Kramer FC-10, FC-19, FC-10D, FC-4041C, FC-4042 User Manual

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Kramer Electronics Ltd.

USER MANUAL

Format Interfaces

Models:

IMPORTANT

FC-10

FC-10D

FC-19

FC-4041C

FC-4042

FC-4043

FC-4044

FC-4208

: Before proceeding, please read paragraph entitled

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. PN: 2900-004001

"Unpacking and Contents"

Table Of Contents

Section Name Page

1 INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 A Word on Format Interfaces 2

1.2

Factors Affecting Quality of Results

2 SPECIFICATIONS 4 3 HOW DO I GET STARTED? 6 4 UNPACKING AND CONTENTS 6

4.1 Optional Accessories 6

5 FORMAT INTERFACES 7

5.1 Getting to Know Your FC-10 7

5.2

Getting to Know Your FC-10D

5.3

Getting to Know Your FC-19

5.4

Getting to Know Your FC-4041C

5.5 Getting to Know Your FC-4042 11

5.6

Getting to Know Your FC-4043

5.7

Getting to Know Your FC-4044

5.8 Getting to Know Your FC-4208 14

6 INSTALLATION 15

6.1 Rack Mounting 15

7 CONNECTING TO VIDEO DEVICES 15 8 CONNECTING TO AUDIO DEVIC ES (FC- 4208 ON LY) 15 9 USING THE MACHINES 15

9.1

Powering on the Machine

9.2 Composite/YC Video Selection (FC-19, FC-4043, FC-4044 only) 15

9.3

Adjusting the HUE (FC-4043, FC-4044 only)

9.4

Looping (FC-4041C only)

9.5

Audio Level Control (FC-4208 only)

10 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 16

10.1

Interfacing Between Two Video Formats

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5 Audio Format Conversion 19

11 TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE 20 12 TROUBLESHOOTING 21

12.1

12.2 Video Signal 22

12.3

Using PC Graphics in YC Production 16

Typical Composite/YC to Component/RGB Conversion Integrating a Composite/RGB source Into a Composite/YC Switcher

Power and Indicators

Audio Signal (FC-4208 only)

12 13

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. PN: 2900-004001

List Of Illust ra tions

Figure Page

1 FC-10 Front/Rear Panel Features 7 2 FC-10D Front/Rear Panel Features 8 3 FC-19 Front/Rear Panel Features 9 4 FC-4041C Front/Rear Panel Features 10 5 FC-4042 Front/Rear Panel Features 11 6 FC-4043 Front/Rear Panel Features 12 7 FC-4044 Front/Rear Panel Features 13 8 FC-4208 Front/Rear Panel Features 14 9 Interfacing Between Two Video Formats 16 10 Using P C Graphics in Y C Production 17 11 Typical PC/Presentation Product Connections 18 12 Integrating a Component/RGB source Into a Composite/YC Switcher 19 13 Audio Format Conversion 20 14 F C-10 and FC- 1 0D Fu s e Loca t ion 22

List Of Tables

Table Page

1 Factors Affecting Qualit y of Results 3 2 FC-10 Front/Rear Panel Features 7 3 FC-10D Front/Rear Panel Features 8 4 FC-19 Front/Rear Panel Features 9 5 FC-4041C Front/Rear Panel Features 10 6 FC-4042 - Front/Rear Panel Features 11 7 FC-4043 - Front/Rear Panel Features 12 8 FC-4044- Front/Rear Panel Features 13 9 FC-4208 - Front/Rear Panel Features 14

KRAMER ELECTRONICS LTD. PN: 2900-004001

1 INTRODUCTION

Congrat ulations o n your purch ase of this Kr amer Electr onics format interface. Since 1981, Kr amer has bee n dedicated to the development and manufacture of high quality video/audio equipment. The Kramer line has become an integral part of many of the best production and presentation facilities around the world. In recent years, Kramer has redesigned and upgraded most of the line, making the best even better. Kramer’s line of professional video/audio electronics is one of the most versatile an d complete available, and is a true leader in terms of quality, workmanship, price/per formance ratio and innovation. In addition to the Kramer line of high quality format interfaces, such as the one you have just purchased, Kramer also offers a full line of high quality distribution amplifiers, switchers, processors, controllers and computer-related products. This manual includes configuration, operation and option information for the following products from the Kramer line of format interfaces. All these interf aces are similar in operation and features.

FC-10 - Composite-YC Transcoder FC-4042 - RGB Component Transcoder FC-10D - Composite-YC Comb Filter/Transcoder FC-4043 - CV/YC Component Transcoder FC-19 - RGB Decoder FC-4044 - Multistandard Decoder FC-4041C - Genlock Component Encoder FC-4208 - Balanced Audio Transcoder

1.1 A Word on Format Interfaces

There are several video signal formats: Composite, Y/C, YUV (Y, R-Y, B-Y), RGB (S) analog and digital. Component analog video formats (YUV and RGB) are unmodulated signals, w here the signal level represents the signal intensity, (e.g., 1 Volt of “Y” signal represents a maximum white level). Converting from YUV to RGB and vice versa does not involve modulation, and needs mainly an accurate matrix system. Composite video and Y/C (Super Video) contains chrominance (color) information, which is a modulated signal using the color subcarrier (3.58MHz in NTSC, 4.43MHz in PAL) as the carrier signal. Converting between Composite video and Y/C (and vice versa) involves adding or separating the color information from the luminance information. To convert from Composite and Y/C to Component video, a color encoder or color decoder is needed, with very c omplicated circuitr y. The color encoder receives the component signal, and must create a chrominance signal by extracting the blue and red information from the component video signal and by modulating this information using the color subcarrier signal. The color decoder performs the opposite: it removes the color subcarrier and extracts the color difference signals to create the video “components”. The following format interfaces are described in this manual:

Video Decoders



or Y/C signal to RGBS and/or Y, R- Y, B-Y.

