaller size machines in a standard 1 or 3 U rack. One or more
Used for looping purposes and splits the incoming signal to enable connection
Used to terminate the line to 75ohm for proper matching.
– such as the Kramer VM-3V, VM-50V, VM-10ARII, VM-
A VGA/XGA distribution amplifier
the selected VGA/XGA signal to several acceptors.
A line amplifier
(VGA/XGA) for transmitting the selected signals over long distances, minimizing cable losses.
VIDEO TESTER
Tester is used to test a video path leading to/from an amplifier. By pressing only one touch switch it can
trace missing signals, distinguish between good and jittery (VCR sourced) signals, and identify the
presence of good signals. Whenever a video signal is missing- because of bad connections, cable breaks
or faulty sources- the Video Tester is all you need.
– such as Kramer VM-9S, 104L (video), VM-9YC, 103YC (s-Video), VP-2xl, VP-22
- A new, unique, patented, indispensable tool for the video professional, the Video
– such as the Kramer VP-300, VP-400, VP-12xl – for distributing
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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5
MECHANICAL SWITCHERS
This section describes all the controls and connections of your switcher. Understanding all of the controls
and connections helps you realize the full power of your switcher.
5.1 Getting to Know Your 4x1S switcher
The Kramer 4x1S is a high quality 4x1 mechanical switcher designed for s-Video (Y/C) signals using
standard 4 pin S-video connectors. It accepts up to four inputs and allows the user to select any input to be
routed to one output using buttons located on the side panel. High quality switching components are used
to ensure minimal crosstalk and very high bandwidth. The entirely passive design of the 4x1S eliminates
the need for a power supply. Unselected inputs are automatically terminated into a 75ohm resistor. The
4x1S is part of the Kramer Tools
family of compact, high quality, cost effective solutions for a variety of
applications.
Panel features of the 4x1S are described in Figure 1 and Table 1.
NOTE
For operation instructions refer to section 8.
Figure 1: 4x1S Side Panel Features
1: 4x1S Side Panel Features
Table
No. Feature Function
1.
OUTPUT
2.
IN1-IN4
3.
IN 1-IN 4 INPUT
SELECTOR
4P connector s-Video output.
4P connectors
s-Video inputs.
Select the desired input (
buttons
IN1-IN4
) to be switched to the output.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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5.2
Getting to Know Your 4x1V switcher
The Kramer
is a high quality 4x1 mechanical switcher designed for composite video signals using
4x1V
RCA connectors. It accepts up to four inputs and allows the user to select any input to be routed to one
output using buttons located on the side panel. High quality switching components are used to ensure
minimal crosstalk and very high bandwidth. The entirely passive design of the
for a power supply. Unselected inputs are automatically terminated into a 75ohm resistor. The
part of the Kramer Tools
family of compact, high quality, cost effective solutions for a variety of
eliminates the need
4x1V
4x1V
is
applications.
Panel features of the
are described in Figure 2 and Table 2.
4x1V
NOTE
For operation instructions refer to section 8.
Figure 2: 4x1V Side Panel Features
2: 4x1V Side Panel Features
Table
No. Feature Function
1.
OUTPUT
2.
IN1-IN4
3.
IN 1-IN 4 INPUT
SELECTOR
RCA connector Composite/single component video output.
RCA connectors
buttons
Composite/single component video inputs.
Select the desired input (
IN1-IN4
) to be switched to the output.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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5.3
Getting to Know Your 4x1VB switcher
The Kramer
is a high quality 4x1 mechanical switcher designed for composite video signals using
4x1VB
BNC connectors. It accepts up to four inputs and allows the user to select any input to be routed to one
output using buttons located on the side panel. High quality switching components are used to ensure
minimal crosstalk and very high bandwidth. The entirely passive design of the
4x1VB
for a power supply. Unselected inputs are automatically terminated into a 75ohm resistor. The
part of the Kramer Tools
family of compact, high quality, cost effective solutions for a variety of
eliminates the need
is
4x1VB
applications.
Panel features of the
4x1VB
are described in Figure 3 and Table 3.
NOTE
For operation instructions refer to section 8.
Figure 3: 4x1VB Side Panel Features
3: 4x1VB Side Panel Features
Table
No. Feature Function
1.
OUTPUT
2.
IN1-IN4
3.
IN 1-IN 4 INPUT
SELECTOR
BNC connector Composite/single component video output.
BNC connectors
buttons
Composite/single component video inputs.
