Appendix A. Glossary of AbbreviationsA-1. . . . . .
TP-5660 11/98Table of Contents
Safety Precautions and Instructions
A transfer switch, like any other
electromechanical device, can pose
potential dangers to life and limb if
improperly maintained or operated.
The best way to prevent accidents is to
be aware of potential dangers and act
safely.Please read and follow the
safety precautions and instructions
below to prevent harm to yourself and
others. This manual contains several
types of safety precautions and
instructionswhich are explained below.
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS.
DANGER
Danger indicates the presence of a
hazard that will cause severe personal
injury, death, or substantial property
damage.
WARNING
Warning indicates the presence of a
hazard that can cause severe personal
injury, death, or substantial property
damage.
CAUTION
Caution indicates the presence of a
hazard that will or can cause minor
personal injury or property damage.
Accidental Starting
W ARNING
Accidental starting.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect battery cables before
working on generator set. (Remove
negative(--)leadfirstwhen
disconnecting battery.Reconnect
negative(--)leadlastwhen
reconnecting battery.)
Disablingthegeneratorset.
Accidentalstartingcancause
severe injury or death.Before
working on the generator set or
connected equipment, disable the
generator set as follows: 1) Move the
generator set master switch to the OFF
position. 2) Disconnect power to the
battery charger.3) Remove battery
cables,negative (--) lead first.
Reconnect negative (--) lead last when
reconnecting battery.Follow these
precautions to prevent starting of
generator set by an automatic transfer
switch, remote start/stop switch, or
engine start command from a remote
computer.
Battery
W ARNING
Sulfuric acid in batteries.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Use protective goggles and clothes.
Battery acid can cause permanent
damage to eyes, burn skin, and eat
holes in clothing.
Battery acid.Sulfuric acid in
batteries can cause severe injury or
death. Sulfuric acid in battery can
cause permanent damage to eyes,
burn skin, and eat holes in clothing.
Alwayswear splash-proofsafety
goggles when working near the battery.
Ifbattery acidis splashed in the eyes or
on skin, immediately flush the affected
areafor15 minuteswithlarge
quantities of clean water.Seek
immediate medical aid in the case of
eye contact.Never add acid to a
battery after placing the battery in
service,as this mayresult in hazardous
spattering of battery acid.
NOTICE
Noticecommunicatesinstallation,
operation, or maintenance information
that is important but not hazard related.
Safety decals affixed to the transfer
switch in prominent places advise the
operator or service technician of
potentialhazards andhow toact safely.
The decals are reproduced here to
improve operator recognition. Replace
missing or damaged decals.
TP-5660 11/98Safety Precautions and Instructions I
W ARNING
Hazardous Voltage/
Electrical Shock
W ARNING
W ARNING
Explosion.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Relays in battery charger cause
arcs or sparks.
Locate battery in a well-ventilated
area. Isolate battery charger from
explosive fumes.
Battery gases. Explosion can cause
severe injury or death.Battery
gases can cause an explosion. Do not
smokeor permit flameor spark tooccur
near a battery at any time, particularly
when it is charging. Avoid touching
terminals with tools, etc., to prevent
burns and sparks that could cause an
explosion. Remove wristwatch, rings,
and any other jewelry before handling
battery. Never connect negative (--)
battery cable to positive (+) connection
terminal of starter solenoid. Donot test
battery condition by shorting terminals
together. Sparks could ignite battery
gases or fuel vapors. Ventilate any
compartment containing batteries to
prevent accumulation of explosive
gases. To avoid sparks, do not disturb
battery charger connections while
batteryis charging. Alwaysturnbattery
chargeroffbeforedisconnecting
battery connections. Remove negative
(--) lead first when disconnecting
battery. Reconnect negative (--) lead
last when reconnecting battery.
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(under 600 Volt)
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(600 Volt and above)
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Install barrier after
adjustments,maintenance,or
service.
(under 600 Volt)
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Operate generator set only with all
guards and electrical enclosures in
place.
Grounding the transfer switch.
Hazardousvoltagecancause
severe injury or death. Electrocution
is possible whenever electricity is
present. Open main circuit breakers of
all power sources before servicing
equipment. Configure the installation
to electrically ground the transfer
switch and related equipment and
electrical circuits to comply with
applicablecodesandstandards.
Never contact electrical leads or
appliances when standing in water or
on wet ground, as the chance of
electrocution increases under such
conditions.
Installingbatterycharger.
Hazardousvoltagecancause
severe injury or death.Electrical
shock may occur if battery charger is
not electrically grounded.Connect
battery charger enclosure to ground of
a permanent wiring system.As an
alternative,installanequipment
groundingconductorwithcircuit
conductors and connect to equipment
grounding terminal or lead on battery
charger.Perform battery charger
installation as prescribed in equipment
manual.Install battery charger in
compliance with local codes and
ordinances.
Movingrotor.
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Install barrier after
adjustments,maintenance,or
servicing.
(600 Volt and above)
Connecting battery and battery
charger.Hazardous voltage can
cause severe injury or death.
Reconnect battery correctly to avoid
electrical shock and damage to battery
charger and battery(ies).Have a
qualified electrician install battery(ies).
TP-5660 11/98II Safety Precautions and Instructions
Installingaccessoriesto
transformer assembly. Hazardous
voltage can cause severe injury or
death. To prevent the possibility of
electrical shock, disconnect harness
plug before installing any accessories
involving connection to transformer
assembly primary terminals 76, 77, 78,
and 79. Terminals are at line voltage!
(Models with E33+, S340, S340+, 340,
R340, or R33 controls only.)
Installingaccessoriesto
transformer assembly. Hazardous
voltage can cause severe injury or
death. To prevent the possibility of
electrical shock, disconnect harness
plug before installing any accessories
which will be connected to transformer
assemblyprimaryterminalson
microprocessorlogicmodels.
Terminals are at line voltage!
Makinglineorauxiliary
connections.Hazardous voltage
can cause severe injury or death. To
prevent the possibility of electrical
shock, deenergize the normal power
source before making any line or
auxiliary connections.
Servicing transfer switch controls
andaccessorieswithinthe
enclosure. Hazardous voltage can
cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect transfer switch controls at
the inline connector to deenergize the
circuit boards and logic circuitry but
allow the transfer switch to continue to
supply power to the load. Disconnect
all power sources to any accessories
mountedwithin the enclosure butwhich
are not wired through the controls and
deenergizedbyinlineconnector
separation.Test circuits with a
voltmeter to verify that they are
unpowered before servicing.
Heavy Equipment
W ARNING
Unbalanced weight.
Improper lift can cause severe
injury or death and/or equipment
damage.
Use adequate lifting capacity.
Never leave transfer switch standing
upright unless it is securely bolted in
place or stabilized.
Shortcircuits.Hazardous
voltage/current can cause severe
injury or death. Short circuits can
cause bodily injury and/or equipment
damage.Do not contact electrical
connections with tools or jewelry while
makingadjustmentsorrepairs.
Remove wristwatch, rings, and jewelry
before servicing equipment.
power sources before servicing. Open
main circuit breakers of all power
sources to the transfer switch and
disable all generator sets as follows:
1) Move all generator set master
controller switches to the OFF position.
2) Disconnect power to all battery
chargers.3) Disconnect all battery
cables, negative(--)leads first.
Reconnectnegative(--)leadslastwhen
reconnecting batterycables after
servicing. Follow these precautions to
prevent starting of generator sets by an
automatic transfer switch, remote
start/stop switch, or engine start
command from a remote computer.
TP-5660 11/98Safety Precautions and Instructions III
Moving Parts
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Operate generator set only with all
guards and electrical enclosures in
place.
Movingrotor.
Notice
NOTICE
Hardware damage! Transfer switch
may use both American Standard and
metric hardware. Use the correct size
tools to prevent rounding of bolt heads
and nuts.
NOTICE
When replacing hardware, do not
substitutewithinferiorgrade
hardware.Screws and nuts are
available in different hardness ratings.
American Standard hardware uses a
seriesofmarkingsand metric hardware
uses a numeric system to indicate
hardness.Check markings on bolt
head and nuts for identification.
NOTICE
Improper operator handle usage!
Use the manual operator handle
provided on the transfer switch for
maintenance purposes only. Return
the transfer switch to the normal
position.Remove manual operator
handle, if used, and store it on the
transfer switch in the place provided
when service is completed.
NOTICE
Foreign materialcontamination!
Covertransferswitchduring
installation to keep dirt, grit, metal drill
chips, etc., out of components. Cover
solenoidmechanismduring
installation.After installation, use
manual operating handle to position
contactor to ensure that it operates
freely. Do not use a screwdriver to
force contactor mechanism.
NOTICE
Electrostatic discharge damage!
Electrostaticdischarge(ESD)
damages electronic circuit boards.
Preventelectrostaticdischarge
damage by wearing an approved
grounding wrist strap when handling
electronic circuit boards or integrated
circuits. An approved grounding wrist
strap provides a high resistance (about
1 megohm), not a direct short, to
ground.
TP-5660 11/98IV Safety Precautions and Instructions
Introduction
This manual provides operation and installation
instructions for Kohler Model ZCS automatic transfer
switchesthatusea40-to3000-amperecontactor asthe
power switching device.