Video Encoders



and/or Y, R-Y, and B- Y signal s to composite video and Y/C .

Video Transcoders



as converting from RGBS to Y, R-Y, and B-Y in both directions in the same machine, going from composite to Y/C, bi-directionally or performing color decoding and encoding in the same machine at the same time.

Audio T ranscod ers



level audio t o balanced high-level a udio, bi -direc tional ly.

- used to decode (convert) a composite video signal to Y/C and to decode a composite

- use d to cre ate a chromi nance s ignal from video c ompon ents, e.g., to conv ert RG BS

- are bi-directional converters operating simultaneously in different directions, suc h

- used in audio and video pr oduction studios for converting f rom unbalanced low-

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1.2 Factors Affecting Quality of Results

There are many factors affecting the quality of result s when signals are transmitted from a source to an acceptor as descr ibed in Table 1:

Table 1: Factors Af fecti n g Quality of Results

FACTOR

EFFECT

Connection cables

Sockets and connectors of the sources and acceptors

Amplifying circuitry

Distance between sources and accep tors

Interference from neighboring electrical appliances

Low quality cables ar e susceptible to interference; they degrade signal quality due to poor matching and cause elevated noise levels. They should therefore be of the best quality.

So often ignored, they should be of highest quality, since "Zero Ohm" connection resistance is the objective. Sockets and connectors also must match the required impedance (75ohm in video). Cheap, low quality connectors tend to rust, thus causing breaks in the signal path

Must have quality performance when the desired end result is high linearity, low distortion and low noise operation

Plays a major role in the final result. For long distances between sources and acceptors, special measures should be taken in order to avoid cable losses. These include using higher quality cables or adding line amplifiers.

These can have an adverse effect on signal quality. Balanced audio lines are less prone to interference, but unbalanced audio should be instal led far from any mains power cables, electric motors, transmitter s, etc. even when the cables are shielded

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on a 4P connector,

Video on a 4P connector,

Video on a 4P c onnector,

Video on a 4P connector,

3dB (Y/C to CV),

2 SPECIFICATIONS

FC-10 FC-10D FC-19 FC-4041C

Configuration Transcoder Comb Filter/Transcoder RGB Decoder Encoder Inputs 1 Composite Video,

Outputs 1 s-

Controls

Video Bandwidth

Nonlinearity < 3% Less than 0.5dB Residual SC. -38dB -34dB

DC Clamp 0 VDC Black L evel. Differential Gain Differential Phase K-Factor <0.05% (Y/C to CV). <0.1% (Y/C to CV), <0.5%

Luma S/N Ratio RGB Balance Error Dimensions (W, D, H) Weight 0.6kg. (1.3lbs.) App rox. 0.64 kg. (1.4 lbs.) Approx. 2.5kg (5.5 lbs.) Approx. 2.6kg. (5.8lbs.) Approx. Power Source 12VDC, 110mA 12VDC, 200mA

1Vpp/75 ohm on a BNC, 1 s-Video Y: 1Vpp/75ohm, C: 0.3Vpp/75ohm.

Y: 1Vpp/75ohm, C: 0.3Vpp/75ohm. 1 Composite Video, 1Vpp/75 ohm on a BNC.

Two electronic touch

10MHz -1dB 100 MHz -

0.36% 0.7% (Y/C to CV, NTSC). 0.24%

0.3Deg. 0.15Deg. (Y/C to CV,

79dB >72dB in both directions,

Less than 0.5dB

16.5 x 12 x 4.5 (cm)

6.5" x 4.7" x 1.8"

1 Composite Video, 1Vpp/75 ohm on a BNC, 1 sY: 1Vpp/75ohm, C: 0.3Vpp/75ohm. 1 sY: 1Vpp/75ohm, C: 0.3Vpp/75ohm. 1 Composite Video, 1Vpp/75 ohm on a BNC.

switches to select PAL or NTSC operation.

>5.8 MHz (CV to Y/C, PAL)

NTSC).

(CV to Y/C, NTSC).

(PAL).

16.5 x 12 x 4.5 (cm)

6.5" x 4.7" x 1.8

1 Composite Video, 1Vpp/75 ohm on a BNC, 1 sY: 1Vpp/75ohm, C: 0.3Vpp/75ohm. RED, GREEN, BLUE, SYNC, 0.7Vpp/75 ohms, on BNCs, RGB (Analo g), HS, VS TTL level on HD15 connector

Rear input selector sw itch between Composite Video and s-Video Luma: 10MHz -3dB Exceeding 12MHz (Y)

0.26Deg.

64dB

48 x 17.8 x 1U (cm) 19" x 7" x 1U.

230 VA C, 50/60 Hz, (115VAC, U.S.A.) 12VA

R (or R-Y), G (or Y), B (or B-Y) – 0.7Vpp/75 ohm, Sync looping –

0.3Vpp/75ohm on BNCs

1 Composite Video, 1Vpp/75 ohm on a BNC, 1 s-Vid eo on a 4P connecto r, Y: 1Vpp/75ohm, C: 0.3Vpp/75ohm. Sync/Sync on Green, input selector - R GBS or Y, R-Y, B-Y.