Select the desired input (
IN1-IN4
) to be switched to the output.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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5.4
Getting to Know Your VP-201 Switcher
The KRAMER
VP-201
computer and workstations applications. The
is a full bandwidth, 2x1 High Resolution VGA/XGA Switcher designed for
VP-201
switches two VGA/Super-VGA/XGA graphics card
outputs to one monitor or vice versa, with no discernible signal degradation. State-of-the-art PCB layout
and careful transmission-line design make the KRAMER
VP-201
Graphics Component Switchers. Signal bandwidth of 320MHz allows the
the first choice among mechanical
VP-201
to be used with the
highest quality graphics workstations.
Panel features of the
VP-201
are described in Figure 4 and Table 4.
NOTE
For operation instructions refer to section 8.
Figure 4: VP-201 Panel Features
4: VP-201 VB Panel Features
Table
No. Feature Function
1.
2.
3.
4.
INPUT 1
INPUT 2
OUTPUT
SELECT
button
HD15F connector VGA/XGA signal input 1 (output 1.)
HD15F connector VGA/XGA signal input 2 (output 2.)
HD15F connector
– input selector
VGA/XGA signal output (input.)
Select the desired input (
pressed.)
INPUT 1
when released,
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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INPUT 2
when
6
6.1
INSTALLATION
Rack Mounting
The Kramer Tools Switchers may be rack-mounted in a standard 19” (1 or 3U) EIA rack assembly, using a
special Tools Adapter (1U or 3U model) and a mounting bracket (see section 4.1). They can also be table
mounted using their rubber feet or the provided mounting brackets. These devices do not require any
specific spacing above or below the unit for ventilation. To rack mount any of the machines, follow the
installation instructions enclosed with the adaptor.
7
8
8.1
CONNECTING TO VIDEO DEVICES
Video sources and output devices (such as monitors or recorders) may be connected to the tools through
the BNC connectors (4x1VB), through the RCA connectors (4x1V), through the 4P connectors (4x1S)
located on the back of the unit or through the HD15F connectors (VP-201). The active inputs should be
terminated by the connecting source. The output signal format should match that of the input signal
format, (e.g.: If Composite video is input, then Composite video is output.) The signals supported by the
various models are video, s-video and RGB signals.
USING THE SWITCHERS
Controlling the Switcher (4x1S, 4x1V, 4x1VB only)
1) Connect the switcher's input connectors to video / s-Video sources.
2) Connect the switcher 's output connector to an appropriate acceptor.
3) Press one of the switcher input selector buttons to select the input to be switched to the output.
4) Operate the sources and the acceptors.
8.2
VGA/XGA Switching (VP-201 only)
Figure 5 illustrates typical VGA/XGA switching configurations of the VP-201: In the "2 computers/1
monitor" configuration, one of two input signals from the computers is selected by the
pushbutton (
configuration, the input computer signal is switched either to monitor 1 or monitor 2, depending on the
SELECT
INPUT 1
pushbutton position (
or
INPUT 2
OUT 1
) and switched to the monitor. In the "1 computer/2 monitors"
or
OUT 2
).
SELECT
Perform the following steps (as necessary):
1) Connect VGA/XGA source/s to the VGA/XGA input/s of the VP-201 as shown in Figure 5.
2) Connect acceptors to the outputs of the VP-201.
3) Select the desired input/output, to be switched, using the
4) Turn on the sources and acceptors.
SELECT
pushbutton.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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Figure 5: VGA/XGA Switching
8.3
Typical Video Switching
Figure 6 illustrates a typical video setup of the mechanical switchers: the incoming input signals from four
sources (VCRs in this case) are switched to one output, connected to one acceptor. Control over the
switched input is implemented by the input selectors located on the side panel of the machine (4x1S in this
case). Perform the following steps (as necessary):
1) Connect the output of the video sources to the video inputs of the 4x1S.
2) Connect the output of the 4x1S to the input of a video acceptor.
3) Select the required video input to be switched, using front panel input selector pushbuttons.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
Figure 6: Typical Video Switching
9
9
TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE
Do not locate your machine in an environment where it is susceptible to dust or moisture. Both of these
may damage the electronics, and cause erratic operation or failure. Do not locate your machine where
temperature and humidity may be excessive. Do not clean your machine with abrasives or strong cleaners.
Doing so may remove or damage the finish, or may allow moisture to build up. Take care not to allow dust
or particles to build up inside unused or open connectors.