All information in this publication represents data
availableattimeofprint. KohlerCo.reservestherightto
change this literature and the products represented
without incurring obligation.
Read through this manual and carefully follow all
procedures and safety precautions to ensure proper
equipment operation and to avoid bodily injury. Read
and follow the Safety Precautions and Instructions
section at the beginning of this manual. Keep this
manual with equipment for future reference.
Equipment service requirements are minimal but are
veryimportantto safeand efficientoperation;therefore,
inspect parts often and perform required service at the
prescribed intervals. An authorized service distributor
or dealer (authorized service center) should perform
required service to keep equipment in top condition.
List of Related Materials
Thismanualcoversoperationand installation
information for the transfer switch’s power switching
device. Decode the transfer switch part number model
codefrom the transfer switch nameplateand verifythat
the transfer switch’s power switching device matches
that what is shown on the front cover of this manual
before proceeding with operation or installation.
a separate manual.The following table lists the
available electrical controls and the related operation
and installation manual part numbers.
Separate manuals cover service and parts information
for transfer switch power switching devices and
electricalcontrols. Thefollowingtableliststheavailable
manuals and the related manual part numbers.
Transfer switches with microprocessor electrical
controls and communication accessories can be
monitoredand controlledwith a personalcomputer and
software. Thefollowingtableliststheavailablemanuals
and part numbers.
A separate operation and installation manual that
covers information specific to the transfer switch’s
electricalcontrols(logiccontroller)completesoperation
and installation instructions for the transfer switch.
Three types of electrical controls are available on the
Communications Item
Remote Monitoring and Control
Communications (Monitor) Software
Communications KitsTT-847
Operation/
Installation
Manual
TP-5823
ModelZCS transfer switch, and each typeis coveredin
TP-5660 11/98Introduction i
Service Assistance
TransferSwitchIdentificationNumbers
Service Information
For sales, service, or other information about a Kohler
Generator Division product, contact a local authorized
distributor or dealer first.
To locate a local authorized distributor or dealer
D Look on the product or the information includedwith
the product
D Consult the Yellow Pages under the heading
Generators—Electric
D Visit the Kohler Generator Division Web site at
www.kohlergenerators.com
D Call1-800-544-2444(insidetheU.S.A.andCanada)
or 920-565-3381 (outside the U.S.A. and Canada)
Product Identification
To ensure the supply of correct parts and information,
write the product identification numbers in the spaces
below. Record the identification numbers immediately
after unpacking the products so that the numbers are
readily available for future reference.Record the
field-installed kit numbers after installing the kit.
Record the product identification numbers from the
transfer switch nameplate.
Part Number
Serial Number
Accessory NumberAccessory Description
TP-5660 11/98ii Introduction
Section 1. Specifications
1.1Purpose
An automatic transfer switch (ATS) transfers critical
electrical loads from a normal (preferred) source of
electrical power to an emergency (standby) source
when the normal source fails to maintain minimum
voltage and/or frequency levels.
Upon normal source failure, the ATS signals the
generator set to start. When the emergency source
reaches a minimum voltage and/or frequency level, the
ATS transfers the load from the normal source to the
emergency source. The ATS continuously senses the
normalsource and transfers the load backto the normal
sourcewhenthe normalsourcereturns. Aftertransferof
theloadback tothenormal source,theATSremovesthe
generator set start signal, allowing the generator set to
shut down.
1.2Components
A typical transfer switch consists of functional units
mounted in an enclosure with a hinged front door. See
Figure 1-1. The power switching device connects the
load to the normal or emergency sources of power. An
inner panel mounted on theinside of the enclosure door
containsthe electrical controls (logic controller) circuitry
that monitors power sources, controls the power
switching device, and signals the generator to start
when needed. Enclosure door-mounted controls and
indicators allow the operator to control the transfer
switch operation mode and obtain system status
information. A wire harness with inline connectors to
facilitate component replacement and door removal
connects the inner panel to the power switching device.
Controls and indicators on the transfer switch are
determined by the logic controller and installed
accessories.For details see the operation and
installation manual for the logic controller specified by
the part number model code on the transfer switch
nameplate. See Sections 1.3 and 1.4 to determine the
logic controller on the transfer switch.See List of
Related Materials in the Introduction section in this
manual.
5. Controls and indicators (mounted on enclosure door)
6. Neutral lug
3
4
5
TS-001
Figure 1-1. Typical Transfer Switch Components
The power switching device transfers power from the
normal or emergency power source to the load. See
Figure 1-2.The controller electrically actuates the
power switching device to select a power source, and
theswitch mechanically latches inthe selected position.
The switch also includes a provision for manual
mechanical operation in emergency nonpowered
conditions. Within the switch are two sets of multipole
contacts. One set of contacts selects power from the
normal source and the other set selects power from the
emergency source.The two sets of contacts are
mechanically interlocked within the switch, ensuring
that only one set of contacts is closed simultaneously.
Mechanical interlocking ensures load servicing without
cross-coupling of the power sources.
Normal
(Utility)
Power
Switching
Device
Power
Automatic Transfer Switch
To Load
Emergency
(Generator)
Power
Interface
Generator
Start Generator
Logic
Controller
TS-002
Figure 1-2. Typical Transfer Switch Block Diagram
TP-5660 11/98Specifications 1
1.3Nameplate
A nameplate providing characteristic and rating
information that affects operation, installation, and
servicing is attached to the inside of the transfer switch
enclosure door. See Figure 1-3.
Copy the part number into the blank spaces provided in
Figure 1-4 and then use Figure 1-4 to interpret the part
number.
Copy the part number, factory-installed accessory
numbers,and serialnumber fromthe nameplateinto the
spaces provided in the Service Assistance section in
this manual for use when requesting service or parts.
1
AUTOMATICTRANSFER SWITCH
PARTNO.
3
SERIAL NO.
VOLTS
PHASE
HERTZ
1. Location for part number used to identify type of ATS.
2. Location for factory-installed accessory numbers.
3. Location for the ATSserial number.
AMPS
WIRES
POLES
2
TS-003
Figure 1-3. Typical Transfer Switch Nameplate
TP-5660 11/982 Specifications
1.4Part Number Model Code
Use the diagram below to record and interpret the transfer switch part number model code.
Record the transfer switch part number in the boxes below. The transfer switch part number defines
characteristics and ratings as explained in the accompanying chart.
Type of Switch Type of Logic Voltage& Frequency
Number of
Poles
Number of
Wires
Type of
EnclosureAmperage Rating Code
Kohler Part Number Key
This chart explains the Kohler transfer switch part numbering code system.
The sample part number shown is for a standard contactor power switch with
M340+ logic rated at 600 volts, 60 hertz, 3-phase, 3-pole, and 4 wires in a
NEMA Type 1 enclosure with a contactor rating of 1000 amperes.
Classification of Power Switch
Z: Power Switch
Type of Power Switch
C: Contactor
Type of Switch
S: Standard
Type of Electrical Controls (Logic Controller)
1: S340+
2: E33+
3: S340+ with Programmed Transition
4: E33+ with Programmed Transition
5: M340+
6: M340+ with Programmed Transition
Voltage Code
60: 600 Volt, 60 Hz66: 480 Volt, 60 Hz
62: 120 Volt, 60 Hz68: 208 Volt, 60 Hz
63: 220 Volt, 50 Hz71: 380 Volt, 50/60 Hz
64: 240 Volt, 60 Hz
SAMPLE PART NUMBER
ZCS-560341-1000
Number of Poles
2: 2 Pole, 1 Phase
3: 3 Pole, 3 Phase
Number of Wires
3: 3 Wire
4: 4 Wire
Enclosure
0 = Open
1 = NEMA Type 1
2 = NEMA Type 12
3 = NEMA Type 3R
Amperes
Numbers Indicate Ampere Rating of Switch
4: 3 Pole, 1 Phase
6: 4 Pole, Fully Rated
Figure 1-4. Transfer Switch Model Designations
TP-5660 11/98Specifications 3
1.5Standard Features
UL100
8
Max.FuseSiz
e
SwitchRatin
g
Max.FuseSiz
e
The standard features listed here are for the ZCS
contactor power switching device. Refer to the logic
controller operationand installationmanual for
controller specifications. See List of Related Materials
in the Introduction section in this manual.
D Provided as a complete automatic transfer switch
D Two-pole, three-pole and four-pole
D Four-pole—fully rated
D Can be operated manually when unpowered
D Twonormallyopen (N.O.) and two normallyclosed
(N.C.) main shaft auxiliary contacts
D Withstand and closing current ratings as shown
below.
with E33+ (solid state logic), S340+ (solid state
logic), or M340+ (microprocessor logic) controller
1.6Ratings
in various enclosures
D Meets UL and CSA standards
D Voltage ratings up to 600 vac
D Amperage ratings for Programmed Transition
Switches from 40 to 3000 amperes
D Amperage ratings for Standard Switches from
600 to 3000 amperes
D Switching device electrically and mechanically
interlocked
Withstand and Closing Current Ratings per UL 1008 and CSA *
* UL1008 listed at 480 vac and CSA listed at 600 vac.