48 x 17.8 x 1U (cm) 19" x 7" x 1U

230 VAC, 50/60 Hz, (115VAC, U.S.A.) 6 VA.

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Y), 1V, 0.7V, 0.7 Vpp

/50kohm on female XLRs

0.7Vpp /75ohm, BNCs

SPECIFICATIONS (Continued)

FC-4042 FC-4043 FC-4044 FC-4208

Configuration Transcoder Transcoder Decoder Audio Transcoder Inputs 1 component (Y, R-Y,

Outputs 1 RGB 0.7Vpp / 75ohm,

Diff. Gain 0.21% Diff. Phase 0.19Deg. K-Factor 0.4% 1.2 % Non Lin e a r ity Less than 0.2% Less than 0.2% DC Clamp Error Residual SC Composite to Y=30 mV, Y/C

Y S/N Ratio Better than 71dB Audio Bandwidth Audio THD NA NA NA Less than 0.02% Audio S/N Ratio Dimensions (W, D, H) Weight 2.6k g. (5.8lbs.) Approx. 2.6kg. (5.8lbs.) Approx. 2.6kg. (5.8lbs.) App rox. 2.4kg. (5.3lbs.) Approx. Power Source 230VAC, 50/60Hz

B/75ohm, 1 RGBS 0.7Vpp / 75ohm, for 100% saturation on BNCs

Sync 2Vpp/75 ohms, TTL level unloaded, for 100% saturation on BNCs, 1 component (Y, R-Y, B-Y), 1V, 0.7V,

0.7 Vp p /75ohm , BNCs

±20 mV ±20 mV

NA NA NA 20-30000Hz

NA NA NA Better than 89dB

48 x 17.8 x 1U (cm) 19" x 7" x 1U

(115VAC, U.S.A.)

7.6VA

Decoder: 1 Composite video, 1Vpp/75 ohms on a BNC, 1 s-Video: 1Vpp/75ohm (Y),

0.3Vpp/75ohm (C) on a 4P connector Encoder: 1 (Y, R-Y, B-Y) 1V,

0.7V, 0.7 Vpp /75ohm on BNCs Decoder: 1V, 0.7V, 0.7 Vpp /75ohm (Y, R-Y, B-Y), BNCs Encoder: 1Vpp/75ohm (Composite, BNC) Y/C: 1Vpp/75ohm (Y),

0.3Vpp/75ohm (C), 4P connector

to Y = 15 mV

48 x 17.8 x 1U (cm) 19" x 7" x 1U

230VA C, 50/ 60Hz, (115VAC, U.S.A.) 19.5VA

1 Composite video, 1Vpp/75 ohms on a BNC, 1 s-Video: 1Vpp/75ohm (Y),

0.3Vpp/75ohm (C) on a 4P connector

Component: 1V, 0.7V,

RGB: 0.7Vpp/75ohm, for 100% saturation, C omposite sync: 2Vpp/75ohm, BNCs

Composite to Y=30mV Y/C to Y = 15mV

48 x 17.8 x 1U (cm) 19" x 7" x 1U

230VAC, 50/60Hz, (115VAC, U.S.A.) 6.9VA

4 balanced, +4dBm

4 unbalanced, 1Vpp / 50kohm on RCAs.

4 unbalanced, 1Vpp/50 ohms, RCAs 4 balanced, +4dBm/50 ohms, 18Vpp max., male XLRs

48 x 17.8 x 1U (cm) 19" x 7" x 1U

230VAC, 50/60Hz (115VAC, U.S.A.) 3.7VA

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3 HOW DO I GET STARTED?

The fastest way to get started is to take your time and do everything right the first time. Taking 15 minutes to read the manual ma y save you a f ew hours la ter. You d on’t even have to read the whole manual. If a section doesn’ t apply to you, you don’ t have to spend your time reading it.

4 UNPACKING AND CONTENTS

The items contained in your Kramer For mat interface package are listed below. Please save the original box and packaging materials for possible future transportation and shipment.

Format Interface

AC Power Cable (where applicable) Kramer Concise Product Catalog DC Power Supply (where applicable) 4 Rubber Feet

User Manual

4.1 Optional Accessories

The following accessories, which are available from Kramer, can enhance implemen tation of your machine. For information regarding cables and additional accessories, contact your Kramer dealer.

Rack Mechanical Adapter -



machines may be installed on each adapter.

103AV -



and the acceptor for video distribution. The 103AV splits a single video and audio-stereo input source into three identical outputs. The 103AV uses an external 12VDC power source, and therefore is suitable for field work as well. The 103AV uses state of the art technology and microchip design, boasting a signal bandwidth of over 320MHz, thus making it suitable for the most demanding applications.

SP-11



interface for video and audio control/correction. The machine provides camera control and luminance/white balance correction. It is also capable of performing composite to Y/C conversion and bidirectional transcoding. The machine allows full control over the video signal: video gain down to full fade, log or linear definition control, log or linear contrast control, color saturation c ontrol, black level control, red, green and blue controls and a screen splitter control for “before-after” comparison. The Input switch control is "audio-follow-video".

VS-2042 -



interface for component video switching. The VS-2042 switches during the vertical interval for live studio operation. The VS-2042 has a built-in RS-232 interface for computer controlled operation, (software included) and several machines may be operated simultaneously via PC control. Its signal bandwidth exceeds 75MHz and it has DC coupled inputs and outputs for highest signal quality. Y, R-Y, B-Y or R, Gs, B signals are seamlessly routed.

(Video Audio Distribution Amplifier) ca n be serially connected between the Format interface

- (Video/Audio Processor) can be serially connected between the video/audio source and the format

(4x2 Video Component Matrix) can be serially connected between the sources and the format

Used to adapt smaller machines to a standard 1U rack. One or more

VIDEO TESTER



Tester is used to test a vide o path leading to/from an amplifier. By pressing only one touch switch it can trace missing signals, distinguish between good and jittery (VCR sourced) signals, and identify the presen c e of go od s i gn a ls . Wh e ne ve r a vi deo signa l i s missing, b ec a us e of bad con nec tions, ca b le br e a ks or faulty sources, the Video Tester is all you need.

- A new, unique, patented, indispensable tool for the video professional, the Video

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5 FORMAT INTERF ACES

This section describes all the controls and connections of your machine. Understanding the controls and connections helps you realize the full power of your machine.