10
10.1
TROUBLESHOOTING
Video Signal
Problem Remedy
No video at the output device,
regardless of input selected.
1. Confirm that your sources and output device are powered on and
connected properly.
2. Confirm that any other switchers in the signal path have the proper
input and/or output selected.
3. Use a Video Tester to test the video path leading to/from your
switcher (see section 4.1 " Video Tester")
Video level is too high or too
dim.
1. Verify that the video line is well matched through 75ohm
impedance; otherwise it results in a video level that is too high or
too dim.
2. Confirm that the connecting cables are of high quality, properly
built and terminated with 75ohm BNC connectors. Check level
controls located on your source input device or output display or
recorder.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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LIMITED WARRANTY
Kramer Electronics (hereafter Kramer) warrants this product to be free from defects in material and
workmanship under the following terms.
HOW LONG IS THE WARRANTY
Labor and parts are warranted for three years from the date of the first customer purchase.
WHO IS PROTECTED
Only the first purchase customer may enforce this warranty.
WHAT IS COVERED AND WHAT IS NOT COVERED
Except as below, this warranty covers all defects in material or workmanship in this product. The
following are not covered by the warranty:
1) Any product which is not distributed by Kramer or which is not purchased from an authorized Kramer
dealer. If you are uncertain as to whether a dealer is authorized, please contact Kramer at one of the agents
listed in the web site www.kramerelectronics.com.
2) Any product, on which the serial number has been defaced, modified or removed.
3) Damage, deterioration or malfunction resulting from:
a) Accident, misuse, abuse, neglect, fire, water, lightning or other acts of nature.
b) Unauthorized product modification, or failure to follow instructions supplied with the product.
c) Repair or attempted repair by anyone not authorized by Kramer.
d) Any shipment of the product (claims must be presented to the carrier).
e) Removal or installation of the product.
f) Any other cause, which does not relate to a product defect.
g) Cartons, equipment enclosures, cables or accessories used in conjunction with the product.
WHAT WE WILL PAY FOR AND WHAT WE WILL NOT PAY FOR
We will pay labor and material expenses for covered items. We will not pay for the following:
1) Removal or installations charges.
2) Costs of initial technical adju stments (set-up), inclu din g ad ju stment of user co ntrols o r pro gr amming. These
costs are the responsibility of the Kramer dealer from whom the product was purchased.
3) Shipping charges.
HOW YOU CAN GET WARRANTY SERVICE
1) To obtain service on you product, you must take or ship it prepaid to any authorized Kramer service center.
2) Whenever warranty service is required, the original dated invoice (or a copy) must be presented as proof of
warranty coverage, and should be included in any shipment of the product. Please also include in any
mailing a contact name, company, address, and a description of the problem(s).
3) For the name of the nearest Kramer authorized service center, consult your authorized dealer.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES
All implied warranties, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are
limited in duration to the length of this warranty.
EXCLUSION OF DAMAGES
Kramer’s liability for any defective products is limited to the repair or replacement of the product at our
option. Kramer shall not be liable for:
1) Damage to other property caused by defects in this product, damages based upon inconvenience, loss
of use of the product, loss of time, commercial loss; or:
2) Any other damages, whether incidental, consequential or otherwise. Some countries may not allow
limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts and/or do not allow the exclusion or limitation of
incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations and exclusions may not apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights, which vary from place to
place.
: All products returned to Kramer for service must have prior approval. This may be obtained from
NOTE
your dealer.
NOTICE
This equipment has been tested to determine compliance with the requirements of:
EN-50081
: "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC); generic emission standard. Part 1:
Residential, commercial and light industry".
EN-50082
: "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) generic immunity standard. Part 1:
Residential, commercial and light industry environment".
CFR-47
FCC Rules and Regulations:
Part 15- “Radio frequency devices:
Subpart B- Unintentional radiators”
CAUTION
Any user who makes changes or modifications to the unit without the express approval of the manufacturer
will void user authority to operate the equipment.
Please use recommended interconnect cables to connect the machine to controllers and other components.
Kramer Electronics Ltd.
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The list of Kramer distributors appears on our web site:
www.kramerelectronics.com
From the web site it is also possible to e-mail factory headquarters.
We welcome your questions, comments and feedback.
Kramer Electronics Ltd. 3 Am VeOlamo St., Jerusalem, Israel. Tel: +972-2-6544000, Fax: +972-2-6535369
Email: kramerel@netvision.net.il
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