(amps)
@ 480 VAC@ 600 VAC@ 480 VAC@ 600 VAC
The following tables provide information on contactor
withstandandclosingcurrentratings(WCR).
Figure 1-5 provides WCR when used with any
current-limiting fuse or any overcurrent protective
device. Figure 1-6 and Figure 1-7 provides WCR when
coordinatedwithspecificmanufacturer’scircuit
breakers or fuse types. Figure 1-6 has ratings for
480 V maximum and apply to both UL and CSA listings.
Figure 1-7 has ratings for 600 V maximum and apply to
a CSA listing only.
Figure 1-7. Withstand and Closing Current Ratings (WCR) With Coordinated Circuit Breakers or Fuses,
600 V Maximum, CSA Listings
TP-5660 11/986 Specifications
1.7Application Data
Siz
e
Siz
e
See Figure 1-8 for application data including the range of wire sizes for the transfer switch’s power terminals.
AL/CU UL-listed Solderless Screw-type Terminals for External Power Connections
Switch
(amps)
401#14 AWG to #2 AWG8004#2 AWG to 600 MCM
80--1001#14 AWG to 1/0 AWG10004#2 AWG to 600 MCM
1501#8 AWG to 3/0 AWG12004#2 AWG to 600 MCM
2251#6 AWG to 250 MCM1600Bus Bar Connection
2601#6 AWG to 350 MCM2000Bus Bar Connection
4001#4 AWG to 600 MCM2500Bus Bar Connection
6002#2 AWG to 600 MCM3000Bus Bar Connection
Normal, Emergency, and Load Terminals
Cables per PoleRange of Wire Sizes
Figure 1-8. Application Data
Switch
(amps)
Normal, Emergency, and Load Terminals
Cables per PoleRange of Wire Sizes
TP-5660 11/98Specifications 7
Notes
TP-5660 11/988 Specifications
Section 2. Operation
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(under 600 Volt)
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(600 Volt and above)
Have preventive maintenance performed on the
transferswitch at regularintervals afterinstallation. See
Section 4 for preventive maintenance.
Contact an authorized service center to inspect and
service the transfer switch when any wear, damage,
deterioration, or malfunction of the transfer switch or its
components is evident or suspected; DO NOT
ENERGIZE THE SWITCH.
2.1Startup
Use this section when power sources have been
disconnected to the transfer switch for an extended
period after maintenance or service of the standby
system, NOT FOR INITIAL STARTUP.
For initial startup, follow the instructions in the
installation section of the operation and installation
manualforthelogiccontrollerand
Section 6—Installation in this manual.
Follow the following steps to power up the transfer
switch and prepare it for automatic operation.
Powerup Procedure
1. Move the generator set master switch to the OFF
position to prevent the generator set from starting.
2. Ensure that BOTH the normal and emergency
power sources are disconnected by opening
upstream circuit breakers or switches to the
transfer switch.
3. Open the enclosure and check that the wire
harnesses for the power switching device and the
controller are plugged together at the inline
disconnect plugP1. See thedrawings in Section 5
to locate the disconnect plug on the contactor.
4. Follow the manual operation procedure to prepare
the transfer switch for automatic operation. See
Section 2.3.
5. Close and lock the transfer switch enclosure door.
6. Prepare the generator set that provides standby
power for operation. Check the oil level, coolant
level, fuel supply, batteries, and items specified by
the generator set installation or operation checklist
or manual.
7. Move the generator set masterswitch to the AUTO
position. The generator set should start.
8. When loads can be safely energized, reapply
power sources to the transfer switch by closing
circuit breakers or switches.
NOTE
Wheninitially applyingpower tothetransfer switch,
the engine start contacts remain closed signalling
the generator to run until the ATS’s Time Delay
Engine Cooldown (TDEC), if equipped, ends.
9. Perform an automatic operation test. See the logic
controller operation and installation manual.
Refer to the logic controller operation and installation
manual for other startup and setup procedures.
2.2Automatic Operation
The logic controller installed in the unit provides
automatic operation.Refer to the logic controller
operation and installation manual for automatic
operation details and procedures. See List of Related
Materials in the Introduction section in this manual.
TP-5660 11/98Operation 9
Thetransferswitchlogiccontrollercircuitry,
programming, or accessories determine when a power
source is acceptable, has failed, or has been restored
and operates accordingly. Failure of a power source
occurswhen the the voltage and/or frequency on oneor
more phases fall below preset limits. A power source is
acceptable when the voltage and/or frequency on all
monitored phases rise above preset levels. A power
source is restored when it becomes acceptable after
failing.Typical ATS operation is divided into two
sequences.
D Failure of the normal power source and the
resulting transfer to the emergency source or
Emergency.
D Restorationof the normalpower sourceandthe
resulting transfer back to the normal source or
Normal.
The following sections briefly explain these sequences
of operation.Installed controller accessories can
change the sequence of operation.See the logic
controller operationand installationmanual for
specifications on time delays, voltage and frequency
limits, control adjustments, and accessory information.
2.2.2Restoration of Normal Power
After normal power source restoration, the controller
starts a time delay called Time Delay Emergency to
Normal(TDEN). Ifthe normal power source fails before
TDEN ends, the time delay resets. TDEN ensures
normalpowersourcestabilizationbeforeload
reconnection.
When the controller determines that the normal power
source has maintained an acceptable level and TDEN
ends, the controller signals the power switching device
to reconnect the load to the normal source.
Afterload transferthe switchmechanically latchesin the
normal position and the controller starts a time delay
called Time Delay Engine Cooldown (TDEC), if
equipped. TDECallowsthe engineand generatorto run
unloadedand cooldownbefore shutdown. WhenTDEC
expires the controller signals the generator set to shut
down.
The generator set controller may allow the generator to
run for an additional cooldown period after the transfer
switch signals a shutdown. Consult the generator set
operation manual for more information.
2.2.1Failure of Normal Power
When the normal power source fails, the controller
starts a time delay called Time Delay Engine Start
(TDES).TDES prevents unnecessary generator
startup during short normal power interruptions. If the
normalpower source is restoredbefore TDES ends, the
controller resets the time delay. If the normal power
failure persists and TDES ends, the controller issues a
signal to start the standby (emergency) generator to
produce the emergency power source.
After signalling the generator to start, the controller
monitors the emergency power source.When the
controller determines that the emergency (generator)
power source is acceptable it starts a time delay called
Time Delay Normal to Emergency (TDNE).TDNE
allows emergency power source stabilization before
loadconnection and prevents nuisance transfersduring
short power interruptions.When TDNE ends the
controller signals the transfer switch toconnect the load
to the emergency source.
Afterload transferthe switchmechanically latchesin the
emergency position, supplying emergency source
power to the load until normal power source restoration
and stabilization.
TP-5660 11/9810 Operation
2.3Manual Operation
To test or troubleshoot the transfer switch, or when the
controller fails in an emergency situation, manually
operatethe power switching deviceas described below.
W ARNING
W ARNING
Accidental starting.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect battery cables before
working on generator set. (Remove
negative(--)leadfirstwhen
disconnecting battery.Reconnect
negative(--)leadlastwhen
reconnecting battery.)
Disabling the generator set.Accidental starting can
cause severe injury or death.Before working on the
generator set or connected equipment, disable the generator
set as follows: 1) Move the generator set master switch to the
OFF position. 2) Disconnect power to the battery charger.
3) Remove battery cables, negative (--)lead first. Reconnect
negative(--)lead last whenreconnecting battery. Follow these
precautions to prevent starting of generator set by an
automatic transfer switch, remote start/stop switch, or engine
start command from a remote computer.
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(under 600 Volt)
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Install barrierafter
adjustments,maintenance,or
service.
(under 600 Volt)
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Install barrierafter
adjustments,maintenance,or
servicing.
(600 Volt and above)
Servicing the transfer switch. Hazardous voltage can
cause severe injury or death. Deenergizeall powersources
before servicing. Open main circuit breakers of all power
sourcesto the transferswitch and disable all generatorsets as
follows: 1) Move all generator set master controller switches
to the OFF position. 2) Disconnect power to all battery
chargers. 3) Disconnect all battery cables, negative (--)leads
first. Reconnect negative (--) leads last when reconnecting
battery cables after servicing. Follow these precautions to
prevent starting of generator sets by an automatic transfer
switch, remote start/stop switch, or engine start command
from a remote computer.
NOTICE
Improper operator handle usage! Use the manual operator
handle provided on the transfer switch for maintenance
purposes only. Return the transfer switch to the normal
position. Remove manualoperatorhandle, if used,andstore it
on the transfer switch in the place provided when service is
completed.
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(600 Volt and above)
A contactor in normal and serviceable condition
transfers smoothly without binding when operated
manually. Do notplace the transfer switchinto service if
the contactor does not manually operate smoothly
without binding; contact an authorized service center to
NOTE
service the contactor.
TP-5660 11/98Operation 11
2.3.1Programmed Transition Switch,
40--260 Amps
Manual Operation Procedure
1. Prevent the generator set, which provides the
emergency power source to the transfer switch,
from starting by moving the generator set master
switch to the OFF position; disconnecting power to
the generator engine start battery charger, if
installed; and disconnecting all generator engine
start batteries, negative (--) leads first.