Getting to Know Your FC-10

5.1

The KRAMER formats: Composite Video and YC (S uper-Video). Hardly an y VCR or camcorder transcodes from Composite Video t o Super-Vide o, although it is necessar y when material shot in Composite is to be edited into a Y/C production. The Kramer fieldwork. Front/Rear panel features of the

FC-10

Composite-YC Transcoder is designed to interface between the two popular video

FC-10

is very small, and is fed from an external 12V DC supply, excellent for

FC-10

are described in Figure 1 and Table 2.

NOTE

For operation instructions refer to section 9.

No.

Feature Function

1. Power Switch Illuminated switch supplies power to the unit.

2. CV IN

3. YC OUT

4. YC IN

5. CV OUT

6. 12VDC

BNC connector Composit e video input.

4P connector

BNC connector Composite video output.

feed connector A DC connector that allows power to be supplied to the unit.

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Figure 1: FC-10 Front/Rear Panel Features

Table 2: FC-10 Front/Rear P anel Featu res

s-Video output. s-Video input.

5.2 Getting to Know Your FC-10D

The KRAMER popular video formats: Composite Video and YC (Super-Video). The decoding from composite to Y/C is done digitally using an adaptive comb filter and DSP techniques to minimize dot-crawl and cross-color. A built-in vertical enhancer circuit reduces noise and dot-crawl on the Y signal. In addition, the independent Y/C to Composite route, for simultaneous bi-directional operation. The Kramer small in size, and is fed from an external 1 2VDC supply, ideal for fieldwork. Front/Rear panel features of the

FC-10D

are described in Figure 2 and Table 3.

FC-10D

Composite-YC Comb Filter/Transcoder was designed to interface between the two

FC-10D

NOTE

For operation instructions refer to section 9.

provides an

is very

Figure 2: FC-10D Fron t/Rear Pa nel Feature s

Table 3: FC-10D Front/Rear Panel Fe at ur es

No.

1. Power

Switch Illuminated switch supplies power to the unit.

Feature Function

2. Internal trimmers (bottom accessible) Not used.

WARNING!

Adjustments or attempted adjust ments of the trimmers are not allowed. Failure to comply with this warni ng may damage the ma ch ine .

PAL pushbutton Illuminated pushbutton: selects PAL system when pressed.

NTSC pushbutton Illuminated pushbutton: selects NTSC system when pressed.

5. CV IN

6. YC OUT

7. YC IN 4P

8. CV OUT

BNC connector Composite video input.

4P connector

connector

BNC connector

s-Video output. s-Video input. Composite video output.

9. 12VDC feed connector A DC connector that allows power to be supplied to the unit.

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5.3 Getting to Know Your FC-19

The KRAMER Video to their RGB components. Front/Rear panel features of the

FC-19

is an industrial level RGB Decoder, which converts both Composite Video and Super-

NOTE

For operation instructions refer to section 9.

Figure 3: FC-19 Front/Rear Panel Features

FC-19

are described in Figur e 3 and Table 4.

Table 4: FC-19 Front/Rear P anel Featu res

No.

Power

Internal trimmer (bottom accessible)

Feature Function

Switch Illuminated switch supplies power to the unit.

Not used.

WARNING

Adjustments or att empted adjustments of the trimmer are not allowed. Failure to comply with this warni n g may damage the ma ch i ne.

Composite

3. YC 4P

4. Select CV/YC switch Selects either Composite or s-Video to be converted.

5. SYNC

6. RED

7. GREEN

8. BLUE

9. VGA/Multi

10.

BNC connector C omposite video input.

connector

s-Video input.

BNC connector Sync signal output.

BNC connector

BNC conne ctor

BNC connector

RED

signal output.

GREEN BLUE

signal output.

HD15 connector V GA type signal output (horizontal sync frequency = 15kHz, no scan

conversion.)

Power Connector

11.

A 3-prong AC connector allows power to be supplied to the unit. Directly underneath this connector, a fuse holder houses the appropriate fuse.

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5.4 Getting to Know Your FC-4041C

The KRAMER Video/YC Encoder designed for studio and other demanding applications. The Component Y, R-Y and B-Y signals to Composite Video and Super-Video signals. All inputs are looped through with termination switches, allowing for parallel connection to other RGBS/Component acceptors. From front pa nel sw itc hes, t he user can also select whether to convert RGBS or Component signals to Composite and Y/C. The outputs are DC coupled and Black-Level clamped. Front/Rear panel features of the Table 5.

FC-4041C

is a full broadcast, state-of-the-art Genlock RGB/Component to Composite

FC-4041C

encod es RGBS or

allows the user to select whether Sync is separate or riding on Green. The

FC-4041C

NOTE

are des cribed in Figu re 4 and

For operation instructions refer to section 9.

Figure 4: FC-4041C Front/Rear Panel Features

Table 5: FC-4041C Front/Rear Panel Features

No.

Power Switch Illuminated switch supplies power to the unit.

Trimmers

Feature Function

Not used.

WARNING!

Adjustments or attempted adjustments of the trimmers are not allowed. Failure to comply with this warning may damage the ma chine.

INPUT RGB/Comp

3. SYNC Black/G+S

pushbutton Illuminated pushbutton: selecting RGB or Component input

pushbutton Illuminated pushbutton: selecting sync source – separate or riding on

Green.

Red/R-Y IN

5. Red/Green/Blue 75 ohm/Hi-Z

BNC connector

selectors

Red/Green/Blue LOOP

BNC

Red/R-Y

Selects

Input

“75ohm“

direction (for looping select Provides

Red/R-Y

“HI-z”

impedance when pushed in the s elected

"Hi-z"

looping capability to increase number of outputs.

connector

Green/Y IN

8. Blue/B-Y IN

9. Sync IN

10. Y/C

11.

12.

13.

4P connector s-Video output.

COMPOSITE

Power Connector

BNC connector

Green/Y Blue/B-Y

BNC con nector Sync signal in put.

BNC connector

Composite

A 3-prong AC connector allows power to be supplied to the unit. Directly underneath this connector, a fuse holder houses the appropriate

Input Input

video output.

fuse.

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5.5 Getting to Know Your FC-4042

The KRAMER professional video formats: Component Video (Y, R-Y, B-Y) and RGBS. In many video studios a nd production centers there is a need to convert from one format to the other, and the Kramer it operates simultaneously in b oth directions. Front/Rear panel features of the

FC-4042

RGB-Component Transcoder interfaces between the two most widely used

FC-4042

are described in Figure 5 and Table 6.

NOTE

is the perfect choice as

For operation instructions refer to section 9.

Figure 5: FC-4042 Front/Rear Panel Fea tures

Table 6: FC-4042 - Front/Rear Panel Features

No.

Power Switch Illuminated switch supplies power to the unit.

2. G+S/G IN

3. G/G+S OUT

Feature Function

pushbutton

Selects sync or sync on green on the RGB signals for the "IN " channel. Selects sync or sync on gr een on th e RGB signals f or the "

channel.

4. IN Y, R-Y, B-Y

OUT RED, GREEN, BLUE

BNC connectors

Component video inputs. RGB outputs.

BNC connectors

6. OUT SYNC

7. IN RED, GREEN, BLUE

BNC connector Sync signal output.

BNC

RGB inputs.

connectors

8. IN SYNC

9. OUT Y, R-Y, B-Y

BNC connector Sync signal input.

BNC

Component video outputs.

connectors

10.

Power Connector

A 3-prong AC connector allows power to be supplied to the unit. Directly underneath this connector, a fuse holder houses the appropriate fuse.

OUT

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5.6 Getting to Know Your FC-4043

The KRAMER most widely used professional video format - Component Video (Y, R-Y, B-Y) bi-directionally. In many video studios and production centers there is a need to convert from one format to the other, and the Kramer is the perfect choice as it operates in the most common standards - PAL, SECAM and NTSC (both) – and bi-

direct ional ly. Dec oding op erati on is micr oproc essor contr olled via the inte rnal I standards c onversion between PAL and SECAM. Front/Rear panel features of the Figure 6 and Table 7.

FC-4043

CV/YC - Component Transcoder interfaces between Composite video and Y/C to the

C bus and the machine allows

FC-4042

NOTE

are des cribed in

For operation instructions refer to section 9.

Figure 6: FC-4043 Front/Rear Panel Fea tures

FC-4043

Table 7: FC-4043 - Front/Rear Panel Features

No.

Power Switch Illuminated switch supplies power to the unit.

ENC/TRANS pushbutton Encoder or Transcoder function selector. When Transcoder is sel ected (switc h

PAL, SECAM, 3.58, 4.43 encoder

pushbuttons

Internal trimmers

CV/YC pushbutton Illumina ted pushbutton. Selects either composite v ideo or Y/C sign al at the

HUE (+/-) pushbuttons Only active when NTSC is used, for changing output pi cture hue.

PAL, SECAM, 3.58, 4.43 LEDS Illuminates the appropriate LED when one of the corresponding standards

INPUTS CV BNC con n ector Composite video inp u t to the De cod er.

INPUTS Y/C 4P connector Y/C input to the Decoder.

OUT P U T S Y, R-Y, B-Y BNC

10.

connectors INPUTS Y, R-Y, B-Y BNC

11.

connectors OUTPUTS YC 4P connector YC output from the Encoder.

12.

OUTPUTS CV BNC connector Composite video output from the Encoder.

13.

Power Connector

14.

Feature Function

is not illuminated), an internal link is formed between the components outputs of the Decoder section and the component inputs of the Encoder section – allowing for example - Composite SECAM to PAL conversion (or vice versa) Illuminated pushbuttons: selecting the outpu t encoding standard desired . Note that the machine does not scan convert between PAL and NTSC but can allow for NTSC 4.43 output from an NTSC 3.58 input for example.

Not used. WARNING!

Adjustments or attempted adjustments of the trimmers are not allowed. Failure to comply with this warning may damage the machine.

decoder input when pressed.

input signal is auto detected (blinks when there is no input.)

Component video outputs from the Decoder.

Component video inputs to the Encoder.

A 3-prong AC connector allows power to be supplied to the unit. Directly underneath this connector, a fuse holder h ouses the appropriate fuse.

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5.7 Getting to Know Your FC-4044

The KRAMER used professional video formats - Component Video (Y, R-Y, B-Y) and RGBS. In many video studios and production centers there is a need to convert from one format to the other and the KRAMER perfect choice as it operates in the most common standards - PAL, SECAM and NTSC (both). Decoding is

microprocessor controlled via the internal I Front/Rear panel features of the

FC-4044

Multistandard Decoder interfaces from Composite video and Y/C to the most widely

FC-4044

C bus.

FC-4044

are described in Figure 7 and Table 8.

NOTE

For operation instructions refer to section 9.

is the

No.

1. Power

2. G/G+S

3. CV/YC

PAL, SECAM, 3.58, 4.43

pushbuttons

5. HUE (+/-)

6. INPUTS CV

7. INPUTS YC 4P

Feature Function

Switch Illuminated switch supplies power to the unit.

pushbutton pushbutton Selects either composite video or YC input signal for conversion.

pushbuttons

BNC connector

connector

8. OUTPUTS Y, R-Y, B-Y

connector

OUTPUTS RED, G/G+S, BLUE

connectors

10. OUTPUTS SYNC

11.

Power Connector

BNC

connector

Figure 7: FC-4044 Front/Rear Panel Fea tures

Table 8: FC-4044- Front/Rear Panel Featur es

Select s sync or sync on green on t he

Illuminated pushbuttons detect th e existence of the following standards -

PAL, SECAM, NTSC 3.58 or 4.43. Pressing the buttons can for ce the decoder to accept the wrong standard and is therefore not recommended.

Active when NTSC is used.

Composite video input.

input.

G/G+S

Compo nent vide o outputs.