2. Disconnect BOTH the normal and emergency
power sources by opening upstream circuit
breakers or switches to the transfer switch.
3. Open the transfer switch enclosure door.
4. Set the disconnect switch (DS) to the INHIBIT
position to preventthe controller fromenergizing the
solenoid(s). See Figure 2-1.
5. Attach the manual operating handle to the switch
lever.
6. If the handleis notin the middle(off) position,move
thehandle upor downtobring itinto themiddle(off)
position.The switch should operate smoothly
without binding.Both normal and emergency
sources are disconnected from the load in the
middle (off) position.
7. Locate the mid-position manual release handle on
the left side of the switch. See Figure 2-1.
8. Pull and hold the mid-position manual release
handle to the left. This releases the mechanism
that allows manual switching to the normal or
emergency source from the off position. Move the
handle up to the normal position to manually
connect the load to the normal source or down to
the emergency position to manually connect the
load to the emergency source. The switch should
operate smoothly in both directions without
binding.
9. Manually connect the load to the normal source for
automatic operation.
1
4
1. Mid-position manual release handle
2. Switch lever, middle (off) position shown
3. Disconnect switch, INHIBIT position shown
4. Manual operating handle, typical
NORMAL
LOCK
LOCK
EMERGENCY
AUTO INHIBIT
Figure 2-1. Manual Operation, Programmed
Transition Switch 40--260Amps
2
3
5660201
10. Remove and return the manual operator handle to
the holder provided.
11. Move the disconnect switch (DS) to the AUTO
position for automatic operation.
12. Close and lock the transfer switch enclosure door.
13. Reconnect power supplies to the transfer switch.
NOTE
Wheninitially applyingpower tothetransfer switch,
the engine start contacts remain closed signalling
the generator to run until the ATS’s Time Delay
Engine Cooldown (TDEC), if equipped, ends.
14. Reconnect generator engine start battery cables,
negative (--) leads last; reconnect power to the
generator engine start battery charger, if installed;
and move the generator set master switch to the
AUTO (automatic) position. The generator may
start and run for a while (see NOTE above).
TP-5660 11/9812 Operation
2.3.2Programmed Transition Switch,
400--3000 Amps
Manual Operation Procedure
1. Prevent the generator set, which provides the
emergency power source to the transfer switch,
from starting by moving the generator set master
switch to the OFF position; disconnecting power to
the generator engine start battery charger, if
installed; and disconnecting all generator engine
start batteries, negative (--) leads first.
2. Disconnect BOTH the normal and emergency
power sources by opening upstream circuit
breakers or switches to the transfer switch.
3. Open the transfer switch enclosure door.
4. Set the disconnect switch (DS) to the INHIBIT
position to preventthe controller fromenergizing the
solenoid(s). See Figure 2-2.
1
NORMAL
LOCK
LOCK
5. Attach the manual operator handle to the normal
switchleverand moveit uptothe normalposition to
manually connect the load to the normal source
andmove itdown todisconnect. Theswitchshould
operate smoothly in both directions without
binding.
6. Attach the manual operator handle to the
emergency switch lever. Move the handle down to
the emergency position to manually connect the
load to the emergency source and move it up to
disconnect. Theswitchshould operatesmoothly in
both directions without binding.
NOTE
A mechanical interlock prevents simultaneous
emergency and normal source connection to the
load. Both sources can be manually disconnected
from the load simultaneously.
7. Manually connect the load to the normal source for
automatic operation.
8. Remove and return the manual operator handle to
the holder provided.
9. Move the disconnect switch (DS) to the AUTO
position for automatic operation.
10. Close and lock the transfer switch enclosure door.
11. Reconnect power supplies to the transfer switch.
2
LOCK
4
1. Normal switch lever, normal source shown connected to load
2. Emergency switchlever,emergencysourceshown
disconnected from load
3. Disconnect switch, INHIBIT position shown
4. Manual operating handle, typical
LOCK
EMERGENCY
AUTO
INHIBIT
3
5660202
Figure 2-2. Manual Operation, Programmed
Transition Switch 400--3000Amps
NOTE
Wheninitially applyingpower tothetransfer switch,
the engine start contacts remain closed signalling
the generator to run until the ATS’s Time Delay
Engine Cooldown (TDEC), if equipped, ends.
12. Reconnect generator engine start battery cables,
negative (--) leads last; reconnect power to the
generator engine start battery charger, if installed;
and move the generator set master switch to the
AUTO (automatic) position. The generator may
start and run for a while (see NOTE above).
TP-5660 11/98Operation 13
2.3.3Standard Switch, 800--3000 Amps
Manual Operation Procedure
1. Prevent the generator set, which provides the
emergency power source to the transfer switch,
from starting by moving the generator set master
switch to the OFF position; disconnecting power to
the generator engine start battery charger, if
installed; and disconnecting all generator engine
start batteries, negative (--) leads first.
5. Attach the manual operating handle to the switch
lever.
6. Move the handle up to the normal position to
connect the load to the normal source or down to
the emergency position to connect the load to the
emergency source.Switch should operate
smoothly between both positions without binding.
7. Manually connect the load to the normal source for
automatic operation.
2. Disconnect BOTH the normal and emergency
power sources by opening upstream circuit
breakers or switches to the transfer switch.
3. Open the transfer switch enclosure door.
4. Set the disconnect switch (DS) to the INHIBIT
position to preventthe controller fromenergizing the
solenoid(s). See Figure 2-3.
1
NORMAL
LOCK
LOCK
EMERGENCY
8. Remove and return the manual operator handle to
the holder provided.
9. Move the disconnect switch (DS) to the AUTO
position for automatic operation.
10. Close and lock the transfer switch enclosure door.
11. Reconnect power supplies to the transfer switch.
NOTE
Wheninitially applyingpower tothetransfer switch,
the engine start contacts remain closed signalling
the generator to run until the ATS’s Time Delay
Engine Cooldown (TDEC), if equipped, ends.
12. Reconnect generator engine start battery cables,
negative (--) leads last; reconnect power to the
generator engine start battery charger, if installed;
and move the generator set master switch to the
AUTO (automatic) position. The generator may
start and run for a while (see NOTE above).
3
AUTOINHIBIT
1. Switch lever, normal source shown connected to load
2. Disconnect switch, INHIBIT position shown
3. Manual operating handle, typical
2
5660203
Figure 2-3. Manual Operation, Standard Switch
600--3000 Amps
TP-5660 11/9814 Operation
Section 3. Accessories
3.1Programmed Transition
NOTE
ATSs using microprocessor logic control do not use this
section.The programmed transition function takes
place within the microprocessor and no time relays are
required. See TP-5664, operation and installation
manual for the M340+ controller, for operational details.
Relays K3 and K4 on the interface board are replaced
with a standard form C relay.
3.1.1Description
The Programmed Transition accessory consists of two
timing relays that plug into an interface circuit board.
See Figure 3-1. If these relays are present, power
transfers from normal to emergency or emergency to
normalin threesteps: (1)the switch orcircuit breakerfor
the previously connected power source opens, (2) a
delay period, adjustable from 2 to 40 seconds, allows
any residual voltage in the load circuit to decay, and (3)
the switch or circuit breaker for the new power source
closes.
Disabling the generator set.Accidental starting can
cause severe injury or death.Before working on the
generator set or connected equipment, disable the generator
set as follows: 1) Move the generator set master switch to the
OFF position. 2) Disconnect power to the battery charger.
3) Remove battery cables, negative (--)lead first. Reconnect
negative(--)lead last whenreconnecting battery. Follow these
precautions to prevent starting of generator set by an
automatic transfer switch, remote start/stop switch, or engine
start command from a remote computer.
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(under 600 Volt)
DANGER
3.1.2Adjustment
Two separate timing relays are used. One relay,
K4 (TDOE), produces the time delay for the normal to
emergencypower transfer.The other relay,K3(TDON),
produces the time delay for the emergency to normal
power transfer. Each relay has a separate adjustment.
To make the adjustment, proceed as follows.
W ARNING
Accidental starting.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect battery cables before
working on generator set. (Remove
negative(--)leadfirstwhen
disconnecting battery.Reconnect
negative(--)leadlastwhen
reconnecting battery.)
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(600 Volt and above)
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Install barrierafter
adjustments,maintenance,or
service.
(under 600 Volt)
TP-5660 11/98Accessories 15
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
NOTE
Wheninitially applyingpower tothetransfer switch,
the engine start contacts remain closed signalling
the generator to run until the ATS’s Time Delay
Engine Cooldown (TDEC), if equipped, ends.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Install barrierafter
adjustments,maintenance,or
servicing.
(600 Volt and above)
Servicing the transfer switch. Hazardous voltage can
cause severe injury or death. Deenergizeall powersources
before servicing. Open main circuit breakers of all power
sourcesto the transferswitch and disable all generatorsets as
follows: 1) Move all generator set master controller switches
to the OFF position. 2) Disconnect power to all battery
chargers. 3) Disconnect all battery cables, negative (--)leads
first. Reconnect negative (--) leads last when reconnecting
battery cables after servicing. Follow these precautions to
prevent starting of generator sets by an automatic transfer
switch, remote start/stop switch, or engine start command
from a remote computer.