RGB outputs (G or

Composite sync output.

G+S

are selected via the

A 3-prong AC connector allows power to be supplied to the unit. Directly underneath this connector, a fuse holder houses the appropriate fuse.

BNC connector.

G/G+S

pushbutton).

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5.8 Getting to Know Your FC-4208

The KRAMER between the two most commonly used audio standards. The machine allows gain or attenuation while transcoding, to compensate for the 14dB change between IHF audio levels and the newly adopted, balanced DAT input levels. Very low noise and distortion components are used throughout the machine. The has 4 balanced audio inputs on XLRs and 4 unbalanced audio outputs on the balanced to unbalanced channels, and 4 unbalanced inputs and 4 balanced audio out puts on XLRs on the unbalanced to balanced channels. Each set (8 all together) has an individual level control for perfect matching. Front/Rear panel features of the

FC-4208

Balanced/Unbalanced Audio Transcoder is a bi-directional, versatile tool, c onverting

FC-4208

are described in Figure 8 and Table 9.

NOTE

For operation instructions refer to section 9.

FC-4208

Figure 8: FC-4208 Front/Rear Panel Fea tures

Table 9: FC-4208 - Front/Rear Panel Features

No.

1. Power

Unbalanced to Balanced Level

Controls

Balanced to Unbalanced Level

Feature Function

switch Illuminated switch supplies power to the unit.

Control the balanced audio level outputs.

Control the unbalanced audio level outputs.

Controls

4. IN Channel 1-4

XLR female

Balanced audio inputs.

connectors

5. OUT Ch RCA connectors Unbalanced audio out puts.

6. IN Ch

RCA connectors

7. OUT Channel 5-8

connectors

Power Connector

XLR female

Unbalanced audio inputs. Balanced audio outputs.

A 3-prong AC connector allows power to be supplied to the unit. Directly underneath this connector, a fuse holder houses the appropriate fuse.

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6 INSTALLATION

6.1 Rack Mounting

The FC-19, FC-4041C, FC-4042, FC-4043, FC-4044 and FC-4208 may be rackmounted in a standard 19” (1U) EIA rack, and include rack “ears” at the ends of the front panel. To mount them, simply place the unit's ears against the rack rails of your rack, and insert standard screws through each of the four corner holes. The FC-10 and the FC-10D can be rack mounted using a special adapter (see section 4.1). These devices do not require any specific spacing for ventilatio n above or below the unit.

7 CONNECTING TO VIDEO DEVICES

Video sources and output devices (such as monitors, projector s or recorders) may be connected to the machines through the BNC and/or 4P type connectors located on the back of the units. Unused inputs are terminated to 75ohm, and active inputs should be terminate d by the connecting source. All signal connections that use more than on e cable int erconnect ing betw een device s should be of equal length. ( Example: RGB cables between a camera and the machine should be equal in le ngth.) The signals supported by the vari ous models are: Composite Video, s-Video (Y/C), Component Video and Analog Red, Green, Blue and Sync signals (RGBS).

CONNECTING TO AUDIO DEVICES (FC-420 8 only)

Audio sources and output devices (such as amplifiers or recorders) may be connected to the machine through the RCA or/and XLR type connectors located on the back of the machine.

9 USING THE MACHINES

9.1 Powering on the Machine

NOTES

The machine should only be powered on after all connections are completed and all source devices have been powered on. Do not attempt to connect or disconnect any video, audio or control signals to the machine while it is powered on!

The socket-outlet should be near the equipment and should be easily accessible. To fully disconnect equipment, remove power cord from socket.

Toggle the switch on the far-left front panel to the up position. The switch will glow.

Operate sources and the acceptors.

Composite/YC Video Selection (FC-19, FC-4043, FC- 4044 only)

9.2

Selecting either Composite or Super video to be converted is simply done by using the (FC-19) or the

Adjusting the HUE (FC-4043, FC-4044 only)

9.3

The term "HUE" is often used synonymously with the term "tint". It is the dominant wavelength, which distin guis hes a col or or tint as red or yel low , etc . Vi deo hue i s inf luen ce d by se ver al fa cto rs: Adj ust ment of the white balance of the camera, quality of the electronic e quipment which is being used, and lightin g of the scene. In the American NTSC standard, hue errors are more common than in the European PAL standard due to a different color encoding system. The PAL system compensates for color problems and corrects wr ong hues during operation. Video color processors are needed to ad just and corr ect hue proble ms. To adjust the HUE,

simply press the

CV/YC

pushbutton (FC-4043, FC-4044).

HUE

+" or "-" pushbuttons, until a satisfactory picture color is achieved.

Select CV/YC

9.4 Looping (FC-4041C only)

The looping function enables the operator to connect several machines to the format interface. The operator must always switch the termination switch of the termination switch should always be at " the first to the last machine. Note that if the looping function is not used, the termination switch should be set to

75 ohm

75ohm

first

" to maintain well-matched lines (of 75ohm impedance) from

and

middle

machines to "

Hi-z

". The

last

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switch

machine’s

9.5 Audio Level Control (FC-4208 only)

A balanced audio signal is made of two antiphase signals, traveling on two wires (sometimes with a third - a ground r ef ere nce / sh ield wir e) . A b ala nce d si gnal ach ieves be tte r si gnal -t o-no ise rati o, an d i s m ore i mmu ne t o noise and interference. On the receiving e nd there is a differential amplifier, which amplifies only the difference between the antiphase signals, thus canceling noise which is picked up along the way and which is common mode. The balanced system is usually used either when very low signals are to be transmitted over long distanc es (such as t hose generat ed from high q uality microphones) or at broadcast audio studios, for highest quality signal recreation. To control the balanced/unbalanced signal, gently adjust the

Level

control knobs until

a satisfactor y au dio leve l is achieved.

10 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Interfacing Between Two Video Formats

10.1

The FC-10D can be used for simultaneous bi -dir ecti ona l con ver sio n fro m com pos ite vide o to Y C a nd fr om YC to composite for studio applications as shown in Figure 9. In such a setup, YC signals can be monitored on a composite video moni tor! Perform the following steps (as necessary):

Connect a composite video source to the

Connect an YC acceptor to the

Connect an YC video source to the

Connect a composite video acceptor to the

Connect the FC-10D to an appropriate 12VDC power supply, with proper polarity.

Operate sources, acceptors and the FC-10D. Press one of the control switches to select PAL or NTSC

YC OUT

mode of op er a t i o n.

The machine cannot convert composite PAL to Y/C in NTSC. Encoding and decoding is performed only within the same standard.

CV IN

connector of the FC-10D.

YC IN

connector of the FC-10D.

YC OUT

connector of the FC-10D.

NOTE

Figure 9: Interfacing Between Two Video For mats

10.2 Using PC Graphics in YC Production

Some scan converters, which convert VGA/XGA graphics to video, generate only a composite video signal. The FC-10 c on ver ts co mpo s ite vi de o si gna l t o s- Vi de o (Y C) , t hus ena bl in g us ag e of c omp ute r gene r ate d gra phi c s in profes sional YC productions, as shown i n Figure 10. Perform the following steps (as necessary):

Connect a composite video source to the

Connect an YC acceptor to the

Operate source, acceptor and the FC-10.

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YC OUT

CV IN

BNC connector of the FC-10

4P connector of the FC-10.

Figure 10: Using PC Graphics in YC Production

10.3 Typical Composite/YC to Component/RGB Conversion

Figure 11 illustrates a typical set up of the Kramer format converters described i n this manual: incoming input signals from composite and YC (s-Video) sources are converted by a Multistandard Decoder (FC-4044, in this case) to component and RGB output signals, that are then sent to two different acceptors. A Chroma Keyer/Mixer may be connected in parallel to the RGB outputs in order to c ontr ol the RGB display. A mixer is a device used to combine video signals from two or more sources. Synchronized inputs are mixed with each other and various special effects patterns and shapes are added in accordance with the proficiency of the video mixer being used.

Perform the following steps (as necessary):

Connect CV/YC sources to the inp uts (FC-4044 in this case).

Connect the outputs to two different RGB/component acceptors.

Operate sources, acceptors and your machine.

Use the front panel control functions if necessary (see section 9 for more details).

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Figure 11: Typical PC/Presentation Product Connections

10.4 Integrating a Composite/RGB source Into a Composite/YC Switcher

It is sometimes necessary for pre-edit purposes, to switch a component video source alongside composite or Y/C sources. Some but not all of the component video sources include a composite or a Y/C output. In order to perform the above-mentioned task, a video encoder is needed in order to convert either YUV or RGB signals to composite and Y /C signals, as s hown in Figure 12.

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Figure 12: Integrating a Component/RGB Source Into a Composite/YC Switcher

10.5 Audio Format Conversion

Professional audio usually requires balanced audio signals that are less prone to interference due to the differential signal setup. When using unbalanced and balanced signals at the same setup, amplification or attenuation is needed to match the levels. An Audio Transcoder (FC-4208 in this case) can be used for this purpose and for signal conversion as well, as shown in Figure 13.

Perform the following steps (as necessary):

Connect one or more balanced audio sources to

Connect one or more unbalanced audio sources to

For unbalanced audio distribution, connect the outputs of the machine to a n audio distributor (Kramer

VM-50A for example.)

For balanced audio distribution, connect the outputs of the machine to a balanced audio distributor

(Kramer VM-1110 for example.)

Operate sources, acceptors and your machine.

Use the front panel control functions if necessary (see section 9 for more details).

Channel 1

and

Channel 2

XLR inputs of the FC -4208.

RCA inputs of the FC-4208.

Kramer Electronics Ltd.

Figure 13: Audio Format Conversion

11 TAKING CARE OF YOUR MACHINE

Do not locate your machine in an envir onment where it is susceptible to dust or moisture. Both of these may damage the electronics, and cause erratic operati on or failure. Do not locate your machine where temperature and humidity may be excessive. Doing so may also damage the electronics, and cause erratic operation or failure of your mac hi ne. D o n ot cle an you r ma c hi ne wi th ab ra sive s or s tr ong c le ane rs . D oi ng s o may remo ve or damage t he f in is h, or ma y all ow m oist ure to buil d up. Ta ke ca re not t o al l ow dus t or pa rti c les t o b uil d up in side unused or open connec tors.

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12 TROUBLESHOOTING

Please note that if the output signal is disturbed or interrupted by very strong external electromagnetic interference, it should return and stabilize when such interference ends. If not, turn the power switch off and on again to reset the machine.

If the following recommended actions do not result in satisfactory operation, please consult your KRA MER Dealer.

12.1 Power and Indicators

Problem Remedy

No Power

NOTES

Confirm that the rocker switch is in the “ON” position, and that the lamp is illuminated.

Confirm that power connections are secured at the machine and at the receptacle. Make sure the mains receptacle is active (FC-19, FC4041C, FC-4042, FC-4043, FC-4044, FC-4208) or that the DC power supply is operational (FC-10, F C-10D) .

For the Ma ins operated mo dels perform the following:



If there is no power, remove power cord from AC outlet and then using a flat head screwdriver, remove the fuse h older located directly below the power connector on your machine.

Confir m that the fuse is good by looking for the wire connected between the ends of the fuse. If t he wire is broken, replace the fuse with another, with the same rating.

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 For the DC operated models perform the following:

Using a Philips screwdriver, remove the 4 side sc re ws att a c hi ng th e machine's cover (see below).

2. Locate the fuse holder inside your machine (see Figure 14). Confirm that

the fuse is good by looking for the wire connected between the ends of the fuse. If this wire is broken, replace the fuse with another, with the same rating.