Time Delay Off Adjustment Procedure
1. Prevent the generator set, which provides the
emergency power source to the transfer switch,
from starting by moving the generator set master
switch to the OFF position; disconnecting power to
the generator engine start battery charger, if
installed; and disconnecting all generator engine
start batteries, negative (--) leads first.
2. Disconnect BOTH the normal and emergency
power sources by opening upstream circuit
breakers or switches to the transfer switch.
3. Open the transfer switch enclosure door.
8. Reconnect generator engine start battery cables,
negative (--) leads last; reconnect power to the
generator engine start battery charger, if installed;
and move the generator set master switch to the
AUTO (automatic) position. The generator may
start and run for a while (see NOTE above).
9. Perform an automatic operation test to verify time
delays.See the logic controller operation and
installation manual. See List of Related Materials
in the Introduction section in this manual.
1
1. K3 (TDON)
2. K4 (TDOE)
2
A-320687
Figure 3-1. Interface Circuit Board with
Time Delay Off Relays
4. Locate the appropriaterelay on the interfacecircuit
board. See Figure 3-1.
5. Insert a screwdriver into the slot of the adjustment
screw, which is visible through the cover of the
relay, and turn the adjustment screw to the desired
time delay period. Turnclockwise to increase time,
counterclockwise to decrease time.
6. Close and lock the transfer switch enclosure door.
7. Reconnect power supplies to the transfer switch.
3.2Other Accessories
With the exception of the Time Delay Off accessory, all
other accessories for this automatic transfer switch are
controlleraccessories.Forcontrolleraccessory
information and procedures, refer to the appropriate
logic controller operation and installation manual. See
List of Related Materials in the Introduction section in
this manual.
TP-5660 11/9816 Accessories
Section 4. Scheduled Maintenance
Scheduled preventive maintenance ensures safe and
reliable operation and extends the life of the transfer
switch.Preventive maintenance includes periodic
testing, cleaning, inspection, and replacement of worn
or missing components.
A local authorized distributor or dealer (authorized
service center) can provide complete preventive
maintenance and services tokeep the transfer switch in
top condition. Contact a local distributor or dealer for
additional information.See the Service Assistance
sectionin thismanual forhow to locatea localdistributor
or dealer.
Read this entire section carefully before attempting any
maintenance or service. Unless otherwise specified,
have maintenance or service performed by an
authorized service center that has trained and qualified
personnel who follow all applicable codes and
standards.
Keep records of all maintenance or service.
Replace all barriers and close and lock the enclosure
Accidental starting.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect battery cables before
working on generator set. (Remove
negative(--)leadfirstwhen
disconnecting battery.Reconnect
negative(--)leadlastwhen
reconnecting battery.)
Disabling the generator set.Accidental starting can
cause severe injury or death.Before working on the
generator set or connected equipment, disable the generator
set as follows: 1) Move the generator set master switch to the
OFF position. 2) Disconnect power to the battery charger.
3) Remove battery cables, negative (--)lead first. Reconnect
negative(--)lead last whenreconnecting battery. Follow these
precautions to prevent starting of generator set by an
automatic transfer switch, remote start/stop switch, or engine
start command from a remote computer.
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(under 600 Volt)
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(600 Volt and above)
TP-5660 11/98Scheduled Maintenance 17
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Install barrierafter
adjustments,maintenance,or
service.
(under 600 Volt)
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Install barrierafter
adjustments,maintenance,or
servicing.
(600 Volt and above)
W ARNING
Servicing the transfer switch. Hazardous voltage can
cause severe injury or death. Deenergizeall powersources
before servicing. Open main circuit breakers of all power
sourcesto the transferswitch and disable all generatorsets as
follows: 1) Move all generator set master controller switches
to the OFF position. 2) Disconnect power to all battery
chargers. 3) Disconnect all battery cables, negative (--)leads
first. Reconnect negative (--) leads last when reconnecting
battery cables after servicing. Follow these precautions to
prevent starting of generator sets by an automatic transfer
switch, remote start/stop switch, or engine start command
from a remote computer.
Servicingtransfer switch controlsand accessories within
the enclosure.Hazardous voltage can cause severe
injury or death. Disconnect transfer switch controls at the
inline connector to deenergize the circuit boards and logic
circuitry but allow the transfer switch to continue to supply
power to the load. Disconnect all power sources to any
accessories mounted within the enclosure but which are not
wired through the controls and deenergized by inline
connector separation. Test circuits with a voltmeter to verify
that they are unpowered before servicing.
NOTICE
When replacing hardware, do not substitute with inferior
grade hardware. Screws and nuts are available in different
hardness ratings. American Standard hardware uses a series
of markings and metric hardware uses a numeric system to
indicate hardness. Check markings on bolt head and nuts for
identification.
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Operate generator set only with all
guards and electrical enclosures in
place.
Grounding the transfer switch. Hazardous voltage can
cause severe injury or death. Electrocution is possible
whenever electricity is present. Open main circuit breakers of
all power sources before servicing equipment. Configure the
installation to electrically ground the transfer switch and
related equipment and electrical circuits to comply with
applicable codes and standards. Never contact electrical
leads or appliances when standing in water or on wet ground,
as the chance of electrocution increases under such
conditions.
Short circuits.Hazardous voltage/current can cause
severe injury or death. Shortcircuits can cause bodily injury
and/or equipment damage.Do not contact electrical
connections with tools or jewelry while making adjustments or
repairs.Remove wristwatch, rings, and jewelry before
servicing equipment.
Movingrotor.
NOTICE
Hardware damage! Transferswitch may use both American
Standard and metric hardware. Use the correct size tools to
prevent rounding of bolt heads and nuts.
(ESD) damages electronic circuit boards.Prevent
electrostatic discharge damage by wearing an approved
grounding wrist strap when handling electronic circuit boards
or integrated circuits. An approved grounding wrist strap
provides a high resistance (about 1 megohm), not a directshort, to ground.
4.1Inspection and Service
Contact an authorized service center to inspect and
service the transfer switch when any wear, damage,
deterioration, or malfunction of the transfer switch or its
components is evident or suspected.
TP-5660 11/9818 Scheduled Maintenance
4.1.1General Inspection
External Inspection Keep the transfer switch clean
and in good condition by performing a weekly general
external inspection of the transfer switch for any
condition of vibration, leakage, noise, temperature,
contamination,ordeterioration.Remove
accumulations of dirt, dust, and other contaminants
from the transfer switch’s external components or
enclosure with a vacuum cleaner or by wiping with adry
cloth or brush. Do not use compressed air to clean the
switch because it can cause debris to lodge in the
components and cause damage. Replace any worn,
missing,orbrokenexternalcomponentswith
manufacturer-recommendedreplacementparts.
Contact a local authorized service center for specific
part information and part ordering.Tighten loose
external hardware.
Internal Inspection Disconnect all power sources,
open the transfer switch enclosure door, and inspect
internal components monthly or when any condition
noticedduring an externalinspection may haveaffected
internal components.
Contact an authorized service center to inspect and
service the transfer switch if any of the following
conditions are found inside the transfer switch.
D Accumulations of dirt, dust, moisture, or other
contaminants
D Signs of corrosion
D Worn, missing, or broken components
D Loose hardware
D Wire or cable insulation deterioration, cuts, or
abrasion
D Signs of overheating or loose connections:
discoloration of metal, melted plastic, or a burning
odor
D Other evidence of wear, damage, deterioration, or
malfunctionofthetransferswitchorits
components.
4.1.2Other Inspections and Service
Have an authorized service center perform scheduled
maintenance, service, and other maintenance that
ensures the safe and reliable operation of the transfer
switch including annual inspection and testing. See
Section 4.3—Service Schedule for the recommended
maintenance items and service intervals.
Have an authorized service center repair or replace
components inside the transfer switch enclosure with
manufacturer-recommended replacement parts.
4.2Testing
4.2.1Weekly Generator Set Exercise
Use a plant exerciser or manual test to start and run the
generatorset under a load oncea week to maximizethe
reliabilityof theemergency powersystem. See thelogic
controller operation and installation manual for the
procedure to exercise the generator set. See List of
Related Materials in the Introduction section in this
manual.
4.2.2Monthly Automatic Control
System Test
Test the transfer switch’s automatic control system
monthly.See the logic controller operation and
installationmanual forthe testprocedure. Verifythat the
expected sequence of operations occurs as the switch
transfers the load to the emergency source when a
normal source failure occurs or is simulated. Observe
the indicators (incandescent lamps and LEDs) included
on the transfer switch to check their operation. When
the switch transfers the load to the emergency source
(after a time delay in the off position on programmed
transition units), end the test and verify that the
expectedsequence of operations occursas the transfer
switchretransfers tothe availablenormalsource (aftera
time delay in the off position on programmed transition
units) and signals the generator set to shut down after a
cooldown period.
If the power interruption required to perform an internal
inspection is unacceptable in the application, have an
internal inspection performed by an authorized service
center.
TP-5660 11/98Scheduled Maintenance 19
4.3Service Schedule
D,R
abrasionandrepairorreplacewiringtoregainthe
D,R
vibration,leakage,noise,temperature,contamination
,
vibration,leakage,noise,temperature,contamination
,
Follow the service schedule below for the recommended service intervals. Have all service performed by an
authorized service center except for activities limited to the items designated by an X.
System Component or Procedure
See
Section
Visually
Inspect
CheckChangeCleanTest
Frequency
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Check for signs of overheating or loose connections:
discoloration of metal, melted plastic, or a burning odor
Check the contactor’s external operating mechanism
for cleanliness and clean and relubricate if dirty *
Check wiring insulation for deterioration, cuts, or
properties of the original wiring
Check the transfer switch’s main power switching
mechanisms’ mechanical operation and integrity
Tighten control and power wiring connections to
specifications
Check the transfer switch’s main power switching
contacts’ condition and clean or replace the main
contacts or replace the contactor assembly as
necessary
Perform a thermal scan or millivolt drop test to check
for high contact resistances on power circuits. Tighten
connections, clean main contacts, adjust or replace
main contacts or contactor assembly to eliminate high
contact resistances
Test wire and cable insulation for electrical breakdown4.1.2DEvery 3 Years
Check calibration of voltage-sensing circuitry and
setpoints, and recalibrate circuitry as necessary
4.1.1XXM
4.1.1X
4.1.1X
4.1.2DD
4.1.2DDDY
4.1.2, 6.4, LDDY
4.1.2DD, RDY
4.1.2DD, RDDY
4.1.2DDEvery 5 Years
D, R
(lubricant)
(wiring)
DM
M
Q
CONTROL SYSTEM
Exercise the generator set under load4.2.1, LXW
Test the transfer switch’s automatic control system4.2.2, LXXM
Test all indicators (incandescent lamps and LEDs) and
all remote control systems for operation
LDDD, RDY
GENERAL EQUIPMENT CONDITION
Inspect the outside of the transfer switch for any
condition of vibration, leakage, noise, temperature,
contamination, or deterioration to keep the transfer
switch clean and in good condition *
Check that all external hardware is in place, tightened,
and not badly worn
Inspect the inside of transfer switch for any condition of
or deterioration to keep the inside of the transfer switch
clean, dry, and in good condition *
Check that all internal hardware is in place, tightened,
and not badly worn
* Service more frequently if operated in dusty or dirty areas.
See Section Read these sections carefully for additional information before attempting maintenance or service.
Visually Inspect Examine these items visually.
Check Requires physical contact with or movement of system components, or the use of nonvisual indications.
Change May require replacement of components depending upon the severity of the problem.
Clean Removeaccumulationsofdirtandcontaminantsfromexternaltransferswitch’scomponentsorenclosurewithavacuum
cleaner or by wiping with a dry cloth or brush. Do not use compressed air to clean the switch because it can cause debris to
lodge in the components and cause damage.
Test May require tools, equipment, or training available only through an authorized service center.
L See the transfer switch logic controller operation and installation manual for more information.
D Have service performed by an authorized service center.
X Operator action.
R May require replacement of components.
4.1.1XXW
4.1.1XXRW
4.1.1XXDM
4.1.2DDDY
4.1.2XDM
W=Weekly
M=Monthly
Q=Quarterly
S=SixMonths
Y=Yearly
TP-5660 11/9820 Scheduled Maintenance
Section 5. Diagrams and Drawings
Diagram or DrawingDrawing NumberPage
Enclosure Dimensions Drawings
40--260 Amp, NEMA Type 1 and Type 3RADV-6180-23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Schematic Diagram, M340+ Logic, 400 Amp with Programmed Transition
TP-5660 11/98Diagrams and Drawings 53
321286-A
Schematic Diagram, M340+ Logic, 600--3000 Amp with Programmed Transition
54 Diagrams and DrawingsTP-5660 11/98
Section 6. Installation
Kohler automatic transfer switches are shipped factory
wired and tested, ready for installation. Installation of
the switch consists of the following.
D Unpackingand inspecting thetransfer switch upon
receipt.
D Protecting the switch against damage before and
during installation.
D Wiring of normal source (utility), emergency
source (generator), and load circuits.
D Wiring of control connections such as generator
start signals and accessories.
D Checking voltages and functions.
D Connecting and initializing the controller.
Follow this installation section first when installing the
transfer switch. Refer to the logic controller operation
and installation manual packed with the transfer switch
for details on electrical controls and accessories. See
Sections 1.3 and 1.4 for nameplate and model number
informationto identify typeof logic controller. See List of
Related Materials in the Introduction section in this
manual.
6.1Upon Receipt of Unit
6.1.1Inspection
At time of delivery,inspect the automatic transfer switch
for signs of shipping damage. If damage and/or rough
handling is evident, file a damage claim immediately
with the transportationcompany and promptly notify the
distributor or dealer.
6.1.2Lifting
W ARNING
See Figure 6-1 for the approximate weight of each
transfer switch covered in this manual. Use a spreader
bar for lifting. Attach the bar only to the enclosure’s
mounting holes or lifting brackets; do not lift the unit at
anyotherpoints. Replace,close,andlock theenclosure
door before moving or mounting the unit.
Transfer Switch
Rating
(amps)
40
80
100
150
225
260
400Any524 (238)
600
800
1000
1200
1600
2000
2500
3000
Number of
Poles
2, 3
4
2, 3
4
2, 3
4
2, 3
4
2, 3
4
2, 3
4
2,3
4
2, 3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
Approximate
Weight
lb. (kg)
237 (108)
242 (110)
237 (108)
242 (110)
237 (108)
242 (110)
242 (110)
247 (112)
242 (110)
247 (112)
242 (110)
247 (112)
638 (290)
658 (298)
678 (308)
761 (345)
678 (308)
761 (345)
678 (308)
761 (345)
975 (442)
1100 (499)
975 (442)
1100 (499)
1155 (524)
1295 (587)
1155 (524)
1295 (587)
Figure 6-1. Approximate Transfer Switch Weight
Unbalanced weight.
Improper lift can cause severe
injury or death and/or equipment
damage.
Use adequate lifting capacity.
Never leave transfer switch standing
upright unless it is securely bolted in
place or stabilized.
TP-5660 11/98Installation 55
6.1.3Unpacking
Unpack the transfer switch immediately after receipt
and inspect for shipping damage. Failureto perform an
immediate inspection impedes recovery of losses
causedby shippingdamage. Use carewhenunpacking
to avoid damaging any of the transfer switch
components. Remove all dirt and packing material that
mayhaveaccumulatedin thetransferswitch oranyof its
components.
If the equipment has been stored at cold temperatures,
allow equipment to warm to room temperature for
24 hours (minimum) before unpacking to prevent
condensationonthe electricalapparatus from
surrounding moist air.
such as a wall. When mounting these units either way,
plumb the enclosure to ensure that the door hinges are
vertical to avoid any distortion of the enclosure or door.
For floor mounting, bolt the mounting feet to the floor
and shim the mounting feet as needed to plumb the
enclosure. Keyholeslots for wallmounting areprovided
intherearpanelof theenclosure. Placewashersbehind
themounting bracket key holes to shim the enclosureto
a plumb condition.
Bolt the 600- through 3000-ampere automatic transfer
switches directly to floor mounting pads. When
mountingone of these units, level themounting pads so
that the doorhinges are plumb when the unit is installed
to avoid distorting the enclosure or door.
6.1.4Storage
Store the transfer switch in its protective packing until
ready for final installation.Protect the automatic
transfer switch at all times from excessive moisture,
construction grit, and metal chips. Avoid storage in low
temperatureandhighhumidityareaswhere
condensation could occur on the unit.
6.2Mechanical Installation
Check the System Voltage and Frequency Do not
install a transfer switch if the system voltage and
frequency shown on the transfer switch nameplate are
differentfrom the nominal normal(utility)source voltage
and frequency and the nominal emergency source
voltage and frequency shown on the generator set
nameplate.
To plan theinstallation,use the dimensions given on the
enclosure dimension drawings in Section 5. Select the
mounting site to comply with local electrical code
restrictions for the enclosure type. Mount the transfer
switch as close to the load and power sources as
possible. Allow adequate space to open the enclosure
door fully and to service the switch.
6.3Check Manual Operation
Follow a procedure in Section 2.3 to manually operate
thecontactor but stopbefore reapplyingpower sources.
Verify that the contactor operates smoothly without
binding and prepare it for automatic operation. If the
contactor does not operate smoothly without binding,
STOP! Call an authorized service center to service the
contactor before proceeding!
6.4Electrical Wiring
All internal electrical connections are prewired. The
onlywiringnecessary wheninstallingthetransferswitch
is to connect the unit to external devices.
Observe all applicable national, state, and local
electr ical codes during installation.
Install DC, control, and communication system wiring
in raceways, cables, or conduit separate from AC
power wiring.
See Section 5 for schematic diagrams and enclosure
drawings.
W ARNING
Vertically mount the 40- through 260-ampere transfer
switches covered in this manual to a wall or other rigid
vertical supporting structure.Keyhole slots for
mounting purposes are provided in the mounting
brackets on the top and bottom of each unit. When
mounting these units, plumb the enclosure to ensure
thatthe doorhingesare verticalto avoidanydistortionof
the enclosure or door.Place washers behind the
mounting bracket key holes to shim the enclosure to a
plumb condition.
Floor mount or attach the 400-ampere transfer switch
covered in this manual to a rigid supporting structure
Accidental starting.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect battery cables before
working on generator set. (Remove
negative(--)leadfirstwhen
disconnecting battery.Reconnect
negative(--)leadlastwhen
reconnecting battery.)
TP-5660 11/9856 Installation
Disabling the generator set.Accidental starting can
cause severe injury or death.Before working on the
generator set or connected equipment, disable the generator
set as follows: 1) Movethe generator set master switch to the
OFF position. 2) Disconnect power to the battery charger.
negative(--) l ead lastwhenreconnecting battery. Follow these
precautions to prevent starting of generator set by an
automatic transfer switch, remote start/stop switch, or engine
start command from a remote computer.
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(under 600 Volt)
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect all power sources before
opening enclosure.
(600 Volt and above)
W ARNING
DANGER
Hazardous voltage.
Will cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Installbarrier after
adjustments,maintenance,or
servicing.
(600 Volt and above)
Grounding the transfer switch. Hazardous voltage can
cause severe injury or death. Electrocution is possible
wheneverelectricity is present. Open main circuit breakers of
all power sources before servicing equipment. Configure the
installation to electrically ground the transfer switch and
related equipment and electrical circuits to comply with
applicable codes and standards. Never contact electrical
leads or appliances when standing in water or on wet ground,
as the chance of electrocution increases under such
conditions.
Installing battery charger. Hazardous voltage can cause
severe injury or death. Electrical shock may occur if battery
charger is not electrically grounded. Connect battery charger
enclosure to ground of a permanent wiring system. As an
alternative, install an equipment grounding conductor with
circuit conductors and connect to equipment grounding
terminal or lead on battery charger. Perform battery charger
installation as prescribed in equipment manual. Installbattery
charger in compliance with local codes and ordinances.
Connecting battery and battery charger.Hazardous
voltage c an cause severe injury or death. Reconnect
battery correctly to avoid electrical shock and damage to
battery charger and battery(ies). Have a qualified electrician
install battery(ies).
Installingaccessoriestotransformerassembly.
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect power sources before
servicing.Installbarrier after
adjustments,maintenance,or
service.
(under 600 Volt)
TP-5660 11/98Installation 57
Hazardous voltage can cause severe injury or death. To
prevent the possibility of electrical shock, disconnect harness
plug before installing any accessories involving connection to
transformer assembly primary terminals 76, 77, 78, and 79.
Terminals are at line voltage! (Models with E33+, S340,
S340+, 340, R340, or R33 controls only.)
Installingaccessoriestotransformerassembly.
Hazardous voltage can cause severe injury or death. To
prevent the possibility of electrical shock, disconnect harness
plugbefore installing any accessories which will be connected
to transformer assembly primaryterminals on microprocessor
logic models. Terminals are at line voltage!
Making line or auxiliary connections. Hazardous voltage
can cause severe injury or death. Toprevent the possibility
of electrical shock, deenergize the normal power source
before making any line or auxiliary connections.
NOTICE
Hardware damage! Transferswitch may use both American
Standard and metric hardware. Use the correct size tools to
prevent rounding of bolt heads and nuts.
(ESD) damages electronic circuit boards.Prevent
electrostatic discharge damage by wearing an approved
grounding wrist strap when handling electronic circuit boards
or integrated circuits. An approved grounding wrist strap
provides a high resistance (about 1 megohm), not a direct
short, to ground.
compressedairtocleanthe switchbecauseitcancause
debris to lodge in the components and cause damage.
Use watertight conduit hubs approved for outdoor use
for installing the transfer switch outdoors.
Before connecting wiring cables to terminal lugs,
remove surface oxides from cables by cleaning with a
wire brush. If using aluminum conductors, apply a joint
compound to cables. After tightening terminal lugs,
carefully wipe off excess joint compound.
Connection points for the normal power, emergency
power, and load are clearly marked on the contactor
assembly and are also shown on the drawings in
Section4. Be suretoheed thephase markings (A,B,C,
and N).
NOTE
Connect source and load phases as indicated by the
markings and drawings. Improper connections may
cause short circuits or cause phase-sensitive load
devices to malfunction or operate in reverse.
NOTE
For easy access during installation wiring, remove the
front door of the enclosure. Disconnect the cable plug
that connects the front door components to the internal
components and then lift the door off its hinge pins.
6.4.1AC Power Connections
All conductors should enter the enclosure at the
locations shown on the drawings. When drilling entry
holes for any conductors, cover the transfer switch
components for protection from metal chips and
construction grit.Remove any debris from the
enclosure with a vacuum cleaner.Do not use
NOTE
When making power connections to the power
switching device, leave sufficient slack in the power
leads to reach all of the power connecting lugs on the
power switching device.
NOTE
The power source leads must be phased A-B-C for
option DD-34-Z (phase sequence and loss monitoring)
to function correctly.If the power source phase
sequence is not A-B-C and option DD-34-Z is enabled
the controller consider the source to have failed.
Connectthe normal, emergencyand load conductors to
the clearly marked terminals on the transfer switch.
Verify that all connections are consistent with drawings
before tightening the lugs.Tighten all cable lug
connections to the torque values shown in Figure 6-2.
In cases where the normal, emergency, and load
connections are made to a rear connected bus bar,use
a compression washer, flat washer, and a minimum
grade 5 bolt and torque to the values in Figure 6-3.
Torque Bolt (Grade 5)
Size
1/4-207268.1
5/16-181321114.9
3/8-163002533.9
1/2-137206081.4
in. lbs.ft. lbs.Nm
Figure 6-3. Tightening Torque for Bus Bars
6.4.2Generator Start Connection
W ARNING
position; disconnecting power to the generator engine
start battery charger, if installed; and disconnecting all
generatorenginestart batterycables, negative(--)leads
first.
Connect the generator set remote starting circuit to the
generator start signal connections located on terminals
3and 4 of the transferswitch contactor assembly. Ared
decal identifies the location of the terminal block. See
the enclosure dimension drawings in Section 5. The
transfer switch controller provides a contact closure
through the wiring harness to these terminals to signal
the generator set to start.
6.4.3Accessory and Controller
Connections
Complete any external connections for accessories.
See Section the transfer switch logic controller
operation and installation manual. See Sections 1.3
and1.4 fornameplate and model number informationto
identify type of logic controller. See List of Related
Materialsin the Introduction section in this manual. See
the logic controller operation and installation manual for
additional control connection information. Connect the
powerswitching device and controller wiring harnesses
together at the inline disconnect plug after performing
the voltage check procedure to complete installation.
6.5Prepare the Generator Set for
Operation
Accidental starting.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Disconnect battery cables before
working on generator set. (Remove
negative(--)leadfirstwhen
disconnecting battery.Reconnect
negative(--)leadlastwhen
reconnecting battery.)
Disabling the generator set.Accidental starting can
cause severe injury or death.Before working on the
generator set or connected equipment, disable the generator
set as follows: 1) Movethe generator set master switch to the
OFF position. 2) Disconnect power to the battery charger.
3) Remove battery cables, negative (--)lead first. Reconnect
negative(--) l ead lastwhenreconnecting battery. Follow these
precautions to prevent starting of generator set by an
automatic transfer switch, remote start/stop switch, or engine
start command from a remote computer.
Prevent the generator set that provides the emergency
power source to the transfer switch from starting by
moving the generator set master switch to the OFF
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Operate generator set only with all
guards and electrical enclosures in
place.
Disconnect all power sources to the transfer switch by
opening upstream circuit breakers or switches to the
transfer switch.
Prepare the generator set that provides the emergency
powersourcetothetransferswitchforoperation. Check
the oil level, coolant level, fuel supply, batteries, and
items specified by the generator set installation or
operation checklist or manual.
Move the generator set master switch to the OFF
position; reconnect generator engine start battery
Movingrotor.
TP-5660 11/98Installation 59
cables, negative (--) leads last; and reconnect power to
the generator engine start battery chargers, if installed.
6.6Functional Tests
3. Move the generator set master switch to the OFF
position to inhibit generator set starting.
4. Manually transfer the load to the emergency
source. See Section 2.3.
6.6.1Voltage Check
Perform a voltage check to verify that the voltages and
phasing of all power sources are compatible with the
transferswitch beforeenergizing the load orconnecting
the power switching device and controller wire
harnesses together.
Thenominalvoltage andfrequencyof thenormal(utility)
source, transfer switch nameplate, and generator set
output and nameplate should all be the same to avoid
damage to loads and the transfer switch.
W ARNING
Hazardous voltage.
Can cause severe injury or death.
Operate generator set only with all
guards and electrical enclosures in
place.
Short circuits.Hazardous voltage/current can cause
severe injury or death. Shortcircuits can cause bodily injury
and/or equipment damage.Do not contact electrical
connections with tools or jewelry while making adjustments or
repairs.Remove wristwatch, rings, and jewelry before
servicing equipment.
Read and understand all instructions on installation
drawings and labels affixed to the switch. Note any
optional accessories that have been furnished with the
switch and review their operation.
V oltage Check Procedure
Perform voltage checks in the order given to avoid
damaging the transfer switch.
1. Disconnect all power sources before opening the
transfer switch enclosure by opening upstream
circuit breakers or switches to the transfer switch.
Movingrotor.
NOTE
5. Reapply the normal source by closing circuit
breakers or switches.
6. Use an accurate voltmeter to check the normal
source phase-to-phase andphase-to-neutral
terminal voltages. Use accurate test equipment to
check the phase rotation at the normal source
terminals. If the nominal normal source voltage or
frequency is not what is shown on the transfer
switch nameplate, STOP! Do not proceed further
in installation because the transfer switch is not
designed for the application—call a local service
center to order the correct transfer switch. Rewire
the transfer switch normal source terminals to
obtain a phase sequence of A-B-C if required on
transfer switches with microprocessor controls
(see NOTE.)
NOTE
Thepower sourceleads must be phased A-B-Cfor
option DD-34-Z (phase sequence and loss
monitoring)tofunctioncorrectlyon
microprocessor-based controls.If the power
source phase sequence is not A-B-C and option
DD-34-Z is enabled the controller considers the
source to have failed.
7. Disconnect the normal power source by opening
upstream circuit breakers or switches to the
transfer switch.
8. Manually transfer the load to the normal source.
See Section 2.3.
9. Reapply the emergency source by closing circuit
breakers or switches.
10. Move the generator set master switch to the RUN
position. The generator set should start.
11. Use anaccuratevoltmeterto checktheemergency
source phase-to-phase andphase-to-neutral
terminal voltages. Use accurate test equipment to
check the phase rotation at the emergency-source
terminals. Rewire the transfer switch emergency
source terminals if the emergency source phase
rotation is not the same as the normal source.
2. Disconnect the power switching device and the
logic controller wire harnesses at the inline
disconnect plug if they are connected.
TP-5660 11/9860 Installation
12. Followthegeneratorsetmanufacturer’s
instructions to adjust the generator output voltage
and frequency to match the nominal system
voltage and frequency shown on the transfer
switch nameplate if they are different.The
automatictransferswitch willoperatecorrectly only
to the rated system voltage and frequency
specified on the nameplate.
13. Move the generatorset master switch to the AUTO
position.
14. Disconnect the emergency power source by
opening upstream circuit breakers or switches to
the transfer switch.
15. Connect the power switching device and controller
wiring harnesses together at the inline disconnect
plug.
16. Close and lock the transfer switch enclosure door.
17. Reconnect power sources by closing circuit
breakers or switches. The transfer switch may
signal the generator set to run for TDEC, if
equipped.
6.6.2Automatic Operation Test
Test thetransfer switch’sautomatic controlsystem. See
the logic controller operation and installation manual for
the test procedure.
6.7Controller Setup
See the logic controller operation and installation
manual for controller startup and setup procedures.
6.8Ensure Warranty Registration
The transfer switch seller must complete a Startup
Notification Form and submit it to the manufacturer
within 60 days of the initial startup date.A Startup
Notification Form is included with generator sets and
covers all equipment in the standby system. Standby
systems not registeredwithin 60 days of the initial date
are automatically registered using the manufacturer’s
ship date as the startup date.
NOTE
Wheninitially applyingpowertothe transferswitch,
the engine start contacts remain closed signalling
the generator to run until the ATS’s Time Delay
Engine Cooldown (TDEC), if equipped, ends.
Installation of the transfer switch’s power switching
device is complete. Close and lock the enclosure door.
TP-5660 11/98Installation 61
Notes
TP-5660 11/9862 Installation
Appendix A. Glossary of Abbreviations
Abbreviations are used throughout this manual. Normally in the text they will appear in complete form with the
abbreviation following in parenthesis the first time they are used. After that they will appear in the abbreviated form.
The commonly used abbreviations are shown below.
ACalternating current
AISIAmerican Iron and Steel Institute
Ampampere
Ampsamperes
ANSIAmerican National Standard
Institute
APIAmerican Petroleum Institute
approx. approximate, approximately
A/Ras required, as requested
A/Sas supplied, as stated,
as suggested
ASAAmerican Standards Association
ASMEAmerican Society of Mechanical
Engineers
assy.assembly
ASTMAmerican Society for Testing
Materials
ATDCafter top dead center
aux.auxiliary
AWGAmerican Wire Gauge
AWMappliance wiring material
BBDCbefore bottom dead center
BDCbefore dead center
BHPbrake horsepower
bmepbrake m ean effective pressure
BtuBritish thermal unit
°CCelsius degree
cccubic centimeter
CCAcold cranking Amps.
CECCanadian Electrical Code
cfhcubic feet per hour
cfmcubic feet per minute
CIDcubic inch displacement
cmcentimeter, centimeters
cmmcubic meters per minute
co.company
cont’d.continued
CSACanadian Standards Association
CTcurrent transformer
cu. in.cubicinch, cubic inches
cyl.cylinder
dBdecibel
dBAdecibels (A weighted)
DCdirect current
DCRdirect current resistance
deg.degree
dept.department
dia.diameter
e.g.example given
EIAElectronic Industries Association
EMIelectromagnetic interference
EPAEnvironmental Protection
gal./ gals.gallon, gallons
gphgallons per hour
gpmgallons per minute
gr.grade
gnd.ground
HCHThigh cyli nder head temperature
HEThigh exhaust (or engine)
temperature
Hgmercury (element)
H2Owater
HPhorsepower
hr, hrshour
Hzhertz (cycles per second)
IDinside diameter
IEEEInstitute of Electrical and
Organization
Jjoule, joules
JISJapanese Industry Standard
kgkilogram, kilograms
kg/cm2kilograms per square centimeter
kgmkilogram meter(s)
kJkilojoules (btu cal)
kmkilometer, kilometers
kPakiloPascal, kiloPascals
kphkilometers per hour
kVkilovolt
kVAkilovolt amperes
kWkilowatt, kilowatts
kWHkilowatt hour
Lliter, liters
LxWxH length x width x height
LED(s)light emitting diode
lb., lbs.pound, pounds
L/hr.liter per hour, liters per hour
L/min.liter(s) per minutes
LOPlow oil pressure
LPliquefied petroleum
mmeter, meters
3
m
max.maximum
MCMone t housand circular mils.
meggar megohmmeter
MHzmegahertz
mi.mile, miles
milone one-thousandth of an inch
min.minimum
mJmillijoule, millijoules
MJmega joule, mega joules
mmmillimeter, millimeters
m3/mincubic meters per minute
MPam egaPascal
mWmilliwatt, milliwatts
MWmegawatt, megawatts
N/Anot available or not applicable
cubic meter, cubic meters
NBSNational Bureau of Standards
N.C.normally closed
NECNational Electrical Code
NEMANational Electrical
Manufacturers Association
NFPANational Fire Protection
Association
NmNewton meter, Newton meters
no., nos number, numbers
NPTNational Standard taper pipe
thread per general use
N/Rnot required
OCovercrank
ODoutside diameter
OEMoriginal equipment manufacturer
OSoverspeed, oversize
O/Soversize
OSHAOccupational Safety and Health
Act
OVovervoltage
oz.ounce, ounces
PFpower factor
PMGpermanent magnet generator
pot.potentiometer
ppmparts per million
psipounds per square inch
pt., pts. pint, pints
PVCpolyvinyl chloride
qt., qts. quart, quarts
qty.quantity
ref.reference
RFIradio frequency interference
r.h.m.round-head machine (screw)
rmsroot mean square
RPMrevolutions per minute
RTVroom temperature vulcanization
SAESociety of Automotive Engineers
SCRsilicon-controlled rectifier
sec.second, seconds
spec.specs, specification
sq.square
sq. cmsquare centimeters
sq. in.square inch, square inches
tachtachometer
TDCtop dead center
tech. pub.technical publications
temp.temperature
TIFtelephone i nfluence factor
TP, TPs technical publications
turboturbocharger
UHFultrahigh frequency
UNCUnified coarse thread (was NC)
UNFUnified fine thread (was NF)
ULUnderwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.
U/Sundersize
U.S.A.United States of America
Vvolt, volts
vacvolts alternating current
vdcvolts direct current
VHFvery high frequency
Wwatt, watts
Appendix A-1TP-5660 11/98
TP-5660 11/98
E Kohler Co.1994, 1997, 1998. All rights reserved.
KOHLER CO. Kohler, Wisconsin 53044
Phone 920-565-3381, Web site www.kohlergenerators.com
Fax 920-459-1646 (U.S.A. Sales), Fax 920-459-1614 (International)
For the nearest sales and service outlet in U.S.A. and Canada
Phone 1-800-544-2444
Kohlerr Power Syst ems
Asia Pacific Headquarters
7 Jurong Pier Road
Singapore 619159
Phone (65)264-6422, Fax (65)264-6455
Loading...
+ hidden pages
You need points to download manuals.
1 point = 1 manual.
You can buy points or you can get point for every manual you upload.