3. Install cover by replacing the Philips screws.

12.2 Video Signal

Problem Remedy

No video at the output device

Video level is too high or too dim.

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Figure 14: FC-10 and FC-10D Fuse Location

Confirm that your source and output devices are powered on and connected properly. The input of your machine should be of an identical signal format at the output of your source. Signals at t he output of your machine should be of an identical signal format as at the input of your display.

Confirm that any other device in the signal path has the proper input and/or output s elected.

Use a Video Tester to help trace faulty cables and equipment (see section 4.1 "Optional Accessories")

Verify that the lines are well matched through 75ohm impedances; otherwise it results in a video level that is too hi gh or too d im.

Confirm that the connecting cables are of high quality and properly inserted.

Check level controls located on your source input device or output display.

Video Signal (continued)

Problem Remedy

Noise bars are "rolling" up or down in the output image

or:

Hum bars (ground loop) are caused by a difference in the ground potential of any two or more devices connected to your signal path. This difference is compensated by passing that voltage difference through any available interconnection, including your video cables.

Low Frequency Hum in the out p u t sign al

Check the following to remove hum bars:

12.3 Audio Signal (FC-4208 only)

WARNING

Do not disconnect the ground from any piece of video equipment in your signal path!

Confirm that all interconnected equipment is connected to the same phase of power, if possible.

Remove equipment connected to that phase that may introduce noise, such as motors, generators, etc.

Disconnect all interconnect cables and rec onnect them one at a time until ground loop reappears. Disconnect the affected cable and replace, or insert an isolation transformer in the signal path.

Problem Remedy

No audio at the output device, regardless of input selected

Audio level is too low

Confirm that your source and output devices are powered and properly connected. Audio signals connected to the output of your machine should be proper ly wired to the in put of your machine or recor der.

Confirm that any other devices in the signal path has the proper input and/or output s elected.

Confirm that the connecting cables are of high quality and properly built. Take special care in noting the wiring configuration of bala nced to unbalanced cables.

Check level controls located on your source input device or output display or recorder.

Kramer Electronics Ltd.

LIMITED WARRANTY

Kramer Electronics (hereafter Kramer) warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship under the following terms.

HOW LONG IS THE WARRANTY

Labor and parts are warranted for three years from the date of the first customer purchase.

WHO IS PROTECTED

Only the first purchase customer may enforce this warranty.

WHAT IS COVERED AND WH AT IS NOT COVERED

Except as below, this warranty c overs all defects in material or workmanship in this product. The following are not covered by the warranty:

1) Any pr oduct w hich is not dist ribute d by Kra mer, or which is not p urchase d from a n author ized Kr amer

dealer. If you are uncertain as to whether a dealer is authorized, please contact Kramer at one of the agents listed in the web site

Any product, on which the serial number has been defaced, modifie d or removed.

3) Damage, deterioration or malfunction resulting from:

a) Accident, misuse, abus e, neglect, f ire, water, lightning or other a cts of nature. b) Product modification, or failure to follow instructions supplied with the product.

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c) Repair or attempted repair by anyone not authorized by Kramer. d) Any shipment of the product (claims must be presented to the carrier). e) Removal or installation of the product. f) Any other ca use, whi ch does not relate to a produc t defec t. g) Cartons, equipment enclosures, cables or accessories used in conjunction with the pr oduct.

WHAT WE WILL PAY FOR AND WHAT WE WILL NOT PA Y FO R

We will pay labor and material expenses for covered items. We will not pay for the following:

Removal or installations charges.

Costs of initial technical adjustments (set-up), including adjustment of user controls or programming. These costs are the responsibility of the Kramer dealer from whom the product was purchased.

Shipping charges.

HOW YOU CAN GET WARRANTY SERVICE

To obtain service on you product, you must take or ship it prepaid to an y authorized Kramer service center.

Whenever warranty service is required, the original dated invoice (or a copy) must be presented as proof of warranty coverage, and should be included in any shipment of the product. Please also include in any mailin g a contact name, company, addres s , and a de s cription of the problem(s).

For the name of the nearest Kramer authorized service center, consult your authorized dealer.

Kramer Electronics Ltd.

LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRA NTIES

All implied warranties, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are limited in duration to the length of this warranty.

EXCLUSION OF DA M AGES

Kramer’s liability for any defective products is limited to t he repair or replacement of the product at our option. Kramer shall not be liable for:

1) Damage to other property caused by defects in this product, damages based upon inconvenience, loss of

use of the product, loss of time, commercial loss; or:

Any other damages, whether incidental, consequential or otherwise. Some countries may not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts and/or do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations and exclusions may not apply to you.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights, which vary from place to place.

NOTE

: All products returned to Kramer for service must have prior approval. This may be obtained from your

dealer.

NOTICE

This equipment has been tested to determine compliance with the requirements of:

EN-50081

: "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC);

generic emission standard. Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry"

EN-50082

: "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) generic immunity standard. Part 1:

Residential, commercial and light in dustry environment".

CFR-47

FCC Rules and Regulations:

Part 15- “Radio frequency devices:

Subpart B- Unintentional radiators”

CAUTION



Servicing the machines can only be done by an authorized Kramer technician. Any user who makes changes or modifications to the unit without the expressed approval of the manufacturer will void user authority to operate the equipment.

 Use the supplied AC power cord (when applicable) to supply power to the machine and controllers.



Please use recommended interconnect cables to connect the machine to controllers and other components.

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For the latest information on our products and a list of

Kramer distributors, visit our Web site:

www.kramerelectronics.com.

Updates to this user manual may be found at

http://www.kramerelectronics.com/manuals.html.

We welcome your questions, comments and feedback.



Web site: www.kramerelectronics.com

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E-mail: info@kramerel.com

P/N: 2900-004001 REV 2

Kramer FC-10, FC-19, FC-10D, FC-4041C, FC-4042 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual